suffisen

suffisen (third-person singular simple present suffiseth, present participle suffisende, suffisynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle suffised)

suffiseth (present singular third-person)
suffisende (participle present)
suffisynge (participle present)
suffised (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
suffisen (infinitive)
to suffisen (infinitive)
suffise (infinitive)
suffise (first-person present singular)
suffised (first-person past singular)
suffisest (present second-person singular)
suffisedest (past second-person singular)
suffiseth (present singular third-person)
suffised (past singular third-person)
suffise (present singular subjunctive)
suffised (past singular subjunctive)
suffise (imperative present singular)
suffisen (plural present)
suffise (plural present)
suffiseden (past plural)
suffisede (past plural)
suffiseth (imperative plural present)
suffise (imperative plural present)
suffisynge (participle present)
suffisende (participle present)
suffised (participle past)
ysuffised (participle past)

English: suffice

From Middle French souffire and Anglo-Norman suffiser, sufficer, from Old French sofire, from Latin sufficiō (“to supply, be adequate”), from sub (“under”) + faciō (“do, make”).

der

(intransitive) to be adequate for some purpose or need, to suffice, to be enough (+ for, to, unto, or til: for (something) or for (someone’s) needs; + to: to (do something); + of: regarding, on (some subject))

(intransitive with for, theology) to atone for, to redeem the sins of (someone)

(transitive) to be adequate for (someone’s) wants or needs, to satisfy

(transitive) to feed (a person or animal)

For Nature wolde nat ſuffyſe / To non erthly creature / Not longe tyme to endure / Without ſlepe & be yn ſorwe / And I ne may ne nyght ne morwe / Slepe […]

c. 1368, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Book of the Duchess, as recorded c. 1450–1475 in Bodleian Library MS. Bodl. 638, folio 110v

For Nature will not allow / Any earthly creature / To survive for long / Without sleep, and sorrowing; / And yet I cannot, by night or morning, / Sleep, […]

(transitive or intransitive with to) to allow, to permit, to suffer

(transitive or intransitive with to) to be capable of, to be able to (do something)

(intransitive or reflexive) to be content (+ to or unto: with)


mowtynge

English: moulting

Yola: moulteen, moutheen (figuratively)


syflen

syflen (infinitive)
to syflen (infinitive)
syfle (infinitive)
syfle (first-person present singular)
syfled (first-person past singular)
syflest (present second-person singular)
syfledest (past second-person singular)
syfleth (present singular third-person)
syfled (past singular third-person)
syfle (present singular subjunctive)
syfled (past singular subjunctive)
syfle (imperative present singular)
syflen (plural present)
syfle (plural present)
syfleden (past plural)
syflede (past plural)
syfleth (imperative plural present)
syfle (imperative plural present)
syflynge (participle present)
syflende (participle present)
syfled (participle past)
ysyfled (participle past)

Yola: thif

(Late Middle English) to blow gently, whistle


snyten

snyten (infinitive)
to snyten (infinitive)
snyte (infinitive)
snyte (first-person present singular)
snyted (first-person past singular)
snytest (present second-person singular)
snytedest (past second-person singular)
snyteth (present singular third-person)
snyted (past singular third-person)
snyte (present singular subjunctive)
snyted (past singular subjunctive)
snyte (imperative present singular)
snyten (plural present)
snyte (plural present)
snyteden (past plural)
snytede (past plural)
snyteth (imperative plural present)
snyte (imperative plural present)
snytynge (participle present)
snytende (participle present)
snyted (participle past)
ysnyted (participle past)

English: snite, snet

Yola: snite

From Old English snȳtan, from Proto-West Germanic *snūtijan, from Proto-Germanic *snūtijaną.


abandoun

His ribbes and scholder fel adoun / Men might se the liver abandoun.

His ribs and shoulder fell down / Men might see the liver entirely.


warlok

Yola: wourlok (verb)

ware (“defense, protection”) + lok (“lock”)


in poynt to

c. 1368, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Book of the Duchess, as recorded c. 1440–1450 in Bodleian Library MS. Fairfax 16, folio 130r

Everything is equally good to me— / Joy or sorrow, however it might be— / For I feel nothing about anything, / But am like some dazed thing, / Always on the brink of falling down.

Al is ylyche goode to me / Ioy or sorowe wherso hyt be / For I haue felynge in no thynge / But as it were a mased thynge / Alway in poynt to falle a down

(with infinitive verb) on the brink of, on the verge of, about to


unmaken

enm-verb

unmaken (third-person singular simple present unmaketh, present participle unmakende, unmakynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative unmade, past participle unmad)

unmaketh (present singular third-person)
unmakende (participle present)
unmakynge (participle present)
unmade (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
unmad (participle past)
unmaken (infinitive)
to unmaken (infinitive)
unmake (infinitive)
unmake (first-person present singular)
unmade (first-person past singular)
unmakest (present second-person singular)
unmadest (past second-person singular)
unmaketh (present singular third-person)
unmade (past singular third-person)
unmake (present singular subjunctive)
unmade (past singular subjunctive)
unmake (imperative present singular)
unmaken (plural present)
unmake (plural present)
unmaden (past plural)
unmade (past plural)
unmaketh (imperative plural present)
unmake (imperative plural present)
unmakynge (participle present)
unmakende (participle present)
unmad (participle past)

English: unmake

(transitive) to unmake, to destroy, to kill

(transitive) to abrogate, to annul, to abolish

(transitive) to bring (someone) to ruin or a lowly state; also to depose, to dethrone (a ruler)

a. 1450, The Creation and the Fall of Lucifer in The York Plays, as recorded c. 1463–1477 in British Museum MS. Additional 35290

I am gracious and great, God without beginning, / I am the unmade maker—all might is in me, / I am life and the way to the attainment of salvation, / I am foremost and first—as I command, it shall be.

I am gracyus and grete, god withoutyn begynnyng, / I am maker vnmade, all mighte es in me, / I am lyfe and way vnto welth-wynnyng, / I am formaste and fyrste, als I byd sall it be.

(in the past participle) uncreated, unmade, existing eternally

(in the past participle) incomplete, unfinished


teynen

teynen (infinitive)
to teynen (infinitive)
teyne (infinitive)
teyne (first-person present singular)
teyned (first-person past singular)
teynest (present second-person singular)
teynedest (past second-person singular)
teyneth (present singular third-person)
teyned (past singular third-person)
teyne (present singular subjunctive)
teyned (past singular subjunctive)
teyne (imperative present singular)
teynen (plural present)
teyne (plural present)
teyneden (past plural)
teynede (past plural)
teyneth (imperative plural present)
teyne (imperative plural present)
teynynge (participle present)
teynende (participle present)
teyned (participle past)
yteyned (participle past)


lustyhede

English: lustihead, lustihood

lusty + -hede. Compare Dutch lustigheid, Middle Low German lusticheit, German Lustigkeit, Danish lustighed, Swedish lustighet.

Defaulte of slepe and hevynesse / Hath [slayne] my spirite of quyknesse / That I haue loste al lustyhede

c. 1368, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Book of the Duchess, as recorded c. 1440–1450 in Bodleian Library MS. Fairfax 16, folio 130r

Lack of sleep and sorrow / Have killed the liveliness in my spirit / So that I have lost all enjoyment of life.

enjoyment of life, joyfulness, gaiety, cheer


snaperen

snaperen (third-person singular simple present snapereth, present participle snaperende, snaperynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle snapered)

snapereth (present singular third-person)
snaperende (participle present)
snaperynge (participle present)
snapered (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
snaperen (infinitive)
to snaperen (infinitive)
snapere (infinitive)
snapere (first-person present singular)
snapered (first-person past singular)
snaperest (present second-person singular)
snaperedest (past second-person singular)
snapereth (present singular third-person)
snapered (past singular third-person)
snapere (present singular subjunctive)
snapered (past singular subjunctive)
snapere (imperative present singular)
snaperen (plural present)
snapere (plural present)
snapereden (past plural)
snaperede (past plural)
snapereth (imperative plural present)
snapere (imperative plural present)
snaperynge (participle present)
snaperende (participle present)
snapered (participle past)
ysnapered (participle past)

English: snapper

Likely formed with the frequentative suffix -eren (compare Modern English -er). For the stem compare Norwegian Nynorsk snåva (“to stumble”), Swedish snava (“to stumble”), obsolete German schnappen (“to totter, to limp”), Middle High German snaben, Middle Low German snaven (“to stumble”).

