bekenen

bekenen (infinitive)
to bekenen (infinitive)
bekene (infinitive)
bekene (first-person present singular)
bekened (first-person past singular)
bekenest (present second-person singular)
bekenedest (past second-person singular)
bekeneth (present singular third-person)
bekened (past singular third-person)
bekene (present singular subjunctive)
bekened (past singular subjunctive)
bekene (imperative present singular)
bekenen (plural present)
bekene (plural present)
bekeneden (past plural)
bekenede (past plural)
bekeneth (imperative plural present)
bekene (imperative plural present)
bekenynge (participle present)
bekenende (participle present)
bekened (participle past)
ybekened (participle past)

English: beckon; beck

Middle Scots: bekin

Inherited from Old English bēacnian and bīecnan. Equivalent to beken + -en (infinitival suffix). In some forms, the -n- of the stem has been reanalysed as a infinitival suffix.

To indicate soundlessly, especially using one's hands.

To beckon; to indicate to come forwards.

(rare) To indicate a specific object; to select.


beknien

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of bekenen


hayre

Thenne vpon the morne whanne the good man had songe his masse / thenne they buryed the dede man / Thenne syr launcelot sayd / fader what shalle I do / Now sayd the good man / I requyre yow take this hayre that was this holy mans and putte it nexte thy skynne / and it shalle preuaylle the gretely

1485, Sir Thomas Malory, “ij”, in Le Morte Darthur, book XV:

Then in the morning when the priest had sung mass / then they buried the dead man/ then Sir Lancelot said/ Father what shall I do / Now said the priest / I require you to take this hair that was this saint's and put it on your scalp / and it shall serve you greatly

I requyre you take thys hayre that was thys holy mannes and put hit nexte thy skynne, and hit shall prevayle the gretly.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


eldefader

English: eldfather

Scots: eld-fader (obsolete)

From Old English ealdefæder, ealdfæder. Cognate with Old Frisian aldefader, aldfader.


clething

English: cleading

desc

Scots: cleidin, cleeding, cleiding, cleading

An item or items of clothes; something to be worn.

(rare) The victualling or provision of garments.


clethen

clethen (infinitive)
to clethen (infinitive)
clethe (infinitive)
clethe (first-person present singular)
cledde (first-person past singular)
clethest (present second-person singular)
cleddest (past second-person singular)
cletheth (present singular third-person)
cledde (past singular third-person)
clethe (present singular subjunctive)
cledde (past singular subjunctive)
clethe (imperative present singular)
clethen (plural present)
clethe (plural present)
cledden (past plural)
cledde (past plural)
cletheth (imperative plural present)
clethe (imperative plural present)
clethynge (participle present)
clethende (participle present)
cled (participle past)
clethed (participle past)
ycled (participle past)
yclethed (participle past)

Scots: cleed, cleid, cleethe

From Northumbrian Old English clǣðdon, variant of *clǣþian, from clǣþ; equivalent to clethe + -en (infinitival suffix).

(transitive, intransitive) To clothe; to put clothing on.

(reflexive) To wear; to put clothing on oneself.

(transitive) To give clothes or garments to.

(transitive) To enclose; to surround as to hide.

(rare, reflexive) To gain a trait; to immerse in an abstract quantity.

(rare, transitive, intransitive) To decorate or ornament.


clother

English: clothier

(rare) A cloth-merchant; a retailer of linen.


clethe

From Old English clǣþ, variant of clāþ, from Proto-Germanic *klaiþą.

Cloth; fabric, especially when used for covering wounds.

An item of clothes; something to be worn.


clothles

English: clotheless (obsolete)

/ˈklɔːðlɛːs/


læddræ

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of laddre


clete

English: clithe (obsolete)

From Old English *clǣte; compare Old High German kletta, kletto.


clete

English: cleat, clate

Scots: clat, clete, clett, claitt; cloot, clute, cluit, clitt

From Old English *clēat, cleōt, from Proto-Germanic *klautaz.


laddre

English: ladder

Scots: ledder

Inherited from Old English hlǣder, hlædder, from Proto-West Germanic *hlaidriju, from Proto-Germanic *hlaidrijō. The final vowel is generalised from the Old English oblique forms.

(figurative, Christianity) A symbol of the progressive journey into Heaven.

(figurative, rare) A path method consisting of multiple steps.


stiborn

‘Stiborn I was as is a leonesse,
And of my tonge a verray Iangleresse,
And walke I wolde, as I had doon biforn,

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Wife of Bath's Prologue, The Canterbury Tales, line 637-640

‘I was as stubborn as is a lioness,
And of my tongue a true chatterbox,
And I would walk, as I had done before,
From house to house, although he had sworn the contrary.’

From hous to hous, al-though he had it sworn.’


stiborne

English: stubborn

Scots: stubborn (obsolete)

(Late Middle English) stubborn, refractory, unruly; hard to deal with and principled.


stifly

English: stiffly

Scots: stiffly

Stiffly, firmly, unmoveably; in a way that makes something or is difficult or to move or manipulate.

Bravely, heroically, daringly; in a commendable way.

With strong resolve; unyieldingly or strong-mindedly.

Repeatedly, obstinately; adamantly; without giving up.

Bloodily, injuriously, woundingly; in a way causing injury or challenge.

Profoundly, meaningfully, in an in-depth way.

(rare) Speedily; in a fast or rushed manner.


stiffenes

English: stiffness

Stiffness, firmness, rigidness; especially in a medical context.


stif

head

stif (comparative stiffer, superlative stiffeste)

stiffer (comparative)
stiffeste (superlative)

English: stiff

Scots: stif, stiff, steif

Yola: stiff

From Old English stīf, from Proto-West Germanic *stīf. The variant with a short vowel is probably from the comparative.

Stiff, firm, hard; difficult to move or manipulate.

Strong, fixed, hardy well-built; constructed as to last.

Having strong resolve; unyielding or strong-minded.

Having great strength, might or ability; mightful.

Having great force or potence; forceful.

Bloody, injurious, wounding; causing injury or challenge.


stif

stif (plural and weak singular stiffer, comparative stiffest)

stiffer (plural)
stiffer (singular weak)
stiffest (comparative)

Stiffly, firmly, unmoveably; in a way that is difficult to move or manipulate.

(rare) Daringly, bravely, forcefully, totally.


tabyll

From a conflation of Old French table and Old English tabele.


tablen

tablen (infinitive)
to tablen (infinitive)
table (infinitive)
table (first-person present singular)
tabled (first-person past singular)
tablest (present second-person singular)
tabledest (past second-person singular)
tableth (present singular third-person)
tabled (past singular third-person)
table (present singular subjunctive)
tabled (past singular subjunctive)
table (imperative present singular)
tablen (plural present)
table (plural present)
tableden (past plural)
tablede (past plural)
tableth (imperative plural present)
table (imperative plural present)
tablynge (participle present)
tablende (participle present)
tabled (participle past)
ytabled (participle past)

English: table

(rare) To notarise the official roles of people.


tade

(Northern, Early Middle English) Alternative form of tode


shuldrebone

schulder bone
schulder bone#Middle_English


schuldren

From Old English sċuldran; equivalent to schuldre + -en (plural suffix).


schulderyng

English: shouldering

Yola: shullereen

(rare) The action of nudging an object or person using the shoulder.

(rare) A stand or other support for a ship


schulder-blade

English: shoulderblade

(rare) The scapula or shoulder bone (bone behind the shoulder).


schulder bone

English: shoulder bone


schulderen

schulderen (infinitive)
to schulderen (infinitive)
schuldere (infinitive)
schuldere (first-person present singular)
schuldered (first-person past singular)
schulderest (present second-person singular)
schulderedest (past second-person singular)
schuldereth (present singular third-person)
schuldered (past singular third-person)
schuldere (present singular subjunctive)
schuldered (past singular subjunctive)
schuldere (imperative present singular)
schulderen (plural present)
schuldere (plural present)
schuldereden (past plural)
schulderede (past plural)
schuldereth (imperative plural present)
schuldere (imperative plural present)
schulderynge (participle present)
schulderende (participle present)
schuldered (participle past)
yschuldered (participle past)

English: shoulder

From schuldre + -en (infinitival suffix).


chaundeler

English: chandler, candler

Scots: chandler

From Old French chandelier, from Latin candelārius; equivalent to candel + -er.


bladyn

bladyn (infinitive)
to bladyn (infinitive)
blade (infinitive)
blade (first-person present singular)
bladed (first-person past singular)
bladest (present second-person singular)
bladedest (past second-person singular)
bladeth (present singular third-person)
bladed (past singular third-person)
blade (present singular subjunctive)
bladed (past singular subjunctive)
blade (imperative present singular)
bladen (plural present)
blade (plural present)
bladeden (past plural)
bladede (past plural)
bladeth (imperative plural present)
blade (imperative plural present)
bladynge (participle present)
bladende (participle present)
bladed (participle past)
ybladed (participle past)


schuldre

enm-noun

schuldre (plural schuldres or schuldren)

English: shoulder

desc

Scots: schulder, schoulder, schouldir, schuder

Yola: shuller

From Old English sċuldra, sċuldor, from Proto-West Germanic *skuldru.

And ſotheli Sem and Jafeth puttiden a mentil on her ſchuldris, and thei ȝeden bacward, and hileden the ſchameful membris of her fadir, and her faces weren turned awei, and thei ſien not the priuy membris of her fadir.

a. 1382, John Wycliffe, “Genesis 9:23”, in Wycliffe's Bible:

Due to that, Shem and Japheth put a mantle on their shoulders, and they went backwards and covered their father's nether regions, so that they didn't see their father's privates.

The shoulder (as a joint or as a region of the body).

(figurative) One's strength or carrying capacity.

The shoulder as a cut of meat; the meat surrounding the shoulder as food.

The part of a piece of clothing which surrounds the shoulder.


bladdren

bladdren (infinitive)
to bladdren (infinitive)
bladdre (infinitive)
bladdre (first-person present singular)
bladdred (first-person past singular)
bladdrest (present second-person singular)
bladdredest (past second-person singular)
bladdreth (present singular third-person)
bladdred (past singular third-person)
bladdre (present singular subjunctive)
bladdred (past singular subjunctive)
bladdre (imperative present singular)
bladdren (plural present)
bladdre (plural present)
bladdreden (past plural)
bladdrede (past plural)
bladdreth (imperative plural present)
bladdre (imperative plural present)
bladdrynge (participle present)
bladdrende (participle present)
bladdred (participle past)
ybladdred (participle past)

From bladdre + -en (infinitival suffix).


bladdre

English: bladder

Scots: bledder, blether

Yola: blautheer

From Old English blǣdre, blǣddre, blēdre, from Proto-West Germanic *blādrā, from Proto-Germanic *blēdrǭ.

Any other bladder or sac; often used in medicine.


kemmpe

(Ormulum) Alternative form of kempe (“soldier”)


kempes

From kempe (“soldier”) + -es (“plural suffix”).


kempes

From kempe (“fish vat”) + -es (“plural suffix”).


champioun

English: champion (see there for further descendants)

Scots: champion

From Old French champiun, champion, from Medieval Latin campiō, from Proto-Germanic *kampijô. Doublet of kempe (“soldier”).

A sportsperson who utilises brute strength; a martial artist.

A combatant or soldier; especially referring to a one who fights alone.

A guardian or safeguarder; one who provides safety or security.

A promoter or evangelist of a cause or belief.

A winner; one who emerges victorious from a challenge.

