leyt

English: lait (obsolete)

From Old English lēġet, Anglian form of līġet, līġetu, līeġet, from Proto-West Germanic *laugiþu.

⁊ leıtıs ⁊ voıces ⁊ þundꝛıngıs camen out of þe troone. ⁊ ſeuene lau[m]pıs bꝛe[n]nynge bıfoꝛe þe troone.· whıche ben þe ſeuene ſpırıtıs of god

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Apocalips 4:5, page 118v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010

And lightning, sounds, and thunder came out of the throne, and seven lamps were burning in front of the throne, which are the seven spirits of God.

The striking of lightning; an instance of lightning.


counte

English: count, compt

Scots: coont, count

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman conte, counte, from Latin computus; reinforced through aphesis of acounte.

A measurement, especially a count or enumeration.

(figuratively) The reckoning of one's deeds at Judgement Day.


counte

English: count

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman conte, counte, from Latin comes, comit-.


counte

English: county

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman counté, from Latin comitātus; equivalent to counte (“count”) + -te.

A traditional county or shire of England, Ireland, Scotland, or Wales.


thresshere

English: thresher, thrasher

Yola: dhresheare

/ˈθrɛʃər(ə)/


thrusche

English: thrush

Yola: drush, drish

From Old English þrysċe, from Proto-West Germanic *þruskijā.

A thrush (bird of the genus Turdus) or its meat.


threschwolde

English: threshold

Scots: thrashel

/ˈθrɛʃwɔːld/

/ˈθrɛʃfɔːld/

From Old English þresċold, þerxold, þrexwold, from Proto-Germanic *þreskwaþluz; the first element is akin to threschen, but the second is of disputed origin, and was identified with several different words in Middle English.

A door-sill; the bottom board of a door.

An entryway; the part of a structure where one enters.


threschen

threschen (infinitive)
to threschen (infinitive)
thresche (infinitive)
thresche (first-person present singular)
thrasch (first-person past singular)
thresched (first-person past singular)
threschest (present second-person singular)
throsche (past second-person singular)
thrasch (past second-person singular)
threschedest (past second-person singular)
threscheth (present singular third-person)
thrasch (past singular third-person)
thresched (past singular third-person)
thresche (present singular subjunctive)
throsche (past singular subjunctive)
thresched (past singular subjunctive)
thresche (imperative present singular)
threschen (plural present)
thresche (plural present)
throschen (past plural)
throsche (past plural)
threscheden (past plural)
threschede (past plural)
threscheth (imperative plural present)
thresche (imperative plural present)
threschynge (participle present)
threschende (participle present)
throschen (participle past)
throsche (participle past)
thresched (participle past)
ythroschen (participle past)
ythrosche (participle past)

English: thresh, thrash

Scots: thresch, thrash

Inherited from Old English þrescan, þrexan, from Proto-West Germanic *þreskan, from Proto-Germanic *þreskaną.

To thresh; to separate grain from the chaff.

To thrash, whack or beat; to attack with a blunt weapon.


submissioun

English: submission

Borrowed from Old French soubmission, from Latin submissiō.

(law) Legal submission to the decisions of someone else.

(rare) Humbleness, loyalty, submission, or an act demonstrating such behaviour.


wrenne

English: wren

Scots: wran

Inherited from Old English wrenna, from Proto-Germanic *wrandijô.


sparewen

From Old English spearwan; equivalent to sparwe + -en (plural suffix).


swalwe

English: swallow

Scots: swalla, swallae

A swallow (bird in the genus Hirundo) or a swift.

The meat of such birds (also used in pharmaceuticals)


sparwe

English: sparrow

→ Manx: sparroo

Scots: sparrowe, sparow

Yola: sparrowe


bridegome

English: bridegroom

Scots: bridegreem

Yola: breedegroom

Inherited from Old English brȳdguma, from Proto-West Germanic *brūdigumō, from Proto-Germanic *brūdigumô; equivalent to bride + gome (“man”).

A (bride)groom; a man recently married or to be married.

(theology) God as Christendom's partner.


bridale

English: bridal

Scots: brithal

Inherited from Old English brȳdealo, equivalent to bride + ale (“ale”).

A wedding, especially the feast at one; a bridal.

(rare, theology) The "wedding" of humankind and God.


gummen

gummen (infinitive)
to gummen (infinitive)
gumme (infinitive)
gumme (first-person present singular)
gummed (first-person past singular)
gummest (present second-person singular)
gummedest (past second-person singular)
gummeth (present singular third-person)
gummed (past singular third-person)
gumme (present singular subjunctive)
gummed (past singular subjunctive)
gumme (imperative present singular)
gummen (plural present)
gumme (plural present)
gummeden (past plural)
gummede (past plural)
gummeth (imperative plural present)
gumme (imperative plural present)
gummynge (participle present)
gummende (participle present)
gummed (participle past)
ygummed (participle past)

English: gum


gumme

English: gum

Scots: gum

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman gume, from Late Latin gumma, from Latin gummi, cummi, from Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi), from Egyptian qmy, qmyt.

A gum or resin; a sticky syrup from a plant, used as scent and in pharmaceuticals.


breydynge

English: braiding

Weaving, intertwining (of branches or yarn)


brayde

From a conflation of Old English bræġd, Old English ġebreġd, and Old Norse bragð.


bræiden

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of breiden


bredynge

present participle of breden (“to breed”)


bredynge

English: breeding


mastik

English: mastic

Borrowed from Old French mastic, from Latin mastiche, from Ancient Greek μαστίχη (mastíkhē).

Pistacia lentiscus
Pistacia lentiscus#Translingual

(rare) The mastic tree (Pistacia lentiscus)


bridlen

bridlen (infinitive)
to bridlen (infinitive)
bridle (infinitive)
bridle (first-person present singular)
bridled (first-person past singular)
bridlest (present second-person singular)
bridledest (past second-person singular)
bridleth (present singular third-person)
bridled (past singular third-person)
bridle (present singular subjunctive)
bridled (past singular subjunctive)
bridle (imperative present singular)
bridlen (plural present)
bridle (plural present)
bridleden (past plural)
bridlede (past plural)
bridleth (imperative plural present)
bridle (imperative plural present)
bridlynge (participle present)
bridlende (participle present)
bridled (participle past)
ybridled (participle past)

English: bridle

From Old English brīdlian, brīdelian; equivalent to bridel + -en (infinitival suffix).

To put or equip a bridle on a horse; to bridle.

To direct, limit, or curb; to place restrictions on or monitor.

(rare) To thrust one's belly and recline one's head.

(rare) To use a bridle to direct or control a horse.

(rare) To ornament or adorn; to place bodily decorations.


endowynge

An endowment or granting of money as means.


dowarye

English: dowry

Scots: drurie (obsolete)

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman dowarie, from Medieval Latin dōtārium; equivalent to dowen + -erie. Doublet of dower.

A dower; a life estate of a male spouse's property.

(rare) A gift given by the bride's family to the groom or his relatives; dowry.

(rare, figurative) Any sort of property, especially if valuable or important.

(rare, figurative) An attribute or quality (of a person or people).


dowen

dowen (infinitive)
to dowen (infinitive)
dowe (infinitive)
dowe (first-person present singular)
dowed (first-person past singular)
dowest (present second-person singular)
dowedest (past second-person singular)
doweth (present singular third-person)
dowed (past singular third-person)
dowe (present singular subjunctive)
dowed (past singular subjunctive)
dowe (imperative present singular)
dowen (plural present)
dowe (plural present)
doweden (past plural)
dowede (past plural)
doweth (imperative plural present)
dowe (imperative plural present)
dowynge (participle present)
dowende (participle present)
dowed (participle past)
ydowed (participle past)

English: dow (obsolete)

Scots: dow

Borrowed from Old French douer, from Latin dōtō.

To give, furnish, or provide with something:

To give or provide something as a dowry.

To endow; to provide with a quality or attribute.


douen

douen (infinitive)
to douen (infinitive)
doue (infinitive)
deigh (first-person present singular)
doughte (first-person past singular)
deight (present second-person singular)
doughtest (past second-person singular)
deigh (present singular third-person)
doughte (past singular third-person)
doue (present singular subjunctive)
doughte (past singular subjunctive)
douen (plural present)
doue (plural present)
doughten (past plural)
doughte (past plural)
douynge (participle present)
douende (participle present)
dought (participle past)
ydought (participle past)

English: dow (obsolete)

Scots: dow

From Old English dugan, from Proto-West Germanic *dugan, from Proto-Germanic *duganą.

(transitive, intransitive) To be helpful or beneficial; to have worthiness or use (for something)

(impersonal) To be appropriate or suitable for a given situation.

(intransitive, rare) To be mighty, bold, or hardy.

(intransitive, rare) To attain victory or success; to win.

(transitive, rare) To be able to (perform an act).


endowen

endowen (infinitive)
to endowen (infinitive)
endowe (infinitive)
endowe (first-person present singular)
endowed (first-person past singular)
endowest (present second-person singular)
endowedest (past second-person singular)
endoweth (present singular third-person)
endowed (past singular third-person)
endowe (present singular subjunctive)
endowed (past singular subjunctive)
endowe (imperative present singular)
endowen (plural present)
endowe (plural present)
endoweden (past plural)
endowede (past plural)
endoweth (imperative plural present)
endowe (imperative plural present)
endowynge (participle present)
endowende (participle present)
endowed (participle past)
yendowed (participle past)

English: endow

Scots: endoo

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman endouer; equivalent to en- + dowen.

To endow with money, rights, advantages, or other benefits.

To endow or furnish with an innate property or faculty.

(rare) To benefit a realm with a good king.


dogh

English: dough (dialectal duff)

Scots: daich, dauch

Yola: dhoaugh, doaugh, doaug

From Old English dāg, dāh, from Proto-West Germanic *daig, from Proto-Germanic *daigaz.

dough (substance used to make bread etc.)


endowable

English: endowable

(rare) Entitled to receive or eligible for dower.


rether

Alternative form of rathere (“more quickly, rather”)


lowton

Alternative form of louten (“to prostrate”)


lutenn

(Ormulum) Alternative form of louten (“to prostrate”)


lowting

The act of prostration or an instance of it; bowing.

(rare) Hunching; bending one's body or head.


lutie

Alternative form of louten (“to conceal”)


megre

English: meagre, meager

Scots: meagre, meager (possibly borrowed from Modern English)

From Anglo-Norman megre, from Latin macer, from Proto-Indo-European *mh₂ḱrós.

Lean, haggard; suffering the physical effects of hunger.

(rare) Skinny, narrow, slim; showing thinness.


louten

louten (infinitive)
to louten (infinitive)
loute (infinitive)
loute (first-person present singular)
louted (first-person past singular)
loute (first-person past singular)
let (first-person past singular)
loutest (present second-person singular)
loutedest (past second-person singular)
loutest (past second-person singular)
let (past second-person singular)
louteth (present singular third-person)
louted (past singular third-person)
loute (past singular third-person)
let (past singular third-person)
loute (present singular subjunctive)
louted (past singular subjunctive)
loute (past singular subjunctive)
loute (imperative present singular)
louten (plural present)
loute (plural present)
louteden (past plural)
loutede (past plural)
louten (past plural)
loute (past plural)
louteth (imperative plural present)
loute (imperative plural present)
loutynge (participle present)
loutende (participle present)
louted (participle past)
lout (participle past)
ylouted (participle past)
ylout (participle past)

English: lout (obsolete)

Scots: lout, loot, lowt

From Old English lūtan, from Proto-Germanic *lūtaną.

