ribaudy

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Words of the Host to the Physician and the Pardoner, The Canterbury Tales, line 323-324

‘Nay! lat him telle us of no ribaudye;’ [...]
But right away these gentlefolk began to cry,
‘Nay! let him tell us of no ribaldry;’ …

But right anon thise gentils gonne to crye,


unconninge

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Tale of Melibee, The Canterbury Tales, section 78, line 3064-3070

And when the day came that his adversaries should appear in his presence, / he spoke unto them very goodly, and said in this manner: / ‘Although it be so that of your pride and high presumption and folly, and of your negligence and ignorance, / you have misbehaved yourself and trespassed unto me; / yet forasmuch as I see and behold your great humility, / and that you are sorry and repentant of your guilts, / it constrains me to do you grace and mercy.’

And whan the day cam that hise adversaries sholde apperen in his presence, / he spak unto hem ful goodly, and seyde in this wyse: / ‘al-be-it so that of your pryde and presumpcioun and folie, and of your necligence and unconninge, / ye have misborn yow and trespassed un-to me; / yet, for as much as I see and biholde your grete humilitee, / and that ye been sory and repentant of your giltes, / it constreyneth me to doon yow grace and mercy.’


ypunished

Chaucer
But if a mannes soule were in his purse,
For in his purse he shulde ypunished be.


pilwe

English: pillow
→ Maori: pera

Scots: pillae

From Old English pyle, pylu, pylwe, from Proto-West Germanic *pulwī, from Latin pulvīnus.

To visite this Damyan goth May
And subtilly this lettre doun she threste
Vnder his pilwe.

1395, Geoffrey Chaucer, Canterbury Tales:

A soft stuffed bag; a cushion or pillow.


lyuynge

…of moost holi lyuynge, and best taught and moost wyse of heuenly wysdom…

1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, page 37:


levesel

From Old English leaf (“leaf”) + sele (“room, hall”).

Chaucer:

Behind the mill, under a levesel.

a leafy shelter or seat; a place covered with foliage; an arbor


engendrure

Old French engendreüre, from engendrer (“to engender”).

So that the clerkes be nat with me wroth
I ſaye that they were maked for bothe
This is to ſeyn, for offyce and for ease
Of engendrure, there we nat god diſpleaſe

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Wyfe of Bathes Prologue”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, folio xxxvii, recto:

So that the clerks be not with me wrathful
I say that they [genitals] were made for both
This is to say, for duty and for ease
Of reproduction, that we not God displease


therwith

And I seide, “Ser, in his tyme maister Ioon Wiclef was holden of ful many men the grettis clerk that thei knewen lyuynge vpon erthe. And therwith he was named, as I gesse worthili, a passing reuli man and an innocent in al his lyuynge.

1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, pages 40–41:


Ioon

And I seide, “Ser, in his tyme maister [Ioon Wiclef] was holden of ful many men the grettis clerk that thei knewen lyuynge vpon erthe. And therwith he was named, as I gesse worthili, a passing reuli man and an innocent in al his lyuynge. And herfore grete men of kunnynge and other also drowen myche to him, and comownede ofte with him. And thei sauouriden so his loore that thei wroten it bisili and enforsiden hem to rulen hem theraftir… Maister Ion Aston taughte and wroot acordingli and ful bisili, where and whanne and to whom he myghte, and he vsid it himsilf, I gesse, right perfyghtli vnto his lyues eende. Also Filip of Repintoun whilis he was a chanoun of Leycetre, Nycol Herforde, dane Geffrey of Pikeringe, monke of Biland and a maistir dyuynyte, and [Ioon Purueye], and manye other whiche weren holden rightwise men and prudent, taughten and wroten bisili this forseide lore of Wiclef, and conformeden hem therto. And with alle these men I was ofte homli and I comownede with hem long tyme and fele, and so bifore alle othir men I chees wilfulli to be enformed bi hem and of hem, and speciali of Wiclef himsilf, as of the moost vertuous and goodlich wise man that I herde of owhere either knew. And herfore of Wicleef speciali and of these men I toke the lore whiche I haue taughte and purpose to lyue aftir, if God wole, to my lyues ende.”


knewen

And I seide, “Ser, in his tyme maister Ioon Wiclef was holden of ful many men the grettis clerk that thei knewen lyuynge vpon erthe. And therwith he was named, as I gesse worthili, a passing reuli man and an innocent in al his lyuynge. And herfore grete men of kunnynge and other also drowen myche to him, and comownede ofte with him. And thei sauouriden so his loore that thei wroten it bisili and enforsiden hem to rulen hem theraftir… Maister Ion Aston taughte and wroot acordingli and ful bisili, where and whanne and to whom he myghte, and he vsid it himsilf, I gesse, right perfyghtli vnto his lyues eende. Also Filip of Repintoun whilis he was a chanoun of Leycetre, Nycol Herforde, dane Geffrey of Pikeringe, monke of Biland and a maistir dyuynyte, and Ioon Purueye, and manye other whiche weren holden rightwise men and prudent, taughten and wroten bisili this forseide lore of Wiclef, and conformeden hem therto. And with alle these men I was ofte homli and I comownede with hem long tyme and fele, and so bifore alle othir men I chees wilfulli to be enformed bi hem and of hem, and speciali of Wiclef himsilf, as of the moost vertuous and goodlich wise man that I herde of owhere either knew. And herfore of Wicleef speciali and of these men I toke the lore whiche I haue taughte and purpose to lyue aftir, if God wole, to my lyues ende.”


musard

→ English: musard

Borrowed from Middle French musard; equivalent to musen + -ard.

There muſe muſarde al the daye / Thou wakeſt nyght and daye foꝛ thought

c. 1360s (date written), Geffray Chaucer [i.e., Geoffrey Chaucer], “The Romaunt of the Rose”, in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London: […] Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], published 1542, →OCLC, folio clxv, recto, column 2, line 7562:

Now think all day, fool, / you're awake thinking night and day […]


wroot

Alternative form of wrot (“(I, you, he/she/it) wrote”)


reuli

reulī (canonical)
reulokur (comparative)
ruloker (comparative)

From Old English hrēowlīc, from hrēow (“grief”, “repentance”).


calveren

From calver (“calves”) with pleonastic addition of the plural suffix -en; compare children, eyren, lambren.


enforcen

From Old French enforcier (“strengthen”, “grow strong”; “exert force”, “violate”), enforcir (“get strong”, “strengthen”); equivalent to en- + forcen.


myghte

first/third-person singular indicative past

inflection of mowen (“to be able to”):
singular subjunctive past

inflection of mowen (“to be able to”):
plural indicative/subjunctive past


her-for

English: herefore, herefor


hydes

Alternative form of hidous (“terrifying”)


gesse

first-person singular present indicative of gessen


bisili

English: busily


thei

And thei sauouriden so his loore that thei wroten it bisili and enforsiden hem to rulen hem theraftir[…]


thei

(Northern) Alternative spelling of þei (“thee”)


thei

(Early Middle English) Alternative spelling of þei (“though”)


lambren

From lamber (“lambs”) with pleonastic addition of the plural suffix -en; compare calveren, children, eyren.


Leycetre

Also Filip of Repintoun whilis he was a chanoun of Leycetre, Nycol Herforde, dane Geffrey of Pikeringe, monke of Biland and a maistir dyuynyte, and Ioon Purueye, and manye other whiche weren holden rightwise men and prudent, taughten and wroten bisili this forseide lore of Wiclef, and conformeden hem therto.


Herforde

And I seide, “Ser, in his tyme maister Ioon Wiclef was holden of ful many men the grettis clerk that thei knewen lyuynge vpon erthe. And therwith he was named, as I gesse worthili, a passing reuli man and an innocent in al his lyuynge. And herfore grete men of kunnynge and other also drowen myche to him, and comownede ofte with him. And thei sauouriden so his loore that thei wroten it bisili and enforsiden hem to rulen hem theraftir… Maister Ion Aston taughte and wroot acordingli and ful bisili, where and whanne and to whom he myghte, and he vsid it himsilf, I gesse, right perfyghtli vnto his lyues eende. Also Filip of Repintoun whilis he was a chanoun of Leycetre, [Nycol Herforde], dane Geffrey of Pikeringe, monke of Biland and a maistir dyuynyte, and Ioon Purueye, and manye other whiche weren holden rightwise men and prudent, taughten and wroten bisili this forseide lore of Wiclef, and conformeden hem therto. And with alle these men I was ofte homli and I comownede with hem long tyme and fele, and so bifore alle othir men I chees wilfulli to be enformed bi hem and of hem, and speciali of Wiclef himsilf, as of the moost vertuous and goodlich wise man that I herde of owhere either knew. And herfore of Wicleef speciali and of these men I toke the lore whiche I haue taughte and purpose to lyue aftir, if God wole, to my lyues ende.”


acordingli

English: accordingly


savouren

English: savour

From the Old French savorer, savourer, savurer, saweurer.


enfourmen

From the Old French enformer, enfourmer and the Latin īnfōrmō.


fore-said

Calque of Latin prae-fātum and prae-dictum.


erthe

English: earth, Earth

q

influenced by <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">erd</i>

Scots: erd (influenced by erd)

Yola: erth, eart, eard, eorth, eord

From Old English eorþe, from Proto-West Germanic *erþu, from Proto-Germanic *erþō.

And I seide, “Ser, in his tyme maister Ioon Wiclef was holden of ful many men the grettis clerk that thei knewen lyuynge vpon erthe. And therwith he was named, as I gesse worthili, a passing reuli man and an innocent in al his lyuynge[…]"

1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, page 40:


erthe

desc

English: earth (confused with Etymology 1)

From Old English ierþ; equivalent to eren (“to plough”) + -the (abstract nominal suffix). Compare erd (“home”).


ther-to

From Old English þǣr-tō; compare the Middle English ther (adverb), to (adverb), and to (preposition).

Soupes dorye. — Take gode almaunde mylke […] caste þher-to Safroun an Salt […]

c. 1430, Thomas Austin, editor, Two Fifteenth-century Cookery-books. Harleian ms. 279 (ab. 1430), & Harl. ms. 4016 (ab. 1450), with Extracts from Ashmole ms. 1429, Laud ms. 553, & Douce ms. 55 (Early English Text Society, Original Series; 91), volume I, London: N[icholas] Trübner & Co. for the Early English Text Society, published 1888, →OCLC, page 11:


reulen

reulen (infinitive)
to reulen (infinitive)
reule (infinitive)
reule (first-person present singular)
reuled (first-person past singular)
reulest (present second-person singular)
reuledest (past second-person singular)
reuleth (present singular third-person)
reuled (past singular third-person)
reule (present singular subjunctive)
reuled (past singular subjunctive)
reule (imperative present singular)
reulen (plural present)
reule (plural present)
reuleden (past plural)
reulede (past plural)
reuleth (imperative plural present)
reule (imperative plural present)
reulynge (participle present)
reulende (participle present)
reuled (participle past)
yreuled (participle past)

English: rule

Scots: reule, rewill

Borrowed from Old French riuler, reuler, rieuler, rieueller, rueler, ruiler, ruiller, from Latin regulāre.