(rare) A representative appointed to fight in place of another.


glæu

Alternative form of gleu (“knowledgeable”)


gleowen

Alternative form of glewen (“to play music”)


cleyed

English: clayed

(Late Middle English, rare) Covered in clay for adhesion.


cleyye

English: clayey


gleue

Alternative form of glewen (“to play music, have fun”).


gleowinge

(rare) Singing; the performance of music.


glewer

English: gluer


glewysch

English: gluish


gluynge

English: gluing

(rare) The action of connecting via adhesive.

(rare) The property of connecting via adhesive; glueyness; viscidity


clemen

clemen (infinitive)
to clemen (infinitive)
cleme (infinitive)
cleme (first-person present singular)
clemed (first-person past singular)
clemest (present second-person singular)
clemedest (past second-person singular)
clemeth (present singular third-person)
clemed (past singular third-person)
cleme (present singular subjunctive)
clemed (past singular subjunctive)
cleme (imperative present singular)
clemen (plural present)
cleme (plural present)
clemeden (past plural)
clemede (past plural)
clemeth (imperative plural present)
cleme (imperative plural present)
clemynge (participle present)
clemende (participle present)
clemed (participle past)
yclemed (participle past)

To rub with plaster or stucco, especially for adherence.

(rare) To cause to adhere (especially to something else).


gleu

From Old English glēaw, from Proto-Germanic *glawwaz.

(Early Middle English) knowledgeable, adept, skilled, judicious, kind


glewy

English: gluey


glewen

glewen (infinitive)
to glewen (infinitive)
glewe (infinitive)
glewe (first-person present singular)
glewed (first-person past singular)
glewest (present second-person singular)
glewedest (past second-person singular)
gleweth (present singular third-person)
glewed (past singular third-person)
glewe (present singular subjunctive)
glewed (past singular subjunctive)
glewe (imperative present singular)
glewen (plural present)
glewe (plural present)
gleweden (past plural)
glewede (past plural)
gleweth (imperative plural present)
glewe (imperative plural present)
glewynge (participle present)
glewende (participle present)
glewed (participle past)
yglewed (participle past)

From Old English glīwian, from Proto-Germanic *glīwwōną.

To play music or songs; to please with music.

To celebrate; to have fun rise in mirth or gaiety.

(rare) To cause to be happy; to satisfy.


glewen

English: glue

To glue (to each other); to connect with adhesive.

To connect together; to unify, link, or shut; to cause two things to come connected.

(rare) To embed; to install into something.

(rare) To render oneself culpable or connected to something.


batailloure

English: battler

Borrowed from Old French batailleor; equivalent to batayle + -er.


bataylous

English: battailous

From Old French bataillos; equivalent to batayle + -ous.

(rare) Prepared for war; competent at fighting


bataylen

bataylen (infinitive)
to bataylen (infinitive)
batayle (infinitive)
batayle (first-person present singular)
batayled (first-person past singular)
bataylest (present second-person singular)
batayledest (past second-person singular)
batayleth (present singular third-person)
batayled (past singular third-person)
batayle (present singular subjunctive)
batayled (past singular subjunctive)
batayle (imperative present singular)
bataylen (plural present)
batayle (plural present)
batayleden (past plural)
bataylede (past plural)
batayleth (imperative plural present)
batayle (imperative plural present)
bataylynge (participle present)
bataylende (participle present)
batayled (participle past)
ybatayled (participle past)

English: battle

From Old French bataillier; equivalent to batayle + -en (infinitival suffix).

To battle; to enter into combat; especially for some greater purpose.


batail

Thenne kyng Arthur made redy his hooſt in x batails and Nero was redy in the felde afore the caſtel Tarabil with a grete hooſt / & he had x batails with many mo peple than Arthur had [...]

1470–1485 (date produced), Thomas Malory, “Capitulum x”, in [Le Morte Darthur], book II, [London: […] by William Caxton], published 31 July 1485, →OCLC, leaf 43, verso; republished as H[einrich] Oskar Sommer, editor, Le Morte Darthur […], London: David Nutt, […], 1889, →OCLC, page 86, lines 28–31:

Then King Arthur made ready his host in 10 battles and Nero was ready in the field before the castle Tarabil with a great host / and he had 10 battles with many more people than Arthur had …


browe

English: brow

Geordie English: broo

Scots: broo

Inherited from Old English brū, from Proto-West Germanic *brūu, from Proto-Germanic *brūwō. The final vowel is generalised from the Old English oblique forms.

The eyebrow (line of hair above the eyes)

The brow (part of the head the eyebrows are situated on)


bataylynge

English: battling


bordcloth

English: boardcloth (obsolete)

Inherited from Old English bordclāþ; equivalent to bord + cloth.

tablecloth (cloth covering a dinner table)


bourdeful

English: bourdful (obsolete)


bourdour

English: bourder (obsolete)

Borrowed from Old French bordeor, bourdour; equivalent to bourden + -our.

A comedian or clown; one who amuses others for a living.

(rare) A ridiculer; one who mocks another.


burtynge

Alternative form of bourdyng (“sparring”)


burtyn

Alternative form of bourden (“to conflict”)


bourden

bourden (infinitive)
to bourden (infinitive)
bourde (infinitive)
bourde (first-person present singular)
bourded (first-person past singular)
bourdest (present second-person singular)
bourdedest (past second-person singular)
bourdeth (present singular third-person)
bourded (past singular third-person)
bourde (present singular subjunctive)
bourded (past singular subjunctive)
bourde (imperative present singular)
bourden (plural present)
bourde (plural present)
bourdeden (past plural)
bourdede (past plural)
bourdeth (imperative plural present)
bourde (imperative plural present)
bourdynge (participle present)
bourdende (participle present)
bourded (participle past)
ybourded (participle past)

English: bourd (obsolete)

Borrowed from Old French bourder, from bourde (“blunder”).

To jape; to make fun of or practice humour.


bourden

English: burt (obsolete)

To engage in jousts or spar; to conflict.


sseld

(Kent, Southern) Alternative form of scheld


glouworm

English: glowworm, glow-worm


schildyng

English: shielding


shelden

shelden (infinitive)
to shelden (infinitive)
shelde (infinitive)
shelde (first-person present singular)
shelded (first-person past singular)
sheldest (present second-person singular)
sheldedest (past second-person singular)
sheldeth (present singular third-person)
shelded (past singular third-person)
shelde (present singular subjunctive)
shelded (past singular subjunctive)
shelde (imperative present singular)
shelden (plural present)
shelde (plural present)
sheldeden (past plural)
sheldede (past plural)
sheldeth (imperative plural present)
shelde (imperative plural present)
sheldynge (participle present)
sheldende (participle present)
shelded (participle past)
yshelded (participle past)

English: shield

From Old English scildan, Proto-Germanic *skildijaną; equivalent to scheld + -en (infinitival suffix).


glowen

glowen (infinitive)
to glowen (infinitive)
glowe (infinitive)
glowe (first-person present singular)
glowed (first-person past singular)
glew (first-person past singular)
glowest (present second-person singular)
glowedest (past second-person singular)
glewe (past second-person singular)
glew (past second-person singular)
gloweth (present singular third-person)
glowed (past singular third-person)
glew (past singular third-person)
glowe (present singular subjunctive)
glowed (past singular subjunctive)
glewe (past singular subjunctive)
glowe (imperative present singular)
glowen (plural present)
glowe (plural present)
gloweden (past plural)
glowede (past plural)
glewen (past plural)
glewe (past plural)
gloweth (imperative plural present)
glowe (imperative plural present)
glowynge (participle present)
glowende (participle present)
glowed (participle past)
glowen (participle past)
glowe (participle past)
yglowed (participle past)
yglowen (participle past)

English: glow

Scots: glow

From Old English glōwan, from Proto-Germanic *glōaną.

To emit brightness or colour without warmth; to have variegation.

To feel strong emotion, especially irritation.

(Christianity, rare) To be in pain or agony from the fires of Hell.


pantyr

Alternative form of panter (“noose for fowl”)


panterere

English: pantler

From panetrie + -er; some forms have dissimilation of the two /r/ sounds.

A pantler (manager of the pantry and food)


panetrie

English: pantry

Scots: pantry

A pantry; a storehouse or storage area, usually for comestibles

(figurative) A source or origin of some desirable thing.


herne panne

English: harnpan, harn-pan

Scots: harn-pan


brayny

English: brainy


braynles

English: brainless


brayn panne

English: brainpan, brain-pan

Scots: branepan (obsolete)

From Old English bræġenpanne; equivalent to brayn + panne.

The skull or brainpan, especially the upper portion.


brayn

English: brain

Scots: brane, braine

Yola: bryne, brine, brian

From Old English bræġn, from Proto-West Germanic *bragn, from Proto-Germanic *bragną.

The brain or cerebrum; the organ of thought.

Brain matter; the substance the brain is made of.

Bone marrow; the substance inside bones.


braynen

braynen (infinitive)
to braynen (infinitive)
brayne (infinitive)
brayne (first-person present singular)
brayned (first-person past singular)
braynest (present second-person singular)
braynedest (past second-person singular)
brayneth (present singular third-person)
brayned (past singular third-person)
brayne (present singular subjunctive)
brayned (past singular subjunctive)
brayne (imperative present singular)
braynen (plural present)
brayne (plural present)
brayneden (past plural)
braynede (past plural)
brayneth (imperative plural present)
brayne (imperative plural present)
braynynge (participle present)
braynende (participle present)
brayned (participle past)
ybrayned (participle past)

English: brain

Scots: brane, brain

To fatally wound via a hit on the brain.


heronsewe

English: heronsew, hernshaw

Scots: heronshew, hernshaw

From Old French haironcel, diminutive of heiron.

I wol nat tellen / of hir strange sewes / Ne of hir swannes / nor of hire heronsewes […].

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Squyers Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:

Ardea cinerea
Ardea cinerea#Translingual

The young of the grey heron (Ardea cinerea)


scrabbe

Alternative form of crabbe (“crabapple”)


crabbidly

English: crabbedly

Scots: crabbitly

(rare) spitefully; in an ill-tempered way.


crabben

From Old English crabban, from Proto-Germanic *krabbaniz; equivalent to crabbe (“crab”) + -en (plural suffix).


crabben

Fro crabbe (“crabapple”) + -en (plural suffix).


crabbednes

English: crabbedness

Scots: crabbitness


loppestere

English: lobster

Scots: lapster, labster

Yola: labstaar

From Old English loppestre; equivalent to loppe + -estere.


yfele

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of yvel (“evilly”)


æpple

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of appel


appeltre

enm-noun

appeltre (plural appel tres or appultreen)

desc

English: apple-tree, apple tree, appletree

Scots: aipple-tree, aipple tree

Inherited from Old English æppeltrēow; equivalent to appel + tre.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica#Translingual


kirnelly

English: kernelly

(rare) glandular, containing many glands or tumours.


grayn

English: grain

Scots: grain

Borrowed from Old Norse grein, from Proto-Germanic *grainiz.

(rare) A forking channel or pass; a fjord or estuary.

(rare) The part of the body between one's legs.

(rare) A component or portion of something.


greyn

English: grain

Scots: grain

Yola: gryne

Borrowed from Old French grain, from Latin grānum, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵr̥h₂nóm. Doublet of corn.

A grain; a cereal seed (especially as food).

The seed of any plant (especially a fruit or nut).

A grain or seed used as a unit of weight.

A plant that bears grain (especially wheat).

But first he cheweth greyn and lycorys / To smellen sweete, er he hadde kembd his heer.

a. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Knight's Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, lines 3690–3691:

Though first he chews spices and licorice, / To smell sweet before he'd combed his hair.

grains of paradise
grains of paradise#English

A small mote or speck, especially of valuable substances:

A spice or condiment (especially grains of paradise).