(transitive, intransitive) To bow; to lower oneself in prostration or submission.

(transitive, intransitive) To become submissive; to follow the orders of or yield to somebody.

(transitive, intransitive) To pray or show devotion towards a deity or religious figure.

(usually transitive) To revere or admire; to show deference for somebody.

(intransitive) To crouch or squat; to lower one's body.

(transitive, intransitive) To lower one's head; to slouch or droop.

(intransitive) To fall over; to topple (often in the context of death)

(intransitive, rare) To travel or go downwards or down.

(transitive, intransitive, figurative) To decline; to suffer from ill luck.


louten

louten (infinitive)
to louten (infinitive)
loute (infinitive)
loute (first-person present singular)
louted (first-person past singular)
loutest (present second-person singular)
loutedest (past second-person singular)
louteth (present singular third-person)
louted (past singular third-person)
loute (present singular subjunctive)
louted (past singular subjunctive)
loute (imperative present singular)
louten (plural present)
loute (plural present)
louteden (past plural)
loutede (past plural)
louteth (imperative plural present)
loute (imperative plural present)
loutynge (participle present)
loutende (participle present)
louted (participle past)
ylouted (participle past)

From Old English lūtian, from Proto-Germanic *lutōną.

(transitive, intransitive) To conceal; to place out of sight.

(transitive, intransitive, rare) To live or inhabit.


feeldi

English: fieldy


feldefare

desc

dialectal <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">feltyfare</i>

English: fieldfare (dialectal feltyfare)

Scots: feltiflyer (reinterpreted)

Inherited from Old English feldefare; equivalent to feeld + fare. The form with /ɛ/ is the regular product of trisyllabic shortening, while that with /eː/ is due to the analogy of the simplex feeld.

Turdus pilaris
Turdus pilaris#Translingual

University of Michigan
w:University of Michigan


dafftelike

(Ormulum) Mildly, politely, respectfully, modestly.


gnawynge

English: gnawing

A severe pain or injury; something that causes great pain.

(rare) Insulting, mocking; a verbal attack.

(rare) Corroding, wearing; an instance of corrosion.


gnet

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of gnat


gnawen

enm-verb

gnawen (third-person singular simple present gnaweth, present participle gnawynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative gnew, past participle gnowen)

gnaweth (present singular third-person)
gnawynge (participle present)
gnew (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
gnowen (participle past)
gnawen (infinitive)
to gnawen (infinitive)
gnawe (infinitive)
gnawe (first-person present singular)
gnow (first-person past singular)
gnogh (first-person past singular)
gnew (first-person past singular)
gnawest (present second-person singular)
gnowe (past second-person singular)
gnewe (past second-person singular)
gnow (past second-person singular)
gnogh (past second-person singular)
gnew (past second-person singular)
gnaweth (present singular third-person)
gnow (past singular third-person)
gnogh (past singular third-person)
gnew (past singular third-person)
gnawe (present singular subjunctive)
gnowe (past singular subjunctive)
gnewe (past singular subjunctive)
gnawe (imperative present singular)
gnawen (plural present)
gnawe (plural present)
gnowen (past plural)
gnowe (past plural)
gnewen (past plural)
gnewe (past plural)
gnaweth (imperative plural present)
gnawe (imperative plural present)
gnawynge (participle present)
gnawende (participle present)
gnawen (participle past)
gnawe (participle past)
ygnawe (participle past)

English: gnaw, knaw

Scots: gnaw, knaw

Yola: gnafeen (ppl.) (<gnaȝen)

From Old English gnagan, from Proto-West Germanic *gnagan, Proto-Germanic *gnaganą.

(rare) To anguish or worry; to cause concern.

(rare) To mock, insult or slight; to speak negatively of.

(rare) To feel anguish, worry, or concern.


kilne

English: kiln

Scots: kill

From Old English cylene, from Latin culīna (possibly through a Proto-Germanic *kulinǭ).


bakhous

English: bakehouse

→ Welsh: becws, bacws, becos

Scots: bake-hous

→ Irish: bácús
→ Yola: baakooze

From Old English bæchūs; sometimes remodeled on baken + hous.

A bakery (the physical building or the service)


bakynge

English: baking


meteles

English: meatless

From Old English metelēas; equivalent to mete + -les.


bakyn

From baken, the past participle of the above verb.

Alternative form of baken (“meal involving pastry”)


bake mete

English: bakemeat (obsolete)

Scots: bakement (reinterpreted)

From baken, bake (the past participle of baken (“to bake”)), and mete (“food”); thus literally "baked food".

Any kind of cooked food which has a pastry coating.


sodeyn

English: sudden

q

Scots: sudden, suddent (modified to match the Middle Scots past participle -and, -ant)

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman sodein, from Latin subitāneus.

weren hurlid sum tyme bi drede of wondris ayens kynde, sum tyme the soulis failiden bi ledyng ouer; for why sudeyn drede and vnhopid, cam on hem.

a. 1382, John Wycliffe, “Wisdom 17:14”, in Wycliffe's Bible:

(They) were then afflicted by a fear of beasts, then their souls failed as they gave up, as sudden, unanticipated fear overcame them.

Sudden; happening or developing without buildup or non-gradually.

Unanticipated; happening or developing without warning or notice.

Hasty; happening or developing in a quick or fast way.

Impulsive; happening or developing as a result of a poorly-thought decision.

(rare) Ephemeral; short-lived or impermanent.


sodeynte

English: suddenty (dialectal)

Scots: suddenty

Borrowed from Old French sodaineté; equivalent to sodeyn + -te.

The state of being sudden or happening or developing without buildup.

Lack of anticipation the state of happening or developing without warning or notice.


sodeynly

English: suddenly

Scots: suddenly, suddently (modified to match the Middle Scots past participle -and, -ant)

He felte a coold swerd sodeynliche glyde / For ire he quook; no lenger wolde he byde

a. 1394, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Knight's Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, lines 1575–1576:

He sensed a cold sword suddenly move / He quaked due to rage; he wouldn't keep still any longer

Suddenly, non-gradually; without buildup or warning, in an abrupt way.

Unanticipatedly; without warning or prior notice.

With immediate or quick effect; instantaneously or with great haste.

Impulsively; in a poorly-thought or ill-conceived way.


thefly

English: thiefly (now rare)

In a way resembling a thief; thievishly (especially referring to deception or sleight-of-hand)


thef

English: thief

Scots: thef, theif, thief

A person who enters conflict for loot or booty.


thevysch

English: thievish

Having a personality like a thief or robber; thievish.


thefte

English: theft

Scots: thift, theft

Inherited from Old English þīefþ, from Proto-West Germanic *þiubiþu, from Proto-Germanic *þiubiþō; equivalent to thef + -the (“abstract nominal suffix”).

Theft, stealing, robbery (in general or as an individual instance):

Financial fraud; the mishandling of money.

Something seen as analogous or equivalent to theft.


brewere

English: brewer

Scots: brewer


brewestere

English: brewster

Scots: browster


brewhous

English: brewhouse

A brewhouse or brewery; a place for making beer.

(rare) A inn or tavern with an on-site brewery.


brewen

brewen (infinitive)
to brewen (infinitive)
brewe (infinitive)
brewe (first-person present singular)
brew (first-person past singular)
brewed (first-person past singular)
brewest (present second-person singular)
browe (past second-person singular)
brew (past second-person singular)
brewedest (past second-person singular)
breweth (present singular third-person)
brew (past singular third-person)
brewed (past singular third-person)
brewe (present singular subjunctive)
browe (past singular subjunctive)
brewed (past singular subjunctive)
brewe (imperative present singular)
brewen (plural present)
brewe (plural present)
browen (past plural)
browe (past plural)
breweden (past plural)
brewede (past plural)
breweth (imperative plural present)
brewe (imperative plural present)
brewynge (participle present)
brewende (participle present)
browen (participle past)
browe (participle past)
brewed (participle past)
ybrowen (participle past)
ybrowe (participle past)
ybrewed (participle past)

English: brew

Scots: brew

To brew; to make or be involved in making alcoholic beverages (especially beer).

To induce or cause a condition or effect; to foment or effect.

To unfold or begin; to start to happen or take effect.


brewe

English: bree (dialectal)

Scots: brew, bree

From Old English brǣw, brēaw, brēġ, from Proto-Germanic *brēwō (besides *brūwō → Middle English browe).


scanden

enm-verb

scanden (third-person singular simple present scandeth, present participle scandende, scandynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle scanded)

scandeth (present singular third-person)
scandende (participle present)
scandynge (participle present)
scanded (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
scanden (infinitive)
to scanden (infinitive)
scande (infinitive)
scande (first-person present singular)
scanded (first-person past singular)
scande (first-person past singular)
scandest (present second-person singular)
scandedest (past second-person singular)
scandest (past second-person singular)
scandeth (present singular third-person)
scanded (past singular third-person)
scande (past singular third-person)
scande (present singular subjunctive)
scanded (past singular subjunctive)
scande (past singular subjunctive)
scande (imperative present singular)
scanden (plural present)
scande (plural present)
scandeden (past plural)
scandede (past plural)
scanden (past plural)
scande (past plural)
scandeth (imperative plural present)
scande (imperative plural present)
scandynge (participle present)
scandende (participle present)
scanded (participle past)
scand (participle past)
yscanded (participle past)
yscand (participle past)

English: scan

Middle Scots: scand

desc

Scots: scan (possibly reborrowed from English)

Borrowed from Late Latin scandō (“to scan verse”), from classical Latin scandō (“to surmount”), from Proto-Indo-European *skend-.
Forms without /d/ are presumably from the reinterpretation of -de as the suffix forming the past tense.

bor+

(rare) To scan verse; to mark verse according to its metrical structure.


scanden

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of schonden


schovel

English: shovel (dialectal shoul, shool)

→ Fiji Hindi: sabbal

→ Marshallese: jabōļ

Scots: shuffle, schule, shule, shuil

Yola: shule

Inherited from Old English sċofl, *sċufl, from Proto-Germanic *skuflō. Akin to schoven.

A shovel or spade; a scooped tool with a handle.


schovynge

English: shoving

Shoving; movement using direct physical force.

(rare) The causation of movement (especially of wind) .


ethymologie

English: etymology

Borrowed from Old French ethimologie, from Latin etymologia, from Ancient Greek ἐτυμολογία (etumología).

The purported true, primordial and innate sense of a term.

(rare, Late Middle English) The study of such senses.


styngyng

English: stinging

A stinging; the process where an insect uses its stinger.

A sting; the pain caused by a stinging or similar pain.


stynge

English: sting

Scots: sting

Inherited from Old English sting, stincg, from Proto-Germanic *stungiz.

A sting; the pain caused by a stinger or any analogous pain.

(rare) A stinger; the sharp point of an insect used to sting.


stænc

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of stench


stynk

English: stink

Scots: stink

A stench; a displeasing or repulsive smell.

Something which causes or has such a repulsive smell.