Purueye

And I seide, “Ser, in his tyme maister Ioon Wiclef was holden of ful many men the grettis clerk that thei knewen lyuynge vpon erthe. And therwith he was named, as I gesse worthili, a passing reuli man and an innocent in al his lyuynge. And herfore grete men of kunnynge and other also drowen myche to him, and comownede ofte with him. And thei sauouriden so his loore that thei wroten it bisili and enforsiden hem to rulen hem theraftir… Maister Ion Aston taughte and wroot acordingli and ful bisili, where and whanne and to whom he myghte, and he vsid it himsilf, I gesse, right perfyghtli vnto his lyues eende. Also Filip of Repintoun whilis he was a chanoun of Leycetre, Nycol Herforde, dane Geffrey of Pikeringe, monke of Biland and a maistir dyuynyte, and [Ioon Purueye], and manye other whiche weren holden rightwise men and prudent, taughten and wroten bisili this forseide lore of Wiclef, and conformeden hem therto. And with alle these men I was ofte homli and I comownede with hem long tyme and fele, and so bifore alle othir men I chees wilfulli to be enformed bi hem and of hem, and speciali of Wiclef himsilf, as of the moost vertuous and goodlich wise man that I herde of owhere either knew. And herfore of Wicleef speciali and of these men I toke the lore whiche I haue taughte and purpose to lyue aftir, if God wole, to my lyues ende.”


tulk

Probably from Old Norse tulkr, from Old East Slavic тълкъ (tŭlkŭ), from Proto-Slavic *tъlkъ. Attested in the late 14th century (Sir Gawain and the Green Knight).


feminye

From Old French femenie, feminie (“the female sex, realm of women”).


gayne

Alternative form of gayn (“direct, fast, good, helpful”)


gayne

Alternative form of gayn (“quickly, near”)


hyde

English: hide

Scots: hide, hyde


hyde

hydes (plural)
hyden (plural)
hyde (plural)

Alternative form of hide (“hide (land measure)”)


hyde

Alternative form of hide (“concealment”)


hyde

Alternative form of hythe (“landing place, port”)


hyde

enm-verb

hyde (third-person singular simple present hydeth, present participle hydende, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle hydde)

hydeth (present singular third-person)
hydende (participle present)
hydde (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)


hyde

Alternative form of hyed: simple past/past participle of hyen (“to move quickly”)


writen

head

writen (singular simple past wroot, plural simple past wroten)

wroot (past singular)
wroten (past plural)
writen (infinitive)
to writen (infinitive)
write (infinitive)
write (first-person present singular)
wrot (first-person past singular)
writest (present second-person singular)
wrote (past second-person singular)
write (past second-person singular)
wrot (past second-person singular)
writeth (present singular third-person)
wrot (past singular third-person)
write (present singular subjunctive)
wrote (past singular subjunctive)
write (past singular subjunctive)
write (imperative present singular)
writen (plural present)
write (plural present)
wroten (past plural)
wrote (past plural)
writen (past plural)
write (past plural)
writeth (imperative plural present)
write (imperative plural present)
writynge (participle present)
writende (participle present)
writen (participle past)
wreten (participle past)
ywrite (participle past)

English: write

Scots: writ, wryte, wret

From Old English wrītan. Cognate to Middle Low German writen and Middle High German rīzen.

To write (draw letters on paper to form words); note the following common specialised senses:

To record in writing; to produce or add to a written document.

To act as a notary or a scribe; to transcribe into or note with writing.

To write about; to cover, discuss, or report on in writing.

To create a written or literary work; to author.

To send a letter or document one wrote off.

To convert into another language; to make a translation of.

And thei sauouriden so his loore that thei wroten it bisili and enforsiden hem to rulen hem theraftir… Maister Ion Aston taughte and wroot acordingli and ful bisili, where and whanne and to whom he myghte, and he vsid it himsilf, I gesse, right perfyghtli vnto his lyues eende.”

To form words or letters via means other than drawing or engraving.

(rare) To make one's signature or identifying symbol.

(rare) To represent via means other than writing.


coilon

English: cullion

From Old French coillon (“testicle”). See cullion.

14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales, "The Pardoner's Tale"
"I wolde I hadde thy coilons in myn hond, In stede of relikes or of saintuarye."

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


viciate

English: vitiate

Borrowed from Latin vitiātus, the past participle of vitiō; equivalent to vice + -at.

Spoiled, injured, or ruined; made corrupt or base.


slewth

Of the roote of thise sevene sinnes thanne is Pryde, the general rote of alle harmes; for of this rote springen certein braunches, as Ire, Envye, Accidie or Slewthe, Avarice or Coveitise (to commune understondinge), Glotonye, and Lecherye.

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Parson's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, section 23, line 388

Of the root of these seven sins, then, is Pride, the general root of all harms; for of this root spring certain branches, as Anger, Envy, Accidia or Sloth, Avarice or Covetousness (to common understanding), Gluttony, and Lechery.


quemely

From Old English *cwēmlīċ, ġecwēmlīċ, equivalent to queme + -ly.


quemely

From Old English *cwēmlīċe, ġecwēmlīċe (“acceptably, agreeably”), equivalent to queme + -ly. Cognate with Swedish kvämelika.


tyer

(Kent) Alternative form of teer (“tear”)


tharf

English: thair

Scots: thair

From Old English þearf, first and third person singular indicative of þurfan (“to be in need, have need of, need to, be required to, be obliged to, owe”), from Proto-Germanic *þurfaną, *þurbaną, *þerbaną (“may, need to, be allowed to”), from Proto-Indo-European *terp-, *trep- (“to saturate, enjoy”).
Cognate with Dutch durf (“(I) dare”) (infinitive durven), German darf (“(I) am allowed to”) (infinitive dürfen), Swedish tarva (“to require”), Icelandic þarf (“(I) need”) (infinitive þurfa).

first/third-person singular present indicative of tharen


savely

English: safely

Scots: safely

Lacking danger; safely, harmlessly or in a dangerless manner.

Avoiding sin; in a morally sound or safe manner.

With no risk to one's health or fitness; healthily.

Guardedly; ensuring security and lack of loss.

For defensive purposes; in order to preempt harm.

God woot that worldly Ioye is sone ago;
And if a rethor coude faire endyte,
He in a cronique saufly mighte it wryte,

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Nun's Priest's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 4396-4399

God knows that worldly joy is soon gone;
And if a rhetorician could fairly compose,
He in a chronicle confidently could write it,
As a supremely important fact.

Without doubt or unsureness; with certainness.


tharm

English: tharm

Scots: thairm, tharm

From Old English þearm.
Cognate to Old Frisian therm, Middle Low German darm, Middle Dutch darm, daerm, derm, Middle High German darm, Old Swedish tharmber, and Ancient Greek τόρμος (tórmos).

One of a creature's organs especially when located in the chest.

(often as plural) The guts, entrails, bowels or intestines.

(often as plural) The guts or intestines used as food.

(rare) A parasitic worm living in the intestines.

(rare) A child; one of one's immediate offspring or descendants.


gruf

They fellen gruf, and criden piteously.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Knyghtes Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:


dissimulour

English: dissimuler (obsolete)

⇒ English: dissembler

Not known in Old French or Middle French; apparently formed anew from dissimulen + -our in Middle English.

False dissimulour, O Greek Sinon, that broughtest Troye al outrely to sorwe.
O false dissembler, like the Greek Sinon, who brought the Trojans sorrow so severe!

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Tale of the Nonnes Preest”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, lines 456–459:


belamy

From Middle French bel (“fair”) + amy (“friend”).


percely

Of many a pilgrim hastow Cristes curs,
For of thy persly yet they fare the wors,
That they han eten with thy stubbel-goos;

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Cook's Prologue, The Canterbury Tales, line 4349-4352

Of many a pilgrim hast thou Christ's curse,
For of thy parsley yet they fare the worse,
Which they have eaten with thy stubble-fed goose;
For in thy shop is many a fly loose.


oundinge

As to the fyrſt ſynne in ſuperfluite of clothynge ſuch that maketh it ſo dere to the harme of the people, not only the coſt of imroydring the diſguyſed endendyng, or barringe, oundyng, palyng, wyndyng, or bendynge, and ſemblable waſt of cloth in vanite. But there is alſo the coſtlye furynge of in her gownes, ſo much ponſyng of cheſel to make hooles, ſo much daggyng of ſheres

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Parsons Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, folio cvi, recto:

As to the first sin—that is, superfluity of clothing—which makes the clothing so expensive, to the harm of the people; not only the cost of embroidering, the ostentatious ornamenting with bars, notches, wavy lines, stripes, folding, or decorative borders, the similar waste of cloth in vanity, but also the costly fur trimming in the gownes, so much punching of chisels to make holes, so much slitting with sheres.

(hapax) Wavy lines or stripes on clothing.


hyndreste

Equivalent to Modern English hinderest. See hinder.

Of Northfolk was this reve, of which I telle,
Bisyde a toun men clepen Baldeswelle.

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, General Prologue, The Canterbury Tales, line 619-622

And ever he rood the hindreste of our route.
Of Northfolk was this Reeve of whom I tell,
Near to a town men call Bawdeswelle.
He had his coat hitched up and belted, like a friar,
And ever he rode as the last of our company.


purpre

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Parson's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, section 80, line 933

Saint Jerome says that wives that are appareled in silk and in precious purple can not clothe themselves in Jesus Christ.