Grain (die made with crushed insects, or a similar long-lasting dye)


kernellen

kernellen (infinitive)
to kernellen (infinitive)
kernelle (infinitive)
kernelle (first-person present singular)
kernelled (first-person past singular)
kernellest (present second-person singular)
kernelledest (past second-person singular)
kernelleth (present singular third-person)
kernelled (past singular third-person)
kernelle (present singular subjunctive)
kernelled (past singular subjunctive)
kernelle (imperative present singular)
kernellen (plural present)
kernelle (plural present)
kernelleden (past plural)
kernellede (past plural)
kernelleth (imperative plural present)
kernelle (imperative plural present)
kernellynge (participle present)
kernellende (participle present)
kernelled (participle past)
ykernelled (participle past)

(rare) To separate cereals from the plant.


greynyng

English: graining

(rare) The process of dyeing textiles or leather.


grayned

English: grained


dælfen

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of delven


swellynge

English: swelling

Scots: swallin

(medicine) A swelling or growth of a body part or injury.

(medicine) An unnatural excrescence or projection.

(rare) A rise (an upwards movement in something)


greynen

greynen (infinitive)
to greynen (infinitive)
greyne (infinitive)
greyne (first-person present singular)
greyned (first-person past singular)
greynest (present second-person singular)
greynedest (past second-person singular)
greyneth (present singular third-person)
greyned (past singular third-person)
greyne (present singular subjunctive)
greyned (past singular subjunctive)
greyne (imperative present singular)
greynen (plural present)
greyne (plural present)
greyneden (past plural)
greynede (past plural)
greyneth (imperative plural present)
greyne (imperative plural present)
greynynge (participle present)
greynende (participle present)
greyned (participle past)
ygreyned (participle past)

English: grain


delvere

English: delver

Scots: delver

From Old English delfere; equivalent to delven + -er.


swelle

English: swell

(rare, medicine) A swelling or bloating.


engreynen

engreynen (infinitive)
to engreynen (infinitive)
engreyne (infinitive)
engreyne (first-person present singular)
engreyned (first-person past singular)
engreynest (present second-person singular)
engreynedest (past second-person singular)
engreyneth (present singular third-person)
engreyned (past singular third-person)
engreyne (present singular subjunctive)
engreyned (past singular subjunctive)
engreyne (imperative present singular)
engreynen (plural present)
engreyne (plural present)
engreyneden (past plural)
engreynede (past plural)
engreyneth (imperative plural present)
engreyne (imperative plural present)
engreynynge (participle present)
engreynende (participle present)
engreyned (participle past)
yengreyned (participle past)

English: ingrain

From Old French en grain; equivalent to en- + greynen.

(rare) To apply dye to; to colour via dye.


delvynge

Inherited from Old English delfung; equivalent to delven + -ing.


delvynge

English: delving

Scots: delving, dellin

Yola: delleen, dellen


unserchable

English: unsearchable


serchynge

English: searching

A search, look or inspection of something.

(rare) A check for quality; quality assurance.

(rare, hunting) The process of finding one's quarry.


serchour

English: searcher

Scots: saircher

/ˈsɛːrt͡ʃər/

Borrowed from Old French cercheor; equivalent to serchen + -our.

A searcher; an investigator or scrutiniser.

One who performs checkups or quality control:

A person employed by a guild to ensure adherence to guild guidelines.

A person who levies duties and examines the quality of trade goods.

(rare) An investigator of watches or postings.

A medical implement used to extract or examine.


aserchen

aserchen (infinitive)
to aserchen (infinitive)
aserche (infinitive)
aserche (first-person present singular)
aserched (first-person past singular)
aserchest (present second-person singular)
aserchedest (past second-person singular)
asercheth (present singular third-person)
aserched (past singular third-person)
aserche (present singular subjunctive)
aserched (past singular subjunctive)
aserche (imperative present singular)
aserchen (plural present)
aserche (plural present)
asercheden (past plural)
aserchede (past plural)
asercheth (imperative plural present)
aserche (imperative plural present)
aserchynge (participle present)
aserchende (participle present)
aserched (participle past)
yaserched (participle past)

From Anglo-Norman assercher, Old French acerchier, from a + cerchier (“to seek”); equivalent to a- + serchen.

And so blyue doynge down into the erthe the sackis eche opnyde the which aserchinge, bigynnynge fro the more vnto the leeste, fonde the coppe in the sak of Beniamyn.

1382, John Wycliffe, Genesis XLIV 11-12:

And quickly each put the sacks down on the ground and opened them, which were searched beginning with the oldest and going in order until the youngest; the cup was found in Benjamin's sack.

(rare) To check; to search (into); to examine or investigate.


serchen

serchen (infinitive)
to serchen (infinitive)
serche (infinitive)
serche (first-person present singular)
serched (first-person past singular)
serchest (present second-person singular)
serchedest (past second-person singular)
sercheth (present singular third-person)
serched (past singular third-person)
serche (present singular subjunctive)
serched (past singular subjunctive)
serche (imperative present singular)
serchen (plural present)
serche (plural present)
sercheden (past plural)
serchede (past plural)
sercheth (imperative plural present)
serche (imperative plural present)
serchynge (participle present)
serchende (participle present)
serched (participle past)
yserched (participle past)

English: search

Scots: sairch

/ˈsɛːrt͡ʃən/

/ˈsɛːrd͡ʒən/

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman sercher, from Latin circō; equivalent to serche + -en (infinitival suffix).

To scrutinise; to look at intently or in-depth.

To verify or check; to perform an inspection or checkup.

To comb through (in order to find or investigate something).

To find a way or a means of performing an action.

To search, to try to find; to scour:
To scout out or investigate.

To search, to try to find; to scour:
(rare) To forcibly question a captive.

To search, to try to find; to scour:
To forcibly question a captive.

To research; to examine a line of study in-depth.

(rare) To take or perform measurements or readings.


serches

From serche (“search”) + -es (“plural marker”).


serches

From serche (“cut rock”) + -es (“plural marker”).


serche

English: search

Scots: sairch

Yola: surchte

Borrowed from Old French cerche (“search”), from cerchier (“to search”); compare serchen.

bor+

An investigation of goods entering a country.

The privilege to investigate crime (usually violations of guild code)

A supervisor of a convent (monastery for women).

(rare, Late Middle English) An inspection or inquest of goods or products.

(rare, Late Middle English) An in-depth conversation.


serche

Borrowed from Old French cerche (“edge, margin”).


enserching

English: ensearching

(rare, Late Middle English) A inquiry or investigation into something; a piece of research about something.

(rare, Late Middle English) A legal investigation or search.


enserchen

enserchen (infinitive)
to enserchen (infinitive)
enserche (infinitive)
enserche (first-person present singular)
enserched (first-person past singular)
enserchest (present second-person singular)
enserchedest (past second-person singular)
ensercheth (present singular third-person)
enserched (past singular third-person)
enserche (present singular subjunctive)
enserched (past singular subjunctive)
enserche (imperative present singular)
enserchen (plural present)
enserche (plural present)
ensercheden (past plural)
enserchede (past plural)
ensercheth (imperative plural present)
enserche (imperative plural present)
enserchynge (participle present)
enserchende (participle present)
enserched (participle past)
yenserched (participle past)

English: ensearch

/ɛnˈsɛːrt͡ʃən/

From Old French encerchier; equivalent to en- + serche + -en (infinitival suffix).

To search or seek, to try to find; to scour; to attempt to attain.

To scrutinise oneself; to perform introspection.

To attempt to unveil or reveal a malfeasance or wrong.

(Late Middle English) To comb through texts; to research or seek information.

(rare) To scrutinise; to look at intently or in-depth.

(Late Middle English, rare) To look at that which is off-limits; to disturb.

(Late Middle English) To acquire knowledge or information; to make a discovery.

(Late Middle English, rare) To check, inspect or verify; to evaluate the certitude of something.

(Late Middle English, rare) To question.


ensercher

From Old French encercheor; equivalent to enserchen + -er.

(rare) A finder or looker; one who hunts for something.

(rare, Late Middle English) A searcher; an investigator or scrutiniser.


egernesse

English: eagerness

(rare) Acidity; the quality of being sour.


egurdouce

From Old French aigredouce (French aigre-doux); equivalent to egre + douce.

sweet-and-sour sauce
sweet-and-sour sauce

A form of sweet-and-sour sauce, or a meal with it as the main condiment.


chyrnynge

English: churning

(rare, Late Middle English) The process of churning.


egren

egren (infinitive)
to egren (infinitive)
egre (infinitive)
egre (first-person present singular)
egred (first-person past singular)
egrest (present second-person singular)
egredest (past second-person singular)
egreth (present singular third-person)
egred (past singular third-person)
egre (present singular subjunctive)
egred (past singular subjunctive)
egre (imperative present singular)
egren (plural present)
egre (plural present)
egreden (past plural)
egrede (past plural)
egreth (imperative plural present)
egre (imperative plural present)
egrynge (participle present)
egrende (participle present)
egred (participle past)
yegred (participle past)

/ˈɛːɡ(ə)rən/

From Old French aigrier; equivalent to egre + -en (infinitival suffix).

(rare) To make eager; to encourage or induce.


chyrnen

enm-verb

chyrnen (third-person singular simple present chyrneth, present participle chyrnende, chyrnynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle chyrned)

chyrneth (present singular third-person)
chyrnende (participle present)
chyrnynge (participle present)
chyrned (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
chyrnen (infinitive)
to chyrnen (infinitive)
chyrne (infinitive)
chyrne (first-person present singular)
chyrned (first-person past singular)
chyrnest (present second-person singular)
chyrnedest (past second-person singular)
chyrneth (present singular third-person)
chyrned (past singular third-person)
chyrne (present singular subjunctive)
chyrned (past singular subjunctive)
chyrne (imperative present singular)
chyrnen (plural present)
chyrne (plural present)
chyrneden (past plural)
chyrnede (past plural)
chyrneth (imperative plural present)
chyrne (imperative plural present)
chyrnynge (participle present)
chyrnende (participle present)
chyrned (participle past)
ychyrned (participle past)

English: churn


doucen

doucen (infinitive)
to doucen (infinitive)
douce (infinitive)
douce (first-person present singular)
douced (first-person past singular)
doucest (present second-person singular)
doucedest (past second-person singular)
douceth (present singular third-person)
douced (past singular third-person)
douce (present singular subjunctive)
douced (past singular subjunctive)
douce (imperative present singular)
doucen (plural present)
douce (plural present)
douceden (past plural)
doucede (past plural)
douceth (imperative plural present)
douce (imperative plural present)
doucynge (participle present)
doucende (participle present)
douced (participle past)
ydouced (participle past)

(rare, Late Middle English) to make sweet


egerly

English: eagerly

/ˈɛːɡərliːtʃ(ə)/


dousour

English: douceur (in part)

Borrowed from Old French dolçor; equivalent to douce + -our. Doublet of dulcoure.


chyrne

English: churn, kern

Scots: kirn, kern, kurn, curn

Inherited from Old English ċiern, from Proto-West Germanic *kirnijā, Proto-Germanic *kirnijǭ, extension of *kernǭ. Forms with /k/ are from or influenced by the related Old Norse kirna.


wawynge

(rare) The billowing of waves; the flowing of water.


uðe

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of ythe


waverynge

English: wavering


wafyr

(Late Middle English) Alternative form of wafre


waven

waven (infinitive)
to waven (infinitive)
wave (infinitive)
wave (first-person present singular)
waved (first-person past singular)
wavest (present second-person singular)
wavedest (past second-person singular)
waveth (present singular third-person)
waved (past singular third-person)
wave (present singular subjunctive)
waved (past singular subjunctive)
wave (imperative present singular)
waven (plural present)
wave (plural present)
waveden (past plural)
wavede (past plural)
waveth (imperative plural present)
wave (imperative plural present)
wavynge (participle present)
wavende (participle present)
waved (participle past)
ywaved (participle past)

English: wave

Scots: wave

To shake, swing or totter; to move to and fro.