The fires of hell (thought to smell of sulphur)

Sin; that which is considered to be wrong by religious authorities.


stynken

stynken (infinitive)
to stynken (infinitive)
stynke (infinitive)
stynke (first-person present singular)
stank (first-person past singular)
stynkest (present second-person singular)
stunke (past second-person singular)
stank (past second-person singular)
stynketh (present singular third-person)
stank (past singular third-person)
stynke (present singular subjunctive)
stunke (past singular subjunctive)
stynke (imperative present singular)
stynken (plural present)
stynke (plural present)
stunken (past plural)
stunke (past plural)
stynketh (imperative plural present)
stynke (imperative plural present)
stynkynge (participle present)
stynkende (participle present)
stunken (participle past)
stunke (participle past)
ystunken (participle past)
ystunke (participle past)

Scots: stink

English: stink

To emit a smell or stench; to stink (almost always an unpleasant smell)

To be morally indefensible or wrong; to be totally detestable or loathable.

(rare) To (be able to) detect or discern a displeasing scent or smell.

(rare) To produce or create a displeasing scent, stench or smell.


stynkynge

English: stinking

Scots: stinkin

From stynken + -ing (“nominalising ending”).

Of the hinder part of her buttockes it is ful horrible for to ſe, for certes in that parte of her body there as they purge her ſtynkynge ordure, that foul partie ſhew they to yͤ people proudly in diſpite of honeſtie, which honeſtie that Jeſu Christ and hys frendes obſerued to ſhewe in her life.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Parsons Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, folio cvi, verso, column 1:


stynkynge

From stynken + -ing (“present participle ending”).


stenchen

enm-verb

stenchen (third-person singular simple present stencheth, present participle stenchende, stenchynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle stenched)

stencheth (present singular third-person)
stenchende (participle present)
stenchynge (participle present)
stenched (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
stenchen (infinitive)
to stenchen (infinitive)
stenche (infinitive)
stenche (first-person present singular)
stenched (first-person past singular)
stenchest (present second-person singular)
stenchedest (past second-person singular)
stencheth (present singular third-person)
stenched (past singular third-person)
stenche (present singular subjunctive)
stenched (past singular subjunctive)
stenche (imperative present singular)
stenchen (plural present)
stenche (plural present)
stencheden (past plural)
stenchede (past plural)
stencheth (imperative plural present)
stenche (imperative plural present)
stenchynge (participle present)
stenchende (participle present)
stenched (participle past)
ystenched (participle past)

English: stench (obsolete)

Inherited from Old English stenċan, from Proto-West Germanic *stankwijan, from Proto-Germanic *stankwijaną, by surface analysis, stench + -en (infinitival suffix).


writhyng

English: writhing

The process of bending, curling, or twining.


honyed

English: honeyed, honied

Made sweet using or honey or giving that impression; honeyed


hony-swete

English: honey-sweet

being sweet, appealing or delicious like honey


souker

English: sucker

Scots: souker


soukynge

English: sucking

Scots: sookin


knoble

English: knobble


honysokel

English: honeysuckle

Scots: hinnysickle

Honeysuckle (plant of the genus Lonicera) or a similar plant.

Clover (plant of the genus Trifolium) or a similar plant.


honysoke

English: honeysuck (archaic)

desctree

⇒ Middle English: honysokel, honysoukel, honisokel, honysocle, hunisuccle, hony-sokkle, honysokkil, honysikil, hony-sokle, honysokyl, honysoucle, honysukkle
English: honeysuckle
Scots: hinnysickle

From Old English huniġsūce, huniġsūge; equivalent to hony + souke.


kembestere

English: kempster, kembster (historical)

Middle Scots: kemstar

A kembster; one (usually female) who combs wool.


hony comb

English: honeycomb

Scots: hinnie-kaim

From Old English huniġcamb; equivalent to hony + comb.


kemben

enm-verb

kemben (third-person singular simple present kembeth, present participle kembynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative kempte, past participle kempt)

kembeth (present singular third-person)
kembynge (participle present)
kempte (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
kempt (participle past)
kemben (infinitive)
to kemben (infinitive)
kembe (infinitive)
kembe (first-person present singular)
kembed (first-person past singular)
kempte (first-person past singular)
kembest (present second-person singular)
kembedest (past second-person singular)
kemptest (past second-person singular)
kembeth (present singular third-person)
kembed (past singular third-person)
kempte (past singular third-person)
kembe (present singular subjunctive)
kembed (past singular subjunctive)
kempte (past singular subjunctive)
kembe (imperative present singular)
kemben (plural present)
kembe (plural present)
kembeden (past plural)
kembede (past plural)
kempten (past plural)
kempte (past plural)
kembeth (imperative plural present)
kembe (imperative plural present)
kembynge (participle present)
kembende (participle present)
kembed (participle past)
kempt (participle past)
ykembed (participle past)
ykempt (participle past)

English: kemb (obsolete except for kempt, unkempt), comb (remodelled on the noun)

Scots: kem, keme

Yola: khimed (preterite)

From Old English cemban, from Proto-West Germanic *kambijan, from Proto-Germanic *kambijaną.

But first he cheweth greyn and lycorys / To smellen sweete, er he hadde kembd his heer.

a. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Knight's Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, lines 3690–3691:

Though first he chews spices and licorice, / To smell sweet before he'd combed his hair.

To comb or brush one's hair; to use a comb.


hony

English: honey (see there for further descendants)

Scots: honey, hony, huny, hinny

Yola: henee, honi

From Old English huniġ, from Proto-West Germanic *hunag, from Proto-Germanic *hunagą, dissimilated variant of *hunangą, from Proto-Indo-European *kn̥h₂ónks.

(figurative) Something sweet or appealing.

(rare) A term of affection; compare modern English honey.


souken

souken (infinitive)
to souken (infinitive)
souke (infinitive)
souke (first-person present singular)
sek (first-person past singular)
sok (first-person past singular)
souked (first-person past singular)
soukest (present second-person singular)
soke (past second-person singular)
sek (past second-person singular)
sok (past second-person singular)
soukedest (past second-person singular)
souketh (present singular third-person)
sek (past singular third-person)
sok (past singular third-person)
souked (past singular third-person)
souke (present singular subjunctive)
soke (past singular subjunctive)
souked (past singular subjunctive)
souke (imperative present singular)
souken (plural present)
souke (plural present)
soken (past plural)
soke (past plural)
soukeden (past plural)
soukede (past plural)
souketh (imperative plural present)
souke (imperative plural present)
soukynge (participle present)
soukende (participle present)
soken (participle past)
soke (participle past)
souked (participle past)
ysoken (participle past)
ysoke (participle past)
ysouked (participle past)

English: suck

Scots: souke

Inherited from Old English sūcan, sūgan, from Proto-West Germanic *sūkan, *sūgan, from Proto-Germanic *sūkaną, *sūganą.

To suck (to draw with the mouth):
To breastfeed (of an infant)

To milk (extract milk from breasts or udders)

To suck (to draw with the mouth):
To suck out liquid or fluid

To suck (to draw with the mouth):
To drink liquid (such as blood, honey)

To extract or draw (move to a given location)

To remove (especially by absorbing or sucking)

To take money or finances (especially when using up money)


steppynge

English: stepping

The act of movement; stepping or walking.

One's path or track; the marks left of one's presence.


hayl

Alternative form of heil (“healthy, sound”)


hayl

Alternative form of heil (“health, welfare”)


haylen

haylen (infinitive)
to haylen (infinitive)
hayle (infinitive)
hayle (first-person present singular)
hayled (first-person past singular)
haylest (present second-person singular)
hayledest (past second-person singular)
hayleth (present singular third-person)
hayled (past singular third-person)
hayle (present singular subjunctive)
hayled (past singular subjunctive)
hayle (imperative present singular)
haylen (plural present)
hayle (plural present)
hayleden (past plural)
haylede (past plural)
hayleth (imperative plural present)
hayle (imperative plural present)
haylynge (participle present)
haylende (participle present)
hayled (participle past)
yhayled (participle past)

English: hail

Scots: hail

From Old English hagolian, from Proto-Germanic *haglōną, equivalent to hayle + -en (infinitival suffix).

(impersonal) to hail (of hail, to fall from the sky)


haylen

Alternative form of heilen (“to greet with "hail!"”)


haylen

Alternative form of halen (“to drag, pull”)


hayle

English: hail

Scots: hail

From Old English hæġl, hæġel, hagol, from Proto-Germanic *haglaz (“hail”).

(rare, medicine) A tumor situated near the eye.


mercien

mercien (infinitive)
to mercien (infinitive)
mercie (infinitive)
mercie (first-person present singular)
mercied (first-person past singular)
merciest (present second-person singular)
merciedest (past second-person singular)
mercieth (present singular third-person)
mercied (past singular third-person)
mercie (present singular subjunctive)
mercied (past singular subjunctive)
mercie (imperative present singular)
mercien (plural present)
mercie (plural present)
mercieden (past plural)
merciede (past plural)
mercieth (imperative plural present)
mercie (imperative plural present)
merciynge (participle present)
merciende (participle present)
mercied (participle past)
ymercied (participle past)


sadelere

English: saddler


elbohen

From Old English elnbogan; equivalent to elbowe + -en (plural suffix).


sadel-bowe

desc

English: saddle bow, saddle-bow, saddlebow

From Old English sadolboga, sadulboga; equivalent to sadel + bowe.


elbowe

English: elbow

Scots: elbuck

Yola: helbough, helboge

From Old English elnboga, elboga, from Proto-Germanic *alinabugô; equivalent to elne + bowe.

(rare) A tassel suspended from the elbow.


elnen

elnen (infinitive)
to elnen (infinitive)
elne (infinitive)
elne (first-person present singular)
elned (first-person past singular)
elnest (present second-person singular)
elnedest (past second-person singular)
elneth (present singular third-person)
elned (past singular third-person)
elne (present singular subjunctive)
elned (past singular subjunctive)
elne (imperative present singular)
elnen (plural present)
elne (plural present)
elneden (past plural)
elnede (past plural)
elneth (imperative plural present)
elne (imperative plural present)
elnynge (participle present)
elnende (participle present)
elned (participle past)
yelned (participle past)

English: elne

From Old English elnian, from Proto-Germanic *aljanōną; equivalent to elne (“power”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

To make strong or mighty; to encourage or motivate.


elnen

From elne (“ell”) + -en (plural suffix).


wrot

From Old English wrōt, a shortening of earlier *wrōtl, from Proto-West Germanic *wrōtil, equivalent to wroten + -el (agentive suffix).

A snout or trunk; an extending nose of an animal.

(rare) nose (compare modern snout (“nose”))


muske

desctree

English: musk
→ Irish: musc
→ Welsh: mwsg

Borrowed from Old French musc, from Late Latin muscus, from Ancient Greek μόσχος (móskhos), from Middle Persian *mušk, from Sanskrit मुष्क (muṣka).

musk (substance derived from a musk deer's glands)


dreamen

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of dremen


couplynge

English: coupling

The creation of a romantic or marital bond or a marriage.

A (physical or intellectual) connection.

