agryse

Þe kinges herte of pitee gan agryse, / Whan he sauȝ so benigne a creature.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Man of Lawes Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:


Frea

c. 1200, Layamon's Brut, MS. Cott. Otho, C. XIII. line 6946

she is named Frea (Translation by Sir Frederick Madden)

(Early Middle English) a female given name, the Goddess Frigg


blasfemyng

English: blaspheming


blameworþy

blame worthy
blame worthy#Middle_English


blameles

English: blameless


blasfemour

English: blasphemer

From Old French blasfemeor; equivalent to blasfemen + -our, but sometimes remodelled as blasfemen + -er.


blame worthy

English: blameworthy


blamyng

English: blaming


blasfemye

English: blasphemy

From Old French blasfemie, blasfeme, from Ecclesiastical Latin blasphēmia, from Ancient Greek βλασφημία (blasphēmía); equivalent to blasfemen + -ie.


bleten

bleten (infinitive)
to bleten (infinitive)
blete (infinitive)
blete (first-person present singular)
bleted (first-person past singular)
bletest (present second-person singular)
bletedest (past second-person singular)
bleteth (present singular third-person)
bleted (past singular third-person)
blete (present singular subjunctive)
bleted (past singular subjunctive)
blete (imperative present singular)
bleten (plural present)
blete (plural present)
bleteden (past plural)
bletede (past plural)
bleteth (imperative plural present)
blete (imperative plural present)
bletynge (participle present)
bletende (participle present)
bleted (participle past)
ybleted (participle past)

English: bleat

Scots: blete, bleit, blate, blait

⇒ Scots: blaitand (present participle)

→ English: blatant

From Old English blǣtan, from Proto-West Germanic *blātijan, from Proto-Germanic *blētijaną.


blamen

enm-verb

blamen (third-person singular simple present blameth, present participle blamende, blamynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle blamed)

blameth (present singular third-person)
blamende (participle present)
blamynge (participle present)
blamed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
blamen (infinitive)
to blamen (infinitive)
blame (infinitive)
blame (first-person present singular)
blamed (first-person past singular)
blamest (present second-person singular)
blamedest (past second-person singular)
blameth (present singular third-person)
blamed (past singular third-person)
blame (present singular subjunctive)
blamed (past singular subjunctive)
blame (imperative present singular)
blamen (plural present)
blame (plural present)
blameden (past plural)
blamede (past plural)
blameth (imperative plural present)
blame (imperative plural present)
blamynge (participle present)
blamende (participle present)
blamed (participle past)
yblamed (participle past)

English: blame

Scots: blame

Borrowed from Old French blasmer, from Late Latin blastēmāre (variant of blasphēmāre). Doublet of blasfemen.


rudnen

rudnen (third-person singular simple present rudneth, present participle rudnende, rudnynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle rudned)

rudneth (present singular third-person)
rudnende (participle present)
rudnynge (participle present)
rudned (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
rudnen (infinitive)
to rudnen (infinitive)
rudne (first-person present singular)
rudned (first-person past singular)
rudnest (present second-person singular)
rudnedest (past second-person singular)
rudneth (present singular third-person)
rudned (past singular third-person)
rudne (present singular subjunctive)
rudned (past singular subjunctive)
rudne (imperative present singular)
rudnen (plural present)
rudne (plural present)
rudneden (past plural)
rudnede (past plural)
rudneth (imperative plural present)
rudne (imperative plural present)
rudnynge (participle present)
rudnende (participle present)
rudned (participle past)
yrudned (participle past)

Likely borrowed from Old Norse roðna (“to become red; redden”), from roða + -na; ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”). Compare ruden.

bor+

(rare) To become flushed from emotion; to redden.


payenie

Borrowed from Old French paienie; equivalent to payen + -ie; compare paynym.


wliti

From Old English wlitiġ, from Proto-West Germanic *wlitīg; equivalent to wlite + -y.


abataylment

Alternative form of batilment (“battlement”)


langore

English: languor

and Iḣc ȝede aboute al galilee techynge in þe ſynagogıs of hem · ⁊ pꝛechynge þe goſpel of þe kyngdom ⁊ heelynge eùy langoꝛe ⁊ ech ſıkeneſſe among þe puple / and hıs fame .· wente in to al ſirie / ⁊ þei bꝛouȝten to hĩ alle þat weren at male eeſe · ⁊ þat weren take wiþ dyīiſe langoꝛes ⁊ turmentis / and hem þat haddẽ fendis · ⁊ lunatik men · ⁊ men in þe paleſie .· ⁊ he heelide hem /

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 4:23–24, page 1v, column 1, lines 13–23; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

And Jesus went about all Galilee, teaching in the synagogues of them, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing every languor and each sickness among the people. / And his fame went into all Syria; and they brought to him all that were at mal-ease, and that were taken with diverse languors and torments, and them that had fiends, and lunatic men, and men in palsy, and he healed them.https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+4%3A23-24&version=WYC


ifel

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of yvel (“evil”)


ufelnes

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of yvelnesse


yvel doer

English: evildoer


ifell wille

(Ormulum) Alternative form of yvel wille


yvel wille

The state of being hostile or having ill intent.


uvelien

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of yvelen


yvelen

yvelen (infinitive)
to yvelen (infinitive)
yvele (infinitive)
yvele (first-person present singular)
yveled (first-person past singular)
yvelest (present second-person singular)
yveledest (past second-person singular)
yveleth (present singular third-person)
yveled (past singular third-person)
yvele (present singular subjunctive)
yveled (past singular subjunctive)
yvele (imperative present singular)
yvelen (plural present)
yvele (plural present)
yveleden (past plural)
yvelede (past plural)
yveleth (imperative plural present)
yvele (imperative plural present)
yvelynge (participle present)
yvelende (participle present)
yveled (participle past)
yyveled (participle past)

From Old English yfelian; equivalent to yvel + -en (infinitival suffix).


verveyne

English: vervain

From Old French verveine, from Latin verbēna.

Verbena officinalis
Verbena officinalis#Translingual

vervain (Verbena officinalis or a relative, often used in cuisine or medicine)


yvelnesse

English: evilness

Inherited from Old English yfelnyss; equivalent to yvel + -nesse.


ymagerie

English: imagery

From Middle French imagerie; equivalent to ymage + -erie.

A sculpture (a piece of three-dimensional art)


ymageour

English: imager

From Old French imageor; equivalent to ymage + -our.

One who images or forms likenesses; an imager.

(historical) The standard-bearer of a Roman army.


ymaginable

English: imaginable

From Latin imāginābilis; equivalent to ymagynen + -able.


ymagynynge

English: imagining


ymaginacioun

English: imagination

From Old French imaginacion, ymaginacion, from Latin imāginātiō; equivalent to ymagynen + -acioun.

The ability to perceive images in the mind; visualisation:

The ability to create mental images; imagination.

The construction of false mental images; fantasizing

(rare) A false mental image; an illusion or hallucination.

Cleverness, craft, creativity; mental acuity or its use:

Plotting, contriving, scheming; the making of a (devious) plan.

Falsification, fraud, deceit; the use of lies.

A notion; something held or thought in the mind:

(rare) A belief or viewpoint; something supposed.

(rare) A device, artifice, or contrivance.


ymagynatif

English: imaginative

From Middle French imaginatif, from Medieval Latin imāginātīvus; equivalent to ymagynen + -atyf.


ymagynatif

The region of the brain responsible for mental imagery.

The ability to generate images in the mind; imagination.


ymagynen

ymagynen (infinitive)
to ymagynen (infinitive)
ymagyne (infinitive)
ymagyne (first-person present singular)
ymagyned (first-person past singular)
ymagynest (present second-person singular)
ymagynedest (past second-person singular)
ymagyneth (present singular third-person)
ymagyned (past singular third-person)
ymagyne (present singular subjunctive)
ymagyned (past singular subjunctive)
ymagyne (imperative present singular)
ymagynen (plural present)
ymagyne (plural present)
ymagyneden (past plural)
ymagynede (past plural)
ymagyneth (imperative plural present)
ymagyne (imperative plural present)
ymagynynge (participle present)
ymagynende (participle present)
ymagyned (participle past)

English: imagine

Scots: imaigine

From Middle French imaginer, from Latin imāginor; compare ymage.

to imagine or depict; to formulate a mental image.

to believe; to form a belief:
to assume; to make an assumption.

to believe; to form a belief:
to believe wrongly or fancifully.

to believe; to form a belief:
to posit; to form a postulate.

to think about; to consider (a situation)


munen

Alternative form of monen (“to remember”)


furmente

desc

English: frumenty, fermenty, firmity, fromenty, frumerty, furmenty, furmety, furmity

From Old French fourmenté; equivalent to furment + -e (participial suffix).

Family MS. of the Cunliffes. Quoted by Letitia Elizabeth Landon in the note to her poem, Christmas in the Olden Time, 1650. (1835): 'Their entertainment was, a large hall of curious ashler work, a long table, plenty of furmenty like new milk, in a morning, made of husked wheat, boiled and roasted beef, with a fat goose, and a pudding, with plenty of good beer for dinner.'


friþian

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of frithen


bosten

bosten (infinitive)
to bosten (infinitive)
boste (infinitive)
boste (first-person present singular)
bosted (first-person past singular)
bostest (present second-person singular)
bostedest (past second-person singular)
bosteth (present singular third-person)
bosted (past singular third-person)
boste (present singular subjunctive)
bosted (past singular subjunctive)
boste (imperative present singular)
bosten (plural present)
boste (plural present)
bosteden (past plural)
bostede (past plural)
bosteth (imperative plural present)
boste (imperative plural present)
bostynge (participle present)
bostende (participle present)
bosted (participle past)
ybosted (participle past)

English: boast

From bost (“boast, glory, noise, arrogance, presumption, pride, vanity”), probably of North Germanic origin, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *bausuz (“inflated, swollen, puffed up, proud, arrogant, bad”). For more see boast.


dubler

English: doubler (dialectal)

From Old French doblier, from Latin duplārium; compare double.


æfest

Alternative form of evest: envy, malice.


stoute

English: stout

Scots: stout, stoot

Yola: steout

Borrowed from Old French estout, from earlier Old French estolt (“strong”).


tygre

English: tiger (see there for further descendants)

Scots: teeger

From Anglo-Norman tigre and Old English tigras (pl.), from Latin tigris, from Ancient Greek τίγρις (tígris), from an Iranian language.

Panthera tigris
Panthera tigris#Translingual

(figurative) A dangerous or ferocious individual.


drane

English: drone

Scots: dron

From the oblique cases of Old English drān, dran, from Proto-West Germanic *drānu, from Proto-Germanic *drēnuz.


Judewisshe

inflection of Judewissh:
strong/weak plural


Jewesse

English: Jewess (dated)

From Old French juiesse; equivalent to Jew + -esse.


Judewissh

head

Judewissh (plural and weak singular Judewisshe)

Judewisshe (plural)
Judewisshe (singular weak)


iudeisc

From Old English Iūdēisċ; equivalent to Jude + -yssh.


Judew

From Latin iūdaeus, from Ancient Greek Ἰουδαῖος (Ioudaîos), from Hebrew יְהוּדִי (y'hudí); Doublet of Jew.


Jewery

English: Jewry

From Old French juerie; equivalent to Jew + -erie.

Judah (southern region of the Holy Land)


elycampane

elena campana
elena campana#Middle_English


horsscho

English: horseshoe


horsbak

English: horseback

(with on, upon, etc.) horseback (a horse's back)


horshelne

English: horseheal

From Old English horselene, from hors and elene. Some forms are influenced by helen (“to heal”).


elena campana

English: elecampane

Scots: alacampine

From a confusion of Latin enula campana and helenium.


horstaile

English: horsetail


hors her

English: horsehair


horsmynte

English: horsemint

From Old English horsminte; equivalent to hors + mynte.