(figurative) To be indecisive or unsure; to waver.

(rare) To wave; to cause to move to and fro.


wawen

wawen (infinitive)
to wawen (infinitive)
wawe (infinitive)
wawe (first-person present singular)
wawed (first-person past singular)
wawest (present second-person singular)
wawedest (past second-person singular)
waweth (present singular third-person)
wawed (past singular third-person)
wawe (present singular subjunctive)
wawed (past singular subjunctive)
wawe (imperative present singular)
wawen (plural present)
wawe (plural present)
waweden (past plural)
wawede (past plural)
waweth (imperative plural present)
wawe (imperative plural present)
wawynge (participle present)
wawende (participle present)
wawed (participle past)
ywawed (participle past)

English: waw

Scots: waw

From Old English wagian, form Proto-Germanic *wagōną. Compare waggen.


wathely

Perilously, riskily; in a dangerous way.


weif

English: waif

Scots: waith, waff

From Anglo-Norman waif, from Old Norse veif (“flag”).

Unowned goods; property lacking an owner:

The privilege of being able to take in such goods.

The money deriving from selling unowned goods.


waveren

waveren (third-person singular simple present wavereth, present participle waverende, waverynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle wavered)

wavereth (present singular third-person)
waverende (participle present)
waverynge (participle present)
wavered (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
waveren (infinitive)
to waveren (infinitive)
wavere (infinitive)
wavere (first-person present singular)
wavered (first-person past singular)
waverest (present second-person singular)
waveredest (past second-person singular)
wavereth (present singular third-person)
wavered (past singular third-person)
wavere (present singular subjunctive)
wavered (past singular subjunctive)
wavere (imperative present singular)
waveren (plural present)
wavere (plural present)
wavereden (past plural)
waverede (past plural)
wavereth (imperative plural present)
wavere (imperative plural present)
waverynge (participle present)
waverende (participle present)
wavered (participle past)
ywavered (participle past)

English: waver

Scots: waver

(figurative) To be mutable or uncertain; to waver or change.

(figurative) To deviate or become morally suspect.


wothe

English: wathe, wothe

Scots: wathe (obsolete)

The condition of being liable to injury or harm; a possible harm, danger, threat, or risk.

The condition of being exposed to injury or harm; peril, hurt or harm; a risk, threat, or cause of harm or injury.

(rare) Retribution; the act of punishment.

(rare) Bloodlust, perfidy, maliciousness.


wothe

Perilous, threatening, potentially injurious.


weyven

weyven (infinitive)
to weyven (infinitive)
weyve (infinitive)
weyve (first-person present singular)
weyved (first-person past singular)
weyvest (present second-person singular)
weyvedest (past second-person singular)
weyveth (present singular third-person)
weyved (past singular third-person)
weyve (present singular subjunctive)
weyved (past singular subjunctive)
weyve (imperative present singular)
weyven (plural present)
weyve (plural present)
weyveden (past plural)
weyvede (past plural)
weyveth (imperative plural present)
weyve (imperative plural present)
weyvynge (participle present)
weyvende (participle present)
weyved (participle past)
yweyved (participle past)

English: waive

Scots: wave (obsolete)

From Anglo-Norman weyver, from waif, from Old Norse veif (“flag”); equivalent to weif + -en (infinitival suffix).

To decide not to engage in or with something; to ignore one's right to do something:

To refuse to perform a task or job or take on a duty.

To waive, renounce or reject something; to give up or go without. (e.g. a cause, a luxury, or a plot of land)

To abscond; to sign out or relieve oneself.

To avoid or to resist engaging in something:

To withstand attack or tempting; to remain unbroken or resistant.

To escape from something; to elude or remain unfindable.

To block; to prevent:
To dismiss; to send away or drive away.

To block; to prevent:
To eliminate, to get rid of or purge.

To deem illegal; to declare someone to be a criminal.

To block; to prevent:
To distract; to stop from entering.

To facilitate the passage of something to someone.

To surrender; to admit or acknowledge defeat.


weyven

English: waive

From Old Norse veifa, from Proto-Germanic *waibijaną.

To shake, waver or totter; to move to and fro:

To dangle; to sway to and fro while suspended.

To move about; to travel aimlessly or erratically.

ye been so ful of sapience / That yow ne liketh, for youre heighe prudence, / To weyven fro the word of Salomon.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “(please specify the story)”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:

(figurative, rare) To be easily convinced to change course; to be uncertain.

To cause to shake, waver or totter; to push around:

(figurative, rare) To make oneself distracted.


hodles

English: hoodless

(Late Middle English) Lacking a hood; hoodless.


hoden

hoden (infinitive)
to hoden (infinitive)
hode (infinitive)
hode (first-person present singular)
hoded (first-person past singular)
hodest (present second-person singular)
hodedest (past second-person singular)
hodeth (present singular third-person)
hoded (past singular third-person)
hode (present singular subjunctive)
hoded (past singular subjunctive)
hode (imperative present singular)
hoden (plural present)
hode (plural present)
hodeden (past plural)
hodede (past plural)
hodeth (imperative plural present)
hode (imperative plural present)
hodynge (participle present)
hodende (participle present)
hoded (participle past)
yhoded (participle past)

English: hode, hade (obsolete)

Scots: hade (obsolete)

From Old English hādian; equivalent to hod + -en (infinitival suffix).

To make holy; to hallow; to appoint as a cleric.


hoden

English: hood

Scots: huid

(rare, Late Middle English) To endow or supply with a hood.


bloynge

Alternative form of blowynge (“blowing”)


bloawen

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of blowen (“to blow”)


blewing

Alternative form of blowynge (“blooming”)


blawyng

(Northern) Alternative form of blowynge (“blowing”)


blawunge

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of blowynge (“blowing”)


avoy

From Old French avoi; further etymology is disputed.

An exclamation of condemnation or shame.


blomere

English: bloomer

From blome (“chunk of iron”) + -er (“agent noun suffix”).


blowere

English: blower

Scots: blawer

From Old English blāwere; equivalent to blowen (“to blow”) + -er.

(rare) A tool or instrument used by blowing.


blowynge

English: blowing

Scots: blawin

Inherited from Old English blāwung; equivalent to blowen (“to blow”) + -ing.

Breathing, respiration (the movement of air in and out of the mouth).

The blowing (of horns); sounding (of music).

The blowing of a fire (to strengthen it).

(rare) Blowing (the movement of wind or air).

(rare) The process of working or refining metal.

(rare, medicine) Inflammation or swelling of a body part.


blowynge

English: blowing

Scots: blawin

Inherited from Old English blāwende; equivalent to blowen (“to blow”) + -ing.

present participle of blowen (“to blow”)


jewell hous

A location where the English royal valuables were stored.


juelrye

English: jewelry, jewellery

From Old French juelerye; equivalent to jueler + -ie.


jueler

English: jeweler, jeweller

From Anglo-Norman jueler; equivalent to juel + -er.


perilouse

inflection of perilous:
strong/weak plural


juel

English: jewel

Scots: jewel

From Anglo-Norman juel; akin to Old French jouel, of disputed origin.

Something of great monetary worth or value, especially when made of gems:

An item of jewelery; a piece of personal ornamentation.

(Late Middle English) A jewel or gem; a precious stone.

(euphemistic, Late Middle English, rare) One of one's testes.

Something of great non-monetary worth or value; a keepsake or artifact.

A well-crafted, well-built, or well-designed object.

A person who is dear to one's heart; a loved one.

A present; something given as thanks or as bribery.


jupartie

English: jeopardy

Scots: jeoparty

From Old French jeu parti, from Medieval Latin iocus partītus. The pronunciation with /d/ may be influenced by -ard.

Jeopardy, danger, peril; the potential to fail.

The state of being unknown or uncertain; uncertainty.

(rare) Injury, disaster or bad luck; a negative event.


chees

first/second/third-person singular past indicative of chesen


byldere

English: builder

→ Macedonian: билдер (bilder)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: bilder

Cyrillic script: би̏лдер


impe

From Old English impian, from Proto-Germanic *impōną.


byldynge

By surface analysis, bylden + -ing; either formed anew or a continuation of Old English bytling.


byldynge

English: building

→ French: building

The construction or design of a building.

(rare) The foundation or start of something.

(rare) Self-improvement or self-realisation.

(rare) One's handiwork or craftsmanship.


perled

(rare) Adorned with pearls (or fake pearls)

(rare, Late Middle English) Having a macula or spot.


ympen

enm-verb

ympen (third-person singular simple present ympeth, present participle ympende, ympynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle ymped)

ympeth (present singular third-person)
ympende (participle present)
ympynge (participle present)
ymped (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
ympen (infinitive)
to ympen (infinitive)
ympe (infinitive)
ympe (first-person present singular)
ymped (first-person past singular)
ympest (present second-person singular)
ympedest (past second-person singular)
ympeth (present singular third-person)
ymped (past singular third-person)
ympe (present singular subjunctive)
ymped (past singular subjunctive)
ympe (imperative present singular)
ympen (plural present)
ympe (plural present)
ympeden (past plural)
ympede (past plural)
ympeth (imperative plural present)
ympe (imperative plural present)
ympynge (participle present)
ympende (participle present)
ymped (participle past)
yymped (participle past)

English: imp

Scots: imp

Inherited from Old English impian, from Proto-West Germanic *impōn; equivalent to ympe + -en (“infinitival suffix”, infinitival suffix).

af

To transplant (attach a cutting to stock)

(rare) To introduce an idea or concept to one's mind.

(rare) To plant; to introduce a plant to soil.

(rare, by extension) To incorporate, add or transplant.


bæð

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of bath


baytynge

English: baiting

Scots: baitin

(Late Middle English) Baiting (of an animal using hounds)

(rare, Late Middle English) Tormenting; aggravation

(rare, Late Middle English) The nourishment of an animal.


chelve

Alternative form of calf (“calf (young cow)”)


bayte

English: bait

Scots: bait

From Old Norse beita (noun), from Proto-Germanic *baitō.

(Late Middle English) Bait or lure; objects used as a bait or lure.

(rare, Late Middle English) Something that draws or allures.


Bathe

English: Bath

From Old English baþum, dative plural of bæþ.


bathynge

English: bathing

(Late Middle English) The process of bathing, especially for medicinal purposes.


calfe

Alternative form of calf (“calf (anatomy)”)


bayten

bayten (infinitive)
to bayten (infinitive)
bayte (infinitive)
bayte (first-person present singular)
bayted (first-person past singular)
baytest (present second-person singular)
baytedest (past second-person singular)
bayteth (present singular third-person)
bayted (past singular third-person)
bayte (present singular subjunctive)
bayted (past singular subjunctive)
bayte (imperative present singular)
bayten (plural present)
bayte (plural present)
bayteden (past plural)
baytede (past plural)
bayteth (imperative plural present)
bayte (imperative plural present)
baytynge (participle present)
baytende (participle present)
bayted (participle past)
ybayted (participle past)

English: bait

Scots: bait

From Old Norse beita, from Proto-Germanic *baitijaną; equivalent to bayte + -en (infinitival suffix).