(rare) The act of leashing dogs two by two.


cheynen

enm-verb

cheynen (third-person singular simple present cheyneth, present participle cheynende, cheynynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle cheyned)

cheyneth (present singular third-person)
cheynende (participle present)
cheynynge (participle present)
cheyned (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
cheynen (infinitive)
to cheynen (infinitive)
cheyne (infinitive)
cheyne (first-person present singular)
cheyned (first-person past singular)
cheynest (present second-person singular)
cheynedest (past second-person singular)
cheyneth (present singular third-person)
cheyned (past singular third-person)
cheyne (present singular subjunctive)
cheyned (past singular subjunctive)
cheyne (imperative present singular)
cheynen (plural present)
cheyne (plural present)
cheyneden (past plural)
cheynede (past plural)
cheyneth (imperative plural present)
cheyne (imperative plural present)
cheynynge (participle present)
cheynende (participle present)
cheyned (participle past)
ycheyned (participle past)

English: chain

Scots: cheen, chyne

/ˈt͡ʃæi̯nən/

/ˈt͡ʃæi̯ɳ(ən)/

To bind or shackle; to restrict a creature's movement.

(rare) To restrict entry or access using chains.

(rare) To use a chain to keep something in place.


couplen

couplen (infinitive)
to couplen (infinitive)
couple (infinitive)
couple (first-person present singular)
coupled (first-person past singular)
couplest (present second-person singular)
coupledest (past second-person singular)
coupleth (present singular third-person)
coupled (past singular third-person)
couple (present singular subjunctive)
coupled (past singular subjunctive)
couple (imperative present singular)
couplen (plural present)
couple (plural present)
coupleden (past plural)
couplede (past plural)
coupleth (imperative plural present)
couple (imperative plural present)
couplynge (participle present)
couplende (participle present)
coupled (participle past)
ycoupled (participle past)

English: couple

Scots: cowpill (obsolete)

From Old French coupler, from Latin cōpulō; equivalent to couple + -en (infinitival suffix).

To marry or wed; to join in a matrimonial union.

To unite people in common cause or grouping; to connect.

To connect or fasten (one, two, or more things)

To link together; to deem as or make similar or connected.

To attach animals to a lead, string or harness.

(rare) To attach support beams to a roof.


chyne

English: chine (chink)

Scots: chin, chun

From Old English ċine, ċinu, from Proto-West Germanic *kinu, from Proto-Germanic *kinō. Forms with /iː/ are influenced by chynen.

(pathology) opening (of an injury or wound)


chyne

English: chine

From Old French eschine, from Frankish *skinu, from Proto-Germanic *skinō. Doublet of schyne (“shin”).


morteys

English: mortise, mortice

Borrowed from Old French mortaise, from Arabic مورتاز (murtazz, “fastened”).


thenoun

Borrowed from Latin tenōn, from Ancient Greek τένων (ténōn).


tenoun

English: tenon

Borrowed from Middle French tenon, from Old French tenon.

A tenon; a projecting piece of woodwork.


brevely

English: briefly


merines

English: merriness


murcð

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of myrthe


mirien

mirien (infinitive)
to mirien (infinitive)
mirie (infinitive)
mirie (first-person present singular)
miried (first-person past singular)
miriest (present second-person singular)
miriedest (past second-person singular)
mirieth (present singular third-person)
miried (past singular third-person)
mirie (present singular subjunctive)
miried (past singular subjunctive)
mirie (imperative present singular)
mirien (plural present)
mirie (plural present)
mirieden (past plural)
miriede (past plural)
mirieth (imperative plural present)
mirie (imperative plural present)
miriynge (participle present)
miriende (participle present)
miried (participle past)
ymiried (participle past)

From Old English myrgan; equivalent to mery + -en (infinitival suffix).

To feel merry; to feel joyfulness or gladness


merily

English: merrily

Inherited from Old English myriġlīċe; equivalent to mery + -ly.

Merrily, happily; with joy, gladness, and happiness.

In a way displaying or expressing happiness or merriness.

(rare) Appropriately, fittingly, rightly.

(rare) In a shining, attractive or gleaming way.


myrthen

myrthen (infinitive)
to myrthen (infinitive)
myrthe (infinitive)
myrthe (first-person present singular)
myrthed (first-person past singular)
myrthest (present second-person singular)
myrthedest (past second-person singular)
myrtheth (present singular third-person)
myrthed (past singular third-person)
myrthe (present singular subjunctive)
myrthed (past singular subjunctive)
myrthe (imperative present singular)
myrthen (plural present)
myrthe (plural present)
myrtheden (past plural)
myrthede (past plural)
myrtheth (imperative plural present)
myrthe (imperative plural present)
myrthynge (participle present)
myrthende (participle present)
myrthed (participle past)
ymyrthed (participle past)

To supply with pleasure, joy, or gladness.


hondywerk

English: handiwork

desc

Scots: handiewerk, handiewark, handiwark

Inherited from Old English handġeweorc; equivalent to hond + werk. Compare hondwerk.

handiwork, creation (exclusively used in a religious context of God)

(rare) Handwork; work done with the hands.


dabben

dabben (infinitive)
to dabben (infinitive)
dabbe (infinitive)
dabbe (first-person present singular)
dabbed (first-person past singular)
dabbest (present second-person singular)
dabbedest (past second-person singular)
dabbeth (present singular third-person)
dabbed (past singular third-person)
dabbe (present singular subjunctive)
dabbed (past singular subjunctive)
dabbe (imperative present singular)
dabben (plural present)
dabbe (plural present)
dabbeden (past plural)
dabbede (past plural)
dabbeth (imperative plural present)
dabbe (imperative plural present)
dabbynge (participle present)
dabbende (participle present)
dabbed (participle past)
ydabbed (participle past)

English: dab

Compare Icelandic dabba (“to tap, slap”).


myrthe

English: mirth

Scots: mirth

Inherited from Old English myrgþ, mergþ, mirgþ, miriġþ, from Proto-West Germanic *murgīþu; equivalent to mery + -the (abstract nominal suffix).

Mirth, joy, gladness; the state of being happy or elated.

Religious or holy bliss, ecstasy, or salvation.

Merry-making, entertainment, amusement, fun (or an instance of it)

A wonder; an astounding, astonishing or lucky happening.

Something that appeals or is held in high regard.

(rare, euphemistic) Copulation; the act of having sex


hondwerk

English: handwork

Scots: handwerk, handwark

Inherited from Old English handweorc, from Proto-Germanic *handuwerką; equivalent to hond + werk. Compare hondywerk.

The fruits of handwork or handiwork; a product or craft.


flodȝete

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of flodgate


flodgate

English: floodgate


flowynge

English: flowing, flowin'

Middle Scots: flowand

Scots: flowin


flowynge

English: flowing, flowin'

Middle Scots: flowing, flowyng

Scots: flowin, flowan

⇒ Scots: flownie, flounie

Flowing (motion or movement of a liquid):

An overflow or flood; a flow over a boundary.


overflowen

overflowen (infinitive)
to overflowen (infinitive)
overflowe (infinitive)
overflowe (first-person present singular)
overflowed (first-person past singular)
overflew (first-person past singular)
overflowest (present second-person singular)
overflowedest (past second-person singular)
overflewe (past second-person singular)
overflew (past second-person singular)
overfloweth (present singular third-person)
overflowed (past singular third-person)
overflew (past singular third-person)
overflowe (present singular subjunctive)
overflowed (past singular subjunctive)
overflewe (past singular subjunctive)
overflowe (imperative present singular)
overflowen (plural present)
overflowe (plural present)
overfloweden (past plural)
overflowede (past plural)
overflewen (past plural)
overflewe (past plural)
overfloweth (imperative plural present)
overflowe (imperative plural present)
overflowynge (participle present)
overflowende (participle present)
overflowed (participle past)
overflowen (participle past)

English: overflow

From Old English oferflōwan; equivalent to over- + flowen.

To overflow; to cause flooding or immerse in water.

(rare) To flow in profuse or excessive quantities.

(rare) To exist in profuse or great quantities.


quaylyn

Alternative form of quaylen (“to curdle”)


cwellen

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of quellen


quellere

English: queller

From Old English cwellere; equivalent to quellen + -er.

One entrusted with the duty of execution or torturing; a hangman.

(rare) A killer or murderer; one who illegally kills.


cwellere

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of quellere


quayll

Alternative form of quaylen (“to weaken”)


quaylen

enm-verb

quaylen (third-person singular simple present quayleth, present participle quaylende, quaylynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle quayled)

quayleth (present singular third-person)
quaylende (participle present)
quaylynge (participle present)
quayled (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
quaylen (infinitive)
to quaylen (infinitive)
quayle (infinitive)
quayle (first-person present singular)
quayled (first-person past singular)
quaylest (present second-person singular)
quayledest (past second-person singular)
quayleth (present singular third-person)
quayled (past singular third-person)
quayle (present singular subjunctive)
quayled (past singular subjunctive)
quayle (imperative present singular)
quaylen (plural present)
quayle (plural present)
quayleden (past plural)
quaylede (past plural)
quayleth (imperative plural present)
quayle (imperative plural present)
quaylynge (participle present)
quaylende (participle present)
quayled (participle past)
yquayled (participle past)

English: quail, queal, quele

Borrowed from Middle Dutch queilen, quēlen, from Old Dutch *quelan, from Proto-West Germanic *kwelan, from Proto-Germanic *kwelaną (“to suffer”). Doublet of quelen.

To be afflicted by disease or wasting; to become weak.

(rare) To turn out to be useless or ineffective.


quaylen

English: quail

Borrowed from Old French quaillier, coaillier, from Latin coāgulō.


duracioun

English: duration

From Old French duracion, from Medieval Latin dūrātiō.


quantite

English: quantity

Borrowed from Old French quantité, from Latin quantitās.

Number, quantity or amount (either discrete or continuous):

The amount that something can contain or hold; volume.

A portion or part of a measured or reckoned value.

A specified piece or quantity of a greater whole or unit.

Degree, extent; the relative amount or significance of something.

Amount or length of time (that something occurs or happens over]

Dimension; how big or large something is (in two or three dimensions)

(rare) The main or central portion of a thing.


mincen

mincen (infinitive)
to mincen (infinitive)
mince (infinitive)
mince (first-person present singular)
minced (first-person past singular)
mincest (present second-person singular)
mincedest (past second-person singular)
minceth (present singular third-person)
minced (past singular third-person)
mince (present singular subjunctive)
minced (past singular subjunctive)
mince (imperative present singular)
mincen (plural present)
mince (plural present)
minceden (past plural)
mincede (past plural)
minceth (imperative plural present)
mince (imperative plural present)
mincynge (participle present)
mincende (participle present)
minced (participle past)
yminced (participle past)

English: mince

Scots: minch (archaic)

From Old English minsian (from Proto-Germanic *minnisōną) and Old French mincer (from Old French mince).

To mince; to cut up or slice up food into small pieces.


apposicioun

English: apposition

Borrowed from Middle French apposition, from Latin appositiō; equivalent to ad- + posicioun.

The act of adding or utlising; apposition.


posicioun

English: position

Borrowed from Old French posicion, from Latin positiō.

(surgery) Position or location on the body.

(rare) An announcement of one's stance, belief or position.


composicioun

English: composition

Borrowed from Old French composicion, from Latin compositiō; equivalent to con- + posicioun.

The makeup, ingredients, or composition of something.

A bilateral compact or pact or a text providing written evidence of it.