Mentha longifolia
Wikispecies:Mentha longifolia

horsemint (Mentha longifolia) or a similar wild mint.


enula

From enula, Medieval Latin variant of Latin inula; compare modern English inula.


horscomb

desc

English: horse-comb, horsecomb, horse comb

From Old English horscamb; equivalent to hors + comb.

curry comb, horse-comb (comb for brushing horses)


mynute

English: minute
Tok Pisin: minit

Scots: meenit

From Old French minute, from Medieval Latin minūta. Compare menuse.

minute (sixtieth of an hour or similar period)

(rare) An alternative version of a document.


vert sauce

From vert + sauce. Compare vergeous, which some forms are influenced by.

A kind of green-coloured sauce incorporating wine and herbs.


jussel

From Old French jussel, from Latin iuscellum; compare jus.

A kind of hotchpotch, often incorporating eggs, and/or breadcrumbs mixed with broth.


vergeous

English: verjuice

From Old French verjus; equivalent to vert + jus. Compare vert sauce.

verjuice (often used as sauce or medicine)


myntte

Alternative form of mynt (“mint (money)”)


munet

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of mynt (“mint (money)”)


myneter

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of mynter


parchemyn

English: parchment

Scots: pairchment

From Old French parchemin, from Vulgar Latin *pergamīnus, from Ancient Greek Περγαμηνός (Pergamēnós).


orpyment

English: orpiment

From Old French orpiment, from Latin auripigmentum.

orpiment (as used in alchemy and medicine)


persely

English: parsley

Scots: persel

→ Welsh: persli

From Old French peresil, from Latin petroselīnum, from Ancient Greek πετροσέλῑνον (petrosélīnon).

der

πετροσέλῑνον

Of many a pilgrim hastow Cristes curs,
For of thy persly yet they fare the wors,
That they han eten with thy stubbel-goos;

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Cook's Prologue, The Canterbury Tales, line 4349-4352

Of many a pilgrim hast thou Christ's curse,
For of thy parsley yet they fare the worse,
Which they have eaten with thy stubble-fed goose;
For in thy shop is many a fly loose.

Petroselinum crispum
Petroselinum crispum#Translingual

parsley (Petroselinum crispum) or a similar plant.


soppe

English: sop

Yola: zap

From Old English sopa, from Proto-Germanic *supô.


patynmaker

English: pattenmaker


patyner

English: pattener

Borrowed from Middle French patinier; equivalent to patyn + -er.


patyn

English: patten


lettre patent

lettres patentes
lettres patentes#Middle_English


pater nosters

pater noster
pater noster#Middle_English


lettres patentes

q

archaic <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">letters patents</i>

English: letters patent (archaic letters patents)

From the plural of Anglo-Norman lettre patente (“open letter”), from Latin littera patens.

bor

A letter or letters conferring a privilege or status; letters patent.


pater noster

enm-noun

pater noster (plural pater nosters or pater noster)

pater nosters (plural)
pater noster (plural)

English: paternoster

From Old English Paternoster, from Latin Pater noster.

A stringed set of prayer beads; a rosary.

(rare) A demarcated prayer bead (indicating that it is the time to begin the Lord's Prayer)


warenner

English: warrener

From Anglo-Norman warennier, variant of garennier, from garenne.


money worþe

moneye worth
moneye worth#Middle_English


monymaker

English: moneymaker

A currency exchanger; one who changes money.

A minter or moneyer; one who makes money.

One who counterfeits; a forger of money.


moneyen

moneyen (infinitive)
to moneyen (infinitive)
moneye (infinitive)
moneye (first-person present singular)
moneyed (first-person past singular)
moneyest (present second-person singular)
moneyedest (past second-person singular)
moneyeth (present singular third-person)
moneyed (past singular third-person)
moneye (present singular subjunctive)
moneyed (past singular subjunctive)
moneye (imperative present singular)
moneyen (plural present)
moneye (plural present)
moneyeden (past plural)
moneyede (past plural)
moneyeth (imperative plural present)
moneye (imperative plural present)
moneyynge (participle present)
moneyende (participle present)
moneyed (participle past)
ymoneyed (participle past)


moneyour

English: moneyer

From money + -our; reinforced by Anglo-Norman monoiier, monneiere, monnier.

One who deals in money; one who works in finance.


amenuseth

third-person singular present indicative of amenusen


drawen alengthe

As he þat drowe toward his endynge,
And myȝt nat lenger drawe alengþe

13th c., Guido delle Colonne, Historia destructionis Troiae, Book II, ln. 7389-91

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

14th c. Geoffrey Chaucer, Troilus and Criseyde. Book II, 260-3.
'And sithe th'ende is every tales strengthe,
And this matere is so bihovely,
What shoulde I peynte or drawen it on lengthe

(idiomatic) To prolong (especially a life)


apayede

15th c., Robert Thornton, Lincoln Manuscript A., i. 17, f. 119.
In herte I wolde be wele apayede,
Myghte we do that dede.


apeiren

enm-verb

apeiren (third-person singular simple present apeireth, present participle apeirende, apeirynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle apeired)

apeireth (present singular third-person)
apeirende (participle present)
apeirynge (participle present)
apeired (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)

From Old French empeirier, empoirier, from Late Latin peiōrō.

14th c., Geoffrey Chaucer, Trolius and Criseyde, 2.329

What mende ye, though that we booth appaire?
(please add an English translation of this quotation)


apayed

first/third-person singular past indicative of apaien


apeired

And eek for hem that falsly been apeyred
Through wikked tonges [...]

14th c., Geoffrey Chaucer, Trolius and Criseyde, 1.38


apaien

apaien (infinitive)
to apaien (infinitive)
apaie (infinitive)
apaie (first-person present singular)
apaied (first-person past singular)
apaiest (present second-person singular)
apaiedest (past second-person singular)
apaieth (present singular third-person)
apaied (past singular third-person)
apaie (present singular subjunctive)
apaied (past singular subjunctive)
apaie (imperative present singular)
apaien (plural present)
apaie (plural present)
apaieden (past plural)
apaiede (past plural)
apaieth (imperative plural present)
apaie (imperative plural present)
apaiynge (participle present)
apaiende (participle present)
apaied (participle past)
yapaied (participle past)

From Old French apaier, apayer, apaer (also Portuguese apagar (“appease”)), from Latin ad- (“to”) + pacare (“pacify”), from pax (“peace”). Equivalent to a- + paien.


aydaunt

English: aidant

Borrowed from Middle French aidant; equivalent to aide + -ant.


blechen

blechen (infinitive)
to blechen (infinitive)
bleche (infinitive)
bleche (first-person present singular)
bleched (first-person past singular)
blechest (present second-person singular)
blechedest (past second-person singular)
blecheth (present singular third-person)
bleched (past singular third-person)
bleche (present singular subjunctive)
bleched (past singular subjunctive)
bleche (imperative present singular)
blechen (plural present)
bleche (plural present)
blecheden (past plural)
blechede (past plural)
blecheth (imperative plural present)
bleche (imperative plural present)
blechynge (participle present)
blechende (participle present)
bleched (participle past)
ybleched (participle past)

English: bleach

Scots: bleche, bleitch

Yola: ee-blighte (ppl.)

/ˈblɛːt͡ʃən/

From Old English blǣċan, from Proto-West Germanic *blaikijan, from Proto-Germanic *blaikijaną.


IIIde

English: IIIrd

From III (Roman numeral representing three) and thridde.

The IIIᵈᵉ ys, that the necessite be alonly for the bretherne of the same ordre, and of none other strangers.

15th century, from Robert Cotton’s manuscript Faustina D. iv., “Appendix VII.”, in Brewer, John Sherren, editor, Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores, or Chronicles and Memorials of Great Britain and Ireland During the Middle Ages: Monumenta Franciscana, London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, and Roberts, published 1858, page 569:


IIde

English: IInd

From II (Roman numeral representing two) and secunde.

The IIᵈᵉ is, that the necessitee of the bretherne be present or ellis at hond, and nat for longe tyme to comme.[…]The IIde principalle ys, that the bretherne of ther parte owghte to kepe a certene way and forme in suche procuration, the whiche oure holy father Pope Nicholas shewithe in his declaratioun, and they be VI. in numbre.


IIIIth

English: IIIIth

From IIII (Roman numeral representing four) and ferthe.

The IIIIᵗʰ is, that when we procure eny suche payment ther be no almes, the whiche be indifferent.


wely

English: wealy (obsolete)

Inherited from Old English weliġ, weoliġ, from Proto-West Germanic *welag; equivalent to wele (“weal”) + -y.

Wealthy, rich; possessing wealth or affluence.

Strong, mighty; possessing power or strength.

Healthy, opulent, lush; possessing vigour.


cofrer

English: cofferer

From Old French coffrier; equivalent to cofre + -er.

A royal officer charged with delivering payments.


senciall

(Late Middle English) Alternative form of seneschal


senyour

English: seignior

From Old French seignor, from Latin senior. Doublet of sire.

A respectful term of address for a noble.

Ruler, potentate; one with dominion or authority.

An elder; one having authority due to their old age.


laford

Ure laford ihesu crist þe seið Sine me nichil potestis facere.

1894, Bodleian Library. Manuscript. 343; Napier, Arthur S., History of the Holy Rood-tree: a twelfth century version of the cross-legend...
Ða answærde he [sē cniht] him ⁊ cwæð; Eala laford moyses sonæ swa ic þa ȝyrdan nimæn wolde...

He [the servant] answered him and said, "Lo, lord Moses, just as I was about to grasp the rods...

(chiefly Early Middle English) Alternative form of lord


aleden

English: alead

Scots: alede

From Old English ālǣdan, from ā- + lǣdan; equivalent to a- + leden.

1894, Bodleian Library. Manuscript. 343; Napier, Arthur S., History of the Holy Rood-tree: a twelfth century version of the cross-legend...
Eala laford moyses sonæ swa ic þa ȝyrdan nimæn ⁊ hom awæȝ alæden slswa ðu me bede Ða wurdon hēo feringæ all fyrenne...

Lo, lord moses, just as I was about to grab the rods and take them away, as you commanded me to do, they became all fiery...


scheomel

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of schamel


bleteth

third-person singular present indicative of bleten


sterteth

third-person singular present indicative of sterten


lhouth

third-person singular present indicative of louen


louen

From the adjective loue (modern English low).


biginneth

third-person singular present indicative of biginnen (begin)


ichot

c. 1300, Anonymous, "Alison" (as printed in Oxford Book of English Verse, 1900)


maddok

English: maddock

Fingallian: madoge

⇒ Middle English: magot

From an unrecorded Old English form corresponding to Old Norse maðkr.


bounte

English: bounty


ichabbe

c. 1300, Anonymous, "Alison" (as printed in The Oxford Book of English Verse, 1900)


menskful

c. 1300, Anonymous, "Blow, Northern Wind" (as printed in Oxford Book of English Verse, 1900)


meneth

third-person singular present indicative of menen


atasten

From Old French ataster. By surface analysis, a- + tasten.

Þerfore if oony man of þe church or seculere persone, knowe this writyng of owre ordinaunce, will ataste to come against hit [...] [they wille] be vndur to þe streyte veniaunce in þe last dome.

c. 1460, The English Register of Oseney Abbey, 19/6:

[B]ut now is tyme þat þou drynke and ataste some softe and delitable þinges. so þat whan þei ben entred wiþ inne þe. it mow make weye to strenger drynkes of medycynes.