(figuratively) to fall into error; to make a mistake, and especially to stumble morally


assoilen

to release (someone) from bonds of sin, hell, or purgatory

to free (a country or someone) from an ecclesiastical offence or excommunication

to free (someone) from a criminal charge or sentence

to release (someone) from an obligation; to discharge (someone) from office

to exempt (someone) from service; to release (someone) from medical treatment

to explain or solve (a problem, riddle, etc.)


trussen

trussen (infinitive)
to trussen (infinitive)
trusse (infinitive)
trusse (first-person present singular)
trussed (first-person past singular)
trussest (present second-person singular)
trussedest (past second-person singular)
trusseth (present singular third-person)
trussed (past singular third-person)
trusse (present singular subjunctive)
trussed (past singular subjunctive)
trusse (imperative present singular)
trussen (plural present)
trusse (plural present)
trusseden (past plural)
trussede (past plural)
trusseth (imperative plural present)
trusse (imperative plural present)
trussynge (participle present)
trussende (participle present)
trussed (participle past)
ytrussed (participle past)

English: truss

Yola: durst (preterite)


leggys

a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)11077 : She was ffetheryd for to fle; And on her leggys bothe two, Lyk a dowve she was also, And endownyd soffte & ffayr.

a1450 ?Audelay An a byrchyn bonke (Dc 302)219/44 : [W]ith lymes long and lene and leggys ful lew, [H]adyn lost þe lyp and þe lyuer seþyn þai were layd loue.

?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)131/234 : Hese leggys here do folde for Age.

(c1460) Bk.Arms in Anc.5 (Hrl 2169)182 : Port de goulys tres jaumbis inne sayle eprone dore. The leggys sylvyr, the sporrys and the kneys golde. The armys of the Ile of Man.

(1429-30) Rec.St.Mary at Hill72 : Also for leggys to þe same ȝatis..xxxiij d.

1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)6196 : Hys leggys to faltryn gunne sodeynly, That he no ferthyr goon myth sothly.


scorkle

And ek this nero gouernyd by ceptre alle the poeples þat ben vndyr the colde sterres that hyhten vii tyryones / this to seyn he gouernede alle the poeples þat ben vndyr the party of the north / and ek nero gouernede alle þe poeples þat the vyolent wynd nothus scorklith


atenden

atenden (third-person singular simple present atendeth, present participle atendende, atendynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle atended)

atendeth (present singular third-person)
atendende (participle present)
atendynge (participle present)
atended (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)

PIE word
 *úd
From Old English ātendan (“to set on fire, kindle, inflame; to perplex; to trouble”), a variant of earlier ontendan (“to set on fire, set fire to, kindle, inflame; to perplex; to trouble”), from ā- (prefix meaning ‘away; from; off; out’), on- (prefix meaning ‘at; on’) + tendan (“to kindle”) (from Proto-Germanic *tandijaną (“to light on fire, kindle”), the causative form of *tinnaną (“to burn”); ultimate etymology uncertain, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂w- (“to burn; to kindle”)).

inh

To bring light to (something); to illuminate, to light up.

(figurative) To cause (someone) to feel ardour or passion.


enhorten

enm-verb

enhorten (third-person singular simple present enhorteth, present participle enhortende, enhortynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle enhorted)

enhorteth (present singular third-person)
enhortende (participle present)
enhortynge (participle present)
enhorted (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)

From Old French enorter, from Latin inhortārī (“to incite, instigate”).

der

Deeth is an ende of euery woꝛldly sooꝛe
And ouer al this yet seyde he muchel mooꝛe
To this effect ful wyſly to enhoꝛte
The peple that they sholde hem reconfoꝛte

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The Knẏghtes Tale”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 37, verso:


chaungeable

English: changeable

/ˌt͡ʃaːnˈd͡ʒaːbəl/

From Old Northern French chaungeable, changable, from Late Latin cambiāre (“to change”), equivalent to chaungen + -able.

Possible or liable to change; unstable, mutable, malleable.

Lacking permanence; transitory, unstable.

Emotionally volatile; fickle, shifty, untrustworthy.


forwaked

Hyr women caught hir vp anon / And broghten hir in bed al naked / And she forweped and forwaked / was wery and thus the ded slepe / Fil on hir [...]

c. 1368, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Book of the Duchess, as recorded c. 1440–1450 in Bodleian Library MS. Fairfax 16, folio 131, recto

Her women picked her up straightaway, and brought her to bed naked, and she, having wept a great deal, and tired from lack of sleep, was weary, and thus sleep, like death, seized on her.

I wote so forwakyd / is none in this shyre: / I wold slepe if I takyd / les to my hyere

15th c., “Alia eorundem [Shepherds' Play II]”, in Wakefield Mystery Plays; Re-edited in George England, Alfred W. Pollard, editors, The Towneley Plays (Early English Text Society Extra Series; LXXI), London: […] Oxford University Press, 1897, →OCLC, page 124:

I think no one in this shire is so tired by lack of sleep [as I am]. I would sleep if I were paid less.

Tired by lack of sleep; suffering from sleeplessness.


bachelrye

And of his retenue the bachelrye,
With many a sown of sondry melodye
Un to the village, of the which I tolde,
In this array the righte wey han holde.

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The [Clerkys] Tale [of Oxenford]”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 177, recto:


curtine

English: curtain

Borrowed from Old French cortine. First attested ca. 1330.


church-hay

Yola: chourch-hey, chourch hey


Sparow

English: Sparrow

Yola: Sparrowe


nesethirl

Yola: nizterels, niztrols (plural)

From Old English næsþyrel; equivalent to nese + thirl.


Belmarye

Formerly identified with the Moroccan kingdom of Bel Marini, it is now considered a variant of Almeria.

At Gernade at the siege eke had he be
Of Algesir, and ridden in Belmarie.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Prologue”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; Charles Cowden Clarke, editor, The Canterbury Tales of Chaucer. […], 2nd edition, volume I, Edinburgh: James Nichol; London: James Nisbet & Co.; Dublin: W. Robertson, 1860, →OCLC, page 3, lines 56-57:

He had also been in Grenada at the siege
Of Algeciras, and had ridden in Almeria.


beflugged

From Proto-West Germanic *fleugan, from Proto-Germanic *fleuganą, from Proto-Indo-European *plewk-.

Unclear hapax legomenon from Piers Plowman. Potentially means elevated or on high.


woten

English: wot

Yola: 'ote


a-high

English: ahigh

Yola: a heighe


tarien

tarien (infinitive)
to tarien (infinitive)
tarie (infinitive)
tarie (first-person present singular)
taried (first-person past singular)
tariest (present second-person singular)
tariedest (past second-person singular)
tarieth (present singular third-person)
taried (past singular third-person)
tarie (present singular subjunctive)
taried (past singular subjunctive)
tarie (imperative present singular)
tarien (plural present)
tarie (plural present)
tarieden (past plural)
tariede (past plural)
tarieth (imperative plural present)
tarie (imperative plural present)
tariynge (participle present)
tariende (participle present)
taried (participle past)
ytaried (participle past)

Yola: thar

Borrowed from Old French tariier, tarier.


bismeoruwed

English: besmear

Yola: besmorth (preterite)

From Old English besmierwan; equivalent to bi- + smeren.