(rare) Creation, establishment, crafting; the act of having something made.

(rare) Combination (as a process, or a single combination of things)

(rare) Congruity or homogeneity; the state of being self-consistent.


deposicion

English: deposition

Borrowed from Old French deposicion, from Latin dēpositiō; equivalent to de- + posicioun.

(rare) The burial or internment of a saint.

(rare) A legal deposition or a document with it.


disposicioun

q

obsolete <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">dispotion</i>

English: disposition (obsolete dispotion)

Borrowed from Middle French disposition, from Old French disposition, from Latin dispositiō; equivalent to dis- + posicioun.

The nature or state of something (either inherent or current):

Disposition; the emotional state or feelings that one is experiencing.

A quality or factor that influences the nature or state of something.

(astrology) The purported influence of the constellations on people.

Preparing or readying; the act of making oneself ready.

Arranging; the planning of a layout or a blueprint.

The action of directing, instructing, or commanding; using one's control.

The state of being able to direct, instruct, or command; control.

The state of being able to make decisions or choices.

A directive, instruction, or command; an act of those in power.


exposicioun

English: exposition

Borrowed from Old French esposicion, from Latin expositiō; equivalent to ex- + posicioun.

The action of describing in writing; exposition or representation.

The action of explaining or making easy to understand in writing.

A literary work acting to aid understanding or comment on another work.


imposicioun

English: imposition

Borrowed from Old French imposicion, from Latin impositiō; equivalent to in- + posicioun.

A charge or fee or its collection or retrieval.

(rare) Regulating, ordering, administering.

(rare, surgery) Entering, putting something inside.

(rare) Imputation; making a claim about someone.


indisposicioun

English: indisposition

Borrowed from Middle French indisposicion; equivalent to in- + disposicioun.

(rare) Iniquity; malicious or morally wrong behaviour.

(rare) Criminality; the act of behaving outside the law.

(rare) Illness or malady; the state of feeling sick.

(rare, astrology) Negative astrological influence.

(rare) The state of feeling hostility or anger.


interposicion

English: interposition

Borrowed from Old French interposicion; equivalent to inter- + posicioun.

(rare) Movement between two things or objects.

(rare) An intervention diminishing the force of legislation.

(rare) A neutral negotiator between two opposing parties.


opposicioun

English: opposition

Borrowed from Old French oposicion, from Late Latin oppositiō.

Astronomical opposition; the state where two heavenly objects appear to oppose.

(rare) An opposing or contrasting position or belief.

(rare) An opposing or opposite position or place.

(rare) An opposing or opposed quality or ideal.


preposicioun

English: preposition

Borrowed from Old French preposicion, from Latin praepositiō; equivalent to pre- + posicioun.

(grammar) A preposition; an adposition preceding the word it modifies.

(rare) That which grants notability or importance.


proposicioun

English: proposition

Borrowed from Old French proposicion, from Latin prōpositiō; equivalent to pro- + posicioun.

A proposition or assertion; a statement left to be proven.

A conundrum; a statement with a hard-to-understand meaning.

That which is offered in a religious context; an oblation.

(rare) An extended treatise or dissertation; a long talk about a topic.

(rare, geometry) A theorem; a proven statement.

(rare) A query; an interrogative statement.


supposicioun

English: supposition

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman supposicion, from Latin suppositiō; equivalent to sub- + posicioun.

(rare) A proposition or assertion; a statement left to be proven.

(rare) A theory; an explanation for a phenomenon left to be proven.

(rare) A subsuming; incorporation into a larger item.

(rare) Putting in a particular place; placing.


sub pena

English: subpoena, subpena, subpœna

From Medieval Latin: sub (“under”) and poena (“penalty”), the beginning of the original subpoena used in the Court of Chancery.

A subpoena or summons, especially for the Court of Chancery.


sotilnes

English: subtleness

The state of being light, airy, and/or fluidic.

Trickery, insidiousness; the concealment of one's true behaviour or goals.

(rare) Mental power or ability; smartness or cleverness.

(rare) Capability; ability in a specified domain.


sotillynge

The act of making fluidic or less dense.

An argument that shows smartness or cleverness.


sotilly

English: subtly, subtlely

Smartly, wisely, judiciously; in an intelligent way.

Convincingly, effectively; in a clear way.

Covertly; while concealing what one is doing.

(rare) Without adulteration or weakening.


oblacioun

English: oblation

Borrowed from Old French oblacion, from Latin oblātiō.

An oblation; a religious offering or gift to a deity:

Money or treasures given as oblation or donation.

(rare) A person who is given as sacrifice.


sotilen

sotilen (infinitive)
to sotilen (infinitive)
sotile (infinitive)
sotile (first-person present singular)
sotiled (first-person past singular)
sotilest (present second-person singular)
sotiledest (past second-person singular)
sotileth (present singular third-person)
sotiled (past singular third-person)
sotile (present singular subjunctive)
sotiled (past singular subjunctive)
sotile (imperative present singular)
sotilen (plural present)
sotile (plural present)
sotileden (past plural)
sotilede (past plural)
sotileth (imperative plural present)
sotile (imperative plural present)
sotilynge (participle present)
sotilende (participle present)
sotiled (participle past)
ysotiled (participle past)

Borrowed from Old French sotiliier, from Late Latin subtīliō; equivalent to sotil + -en (infinitival suffix).

To create or design; to come up with an idea.

(rare) To make fluidic or airy; to reduce something's density.

(medicine) To lessen someone's food intake.


-acioun

English: -ation

Borrowed from Old French -acion, -ation, from Latin -ātiō. Doublet of -isoun.

Forms nouns denoting an action, act, or doing, the results or effects of an action, or a state or quality; -ation.


obligen

obligen (infinitive)
to obligen (infinitive)
oblige (infinitive)
oblige (first-person present singular)
obliged (first-person past singular)
obligest (present second-person singular)
obligedest (past second-person singular)
obligeth (present singular third-person)
obliged (past singular third-person)
oblige (present singular subjunctive)
obliged (past singular subjunctive)
oblige (imperative present singular)
obligen (plural present)
oblige (plural present)
obligeden (past plural)
obligede (past plural)
obligeth (imperative plural present)
oblige (imperative plural present)
obligynge (participle present)
obligende (participle present)
obliged (participle past)
yobliged (participle past)

English: oblige

Scots: obleege

/ɔˈblɛːd͡ʒən/

Borrowed from Old French obligier, from Latin obligō.

To oblige; to compel to do something or behave a certain way.

To start being obligated; to make oneself obligated.

To donate or offer as a guarantee of security.


sutour

English: suitor

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman suytour, from Latin secūtor; equivalent to sute + -our.

A believer in ideas; a member of a movement or a group.

One who makes an entreaty to a high official.

One who is beholden to attend a regular court or hearing.

(rare) The claimant or accuser in a lawsuit.

(rare) A chaser or follower; one who tracks.

(rare) One who tends to be at a given place.


obligacioun

English: obligation

Scots: obligation

Borrowed from Old French obligacion, from Latin obligātiō; equivalent to obligen + -acioun.

A covenant or contract; a directive obligating one to behave a certain way.

A debenture; a document which obligates one to pay another.


Winceastre

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of Wynchester


situacioun

English: situation

Borrowed from Middle French situation, from Medieval Latin situātio.


wenche

English: wench


wympel

English: wimple

Scots: wympill

Inherited from Old English wimpel, winpel, from Proto-Germanic *wimpilaz.

Ful semyly hir wympul pynched was / Hir nose tretys, hir eyen greye as glas[…]

a. 1394, Geoffrey Chaucer, “General Prologue”, in The Canterbury Tales, lines 151–152:

Her wimple was folded in quite a seemly way / Her nose [was] slender; her eyes [were] grey like glass […]

A wimple; a female headcovering, especially (but not only) worn by nuns.

(rare) A veil used to cover the box which communion wafers are stored in.

(rare) A coloured region of feathers on a bird of prey's head.


wynche

English: winch

Inherited from Old English winċe, from Proto-Germanic *winkijǭ.

A long bore or shaft dug in order to extract water from.

(rare) A machine for lifting or hoisting; a winch.


cerymonye

English: ceremony

A religious or spiritual ritual or ceremony taking place.

The practice of ritual or ceremony in general .

A customary activity done as a matter of form.


sermonynge

English: sermoning (obsolete)

Than seyde he thus to Palamon ful right;

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Knight's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 3090-3092

To make yow assente to this thing.’
Then said he thus to Palamon the knight;
‘I suppose little preaching is needed here
To make you assent to this thing.’

Talking or speaking, especially with conviction and surety.

Proselytizing or evangelising; spreading of religion.


cerymonial

English: ceremonial

Ceremonial; connected to or related to ceremony.


cerymonial

English: ceremonial


sermoun

English: sermon, sarmon (dialectal)

Scots: sermon

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman sermun, from Latin sermō, sermōnem.

A (generally long and as a monologue) talk or speech by one person.

A sermon; a religious speech (especially one by early Christians)

The religious sermons and proselytising done by early Christians.

Conversation, chatter; talking or conversing in general.

One's manner or way of talking or writing; the hallmarks of one's prose.

A text or piece of literature, especially one related to religion.

A portion of a text devoted to a certain topic or domain.

(rare) A language; a form of speech used by a speech community.


sermonen

sermonen (infinitive)
to sermonen (infinitive)
sermone (infinitive)
sermone (first-person present singular)
sermoned (first-person past singular)
sermonest (present second-person singular)
sermonedest (past second-person singular)
sermoneth (present singular third-person)
sermoned (past singular third-person)
sermone (present singular subjunctive)
sermoned (past singular subjunctive)
sermone (imperative present singular)
sermonen (plural present)
sermone (plural present)
sermoneden (past plural)
sermonede (past plural)
sermoneth (imperative plural present)
sermone (imperative plural present)
sermonynge (participle present)
sermonende (participle present)
sermoned (participle past)
ysermoned (participle past)

English: sermon (obsolete)

Borrowed from Old French sermoner (modern French sermonner); equivalent to sermon + -en (infinitival suffix).

To converse or say; to engage in conversation.

To proselytise; to engage in the promotion of religion.


coode

Alternative form of code (“system of law”)


spelunke

English: spelunk, spelunc (obsolete)

Scots: spelunk (obsolete)

From Latin spēlunca, from Ancient Greek σπῆλῠγξ (spêlunx).

(rare) A gravesite; where one is buried.


chewynge

From Old English ċēowung, equivalent to chewen + -ing.


chewynge

English: chewing

The act of chewing (mashing with one's teeth).


chewen

enm-verb

chewen (third-person singular simple present cheweth, present participle chewende, chewynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle chewed)

cheweth (present singular third-person)
chewende (participle present)
chewynge (participle present)
chewed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
chewen (infinitive)
to chewen (infinitive)
chewe (infinitive)
chewe (first-person present singular)
chewed (first-person past singular)
chewest (present second-person singular)
chewedest (past second-person singular)
cheweth (present singular third-person)
chewed (past singular third-person)
chewe (present singular subjunctive)
chewed (past singular subjunctive)
chewe (imperative present singular)
chewen (plural present)
chewe (plural present)
cheweden (past plural)
chewede (past plural)
cheweth (imperative plural present)
chewe (imperative plural present)
chewynge (participle present)
chewende (participle present)
chewed (participle past)
ychewed (participle past)

desctree

English: chew
→ Pennsylvania German: tschaae

Scots: chow, chaw

Inherited from Old English ċēowan (strong class 2), from Proto-West Germanic *keuwan, from Proto-Germanic *kewwaną.