14th c. Chaucer (Translator), Boethius, De Consolatione Philosophiae, 30/756

But now is the time to taste some softer things, so that, when they enter into you, you will be ready for the stronger medicines.


ginnen

English: gin (archaic)

An aphetic form of aginnen and beginnen.


clowter

English: clouter


paunche

English: paunch

Scots: painch

From Old French pance, from Latin panticem, accusative of pantex. Doublet of paunce.


clouten

clouten (infinitive)
to clouten (infinitive)
cloute (infinitive)
cloute (first-person present singular)
clouted (first-person past singular)
cloutest (present second-person singular)
cloutedest (past second-person singular)
clouteth (present singular third-person)
clouted (past singular third-person)
cloute (present singular subjunctive)
clouted (past singular subjunctive)
cloute (imperative present singular)
clouten (plural present)
cloute (plural present)
clouteden (past plural)
cloutede (past plural)
clouteth (imperative plural present)
cloute (imperative plural present)
cloutynge (participle present)
cloutende (participle present)
clouted (participle past)
yclouted (participle past)

English: clout

Scots: clout, cloot

(rare) To treat or ameliorate an illness or injury.


pauncher

From Old French panchiere, variant of panciere; equivalent to paunce + -er. Compare German Panzer.


clodden

cloden (infinitive)
to cloden (infinitive)
clode (infinitive)
clode (first-person present singular)
cloded (first-person past singular)
clodest (present second-person singular)
clodedest (past second-person singular)
clodeth (present singular third-person)
cloded (past singular third-person)
clode (present singular subjunctive)
cloded (past singular subjunctive)
clode (imperative present singular)
cloden (plural present)
clode (plural present)
clodeden (past plural)
clodede (past plural)
clodeth (imperative plural present)
clode (imperative plural present)
clodynge (participle present)
clodende (participle present)
cloded (participle past)
ycloded (participle past)

English: clod

Scots: clod


pawe

English: paw

Scots: paw

Borrowed from Old French po(w)e. First documented in the early 14th century.
/au̯/ may be either dialectal or due to influence from clawe. Cf. jowe~jaue.


bileven

bileven (infinitive)
to bileven (infinitive)
bileve (infinitive)
bileve (first-person present singular)
bileved (first-person past singular)
bilevest (present second-person singular)
bilevedest (past second-person singular)
bileveth (present singular third-person)
bileved (past singular third-person)
bileve (present singular subjunctive)
bileved (past singular subjunctive)
bileve (imperative present singular)
bileven (plural present)
bileve (plural present)
bileveden (past plural)
bilevede (past plural)
bileveth (imperative plural present)
bileve (imperative plural present)
bilevynge (participle present)
bilevende (participle present)
bileved (participle past)
ybileved (participle past)

English: believe

Scots: beleve

From Old English belīefan, from Proto-West Germanic *bilaubijan, equivalent to bi- + leven.


paunter

Alternative form of panter (“noose for fowl”)


pautener

From Old French pautonier, paltonier (“rogue”), ultimately from a Germanic word meaning "patch".


pautener

English: pawtener

From Middle French pautonniere (“purse”); ultimately akin to Etymology 1.


bristel

English: bristle

From Old English bristl, *byrstel, from Proto-West Germanic *burstilu, equivalent to brist + -el (agentive suffix).


pounen

pounen (infinitive)
to pounen (infinitive)
poune (infinitive)
poune (first-person present singular)
pouned (first-person past singular)
pounest (present second-person singular)
pounedest (past second-person singular)
pouneth (present singular third-person)
pouned (past singular third-person)
poune (present singular subjunctive)
pouned (past singular subjunctive)
poune (imperative present singular)
pounen (plural present)
poune (plural present)
pouneden (past plural)
pounede (past plural)
pouneth (imperative plural present)
poune (imperative plural present)
pounynge (participle present)
pounende (participle present)
pouned (participle past)
ypouned (participle past)

English: pound, pun

From Old English pūnian, from Proto-West Germanic *pūnōną.

To pound to dust; to powder by crushing.


pown

English: pawn

Scots: poun

From Anglo-Norman poun, paun, from Late Latin pedōnem.


pown

English: pawn

Middle Scots: poun

⇒ Scots: pownie

From Old French paon, poon, from Latin pāvō, pāvōnem.


bolnen

bolnen (infinitive)
to bolnen (infinitive)
bolne (infinitive)
bolne (first-person present singular)
bolned (first-person past singular)
bolnest (present second-person singular)
bolnedest (past second-person singular)
bolneth (present singular third-person)
bolned (past singular third-person)
bolne (present singular subjunctive)
bolned (past singular subjunctive)
bolne (imperative present singular)
bolnen (plural present)
bolne (plural present)
bolneden (past plural)
bolnede (past plural)
bolneth (imperative plural present)
bolne (imperative plural present)
bolnynge (participle present)
bolnende (participle present)
bolned (participle past)
ybolned (participle past)

English: boln


goodschipe

And for the goodschipe of this dede
 Thei granten him a lusti mede

c. 1386–1390, John Gower, edited by Reinhold Pauli, Confessio Amantis of John Gower: Edited and Collated with the Best Manuscripts, volume (please specify |volume=I, II, or III), London: Bell and Daldy […], published 1857, →OCLC:


stacioun

desctree

English: station
→ Hindi: स्टेशन (sṭeśan)
→ Irish: stáisiún
→ Malay: stesen
→ Punjabi: سٹیشن/ਸਟੇਸ਼ਨ (sṭeśan)
→ Scottish Gaelic: stèisean
→ Swahili: stesheni
→ Urdu: سْٹیشَن (sṭeśan), اِسْٹیشَن (isṭeśan)

Scots: station

From Anglo-Norman estation, from Latin statiōnem, accusative of statiō (“outpost”).

One's station; one's normal place of occupation.

The place where something is set or implanted.

(astronomy) The (seeming) fixedness of a planet or the Sun.

(rare) One of a set of locations which (people, things) rotate around; a stop.


cofeffe

From Anglo-Norman. Equivalent to co- + feffe.

The ijᵈᵉ cause ys the seid Sir William Fovent overlyved the seyd John Osborne, the fader, his cofeffe, in which case, yf eny tytell shold have be, hit shold have be in the seyd Sir William Fovent and in his heyrys, and nat in the heyrys of the seid John Osborne, the fader[…]

a. 1488, Thomas Tropenellhttps://books.google.com/books?id=va4uAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA67


hwes

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of whos (“whose”, genitive)


bachelrie

English: bachelry

(countable) a group of knights or squires

14th c. Geoffrey Chaucer, Canterbury Tales, Hengwrt Manuscript. The Manciples Tale, folio 109a [p. 580] l. 125-6.
This Phebus þat was flour of Bachelrye
As wel in fredom as in Chiualrye


cakken

enm-verb

cakken (third-person singular simple present cakketh, present participle cakkende, cakkynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle cakked)

cakketh (present singular third-person)
cakkende (participle present)
cakkynge (participle present)
cakked (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)

According to MED Online from Latin cacāre, but see caca for a list of similar words from all the language families of western Europe.


fahenunge

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of fawnynge


foun

English: fawn

Borrowed from Old French faon, foon, feun, from Vulgar Latin *fētōnem, from Latin fētus (“offspring, progeny”).


fawnynge

English: fawning

The wagging of a dog's tail or a similar display of animal affection.

The seeking of favour by way of flattery; flattering, fawning.


fawnen

enm-verb

fawnen (third-person singular simple present fawneth, present participle fawnende, fawnynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle fawned)

fawneth (present singular third-person)
fawnende (participle present)
fawnynge (participle present)
fawned (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
fawnen (infinitive)
to fawnen (infinitive)
fawne (infinitive)
fawne (first-person present singular)
fawned (first-person past singular)
fawnest (present second-person singular)
fawnedest (past second-person singular)
fawneth (present singular third-person)
fawned (past singular third-person)
fawne (present singular subjunctive)
fawned (past singular subjunctive)
fawne (imperative present singular)
fawnen (plural present)
fawne (plural present)
fawneden (past plural)
fawnede (past plural)
fawneth (imperative plural present)
fawne (imperative plural present)
fawnynge (participle present)
fawnende (participle present)
fawned (participle past)
yfawned (participle past)

English: fawn

From Old English fagnian, fæġnian, from Proto-West Germanic *faganōn, from Proto-Germanic *faganōną.

(of animals) To express affection (e.g. a dog wagging its tail).

(of animals) To express affection towards (someone).

To fawn; to seek favour through flattery.


Spaignarde

English: Spaniard, Spaynard

The Frenche Ambassadour by hym, a Spaignarde of the howse of Mendosa...

(Can we date this quote?), State Papers Published Under the Authority of Her Majesty's Commission, volume 9, page 498:

A person from Spain or of Spanish descent.


yrchoun

English: urchin

Scots: hurcheon

From Old Northern French irechon, herichun, from Vulgar Latin *ērīciōnem.

before 1400, The Romaunt of the Rose, translated from French, partially by Geoffrey Chaucer

[…] Like sharp urchouns his here was growe, / His eyes rede as the fire-glow; […]

hedgehog (mammal of the family Erinaceidae or similar animal)

(rare, cooking) A stuffed pig with almond or pastry "spikes".


reaccion

English: reaction

(chemistry) reaction (chemical interaction resulting in one or more substances being converted into another)


hemlok

English: hemlock

Scots: hemlok, homlok, humlok, humlock

From Old English hymlīc and hymlīce; see English hemlock for more.

Conium maculatum
Conium maculatum#Translingual

hemlock (Conium maculatum and other herbaceous plants)


herwith

From Old English herwiþ, equivalent to her + with and sometimes spelled that way.


empechen

English: impeach

From Anglo-Norman empecher. More at English impeach.


moruwe

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of morwe


falwon

Alternative form of falwen (“to wither”)


valwe

Alternative form of falwen (“to make fallow”)


falwen

falwen (infinitive)
to falwen (infinitive)
falwe (infinitive)
falwe (first-person present singular)
falwed (first-person past singular)
falwest (present second-person singular)
falwedest (past second-person singular)
falweth (present singular third-person)
falwed (past singular third-person)
falwe (present singular subjunctive)
falwed (past singular subjunctive)
falwe (imperative present singular)
falwen (plural present)
falwe (plural present)
falweden (past plural)
falwede (past plural)
falweth (imperative plural present)
falwe (imperative plural present)
falwynge (participle present)
falwende (participle present)
falwed (participle past)
yfalwed (participle past)

English: fallow

Scots: fallow

From Old English fealgian, from Proto-West Germanic *falgōn.

(transitive) To make land fallow for agricultural purposes.


falwen

c. 1210 MS. Cotton Caligula A IX f.246.
Tharuore mon thu the bi-thench; / Al schal falewi thi grene;

To turn pale or white (of the face or hair).


corroden

English: corrode

From Old French corroder or possibly directly from Latin corrodere.

he haue corrodid eiþer rotid sumwhat of þe senewe


coveren

coveren (infinitive)
to coveren (infinitive)
covere (infinitive)
covere (first-person present singular)
covered (first-person past singular)
coverte (first-person past singular)
coverest (present second-person singular)
coveredest (past second-person singular)
covertest (past second-person singular)
covereth (present singular third-person)
covered (past singular third-person)
coverte (past singular third-person)
covere (present singular subjunctive)
covered (past singular subjunctive)
coverte (past singular subjunctive)
covere (imperative present singular)
coveren (plural present)
covere (plural present)
covereden (past plural)
coverede (past plural)
coverten (past plural)
coverte (past plural)
covereth (imperative plural present)
covere (imperative plural present)
coverynge (participle present)
coverende (participle present)
covered (participle past)
covert (participle past)
ycovered (participle past)
ycovert (participle past)

English: cover, kiver

Yola: kiver

Borrowed from Old French covrir, from Latin cooperīre, present active infinitive of cooperiō.


capcioun

Borrowed from Old French capcion or its etymon, Latin captiō; compare English caption.


cury

From Old French queverie, quevrie. Compare early modern French queux (“cook”).


goffen

(rare, Early Middle English) To speak in a frivolous manner.


chitte

English: chit

Scots: chit, cheet

⇒ Scots: cheetie, cheety

From Old English *ċitten, from Proto-West Germanic *kittīn, from Proto-Germanic *kittīną.


croken

croken (infinitive)
to croken (infinitive)
croke (infinitive)
croke (first-person present singular)
croked (first-person past singular)
crokest (present second-person singular)
crokedest (past second-person singular)
croketh (present singular third-person)
croked (past singular third-person)
croke (present singular subjunctive)
croked (past singular subjunctive)
croke (imperative present singular)
croken (plural present)
croke (plural present)
crokeden (past plural)
crokede (past plural)
croketh (imperative plural present)
croke (imperative plural present)
crokynge (participle present)
crokende (participle present)
croked (participle past)
ycroked (participle past)

English: crook

Scots: cruik

Yola: curk

From Old English *crōcian, from Proto-West Germanic *krōkōn; equivalent to crok + -en (infinitival suffix), ultimately from Old English *crōc (“crook, hook”).