Iair

English: Jair

Scots: Jair

From Old English Iāirus, from Latin Iaīrus, from Ancient Greek Ἰάϊρος (Iáïros), from Biblical Hebrew יָאִיר (yāʾîr, literally “he will light up”)


nostrille

English: nostril


extenden

extenden (infinitive)
to extenden (infinitive)
extende (infinitive)
extende (first-person present singular)
extended (first-person past singular)
extendest (present second-person singular)
extendedest (past second-person singular)
extendeth (present singular third-person)
extended (past singular third-person)
extende (present singular subjunctive)
extended (past singular subjunctive)
extende (imperative present singular)
extenden (plural present)
extende (plural present)
extendeden (past plural)
extendede (past plural)
extendeth (imperative plural present)
extende (imperative plural present)
extendynge (participle present)
extendende (participle present)
extended (participle past)

English: extend

⇒ Yola: ee-stent (ppl.)

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman extendre, estendre, from Latin extendō (“I stretch out”).


ichave

English: chave

Yola: 'cha, ch'ave


auntren

enm-verb

auntren (third-person singular simple present auntreth, present participle auntrende, auntrynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle auntred)

auntreth (present singular third-person)
auntrende (participle present)
auntrynge (participle present)
auntred (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)

Borrowed from Old French aventurer with the suffixation of -en (infinitive forming suffix). Related to English adventure, venture and Middle English aventure, auntrous.

He auntred him and has his nedes sped,
 And I lie as draf-sek in my bed.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “(please specify the story)”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, lines 4205-4206:

(also reflexive) to undertake, try, take a chance


everydel

From everich／every + del (“a part, thing”).

Whan he hadde found his firste mansioun,
 He knew the remenaunt by proporcioun,
 And knew the arising of his moone wel,
 And in whos face, and terme, and everydel, [...]

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “(please specify the story)”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, line 1288:


everydel

'[...] Ne make werre upon me, night nor day,
 But been my freendes in al that ye may,
 I yow foryeve this trespas everydel'

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “(please specify the story)”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, lines 1823-1825:


gentilman

English: gentleman

Yola: gentleman


Giffard

English: Giffard

Yola: Geffardth


span-neue

English: span-new

Scots: spang-new

Borrowed from Old Norse spān-nȳr (“new chips; fresh shavings”), with influence from neue.

bor+

Þe cok bigan of him to rewe, And bouthe him cloþes, al spannewe.

The cook began to pity him, and bought him brand new clothes.


etynge

English: eating

Yola: atheen


fassynge

Yola: fousthen, fousteen, fausteen


latly

English: lately

Yola: laately

late + -ly. Compare Old English lætīċe (“slowly, tardily”).


glisteren

enm-verb

glisteren (third-person singular simple present glistereth, present participle glisterende, glisterynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle glistered)

glistereth (present singular third-person)
glisterende (participle present)
glisterynge (participle present)
glistered (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)

English: glister


chamber foreign

chambre forene
chambre forene#Middle_English


winkin

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of wynken


wynken

wynken (third-person singular simple present wynketh, present participle wynkende, wynkynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle wynked)

wynketh (present singular third-person)
wynkende (participle present)
wynkynge (participle present)
wynked (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
wynken (infinitive)
to wynken (infinitive)
wynke (infinitive)
wynke (first-person present singular)
wynked (first-person past singular)
wynkest (present second-person singular)
wynkedest (past second-person singular)
wynketh (present singular third-person)
wynked (past singular third-person)
wynke (present singular subjunctive)
wynked (past singular subjunctive)
wynke (imperative present singular)
wynken (plural present)
wynke (plural present)
wynkeden (past plural)
wynkede (past plural)
wynketh (imperative plural present)
wynke (imperative plural present)
wynkynge (participle present)
wynkende (participle present)
wynked (participle past)

English: wink

Scots: wink

From Old English wincian, from Proto-West Germanic *winkōn. Compare wyncen.


wyncen

wyncen (third-person singular simple present wynketh, present participle wynkende, wynkynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle wynked)

wynketh (present singular third-person)
wynkende (participle present)
wynkynge (participle present)
wynked (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
wyncen (infinitive)
to wyncen (infinitive)
wynce (infinitive)
wynce (first-person present singular)
wynced (first-person past singular)
wyncest (present second-person singular)
wyncedest (past second-person singular)
wynceth (present singular third-person)
wynced (past singular third-person)
wynce (present singular subjunctive)
wynced (past singular subjunctive)
wynce (imperative present singular)
wyncen (plural present)
wynce (plural present)
wynceden (past plural)
wyncede (past plural)
wynceth (imperative plural present)
wynce (imperative plural present)
wyncynge (participle present)
wyncende (participle present)
wynced (participle past)

English: wince

Scots: wince, winch

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman winchir and Old French guencier, from Proto-West Germanic *wankijan. Compare wynken.


ȝeoc

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of yok


swepen

swepen (third-person singular simple present swepeth, present participle swepynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative swepte, past participle swept)

swepeth (present singular third-person)
swepynge (participle present)
swepte (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
swept (participle past)
swepen (infinitive)
to swepen (infinitive)
swepe (infinitive)
swepe (first-person present singular)
swepte (first-person past singular)
sweped (first-person past singular)
swepest (present second-person singular)
sweptest (past second-person singular)
swepedest (past second-person singular)
swepeth (present singular third-person)
swepte (past singular third-person)
sweped (past singular third-person)
swepe (present singular subjunctive)
swepte (past singular subjunctive)
sweped (past singular subjunctive)
swepe (imperative present singular)
swepen (plural present)
swepe (plural present)
swepten (past plural)
swepte (past plural)
swepeden (past plural)
swepede (past plural)
swepeth (imperative plural present)
swepe (imperative plural present)
swepynge (participle present)
swepende (participle present)
swept (participle past)
sweped (participle past)
yswept (participle past)
ysweped (participle past)

English: sweep

Scots: sweep

Not known before the 14th century, but usually considered to be from Old English *swēpan, *swǣpan, from Proto-West Germanic *swaipijan, from Proto-Germanic *swaipijaną.
Derivation from Old English swipian (with open-syllable lengthening) or swēop, past participle of swāpan is also possible; these sources may have reinforced a rare *swēpan.

(transitive, intransitive) To sweep (something); to stroke with a broom:

(transitive, religion) To cleanse or purge evil influences.

(usually transitive) To remove or eradicate; to strike off.

(transitive, intransitive, poetic, uncommon) To speed up or impel.


swippen

swippen (third-person singular simple present swippeth, present participle swippynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative swipte, past participle swipt)

swippeth (present singular third-person)
swippynge (participle present)
swipte (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
swipt (participle past)
swippen (infinitive)
to swippen (infinitive)
swippe (first-person present singular)
swipte (first-person past singular)
swippest (present second-person singular)
swiptest (past second-person singular)
swippeth (present singular third-person)
swipte (past singular third-person)
swippe (present singular subjunctive)
swipte (past singular subjunctive)
swippe (imperative present singular)
swippen (plural present)
swippe (plural present)
swipten (past plural)
swipte (past plural)
swippeth (imperative plural present)
swippe (imperative plural present)
swippynge (participle present)
swippende (participle present)
swipt (participle past)
yswipt (participle past)

English: swip

>? English: swipe

Scots: soop

Inherited from Old English swipian, from Proto-West Germanic *swippjan; compare swepen and swopen.

(with preposition) To strike, hit or attack.

(transitive, religion) To move with haste; to speed.


mayde child

English: maid child

Yola: michel


me thinketh

Me thinketh accordant to reson
To tellen you al the condicion

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “(please specify the story)”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:

To me it seems reasonable
 To tell you all the condition


wyndwyng

English: winnowing

Yola: winnooween


settynge

English: setting

Yola: zetteen


shipwrak

English: shipwreck

Yola: zhiprocke

From Old English sċipwræc, equivalent to ship + wrake.


woolde

(Late Middle English) Alternative form of wold


ronage

English: rummage

Yola: rumcht (preterite)

From Old French arrumage (compare French arrimage), from arrumer (“to arrange the cargo in the hold”).