Seint Ierome seith, that wyves that been apparailled in silk and in precious purpre ne mowe nat clothen hem in Iesu Crist.


lafte

[...] ‘And to our hye goddes thanke we

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Monk's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 3387-3388

Of honour, that our eldres with us lafte.’
… ‘And to our high gods we give thanks
For the honor that our elders left with us.’


stree

In titering, and pursuite, and delayes,

Chaucer, Troilus and Criseyde (II, 1744-5)


frett

Alternative form of fret (“eating away”)


dusken

dusken (infinitive)
to dusken (infinitive)
duske (infinitive)
duske (first-person present singular)
dusked (first-person past singular)
duskest (present second-person singular)
duskedest (past second-person singular)
dusketh (present singular third-person)
dusked (past singular third-person)
duske (present singular subjunctive)
dusked (past singular subjunctive)
duske (imperative present singular)
dusken (plural present)
duske (plural present)
duskeden (past plural)
duskede (past plural)
dusketh (imperative plural present)
duske (imperative plural present)
duskynge (participle present)
duskende (participle present)
dusked (participle past)
ydusked (participle past)

English: dusk

From Old English doxian; equivalent to dosk + -en (infinitival suffix).


gorce

From Old French gort (“gulf”), nominative gorz, from Latin gurges, gurgitis (“whirlpool, gulf, stream”). See English gorge.


nempned

first/third-person singular past indicative of nempne


nempne

From Old English nemnan (“to name or call”). See name (verb).

Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales, The Man of Law's Tale, verses 506-508
til atte laste under an hoold that nempnen I ne kan fer in Northhumberlond, the wawe hir caste
(literally, “until at last under a keep I cannot name far up Northumerland she was cast”)


basilicok

From Old French basilicoc, extension of basilique.

14th c., Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales, The Parson’s Tale

The first finger [of the devil’s hand] is the foolish looking of the foolish woman and of the foolish man; that slays just as the basilisk slays folk by the venom of his sight, for the covetousness of the eyes follows the covetousness of the heart.

The first fingre is the foole loking of the foole woman and of the foole man, that sleth right as the basilicok sleth folk by venime of his sight: for the coveitise of the eyen foloweth the coveitise of the herte.


paynym

English: paynim

From Old French paienime, from Latin pāgānismus.


aunter

English: aunter


chincherye

For right as men blamen an avaricious man bycause of his scarsetee and chincherye / in the same wyse is he to blame that spendeth over largely

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “(please specify the story)”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:


smoterlich

"And eke for she was somdel smoterlich"

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Reues Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:


cokewold

English: cuckold

And demed hymself, been lik a cokewold.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Myllers Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, line 118:

And deemed himself, [he had] been like a cuckold.


emboyssement

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Tale of Melibee, The Canterbury Tales, section 31, line 2509

Then shall you evermore watch out for ambushes and all espionage.

Thanne shul ye evermore countrewayte embusshements and alle espiaille.


mawmet

English: mammet

Scots: maument (obsolete)

From Anglo-Norman maumet, mauhoumet, mahumet; deriving from Andalusian Arabic مَحُمَّدْ (“Maḥummad”), ultimately derived from Arabic مُحَمَّد (muḥammad). Doublet of Macomet and Mahown.

mi litle ſones kepe ȝe ȝou fro mawmetis

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Joon ·i· 5:21, page 115v, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

My little children, keep yourselves from idols.


tormentise

But natheles this Seneca the wyse
Chees in a bath to deye in this manere
Rather than han another tormentyse;

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Monk's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 3705-3708

But nonetheless this Seneca the wise
Chose in a bath to die in this manner
Rather than have another form of torment;
And thus has Nero slain his dear master.

And thus hath Nero slayn his maister dere.


ribible

Al konne he pleye on gyterne or ribible.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Cokes Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:


hirð

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of hird (“household”)


delit

To lyuen in delyt was euere his wone / For he was Epicurus owene sone / That heeld opynyoun þᵗ pleyn delit / Was verray felicitee parfit

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “Here Bygynneth the Book of the Tales of Caunt́burẏ”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 6, recto:

He was in the habit of living in delight; / He was like Epicurus' own son, / Holding the opinion that delight alone / Was true and perfect happiness.


frend

enm-noun

frend (plural frendes or (Early ME) frend)

frendes (plural)
frend (Early-Middle-English plural)

English: friend (see there for further descendants)

Scots: freend, frende, freynd, freind

Yola: vriene, friend

→ Welsh: ffrind

From Old English frēond, from Proto-West Germanic *friund, from Proto-Germanic *frijōndz; equivalent to fre + -ende.

A friend or compatriot; a close associate.


heleth

Alternative form of heleð (“hero, warrior”)


vath

With few menyhe mycht soyn thame scath, / And yhet eschape withouten vath.

1909, John Barbour, The Bruce, Volume 1, digitized edition, Adam and Charlie Black, published 2010, page 124:


bothe

desctree

English: booth
→ Bengali: বুথ (buth)
→ Scottish Gaelic: bùth
→ Welsh: bwth

Scots: buith, buth

A store, kiosk or booth, especially a temporary one.

A shack or cabin; any makeshift habitation.


bothe

English: both

Scots: baith

From Old English bā þā; possibly influenced by Old Norse báðir.

and nyle ȝe dꝛede hem þat moun ſle þe bodi .· foꝛ þei moun not ſle þe ſoule / but raþere dꝛede ȝe hym þat mai leeſe boþe bodi and ſoule in to helle

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 10:28, page 4v; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

But don't fear those who can kill the body, because they can't kill the soul. Instead, fear the one who can destroy both the body and soul in Hell.

both; both of (each or both of two things or groups of things)


bothe

English: both

Scots: baith

both (each or both of two things or groups of things)


bothe

English: both

Geordie English: byeth

Scots: baith


crevis

English: crevis; crayfish, crawfish (influenced by fish)

From Old French crevice, from Frankish *krebitja, diminutive of Frankish *krebit (“crab”), from Proto-Germanic *krabitaz.


amorette

English: amoret

Borrowed from Middle French amourette, form Old French amorette, from amor (“love”) + -ette (“diminutive suffix”); equivalent to amour + -et.

c. 1370s. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Romaunt of the Rose. 890-2.
For nought y-clad in silk was he,
But al in floures and flourettes,
Y-painted al with amorettes;


auncetry

His purpos was for to bistowe hire hye
Into som worthy blood of auncetry;

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Reues Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, lines 127-129:


facound

Though she were wise Pallas, dar I seyn / Hir facound eek ful wommanly and pleyn, / No countrefeted termes hadde she / To seme wys, but after hir degree / She spak […]

c. 1390, Geoffrey Chaucer, "The Reeve's Tale", Canterbury Tales, Ellesmere ms


hawebake

But nathelees, I recche noght a bene / Though I come after hym with hawebake. / I speke in prose, and lat him rymes make.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Man of Lawes Prologue”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, lines 94-96:

(nonce word) The baked berry of the hawthorn tree, i.e. coarse fare.


drasty

From Old English dræstig, equivalent to drast + -y. Noun component from Old English dærstan, dresten (“dregs”).

Thy drasty rymynge is not worth a torde

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Ryme of Syr Thopas”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, folio lxxix, recto, column 1, line 12:


Ermyn

From Old French Ermin, from Latin Armenius.

The Emperour of Rome / Claudius
Ne hym biforn / the Romayn Galien
Ne dorsten neuere / been so corageus
Ne noon Ermyn / ne noon Egipcien
No Surryen / ne noon Arabien
With-Inne the feeldes / þat dorste with hire fighte
Lest þat she wolde / hem with hir handes slen

Geoffrey Chaucer, The Monkes Tale, in the Hengwrt MS of Chaucer's Canterbury tales

Or with hire meynee / putten hem to flighte.


annueler

In Londoun was a prest, an annueler, / That therin dwelled hadde many a yer, […]

A priest employed in saying anniversary Masses.


forfete

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Parson's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, section 12, line 273

And all this suffered Jesus Christ, who never sinned.

And al this suffred Iesu Crist, that nevere forfeted.


plesance

[...] ‘And so hope I that he wol to yow sende

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Clerk's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 1035-1036

… ‘And so I hope that he will to you send
Pleasure enough unto your lives' end.’


swown

Twyës she swowned in his owne sighte;
He weep, and him excuseth pitously:— [...]

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Man of Law's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 1058-1059

Twice she swooned in his own sight;
He wept, and himself excuses piteously:— …

[...] her neyghbours thought she wolde swown and dye for sorow.

1526, John Rastell, “Of the Woman that followed her fourth husbands bere and wept.”, in A C, mery Talys.:


swown

And whan he saugh so stille that I lay,
He was agast, and would have fled away.
Til atte last out of my swown I brayde: [...]

14th c. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales. The Prologe of the Wyf of Bathe, line 797-799

And when he saw how still I lay,
He was frightened and would have fled on his way,
Until at the last out of my swoon I awoke: …


payn

English: pain (obsolete)

From Old French pain, from Latin panis (“bread”).


onethe

c. 1380s, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Parliament of Fowles
That erthe and eyr and tre and euery lake
So ful was, that onethe was there space
For me to stonde, so ful was al the place.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


nobley

youre Prynces erren as youre nobleye dooth

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The Nonne”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 171, verso, line 449:

your princes err, just as your nobility does

That ye so longe of youre benygnytee
 han holden me in honour and nobleye
 Where as I was noght worthy for to be
 That thonke I god and yow to whom I preye
 fforyelde it yow ther is namoore to seye

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The [Clerkys] Tale [of Oxenford]”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 185, verso, lines 771–774:

That you, of your benignity, for so long
 have held me here in honour and nobility—
 me, who was never worthy to be treated so—
 I thank god and you for, and I pray to him
 to repay you. There is no more to say.

And so bifel þᵗ after the thridde cours
 Whil þᵗ this kyng sit thus in his nobleye
 Herknynge his mynstrals hir thynges pleye
 Biforn hym at the bord deliciously

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The Squiers Tale”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 129, verso, lines 76–79:

And so it came to pass that after the third course
 While this king sat in grandeur
 Hearing his mistrals play their instruments
 at the dinner table luxuriously


disert

Alternative form of desert (“wilderness”)


lettrure

Two sones by this Odenake hadde she,
The whiche she kepte in vertu and lettrure; [...]

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Monk's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 3485-3486

Two sons by this Odenake had she,
Whom she kept in virtue and learning; …


herbergeour

The fame anon thurgh Rome town is born / How Alla kyng shal comen in pilgrymage / By herbergeours that wenten him biforn

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The [Mannes] Tale [of Lawe]”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 126, recto:

And the news immediately spread throughout all of Rome: / that the king Ælla was to come on pilgrimage / By harbingers who went in advance of him.


legement

English: ledgment, ledgement


rewth

Somwhat this lord hath rewthe in his manere;
But nathelees his purpos heeld he stille, [...]