To chew; to mash food with one's teeth (especially of cud).

And thei crieden not to me in her herte, but ȝelliden in her beddis. Thei chewiden code on wheete, and wyn, and thei ȝeden awei fro me.

a. 1382, John Wycliffe, “Osee 7:14”, in Wycliffe's Bible:

And they didn't cry to me from their hearts; instead they whined in their beds. They chewed wheat and wine like cud, then they ran away from me.

To consume or digest food or comestibles; to feast upon.

To ponder about; to think or reflect upon something.

(rare) To grip or hold onto something with one's teeth.

(rare) To destroy or injure; to harass or annoy.


spewynge

English: spewing

Scots: spewin

spewing, puking (the ejection of vomit).


griffoun

English: griffin, griffon, gryphon

From Old French griffon, diminutive of gripe (“griffin”).

A griffin (mythological creature; also often found in heraldry)

A bird of prey, especially a vulture (see modern English griffon vulture)

A Greek person; someone from Greece or of Greek ethnicity.


grippen

grippen (infinitive)
to grippen (infinitive)
grippe (infinitive)
grippe (first-person present singular)
gripped (first-person past singular)
grippest (present second-person singular)
grippedest (past second-person singular)
grippeth (present singular third-person)
gripped (past singular third-person)
grippe (present singular subjunctive)
gripped (past singular subjunctive)
grippe (imperative present singular)
grippen (plural present)
grippe (plural present)
grippeden (past plural)
grippede (past plural)
grippeth (imperative plural present)
grippe (imperative plural present)
grippynge (participle present)
grippende (participle present)
gripped (participle past)
ygripped (participle past)

English: grip

Scots: grip

From Old English grippan, from Proto-Germanic *gripjaną. Cognates include Middle High German gripfen.

To grip or grab onto (and often to take away)

To confiscate or steal; to take forcibly.

(rare) To entrap; to find and take control of.

(rare) To find out about; to acquire knowledge or information about.

(rare) To torment or injure; to cause fear or sorrow.


spewen

enm-verb

spewen (third-person singular simple present speweth, present participle spewende, spewynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle spewed)

speweth (present singular third-person)
spewende (participle present)
spewynge (participle present)
spewed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
spewen (infinitive)
to spewen (infinitive)
spewe (infinitive)
spewe (first-person present singular)
spewed (first-person past singular)
spewest (present second-person singular)
spewedest (past second-person singular)
speweth (present singular third-person)
spewed (past singular third-person)
spewe (present singular subjunctive)
spewed (past singular subjunctive)
spewe (imperative present singular)
spewen (plural present)
spewe (plural present)
speweden (past plural)
spewede (past plural)
speweth (imperative plural present)
spewe (imperative plural present)
spewynge (participle present)
spewende (participle present)
spewed (participle past)
spowen (participle past)
spowe (participle past)
yspewed (participle past)

English: spew

Scots: spew

From Old English spīwan (strong class 1).

To spew (regurgitate partially-digested food)


overriden

overriden (infinitive)
to overriden (infinitive)
override (infinitive)
override (first-person present singular)
overrod (first-person past singular)
overridest (present second-person singular)
overrode (past second-person singular)
override (past second-person singular)
overrod (past second-person singular)
overrideth (present singular third-person)
overrod (past singular third-person)
override (present singular subjunctive)
overrode (past singular subjunctive)
override (past singular subjunctive)
override (imperative present singular)
overriden (plural present)
override (plural present)
overroden (past plural)
overrode (past plural)
overriden (past plural)
override (past plural)
overrideth (imperative plural present)
override (imperative plural present)
overridynge (participle present)
overridende (participle present)
overriden (participle past)
override (participle past)

English: override

From Old English oferrīdan; equivalent to over- + riden.

To tread over or squash someone or something on horseback.

To ruin or destroy; to loot or extract riches from somewhere.

(rare) To ruin one's standing; to bring down.

(rare) To ride around or through a region or location.

(rare) To come upon without warning; to beset.


swaþelynge

English: swaddling

Scots: sweelin


swathel

English: swaddle

Scots: sweel

From Old English swaþul, swæþel, sweþel, sweoþol, from Proto-West Germanic *swaþil, *swaþul; probably equivalent to swathe (“strip”) + -el (agentive suffix).

af

(rare outside of compounds) A swaddle or similar strip of fabric.


swathlen

swathlen (infinitive)
to swathlen (infinitive)
swathle (infinitive)
swathle (first-person present singular)
swathled (first-person past singular)
swathlest (present second-person singular)
swathledest (past second-person singular)
swathleth (present singular third-person)
swathled (past singular third-person)
swathle (present singular subjunctive)
swathled (past singular subjunctive)
swathle (imperative present singular)
swathlen (plural present)
swathle (plural present)
swathleden (past plural)
swathlede (past plural)
swathleth (imperative plural present)
swathle (imperative plural present)
swathlynge (participle present)
swathlende (participle present)
swathled (participle past)
yswathled (participle past)

English: swaddle

Scots: sweel

From swathel + -en (infinitival suffix).

To swaddle; to bind a baby in strips of cloth.

(rare) To enclose something by wrapping up.


swathen

swathen (infinitive)
to swathen (infinitive)
swathe (infinitive)
swathe (first-person present singular)
swathed (first-person past singular)
swathest (present second-person singular)
swathedest (past second-person singular)
swatheth (present singular third-person)
swathed (past singular third-person)
swathe (present singular subjunctive)
swathed (past singular subjunctive)
swathe (imperative present singular)
swathen (plural present)
swathe (plural present)
swatheden (past plural)
swathede (past plural)
swatheth (imperative plural present)
swathe (imperative plural present)
swathynge (participle present)
swathende (participle present)
swathed (participle past)
yswathed (participle past)

English: swathe

From Old English *swaþian, *sweþan; equivalent to swathe (“strip”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


beautevous

English: beauteous

Physically appealing; attractive, pretty, beautiful.

(rare) Religiously beautiful; righteous.

(rare) Something that is beautiful or appealing.


scharn

English: sharn

Scots: shairn, sharn

From Old English sċearn, from Proto-Germanic *skarną.

Animal feces used as fertiliser; manure or sharn.


delitabilite

From Old French delitableté; equivalent to delitable + -ite.

Delight, joy, enjoyment; the sensation of delighting.

Joyfulness, enjoyability; the magnitude of delight.


delityng

Something that inspires delight, joy, or enjoyment.

(rare) Delight, joy, enjoyment; the sensation of delighting.

(rare) The process of experiencing delight; delighting or enjoying.


yarwe

English: yarrow; >? yarr

>? Scots: yarr

From Old English ġearwe, from Proto-West Germanic *garwā, perhaps derived from *garu (“prepared, ready (of food”)), as the plant was used medicinally for digestion.

Friedrich Kluge
John Francis Davis
Nicoline van der Sijs


deliten

deliten (infinitive)
to deliten (infinitive)
delite (infinitive)
delite (first-person present singular)
delited (first-person past singular)
delitest (present second-person singular)
delitedest (past second-person singular)
deliteth (present singular third-person)
delited (past singular third-person)
delite (present singular subjunctive)
delited (past singular subjunctive)
delite (imperative present singular)
deliten (plural present)
delite (plural present)
deliteden (past plural)
delitede (past plural)
deliteth (imperative plural present)
delite (imperative plural present)
delitynge (participle present)
delitende (participle present)
delited (participle past)
ydelited (participle past)

English: delight

Scots: delite, delicht

From Old French deliter, from Latin delectare; equivalent to delite + -en (infinitival).

(transitive, intransitive) To experience delight or joy; to have enjoyment.

(transitive, intransitive) To make someone experience delight or joy; to give enjoyment.

(transitive, rare) To want to do or enjoy doing something.


stræm

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of strem


stremere

English: streamer

A flag used to identify one's loyalty (especially at sea).

(rare) A train (trailing part of clothing)

(rare, heraldry) A symbol resembling a star.


strem

English: stream

Scots: stream, strem, streme, streym

Yola: streem

Inherited from Old English strēam, from Proto-West Germanic *straum, from Proto-Germanic *straumaz.

A waterbody; a region of the world containing water:

A stream or river (flowing path of water)

The movement of water; flowing or tides.

A sea; a large, continuous body of water.

(rare) The maritime possessions of a nation.

A beam; a jet of light (usually from the sky)

A river's course; the path which a river takes.

(rare) An emission or issuing; something that comes out.

(rare) A standard; a flag indicating nationality.


weykly

English: weakly


weyken

weyken (infinitive)
to weyken (infinitive)
weyke (infinitive)
weyke (first-person present singular)
weyked (first-person past singular)
weykest (present second-person singular)
weykedest (past second-person singular)
weyketh (present singular third-person)
weyked (past singular third-person)
weyke (present singular subjunctive)
weyked (past singular subjunctive)
weyke (imperative present singular)
weyken (plural present)
weyke (plural present)
weykeden (past plural)
weykede (past plural)
weyketh (imperative plural present)
weyke (imperative plural present)
weykynge (participle present)
weykende (participle present)
weyked (participle past)
yweyked (participle past)

English: weak (obsolete), weaken

From weyk + -en (infinitival suffix). Compare woken and Old English wǣcan.

To make tired or exhausted; to overexert.

(rare) To make or become weak or powerless.


woclic

From Old English wāclīc; equivalent to woke + -ly.


wocnesse

From Old English wācnes; equivalent to woke + -nesse.


weykenesse

English: weakness

Scots: waikness

Weakness; lack of might, force, or muscular power.

Faithlessness; lack of belief or virtuousness.

(rare) Impoverishment; a lack of wealth or societal power.

(rare) Stupidity, speciousness; weak reasoning.

(rare) Cowardice; lack of bravery or valour.


smiðeȝe

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of smythen


smethyng

English: smithing


smiðie

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of smythy


smythes

From Old English smiþas, plural of smiþ.


smythe

English: smithe (obsolete)

From Old English smiþþe, from Proto-Germanic *smiþjǭ. Doublet of smythy (from the same Proto-Germanic word through Old Norse smiðja).


smythen

smythen (infinitive)
to smythen (infinitive)
smythe (infinitive)
smythe (first-person present singular)
smythed (first-person past singular)
smythest (present second-person singular)
smythedest (past second-person singular)
smytheth (present singular third-person)
smythed (past singular third-person)
smythe (present singular subjunctive)
smythed (past singular subjunctive)
smythe (imperative present singular)
smythen (plural present)
smythe (plural present)
smytheden (past plural)
smythede (past plural)
smytheth (imperative plural present)
smythe (imperative plural present)
smythynge (participle present)
smythende (participle present)
smythed (participle past)
ysmythed (participle past)

English: smith

From Old English smiþian, form Proto-Germanic *smiþōną; equivalent to smyth + -en (infinitival suffix).

To smith metal; to perform metalworking.

(rare) To torture or harass; to inflict terror and horror.