To be bent; to curve:
To twist; to curve multiple times.

(of the body) To become crippled or distorted.

To be bent; to curve:
To become crippled or distorted.

To make bent; to crook:
To bow or genuflect.

(of the body, rare) To cripple; to disfigure.

To make bent; to crook:
To cripple; to disfigure.


Blomer

English: Bloomer

Yola: Bloomere, Bloomer


thonoure

...for the sauacion of theyr sowles as for thonoure of the body erthely

1372, Geoffroy de la Tour Landry, “Prologue”, in The booke of thenseygnementes and techynge that the Knyght of the Towre made to his doughters, published 1902, page 16:

...for the salvation of their souls as for the honour of the earthly body


forleven

forleven (third-person singular simple present forleveth, present participle forlevende, forlevynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle forlaft or forleft)

forleveth (present singular third-person)
forlevende (participle present)
forlevynge (participle present)
forlaft (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
forleft (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)


afraien

Alternative spelling of affraien (“attack; disturb; frighten”)


undressen

undressen (third-person singular simple present undresseth, present participle undressinge, first-/third-person singular past indicative undressede, past participle undressed)

undresseth (present singular third-person)
undressinge (participle present)
undressede (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
undressed (participle past)
undressen (infinitive)
to undressen (infinitive)
undresse (infinitive)
undresse (first-person present singular)
undressed (first-person past singular)
undressest (present second-person singular)
undressedest (past second-person singular)
undresseth (present singular third-person)
undressed (past singular third-person)
undresse (present singular subjunctive)
undressed (past singular subjunctive)
undresse (imperative present singular)
undressen (plural present)
undresse (plural present)
undresseden (past plural)
undressede (past plural)
undresseth (imperative plural present)
undresse (imperative plural present)
undressynge (participle present)
undressende (participle present)
undressed (participle past)

English: undress


crucifien

crucifien (third-person singular simple present crucifieth, present participle crucifiende, crucifiynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle crucified)

crucifieth (present singular third-person)
crucifiende (participle present)
crucifiynge (participle present)
crucified (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
crucifien (infinitive)
to crucifien (infinitive)
crucifie (first-person present singular)
crucified (first-person past singular)
crucifiest (present second-person singular)
crucifiedest (past second-person singular)
crucifieth (present singular third-person)
crucified (past singular third-person)
crucifie (present singular subjunctive)
crucified (past singular subjunctive)
crucifie (imperative present singular)
crucifien (plural present)
crucifie (plural present)
crucifieden (past plural)
crucifiede (past plural)
crucifieth (imperative plural present)
crucifie (imperative plural present)
crucifiynge (participle present)
crucifiende (participle present)
crucified (participle past)
ycrucified (participle past)

English: crucify

Scots: crucifee

Borrowed from Old French crucefier, from Late Latin crucificāre, from Latin crucifīgere.

To crucify (to execute by nailing on a cross)

(figurative) To torture or discipline oneself.


widwer

English: widower


conjuracioun

English: conjuration

Borrowed from Middle French conjuration, conjuracion, from Old French conjuracion, from Latin coniūrātiō; equivalent to conjuren + -acioun. Doublet of conjurisoun.


forfeture

English: forfeiture


ticchen

Alternative form of tichen (“goatling, kid”)


tichen

English: tick, titch

Yola: titch, thick, tick

From Old English tiċċen (“goatling”) from Proto-West Germanic *tikkīn; equivalent to tik- + -chen from Old English -ċen, double diminutive suffix from Proto-Germanic *-ukaz + *-īną.


clepiȝen

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of clepen


foisoun

English: foison

abundance (of food, drink, people, or animals)


accorden

accorden (third-person singular simple present accordeth, present participle accordende, accordynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle accorded)

accordeth (present singular third-person)
accordende (participle present)
accordynge (participle present)
accorded (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)

English: accord


Ysaac

English: Isaac

The book of þe generacıoū of ıhū crıſt .· þe ſone of dauıd þe ſone of abꝛaham / abꝛaham bıgat yſaac / yſaac bıgat ıacob / ıacob bıgat ıudas ⁊ hıſe bꝛıþ̇en /

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 1:1–2, page 1r, column 2, lines 1–5; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:


joinen

joinen (third-person singular simple present joineth, present participle joinende, joinynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle joined)

joineth (present singular third-person)
joinende (participle present)
joinynge (participle present)
joined (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
joinen (infinitive)
to joinen (infinitive)
joine (infinitive)
joine (first-person present singular)
joined (first-person past singular)
joinest (present second-person singular)
joinedest (past second-person singular)
joineth (present singular third-person)
joined (past singular third-person)
joine (present singular subjunctive)
joined (past singular subjunctive)
joine (imperative present singular)
joinen (plural present)
joine (plural present)
joineden (past plural)
joinede (past plural)
joineth (imperative plural present)
joine (imperative plural present)
joinynge (participle present)
joinende (participle present)
joined (participle past)
yjoined (participle past)

English: join

From Old French joindre, juindre. See join for more.

he that joineth his virgin in matrimony

c. 1382–1395, John Wycliffe [et al.], edited by Josiah Forshall and Frederic Madden, The Holy Bible, […], volume IV, Oxford: At the University Press, published 1850, →OCLC, I. Corinthians 7:38, page 351:

to join (all Early Modern English senses)


night-mare

English: nightmare

Scots: nichtmare, nichtmeer

From Old English *nihtmare, equivalent to nighte + mare.

An evil spirit attacking men or horses at night.


cuppeborde

desctree

English: cupboard
→ Chichewa: m'kabati
→ Farefare: kobɔɔtɩ
→ Gulf Arabic: كبت (kabat)
→ Luhya: likapati
→ Maori: kāpata
→ Swahili: kabati
→ Zulu: ekhabetheni

Loke Cristis copborde / & hors; & pei ben ful unlichy; for he was at þe mete where six watur pottes weren / & he was þe worþiest in þat place.

c. 1380, John Wycliffe, Of Antecrist and his Meynee; published as John Wycliffe; James Henthorn Todd, Three Treatises by John Wycklyffe, D.D. I. Of the Church and Her Members. II. Of the Apostacy of the Church. III. Of Antichrist and His Meynee. Now First Printed from a Manuscript in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, with Notes and a Glossary, by James Henthorn Todd, D.D., Dublin: Hodges and Smith, Grafton-Street, booksellers to the University, 1851, OCLC 505328367, page cl

The kyngez cope-borde / was enclose in silver, / In grete goblettez over]gylte / glorious of hewe; […]

c. 1400, the Alliterative Morte Arthure; published as James Orchard Halliwell, editor, Morte Arthure. The Alliterative Romance of the Death of King Arthur. Now First Printed from a Manuscript in Lincoln Cathedral, Brixton Hill, London: For private circulation only, 1947, OCLC 5347067, page 18


strengðden

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of strengthen


deadlich

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of dedly


atwene

English: atween

Scots: atween


gressy

English: greasy

Yola: greezee, grizee


moistnesse

English: moistness


glyffen

enm-verb

glyffen (third-person singular simple present glyffeth, present participle glyffende, first-/third-person singular past indicative glyfte, past participle glyft)

glyffeth (present singular third-person)
glyffende (participle present)
glyfte (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
glyft (participle past)
glyffen (infinitive)
to glyffen (infinitive)
glyffe (infinitive)
glyffe (first-person present singular)
glyfte (first-person past singular)
glyffest (present second-person singular)
glyftest (past second-person singular)
glyffeth (present singular third-person)
glyfte (past singular third-person)
glyffe (present singular subjunctive)
glyfte (past singular subjunctive)
glyffe (imperative present singular)
glyffen (plural present)
glyffe (plural present)
glyften (past plural)
glyfte (past plural)
glyffeth (imperative plural present)
glyffe (imperative plural present)
glyffynge (participle present)
glyffende (participle present)
glyft (participle past)
yglyft (participle past)

>? English: gliff

Unknown; possibly from multiple similar-sounding words that coalesced. Compare Dutch glippen (“slip”) (first sense), Old Norse glípna (“to be downcast”) (third sense).


squierie

English: squiry

Borrowed from Old French escuierie, esquierie; equivalent to squier + -ie.

And w[ith] a noble cumpany / Off kny[chtis] and off ſquyeꝛy[…]

c. 1375, “Book XX”, in Iohne Barbour, De geſtis bellis et uirtutibus domini Roberti de Brwyß […] (The Brus, Advocates MS. 19.2.2), Ouchtirmunſye: Iohannes Ramſay, published 1489, folio 69, verso, lines 319-320; republished at Edinburgh: National Library of Scotland, c. 2010:

And with a noble company / Of knights and of squires […]

a. 1500, The Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (The Tale of Ralph the Collier)

The King buskit him[…]with scant of squyary
(please add an English translation of this quotation)


chyvalry

So thys ſeaſon hit be felle in the moneth : of may a grete angur and vnhappy that ſtynted nat tylle þͤ floure of chyvalry of the worlde was deſtroyed and ſlayne

1470–1483 (date produced), Thom̃s Malleorre [i.e., Thomas Malory], “[Launcelot and Guinevere]”, in Le Morte Darthur (British Library Additional Manuscript 59678), [England: s.n.], folio 449, recto, lines 27–29:

So in this season, as in the month of May, it befell a great anger and unhap that stinted not till the flower of chivalry of all the world was destroyed and slain;


aslepe

English: asleep

Yola: aslepe


lunatik

English: lunatic

From Latin lūnāticus and Old French lunatique.

and hıs fame .· wente in to al ſirie / ⁊ þei bꝛouȝten to hĩ alle þat weren at male eeſe · ⁊ þat weren take wiþ dyīiſe langoꝛes ⁊ turmentis / and hem þat haddẽ fendis · ⁊ lunatik men · ⁊ men in þe paleſie .· ⁊ he heelide hem /

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 4:24, page 1v, column 1, lines 18–23; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

And his fame went into all Syria; and they brought to him all that were at mal-ease, and that were taken with diverse languors and torments, and them that had fiends, and lunatic men, and men in palsy, and he healed them.https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+4%3A24&version=WYC

suffering from madness (believed to be) due to varying lunar phases

Ther [women’s] sect ys no thing lunatyke, / Nor of kynde they be nat lyke / To no monys that be wane, […]

c. 1450 (?c. 1408), Lydgate’s Reson and Sensuallyte, […] for the Early English Text Society by Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., Limited, […], published 1901, page 162:


lunatik

English: lunatic

Þanne loked vp a lunatik · a lene þing with-alle, […]

c. 1400 (c. 1378), The Vision of William Concerning Piers the Plowman, Together with Vita de Dowel, Dobet, et Dobest, Secundum Wit et Resoun, London: […] for the Early English Text Society, by N. Trübner & Co., […], published 1869, page 6:

(countable) one subject to madness (believed to be) due to varying lunar phases

[…] þe red [stone calidonie] is gode aȝens a malady þat men clepen lunatix, wherby he falleþ, & wherby he is foolych & wytles & falleþ þer-with long tyme; […]

a. 1500, English Mediaeval Lapidaries, The Early English Text Society, published 1960, page 77:

(uncountable) madness (believed to be) due to varying lunar phases


heale

(Early Middle English or Late Middle English) Alternative form of hele (“health”)


luf

(chiefly Northern) Alternative form of love (“love”)


luf

(Northern) Alternative form of love (“palm”)


luf

(Southern or West Midlands) Alternative form of lef


stalworthest

Than̄ toke Guy an hundred knigħtes
Of the stalworthest and best in fightes,
That he migħt in Almaigne fynde,
And most preised and best doyng⫞.