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Clerk's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 579-580

Somewhat this lord had pity in his manner;
But nevertheless his purpose held he still, …


paraventure

par aventure
par aventure#Middle_English


brouded

alle his clothes brouded up and down

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Monkes Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:


grucches

third-person singular present indicative of grucche


grucche

enm-verb

grucche (third-person singular simple present grucches, present participle grucching, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle grucched)

grucches (present singular third-person)
grucching (participle present)
grucched (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)

English: grutch, grudge

I seye this, be ye redy with good herte
To al my lust, and that I frely may,
As me best thynketh, do yow laughe or smerte,
And nevere ye to grucche it nyght ne day,
And eek whan I sey ye, ne sey nat nay,
Neither by word, ne frownyng contenance?
Swere this, and heere I swere oure alliance.

1387, Geoffrey Chaucer, Canterbury Tales, Clerk's Tale, pages 351–4:

I say this, be ye ready with good heart
To all my lust, and that I freely may
As me best thinketh do you laugh or smart,
And never ye to grudge it, night nor day,
And eke when I say "Yea", ye say not "Nay",
Neither by word, nor frowning countenance?
Swear this, and here swear I our alliánce.


tapinage

Right so this newe tapinage
Of Lollardie goth aboute

c. 1386–1390, John Gower, edited by Reinhold Pauli, Confessio Amantis of John Gower: Edited and Collated with the Best Manuscripts, volume (please specify |volume=I, II, or III), London: Bell and Daldy […], published 1857, →OCLC:


parfitly

[...] This wol be doon at leyser parfitly.

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Merchant's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 1834

… This will be done at leisure perfectly.


atend

atend (third-person singular simple present atendeth, present participle atendende, atendynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle atended)

atendeth (present singular third-person)
atendende (participle present)
atendynge (participle present)
atended (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)


dischevele

Him thoughte, he rood al of the newe Iet;

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, General Prologue, The Canterbury Tales, line 682-683

It seemed to him that he rode in the very latest style;
With hair unbound, save for his cap, he rode all bare-headed.

Dischevele, save his cappe, he rood al bare.


papejay

Quote : That in the gardin with his faire May / Singeth, ful merier than the papejay.


herbergage

From Old French herbergage, herberjage; equivalent to Old French herbergier + -age. Compare herberjour and herberwe.

Where as ther was / swich congregacioun / Of peple / and eek so streit of herbergage / That they ne founde / as muche as o cotage

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The Nonnes Preestes Tale of the Cok / and Hen / Chaũtecler ⁊ Ꝑtelote”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 101, verso:

Where there was such a multitude of people / but such a dearth of lodgings, / That they didn't find as much as a cottage.


secrely

Another clerk sayth, that scarsly shalt thou finden any persone that may kepe thy conseil secrely.


spicer

English: spicer

From Old French espicier, from Latin speciarius; equivalent to spice + -er.

Spicers speeken with him to a-spien heore ware

c. 1370–1390, [William Langland], “(please specify the passus number)”, in The Vision of Pierce Plowman [...], London: […] Roberte Crowley, […], published 1550, →OCLC:


sclender

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, General Prologue, The Canterbury Tales, line 587-588

His berd was shave as ny as ever he can.
The Reeve was a slender choleric man,
His beard was shaved as close as ever he can.

‘This maketh that our heires been so sclendre

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Monk's Prologue, The Canterbury Tales, line 3147-3148

‘This makes our heirs to be so scrawny
And feeble that they can not well beget children.’

And feble, that they may nat wel engendre.’


creacion

English: creation

Scots: creation

From Old French creacion, from Latin creātiōnem, accusative of creātiō; equivalent to createn + -ioun.

The process of making, inventing, or creating.

The process of granting or bestowing a title or an office.


atsterten

From at- + sterten. Compare German entstürzen. See also astart.


mawmetry

What dyfference is there betwyxt an ydolaſter and an auaricyous man. But that an ydolaſter perauenture ne hathe nat but a mawmet or two, but the auaricious man hath many. For certes euery floreyn in hys coffre, is his maumet. And certes the ſynne of maumetry is the fyrſte that God defended, as in the .x. commaudements

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Parsons Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, folio cxii, recto:

What is the difference between an idolater and an avaricious man, but that the idolater has only two idols when the avaricious man has many. Indeed, every gold coin in his coffer is his idol. And, certainly, the sin of idolatry is the first that God prohibited, as in the Ten Commandments


strout

From Old English *strūt, from Proto-West Germanic *strūt, from Proto-Germanic *strūtaz; compare strouten.


reule

English: rule

Scots: rule, reule

>? Yola: zwae

From Old French reule, from Latin rēgula.

principle, scientific law; rule of nature


hwanne

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of whanne


hwo

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of who (“who”, nominative)


overshaken

Now welcome, somer, with thy sonne softe, That hast thes wintres wedres over-shake, And driven away the longe nyghtes blake!

1377, Chaucer, “v. 680”, in Parlement of Foules:


sexteyn

So dide our sexteyn and our fermerer,
That han been trewe freres fifty yeer;
They may now, god be thanked of his lone,

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Summoner's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 1859-1862

So did our sacristan and the head of our infirmary,
That have been true friars fifty years;
They may now, God be thanked of his grace,
Make their fiftieth anniversary and walk alone.


septemtrioun

Borrowed from Latin septentriō, septentriōnem. Compare Modern English septentrion.

Bothe est and weste, [south], and septemtrioun.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Monkes Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, line 2467:

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer Boece, Book II And ek this Nero governyde by ceptre alle the peples that ben undir the colde sterres that highten the septemtryones. (This is to seyn he governede alle the peples that ben under the partye of the north.)


emforth

[...] Emforth my might, thy trewe servant be,
And holden werre alwey with chastitee; [...]

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Knight's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 2235-2236

… According to my power, be thy true servant,
And make war always against chastity; …

according to; in a way that is conformable to


thurgh

English: through, thorough

Scots: throuch, thorow

Yola: trugh, draugh

From Old English þurh, þuruh, from Proto-Germanic *þurhw.

But for to speke of vertuous beautee,
Thanne was she oon the faireste under sonne,
For povreliche yfostred up was she,
No likerous lust was thurgh hir herte yronne.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “(please specify the story)”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:


clum

Perhaps for *clomen (“stiff, numb”), past participle of *cleomen (“to be stiff”); compare Middle English acleomen (“to be stiff”), related to Middle English clumsen, clomsen (“to be stiff, be numb”), Dutch kleumen (“to be stiff from cold”); or perhaps representing Old English clom, clam, clamm (“band, bond, fetter, chain, grip, grasp”). Compare also Old English clumian (“to mutter”). More at clam.

‘Now, Pater-noster, clom!’ seyde Nicholay,

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Miller's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 3638-3639

"Now, Pater-noster, quiet!" said Nicholay,
And "quiet," said John, and "quiet," said Alisoun.

And ‘clom,’ quod John, and ‘clom,’ seyde Alisoun.


hautein

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Parson's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, section 40, line 614

For truly, Solomon says that ‘Flattery is worse than detraction.’ For sometimes detraction makes a haughty man be the more humble, for he dreads detraction; but certainly flattery, that makes a man to make his heart and his behavior grow proud.

For sothe, Salomon seith, that ‘flaterie is wors than detraccioun.’ For som-tyme detraccion maketh an hautein man be the more humble, for he dredeth detraccion; but certes flaterye, that maketh a man to enhauncen his herte and his contenaunce.


blume

Alternative form of blome (“chunk of iron”)


amenusen

amenusen (third-person singular simple present amenuseth, present participle amenusende, amenusynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle amenused)

amenuseth (present singular third-person)
amenusende (participle present)
amenusynge (participle present)
amenused (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)

English: adminish

14th c. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales. The Parson's Tale, Second Part, Beginning, 21.
For sothe, the dede of this venial synne is ful perilous; for it amenuseth the love that men sholde han to God moore and moore.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

14th c. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales. The Parson's Tale, Second Part, Beginning, 21. [...] And therfore, it a man charge hymself with manye swiche venial synnes, certes, but if so be that he somtyme descharge hym of hem by shrifte, they mowe ful lightly amenuse in hym al the love that he hath to Jhesu Crist; [...]


courb

Her necke is short, her shoulders courb.


bely

English: belly, ballow, bellows

Scots: belly, bally

Yola: bellee, belooze

From Old English bælg, from Proto-West Germanic *balgi.


greece

Alternative form of grece (“step, steps”)


forwerpe

first/third-person singular present indicative

inflection of forwerpen:
present subjunctive singular

inflection of forwerpen:
imperative singular


wrathe

`And that shal been an huge quantitee,
Thus shal I seyn, but, lest it folk aspyde,
This may be sent by no wight but by me;
I shal eek shewen him, if pees bityde,
What frendes that ich have on every syde
Toward the court, to doon the wrathe pace
Of Priamus, and doon him stonde in grace.

c. 1380, Geoffrey Chaucer, “BOOK IV. Incipit Prohemium Liber Quartus.”, in Troilus and Criseyde:


wyf

wyfes (plural)
wyves (plural)
wyve (plural)

English: wife (see there for further descendants)

Scots: wife

From Old English wīf, from Proto-West Germanic *wīb, from Proto-Germanic *wībą, of uncertain origin.

ca. 1380: It cam in cuppemele — this craft my wif used! — William Langland, Piers Plowman

ca. 1380, — Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales, The Merchant's Tale
That in a morwe unto this May saith he
Rys up, my wif, my love, my lady fre

In lyke wyse as democreon the philosophre put out his owen eyen be cause he wold not see that no good myght come to the euyll and vicyous peple wyth out right And also defortes the philosophre as he went toward his deth / his wyf that folowed after hym saide that he was dampned to deth wrongfully / than he answerd and sayd to her / holde thy peas and be styll / hit is better and more merytorye to dye by a wronge and unrightfull Jugement / than that I had deseruyd to dye.

