See bef in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "beef"
},
"expansion": "English: beef",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "English: beef (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
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{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "beef"
},
"expansion": "Scots: beef",
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}
],
"text": "Scots: beef"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "xno",
"3": "beof"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman beof",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "buef"
},
"expansion": "Old French buef",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "bovem"
},
"expansion": "Latin bovem",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cou"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of cou",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Anglo-Norman beof, Old French buef; ultimately from Latin bovem, accusative of bōs. Doublet of cou.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
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"expansion": "bef",
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{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "bef (uncountable)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Livestock",
"orig": "enm:Livestock",
"parents": [
"Agriculture",
"Animals",
"Applied sciences",
"Lifeforms",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Mammals",
"orig": "enm:Mammals",
"parents": [
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "74 26",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Meats",
"orig": "enm:Meats",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beef; cow flesh or meat"
],
"id": "en-bef-enm-noun-x80-8edR",
"links": [
[
"beef",
"beef"
],
[
"cow",
"cow"
],
[
"flesh",
"flesh"
],
[
"meat",
"meat"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 70",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Bovines",
"orig": "enm:Bovines",
"parents": [
"Even-toed ungulates",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Livestock",
"orig": "enm:Livestock",
"parents": [
"Agriculture",
"Animals",
"Applied sciences",
"Lifeforms",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Mammals",
"orig": "enm:Mammals",
"parents": [
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A bovine or its carcass"
],
"id": "en-bef-enm-noun-TAYCtfYa",
"links": [
[
"bovine",
"bovine"
],
[
"carcass",
"carcass"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bøːf/",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/beːf/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "beef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bouf"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "beof"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "buf"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "boef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bief"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "beffe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "befe"
}
],
"word": "bef"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English doublets",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Bovines",
"enm:Livestock",
"enm:Mammals",
"enm:Meats"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "beef"
},
"expansion": "English: beef",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "English: beef (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "beef"
},
"expansion": "Scots: beef",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: beef"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "xno",
"3": "beof"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman beof",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "buef"
},
"expansion": "Old French buef",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "bovem"
},
"expansion": "Latin bovem",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cou"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of cou",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Anglo-Norman beof, Old French buef; ultimately from Latin bovem, accusative of bōs. Doublet of cou.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bef",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "bef (uncountable)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"beef; cow flesh or meat"
],
"links": [
[
"beef",
"beef"
],
[
"cow",
"cow"
],
[
"flesh",
"flesh"
],
[
"meat",
"meat"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A bovine or its carcass"
],
"links": [
[
"bovine",
"bovine"
],
[
"carcass",
"carcass"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bøːf/",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/beːf/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "beef"
},
{
"word": "bouf"
},
{
"word": "beof"
},
{
"word": "buf"
},
{
"word": "boef"
},
{
"word": "bief"
},
{
"word": "beffe"
},
{
"word": "befe"
}
],
"word": "bef"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bef meaning in Middle English (2.2kB)
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "bef/Middle English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Early-Middle-English not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Middle English doublets\", \"Middle English entries with incorrect language header\", \"Middle English lemmas\", \"Middle English nouns\", \"Middle English terms borrowed from Anglo-Norman\", \"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French\", \"Middle English terms derived from Anglo-Norman\", \"Middle English terms derived from Latin\", \"Middle English terms derived from Old French\", \"Middle English uncountable nouns\", \"Pages with 5 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"enm:Bovines\", \"enm:Livestock\", \"enm:Mammals\", \"enm:Meats\"], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"beef\"}, \"expansion\": \"English: beef\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"(see there for further descendants)\", \"name\": \"see desc\"}], \"text\": \"English: beef (see there for further descendants)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"sco\", \"2\": \"beef\"}, \"expansion\": \"Scots: beef\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Scots: beef\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"xno\", \"3\": \"beof\"}, \"expansion\": \"Anglo-Norman beof\", \"name\": \"bor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"fro\", \"3\": \"buef\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old French buef\", \"name\": \"bor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"bovem\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin bovem\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"cou\"}, \"expansion\": \"Doublet of cou\", \"name\": \"doublet\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Anglo-Norman beof, Old French buef; ultimately from Latin bovem, accusative of bōs. Doublet of cou.\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"nouns\", \"g\": \"\", \"g2\": \"\", \"g3\": \"\", \"head\": \"\", \"sort\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"bef\", \"name\": \"head\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"bef (uncountable)\", \"name\": \"enm-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"Middle English\", \"lang_code\": \"enm\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"glosses\": [\"beef; cow flesh or meat\"], \"links\": [[\"beef\", \"beef\"], [\"cow\", \"cow\"], [\"flesh\", \"flesh\"], [\"meat\", \"meat\"]], \"tags\": [\"uncountable\"]}, {\"glosses\": [\"A bovine or its carcass\"], \"links\": [[\"bovine\", \"bovine\"], [\"carcass\", \"carcass\"]], \"tags\": [\"uncountable\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/bøːf/\", \"tags\": [\"Early-Middle-English\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/beːf/\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"beef\"}, {\"word\": \"bouf\"}, {\"word\": \"beof\"}, {\"word\": \"buf\"}, {\"word\": \"boef\"}, {\"word\": \"bief\"}, {\"word\": \"beffe\"}, {\"word\": \"befe\"}], \"word\": \"bef\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "bef",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.