To bait or attack one's prey with a dog.

(rare) To attack one's prey as a dog baiting.

To attack or war with; to bait:
To attack one's prey as a dog baiting.

(rare) To tease or inflict anguish; to drive someone to do something.

To feed an animal or prepare to do so; to feed or water oneself when referring to an animal.

(rare) To dine or consume; to nourish oneself as a human.

(rare, figurative) To metaphorically nourish oneself; to visually stimulate oneself.

(rare) To supply a fishing mechanism with bait.

(rare) To fatten; to prepare so as to be used as meat.


folyne

Alternative form of folen (“to be foolish”)


folisch

English: foolish

Scots: fuilish

(Late Middle English) Foolish, erroneous, ridiculous.

(Late Middle English, rare) Sinful, unorthodox, lascivious.

(Late Middle English, rare) Bizarre, weird, nonsensical.


folliche

Scots: foolich, fuilitch


scherd

English: shard, sherd

Scots: shaird

desc

Yola: sheardhe, sheardh, shearde, sharde

From Old English sċeard, from Proto-West Germanic *skard, from Proto-Germanic *skardą. Doublet of scarth.

A container made of clay or similar material.


clovere

English: clover

Scots: claver, clavir, clever

From Old English clāfre, clǣfre, from Proto-West Germanic *klaibrā.


hatien

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of haten


heatunge

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of hatynge


hatfully

English: hatefully


hateliche

From Old English hetelīc; equivalent to hate + -ly.

(rare) Ferocious, violent, merciless, destructive.


hatesum

English: hatesome

Scots: hatesome


haate

From Old English hete, influenced by haten.


hattere

English: hatter

Scots: hatter


cappynge

(rare) cap (cover, lid, protective layer)


ketil-hat

A kind of helmet that resembles a kettle.


hatrede

English: hatred

Scots: hatred

A feeling of hate or irascibility; hatred, hatefulness.

The fruits of hatred or hatefulness:
Turmoil, commotion, fighting, war.

The fruits of hatred or hatefulness:
An act of war; an attack or strike.

Revenge; retribution; an attack in retailiation.

(rare) The state of being affected by hatred.


capston

English: capstone


ewrous

From Old French eurous, eureus; equivalent to eure + -ous.

Thriving, wealthy; experiencing success.


hatynge

English: hating

Equivalent to and often remodelled on haten + -ing; nominal senses are inherited from Old English hatung.


hatynge

A feeling of hate or irascibility; hatefulness.


capoun

English: capon

Scots: capon (obsolete)

From a combination of Old Northern French capon and Old English capūn, both from Latin capo (Vulgar Latin *cappo).


skynner

English: skinner

Scots: skinner

From skyn + -er; compare to Old Norse skinnari.


skynnery

English: skinnery


skynnen

enm-verb

skynnen (third-person singular simple present skynneth, present participle skynnende, skynnynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle skynned)

skynneth (present singular third-person)
skynnende (participle present)
skynnynge (participle present)
skynned (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
skynnen (infinitive)
to skynnen (infinitive)
skynne (infinitive)
skynne (first-person present singular)
skynned (first-person past singular)
skynnest (present second-person singular)
skynnedest (past second-person singular)
skynneth (present singular third-person)
skynned (past singular third-person)
skynne (present singular subjunctive)
skynned (past singular subjunctive)
skynne (imperative present singular)
skynnen (plural present)
skynne (plural present)
skynneden (past plural)
skynnede (past plural)
skynneth (imperative plural present)
skynne (imperative plural present)
skynnynge (participle present)
skynnende (participle present)
skynned (participle past)
yskynned (participle past)

English: skin

Scots: skin

From skyn + -en (infinitival suffix); compare to Old Norse skinna.

(rare) To remove the skin; to perform a circumcision.


bukskyn

English: buckskin


rofen

rofen (infinitive)
to rofen (infinitive)
rofe (infinitive)
rofe (first-person present singular)
rofed (first-person past singular)
rofest (present second-person singular)
rofedest (past second-person singular)
rofeth (present singular third-person)
rofed (past singular third-person)
rofe (present singular subjunctive)
rofed (past singular subjunctive)
rofe (imperative present singular)
rofen (plural present)
rofe (plural present)
rofeden (past plural)
rofede (past plural)
rofeth (imperative plural present)
rofe (imperative plural present)
rofynge (participle present)
rofende (participle present)
rofed (participle past)
yrofed (participle past)

English: roof

Scots: ruif


stren

From stre (variant of straw) + -en (plural suffix).

af

variant of <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">straw</i>


streberyen

From Old English strēaberian; equivalent to strawbery + -en (plural suffix).


shyn

Alternative form of schyne (“beam of light”)


truncheoune

Helpe me that thys truncheoune were oute of my syde, for hit stykith so sore that hit nyghe sleyth me.

1470–1485 (date produced), Thomas Malory, “(please specify the chapter)”, in [Le Morte Darthur], book VII, [London: […] by William Caxton], published 31 July 1485, →OCLC; republished as H[einrich] Oskar Sommer, editor, Le Morte Darthur […], London: David Nutt, […], 1889, →OCLC:


chayer

English: chair (see there for further descendants)

Scots: cheer, chyre

Yola: chyre

/ˈt͡ʃæi̯ər(ə)/

From Old French chaiere, from Latin cathedra, from Ancient Greek καθέδρα (kathédra).

A padded chair or armchair; a seat facilitating comfort:

(theology) The seat of God as King of Heaven.

(figuratively) An office or position and the authority it gives.

(rare) A podium or dais; an elevated portion of floor.


tronchoun

English: truncheon

From Old French tronchon, from Late Latin *troncionem.

A fragment of something, especially a spear or lance.

The pole of a spear, lance, or similar polearm.

(rare) A kind of worm that lives as a parasite.


strawbery

enm-noun

strawbery (plural strawberyes or streberyen)

strawberyes (plural)
streberyen (plural)

English: strawberry (see there for further descendants)

Scots: strabery, strayberrie

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *strow-o-m
Proto-Germanic *strawą
Proto-West Germanic *strau
Old English strēaw
Proto-Germanic *bazją
Proto-West Germanic *baʀi
Old English berġe
Old English strēawberġe
Middle English strawbery
From Old English strēawberġe; equivalent to straw + berye.

etymon

A strawberry (fruit from plant of the genus Fragaria).

A strawberry (plant of the genus Fragaria).


schyne

English: shin

Scots: shin, schin

Inherited from Old English sċinu, from Proto-West Germanic *skinu, from Proto-Germanic *skinō. Doublet of chyne (“spine”).

The shin (portion of the leg between the knee and the foot).


schyne

English: shine

Scots: shine, shyne

An instance of shining; a beam of light.


couchynge

English: couching

The laying down or installation of tiles.


couchen

couchen (infinitive)
to couchen (infinitive)
couche (infinitive)
couche (first-person present singular)
couched (first-person past singular)
couchest (present second-person singular)
couchedest (past second-person singular)
coucheth (present singular third-person)
couched (past singular third-person)
couche (present singular subjunctive)
couched (past singular subjunctive)
couche (imperative present singular)
couchen (plural present)
couche (plural present)
coucheden (past plural)
couchede (past plural)
coucheth (imperative plural present)
couche (imperative plural present)
couchynge (participle present)
couchende (participle present)
couched (participle past)
ycouched (participle past)

English: couch

Scots: cooch, cootch

From Old French couchier, from Latin collocāre; equivalent to couche + -en (infinitival suffix).

To lie upon a bed or couch; to recline oneself.

To lie or bow down in a submissive or deferent manner.

To spread put foil or ornaments across; to decorate or adorn.

To organise; to place in specific positions.


paleys

English: palace

Scots: pallace

From Old French palais, paleis, from Latin palātium, from Palātium (“Palatine Hill”).

A palace; an official ornate dwelling of a high official.


maneere

Alternative form of maner (“characteristics, manner”)


manered

English: mannered

Scots: mainert

From maner (“characteristics, manner”) + -ed.

(rare) Possessing a specific disposition or behaviour.

(rare) Moderated, regulated, controlled.


manerly

English: mannerly

Scots: mainerly

From maner (“characteristics, manner”) + -ly.

Courteously, urbanely; with good manners.


manerly

(rare) Well-behaved, kind, refined, morally upstanding.


maynouren

maynouren (infinitive)
to maynouren (infinitive)
maynoure (first-person present singular)
maynoured (first-person past singular)
maynourest (present second-person singular)
maynouredest (past second-person singular)
maynoureth (present singular third-person)
maynoured (past singular third-person)
maynoure (present singular subjunctive)
maynoured (past singular subjunctive)
maynoure (imperative present singular)
maynouren (plural present)
maynoure (plural present)
maynoureden (past plural)
maynourede (past plural)
maynoureth (imperative plural present)
maynoure (imperative plural present)
maynourynge (participle present)
maynourende (participle present)
maynoured (participle past)
ymaynoured (participle past)

English: manure

Scots: manur, manner

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman meinourer and Old French manovrer, both from Vulgar Latin *manuoperare (“work by hand”).

der

To supervise, reign; to exercise one's authority.

(rare) To toil or work, especially agriculturally.


hweate

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of whete


vesselment

From Anglo-Norman vesselment; equivalent to vessel + -ment.

(rare) Boxes and containers used for religious reasons.


whettynge

(rare) whetting (the usage of a whetstone)


wheten

English: wheaten

From Old English hwǣten; equivalent to whete + -en (“made of”).

wheaten (composed of or made out of wheat)


whætte

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of whetten


whete

English: wheat

Middle Scots: quhete

Scots: white, wheat, wheyt

Yola: whet

Inherited from Old English hwǣte, hwēte.

And thei crieden not to me in her herte, but ȝelliden in her beddis. Thei chewiden code on wheete, and wyn, and thei ȝeden awei fro me.

c. 1382–1395, John Wycliffe [et al.], edited by Josiah Forshall and Frederic Madden, The Holy Bible, […], volume III, Oxford: At the University Press, published 1850, →OCLC, Hosea VII:14, page 678, column 1:

And they cried not to me from their hearts; but whined in their beds. They chewed cud on wheat, and wine, and they ran away from me.

All þe wictalis owtane ſalt / Als quheyt and flour ⁊ meill ⁊ malt / In þe wyne sellar geꝛt he bꝛyng[…]

c. 1375, “Book V”, in Iohne Barbour, De geſtis bellis et uirtutibus domini Roberti de Brwyß […] (The Brus, Advocates MS. 19.2.2), Ouchtirmunſye: Iohannes Ramſay, published 1489, folio 17, verso, lines 408-410; republished at Edinburgh: National Library of Scotland, c. 2010:

All the food except for salt, / like wheat, flour, meal, and malt, / he went to put in the wine-cellar […]

Thes thingis seid, whanne eche heelden out whete, thei founden in the mouth of the sackis boundun moneys.

c. 1382–1395, John Wycliffe [et al.], edited by Josiah Forshall and Frederic Madden, The Holy Bible, […], volume I, Oxford: At the University Press, published 1850, →OCLC, Genesis XLII:35, page 172, column 1:

These things said, when each poured out their corn, they found in the mouth of the sacks bound [i.e., bundled-up] money.

The better or more valuable part of something.


tuskyd

English: tusked

Scots: tuskit (obsolete)


tusshe

English: tush

From Old English tūsc, from Proto-Germanic *tunþskaz. Compare tusk.