1474, Caxton, Game and Playe of the Chesse:

The leading woman of a household; a matriarch.


wough

English: wough

From Old English wōh; from Proto-Germanic *wanhaz.


wough

English: wough


chawnce

(Late Middle English) Alternative form of chaunce


ferforth

English: farforth

Far, forth; to a (great) degree or extent; advanced.

as ferforth; so ferforth: so far (as); as much or to as great a degree (as)

as ferforth as; as ferforth þat: insofar as, to the same degree or extent as.

so ferforth þat: to such an extent that

thus ferforth: so far


claye

Alternative form of cley (“wooden frame”)


tablement

English: tablement

From Anglo-Norman tablement; equivalent to table + -ment.


marketh

(chiefly Northern) Alternative form of market


forslouthed

first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle of forslouthen


polyve

Ther may no man out of the place it dryve

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Squire's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 183-185

And cause why, for they can nat the craft.
No man there can drive it out of the place
Despite any contrivance of windlass or pulley;
And the reason why? Because they do not know the craft.


drenchen

drenchen (infinitive)
to drenchen (infinitive)
drenche (infinitive)
drenche (first-person present singular)
dreynte (first-person past singular)
drenched (first-person past singular)
drenchest (present second-person singular)
dreyntest (past second-person singular)
drenchedest (past second-person singular)
drencheth (present singular third-person)
dreynte (past singular third-person)
drenched (past singular third-person)
drenche (present singular subjunctive)
dreynte (past singular subjunctive)
drenched (past singular subjunctive)
drenche (imperative present singular)
drenchen (plural present)
drenche (plural present)
dreynten (past plural)
dreynte (past plural)
drencheden (past plural)
drenchede (past plural)
drencheth (imperative plural present)
drenche (imperative plural present)
drenchynge (participle present)
drenchende (participle present)
dreynt (participle past)
drenched (participle past)
ydreynt (participle past)
ydrenched (participle past)

English: drench

Scots: drynch

From Old English drenċan and ġedrenċan, from Proto-West Germanic *drankijan, from Proto-Germanic *drankijaną (“to cause to drink, drench”).

inh

(transitive, intransitive) To submerge; to place underwater:

(transitive) To sink a nation or region; to flood.

To submerge; to place underwater:
To sink a nation or region; to flood.

[…]This world, he ſeyde, in laſſe than an hour / Shal al be dreynt, ſo hidous is the ſhour. / Thus ſhal mankynde drenche, and leſe hir lyf.

a. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Miller's Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, lines 3519–3521:

[…] This world, he said, in under an hour, / will all be drowned, as the shower'll be that strong. / Thus humankind will perish and lose their lives.

(intransitive) To drown; die by drowning.

To submerge; to place underwater:
To drown; die by drowning.

(transitive) To end one's life via drowning.

To submerge; to place underwater:
To end one's life via drowning.

(intransitive) To be submerged or placed underwater.

(transitive, sometimes reflexive) To totally surround, surge, or submerge; to overpower.

(intransitive) To be totally surrounded, surged, or submerged.

(transitive, rare) To provide with or offer a beverage.

(intransitive, rare) To consume or have a beverage.


forslouthen

enm-verb

forslouthen (third-person singular simple present forsloutheth, present participle forslouthende, forslouthynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle forslouthed)

forsloutheth (present singular third-person)
forslouthende (participle present)
forslouthynge (participle present)
forslouthed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)

From Old English forslǣwan, reshaped from the noun slouthe, slewthe (“sloth”). The original form also survived as forsleuen.

(intransitive) To delay, to be slow to act.

(transitive) To neglect (to do something), to leave undone.

(transitive) To lose through sloth or negligence.


forfered

forfered of his deth

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Squyers Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:


eame

(Late Middle English) Alternative form of em


chirm

English: chirm, churm; charm, jarm

Scots: chirm, churme

Inherited from Old English ċierm, from Proto-West Germanic *karmi, from Proto-Germanic *karmiz.

(rare) A chirp or tweet; an avian vocalisation.


coyn

English: coin, quoin, coign

→ Japanese: コイン (koin)

Scots: cuinyie, cunzie

Borrowed from Old French coin, from Latin cuneus.

The impression or imagery on a coin; an imprint.

Any kind of currency; a token bearing monetary value.

(rare) A stone placed in the corner of an arch; a quoin.


coyn

Scots: coyne (obsolete)

→ Irish: cainche

desctree

⇒ Middle English: quynce, quyns, qwince, quince, quence, qwyns, coynce
English: quince
→ Thai: ควินซ์ (kwíns)
→ Welsh: cwins
Scots: quince

Borrowed from Old French cooing, from Latin cotōneum.


cowardise

English: cowardice

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman cuardise; equivalent to coward + -ise.


envyned

From Old French enviner (“to store with wine”), from en- + vin (“wine”). See vine.

der

A better envyned man was no wher non.

p. 1387, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales, General Prologue:

(nonce word) stored or furnished with wine


thryes

In listes thryes, and ay slayn his foo. 1400 , Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales, Oxford (2007), line 63


deignous

Then Troilus right wonder well withal / 'Gan for to like her meaning and her cheer, / Which somedeal deignous was […]

c. 1380s, [Geoffrey Chaucer, William Caxton, editor], The Double Sorow of Troylus to Telle Kyng Pryamus Sone of Troye … [Troilus and Criseyde], [Westminster]: Explicit per Caxton, published 1482, →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], (please specify |book=I to V), [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:


outtaken

[...] ‘And ye, my moder, my soverayn plesance
Over alle thing, out-taken Crist on-lofte,
Custance, your child, hir recomandeth ofte
Un-to your grace, for I shal to Surryë,

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Man of Law's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 276-280

… ‘And you, my mother, my greatest joy
Over all things, except Christ above,
Custance your child commends herself often
Unto your grace, for I must go to Syria,
Nor shall I never see you again with my eyes.’


eggement

Mother, quod she, and maydenbright Marie, Soth is, that thurgh womannes eggement Mankind was lorne, and damned ay to die

(Can we date this quote?), Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales, pages 5240–5279:

The process of egging on or enticing; instigation or incitement.


scrit

Of every scrit and bond.

1387-1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, Canterbury Tales:


orfray

English: orphrey, orfrey, orphray

From Middle French orfrais, orfreis, orfrois, and other forms, from Late Latin aurifrasium, aurifrisium, and other forms, from Latin aurum Phrygium (“gold embroidery”, literally “Phrygian gold”). In Middle English, the final -s was often reinterpreted as a plural ending.

Orfrayes freſhe, was her garlande / I whiche haue ſene a thouſande / Saw neuer ywys no garlande yet / So well wrought of ſylke as it

c. 1360s (date written), Geffray Chaucer [i.e., Geoffrey Chaucer], “The Romaunt of the Rose”, in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London: […] Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], published 1542, →OCLC, folio cxxxii, recto, column 2:

Her garland was of fresh orphreys; / I, who have seen a thousand of them, / Have indeed never seen a garland / So well wrought of silk as it.

Any elaborate embroidery, especially when made of gold thread.

A piece of fabric) adorned with such embroidery.

Fine embroidered decoration, especially a border or fringe composed of such embroidery.


sotilte

English: subtlety

From Old French sutilté, from Latin subtīlitās; equivalent to sotil + -te.

Mental power or ability; smartness or cleverness:

An instance of mental power or ability; a smart deed:

An unfair argument that uses sophistry or subtlety.

A mental exercise, trial or challenge; a test of one's mind.

A strategy or solution; a hidden method or teaching.

Sophistication, complexness; the state of being incomprehensible.

Capability; ability in a specified domain or area.

Deceiving, insidiousness; the concealment of one's true behaviour or goals.

An act of deception, insidiousness or deceiving; a trick or ploy.

Nay nay god woot / al be he monk of frere [/] Preest or chanon̄ / or eny other wight [/] Thougħ he sitte at his book/ [sic] boþe day and nyght [/] In learnyng of his eluissħ nyce lore [/] As is in veyne / and parde moche more [/] Is to lerne a lewed man / this sotilte [/] ffy spek not þer-of / for it wol not be

No, no, God knows, whether he is a monk, a friar / A clergyman, a priest, or any other living being / Even if he sits at his studies day and night / Learning mysterious and pointless lore / It is all in vain, and worse than that! / To teach an uninitiated man this trick— / Ha! Don't think of it; it's impossible.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Tale of the Chanons Yeman”, in The Canterbury Tales, Lichfield Cathedral MS. 029, leaf 175, back; republised and transcribed in Frederick J. Furnivall (editor), The Hengwrt MS of Chaucer's Canterbury tales, 1881, →OCLC, Part VI, Appendix 5, page 555, lines 839–845:

An ornamental meal made to resemble a famous event.

Narrowness or diminutiveness; lacking in dimensions.

The quality of being fluidic or lacking viscosity.


chesible

English: chasuble (remodelled on Latin)

Borrowed from Old French chesible, from Late Latin casubla, casubula.


savacioun

English: salvation

Scots: salvation

Borrowed from Old French salvacion, sauvacion, from Late Latin salvātiō, salvātiōnem; equivalent to saven + -acioun.

Security; the act of making or state of being protected.

Foꝛ God ſo wyſely be my ſaluation / I loued neuer by no dyſcretion / But euer folowed myne appetite

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Wyfe of Bathes Prologue”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, folio xxxix, verso, column 1, lines 621-623:

Because God will be my salvation, / I never loved with any discretion, / but always obeyed my appetites.

Religious salvation; deliverance from eternal doom.

An individual who acts as security or salvation.

Preservation, maintenance, or that which ensures it.

(rare) Deliverance from or remediation of a wrong.

(medicine, rare) Medical remediation; the restoration of health.


chekelatoun

14th c, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Rime of Sire Thopas, The Canterbury Tales, 1793, A Complete Edition of the Poets of Great Britain, Volume 1, page 124,
His robe was of chekelatoun, / That coste many a jane.


ȝeinturn

Scots: ganeturne

A turning back, away, or aside; an evasion or evasive movement.


ȝeinchar

From Old English ġēanċyrr, ġēanċierr (“a meeting, encounter, a turning against, a coming against, a return”), equivalent to ȝein- + char.

a return; a way of returning; a turning back; a means of escape


maltalent

English: maltalent (obsolete)

From Middle French maltalent, from Old French mautalant; equivalent to mal- + talent.


gaincall

to call to mind; to recall, to recollect


gaynras

A racing back or a return in one's course.


ȝeincleappe

A blow in return; a counterblow, counterstroke, or counterstrike.


gayn-turnyng

Scots: gayne-turnyng, ganeturning

From gayn- + turnyng, or from gaynturnen + -yng.


withturnen

enm-verb

withturnen (third-person singular simple present withturneth, present participle withturnende, withturnynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle withturned)

withturneth (present singular third-person)
withturnende (participle present)
withturnynge (participle present)
withturned (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)

1563, Mirror for Magistrates

But God of Justyce had withturnd that fate, Which where hit ought, lyght on hys proper pate.
(please add an English translation of this quotation)

(transitive, intransitive) To turn around; turn back or away.

1470, Thomas Mallory, quoted by Barbara W. Tuchman in Bible and Sword: England and Palestine from the Bronze Age to Balfour

In that account Joseph, “by fortune come unto thys lande that at that time was called Grete Bretayne,” was able to “disheryt” a “grete felon paynim” who ruled the country, and “after that all the people withturned to the Crystyn feythe.
(please add an English translation of this quotation)


grinting

waimenting and grinting of teeth


litarge

Ther nas quik-silver, litarge, ne brimstoon,
Boras, ceruce, ne oille of tartre noon, [...]