14th century, [manuscript of Guy of Warwick]; republished as Julius Zupitza, editor, The Romance of Guy of Warwick. The first or 14th-century Version. […], part I, London: […] N. Trübner & Co., […], 1883, “Guy, with 100 knights, Goes to Help the Greek Emperor”, page 167:

But thanne come thedir sikerly
The stalworthest man of Grece party,
Neoptolamus was his name;
Kyng Sarpedoun thoght he to lame:
He ȝaff him certes suche a dynt
That Sarpedoun his stiropes tynt,
He made him bacwrad so stoupe
That he fel ouer his hors croupe.

14th–15th century, Hic Priamus. Rex. et Palamides pugnauerunt rꝭ; republished as Early English Text Society: Original Series, 1903, “Sarpedon is unhorsed by Neoptolomus; the Persian King helps him”, 11761–11768, page 347:

Qwylke þei well wyst was wyse and wyȝt
and stalworthest in stede and stall,
fforto be nere hym day and nyȝt
for ferd of fare þat myȝt be fall.

early 15th century, [metrical paraphrase of the Old Testament], page 111; republished as Herbert Kalén, editor, A Middle English Metrical Paraphrase of the Old Testament, 1923:

The rym is maked of Havelok,
A stalworthi man in a flok;
He was the stalworthest man at nede,
That may riden on ani stede.

15th century, [manuscript of Havelok the Dane]; republished as Frederick Madden, editor, The ancient English Romance of Havelok the Dane, […], Printed for the Roxburghe Club, 1828:

The tyme that he was best in elde
And stalworthest hymself to welde,
A best com out of the Irysche se
And destruyed al the contre.

15th century, [Chronicle of Robert of Brunne], volume IX; republished as “Chronik des Robert von Brunne (von anfang bis zu Christi geburt)”, in Richard Paul Wülker, A. Zetsche (section), editors, Anglia. Zeitschrift für Englische Philologie, 1886, page 146:

With owten owþer spere or schelde,
Es he þe best in frith or felde,
And stalworthest in stowre.

15th century, [Sir Peny], volume XXI; republished as “Sir Peny”, in Englische Studien, 1895, page 207:


cwakien

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of quaken


playn

English: plain

Yola: plaine

Borrowed from Old French plain, plaine, pleine.


ameven

ameven (infinitive)
to ameven (infinitive)
ameve (infinitive)
ameve (first-person present singular)
ameved (first-person past singular)
amevest (present second-person singular)
amevedest (past second-person singular)
ameveth (present singular third-person)
ameved (past singular third-person)
ameve (present singular subjunctive)
ameved (past singular subjunctive)
ameve (imperative present singular)
ameven (plural present)
ameve (plural present)
ameveden (past plural)
amevede (past plural)
ameveth (imperative plural present)
ameve (imperative plural present)
amevynge (participle present)
amevende (participle present)
ameved (participle past)
yameved (participle past)

English: amove

Yola: ameve

Borrowed from Old French amover; equivalent to a- + meven.


foyle

English: foil

Scots: foilzie, foolyie

Borrowed from Middle French fueille, feuille, from Old French fueille, from Late Latin folia, originally the plural of folium.

(cooking or literary) A leaf (organ of a plant).


rowse

(Northern) Alternative form of rosen (“to boast”)


attercoppe

English: attercop

Translingual: Attercopus

Scots: attircop, attercop

Yola: attercop

From Old English ātorcoppe, equivalent to atter + coppe.


asterten

asterten (infinitive)
to asterten (infinitive)
asterte (infinitive)
asterte (first-person present singular)
asterted (first-person past singular)
astertest (present second-person singular)
astertedest (past second-person singular)
asterteth (present singular third-person)
asterted (past singular third-person)
asterte (present singular subjunctive)
asterted (past singular subjunctive)
asterte (imperative present singular)
asterten (plural present)
asterte (plural present)
asterteden (past plural)
astertede (past plural)
asterteth (imperative plural present)
asterte (imperative plural present)
astertynge (participle present)
astertende (participle present)
asterted (participle past)
yasterted (participle past)

English: astart

Yola: astarte

The early SW forms clearly reflect an OE Old English *āstyrtan, equivalent to a- + sterten.


afeld

English: afield

Scots: afiel'

Yola: aveel

From Old English on felde (“afield”, literally “in (the) field”), equivalent to a- (“on”) + feld.


maiden child

From Old English mæġdenċild, equivalent to maiden + child.


wafur

(Late Middle English) Alternative form of wafre


bysme

(Late Middle English) Alternative form of besme


londfolc

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of lond folk


lond folk

→ English: landfolk (calque)

From Old English landfolc; equivalent to lond + folk.


Northfolk

English: Norfolk

From Old English Norþfolc; equivalent to north + folk.


barly

English: barley

Scots: barlie

desc

Yola: baarich, barich, barach, barish, barlich

From Old English bærlīċ, equivalent to bere + -ly.


klint

Old Swedish klinter (“mountaintop”), from Old Norse klettr (“rock”).


ehþurl

English: eyethurl

(poetic) The eye, especially as a "window of the soul".


gurguling

A hapax legomenon treated by the Middle English Dictionary as a gerund of an unattested verb (*gurgulen?). Possibly of Latin origin, from Medieval Latin gurgulātio, or a Germanic borrowing, from Middle Dutch gorgelen or Middle High German gurgeln, all from Latin gurgulio (“gullet”) and ultimately imitative.

onomatopoeic

imitative


cantly

From cant (“bold, brave”) + -ly (adverbial).


Ennglissh

head

Ennglissh (plural and weak singular Ennglisshe)

Ennglisshe (plural)
Ennglisshe (singular weak)


carf

first/third-person singular past indicative of kerven

(later) second-person singular past indicative of kerven


bryngen

enm-verb

bryngen (third-person singular simple present bryngeth, present participle bryngynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative broghte, past participle broght)

bryngeth (present singular third-person)
bryngynge (participle present)
broghte (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
broght (participle past)
bryngen (infinitive)
to bryngen (infinitive)
brynge (infinitive)
brynge (first-person present singular)
broghte (first-person past singular)
bryngest (present second-person singular)
broghtest (past second-person singular)
bryngeth (present singular third-person)
broghte (past singular third-person)
brynge (present singular subjunctive)
broghte (past singular subjunctive)
brynge (imperative present singular)
bryngen (plural present)
brynge (plural present)
broghten (past plural)
broghte (past plural)
bryngeth (imperative plural present)
brynge (imperative plural present)
bryngynge (participle present)
bryngende (participle present)
broght (participle past)
ybroght (participle past)

English: bring

Scots: bring

Yola: ee-brougkt (ppl)

Inherited from Old English bringan, from Proto-West Germanic *bringan, from Proto-Germanic *bringaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrenk-.

to bring; to (physically) convey or deliver towards

to deliver or provide (news, an argument, etc.)

All þe wictalis owtane ſalt / Als quheyt and flour ⁊ meill ⁊ malt / In þe wyne sellar geꝛt he bꝛyng[…]

c. 1375, “Book V”, in Iohne Barbour, De geſtis bellis et uirtutibus domini Roberti de Brwyß […] (The Brus, Advocates MS. 19.2.2), Ouchtirmunſye: Iohannes Ramſay, published 1489, folio 17, verso, lines 408-410; republished at Edinburgh: National Library of Scotland, c. 2010:

All the food except for salt, / like wheat, flour, meal, and malt, / he went to put in the wine-cellar […]

to bring about; to create; to occasion:
to supply, contribute; to provide with

to bring, lead (in(to) or out (of) a quality)

to modify (something) into (something else)

to bring about; to create; to occasion:
(rare) to cause (to do); to induce

to bring about; to create; to occasion:
to cause (to do); to induce


wherwith

wherewith; by which, with which, through which

Now wherwith ſhuld he pay his payëmet, / If he ne uſed his ſely inſtrument

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Wyfe of Bathes Prologue”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, folio xxxvii, verso, column 2:

Now how should he make his payment / Unless he uses his silly instrument?


wherwith

English: wherewith

On bookes and on lernynge he it [his gold] spente / And biſily gan for the soules preye / Of hem that yaf hym wher-with to scoleye

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “Here Bygynneth the Book of the Tales of Caunt́burẏ”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 5, verso:

He spent it [his gold] on books and learning / And prayed fervently for the souls / Of those who gave him the means to study

And ſpecially abouen euery thyng / Exited he the people in hys prechyng / To trentals, and to yeuen for goddes ſake / wherwith men mightē holy houſes make

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “(please specify the story)”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, folios xlvi, verso – xlvii, recto:

And above all else / He moved the people, by his preaching / To sing trentals, and to give for God's sake / The resources with which people might make churches

the means by which; the resources with which


iunnen

iunnen (infinitive)
to iunnen (infinitive)
iunne (infinitive)
ian (first-person present singular)
iuðe (first-person past singular)
iunnest (present second-person singular)
iuðest (past second-person singular)
ian (present singular third-person)
iuðe (past singular third-person)
iunne (present singular subjunctive)
iuðe (past singular subjunctive)
iunnen (plural present)
iunne (plural present)
iuðen (past plural)
iuðe (past plural)

From Old English geunnan; equivalent to y- + unnen.


unnen

unnen (infinitive)
to unnen (infinitive)
unne (infinitive)
an (first-person present singular)
uðe (first-person past singular)
unnest (present second-person singular)
uðest (past second-person singular)
an (present singular third-person)
uðe (past singular third-person)
unne (present singular subjunctive)
uðe (past singular subjunctive)
unne (imperative present singular)
unnen (plural present)
unne (plural present)
uðen (past plural)
uðe (past plural)
unneth (imperative plural present)
unne (imperative plural present)
unnende (participle present)
unnen (participle past)
unne (participle past)
unned (participle past)

From Old English unnan, from Proto-West Germanic *unnan, from Proto-Germanic *unnaną.


monyn

Alternative form of monen (“to remember”)


epistil

English: epistle, pistle

ffor, as euer red I pystyll / I haue oone [wife] to my fere, / As sharp as a thystyll / as rugh as a brere; / She is browyd lyke a brystyll / with a sowre loten chere / had She oones Wett Hyr Whystyle / She couth Syng full clere / Her pater noster. / She is as greatt as a whall, / She has a galon of gall: / By hym that dyed for vs all, / I wald I had ryn to I had lost hir.