(rare) A stone forming part of a buttress.


boryng

English: boring


burely

English: burly

Scots: buirdly (possibly); burely

Unknown. Likely from Old English *borlīċ, attested adverbially in Old English borlīċe (“eminently, excellently, well”).

cog

Outstanding, attractive, good-looking, fair, pleasing.


gunnepoudre

English: gunpowder

Scots: gunpoother


poudren

poudren (infinitive)
to poudren (infinitive)
poudre (infinitive)
poudre (first-person present singular)
poudred (first-person past singular)
poudrest (present second-person singular)
poudredest (past second-person singular)
poudreth (present singular third-person)
poudred (past singular third-person)
poudre (present singular subjunctive)
poudred (past singular subjunctive)
poudre (imperative present singular)
poudren (plural present)
poudre (plural present)
poudreden (past plural)
poudrede (past plural)
poudreth (imperative plural present)
poudre (imperative plural present)
poudrynge (participle present)
poudrende (participle present)
poudred (participle past)
ypoudred (participle past)

English: powder

Scots: pouder, pouther

From Old French poudrer, from poudre; equivalent to poudre + -en (infinitival suffix).

To powder; to turn into powder, usually by grinding.

To preserve or ferment food; to add powder to food as to make it last.

To place things (often decorative) on a surface; to spangle.

(rare) To spread powder on to something; to douse something in powder

(rare) To add spices or seasonings to a dish or meal.

(rare) To make indentations on something.


tuss

(Ormulum, before dentals) Alternative form of þus


boryn

boryn (infinitive)
to boryn (infinitive)
bore (infinitive)
bore (first-person present singular)
bored (first-person past singular)
borest (present second-person singular)
boredest (past second-person singular)
boreth (present singular third-person)
bored (past singular third-person)
bore (present singular subjunctive)
bored (past singular subjunctive)
bore (imperative present singular)
boren (plural present)
bore (plural present)
boreden (past plural)
borede (past plural)
boreth (imperative plural present)
bore (imperative plural present)
borynge (participle present)
borende (participle present)
bored (participle past)
ybored (participle past)

English: bore

Scots: bore, boir

From Old English borian; equivalent to bore + -en (infinitival suffix).

To bore a hole or holes into something; to slice through something


aysshe

Alternative form of asshe (“burnt matter”)


asshy

English: ashy

Scots: essy


Aschewednysday

English: Ash Wednesday

Scots: Ess-Wadensday

From asche (“burnt matter”) + Wednesday.


asshe

enm-noun

asshe (plural asshen or asshes or asshe or asken)

asshen (plural)
asshes (plural)
asshe (plural)
asken (plural)

English: ash

Scots: ess, asch, ais, as, askis

Yola: ashen, oaskean (plural)

From Old English æsce, from Proto-West Germanic *askā, from Proto-Germanic *askǭ.

ashes (the powdery matter produced by a fire, often used in medicine and cooking)

The remnants of a lifeform (generally after cremating)

The matter which one's physical form is made of; bodily matter.

(figuratively) Death, mortality; the end of one's life.

(Christianity) Ashes utilised in ceremonies to represent forgiveness.


asshe

English: ash

Scots: aish, esh

From Old English æsc, from Proto-West Germanic *ask, from Proto-Germanic *askaz.


segynge

English: sieging

(rare) The defence of a city against a siege.


heggynge

English: hedging

Scots: hedgin

The construction of a hedge or fortification.

(rare) A hedge or fence that looks like a hedge.


spicerie

English: spicery

Scots: spicerie

From Old French espicerie; equivalent to spicer + -ie or spice + -erie.

A spice or spices; ground substances used as flavouring:

Spices used for their scents, aromas, or smells.

Spices used for their (purported) medical effects.

Spices used for the embalmment dead bodies.

A branch of a wealthy estate ensuring the provision or victualling of food.


galyngale

English: galangal, galingale

From Old French galingal, from Arabic خَلَنْجَان (ḵalanjān), from Persian قولنجان (qulenjân, qulanjân), from Sanskrit कुलञ्जन (kulañjana), perhaps from Chinese 高良薑／高良姜 (gāoliángjiāng), from 高涼／高凉 (Gāoliáng) (a prefecture or county in China) + 薑／姜 (jiāng, “ginger”).

Galangal, galingale, or similar rhizomes or spices made from them.


turmeryte

English: turmeric

Possibly from Old French terre mérite (“deserving earth”). According to Klein, possibly corrupted from Arabic كركم (“Curcuma”).


synamome

desctree

English: cinnamon
→ Japanese: シナモン (shinamon)
→ Korean: 시나몬 (sinamon)
→ Maori: hinamona
→ Welsh: synamon

Scots: synomom (obsolete)

Borrowed from Old French cinnamone, from Latin cinnamon, cinnamōmum, from Ancient Greek κίνναμον (kínnamon), κιννάμωμον (kinnámōmon), from Phoenician.

cinnamon (The bark of trees of certain species of the genus Cinnamomum)

(rare) The cinnamon tree; the trees which produce cinnamon.


reamen

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of remen (“to extend; to get up”)


rymen

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of remen (“to cry”)


peper corn

enm-noun

peper corn (plural peper cornes or peper corn)

peper cornes (plural)
peper corn (plural)

English: peppercorn

Inherited from Old English piporcorn; equivalent to peper + corn.


remyn

remyn (infinitive)
to remyn (infinitive)
reme (infinitive)
reme (first-person present singular)
remed (first-person past singular)
remest (present second-person singular)
remedest (past second-person singular)
remeth (present singular third-person)
remed (past singular third-person)
reme (present singular subjunctive)
remed (past singular subjunctive)
reme (imperative present singular)
remen (plural present)
reme (plural present)
remeden (past plural)
remede (past plural)
remeth (imperative plural present)
reme (imperative plural present)
remynge (participle present)
remende (participle present)
remed (participle past)
yremed (participle past)

English: ream

Scots: ream

From reme (“cream”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


garfysche

English: garfish

Scots: gairfish

(hapax, Late Middle English) garfish, gar


garlek

English: garlic

Middle Scots: garlek, garleke, garlik

Scots: garlic

→ Irish: gairleog

Inherited from Old English gārlēac; equivalent to gor (“spear”) + lek (“leek”).


gower

Alternative form of gore (“patch (of land, fabric), clothes”)


dissimulen

enm-verb

dissimulen (third-person singular simple present dissimuleth, present participle dissimulende, dissimulynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle dissimuled)

dissimuleth (present singular third-person)
dissimulende (participle present)
dissimulynge (participle present)
dissimuled (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
dissimulen (infinitive)
to dissimulen (infinitive)
dissimule (infinitive)
dissimule (first-person present singular)
dissimuled (first-person past singular)
dissimulest (present second-person singular)
dissimuledest (past second-person singular)
dissimuleth (present singular third-person)
dissimuled (past singular third-person)
dissimule (present singular subjunctive)
dissimuled (past singular subjunctive)
dissimule (imperative present singular)
dissimulen (plural present)
dissimule (plural present)
dissimuleden (past plural)
dissimulede (past plural)
dissimuleth (imperative plural present)
dissimule (imperative plural present)
dissimulynge (participle present)
dissimulende (participle present)
dissimuled (participle past)

English: dissimule (obsolete)

⇒ English: dissemble

Borrowed from Middle French dissimuler, from Latin dissimulō; equivalent to dis- + symulen.

To dissemble; to be deceptive or dishonest.

A iangler is to god abhomynable / Rede Salomon, ſo wyſe and honourable / Rede Dauid in his pſalmes, rede Senecke / My ſonne ſpeke not, ne wyth thy heed becke / Diſſimule as thou were deefe, if ẏ thou here / The ianglour ſpeketh of perlous matere

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Manciples Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, folio c, verso:

A gossiper abominable is to God. Read Solomon, who is so wise and honourable. Read David's Psalms. Son, speak not, just bow your head and pretend that you are deaf if a gossip begins to speak to you about something dangerous.

To neglect; to fail to pay attention (to something).

While he dissymelide [Vulgate: Dissimulante], thei token his hond, and the hond of his wijf, and of his twey doutris; for the Lord sparide hym.

c. 1382–1395, John Wycliffe [et al.], edited by Josiah Forshall and Frederic Madden, The Holy Bible, […], volume I, Oxford: At the University Press, published 1850, →OCLC, Genesis XIX:16, page 113, column 2:

[KJV]: And while he lingered, the men laid hold upon his hand, and upon the hand of his wife, and upon the hand of his two daughters; the Lord being merciful unto him:


gerth

English: girth

Scots: girth, gir, gird

Borrowed from Old Norse gjorð, from Proto-Germanic *gerdō. Forms with /a/ are a regular phonetic development, while forms with /i/ or /u/ are from the influence of girdel, gurdel.


ȝerde

English: yard, yerd

Scots: yaird, yeard, yird

Inherited from Old English ġerd, from Proto-West Germanic *gaʀdi, from Proto-Germanic *gazdijō. related to Polish żerdź from Proto-Slavic *žьrdь ("perch, pole, ricker").

A bar or rod; a long, skinny piece of material:

A twig or shoot; a small branch or extension from a trunk.

A crutch or staff; a bar used to support something.

A bar used to stop a joint from moving; a splint.

A rod used to represent legitimacy, right, and might.

One's penis or phallus; the main sexual organ of a male.

A yard (unit of length consisting of three feet, often used for fabric)

A unit of area averaging approximately 30 acres; a virgate.

An upright slab of wood which a sail is attached onto.

An offspring or heir; one that descends from a lineage.

(rare) A line or column of smoke or mist.


ȝerde

Alternative form of yerd (“land; property”)


suger lof

English: sugarloaf, sugar loaf


suger candy

English: sugar candy, candy


sugre

English: sugar (see there for further descendants)

Scots: succar

Borrowed from Middle French sucre, from Old French çucre, from Old Italian zuccaro, from Arabic سُكَّر (sukkar), from Persian شکر, from Middle Persian škl (šakar), from Sanskrit शर्करा (śarkarā).

sugar (crystallised sucrose used as a sweetener)

(figurative, rare) Nutrition, nourishment, delight, sweetness.


lycorys

English: licorice, liquorice

Scots: liquorie

Borrowed from Old French licoresse, from Late Latin liquiritia, from Ancient Greek γλυκύρριζα (glukúrrhiza). Some forms are or have been influenced by licour or its etymons.

Glycyrrhiza glabra
Glycyrrhiza glabra#Translingual

Liquorice root (the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra)

Liquorice (the plant Glycyrrhiza glabra)


sugren

sugren (infinitive)
to sugren (infinitive)
sugre (infinitive)
sugre (first-person present singular)
sugred (first-person past singular)
sugrest (present second-person singular)
sugredest (past second-person singular)
sugreth (present singular third-person)
sugred (past singular third-person)
sugre (present singular subjunctive)
sugred (past singular subjunctive)
sugre (imperative present singular)
sugren (plural present)
sugre (plural present)
sugreden (past plural)
sugrede (past plural)
sugreth (imperative plural present)
sugre (imperative plural present)
sugrynge (participle present)
sugrende (participle present)
sugred (participle past)
ysugred (participle past)

English: sugar

Scots: succar

To reduce one's pains or problems; to lessen pain.

To make something seem attractive or enticing, often dishonestly.

To endear; to make one liked or received well.

(rare) To make something strong and pleasant to the senses.

(rare) To sweeten; to add sugar to something.


savegard

English: safeguard

Scots: safegaird

From Middle French sauvegarde, from Old French salve garde, sauve garde; equivalent to sauf + garde.

Safeguarding, guardianship; the ensuring of security.

(rare) Custody, protection from harm or damage.