(rare) To spiritually cleanse or purify.


smythy

English: smithy

Scots: smiddy, smiddie

From Old Norse smiðja, from Proto-Germanic *smiþjǭ. Doublet of smythe (from the same Proto-Germanic word through Old English smiþþe).


randoun

English: random

→ Scots: random


eukarist

English: Eucharist

Borrowed from Old French eucariste, from Latin eucharistia, from Ancient Greek εὐχαριστία (eukharistía).


redemptoure

English: redemptor

Borrowed from Old French redemptor, borrowed itself from Latin redēmptor.

(theology) One who redeems (used of Jesus)


raunsoner

English: ransomer


redempcioun

English: redemption

Scots: redemption

Borrowed from Old French redemption, borrowed itself from Latin redemptio. Doublet of raunsoun.

(theology) Redemption or release from sinfulness.

One's method of or path towards redemption or release.

Making redress; repairing a relationship or connection.

A payment or fee, especially one acting as ransom.

Freeing from imprisonment (often involving ransoming)

(rare) Payment of a tax, charge, or duty.

(theology, rare) Spiritual overhaul or reforming.

(theology, rare) Spiritual remission or forgiving.


raunsonynge

(theology) The process of redeeming the sins of souls.

(rare) An unjustified charge or levy; extortion.

(rare) Imprisoning while offering ransom.


raymen

enm-verb

raymen (third-person singular simple present raymeth, present participle raymende, raymynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle raymed)

raymeth (present singular third-person)
raymende (participle present)
raymynge (participle present)
raymed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
raymen (infinitive)
to raymen (infinitive)
rayme (infinitive)
rayme (first-person present singular)
raymed (first-person past singular)
raymest (present second-person singular)
raymedest (past second-person singular)
raymeth (present singular third-person)
raymed (past singular third-person)
rayme (present singular subjunctive)
raymed (past singular subjunctive)
rayme (imperative present singular)
raymen (plural present)
rayme (plural present)
raymeden (past plural)
raymede (past plural)
raymeth (imperative plural present)
rayme (imperative plural present)
raymynge (participle present)
raymende (participle present)
raymed (participle past)
yraymed (participle past)

An early borrowing from Old French raembre, inherited from Latin redimō. Doublet of redemen.

To loot; to go on a campaign of stealing and burglary.

To obtain territory or property; to come into control of.

(rare) To ruin; to bring to devastation or destruction.

(rare) To pay compensation to exculpate or liberate.

(rare) To come into one's possession or company.


raunsonen

raunsonen (infinitive)
to raunsonen (infinitive)
raunsone (infinitive)
raunsone (first-person present singular)
raunsoned (first-person past singular)
raunsonest (present second-person singular)
raunsonedest (past second-person singular)
raunsoneth (present singular third-person)
raunsoned (past singular third-person)
raunsone (present singular subjunctive)
raunsoned (past singular subjunctive)
raunsone (imperative present singular)
raunsonen (plural present)
raunsone (plural present)
raunsoneden (past plural)
raunsonede (past plural)
raunsoneth (imperative plural present)
raunsone (imperative plural present)
raunsonynge (participle present)
raunsonende (participle present)
raunsoned (participle past)
yraunsoned (participle past)

English: ransom

Borrowed from Old French raençonner; equivalent to raunsoun + -en (infinitival suffix).

To pay ransom money; to pay money to effect a prisoner's release.

To hold as prisoner for ransom; to provide the option of ransom.

To release a captive due to having been paid ransom money.

(Christianity) To redeem or liberate the soul (from perdition)

(rare) To purge or expunge sin; to remove the stain of evil.

(rare) To exact monetary payment; to pressure people to give money.

(rare) To charge or tax; to levy or impose a fee.


raunsoun

English: ransom

Scots: ransom

Borrowed from Old French raençon, from Latin redemptio. Doublet of redempcioun.

Ransom; the practice of paying to let someone out of jail (in war).

A payment or fee; money paid to someone out of necessity:

A payment or fee as punishment for criminal activity.

(theology) Jesus as the price of redemption from sin.

A large quantity or reserve of coinage or money.


redemen

redemen (infinitive)
to redemen (infinitive)
redeme (infinitive)
redeme (first-person present singular)
redemed (first-person past singular)
redempte (first-person past singular)
redemest (present second-person singular)
redemedest (past second-person singular)
redemptest (past second-person singular)
redemeth (present singular third-person)
redemed (past singular third-person)
redempte (past singular third-person)
redeme (present singular subjunctive)
redemed (past singular subjunctive)
redempte (past singular subjunctive)
redeme (imperative present singular)
redemen (plural present)
redeme (plural present)
redemeden (past plural)
redemede (past plural)
redempten (past plural)
redempte (past plural)
redemeth (imperative plural present)
redeme (imperative plural present)
redemynge (participle present)
redemende (participle present)
redemed (participle past)
redempt (participle past)
yredemed (participle past)
yredempt (participle past)

English: redeem

Scots: redeem

Borrowed from Old French redimer, borrowed itself from Latin redimō. Doublet of raymen.

(Christianity) To redeem or liberate (from perdition)

(rare) To pay compensation to liberate or free.

(rare) To pay compensation to lift restrictions.

(rare) To undergo penance for spiritual wrongs.


cirurgie

English: chirurgy (altered after Latin and Greek)

Borrowed from Old French cirurgie, borrowed itself from Latin chīrurgia. Doublet of surgerie. At least one form has been remodelled to incorporate the suffix -erie (a process that happened already before the word was borrowed into Middle English).

surgery (the part of medicine related to performing surgical operations)


cirurgien

English: chirurgeon (altered after Latin and Greek)

Borrowed from Old French cirurgiien, borrowed itself from Vulgar Latin *chīrurgiānus, from chīrurgia; equivalent to cirurgie + -ien. Doublet of surgien.

A surgeon; one who practices the art of surgery.


surgerie

English: surgery

Borrowed from Old French surgerie; a modification of surgie, from Latin chīrurgia. Doublet of cirurgie. Almost all forms have been remodelled to incorporate the suffix -erie (a process that happened already before the word was borrowed into Middle English).


cosynage

English: cousinage, cosinage (obsolete)

From Old French cosinage; equivalent to cosyn + -age.

Family relation; the state of being of one's blood.

(rare) One's relations; those of one's kin.

(rare) Politeness; the quality of being kind.


sovereynly

English: sovereignly (archaic)

very, greatly (acting as an intensifier)

(rare) exceptionally (to the highest standard or magnitude).

(rare) totally, completely (without exception)


foreyner

English: foreigner

Scots: furriner

A nonlocal; one without citizenship or membership in local institutions.

A foreigner or outlander; a person from another nation or land.


sovereynte

English: sovereignty

From Anglo-Norman sovereyneté; equivalent to sovereyn + -te.

Total control or rulership; sovereignty, domination.

The control and supervision vested in a royal title.

Greatness, outstandingness, notability, profusion.

(rare) An office or position granting sovereignty.


foreyn

English: foreign

Scots: furrin

From Old French forain, from Vulgar Latin *forānus. Forms in fer- are altered on the analogy of fer (“far”).

Nonlocal; not from or in one's town or immediate area.

Foreign; not from or in one's country or nation.

Belonging to or associated with other people; not belonging to oneself.

Surface, seeming, illusory, unimportant; not showing its true nature.

(rare) External, outside; not inside one's body or mind.

(rare) Opposed; rivaling or hindering a cause.


foreyn

English: foreign

A nonlocal; one without citizenship or membership in local institution.

(rare) An external chamberpot or restroom.


sovereyn

English: sovereign

Scots: sovereign

From Old French soverain, from Vulgar Latin *superānus.

Famous, awesome, amazing; worthy of respect.

Having absolute, ultimate, or total control; all-powerful.

Having the highest possible rank; top-ranking, executive.

Fantastic, superior, phenomenal; the best.

Related to the skies, atmosphere, or space.

Total, exceptionless, absolute; with no exception.

Useful, efficacious; having great effect or potency.

Predominant, preeminent; exceeding all others.


sovereyn

English: sovereign

Scots: sovereign

Yola: zouvereine, zovereine

One's superior or boss; one who one answers to:

An overlord or monarch (often used of God)

A member of local government; a municipal administrator.

One who runs a noble household, manor, or estate.

A general; one who leads an army or military force.

A religious administrator or leader; one's spiritual superior.

A powerful or influential person within a society; a leading figure.

One who excels or shows expertise in a certain area or topic.

One's partner in a marriage; one's spouse.

(rare) Those who preceded or came before.

(rare) Something which is exceptional or noteworthy.


sovereyn

To a large extent; totally, greatly, absolutely.


tredynge

English: treading

Compression by treading upon with one's feet.

(rare) Treading; going somewhere on foot or placing one's foot.


sweriȝen

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of sweren


sweryng

English: swearing

The admission or reception of an oath or promise.

Swearing; uttering profanities (especially in oaths)


swerer

English: swearer

Scots: swerar, sweirar, swearar

One who uses or employs profanity or swearwords.

One who makes an oral binding statement; an oath-taker.

(rare) One who makes people swear oaths.


forswerynge

English: forswearing

And now that I have ſpoken of glotonye, / Now wol I yow deffenden haſardrye; / Haſard is verray mooder of leſynges, / And of deceite, and curſed forſwerynges[…]

a. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Pardoner's Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, lines 589–592:

And since I've spoken about gluttony, / Now, I'll prevent you from dice-playing; / Dice games are literally the source of falsehoods, / deception, and false testimonies […]

The act of perjuring oneself; false testimony.


swere

English: sweer, swear, sweir, swere

Scots: sweir, sweer, swere

From Old English swǣr, swār, from Proto-West Germanic *swār, from Proto-Germanic *swēraz (“heavy”).


forsweren

forsweren (infinitive)
to forsweren (infinitive)
forswere (infinitive)
forswere (first-person present singular)
forswor (first-person past singular)
forswar (first-person past singular)
forswerest (present second-person singular)
forswore (past second-person singular)
forsware (past second-person singular)
forswor (past second-person singular)
forswar (past second-person singular)
forswereth (present singular third-person)
forswor (past singular third-person)
forswar (past singular third-person)
forswere (present singular subjunctive)
forswore (past singular subjunctive)
forsware (past singular subjunctive)
forswere (imperative present singular)
forsweren (plural present)
forswere (plural present)
forsworen (past plural)
forswore (past plural)
forswaren (past plural)
forsware (past plural)
forswereth (imperative plural present)
forswere (imperative plural present)
forswerynge (participle present)
forswerende (participle present)
forsworen (participle past)
forswore (participle past)
forsworn (participle past)

English: forswear

From Old English forswerian; equivalent to for- + sweren.

To perform perjury; to lie in legal testimony.

To disobey or act against a binding contract or oath.

To be exiled from a realm or nation; to be banished.

To deny, reject, or cast off a belief previously held.

(rare) To strip oneself of privileges or rights.