Accomodation or arrangement of cargo in a ship, stowage.


gyngle

And whan he rood, men myghte his brydel heere
Gynglen in a whistlynge wynd als cleere

[1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “Here Bygynneth the Book of the Tales of Caunt́burẏ”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D) (in Middle English), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio iv, recto:

And when he rode, you could hear his bridle
jingle in a whistling wind as clearly


poken

poken (infinitive)
to poken (infinitive)
poke (infinitive)
poke (first-person present singular)
poked (first-person past singular)
pokest (present second-person singular)
pokedest (past second-person singular)
poketh (present singular third-person)
poked (past singular third-person)
poke (present singular subjunctive)
poked (past singular subjunctive)
poke (imperative present singular)
poken (plural present)
poke (plural present)
pokeden (past plural)
pokede (past plural)
poketh (imperative plural present)
poke (imperative plural present)
pokynge (participle present)
pokende (participle present)
poked (participle past)
ypoked (participle past)

English: poke

Yola: pooked (preterite)

Perhaps from Middle Dutch poken or Middle Low German poken, both from Proto-West Germanic *pukōn or similar, which is itself of uncertain origin.


mildeu

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of myldew


myldewe

(Late Middle English) Alternative form of myldew


myldew

desctree

English: mildew
→ Catalan: míldiu
→ French: mildiou
→ Portuguese: míldio
→ Spanish: mildiu

From Old English mildēaw, meledēaw (“honeydew”), from Proto-West Germanic *milidauw; compare dew.


Spivi

English: Spivey


maym

English: mayhem; (obsolete) maim

Middle Scots: menȝe, manȝe

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman mahaim, alteration of Old French mahaing, mehaing after Frankish *hammjan (“to restrict”). Forms with /n/ continue the unaltered Old French form.


maymen

enm-verb

maymen (third-person singular simple present maymeth, present participle maymende, maymynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle maymed)

maymeth (present singular third-person)
maymende (participle present)
maymynge (participle present)
maymed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
maymen (infinitive)
to maymen (infinitive)
mayme (infinitive)
mayme (first-person present singular)
maymed (first-person past singular)
maymest (present second-person singular)
maymedest (past second-person singular)
maymeth (present singular third-person)
maymed (past singular third-person)
mayme (present singular subjunctive)
maymed (past singular subjunctive)
mayme (imperative present singular)
maymen (plural present)
mayme (plural present)
maymeden (past plural)
maymede (past plural)
maymeth (imperative plural present)
mayme (imperative plural present)
maymynge (participle present)
maymende (participle present)
maymed (participle past)
ymaymed (participle past)

English: maim

Middle Scots: mainȝie, menȝe

Scots: meingyie (obsolete)

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman mahaimer, alteration of Old French mahaignier, mehaignier after Frankish *hammjan (“to restrict”); thus equivalent to maym (“injury”) + -en (infinitival suffix). Forms with /n/, /ɳ/ continue the unaltered Old French form.

af

To maim; to physically injure as to impair.


astrologye

a pore scoler / had lerned art but al his fantasye / was torned for to lerne astrologye […].

c. 1390, Geoffrey Chaucer, Canterbury Tales, Harleian manuscript

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


pardonere

c. 1390: Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales (Prologue)

With him there rode a gentle pardonere / Of Ronceval, his friend and his compere, / That straight was comen from the court of Rome.
(please add an English translation of this quotation)


tormentrye

Thou seist to me, it is a greet meschief
To wedde a povre womman, for costage;
And if that she be riche, of heigh parage,
Than seistow that it is a tormentrye

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Wife of Bath's Prologue, The Canterbury Tales, line 248-252

Thou sayest to me it is a great misfortune
To wed a poor woman, because of expense;
And if she be rich, of high birth,
Then thou sayest that it is a torment
To put up with her pride and her angry moods.

Anything producing torment, annoyance, or pain.


thurgh thikke and thurgh thenne

Toward the fen / ther wilde Mares renne / fforth with wehee / thurgh thikke and thurgh thenne [...]

c. 1390, Geoffrey Chaucer, "The Reeve's Tale", Canterbury Tales, Ellesmere ms


misgon

ther is a ful noble way, and ful covenable, which may not faile to man ne to womman, that thorugh synne hath mysgon fro the right way of Jerusalem celestial [...].


pecunyal

If any person wolde upon hem playne / There might aſterte hem no pecunyal payne

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Freres Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, folio xliii, recto, column 2:

If any person were to inform upon him, it would certainly / be impossible to escape the painful monetary consequences


cowent

(East Anglia, Late Middle English) Alternative form of covent


cliket

He wol no wight suffre bere the keye Saue he hym self for of the smal wyket He bar alwey of siluer a clyket.

c. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales: The Merchant's Tale:


uncunninge

But if ye Muses hadden withdrawen fro me, with your flateryes, any uncunninge and unprofitable man, as men ben wont to finde comunly amonges the poeple

c. 1382 (date written), Geffray Chaucer [i.e., Geoffrey Chaucer], “Boetius de consolatione Philosophie”, in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London: […] Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], published 1542, →OCLC:


aquiten

Therwyth al roſy hewed tho woxe ſhe / And gan to hym, and ſayd, ſo I trowe / Aquyte him wel for goddes loue (q[uo]d he) / My ſelfe to medes wol the lettre ſowe […]

c. 1380s, [Geoffrey Chaucer, William Caxton, editor], The Double Sorow of Troylus to Telle Kyng Pryamus Sone of Troye … [Troilus and Criseyde], [Westminster]: Explicit per Caxton, published 1482, →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], book II, [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, folio clxxix, verso, column 1, line 1200:


wreien

1387-1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, "The Franklin's Tale", Canterbury Tales
no thyng dorste he seye, / Save in his songes somwhat wolde he wreye / His wo

Thou shalt upon thy trouthe swere me heere
That to no wight thou shalt this conseil wreye.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Myllers Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:


grynne

c. 14th century, unknown author (originally attributed to Geoffrey Chaucer), Remedy of Love
Like a bridde that hasteth to the grynne.


baillif

English: bailiff

Scots: bailie

Yola: baalee

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman and Old French bailif (plural bailis), probably from Vulgar Latin *bāiulivus (“castellan”), from Latin bāiulus (“porter, steward”).


trenket

English: trinket

Probably from an Old French dialectal form of trenchier (“to cut”).

A cordwainer's knife or similar curved blade meant for leatherworking, often one joined with an elsen.

(countable, collective) An association of cordwainers; the collective noun for cordwainers.


reȝȝn

(Ormulum) Alternative form of reyn (“rain”)


ræin

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of reyn (“rain”)


reynbowe

English: rainbow

Scots: rainbow

From Old English reġnboga, from Proto-West Germanic *regnabogō, from Proto-Germanic *regnabugô; equivalent to reyn (“rain”) + bowe (“bow”).

rainbow (multicoloured arch created by the reflection of rain)


reyny

English: rainy

Scots: rainy

From Old English reġniġ, from Proto-West Germanic *regnag, from Proto-Germanic *regnagaz; equivalent to reyn (“rain”) + -y.

(by extension) Pertaining to or tending to experience rain.


attren

enm-verb

attren (third-person singular simple present attreth, present participle attrende, attrynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle attred)

attreth (present singular third-person)
attrende (participle present)
attrynge (participle present)
attred (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
attren (infinitive)
to attren (infinitive)
attre (infinitive)
attre (first-person present singular)
attred (first-person past singular)
attrest (present second-person singular)
attredest (past second-person singular)
attreth (present singular third-person)
attred (past singular third-person)
attre (present singular subjunctive)
attred (past singular subjunctive)
attre (imperative present singular)
attren (plural present)
attre (plural present)
attreden (past plural)
attrede (past plural)
attreth (imperative plural present)
attre (imperative plural present)
attrynge (participle present)
attrende (participle present)
attred (participle past)
yattred (participle past)

English: atter

desc

vocalism may be due to influence from Old Norse <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">eitra</i>

Scots: etter (vocalism may be due to influence from Old Norse eitra)

Inherited from Old English ǣtrian, ǣttrian, from Proto-West Germanic *aitrōn, from Proto-Germanic *aitrōną; equivalent to atter (“poison”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


orisonte

English: horizon

Middle Scots: orizon, orizont

Borrowed from Middle French horizon, horizonte, from Old French orisonte, orison, from Latin horizōn, from Ancient Greek ὁρίζων (horízōn).