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, General Prologue, The Canterbury Tales, line 629-630

There was no mercury, lead monoxide, nor sulphur,
Borax, white lead, nor any oil of tarter, …

Our orpiment and sublymed Mercurie,
Our grounden litarge eek on the porphurie,
Of ech of thise of ounces a certeyn
Nought helpeth us, our labour is in veyn.
Our orpiment, and purified mercury,

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canon's Yeoman's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 774-777

A certain number of ounces of each of these
Nothing helps us, our labor is in vain.

Our litharge ground also on the porphyry mortar,


vernicle

And þe vernicle bi-fore · for men schulde him knowe

c1386, Langland, “A-text”, in Piers Plowman:

A vernicle hadde he sowed on his cappe. / His walet lay biforn him in his lappe.

1392, Chaucer, “Prologue 685”, in The Canterbury Tales^([The Complete Works of Geoffrey Chaucer]):


thedom

Chaucer


crabbes

From crabbe (“crab”) + -es (“plural suffix”).


crabbes

From crabbe (“crabapple”) + -es (“plural suffix”).


crabbe

English: crab

Scots: crab, craib

Inherited from Old English crabba, from Proto-West Germanic *krabbō, from Proto-Germanic *krabbô.

A crayfish, lobster or similar crustacean.


crabbe

English: crab, scrab

Scots: scrab

Of Germanic origin, perhaps influenced by sense 1 or the adjective crabbed and altered from Scots and northern English scrab, of the same meaning, plausibly ultimately from North Germanic, cognate with Swedish dialect scrabba, krabbäpple.


vey

Alternative form of fey (“marked for death”)


gerful

Compare Old French girer (“to twirl”), English gyrate.

[...] Right so can gery Venus overcaste
The hertes of hir folk; right as hir day

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Knight's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 1536-1538

… Just so can fickle Venus sadden
The hearts of her folk; just as her day
Is changeable, just so she changes her array.

Is gerful, right so chaungeth she array.


browdyng

Chaucer

Of goldsmithrye, of browdying, and of steel.


bretful

From brerd + -ful, calquing Old Norse *breddfullr.

14th c. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales. General Prologue: 688-9.
His walet lay biforn hym in his lappe
Bretful of pardoun come from Rome al hoot.


sklayre

Cognate with German Low German Sleier, German Schleier.


reneye

And, amongst these other, there is a great image more than any of the other, that is all covered with fine gold and precious stones and rich pearls; and that idol is the god of false Christians that have reneyed their faith.

1357, John Mandeville, The Travels of Sir John Mandeville, modernized spelling edition:

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Man of Law's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 375-376

And seyde him, that she wolde reneye hir lay, [...]
She rides to the Sultan on a day,
And said to him that she would renounce her religion, …


spigurnel

>? English: spignel

From Anglo-Norman spigurnel, spigurnelle, and Anglo-Latin spigurnella, further etymology unknown.

An unknown broomlike flowering plant with medicinal uses (possibly spignel).


catel

Hise tithes payed he ful faire and wel,
Bothe of his propre swynk and his catel.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Prologues”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, lines 541-542:

Property, as distinguished from rent or income.


idele

(Early Middle English, Northern) Alternative form of ydole


despitous

And though he hooly were and vertuous, He was to synful men nat despitous

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “(please specify the story)”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:


gery

Subject to frequent and sudden changes; variable, unpredictable.

Right so kan gery Venus ouercaste The hertes of hir folk.

1385, Geoffrey Chaucer, “Knight's Tale”, in Canterbury Tales:

How þe while turneth With gyuleris, joyffull for here gery jaces.


unsely

English: unsilly

From Old English unsǣliġ, equivalent to un- + sely.

Chaucer, Troilus and Criseyde; Book I, lines 34-35

Switch pain and woe as love's folk endure/ In Troilus' unsely adventure

Swich peyne and wo as loues folk endure/In Troilus vnsely auenture

Not blessed or happy; wretched; unfortunate.


ryder

English: rider

From Old English rīder, from riden + -er.

A rider or equestrian; one who rides a horse.

A horseman or mounted combatant; a knight.


wlaten

enm-verb

wlaten (third-person singular simple present wlateth, present participle wlatende, wlatynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle wlated)

wlateth (present singular third-person)
wlatende (participle present)
wlatynge (participle present)
wlated (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)

Scots: wlate

From Old English wlǣtian (“to loathe; cause a person loathing, disgust”).

inh

(intransitive) to feel disgust (toward); loathe; abominate

(transitive) to disgust; cause (one) to loathe


flathe

English: flathe, flath

Inherited from Old English *flaþa, from Proto-West Germanic *flaþō. Doublet of flathon and flaun.


flathon

English: flathon (obsolete)

Borrowed from Medieval Latin fladonem, accusative of flado, from Frankish *flaþō. Doublet of flathe and flaun.


flerd

English: flird, flirt

Scots: flird

From Old English fleard (“nonsense; folly, vanity; deception, fraud; superstition”); cognate with Icelandic flærð (“deceit”), Old Danish flerdh, flær (“deceit, falsehood”), Swedish flärd (“frivolity, vanity; flamboyance”); see also Scots flird.

cog

So waſ herodeſ fox and flerd, / ðo criſt kam in-to ðis middel-erd, / he ſeide he wulde leuen on, / and ðogte he wulde him fordon.

a. 1250, “[A Bestiary, Arundel MS. 292, leaf 4a.] Natura wulpis [The Fox]”, in Richard Morris, editor, An Old English Miscellany Containing a Bestiary, Kentish Sermons, Proverbs of Alfred, Religious Poems of the Thirteenth Century, from Manuscripts in the British Museum, Bodleian Library, Jesus College Library, etc., London: Published for the Early English Text Society, by N. Trübner & Co., 60, Paternoster Row, published 1872, pages 14–15, lines 452–455:

So was Herod fox and deceiver, / for when Christ came into the world, / he said he would worship him, / and thought he would kill him.


supprise

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Tale of Melibee, The Canterbury Tales, section 63, line 2923-2924

And when they heard the goodly words of dame Prudence, / they were so taken and ravished, and had such great joy of her that it was a wonder to tell.

And whan they herden the goodliche wordes of dame Prudence, / they weren so surprised and ravisshed, and hadden so greet Ioye of hir, that wonder was to telle.


dumben

dumben (infinitive)
to dumben (infinitive)
dumbe (infinitive)
dumbe (first-person present singular)
dumbed (first-person past singular)
dumbest (present second-person singular)
dumbedest (past second-person singular)
dumbeth (present singular third-person)
dumbed (past singular third-person)
dumbe (present singular subjunctive)
dumbed (past singular subjunctive)
dumbe (imperative present singular)
dumben (plural present)
dumbe (plural present)
dumbeden (past plural)
dumbede (past plural)
dumbeth (imperative plural present)
dumbe (imperative plural present)
dumbynge (participle present)
dumbende (participle present)
dumbed (participle past)
ydumbed (participle past)

English: dumb

From Old English dumbian, from Proto-West Germanic *dumbōn, from Proto-Germanic *dumbōną, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“to whisk, smoke, darken, obscure”).


forslyngren

enm-verb

forslyngren (third-person singular simple present forslyngreth, present participle forslyngrende or forslingrynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle forslyngred)

forslyngreth (present singular third-person)
forslyngrende (participle present)
forslingrynge (participle present)
forslyngred (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)

From Middle Dutch verslingeren (“to disperse, throw about”), equivalent to for- + slingen. See also Middle English forslyngred.

bor

that one had an leden malle, and that other a grete leden wapper, ther wyth they wappred and al forslyngred hym.

1481, William Caxton, edited by William J. Thoms, History of Reynard the Fox, Percy Society, page 18:

One had a leaden hammer, the other a great leaden ball; with these they struck and beat him.


forlong

enm-verb

forlong (third-person singular simple present forlongeth, present participle forlongende, forlongynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle forlonged)

forlongeth (present singular third-person)
forlongende (participle present)
forlongynge (participle present)
forlonged (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)

1496, Dives and Paupers

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

They haue leuer to gyue .xx. shellynges to forlonge the soules in payne all a yere.

(transitive) To keep or continue longer; prolong.


swough

English: sough

Yola: zough

He siketh with full many a sorry swough.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Myllers Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:

Thenne the dragon flewe awey al on a heyȝte / and come doune with suche a swough and smote the bore on the rydge

1470–1485 (date produced), Thomas Malory, “Capitulum 4”, in [Le Morte Darthur], book V, [London: […] by William Caxton], published 31 July 1485, →OCLC, leaf 83, recto; republished as H[einrich] Oskar Sommer, editor, Le Morte Darthur […], London: David Nutt, […], 1889, →OCLC, page 165, lines 19-20:

Then the dragon flew away to a great height, and came down with such a "swoosh", and smote the bear on the ridge

Tho shrighte this faucoun moore yet pitously Than ever she dide, and fll to grounde anon And lith aswowne, deed, and lyk a stoon, Til Canacee hath in hir lappe hir take Unto the tyme she gan of swough awake.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Squyers Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:


sclaundre

The sclaundre of Walter ofte and wyde spradde,
That of a cruel herte he wikkedly,
For he a povre womman wedded hadde,

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Clerk's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 722-725

The ill fame of Walter spread often and wide,
That of a cruel heart he wickedly,
Because he had wedded a poor woman,
Has murdered both his children secretly.

Hath mordred bothe his children prively.


cokenay

[...] And when this Iape is tald another day,

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Reeve's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 4207-4208

… And when this trick is told another day,
I shall be considered a fool, a weakling!


vaile

(Late Middle English) Alternative form of vale


preef

[...] He that semeth the wysest, by Iesus!

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canon's Yeoman's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 967-968

Is most fool, whan it cometh to the preef; [...]
… He who seems the wisest, by Jesus!
Is the greatest fool, when it comes to the proof; …


sermoning

Than seyde he thus to Palamon ful right;

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Knight's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 3090-3092

To make yow assente to this thing.’
Then said he thus to Palamon the knight;
‘I suppose little preaching is needed here
To make you assent to this thing.’


proheme

English: proem

Borrowed from Old French proheme, from Latin prooemium, from Ancient Greek προοίμιον (prooímion).


mormal

14th C., Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales, "General Prologue", lines 387-388

But greet harm was it, as it thoughte me, / That on his shyne a mormal hadde he.
But very ill it was, it seemed to me, / That on his shin a deadly sore had he.


slutte

English: slut

Yola: slut


halsed

simple past of halsen (“to embrace, caress”)

simple past/past participle of halsen (“to beseech”)


scove

English: shove

Yola: keowe, kewe, khow


chierte

From Old French cherté. Compare charite.