15th c., “Alia eorundem [Shepherds' Play II]”, in Wakefield Mystery Plays; Re-edited in George England, Alfred W. Pollard, editors, The Towneley Plays (Early English Text Society Extra Series; LXXI), London: […] Oxford University Press, 1897, →OCLC, page 119, lines 100–108:

For, as ever I read scripture, I have a wife to be afraid of: She's as sharp as a thistle and a rough as a brier; she is broad like a bristle, with a sour, hidden cheerefulness, once she wets her whistle she can sing her Pater noster quite clearely. She is a great as a whale, she has a gallon of gall. By Him that died for us all, I wish I had run till I had lost her.


pouste

English: poustie

Scots: poustie

Yola: poustee

From Anglo-Norman pousté and Old French posté, poesté, from Latin potestās, potestāt-. Doublet of potestat.


beveringe

English: bevering

Yola: bebbereens (plural)


biveren

biveren (infinitive)
to biveren (infinitive)
bivere (infinitive)
bivere (first-person present singular)
bivered (first-person past singular)
biverest (present second-person singular)
biveredest (past second-person singular)
bivereth (present singular third-person)
bivered (past singular third-person)
bivere (present singular subjunctive)
bivered (past singular subjunctive)
bivere (imperative present singular)
biveren (plural present)
bivere (plural present)
bivereden (past plural)
biverede (past plural)
bivereth (imperative plural present)
bivere (imperative plural present)
biverynge (participle present)
biverende (participle present)
bivered (participle past)
ybivered (participle past)

English: bever, bibber (Irish)

Scots: bever, baiver, baver, bevver

Yola: bebber


demaunden

demaunden (infinitive)
to demaunden (infinitive)
demaunde (infinitive)
demaunde (first-person present singular)
demaunded (first-person past singular)
demaundest (present second-person singular)
demaundedest (past second-person singular)
demaundeth (present singular third-person)
demaunded (past singular third-person)
demaunde (present singular subjunctive)
demaunded (past singular subjunctive)
demaunde (imperative present singular)
demaunden (plural present)
demaunde (plural present)
demaundeden (past plural)
demaundede (past plural)
demaundeth (imperative plural present)
demaunde (imperative plural present)
demaundynge (participle present)
demaundende (participle present)
demaunded (participle past)
ydemaunded (participle past)

English: demand

Scots: demand

From Old French demander, from Latin dēmandō, dēmandāre; equivalent to demaunde + -en (infinitival suffix).


-lyere

comparative degree of -ly (“adjectival suffix”)


-lyere

comparative degree of -ly (“adverbial suffix”)


cowre

ffor wynter wyth hys rowȝe wyndis and blaſtis cauſyth luſty men and women to cowre and to ſyt by fyres ⸝

1470–1483 (date produced), Thom̃s Malleorre [i.e., Thomas Malory], “[Launcelot and Guinevere]”, in Le Morte Darthur (British Library Additional Manuscript 59678), [England: s.n.], folio 449, recto:

For winter, with his rough winds and blasts, causeth lusty men and women to cower and sit by fires.


demyth

ffor sekyrly he makyth thilke feynede humylitee more for his owne profyt than for loue of thyn persone / by cause that he demyth to haue victorie ouyr thyn persone / by swich feynede contenaunce / the whiche victorie / he myȝte not haue be stryf or werre /

c. 15th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Tale of Melibee”, in The Canterbury Tales, page 216; republished as “Melibeus”, in Frederick J. Furnivall, editor, The Cambridge MS. (Cambridge Univ. Library, Gg. 4. 27) of Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales, London: […] for the Chaucer Society by N. Trübner & Co., […], 1868, Group B. § 10., 2378:

God demyth vs vpon oure kyndely substance, whych is evyr kepte one in hym, hole and safe without ende;

Mirabai Starr (2013) chapter 45, in Julian of Norwich: The Showings: A Contemporary Translation, Canterbury Press, published 2014, →ISBN, “Human Judgment”, page 111

God judges us according to our true essence, which he keeps inside himself, whole and safe, always.

third-person singular present indicative of demen


netle

English: nettle

Yola: nettles (plural)

From Old English netele, from Proto-West Germanic *natilā.


bedreden

English: bedridden

Yola: bedreede


ealdefader

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of olde fader


eildfader

(Northern) Alternative form of olde fader


steopbern

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of stepbarn


steppe-

(Late Middle English) Alternative form of step-


stepfader

English: stepfather

Scots: stepfaither

From Old English stēopfæder, from Proto-Germanic *steupafadēr; equivalent to step- + fader.


stepdoughter

English: stepdaughter

From Old English stēopdohtor (“stepdaughter”), from Proto-Germanic *steupaduhtēr (“stepdaughter”); equivalent to step- + doughter.


fadren

fadren (infinitive)
to fadren (infinitive)
fadre (infinitive)
fadre (first-person present singular)
fadred (first-person past singular)
fadrest (present second-person singular)
fadredest (past second-person singular)
fadreth (present singular third-person)
fadred (past singular third-person)
fadre (present singular subjunctive)
fadred (past singular subjunctive)
fadre (imperative present singular)
fadren (plural present)
fadre (plural present)
fadreden (past plural)
fadrede (past plural)
fadreth (imperative plural present)
fadre (imperative plural present)
fadrynge (participle present)
fadrende (participle present)
fadred (participle past)
yfadred (participle past)

English: father

Scots: faither


stepmoder

English: stepmother

Scots: stap-mither

From Old English stēopmōdor, from Proto-Germanic *steupamōdēr; equivalent to step- + moder.


faderly

English: fatherly

Scots: faderlie

Yola: fatherlie

From Old English fæderlīċ (“fatherly, paternal”), from Proto-Germanic *fadurlīkaz (“fatherly, paternal”); equivalent to fader + -ly.


faderly

English: fatherly


olde fader

English: eldfather

Scots: eldfader

From Old English ealdefæder, variant of eald fæder; equivalent to old + fader. In some forms, the first element is influenced by elde.


stepsone

English: stepson

From Old English stēopsunu (“stepson”), from Proto-Germanic *steupasunuz (“stepson”); equivalent to step- + sone.


bileve

English: belief

Yola: beleave

From Old English lēafa, from Proto-West Germanic *laubu, from Proto-Germanic *laubô, equivalent to bi- + leve.


fermen

fermen (infinitive)
to fermen (infinitive)
ferme (infinitive)
ferme (first-person present singular)
fermed (first-person past singular)
fermest (present second-person singular)
fermedest (past second-person singular)
fermeth (present singular third-person)
fermed (past singular third-person)
ferme (present singular subjunctive)
fermed (past singular subjunctive)
ferme (imperative present singular)
fermen (plural present)
ferme (plural present)
fermeden (past plural)
fermede (past plural)
fermeth (imperative plural present)
ferme (imperative plural present)
fermynge (participle present)
fermende (participle present)
fermed (participle past)

English: farm (dialectal)

From Old English feormian, possibly from Proto-West Germanic *furbēn.


fermen

English: farm

Scots: ferm

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman fermer; equivalent to ferme (“lease”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


fermen

English: firm

Scots: firm

Borrowed from Old French fermer, from Latin firmō, firmāre; equivalent to ferme (“firm”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


kyndely

English: kindly

From Old English cyndelīċ (“natural, kindly”); equivalent to kynde + -ly (adjectival).


counceyle

Than ſpake ẜ Gawayne And ſeyde brothir · ẜ Aggravayne I pray you and charge you meve no ſuch · maters no more a fore me fro wyte you well I woll nat be of youre counceyle //

1470–1483 (date produced), Thom̃s Malleorre [i.e., Thomas Malory], “[Morte Arthur]”, in Le Morte Darthur (British Library Additional Manuscript 59678), [England: s.n.], folio 449, verso, lines 15–18:

Then spoke Sir Gawain, and said, “Brother, Sir Agrivain, I pray you and charge you move not such matters any more before me, for be ye assured I will not be of your counsel.”


freyshe

IN Maẏ whan eúý harte floryſhyth́ ⁊ burgruyth́ for as the ſeaſon ys luſty to be holde and comfortable ſo man and woman reioyſyth and gladith of ſom[er] cõmynge wᵗ his freyſhe floures

1470–1483 (date produced), Thom̃s Malleorre [i.e., Thomas Malory], “[Launcelot and Guinevere]”, in Le Morte Darthur (British Library Additional Manuscript 59678), [England: s.n.], folio 449, recto, lines 22–25:

IN May, when every heart flourisheth and burgeneth; for as the season is lusty to behold, and comfortable, so man and woman rejoice and be glad of summer coming with his fresh flowers.


pyteuous

And here on þͤ othir ſyde folowyth the moſte pytevous tale of the morte Arthure ſaunz Gwerdon · Ꝑ le ſhyvalere ẜ Thomᷓs Malleorre knyȝt

1470–1483 (date produced), Thom̃s Malleorre [i.e., Thomas Malory], “[Launcelot and Guinevere]”, in Le Morte Darthur (British Library Additional Manuscript 59678), [England: s.n.], folio 449, recto, lines 18–21:

And here on the other side followeth the most piteous tale of the mort d’Arthur sans guerdon, par le chevalier Sir Thomas Malory, knight.


þͤ

English: yͤ


cryde

and þus they cryed wyth a lowde voyce that all the courte myght hyre hit

1470–1483 (date produced), Thom̃s Malleorre [i.e., Thomas Malory], “[Morte Arthur]”, in Le Morte Darthur (British Library Additional Manuscript 59678), [England: s.n.], folio 451, verso, lines 10–12:

And thus they cried with a loud voice, that all the court might hear it;


Gwenyver

English: Guinevere

Bᵘᵗ Marlyon warned the kyng covertly that Gwenyuer was nat holſom for hym to take to wyff · For he warned hym that launcelot ſcholde love hir and ſche hym agayne · And ſo he turned his tale to the aventures of the Sankegreal ·

1470–1483 (date produced), Thom̃s Malleorre [i.e., Thomas Malory], “[The Tale of King Arthur]”, in Le Morte Darthur (British Library Additional Manuscript 59678), [England: s.n.], folio 35, recto, lines 22–25:

Alas ſeyde quene Gwenyu[er] now ar we myſcheved bothe //

1470–1483 (date produced), Thom̃s Malleorre [i.e., Thomas Malory], “[Morte Arthur]”, in Le Morte Darthur (British Library Additional Manuscript 59678), [England: s.n.], folio 451, verso, lines 13–14:

“Alas!” said Queen Guinevere, “now are we mischieved both!”


chyff

Than cam In ẜ Aſcamour and ẜ Grūmor ⁊ Grūmorſon ẜ Croſſeleme ẜ Seuerauſe le brewſe that was called a paſſynge ſtronge knyght for as the booke ſeyth the chyff lady of the lady off the lake feſted ẜ Launcelot and ẜ Seu[er]auſe le brewſe And whan ſhe had feſted them both at ſundry tymes ſhe þ[ra]yde hem to gyff her a done

1470–1483 (date produced), Thom̃s Malleorre [i.e., Thomas Malory], “[Launcelot and Guinevere]”, in Le Morte Darthur (British Library Additional Manuscript 59678), [England: s.n.], folio 446, verso, lines 1–6:

Then came in Sir Astamor, and Sir Gromere, Grummor’s son, Sir Crosselm, Sir Servause le Breuse, that was called a passing strong knight, for as the book saith, the chief Lady of the Lake feasted Sir Launcelot and Servause le Breuse, and when she had feasted them both at sundry times she prayed them to give her a boon.


belwes

English: bellows

Yola: belooze


indempnite

English: indemnity

From Middle French indemnité, from Late Latin indemnitas.


dampnable

English: damnable

Old French dampnable, from Latin damnabilis; equivalent to dampnen + -able.


dampnablely

English: damnably

a. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales, The Parson's Tale, section 38 https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Canterbury_Tales/The_Parson%27s_Prologue_and_Tale
I kan nat seye but that they doon cursedly and dampnably agayns Crist and al the feith of hooly chirche.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


condempnacioun

English: condemnation

From Latin condemnātiō, condemnātiōnem; equivalent to condempnen + -acioun.

(religion, rare) damnation (consignment to eternal punishment)


dampnacioun

English: damnation

From Old French dampnacion, from Latin damnatio; equivalent to dampnen + -acioun.