University of Michigan
w:University of Michigan

The horizon (point where the sky seems to disappear)

(astronomy) The circle indicating the horizon on an astrolabe.


chaffere

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of chaffare


chaffare

English: chaffer (obsolete)

From Old English *ċēapfaru; equivalent to chep + fare. Compare Old Norse kaupfǫr.

Commercial or mercantile activity; trading.

A transaction or trade; the act of exchanging.

(figurative) A desirable quality or attribute in an individual.


chaffaren

enm-verb

chaffaren (third-person singular simple present chaffareth, present participle chaffarende, chaffarynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle chaffared)

chaffareth (present singular third-person)
chaffarende (participle present)
chaffarynge (participle present)
chaffared (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
chaffaren (infinitive)
to chaffaren (infinitive)
chaffare (infinitive)
chaffare (first-person present singular)
chaffared (first-person past singular)
chaffarest (present second-person singular)
chaffaredest (past second-person singular)
chaffareth (present singular third-person)
chaffared (past singular third-person)
chaffare (present singular subjunctive)
chaffared (past singular subjunctive)
chaffare (imperative present singular)
chaffaren (plural present)
chaffare (plural present)
chaffareden (past plural)
chaffarede (past plural)
chaffareth (imperative plural present)
chaffare (imperative plural present)
chaffarynge (participle present)
chaffarende (participle present)
chaffared (participle past)
ychaffared (participle past)

English: chaffer

From chaffare (“trade”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

(transitive, intransitive) To trade or exchange.

(transitive, rare, usually with of) To trade in return for profit.


conqueren

enm-verb

conqueren (third-person singular simple present conquereth, present participle conquerende, conquerynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle conquered)

conquereth (present singular third-person)
conquerende (participle present)
conquerynge (participle present)
conquered (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
conqueren (infinitive)
to conqueren (infinitive)
conquere (infinitive)
conquere (first-person present singular)
conquered (first-person past singular)
conquerde (first-person past singular)
conquerest (present second-person singular)
conqueredest (past second-person singular)
conquerdest (past second-person singular)
conquereth (present singular third-person)
conquered (past singular third-person)
conquerde (past singular third-person)
conquere (present singular subjunctive)
conquered (past singular subjunctive)
conquerde (past singular subjunctive)
conquere (imperative present singular)
conqueren (plural present)
conquere (plural present)
conquereden (past plural)
conquerede (past plural)
conquerden (past plural)
conquerde (past plural)
conquereth (imperative plural present)
conquere (imperative plural present)
conquerynge (participle present)
conquerende (participle present)
conquered (participle past)

English: conquer

Middle Scots: conquer, conquere

Borrowed from Old French conquerre, from Latin conquaerō, conquīrō.

To obtain, win or garner (outside of war)

(rare) To obtain control over an emotion.

(rare) To accomplish; to be successful in.


wrongwis

From Old English wrongwīs, wrangwīs (“wrongous, rough, uneven”).


kyrkgarth

Cognate with Old Norse kirkjugarðr. Possibly inherited from Old English *ċiriċġeard, from ċiriċe + ġeard.


grundeswulie

grundeswülie (canonical)
grundeswulies (plural)


schyrsche wordeyn

enm-noun

schyrsche wordeyn (plural schyrsche wordeyns)


wardanscipp

(Late Middle English) Alternative spelling of wardenship


schyrsche

Item, to genet manyturne for a lampe yt servyt yn ye boke of ye schyrsche, i d. ob..Item, for a quart of lampe oyle at halowyntyde to serve wyt the lampe yn the boke of the schyrsche, iiij d

1449, Acc.St.Mary Thame in BBOAJ 8, page 72:


par auenture

par aventure
par aventure#Middle_English


peraventure

English: peradventure


afternone

English: afternoon


briaunt

From Old French bruiant (“noisy”), present participle of Old French bruir (“to burn”).


brustel

English: brusle


coolwort

English: colewort


-edest

loven (“to love”) + -edest → lovedest (“you loved”)

Used to form the second-person singular preterite indicative of weak verbs


eaa

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of ee


mysesed

English: miseased

suffering, in pain; having discomfort or misery; troubled


wrse

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of worse


wursin

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of worsen


chæpmon

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of chapman


werrest

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of worst


schereman

English: shearman


cownt

Alternative form of counte (“computation”)


countour

English: counter, compter

Scots: counter, coonter

Borrowed from Old French conteor and Middle French contoir; equivalent to counte (“computation”) + -our.

An accountant; a financial recordkeeper.

A calculator or computer (person who performs arithmetic)

A metal counter or disk, especially one used in accounting.

(rare) A building or part of one for keeping accounts.


criour

English: crier

Scots: crier

Borrowed from Old French crieor; equivalent to crien (“to yell”) + -our.

An individual employed to make public proclamations.


acounten

enm-verb

acounten (third-person singular simple present acounteth, present participle acountende, acountynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle acounted)

acounteth (present singular third-person)
acountende (participle present)
acountynge (participle present)
acounted (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
acounten (infinitive)
to acounten (infinitive)
acounte (infinitive)
acounte (first-person present singular)
acounted (first-person past singular)
acountest (present second-person singular)
acountedest (past second-person singular)
acounteth (present singular third-person)
acounted (past singular third-person)
acounte (present singular subjunctive)
acounted (past singular subjunctive)
acounte (imperative present singular)
acounten (plural present)
acounte (plural present)
acounteden (past plural)
acountede (past plural)
acounteth (imperative plural present)
acounte (imperative plural present)
acountynge (participle present)
acountende (participle present)
acounted (participle past)

English: account, accompt

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman acounter, aconter; equivalent to acounte (“account”) + -en (infinitival suffix) or a- + counten (“to count”).

af

To measure or calculate (especially time):

To count (enumerate; give the number of)

To narrate or recount; to provide an accounting:

To maintain or provide accounts of finances.

(rare) To count as or consider a member of a group.


counten

enm-verb

counten (third-person singular simple present counteth, present participle countende, countynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle counted)

counteth (present singular third-person)
countende (participle present)
countynge (participle present)
counted (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
counten (infinitive)
to counten (infinitive)
counte (infinitive)
counte (first-person present singular)
counted (first-person past singular)
countest (present second-person singular)
countedest (past second-person singular)
counteth (present singular third-person)
counted (past singular third-person)
counte (present singular subjunctive)
counted (past singular subjunctive)
counte (imperative present singular)
counten (plural present)
counte (plural present)
counteden (past plural)
countede (past plural)
counteth (imperative plural present)
counte (imperative plural present)
countynge (participle present)
countende (participle present)
counted (participle past)
ycounted (participle past)

English: count

Scots: coont, count

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman counter, conter, from Latin computō; equivalent to counte (“computation”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

To count; to analyse or consider as a member of a group.


alacrite

English: alacrity

From Latin alacritās, from alacer (“brisk”) + -itās (“-ity”).


seaþe

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of schethe (“sheath”)


shethe

Alternative form of schethe (“plough part”)


schethere

English: sheather

/ˈʃɛːðər(ə)/


computacioun

English: computation

Borrowed from Middle French computation or its etymon Latin computātiō (“computation”), from computō (“to compute”); compare counten.

Computation, calculation (of time or in arithmetic or astronomy).