Yet tikled it his herte, for that he

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Wife of Bath's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 395-396

Yet it tickled his heart, for he
Believed that I had of him so great affection.

Wende that I hadde of him so greet chiertee.

Whanne the Quene ladyes & 20 gentilwymmen wyſt theſe tydynges / they had ſuche ſorowe & heuyneſſe that ther myght no tonge telle hit / for tho knyghtes had hold them in honour and chyerte

1470–1485 (date produced), Thomas Malory, “Capitulum Octauum”, in [Le Morte Darthur], book XIII, [London: […] by William Caxton], published 31 July 1485, →OCLC, leaf 311, recto; republished as H[einrich] Oskar Sommer, editor, Le Morte Darthur […], London: David Nutt, […], 1889, →OCLC, page 621:


clergeon

a litel clergeon, seven yeer of age

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Prioresses Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:

A little chorister boy, seven years of age


argoile

From Anglo-Norman argoil, from Latin argilla (“clay”).

Cley made w[ith] horse dũge, mans heere, & oyle
Of tartre alim, glas, berme, worte, & argoile

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Tale of the Chanons Yeman”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, folio lxiv, verso:


secund

Alternative form of secunde (“after the first”)


biwreyen

biwreyen (infinitive)
to biwreyen (infinitive)
biwreye (infinitive)
biwreye (first-person present singular)
biwreyed (first-person past singular)
biwreyest (present second-person singular)
biwreyedest (past second-person singular)
biwreyeth (present singular third-person)
biwreyed (past singular third-person)
biwreye (present singular subjunctive)
biwreyed (past singular subjunctive)
biwreye (imperative present singular)
biwreyen (plural present)
biwreye (plural present)
biwreyeden (past plural)
biwreyede (past plural)
biwreyeth (imperative plural present)
biwreye (imperative plural present)
biwreyynge (participle present)
biwreyende (participle present)
biwreyed (participle past)
ybiwreyed (participle past)

English: bewray

From Old English *bewrēġan, from Proto-Germanic *biwrōgijaną (“to speak about; tell on; inform of”), equivalent to bi- + wreien.


childing

English: childing (archaic)


growen

growen (infinitive)
to growen (infinitive)
growe (infinitive)
growe (first-person present singular)
grew (first-person past singular)
growest (present second-person singular)
grewe (past second-person singular)
grew (past second-person singular)
groweth (present singular third-person)
grew (past singular third-person)
growe (present singular subjunctive)
grewe (past singular subjunctive)
growe (imperative present singular)
growen (plural present)
growe (plural present)
grewen (past plural)
grewe (past plural)
groweth (imperative plural present)
growe (imperative plural present)
growynge (participle present)
growende (participle present)
growen (participle past)
growe (participle past)
ygrowen (participle past)
ygrowe (participle past)

English: grow

Scots: grow

From Old English grōwan, from Proto-West Germanic *grōan.

To grow (usually of plants, fruit, etc.):

(often of people) to grow up; to mature.

To increase; to magnify:
To increase in amount; to multiply.

To increase; to magnify:
To increasingly take on an attribute.

To increase; to magnify:
To become stronger or more powerful.

To increase; to magnify:
(of plants) To thrive; to flourish.

To increase; to magnify:
To thrive; to flourish.


abrogen

Borrowed from Old French abroger. Compare modern English abrogate.


mynchen

English: minchen, minch

From Old English myneċenu; equivalent to monk + -en (feminine suffix).

(Christianity) A woman who is a member of a monastic order and who lives in a cloister; a nun.


umshaden

(Christianity, of the Holy Spirit) to overshadow or descend upon (the Virgin Mary)


kerne

English: kern, kerne

Fingallian: kern


habundance

Chaucer: "Thow hast yit manye habundances of thynges."


sote

Whan that Auerill wᵗ his shoures soote / The droghte of march hath ꝑced to the roote [...]

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “Here Bygynneth the Book of the Tales of Caunt́burẏ”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 2, recto:

When April, with its sweet showers, / has pierced the drought of March to the root, …

The height was greene with herbes and flowrets ſout, [...].

1600, [Torquato Tasso], “The Fifteenth Booke of Godfrey of Bulloigne”, in Edward Fairefax [i.e., Edward Fairfax], transl., Godfrey of Bulloigne, or The Recouerie of Ierusalem. […], London: […] Ar[nold] Hatfield, for I[saac] Iaggard and M[atthew] Lownes, →OCLC, stanza 46, page 276:


percen

enm-verb

percen (third-person singular simple present perceth, present participle percende, percynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle perced)

perceth (present singular third-person)
percende (participle present)
percynge (participle present)
perced (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)


forcrempen

forcrempen (third-person singular simple present forcrempeth, present participle forcrempende, forcrempynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle forcremped)

forcrempeth (present singular third-person)
forcrempende (participle present)
forcrempynge (participle present)
forcremped (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)

From for- + *crempen (“to crimp, curl”), from Old English ġecrympan (“to curl”). Cognate with Middle High German verkrempfen.

(intransitive) To contract; cramp oneself up.


ayry

English: airy

Yola: iree


syh

first/third-person singular past indicative of seen


pestel

English: pestle

Borrowed from Old French pestel, from Latin pistillum.

A pestle (tool for crushing or pounding)


beche

English: beech

Scots: beech

From Old English bēċe, from Proto-West Germanic *bōkijā.


oth

English: oath

Scots: aith

Yola: oathès (plural)

From Old English āþ, from Proto-West Germanic *aiþ, from Proto-Germanic *aiþaz (“oath”).


perer

From Old French perier, from Vulgar Latin *pirarius; equivalent to pere (“pear”) + -er.


patene

English: patten

Scots: patene, patin

From Old French patene, from Medieval Latin patena, variant of patina, from Ancient Greek πατάνη (patánē).


wombed

English: wombed

(Late Middle English) Possessing a stomach.

(in compounds with other adjective) Having a stomach with the respective qualiry.


halde

(chiefly Northern) Alternative form of holden


paunce

English: paunce

From Old French pance, from Latin panticem, accusative of pantex. Doublet of paunche.


forgraith

forgraith (third-person singular simple present forgraitheth, present participle forgraithende, forgraithynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle forgraithed)

forgraitheth (present singular third-person)
forgraithende (participle present)
forgraithynge (participle present)
forgraithed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)


mithen

mithen (third-person singular simple present mitheth, present participle mithende, mithynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle mithed)

mitheth (present singular third-person)
mithende (participle present)
mithynge (participle present)
mithed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
mithen (infinitive)
to mithen (infinitive)
mithe (infinitive)
mithe (first-person present singular)
mithed (first-person past singular)
mithest (present second-person singular)
mithedest (past second-person singular)
mitheth (present singular third-person)
mithed (past singular third-person)
mithe (present singular subjunctive)
mithed (past singular subjunctive)
mithe (imperative present singular)
mithen (plural present)
mithe (plural present)
mitheden (past plural)
mithede (past plural)
mitheth (imperative plural present)
mithe (imperative plural present)
mithynge (participle present)
mithende (participle present)
mithed (participle past)
ymithed (participle past)

From Old English mīþan (“to hide, conceal; keep to oneself, dissemble; conceal oneself, remain concealed; avoid, shun, refrain from”). Cognate with Dutch mijden (“to avoid, evade”), German meiden (“to avoid, shun, forbear”).

cog

ca 1300, Cursor Mundi, line 10942

Þof þat þai mournand were, Þai mithed it mikel wit þair chere ("Though they were mouning, they hid it much with their cheer". See also this version.)

(transitive) To conceal; dissemble (feelings, etc.).

(intransitive) To remain concealed; escape notice


revelous

A wyf he hadde of excellent beautee; / And compaignable and revelous was she.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Shypmans Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:

Fond of festivity; given to merrymaking or revel.


slombry

thanne wexeth he slough and slombry and soone wol be wrooth […]

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “(please specify the story)”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:


opposit

Procede in the same litel cercle to ward lettere E opposit to D.

contrary or opposed in location or direction; on the opposite side from


opposit

The opposit of the south lyne is the north.

c. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, Treatise on the Astrolabe:


lymon

English: lemon

Scots: leemon

From Old French lymon, from Arabic لَيْمُون (laymūn), from Persian لیمو (limu).


heora

(chiefly Early Middle English and West Midland) Alternative form of here (“their”)


fiaunce

1485, Sir Thomas Malory, Le Morte d'Arthur, printed by William Caxton, page a iii (leaf 20 recto)

And whan syre Ector was come, he made fyaũce to the kyng for to nourisshe the child lyke as the Kynge desyred


schour

English: shower

Scots: shour, shouer, shoor, shooer

Inherited from Old English sċūr, from Proto-West Germanic *skūru, from Proto-Germanic *skūrō.

Whan that Auerill wᵗ his shoures soote / The droghte of march hath ꝑced to the roote / And bathed euery veyne in swich lycour / Of which v̄tu engendred is the flour[…]

When that April, with its sweet showers / Has pierced March's drought to the root / And bathed every vein in fluid such that / with its power, the flower is made […]

Rainfall, precipitation (falling waterdrops)

(poetic) An attack or assault (whether physical, emotional, or rhetorical)

(poetic, by extension) A battle; a military conflict.

(poetic, rare) A flow or stream of liquid.

(poetic, rare) A profusion of blessings.


gowne

English: gown (see there for further descendants)

Scots: goun

→ Middle Welsh: gŵn

Welsh: gŵn

(specifically) A robe as a mark of office.


baviere

English: bevor, bever, beaver


balu

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of bale (“evil”)


-ele

Alternative form of -el (diminutive suffix)


gladen

14th c, unknown translator, The Book of Canticles, transcription in 1836, Adam Clarke (editor), The Holy Bible: With a Commentary and Critical Notes, Volume 2, page 506,
We schul ful out joyen and gladen in thee, myndful of the tetis upon wyn, rigtmen loven thee.

And to Pandare he held up bothe his hondes, / And seyde, 'Lord, al thyne be that I have, For I am hool, al brosten been my bondes: / A thousand Troians who so that me yave, / Eche after other, god so wis me save, / Ne mighte me so gladen; lo myn herte, / It spredeth so for loye, it wol to-sterte!

c. 1380s, Geoffrey Chaucer, Troilus and Criseyde, published 2004, page 67:


fulcomen

From Old English fullcuman (“to attain”). Cognate with German vollkommen (“perfected, perfect”).