(rare) Ensuring of safe passage or transport.


nappunge

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of nappynge


napkyn

English: napkin

Scots: naipkin

A napkin or serviette (a cloth used to clean oneself while eating)


naperie

English: napery

Scots: napery

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman naperie; equivalent to nape + -erie.

A storage room containing fabrics or textiles.


savagyne

Borrowed from Old French sauvagin; equivalent to savage + -ine.

(rare, Late Middle English) wild, untamed, fierce

(rare, Late Middle English) demented, crazy, insane


napyn

napyn (infinitive)
to napyn (infinitive)
nape (infinitive)
nape (first-person present singular)
naped (first-person past singular)
napest (present second-person singular)
napedest (past second-person singular)
napeth (present singular third-person)
naped (past singular third-person)
nape (present singular subjunctive)
naped (past singular subjunctive)
nape (imperative present singular)
napen (plural present)
nape (plural present)
napeden (past plural)
napede (past plural)
napeth (imperative plural present)
nape (imperative plural present)
napynge (participle present)
napende (participle present)
naped (participle past)
ynaped (participle past)

From nape (“nape”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


chibolle

English: cibol, chibol

Scots: sybol

Borrowed from Old Northern French chibole, from Latin cepulla.

Allium fistulosum
Allium fistulosum#Translingual


cyvee

English: civey, civy

Borrowed from Old French civé; equivalent to cyve + -e (participial suffix).


nappynge

Inherited from Old English hnappung; equivalent to nappen + -ing.


nappynge

English: napping


cyve

English: chive

Scots: sye, sythe

Borrowed from Old French cive and Anglo-Norman chive, from Latin cēpa.

Allium schoenoprasum
Allium schoenoprasum#Translingual


letuse

English: lettuce

Scots: lettuce, lattice

→ Welsh: letys

From the plural of Old French laitue, from Latin lactūca.

Lactuca sativa
Lactuca sativa#Translingual

lettuce (Lactuca sativa or a related plant)

The leaves of the lettuce used as vegetables.


letuse

English: lettice

From Anglo-Norman letuse; further etymology unknown.

The near-white winter hide or fur of the least weasel; lettice.


ermyne

English: ermine

Scots: ermine

Borrowed from Old French ermine, ermin; further etymology is disputed.

The distinctive white pelt of the ermine.

(heraldry) Heraldic ermine; white with black spots.

Mustela erminea
Mustela erminea#Translingual

(rare) A ermine (the weasel Mustela erminea)


ermyne

Borrowed from Middle French erminé; equivalent to ermyn + -e (participial suffix).

(rare, heraldry) Having an inverted ermine pattern (black spots on white)


clyf

English: cliff

Scots: cliff (possibly from English)

Inherited from Old English clif, from Proto-Germanic *klibą; some forms are taken from the oblique stem.

A cliff; a heavily sloped hillside or mountainside.

The coast or shoreline; the bank or edge of a river.


clyffyng

Alternative form of clevynge (“splitting”)


clevying

Alternative form of clevynge (“sticking”)


clevere

English: cleaver


clevynge

English: cleaving

Scots: cleavin

(rare) Cleaving, chopping, splitting or slicing.

(rare) A split, chop, or slice; a crack or indentation.


clevynge

(rare) The forming of unification or cohesion.


clowe

English: clove

Scots: clow

Borrowed from Old French clou de girofle, from Latin clāvus.

bor+

Syzygium aromaticum
Syzygium aromaticum#Translingual

(usually in the plural) A clove (bud of the tree Syzygium aromaticum)


gingivere

desctree

English: ginger
→ Greek: τζίντζερ (tzíntzer)
→ Japanese: ジンジャー (jinjā)
→ Maltese: ġinġer
→ Manx: jinshar
→ Welsh: sinsir
→ Zulu: újínja

Scots: ginger, ginge

→ Irish: sinséar

→ Scottish Gaelic: dinnsear

→ Manx: jinshar

→ Welsh: sinsir

From Old English gingifer and Old French gingembre, from Medieval Latin gingiber, zingeber, from Ancient Greek ζιγγίβερις (zingíberis), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀺𑀯𑁂𑀭 (siṃgivera), from Sanskrit शृङ्गवेर (śṛṅgavera).

Zingiber officinale
Zingiber officinale#Translingual

ginger (Zingiber officinale or its root, often used as a spice)


scherling

English: shearling

(rare) shearling (A once-shorn sheep or its skin).


schæren

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of scheren


scherer

English: shearer

Scots: shearer

/ˈʃɛːrər(ə)/

(rare) A harvester; a person who reaps crops.

(rare) A sheep-shearer; one who cuts sheep's wool.

(rare) A haircutter; one who cuts people's hair.


scherynge

English: shearing

Scots: shearin

Sheep-shearing; the trimming of sheep's wool.

(rare) The act of slicing or stabbing with a bladed weapon.

(rare) The shearing or cutting of woolen fabric.

(rare) The reaping or harvesting of crops.


chalis

English: chalice

Scots: chalice

Borrowed from Old French chalice, calice, borrowed itself from Latin calix, from Ancient Greek κάλυξ (kálux). Doublet of calch, which is an older form inherited from Proto-West Germanic *kalik, ultimately from the same source.

A cup, chalice or glass; a container for drinking out of.

A chalice for wine used for the Eucharist.

(figurative) An emotion that affects one's life path.


schaver

English: shaver

(rare, Late Middle English) A haircutter; one who cuts peoples' hair.


wolled

English: wooled

Scots: ooed


wolward

English: woolward

Clad in wool-wear (often for repentance).


wollemongere

English: woolmonger


mongere

English: monger

(rare outside of compounds) A retailer; a merchant.


schavynge

English: shaving

Scratching, filing, razoring, abrasion; the process of removing material

Shaving; removal of the hair with a razor.

Material that has been abraded or shaved; scraps.

Honing or buffing; the process of making something smooth.


pakkynge

English: packing

(rare, Late Middle English) The process or act of packing.


hacche

English: hatch, heck

Scots: hatch, heck, haik

From Old English hæċ, hæc, from Proto-West Germanic *hakkju, variant of *haggju; see more at hegge. The final vowel is generalised from the Old English inflected forms.

The bottom section of a Dutch door; a half door.

The deck of a vessel or a piece of timber composing it.

A rack, frame or structure for storing hay or cheese.

(rare) A wooden rack placed over a river.


clewe

English: clew, clue

Scots: clew, cloo, clue

From Old English clīewen, from Proto-Germanic *kliuwīną, *klewô.

A clew (“lump or sphere of thread or yarn”).

Therto haue I a remedye in my thought / That by a clewe of twyne, as he hath gone / The ſame way he may returne anone / Folowyng alwey yͤ threde as he hath come.

c. 1386–1388 (date written), Geffray Chaucer [i.e., Geoffrey Chaucer], “The Legende of Good Women: The Legende of Ariadne of Athenes”, in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London: […] Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], published 1542, →OCLC, folio ccxxvi, verso, column 1:

I’ve thought of a solution for that: / by a string of twine, just as he’s gone, / He can soon return the same way, / Always following the thread the way he came.


haching

Wooden boards as a vessel's exterior flooring.


egge tool

An edged or bladed weapon or arm; a weapon with a sharp side.

A tool with a sharp edge; an edged tool.


hacchynge

English: hatching


hakkynge

English: hacking

(rare) Dicing; the cutting up of food into bits.

(rare) Sculptiing; the making of carved work.


hakkere

English: hacker

A woodcutter or woodchopper; one who cuts wood.

(rare) A lopper; a tool for cutting wood.


hacchen

hacchen (infinitive)
to hacchen (infinitive)
hacche (infinitive)
hacche (first-person present singular)
hacched (first-person past singular)
haughte (first-person past singular)
hacchest (present second-person singular)
hacchedest (past second-person singular)
haughtest (past second-person singular)
haccheth (present singular third-person)
hacched (past singular third-person)
haughte (past singular third-person)
hacche (present singular subjunctive)
hacched (past singular subjunctive)
haughte (past singular subjunctive)
hacche (imperative present singular)
hacchen (plural present)
hacche (plural present)
haccheden (past plural)
hacchede (past plural)
haughten (past plural)
haughte (past plural)
haccheth (imperative plural present)
hacche (imperative plural present)
hacchynge (participle present)
hacchende (participle present)
hacched (participle past)
haught (participle past)
yhacched (participle past)
yhaught (participle past)

English: hatch

From Old English hæċċan, from Proto-West Germanic *hakkjan, from Proto-Germanic *hakjaną.


hakle

English: hackle

Scots: heckle

Inherited from Old English hacele, from Proto-West Germanic *hakul, *hakil, from Proto-Germanic *hakulaz; equivalent to hakken + -el (agentive suffix).


hakeney

English: hackney

Probably from the borough of Hackney; see English hackney for more.

A breed of small horse for riding upon (frequently hired out); a hackney.


holiȝe

(chiefly Early Middle English) Alternative form of holy (sacred)


hallȝhe

Þu shallt tæronne findenn Off þatt tatt Cristess hallȝhe þed Birrþ trowwenn wel & follȝhenn.


esynesse

English: easiness

Spiritual comfort; equanimity, tranquility.

Disposed or characterized by mercy; clemency.


hospitalite

English: hospitality

Middle Scots: hospitalitie

Borrowed from Old French hospitalité, from Latin hospitālitās; by surface analysis, hospital + -ite.

The practice of hospitality; hosting or reception.


hospitalarye

Borrowed from Medieval Latin hospitālārius, from hospitale.

bor+

(Late Middle English) A member of the Knights Hospitallers.


coaccion

English: coaction

Borrowed from Latin coāctiōnem, accusative form of coāctiō; equivalent to co- + accion.

(rare, Late Middle English) Constrainment or forcing; an abrogation of free will.

(rare, Late Middle English) An compulsive action.

(rare, Late Middle English) Intervention; prevention.


meþe

Alternative form of mede (“mead (beverage)”)


hospiteler

English: hospitaller, hospitaler

Borrowed from Middle French hospitalier; equivalent to hospital + -er. Some forms have the vowel of Medieval Latin hospitulārius.

(Late Middle English) An administrator or supervisor of lodgings.

(Late Middle English, rare) A person who displays hospitality.


hostiler

English: hostler, ostler

⇒? English: hosteler, hosteller

Scots: ostler

Borrowed from Middle French hostiler, from Old French hostelier, from Medieval Latin hostilārius, hospitālārius, from hospitāle. Equivalent to hostel + -er.

The owner or administrator of a place of accommodation; a hotelier.

An administrator of a convent or monastery's guest facilities.

(Late Middle English) A hostler; one who deals with horses.


hostelen

enm-verb

hostelen (third-person singular simple present hosteleth, present participle hostelende, hostelynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle hosteled)

hosteleth (present singular third-person)
hostelende (participle present)
hostelynge (participle present)
hosteled (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
hostelen (infinitive)
to hostelen (infinitive)
hostele (first-person present singular)
hosteled (first-person past singular)
hostelest (present second-person singular)
hosteledest (past second-person singular)
hosteleth (present singular third-person)
hosteled (past singular third-person)
hostele (present singular subjunctive)
hosteled (past singular subjunctive)
hostele (imperative present singular)
hostelen (plural present)
hostele (plural present)
hosteleden (past plural)
hostelede (past plural)
hosteleth (imperative plural present)
hostele (imperative plural present)
hostelynge (participle present)
hostelende (participle present)
hosteled (participle past)
yhosteled (participle past)

From Old French hosteler, osteler; equivalent to hostel + -en (infinitival suffix).

(rare) To provide or use accommodation; to lodge.


exaccion

English: exaction

Scots: exaction (obsolete)

Borrowed from Middle French exaction, ultimately from Latin exāctiōnem, accusative form of exāctiō; equivalent to ex- + accion.