(rare, Christianity) To make an oath against God.


forswerer

English: forswearer


andswaren

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of answeren


onsware

From Old English andswarian, andswerian.


swernes

From Old English swǣrness; equivalent to swere + -nesse.


mysansweren

misansweren (infinitive)
to misansweren (infinitive)
misanswere (infinitive)
misanswere (first-person present singular)
misanswered (first-person past singular)
misanswerest (present second-person singular)
misansweredest (past second-person singular)
misanswereth (present singular third-person)
misanswered (past singular third-person)
misanswere (present singular subjunctive)
misanswered (past singular subjunctive)
misanswere (imperative present singular)
misansweren (plural present)
misanswere (plural present)
misanswereden (past plural)
misanswerede (past plural)
misanswereth (imperative plural present)
misanswere (imperative plural present)
misanswerynge (participle present)
misanswerende (participle present)
misanswered (participle past)
ymisanswered (participle past)

English: misanswer

To answer in a contemptuous or insulting way.


answerynge

English: answering

An answer; the act of answering or explaining.


swaren

swaren (infinitive)
to swaren (infinitive)
sware (infinitive)
sware (first-person present singular)
swared (first-person past singular)
swarest (present second-person singular)
swaredest (past second-person singular)
swareth (present singular third-person)
swared (past singular third-person)
sware (present singular subjunctive)
swared (past singular subjunctive)
sware (imperative present singular)
swaren (plural present)
sware (plural present)
swareden (past plural)
swarede (past plural)
swareth (imperative plural present)
sware (imperative plural present)
swarynge (participle present)
swarende (participle present)
swared (participle past)
yswared (participle past)

Inherited from Old English *swarian, from Proto-Germanic *swarōną; equivalent to sware + -en (infinitival suffix).

To answer or respond; to offer a response.


answeren

answeren (third-person singular simple present answereth, present participle answerende, answerynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle answered)

answereth (present singular third-person)
answerende (participle present)
answerynge (participle present)
answered (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
answeren (infinitive)
to answeren (infinitive)
answere (infinitive)
answere (first-person present singular)
answered (first-person past singular)
answerde (first-person past singular)
answerest (present second-person singular)
answeredest (past second-person singular)
answerdest (past second-person singular)
answereth (present singular third-person)
answered (past singular third-person)
answerde (past singular third-person)
answere (present singular subjunctive)
answered (past singular subjunctive)
answerde (past singular subjunctive)
answere (imperative present singular)
answeren (plural present)
answere (plural present)
answereden (past plural)
answerede (past plural)
answerden (past plural)
answerde (past plural)
answereth (imperative plural present)
answere (imperative plural present)
answerynge (participle present)
answerende (participle present)
answered (participle past)
answerd (participle past)
yanswered (participle past)
yanswerd (participle past)

English: answer

Scots: answer

From Old English andswerian (from Proto-Germanic *andaswarjaną) and Old English andswarian (from Proto-Germanic *andaswarōną); equivalent to and- + swaren or answere + -en (infinitival suffix).

To answer or respond; to offer a response:

(especially law) To provide an explanation; to justify or refute.

(religion) To explain oneself at the Last Judgement.

(rare) To respond to a request for assistance.

(rare) To provide one's choice as a response.

To be responsible for (a task, another person):

(religion) To be liable for; to suffer for.

To match or correspond to (in number or nature)

(rare, of crops) To net; to provide sustenance.


swerven

swerven (infinitive)
to swerven (infinitive)
swerve (infinitive)
swerve (first-person present singular)
swerved (first-person past singular)
swarf (first-person past singular)
swervest (present second-person singular)
swervedest (past second-person singular)
sworve (past second-person singular)
swarf (past second-person singular)
swerveth (present singular third-person)
swerved (past singular third-person)
swarf (past singular third-person)
swerve (present singular subjunctive)
swerved (past singular subjunctive)
sworve (past singular subjunctive)
swerve (imperative present singular)
swerven (plural present)
swerve (plural present)
swerveden (past plural)
swervede (past plural)
sworven (past plural)
sworve (past plural)
swerveth (imperative plural present)
swerve (imperative plural present)
swervynge (participle present)
swervende (participle present)
swerved (participle past)
sworven (participle past)
sworve (participle past)

English: swerve, swarve

Scots: swerve, swarve, swerfe, swarfe

From Old English sweorfan, from Proto-Germanic *swerbaną; a cognate of Middle Low German swerven, Middle Dutch swerven, and Middle High German swerben.

To leave (from one's view); to rotate away from.

To move or go unsteadily, unpredictably or erratically.

To bounce off; to avoid (hitting someone)

To repudiate or renounce; to end association with.

(rare, of emotion) To stop being present or affecting one.


hornepipe

English: hornpipe

From horn + pipe (referring to its material of composition).


hornere

English: horner

(rare) A hornblower; a person who blows a horn.


hornynge

English: horning

The adding, inlaying or insertion of horn on something.

(surgery) The utilisation of a horn for suction.


salsefleume

sauce flewme
sauce flewme#Middle_English


saucerie

English: saucery (historical)

From Old French sausserie; equivalent to sauce + -erie.

A part of a manor or a facility which manufactures sauce; a saucery.


fleumatik

English: phlegmatic (remodelled after Latin)

From Old French fleumatique, from Latin phlegmāticus.

Phlegmatic; containing or made of the humour of phlegm.

Caused by an overabundance or overflow of phlegm; made due to too much phlegm.

Phlegmatic in temprament; lacking emotion, excitement or passion.

(rare) Generating, creating or making phlegm.


sauce flewme

From Old French saussefleume; equivalent to sauce + flewme.

A purported disease caused by lechery and gluttony and causing boils and reddening of the skin.

Saline matter expelled from the mouth, such as sputum, spit, or mucus.


sauce flewme

The state of being affected by or showing symptoms of this disease.


saucen

saucen (infinitive)
to saucen (infinitive)
sauce (infinitive)
sauce (first-person present singular)
sauced (first-person past singular)
saucest (present second-person singular)
saucedest (past second-person singular)
sauceth (present singular third-person)
sauced (past singular third-person)
sauce (present singular subjunctive)
sauced (past singular subjunctive)
sauce (imperative present singular)
saucen (plural present)
sauce (plural present)
sauceden (past plural)
saucede (past plural)
sauceth (imperative plural present)
sauce (imperative plural present)
saucynge (participle present)
saucende (participle present)
sauced (participle past)
ysauced (participle past)

English: sauce

Borrowed from Old French saussier; equivalent to sauce + -en (infinitival suffix).

To add condiments or sauces to food; to dress food.


flewme

desc

dialectal <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">fleam</i>

English: phlegm (dialectal fleam)

Scots: fleem

From Old French fleume, from Latin phlegma, from Ancient Greek φλέγμα (phlégma). For the change of /ɛu̯/ to /ɛː/ before /m/, compare rewme.

Phlegm as one of the four cardinal humours believed to influence health and mood.

Phlegm, sputum or a similar mucous substance; material coughed up.

A phlegmatic feeling or something that induces or causes it.


malencolious

English: melancholious (obsolete)

From Middle French melancolieus; equivalent to malencolie + -ous.

Made of or containing black bile or melancholy.

Having one's mood or emotional state changed by black bile:

furious, irascible; full of anger and wroth.

upset, depressed; full of sadness and woe.

Due to the influence or presence of black bile.

(rare) Affected by a disease caused by too much black bile.

(rare) Under the influence of or governed by black bile.

(rare) Having a proclivity to produce black bile.


malencolien

From Old French malancolien; equivalent to malencolie + -ien.

(of celestial bodies) In the right spot for creation of black bile.

Ireful, wrothful, furious: full of anger, wroth, or ire.


malencolik

English: melancholic (remodelled after Greek)

From Old French melancolique, from Ancient Greek μελαγχολικός (melankholikós); equivalent to malencolie + -ik.

der

μελαγχολικός

Having one's mood changed by black bile; depressed or raging.


malencolie

English: melancholy (remodelled after Latin)

From Old French melancolie, from Late Latin melancholia, from Ancient Greek μελαγχολία (melankholía). Many forms of this word show influence from Old French mal (“bad”).

Black bile as one of the four cardinal humours believed to influence health and mood.

The mood or psychological state believed to result from the influence of black bile:

Ire, wroth, fury: the state of being or feeling angry or ireful.

(Late Middle English) Melancholy, sadness, depression, or gloominess; the state of feeling sad.

A supposed affliction caused by an excessive amount or quantity of black bile.


malencolie

Scots: melancholy (remodelled after Latin)

Yola: malaunchly (remodelled after Latin)

Tending to be under the influence of black bile.

Made of or containing black bile or melancholy.

(rare) Due to the influence of black bile.


secound

Alternative form of secunde (“after the first”)


secundarili

English: secondarily

Secondly; having the second place or for the second time.

(rare) Secondarily; with lesser importance or power.


secounde

Alternative form of secunde (“sixtieth part of a minute”)


collusioun

English: collusion

From Old French collusion, from Latin collūsiō.

An agreement made under secrecy (usually to go against the law).

An action of deception or fraud; an example of dishonesty.


colerik

English: choleric

From Old French colerique, from Latin cholericus; equivalent to coler (“choler”) + -ik.

Having an extreme and dangerous quantity of yellow bile.

Due to the influence or presence of yellow bile.

14th c., Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales, General Prologue, line 589,
The REVE was a sclendre colerik man.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Having one's mood changed by yellow bile; easily angered.

(rare) Made of or containing yellow bile or choler.

(rare) Under the influence of or governed by yellow bile.

(rare) Having a proclivity to promote black bile.


flawmy

English: flamy


flawme

English: flame

Scots: flam

Borrowed from Old French flame, from Latin flamma, from Proto-Italic *flagmā. Some forms influenced by Old French flambe, flamble, from Latin flammula.

A flame; a visible tongue of gas and vapour forming part of a fire.

Fire (in the abstract or an instantiation)

Intensity of belief or passion; the magnitude of one's emotional output.

(rare) A kind of flowering plant with fiery-coloured petals.


flawmen

flawmen (infinitive)
to flawmen (infinitive)
flawme (infinitive)
flawme (first-person present singular)
flawmed (first-person past singular)
flawmest (present second-person singular)
flawmedest (past second-person singular)
flawmeth (present singular third-person)
flawmed (past singular third-person)
flawme (present singular subjunctive)
flawmed (past singular subjunctive)
flawme (imperative present singular)
flawmen (plural present)
flawme (plural present)
flawmeden (past plural)
flawmede (past plural)
flawmeth (imperative plural present)
flawme (imperative plural present)
flawmynge (participle present)
flawmende (participle present)
flawmed (participle past)
yflawmed (participle past)

English: flame

Scots: flam

Borrowed from Old French flamber, flammer; equivalent to flawme + -en (infinitival suffix).

To produce or release flames; to flame or be alight.

To produce or release bright light; to glimmer or sheen.

To stoke or incite feelings or beliefs; to motivate.

(rare) To coat food in a basting, rub, or glaze.

(rare) To emit, release, or produce sparkling or embers.

(rare) To emit or release a smell, scent, or stench.

(rare, theology) To release light or brightness onto someone.


ratoner

English: rattoner


cleen

From Old English *clēn, alternative form of clawan.


cle

English: cley (dialectal)

From Old English clēa, from Proto-Germanic *klawō. Doublet of clawe.

A claw; a horny nail on the feet of certain animals.

A hoof; a horny toe on the feet of equids.

(rare) A claw-shaped implement or point.


clawynge

English: clawing

A scratch or clawing motion with the claws.


clawe

English: claw

Scots: claw, clau

From Old English clawu, from Proto-Germanic *klawō. Doublet of cle.