An other spere that he [Jason] had taken of his esquyer for to fulcome his emprise, [...]


sithen

English: sithen; syne

Scots: syne (via shortened northern form sin)


nauger

English: auger

From Old English nafugār, from Proto-West Germanic *nabugaiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *nabōgaizaz; equivalent to nave (“hub of a wheel”) + gor (“spear”).
Cognate with Old Saxon navugēr, Old High German nabagēr, Old Norse nafarr. Forms without initial n- are due to reanalysis of a nauger as an auger.

University of Michigan
w:University of Michigan


ospray

English: osprey


sowdan

The sowdan comth him-self sone after this
So royally, that wonder is to telle,

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Man of Law's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 407-409

The Sultan comes himself soon after this
So royally that it is a wonder to tell,
And welcomes her with all joy and bliss.

And welcometh hir with alle Ioye and blis.


sauterie

English: psaltery

Borrowed from Old French sauterie, salterie, borrowed from Late Latin psaltērium, from Ancient Greek ψαλτήριον (psaltḗrion). Doublet of sauter.

string instrument
string instrument#English

A psaltery (lute-like string instrument)

(rare) The Biblical book of Psalms; the section of the Bible containing psalms.


dagon

'Yeve us a busshel whete, malt, or reye,
A goddes kechil, or a trip of chese,
Or elles what yow list, we may nat chese;
A goddes halfpeny or a masse-peny,
Or yeve us of your brawn, if ye have eny;

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, "The Somnour's Tale", in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; Rev. Walter W. Skeat, editor, The Complete Works of Geoffrey Chaucer, Vol. 4, Second Edition, Oxford at the Clarendon Press: Humphrey Milford, 1900, →OCLC, lines 1746–1753 (38–45)

Our suster dere, lo! here I write your name;
Bacon or beef, or swich thing as ye finde.'
"Give us a bushel of wheat, malt or rye, or a God's cake, or some cheese—whatever you like, we leave it up to you. A God's halfpenny or mass-penny, or a piece of meat, if you have any; A scrap of your blanket, my dear lady, our sister dear, look! I write your name here: Bacon or beef, or any such thing you find."

A slip or piece; a scrap, particularly of cloth


generacioun

English: generation

c. 1380, Bible (John Wycliffe version), Matthew 1:1

The book of the generacioun of Jhesu Crist, the sone of Dauid, the sone of Abraham.

generation (collectively the body of people who are of the same genealogical rank or remove from an ancestor; the mass of beings living at one time)


faie

English: fey, fae, fay

Borrowed from Middle French feie, fee, from Old French fae, from Vulgar Latin Fāta.

Magical, enchanted, or otherworldly; fey or fae.


faie

English: fey, fae, fay

(rare) Something which is magical, enchanted, or otherworldly.


faie

Alternative form of fey (“marked for death”)


serviable

Borrowed from Middle French serviable; equivalent to serven + -able.


wery

English: weary

Yola: weery

From Old English wēriġ, from Proto-Germanic *wōrīgaz.


Atenes

Þire athils of Atenes þir augard [?read: angard] clerkis.


blomes

From blome (“bloom”) + -es (“plural suffix”).


blomes

From blome (“chunk of iron”) + -es (“plural suffix”).


wurt

Alternative form of wort (“brewing wort”)


Sclave

English: Slav

Borrowed from Late Latin Sclavus̄ (“Slav”), from Byzantine Greek Σκλάβος (Sklábos). Doublet of sclave.


surement

English: surement

From Old French seürement; equivalent to sure + -ment.

Euery surement and euery bond.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Frankeleyns Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:


chantor

Alternative form of chauntour (“enchanter”)


wathe

From Old English wāþ and Old Norse veiðr.


yë

[...] And smale fowles maken melodye,
That slepen al the night with open yë, [...]

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, General Prologue, The Canterbury Tales, line 9-10

… And small fowls make melody,
Those that sleep all the night with open eyes, …


clusen

enm-verb

clusen (third-person singular simple present cluseth, present participle clusende, clusynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle clused)

cluseth (present singular third-person)
clusende (participle present)
clusynge (participle present)
clused (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)

From Old English clȳsan (“to close, shut”) or Old English beclȳsan (“to close in, to shut in, to inclose, to shut”), from Proto-Germanic *klūsijaną (“to close, shut in”).

der

Wel heo clusden heore ȝeten & ȝareweden heom to fehten — Layamon Brut, C1275


pomely

From Old French pomelé. Compare Modern English pome and French pommelé.

That was al pomely grey and highte scot

Chaucer, Canterbury Tales, General Prologue

His hakeney that was al pomely grys

Chaucer, Canterbury Tales, Canon's Yeoman's Tale


derne

English: dern, dearn, darn

Scots: dern, darn

For derne love of thee, lemman, I spill.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Myllers Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:


eyre

Alternative form of eere (“ear of grain”)


Caxton

English: Caxton

Possibly from Caxton, Cambridgeshire, from Old English Caustone (Domesday Book, 1086), from Cah (name of an Anglo-Saxon settler), Kakkr (Scandinavian personal name), or ker (“umbelliferous plants”) + tūn.

Here endeth the book named the dictes or sayengis of the philosophres enprynted. by me william Caxton at westmestre the yere of our lord .M.CCCC.Lxx vij.

1477, William Caxton, “Et sic est finis”, in The Dictes or Sayengis of the Philosophres, Westminster, London: William Caxton, folio 74, recto:


eccho

English: echo

Scots: echo

Borrowed from Medieval Latin ecco, from Latin echo, from Ancient Greek ἠχώ (ēkhṓ), from ἠχή (ēkhḗ, “sound”).

A favourable response made to flatter someone.


th-

the (written with elision before a vowel)


stith

English: stith (dialectal)

Scots: styth

Inherited from Old English stīþ, from Proto-West Germanic *stinþ, from Proto-Germanic *stinþaz.

Mighty, flourishing, profuse; indicative of wealth.

Severe, intense, powerful; having intensity.

Merciless, unforgiving; showing no quarter.


stith

English: stith (obsolete)

Borrowed from Old Norse steði, *steð; the vocalism in /i/ may be due to influence from smyth and smythy. Doublet of stithy.


stonen

English: stonen

From earlier stenen, from Old English stǣnen, from Proto-West Germanic *stainīn, Proto-Germanic *stainīnaz. Equivalent to ston + -en (“made of”).


stonen

stonen (infinitive)
to stonen (infinitive)
stone (infinitive)
stone (first-person present singular)
stoned (first-person past singular)
stonest (present second-person singular)
stonedest (past second-person singular)
stoneth (present singular third-person)
stoned (past singular third-person)
stone (present singular subjunctive)
stoned (past singular subjunctive)
stone (imperative present singular)
stonen (plural present)
stone (plural present)
stoneden (past plural)
stonede (past plural)
stoneth (imperative plural present)
stone (imperative plural present)
stonynge (participle present)
stonende (participle present)
stoned (participle past)
ystoned (participle past)

English: stone

Scots: stane, steen

(transitive, intransitive) To throw stones.

(transitive) To stone, execute using stones.

(intransitive) To remove or eliminate stones or rocks.


spangel

English: spangle

Fingallian: spanciald (adj.)

From spang (“a small piece of ornamental metal; a spangle; a small ornament; a bowl or cup”), equivalent to spang + -el (agentive suffix).

A litell cheyne of gold wyth a perle hangyng therby and ij spangell of gold.

small piece of ornamental metal, spangle; a small ornament


-il

Alternative form of -el (“agentive suffix”)


whelke

Ne oynement that wolde clense and byte, / That hym myghte helpen of his whelkes white.


frenge

English: fringe

Scots: freenge

From Old French frenge, from Vulgar Latin *frimbia, from Late Latin fimbria, a singular back-formed from fimbriae.

fringe (as part of clothing or as length for use on clothing)


lufsum

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of lovesom


abrest

English: abreast

Scots: abreist

Owt they Comen Al On Abrest.

The History of the Holy Grail, Henry Lovelich, 1450


sarre

Alternative form of sore (“harmfully, very”)


skleren

enm-verb

skleren (third-person singular simple present sklereth, present participle sklerende, sklerynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle sklered)

sklereth (present singular third-person)
sklerende (participle present)
sklerynge (participle present)
sklered (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)

From sklere (“a veil, headdress; a cloak or an overgarment”).

With fayre honyed wordes heretykes and mis-meninge people skleren and wimplen their errours.


wimplen

wimplen (third-person singular simple present wimpleth, present participle wimplende, wimplynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle wimpled)

wimpleth (present singular third-person)
wimplende (participle present)
wimplynge (participle present)
wimpled (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
wimplen (infinitive)
to wimplen (infinitive)
wimple (infinitive)
wimple (first-person present singular)
wimpled (first-person past singular)
wimplest (present second-person singular)
wimpledest (past second-person singular)
wimpleth (present singular third-person)
wimpled (past singular third-person)
wimple (present singular subjunctive)
wimpled (past singular subjunctive)
wimple (imperative present singular)
wimplen (plural present)
wimple (plural present)
wimpleden (past plural)
wimplede (past plural)
wimpleth (imperative plural present)
wimple (imperative plural present)
wimplynge (participle present)
wimplende (participle present)
wimpled (participle past)
ywimpled (participle past)

English: wimple

From wympel (“a veil, cover, hood”) + -en (infinitival suffix); compare Middle Dutch wimpelen.

af

To conceal (especially with a headcovering or wimple)

Rea entred into relegioun, For to be wympled in that hooli hous Sacred to Vesta ... duryng al hir liff. — Fall of Princes, John Lydgate, c1439

(rare) To enter into a ritual involving the wimple being put upon oneself.

Take soft lynnen cloth & wrape and wymple it togeder and lay it ouer þe wound

(rare) To bend or wrap over itself; to cover while folding.


aspe

English: asp (aspen)

Scots: esp

Inherited from Old English æspe, from Proto-West Germanic *aspu, from Proto-Germanic *aspō.


aspe

English: asp

Scots: aisp

Borrowed from Old French aspe, from Latin aspis. Doublet of aspide, from Latin oblique forms.


contubernial

Humble folk ben Christes friends: they ben contubernial with the Lord, thy King.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Parsons Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:


graning

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of gronynge


quysen

enm-verb

quysen (third-person singular simple present quyseth, present participle quysende, quysynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle quysed)

quyseth (present singular third-person)
quysende (participle present)
quysynge (participle present)
quysed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)

From Old English cwȳsan (“to quash, squeeze, crush dash against, bruise”).

inh

Þen þou schalt ... make a good sclitte [in the abscess] & ... quyse it with þi fyngrus al þe while þat þer wol renne out eny quyter.