Enumeration; the act of calculating quantity.


criþe

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of crien


a gate

English: agate


pouten

enm-verb

pouten (third-person singular simple present pouteth, present participle poutende, poutynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle pouted)

pouteth (present singular third-person)
poutende (participle present)
poutynge (participle present)
pouted (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
counten (infinitive)
to counten (infinitive)
counte (first-person present singular)
counted (first-person past singular)
countest (present second-person singular)
countedest (past second-person singular)
counteth (present singular third-person)
counted (past singular third-person)
counte (present singular subjunctive)
counted (past singular subjunctive)
counte (imperative present singular)
counten (plural present)
counte (plural present)
counteden (past plural)
countede (past plural)
counteth (imperative plural present)
counte (imperative plural present)
countynge (participle present)
countende (participle present)
counted (participle past)
ycounted (participle past)

English: pout

Probably borrowed from North Germanic, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *pūtō (“swollen”).


shev

(glassblowing, obsolete) A fourteenth-century unit of glass.


colmose

English: coalmouse

From Old English colmāse (“coalmouse”), from Proto-West Germanic *kolamaisā. Equivalent to coule + (tit)mose.


preesteresse

English: priestress

From prestre + -esse, from prestre (“priest”; from Middle French prestre) + -esse (“-ess”), and Middle French prestresse.


schruden

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of schryden


birthe

English: birth


louken

(Also spelled lowken.) From Old English lūcan (“to pluck out, pull up”), from Proto-West Germanic *lūkan, from Proto-Germanic *lūkaną, *leukaną (“to break, pluck, pull”), from Proto-Indo-European *lūǵ- (“to break”). Cognate with Middle Low German lūken (“to pull, pull up”), German liechen (“to pluck”), Danish luge (“to hatch”), Latin luctor (“wrestle, fight”, verb).


mareffownde

(Late Middle English) Alternative form of mareffownd


mareffownd

English: (noun) morfound


morfounden

morfounden (infinitive)
to morfounden (infinitive)
morfounde (infinitive)
morfounde (first-person present singular)
morfounded (first-person past singular)
morfoundest (present second-person singular)
morfoundedest (past second-person singular)
morfoundeth (present singular third-person)
morfounded (past singular third-person)
morfounde (present singular subjunctive)
morfounded (past singular subjunctive)
morfounde (imperative present singular)
morfounden (plural present)
morfounde (plural present)
morfoundeden (past plural)
morfoundede (past plural)
morfoundeth (imperative plural present)
morfounde (imperative plural present)
morfoundynge (participle present)
morfoundende (participle present)
morfounded (participle past)
ymorfounded (participle past)

English: morfound

From Middle French morfondre (“to chill, to cool”), from Franco-Provençal mor, more (“snout”) + Middle French fondre (“to melt”), where the first part comes from Vulgar Latin *murrum (“muzzle, snout”), and the second from Latin fundere.

bor

(Late Middle English) to suffer from coldness or catarrh.


shipbreche

From Old English scipbryċe, scipbroc, scipġebroc (“shipwreck; that which washes ashore from shipwreck, wreckage”, literally “ship-breaking”). Equivalent to ship + breche.


momurdotes

From mameren (“to mumble”) + dote (“idiot”).

A dazed state, almost resembling idiocy.


memeren

memeren (infinitive)
to memeren (infinitive)
memere (infinitive)
memere (first-person present singular)
memered (first-person past singular)
memerest (present second-person singular)
memeredest (past second-person singular)
memereth (present singular third-person)
memered (past singular third-person)
memere (present singular subjunctive)
memered (past singular subjunctive)
memere (imperative present singular)
memeren (plural present)
memere (plural present)
memereden (past plural)
memerede (past plural)
memereth (imperative plural present)
memere (imperative plural present)
memerynge (participle present)
memerende (participle present)
memered (participle past)
ymemered (participle past)


mameren

mameren (infinitive)
to mameren (infinitive)
mamere (infinitive)
mamere (first-person present singular)
mamered (first-person past singular)
mamerest (present second-person singular)
mameredest (past second-person singular)
mamereth (present singular third-person)
mamered (past singular third-person)
mamere (present singular subjunctive)
mamered (past singular subjunctive)
mamere (imperative present singular)
mameren (plural present)
mamere (plural present)
mamereden (past plural)
mamerede (past plural)
mamereth (imperative plural present)
mamere (imperative plural present)
mamerynge (participle present)
mamerende (participle present)
mamered (participle past)
ymamered (participle past)

English: mammer, momurdotes


amorteisen

amorteisen (infinitive)
to amorteisen (infinitive)
amorteise (infinitive)
amorteise (first-person present singular)
amorteised (first-person past singular)
amorteisest (present second-person singular)
amorteisedest (past second-person singular)
amorteiseth (present singular third-person)
amorteised (past singular third-person)
amorteise (present singular subjunctive)
amorteised (past singular subjunctive)
amorteise (imperative present singular)
amorteisen (plural present)
amorteise (plural present)
amorteiseden (past plural)
amorteisede (past plural)
amorteiseth (imperative plural present)
amorteise (imperative plural present)
amorteisynge (participle present)
amorteisende (participle present)
amorteised (participle past)
yamorteised (participle past)


keyle

English: kayles

Yola: keillès, keilès


amortisen

amortisen (infinitive)
to amortisen (infinitive)
amortise (infinitive)
amortise (first-person present singular)
amortised (first-person past singular)
amortisest (present second-person singular)
amortisedest (past second-person singular)
amortiseth (present singular third-person)
amortised (past singular third-person)
amortise (present singular subjunctive)
amortised (past singular subjunctive)
amortise (imperative present singular)
amortisen (plural present)
amortise (plural present)
amortiseden (past plural)
amortisede (past plural)
amortiseth (imperative plural present)
amortise (imperative plural present)
amortisynge (participle present)
amortisende (participle present)
amortised (participle past)
yamortised (participle past)

English: amortize

From Old French amortir (via the stem amortiss-), from Vulgar Latin *admortīre, derived from Latin mortuus (“dead”).


calketrappe

enm-noun

calketrappe (plural calketrappes or calketrappen)

calketrappes (plural)
calketrappen (plural)

English: caltrop, caltrap (archaic)

Inherited from Old English *calcatræppe (attested as coltetræppe), variant of calcatrippe (“caltrop”), from Medieval Latin calcatrappa, calcatrippa.


caroyne

English: carrion

Scots: carrion

Borrowed from Old Northern French caroigne, carogne, from Vulgar Latin *carōnia. Variants with /æi̯/ probably represent the initial stage of vowel reduction; compare Boleyne, Coleyne, variants of Boloyne (“Boulogne”), Coloyne (“Cologne”).

bor+

(derogatory) That which lacks value or inspires disgust.


rewayn

desc

English: rowen, roughings, rowet, rowett, rowings

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman rewain, variant of regain; other than the dialectal development of /ɔu̯/ to /au̯/, the variation in pronunciation apparently reflects variation in Old French.

Rowen, aftermath; the second crop of hay.


Coloyne

English: Cologne (pronunciation remodelled after modern French)

→? Welsh: Cwlen

Middle Welsh: Cwlwyn

Borrowed from Old French Coloigne, Cologne, from Latin Colōnia (Agrippīna). For the phonological development, see caroyne (“corpse, carrion”).

Cologne (a city in northwestern Germany)


Boloyne

English: Boulogne (pronunciation remodelled after modern French); Boleyn

→ Middle Welsh: Bwlwyn

Borrowed from Old French Boloigne, Bouloigne, from Late Latin Bolōnia, variant of earlier Bonōnia. For the phonological development, see caroyne (“corpse, carrion”).

Boulogne-sur-Mer (a city in northern France)

A surname from the place name, equivalent to English Boleyn.


for-sobbed

Tyll on slepynge that he fell swore

16th century, "The Bodily Fragments of Sir Lamwell" in Bishop Percy's Folio Manuscript, page 523


ronners

Fleshly janglers, flatterers and blamers, ronkers and ronners, and all manner of pinchers, cared I never that they saw this book

14th century, The Cloud of Unknowing, Chapter 74


forsobbed

sit full still, as it were in a sleeping device, all forsobbed and forsunken in sorrow.

14th century, The Cloud of Unknowing, Chapter 44

Tyll on slepynge that he fell swore


croh

English: croh

Fingallian: croge

From Old English crōg, from Proto-West Germanic *krōgu, from Proto-Germanic *krōguz.


unchaungeable

English: unchangeable

Unchangeable; unchanging or unable to change.


chaungere

English: changer

From chaungen (“to change”) + -er and Old French changeor; thus also equivalent to chaungen + -our.