(religion) damnation (consignment to eternal punishment)


damagen

enm-verb

damagen (third-person singular simple present damageth, present participle damagende, damagynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle damaged)

damageth (present singular third-person)
damagende (participle present)
damagynge (participle present)
damaged (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
damagen (infinitive)
to damagen (infinitive)
damage (infinitive)
damage (first-person present singular)
damaged (first-person past singular)
damagest (present second-person singular)
damagedest (past second-person singular)
damageth (present singular third-person)
damaged (past singular third-person)
damage (present singular subjunctive)
damaged (past singular subjunctive)
damage (imperative present singular)
damagen (plural present)
damage (plural present)
damageden (past plural)
damagede (past plural)
damageth (imperative plural present)
damage (imperative plural present)
damagynge (participle present)
damagende (participle present)
damaged (participle past)
ydamaged (participle past)

English: damage

Scots: dammish

Borrowed from Old French damagier; equivalent to damage + -en (infinitival suffix).


condempnen

condempnen (third-person singular simple present condempneth, present participle condempnende, condempnynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle condempned)

condempneth (present singular third-person)
condempnende (participle present)
condempnynge (participle present)
condempned (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
condempnen (infinitive)
to condempnen (infinitive)
condempne (infinitive)
condempne (first-person present singular)
condempned (first-person past singular)
condempe (first-person past singular)
condempnest (present second-person singular)
condempnedest (past second-person singular)
condempest (past second-person singular)
condempneth (present singular third-person)
condempned (past singular third-person)
condempe (past singular third-person)
condempne (present singular subjunctive)
condempned (past singular subjunctive)
condempe (past singular subjunctive)
condempne (imperative present singular)
condempnen (plural present)
condempne (plural present)
condempneden (past plural)
condempnede (past plural)
condempen (past plural)
condempe (past plural)
condempneth (imperative plural present)
condempne (imperative plural present)
condempnynge (participle present)
condempnende (participle present)
condempned (participle past)
condemp (participle past)
ycondempned (participle past)
ycondemp (participle past)

English: condemn

Borrowed from Old French condamner, from Latin condemnō; compare dampnen.

(law) to charge as guilty; to effect punishment.

(religion, rare) to damn (consign to hell)


dampnynge

English: damning


bityden

bityden (infinitive)
to bityden (infinitive)
bityde (infinitive)
bityde (first-person present singular)
bitydde (first-person past singular)
bitydest (present second-person singular)
bityddest (past second-person singular)
bitydeth (present singular third-person)
bitydde (past singular third-person)
bityde (present singular subjunctive)
bitydde (past singular subjunctive)
bityde (imperative present singular)
bityden (plural present)
bityde (plural present)
bitydden (past plural)
bitydde (past plural)
bitydeth (imperative plural present)
bityde (imperative plural present)
bitydynge (participle present)
bitydende (participle present)
bityd (participle past)

English: betide

Yola: beteede


boillen

boillen (infinitive)
to boillen (infinitive)
boille (infinitive)
boille (first-person present singular)
boilled (first-person past singular)
boillest (present second-person singular)
boilledest (past second-person singular)
boilleth (present singular third-person)
boilled (past singular third-person)
boille (present singular subjunctive)
boilled (past singular subjunctive)
boille (imperative present singular)
boillen (plural present)
boille (plural present)
boilleden (past plural)
boillede (past plural)
boilleth (imperative plural present)
boille (imperative plural present)
boillynge (participle present)
boillende (participle present)
boilled (participle past)
yboilled (participle past)

English: boil

Yola: bile (vulgar)

From Old French boillir, from Latin bullīre.


saden

saden (infinitive)
to saden (infinitive)
sade (infinitive)
sade (first-person present singular)
saded (first-person past singular)
sadest (present second-person singular)
sadedest (past second-person singular)
sadeth (present singular third-person)
saded (past singular third-person)
sade (present singular subjunctive)
saded (past singular subjunctive)
sade (imperative present singular)
saden (plural present)
sade (plural present)
sadeden (past plural)
sadede (past plural)
sadeth (imperative plural present)
sade (imperative plural present)
sadynge (participle present)
sadende (participle present)
saded (participle past)

English: sade (dialectal)

Scots: sad

From Old English sadian, from Proto-West Germanic *sadōn; equivalent to sad + -en (infinitival suffix).

To solidify; to make solid:
To make secure or firm.

To solidify; to make solid:
(rare) To strengthen; to make strong.

To solidify; to make solid:
To strengthen; to make strong.


onfangen

From Old English onfōn, equivalent to on- (derivational prefix) + fangen (“grasp, take, carry away”).


sowpon

Alternative form of soupen (“to swallow”)


yernen

From Old English geornan, girnan, from Proto-West Germanic *girnijan, from Proto-Germanic *girnijaną.

c. 1300, Anonymous, "Alison" (as printed in The Oxford Book of English Verse, 1900)


Gwenyvere

ye ſeyde kyng Arthure I love Gwenyvere the kyngꝭ doughtir of lodegrean of þᵉ londe of Camelerde the whyche holdyth In his houſe the table rounde that ye tolde me he had hit of my fadir Vther · And this dameſell is the moſte valyaunte and fayryſt that I know lyvyng, or yet that eu[er] I coude fynde

1470–1483 (date produced), Thom̃s Malleorre [i.e., Thomas Malory], “[The Tale of King Arthur]”, in Le Morte Darthur (British Library Additional Manuscript 59678), [England: s.n.], folio 35, recto, lines 11–16:


Arthure

English: Arthur


væx

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of fax


faxwax

English: paxwax

From fax (“head hair”) + waxen (“to grow”).

The nuchal ligament (supporting the back of the neck)


soupen

soupen (infinitive)
to soupen (infinitive)
soupe (infinitive)
soupe (first-person present singular)
sop (first-person past singular)
souped (first-person past singular)
soupest (present second-person singular)
sope (past second-person singular)
sop (past second-person singular)
soupedest (past second-person singular)
soupeth (present singular third-person)
sop (past singular third-person)
souped (past singular third-person)
soupe (present singular subjunctive)
sope (past singular subjunctive)
souped (past singular subjunctive)
soupe (imperative present singular)
soupen (plural present)
soupe (plural present)
sopen (past plural)
sope (past plural)
soupeden (past plural)
soupede (past plural)
soupeth (imperative plural present)
soupe (imperative plural present)
soupynge (participle present)
soupende (participle present)
sopen (participle past)
sope (participle past)
souped (participle past)
ysopen (participle past)
ysope (participle past)
ysouped (participle past)

English: sup, soup

Scots: soup, sowp, sup

From Old English sūpan (strong class 2), from Proto-West Germanic *sūpan.

but whanne þis dedli þing ſchal cloþe vndeedlyneſſe .· þanne ſchal þe woꝛd be doon that is writen / deþ is ſopun vp in victoꝛie

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Coꝛinthis ·i· 15:54, page 67v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

But when this mortal thing acquires immortality, then the saying that's been recorded will happen: "Death has been swallowed up in victory!"


soupen

soupen (infinitive)
to soupen (infinitive)
soupe (infinitive)
soupe (first-person present singular)
souped (first-person past singular)
soupest (present second-person singular)
soupedest (past second-person singular)
soupeth (present singular third-person)
souped (past singular third-person)
soupe (present singular subjunctive)
souped (past singular subjunctive)
soupe (imperative present singular)
soupen (plural present)
soupe (plural present)
soupeden (past plural)
soupede (past plural)
soupeth (imperative plural present)
soupe (imperative plural present)
soupynge (participle present)
soupende (participle present)
souped (participle past)
ysouped (participle past)

English: sup

Scots: soup

From Anglo-Norman super, from supe, soupe; equivalent to soupe + -en (infinitival suffix).

to have a meal (especially dinner or supper)

to feast or dine; to have a meal in company

lo I ſtonde at the doꝛe .· ⁊ knocke if ony man heriþ my voys · ⁊ openeþ þe ȝate to me · I ſhal entre to hym · ⁊ ſoupe with hym · ⁊ he with me

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Apocalips 3:20, page 118v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

I stand at the door and knock; if anyone hears my voice and opens the door for me, I'll go and dine with them, and them with me.


carfukes

English: carfax

From Latin quadrifurcus and Old French carrefor.


medewax

Either mede (“mead (beverage)”) or mede (“meadow”) + wax (“wax”).


alowe

English: alow

Scots: alow, aloah

Yola: aloghe

low or lower down, below; downward (of position or direction)


waxenn

(Ormulum) Alternative form of waxen (“to grow”)


avexen

avexen (infinitive)
to avexen (infinitive)
avexe (infinitive)
avexe (first-person present singular)
avexed (first-person past singular)
avexest (present second-person singular)
avexedest (past second-person singular)
avexeth (present singular third-person)
avexed (past singular third-person)
avexe (present singular subjunctive)
avexed (past singular subjunctive)
avexe (imperative present singular)
avexen (plural present)
avexe (plural present)
avexeden (past plural)
avexede (past plural)
avexeth (imperative plural present)
avexe (imperative plural present)
avexynge (participle present)
avexende (participle present)
avexed (participle past)


vexacioun

English: vexation

from Old French vexacion, from Latin vexātiō; equivalent to vexen + -acioun.


grene wax

English: green wax

Named for the green wax seal of the Exchequer.

Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see grene, wax.


waxynge

English: waxing


vexynge

English: vexing


Lodegrean

(Arthurian legend) Leodegrance (the father of Queen Guinevere)


Camelerde

(Arthurian legend) Cameliard (the estate of the young Guinevere and her father, King Leodegrance)


Lodegean

and ſo Merlyon wente forthe vnto kyng lodegean of Camylerde and tolde hym of the deſire of the kyng that þᵗ he wolde haue vnto his wyff Gwenyu[er] his douȝt[er]

1470–1483 (date produced), Thom̃s Malleorre [i.e., Thomas Malory], “[The Tale of King Arthur]”, in Le Morte Darthur (British Library Additional Manuscript 59678), [England: s.n.], folio 35, recto, lines 27–29:


Marlyon

Now is þ[er] ony ſeyde Marlyon that ye love more than a noþ[er] ·

1470–1483 (date produced), Thom̃s Malleorre [i.e., Thomas Malory], “[The Tale of King Arthur]”, in Le Morte Darthur (British Library Additional Manuscript 59678), [England: s.n.], folio 35, recto, lines 10–11:

(hypercorrect) Alternative form of Merlyn


counceile

So hit felle on a tyme kyng Arthur ſeyde vnto Merlion My barownes woll let me haue no reſte but nedis I muſte take a wyff ⁊ I wolde none take but by thy counceile and advice //

1470–1483 (date produced), Thom̃s Malleorre [i.e., Thomas Malory], “[The Tale of King Arthur]”, in Le Morte Darthur (British Library Additional Manuscript 59678), [England: s.n.], folio 35, recto, lines 6–8:


Lodegreauns

That is to me ſeyde kyng lodegreaūs the beſte tydyngꝭ that eu[er] I herde · that ſo worthy a kyng of proveſſe ⁊ nobleſſe wol wedde my dought[er] ·

1470–1483 (date produced), Thom̃s Malleorre [i.e., Thomas Malory], “[The Tale of King Arthur]”, in Le Morte Darthur (British Library Additional Manuscript 59678), [England: s.n.], folio 35, recto, lines 30–32:


hyhenes

god thanke your hyhenes ſaid Balen / your bounte and hyhenes may no man preyſe half to the valewe / but at this tyme I muſt nedes departe / byſechyng yow alwey of your good grace /

1470–1485 (date produced), Thomas Malory, “Capitulum ij”, in [Le Morte Darthur], book II, [London: […] by William Caxton], published 31 July 1485, →OCLC, leaf 39, verso; republished as H[einrich] Oskar Sommer, editor, Le Morte Darthur […], London: David Nutt, […], 1889, →OCLC, page 78, lines 32–35:


Lodgreaunce

And ſo kynge lodgreaunce delyu[er]d hys doughtir Gwenyu[er] vnto M[erlion] and the table rounde with the C [100] knyghtꝭ

1470–1483 (date produced), Thom̃s Malleorre [i.e., Thomas Malory], “[The Tale of King Arthur]”, in Le Morte Darthur (British Library Additional Manuscript 59678), [England: s.n.], folio 35, verso, lines 6–7:


felauship

and yf ye wyll abyde in this courte among my felauſhip / I ſhalle ſo auaunce yow as ye ſhalle be pleaſed /

1470–1485 (date produced), Thomas Malory, “Capitulum ij”, in [Le Morte Darthur], book II, [London: […] by William Caxton], published 31 July 1485, →OCLC, leaf 39, verso; republished as H[einrich] Oskar Sommer, editor, Le Morte Darthur […], London: David Nutt, […], 1889, →OCLC, page 78, lines 30–32:


felyship

And if ye woll a byde In thys courte amonge my felyſhip I ſhall ſo avaunce as ye ſhall be pleaſed

1470–1483 (date produced), Thom̃s Malleorre [i.e., Thomas Malory], “[The Tale of King Arthur]”, in Le Morte Darthur (British Library Additional Manuscript 59678), [England: s.n.], folio 23, verso, lines 17–19:


wytchecraft

Thenne the mooſt party of the knyghtes of the round table ſayd that Balen did not this auenture al only by myghte but by wytchecraft

1470–1485 (date produced), Thomas Malory, “Capitulum ij”, in [Le Morte Darthur], book II, [London: […] by William Caxton], published 31 July 1485, →OCLC, leaf 40, recto; republished as H[einrich] Oskar Sommer, editor, Le Morte Darthur […], London: David Nutt, […], 1889, →OCLC, page 79, lines 2–4:

Then most party of the knights of the round table said that Balen did not [do] this adventure only by might, but by witchcraft


hyghnesse

English: highness

God thanke youre hyghneſſe ſeyde Balyne youre bounte may no man prayſe halff vnto the valew butt at thys tyme I muſte nedis dep[ar]te beſechynge you all way of youre good grace //

1470–1483 (date produced), Thom̃s Malleorre [i.e., Thomas Malory], “[The Tale of King Arthur]”, in Le Morte Darthur (British Library Additional Manuscript 59678), [England: s.n.], folio 23, verso, lines 19–21:


wycche crauffte

Than the moſte p[ar]ty of þe knyghtꝭ of the rounde table ſeyde that Balyne dud nat þis aduenture ony^([sic – meaning only]) by myght but by wycche crauffte //

1470–1483 (date produced), Thom̃s Malleorre [i.e., Thomas Malory], “[The Tale of King Arthur]”, in Le Morte Darthur (British Library Additional Manuscript 59678), [England: s.n.], folio 23, verso, lines 26–28:

Then the majority of the knights of the Round Table said that Balin didn't do that adventure only with might, but with witchcraft as well.


rounde table

English: Round Table

Than the moſte p[ar]ty of þe knyghtꝭ of the rounde table ſeyde that Balyne dud nat þis aduenture ony by myght but by wycche crauffte //


table rounde

rounde table
rounde table#Middle_English


sculle

English: skull

gl

forms with -t merger with or from Old Norse <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">skoltr</i>

Scots: scull, skult, skolt (forms with -t merger with or from Old Norse skoltr)

Origin uncertain. Likely from Old Norse *skulli, a variant of skalli (“bald head, skull”). Compare dialectal Swedish skulle (“skull”). Compare also Old Norse skoltr (“browridge”), Norwegian skolt (“skull, pate”).


puissaunt

English: puissant

Borrowed from Middle French puissant, poissant, Anglo-Norman puissant, Old French pussant, et al.


bokel

English: buckle

Yola: boouchel

From Old French boucle, from Latin buccula, diminutive of bucca (“cheek”).


yere of our lord

English: year of our Lord

Here endeth the book named the dictes or sayengis of the philosophres enprynted. by me william Caxton at westmestre the yere of our lord .M.CCCC.Lxx vij.

1477, William Caxton, “Et sic est finis”, in The Dictes or Sayengis of the Philosophres, Westminster, London: William Caxton, folio 74, recto:

Here ends the book named 'The Dict[ations] or Sayings of the Philosophers Enprinted. By me, William Caxton at Westminster, the Year of Our Lord .M.CCCC.LXX VIJ.'


Balyn

And as the dameſell toke þer [or her] leve of Arthure and of all the barownes ſo dep[ar]tynge thys knyght Balyn called vnto her and ſeyde dameſell, I p[ra]y you of youre curteyſy ſuffir me as well to aſſay as thes oþ[er] lordis

1470–1483 (date produced), Thom̃s Malleorre [i.e., Thomas Malory], “[The Tale of King Arthur]”, in Le Morte Darthur (British Library Additional Manuscript 59678), [England: s.n.], folio 23, recto, lines 11–13:


Westmestre

English: Westminster

desc

→ Latin: Westmonastērium (partial calque)

→ Old French: Westmostier (partial calque)

From Old English Wæst minstre, West mynstre; equivalent to west + menstre.


idropesie

English: dropsy

Scots: hydropesie, ydrope


coldnesse

English: coldness

Scots: cauldness


baleyne

English: baleen


meeth

Alternative form of mede (“mead (beverage)”)


medeful

→ English: meedful (calque)

(religion) beneficial, praiseworthy, effective


medewort

English: meadwort, medæwart (obsolete)

From Old English medewyrt, medowyrt; equivalent to mede (“meadow”) + wort.


medefully

The light is charite, and the mesuring of this light is don to us profitably by the wisdam of God. For neyther the light is so large that we may seen our blisfull day, ne it is sperid fro us, but it is suich a light in which we may liven medefully with travel deservand the endless worship of God.

1373, Julian (of Norwich), chapter LXXXIV, in The Shewings of Julian of Norwich, lines 3365–3368:

This light is love, and the distribution of this light is beneficially done though the wisdom of God. Because the light is neither so great that we can see our blessed day or concealed from us, it's a light that lets us live commendably through deeds deserving of God's endless glory.

But it is seide comounly þat þre þingis ben hard to men, to scorne men medefully, or medeful plete wiþ men, or ellis to fiȝt wiþ man, bi þe weye of charitie.

c. 1400, John Wycliffe, “Sermon XLI”, in Thomas Arnold, editor, Select English Works of John Wyclif, volume I, published 1869, page 114:

But it's commonly said that three things are hard for people: shaming people appropriately, pleading with people effectively, and warring with people in a loving way.


medwe

English: meadow

Scots: meeda

From the oblique forms of Old English mǣd, mēd, from Proto-West Germanic *mādu, from Proto-Germanic *mēdwō. Doublet of mede (“meadow”).


brembel

English: bramble

Scots: brimmle

Yola: brimel

From Old English brǣmel, brēmel, from Proto-West Germanic *brāmil.


concepcioun

English: conception

Borrowed from Old French conception, from Latin conceptiō.


conceyte

English: conceit

Scots: conceit

Formed from conceyven by analogy with deceyven~deceyte etc.

A viewpoint; an opinion (usually about someone)

A thought (something conceived):
Positive opinion; high regard.

A thought (something conceived):
A notion; an idea set on.


conceyven

conceyven (infinitive)
to conceyven (infinitive)
conceyve (infinitive)
conceyve (first-person present singular)
conceyved (first-person past singular)
conceyvest (present second-person singular)
conceyvedest (past second-person singular)
conceyveth (present singular third-person)
conceyved (past singular third-person)
conceyve (present singular subjunctive)
conceyved (past singular subjunctive)
conceyve (imperative present singular)
conceyven (plural present)
conceyve (plural present)
conceyveden (past plural)
conceyvede (past plural)
conceyveth (imperative plural present)
conceyve (imperative plural present)
conceyvynge (participle present)
conceyvende (participle present)
conceyved (participle past)
yconceyved (participle past)

English: conceive

From Old French concevoir, from Latin concipiō.

To understand; to comprehend:
To develop a viewpoint.

To understand; to comprehend:
To plan; to plot.


conceyvynge

(rare) origination, creation, formulation


boket

desctree

English: bucket
→ Farefare: bɔgtɛ
→ Japanese: バケツ (baketsu)
→ Maori: pākete

Scots: bucket

Yola: buckate


humbul-be

English: bumblebee

Scots: bumbee

Yola: bumble-bee

Compound of humble (“to hum, drone”) + be (“bee”). Compare Middle Dutch hommel, hummel (“bumblebee”).


boterie

English: buttery

Yola: budheree

Borrowed from Old French boterie and Medieval Latin buteria, from Late Latin botāria, from a variant form of butta (“cask, bottle”).


buttry

English: buttery

Yola: butheree

(rare, Late Middle English) Containing butter or butterfat.


chiken

English: chicken, chick

Scots: chikin, chekin, schik

Yola: chick, chicke


suwie

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of sowen (“to torment”)


chuffe

English: chuff

Yola: chugh

Unknown; possibly an arbitrary sound-symbolic formation.

(Late Middle English, rare) rustic, boor


coperose

English: copperas

Yola: copprouse (figuratively)


cherl

English: churl

Scots: churl

Yola: chourle

From Old English ċeorl, from Proto-West Germanic *karil, from Proto-Germanic *karilaz.


cwitance

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of quytaunce


crokke

English: crock

Scots: crock, croak

Yola: kruck


quytaunce

English: quittance

Scots: cuttance

From Old French quitance (modern French quittance), from Latin quietantia; equivalent to quyten + -aunce.

receipt (document showing a transaction)

quittance (nullification of an obligation)


dawnynge

English: dawning

Yola: dauneen

1485, Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur, Book Two Capitulum ix
Anone after cam the knyght with the two swerdes and balan his broder / and brought with hem kynge Ryons of Northwalys and there delyuerd hym to the porters and charged hem with hym / & soo they two retorned ageyne in the daunyng of the day

Anon after came the knight with the two swords and Balan his brother / and brought with them King Ryons of North Wales and there delivered him to the porters and charged them with him / and so the two of them returned again in the dawning of the day.


doseyne

English: dozen

Yola: dezeen


derelyng

English: darling

Yola: dereling


turnepe

English: turnip

Yola: dhernapès (plural)


thacchen

thacchen (infinitive)
to thacchen (infinitive)
thacche (infinitive)
thacche (first-person present singular)
thacched (first-person past singular)
thacchest (present second-person singular)
thacchedest (past second-person singular)
thaccheth (present singular third-person)
thacched (past singular third-person)
thacche (present singular subjunctive)
thacched (past singular subjunctive)
thacche (imperative present singular)
thacchen (plural present)
thacche (plural present)
thaccheden (past plural)
thacchede (past plural)
thaccheth (imperative plural present)
thacche (imperative plural present)
thacchynge (participle present)
thacchende (participle present)
thacched (participle past)
ythacched (participle past)

English: thatch

Yola: detch

From Old English þeċċan, from Proto-West Germanic *þakkjan, from Proto-Germanic *þakjaną.


drounen

drounen (infinitive)
to drounen (infinitive)
droune (infinitive)
droune (first-person present singular)
drouned (first-person past singular)
drounest (present second-person singular)
drounedest (past second-person singular)
drouneth (present singular third-person)
drouned (past singular third-person)
droune (present singular subjunctive)
drouned (past singular subjunctive)
droune (imperative present singular)
drounen (plural present)
droune (plural present)
drouneden (past plural)
drounede (past plural)
drouneth (imperative plural present)
droune (imperative plural present)
drounynge (participle present)
drounende (participle present)
drouned (participle past)
ydrouned (participle past)

English: drown

Yola: dhrent (preterite)

Of obscure and uncertain origin. Probably cognate with Icelandic drukna.