Compulsion, requisitioning, or exaction; the compelling of payment.

(Late Middle English) An instance of taxation; a charge.


esiliche

English: easily

With or in comfort or luxury; comfortably.

At a leisurely pace; gradually, slowly, unhurried.


but esiliche

Some [servants] wihtoute any lifelode or guerdon,..and some but esily guerdonned.

To a low or insufficient degree; hardly, scarcely, poorly.

Some peple endowed with worldly goodes..can not depart but easily withe finaunce.

With little care or concern; indifferently.


journeier

English: journeyer

(Late Middle English, rare) A journeyer; a traveller.


jorneman

English: journeyman


journeyinge

English: journeying


castelis

And it was doon aftirward · ⁊ [iheſus] made iourneis bi citees ⁊ caſtelis, [pꝛe]ch[in]ge ⁊ euangelizynge þe rewme of god / ⁊ twelue wiþ h[im] ·

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Luke 8:1, page 32r, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

After that happened, Jesus made visits to cities and fortresses, preaching about and disseminating the kingdom of God with the Twelve alongside him.


jorneyen

jorneyen (infinitive)
to jorneyen (infinitive)
jorneye (infinitive)
jorneye (first-person present singular)
jorneyed (first-person past singular)
jorneyest (present second-person singular)
jorneyedest (past second-person singular)
jorneyeth (present singular third-person)
jorneyed (past singular third-person)
jorneye (present singular subjunctive)
jorneyed (past singular subjunctive)
jorneye (imperative present singular)
jorneyen (plural present)
jorneye (plural present)
jorneyeden (past plural)
jorneyede (past plural)
jorneyeth (imperative plural present)
jorneye (imperative plural present)
jorneyynge (participle present)
jorneyende (participle present)
jorneyed (participle past)
yjorneyed (participle past)

English: journey

Scots: jurney

From Old French jornoiier; equivalent to journe + -en (infinitival).

(Late Middle English) To journey; to travel.

(Late Middle English) To make a round as a judge of a circuit court


journe

English: journey

Scots: jurney

Borrowed from Old French jornee, from Vulgar Latin *diurnāta.

Toward Saluces / shapyng hir iourney / ffro day to day / they ryden in hir wey […]

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The [Clerkys] Tale [of Oxenford]”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 184, verso, lines 783-784:

Towards Saluzzo they make their journey, / From day to day they ride on their way […]

An endeavour or enterprise; an attempt at something:

(figurative) Mortality; the final event of one's life.

The happenings or accomplishments of a day:

A day of fighting, tilting, or jousting.

The amount of work set or completed in a day.

A unit of distance equalling a the distance covered in a day of travel (around 20 miles)

(rare) The fruits or results of a day or its work.


ryding

For whan ther any ryding was in Chepe,

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Cook's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 4377-4378

For when there was any procession in Cheapside,
Out of the shop thither would he leap.


rideren

(Early Middle English, West Midland) plural of ryder


rydyng

English: riding

Scots: ridin

Riding; travel by horse:
Ceremonial riding at an event.

(Late Middle English) An equestrian activity.

Riding; travel by horse:
An equestrian activity.

For whan ther any ryding was in Chepe,

Participation in fighting or conflict, especially on a mount.

(Late Middle English) Journeying; making a trip.


accion

desctree

English: action
→ Arabic: أَكْشِن (ʔakšin)
→ Bulgarian: екшън (ekšǎn)
→ German: Action
→ Irish: aicsean
→ Hebrew: אקשן (akshn)
→ Japanese: アクション (akushon)
→ Korean: 액션 (aeksyeon)
→ Russian: экшн (ekšn)

Scots: action

Borrowed from Old French action, from Latin āctiōnem, accusative form of āctiō; equivalent to act + -ioun.

An action; a doing, behaviour or property.

The capability of being able to launch a legal suit.


hevysum

English: heavisome

Difficult to bear or accomplish; burdensome.

Burdened with woe or sorrow; sad, troubled.

Conducive to or causing annoyance, anger or grief; vexatious.


hevynesse

English: heaviness

From Old English hefiġnes; equivalent to (and influenced by) hevy + -nesse.

The quality of having great weight; heaviness.

Fulness or sufficiency in quantity; abundance.

The quality of being difficult to bear or accomplish; burdensomeness.

A lack of vitality due to factors such as fatigue, age, disease or conscience.

(religion) The vice of sloth or idleness.

Defaulte of slepe and hevynesse / Hath [slayne] my spirite of quyknesse / That I haue loste al lustyhede

c. 1368, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Book of the Duchess, as recorded c. 1440–1450 in Bodleian Library MS. Fairfax 16, folio 130r

Lack of sleep and sorrow / Have killed the liveliness in my spirit / So that I have lost all enjoyment of life.

(of scent) Offensiveness, oppressiveness.


ridæn

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of riden


pað

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of path


pathynge

(Late Middle English, rare) The process of paving or sealing.


mountuous

English: montuous

Borrowed from Latin montuōsus, equivalent to mount + -ous.


kyne

English: kine

desc

Yola: keeine, keene, keéne, khyne, kyne, keyen

From the former plural kie + -en (plural suffix).


bullok

English: bullock

Scots: bullok

Inherited from Old English bulluc, from Proto-West Germanic *bulluk; equivalent to bole + -ok.


pathen

pathen (infinitive)
to pathen (infinitive)
pathe (infinitive)
pathe (first-person present singular)
pathed (first-person past singular)
pathest (present second-person singular)
pathedest (past second-person singular)
patheth (present singular third-person)
pathed (past singular third-person)
pathe (present singular subjunctive)
pathed (past singular subjunctive)
pathe (imperative present singular)
pathen (plural present)
pathe (plural present)
patheden (past plural)
pathede (past plural)
patheth (imperative plural present)
pathe (imperative plural present)
pathynge (participle present)
pathende (participle present)
pathed (participle past)
ypathed (participle past)

English: path

Scots: paith

(Late Middle English, rare) To pave; to seal.


mountayne

English: mountain

Scots: muntain

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman muntaigne, muntaine, from Early Medieval Latin montānia.


raysyn

desctree

English: raisin
→ Japanese: レーズン (rēzun)

Scots: raisin, reasin

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman reysin, from Late Latin racīmus, from Latin racēmus.


mounte

From Old English munt and Anglo-Norman mount, both from Latin mōns.


resyn

English: resin

Borrowed from Old French résine, from Latin resīna.


mounten

mounten (infinitive)
to mounten (infinitive)
mounte (infinitive)
mounte (first-person present singular)
mounted (first-person past singular)
mountest (present second-person singular)
mountedest (past second-person singular)
mounteth (present singular third-person)
mounted (past singular third-person)
mounte (present singular subjunctive)
mounted (past singular subjunctive)
mounte (imperative present singular)
mounten (plural present)
mounte (plural present)
mounteden (past plural)
mountede (past plural)
mounteth (imperative plural present)
mounte (imperative plural present)
mountynge (participle present)
mountende (participle present)
mounted (participle past)
ymounted (participle past)

English: mount

Scots: munt

From Anglo-Norman munter, from Vulgar Latin *montāre; equivalent to mount + -en (infinitival suffix).

To go, travel or rise upwards; to begin ascension.

To climb atop a mount; to bestride or begin to ride.

(rare) To raise or elevate; to lift up or advocate

(rare) To thrive; to grow or become greater in number.

(rare, Late Middle English) To amount to; to be of a certain value.


reysynge

English: raising

Scots: raisin

(rare) Lifting, righting, or erecting; bringing upwards.

(rare) A ripple or tide; a rising in the water.


steaf

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of staf


staffull

Possibly from staf + -ful. Compare Norwegian stappfull (“chock full, crammed, stuffed”).


stafslynge

English: staff sling

A staff sling; a sling mounted on a pole.

(rare, Late Middle English) A slinger armed with a staff sling.


twiȝ

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of twig


rostynge

English: roasting

Scots: roastin

(rare) The process of making dry; searing or parching.


distaf

English: distaff

From Old English distæf; see English distaff for more.


distæf

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of distaf


stafflike

From Old English stæflīc; equivalent to staf + -ly.

(Ormulum, rare) Literal; non-figurative.


stafflike

(Ormulum, rare) In a literal or non-figurative manner.


twygge

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of twie


slyngynge

The process of slinging projectiles using a sling.


perchyn

perchyn (infinitive)
to perchyn (infinitive)
perche (infinitive)
perche (first-person present singular)
perched (first-person past singular)
perchest (present second-person singular)
perchedest (past second-person singular)
percheth (present singular third-person)
perched (past singular third-person)
perche (present singular subjunctive)
perched (past singular subjunctive)
perche (imperative present singular)
perchen (plural present)
perche (plural present)
percheden (past plural)
perchede (past plural)
percheth (imperative plural present)
perche (imperative plural present)
perchynge (participle present)
perchende (participle present)
perched (participle past)
yperched (participle past)

English: perch

Borrowed from Old French perchier, equivalent to perch + -en (infinitival suffix).


reȝȝsenn

(Ormulum) Alternative form of reysen (“to raise”)


reycen

Alternative form of reysen (“to travel”)


ræren

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of reren (“to raise”)


reryng

Alternative form of rerynge (“revitalisation, encouragement”)


rerynge

English: rearing

The creation of a building or edifice; constructing.

(rare) The action of pulling or causing to rise upwards.

(rare) Breeding; raising of beast or fowl.

(rare) The lifting of one's vocal sound.

(rare) Jumping; upwards moving or movement.

(rare, Late Middle English) Raising of armies, bands or troops.


rerynge

(rare, Late Middle English) Encouragement or inducement of sins.


hevytee

The teers ful of hevytee Embelysshed hir wifely chastitee.


reremous

English: reremouse

From Old English hrēremūs, hrērmūs; equivalent to reren (“to rile”) + mous.


hevyte

The french departed wyth grete heuyte, For they Suppose that Partanope Ys dede.


reorde

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of rerd


reere

Alternative form of rere (“rear, following”)


rerd

English: reard

Scots: reird, rerde, rerd

From Old English reord, from Proto-Germanic *razdō.

A sound of talking; heard speech; a voice.


hrere

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of rere (“undercooked”)


reren

reren (infinitive)
to reren (infinitive)
rere (infinitive)
rere (first-person present singular)
rered (first-person past singular)
rerest (present second-person singular)
reredest (past second-person singular)
rereth (present singular third-person)
rered (past singular third-person)
rere (present singular subjunctive)
rered (past singular subjunctive)
rere (imperative present singular)
reren (plural present)
rere (plural present)
rereden (past plural)
rerede (past plural)
rereth (imperative plural present)
rere (imperative plural present)
rerynge (participle present)
rerende (participle present)
rered (participle past)
yrered (participle past)

English: rear

Scots: rere, reir

From Old English rǣran, from Proto-Germanic *raisijaną, *raizijaną. Doublet of reysen.

To raise; to hold or pull up or suspend upwards:

To extend, originate from or stretch above; to poke out.

To raise or take away or up; to pull or stretch off.

To construct or make; to cause the construction of something:

To ready or prepare; to activate or equip for use.

To raise or rear creatures or offspring; to mother or father.

To begin or start; to enter into an action or endeavour.

To found or ordain a polity or establishment; to reemphasise obligations.

To collect money, taxes or fines; to enforce taxation.

To call up or draft soldiers; to form an army.

To encourage, popularise or spread; to enhance or extol.

To help or aid; to nurse, heal or make hale.

To unfurl a symboled piece of fabric or a standard.