A moneychanger; an individual who changes money.


eschaungen

enm-verb

eschaungen (third-person singular simple present eschaungeth, present participle eschaungende, eschaungynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle eschaunged)

eschaungeth (present singular third-person)
eschaungende (participle present)
eschaungynge (participle present)
eschaunged (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
eschaungen (infinitive)
to eschaungen (infinitive)
eschaunge (first-person present singular)
eschaunged (first-person past singular)
eschaungest (present second-person singular)
eschaungedest (past second-person singular)
eschaungeth (present singular third-person)
eschaunged (past singular third-person)
eschaunge (present singular subjunctive)
eschaunged (past singular subjunctive)
eschaunge (imperative present singular)
eschaungen (plural present)
eschaunge (plural present)
eschaungeden (past plural)
eschaungede (past plural)
eschaungeth (imperative plural present)
eschaunge (imperative plural present)
eschaungynge (participle present)
eschaungende (participle present)
eschaunged (participle past)

English: exchange

/ɛsˈt͡ʃaːnd͡ʒən/

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman eschaungier (continental Old French eschangier), from Late Latin *excambiāre; equivalent to eschaunge (“exchange”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


midwif

English: midwife


midwomman

>? English: midwoman

Blend of midwif + womman. Equivalent to mid (“with”) + womman.


transgressen

English: transgress

From Old French transgresser and Latin transgressus, past participle of transgredī.

(Late Middle English) to transgress; to commit an offense; to sin.


digge

Yola: dig


sloveyn

English: sloven

Yola: slouveen

From Middle Flemish sloovin (“a scold”).

(Late Middle English) An immoral woman, slut; knave, rascal.


Thomme

English: Tom

Scots: Tam

Yola: Tam


famylye

English: family

Yola: vamilee


fraccioun

English: fraction


hoveren

English: hover

Probably from hoven (“hover; of a bird: to fly high in the air, soar”) (which it displaced) + -er- (frequentative suffix).

hover (hang around or linger in a place or around someone)


sweyen

sweyen (infinitive)
to sweyen (infinitive)
sweye (infinitive)
sweye (first-person present singular)
sweyed (first-person past singular)
sweyest (present second-person singular)
sweyedest (past second-person singular)
sweyeth (present singular third-person)
sweyed (past singular third-person)
sweye (present singular subjunctive)
sweyed (past singular subjunctive)
sweye (imperative present singular)
sweyen (plural present)
sweye (plural present)
sweyeden (past plural)
sweyede (past plural)
sweyeth (imperative plural present)
sweye (imperative plural present)
sweyynge (participle present)
sweyende (participle present)
sweyed (participle past)
ysweyed (participle past)

English: sway

Scots: swey

Yola: zwae

Borrowed from Old Norse sveigja, from Proto-Germanic *swaigijaną.


bulimong

English: bullimong

Compound of bole (“bull”) + imong (“mixture”).

com+

bullimong, a mixture of oats, barley, etc. sown to provide cattle feed


remitten

English: remit

(transitive) to give up, relinquish (something)

(transitive) to remit, forgive (a debt or other obligation)

(transitive) to forgive, pardon (a sin or offense)

(transitive) to release (someone) from some obligation, to discharge

(transitive) to control, moderate (strong emotion)

(intransitive, with of) (of a quality) to be diminished

(transitive) to refer (someone) to a source of information (e.g. a person or book)

(transitive) to send (someone) back to prison

(transitive) to refer (something) for consideration (typically by an authority)

(transitive, law) to restore (someone) to a title


haggen

haggen (infinitive)
to haggen (infinitive)
hagge (infinitive)
hagge (first-person present singular)
hagged (first-person past singular)
haggest (present second-person singular)
haggedest (past second-person singular)
haggeth (present singular third-person)
hagged (past singular third-person)
hagge (present singular subjunctive)
hagged (past singular subjunctive)
hagge (imperative present singular)
haggen (plural present)
hagge (plural present)
haggeden (past plural)
haggede (past plural)
haggeth (imperative plural present)
hagge (imperative plural present)
haggynge (participle present)
haggende (participle present)
hagged (participle past)
yhagged (participle past)

English: hag

Yola: haghed (preterite)


tripet

English: trippet

Yola: trippeathès (plural)


glenchen

English: glance

A blend of:
* Old French glacier, glachier, glaichier (“to slide; to slip”) (whence also Middle English glacen (“of a blow: to strike obliquely, glance; to glide”)), from glace (“frozen water, ice”) (from Vulgar Latin *glacia, from Latin glaciēs (“ice”), of uncertain origin, + -ier (suffix forming infinitives of first-conjugation verbs); and
* Old French guenchir, ganchir (“to avoid; to change direction; to elude, evade”) [and other forms], from Proto-West Germanic *wankijan (“to move aside; to stagger, sway; to wave”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *weng- (“to bend”).

der

(intransitive) (of a weapon) to glance, graze (not deliver the full effect of a blow)


sedatif

English: sedative

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman sedatif or Medieval Latin sēdātīvus. First attested in c. 1425.


quyl

English: quill

Yola: quiel laaune

Compare Middle High German kil (“large feather, quill”), which is derived from the Low German term.


pouren

English: pour

Perhaps from Old Northern French purer (“to sift (grain), pour out (water)”), from Latin pūrō (“to purify”), from pūrus (“pure”). Compare Middle Dutch afpuren (“to pour off, drain”).

cog

(transitive) to pour (something), to decant

(transitive, figuratively) to send forth (something); to express

(transitive, reflexive, figuratively) to devote oneself to (something)


pouren

English: pore

Unknown. Perhaps from Old English *purian, suggested by Old English spyrian (“to investigate, examine”). Akin to Middle Dutch poren (“to pore, look”), Dutch porren (“to poke, prod, stir, encourage, endeavour, attempt”), Low German purren (“to poke, stir”), Danish purre (“to poke, stir, rouse”), dialectal Swedish pora, pura, påra (“to work slowly and gradually, work deliberately”), Old English spor (“track, trace, vestige”).

(intransitive) to study intently, to pore over


Pegase

English: Pegasus

From Latin Pēgasus, from Ancient Greek Πήγασος (Pḗgasos), traditionally associated with πηγή (pēgḗ, “spring, fountain, fountain fed by a spring”), especially used to denote springs of Ocean, where Perseus killed Medusa, from whose blood Pegasus sprang. Some have dismissed this as folk etymology and suggest a pre-Greek origin because of the -ασος suffix. First attested in the 14th century.

(Late Middle English, Greek mythology) Pegasus

(Late Middle English, astronomy) Pegasus


out o

English: outta (colloquial)

Yola: udho


alsone

Fingallian: alsoon

As soon as possible, immediately, at once.


cronyng

English: croning

Fingallian: cronaan

(Late Middle English, hapax) singing, humming.


collyng

English: colling

Fingallian: culleen


yelke

desc

obsolete <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">yelk</i>

English: yolk (obsolete yelk)

Fingallian: yolk

Scots: yolk

Inherited from Old English ġeolca, syncopic form of ġeoloca; compare yelow (“yellow”).

(rare, figurative) The core or centre of something.


anatomisen

English: anatomize

Borrowed from Medieval Latin anatomizāre.


immevable

English: immovable


howlen

howlen (infinitive)
to howlen (infinitive)
howle (infinitive)
howle (first-person present singular)
howled (first-person past singular)
howlest (present second-person singular)
howledest (past second-person singular)
howleth (present singular third-person)
howled (past singular third-person)
howle (present singular subjunctive)
howled (past singular subjunctive)
howle (imperative present singular)
howlen (plural present)
howle (plural present)
howleden (past plural)
howlede (past plural)
howleth (imperative plural present)
howle (imperative plural present)
howlynge (participle present)
howlende (participle present)
howled (participle past)
yhowled (participle past)

English: howl

Scots: howl

Yola: hol

From Old English *hūlian, from Proto-West Germanic *hūilōn, from Proto-Germanic *hūwilōną.


frapen

frapen (infinitive)
to frapen (infinitive)
frape (infinitive)
frape (first-person present singular)
fraped (first-person past singular)
frapest (present second-person singular)
frapedest (past second-person singular)
frapeth (present singular third-person)
fraped (past singular third-person)
frape (present singular subjunctive)
fraped (past singular subjunctive)
frape (imperative present singular)
frapen (plural present)
frape (plural present)
frapeden (past plural)
frapede (past plural)
frapeth (imperative plural present)
frape (imperative plural present)
frapynge (participle present)
frapende (participle present)
fraped (participle past)
yfraped (participle past)

English: frap

Fingallian: frap, frapping


fryken

fryken (infinitive)
to fryken (infinitive)
fryke (infinitive)
fryke (first-person present singular)
fryked (first-person past singular)
frykest (present second-person singular)
frykedest (past second-person singular)
fryketh (present singular third-person)
fryked (past singular third-person)
fryke (present singular subjunctive)
fryked (past singular subjunctive)
fryke (imperative present singular)
fryken (plural present)
fryke (plural present)
frykeden (past plural)
frykede (past plural)
fryketh (imperative plural present)
fryke (imperative plural present)
frykynge (participle present)
frykende (participle present)
fryked (participle past)
yfryked (participle past)

English: frick, frig (dialectal), freak

Fingallian: frig


despeyringe

English: dispairing

Fingallian: spereen


pateren

pateren (infinitive)
to pateren (infinitive)
patere (infinitive)
patere (first-person present singular)
patered (first-person past singular)
paterest (present second-person singular)
pateredest (past second-person singular)
patereth (present singular third-person)
patered (past singular third-person)
patere (present singular subjunctive)
patered (past singular subjunctive)
patere (imperative present singular)
pateren (plural present)
patere (plural present)
patereden (past plural)
paterede (past plural)
patereth (imperative plural present)
patere (imperative plural present)
paterynge (participle present)
paterende (participle present)
patered (participle past)
ypatered (participle past)

English: patter

Fingallian: padreen (ger.)


strenken

strenken (infinitive)
to strenken (infinitive)
strenke (infinitive)
strenke (first-person present singular)
strenked (first-person past singular)
strenkest (present second-person singular)
strenkedest (past second-person singular)
strenketh (present singular third-person)
strenked (past singular third-person)
strenke (present singular subjunctive)
strenked (past singular subjunctive)
strenke (imperative present singular)
strenken (plural present)
strenke (plural present)
strenkeden (past plural)
strenkede (past plural)
strenketh (imperative plural present)
strenke (imperative plural present)
strenkynge (participle present)
strenkende (participle present)
strenked (participle past)
ystrenked (participle past)

Fingallian: strinkan (ger.)


thakken

thakken (infinitive)
to thakken (infinitive)
thakke (infinitive)
thakke (first-person present singular)
thakked (first-person past singular)
thakkest (present second-person singular)
thakkedest (past second-person singular)
thakketh (present singular third-person)
thakked (past singular third-person)
thakke (present singular subjunctive)
thakked (past singular subjunctive)
thakke (imperative present singular)
thakken (plural present)
thakke (plural present)
thakkeden (past plural)
thakkede (past plural)
thakketh (imperative plural present)
thakke (imperative plural present)
thakkynge (participle present)
thakkende (participle present)
thakked (participle past)
ythakked (participle past)

From Old English þaccian, from Proto-West Germanic *þakkōn, from Proto-Germanic *þakwōną.

This carter thacked his horſe on yͤ croupe / And they begon to drawe and to ſtoupe

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Freres Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, folio xliiii, recto, column 2:

This carter thwacked is horse on the croup / And they began to draw and to stoop


Sympson

English: Simpson

Item Johi filio Thome Sympson unum felystag.

“filly stag, n.”, in OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.

Also to John the son of Thomas Sympson one filly stag [young female horse].

Item, the said Spence receyvid in my masters name, the xiij. day of June the yer a fore said, of Robart Sympson draper of London, ccc. of veter. canv. prise the c., lvj.s. viij.d. summa, viij.li. x.s. Item, the said Spence receyvid the same tyme of the said Sympson ij. barellys terre, pryse, x.s. Item, he receyvid of the said Sympson a scyke [read: styke] of merlynge, the pryse, v.s. The some of alle this stoffe drawyth ix.li. v.s. The wyche summa my mastyr must pay to the said Sympson.

MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007

Also, the said Spence received in my master’s name, on the 13th day of June of the aforesaid year, of Robart Sympson, draper of London, 300 of old canvas; price of 100: 56 shillings, 8 pence; sum: 8 pounds, 10 shillings. Also, the said Spence received at the same time of the said Sympson 2 tar barrels; price: 5 shillings. Also, he received of the said Sympson a stick [pole or rod from which fish offered for sale are hung] of merling; the price: 5 shillings. The sum of all this stuff adds up to 9 pounds, 5 shillings, which sum my master must pay to the said Sympson.

a surname, equivalent to English Simpson


malemorte

malemorte (accusative nominative singular)
malemortes (genitive singular)
malemorte (dative singular)

From Anglo-Norman malemort (“mormal, gangrene”), from Medieval Latin malum mortuum. Compare French malemort (“cruel or horrible death”), Old French mort-mal.

cog

disease of inflamed sores, in sheep, horses, and dogs


shomaker

English: shoemaker

Yola: shooemaakear


Harpere

English: Harper

Yola: Harpeare


Naylere

English: Neyler

Yola: Nieleare


Wicham

English: Wickham

Yola: Weekeen


armyng

English: arming

Yola: armeen


broylen

broylen (infinitive)
to broylen (infinitive)
broyle (infinitive)
broyle (first-person present singular)
broyled (first-person past singular)
broylest (present second-person singular)
broyledest (past second-person singular)
broyleth (present singular third-person)
broyled (past singular third-person)
broyle (present singular subjunctive)
broyled (past singular subjunctive)
broyle (imperative present singular)
broylen (plural present)
broyle (plural present)
broyleden (past plural)
broylede (past plural)
broyleth (imperative plural present)
broyle (imperative plural present)
broylynge (participle present)
broylende (participle present)
broyled (participle past)
ybroyled (participle past)

English: broil

Yola: breal (noun)

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman bruiller, broiller (“to broil, roast”), Old French brusler, bruller (“to broil, roast, char”).


anentes

English: anent

Fingallian: anence

Scots: anent

From Old English on efn (“by; near”), from on + efn.


bynne

English: bin

Fingallian: ben

From Old English binne (“crib, manger”), from Proto-West Germanic *binnu, *binnā, from Gaulish benna (“four-wheeled cart; caisson”).


bityme

English: betimes

Fingallian: betimes


bonnefyre

English: bonfire

Fingallian: bonefire

(Late Middle English) A fire in which bones were burned, bonfire.


crucifixioun

English: crucifixion


portentuous

English: portentuous

And for encheson that we haue in our former bokis, after our connynge whiche gretely is ennaked from all lusty eloquence of electe vtteraunce, explosed thactes & gestis of outlandyssh peple to vs moche enstraunged by remotyf dystaunce of ferre contreys, we not leuynge vnremembrid suche thyngis as of their goddes emonge theym be reported, bryngynge vnto the light of our comyn remembraunce the sytuacion of euery place & coost, and of euery specyal regyon by it-self, what beestis sauage of nature and wylde wormys in those parties moost habounde, wyth all / other monstruous thynges & portentuous wondres digne and worthy to be enrolled for a memorial of recorde; […]

c. 1487, Diodorus Siculus, translated by Iohn Skelton, The Bibliotheca Historica of Diodorus Siculus Translated by Iohn Skelton, London: […] [F]or the Early English Text Society by Geoffrey Cumberlege, Oxford University Press […], published 1956, pages 342–343: