swellen

swellen (infinitive)
to swellen (infinitive)
swelle (infinitive)
swelle (first-person present singular)
swal (first-person past singular)
swelled (first-person past singular)
swellest (present second-person singular)
swolle (past second-person singular)
swal (past second-person singular)
swelledest (past second-person singular)
swelleth (present singular third-person)
swal (past singular third-person)
swelled (past singular third-person)
swelle (present singular subjunctive)
swolle (past singular subjunctive)
swelled (past singular subjunctive)
swelle (imperative present singular)
swellen (plural present)
swelle (plural present)
swollen (past plural)
swolle (past plural)
swelleden (past plural)
swellede (past plural)
swelleth (imperative plural present)
swelle (imperative plural present)
swellynge (participle present)
swellende (participle present)
swollen (participle past)
swolle (participle past)
swelled (participle past)
yswolle (participle past)

English: swell

Scots: swell, swall

From Old English swellan, from Proto-West Germanic *swellan, from Proto-Germanic *swellaną.

To swell; to grow or become bigger or stronger:

(medicine) To become swollen due to illness or injury.


oximel

English: oxymel

From Late Latin oxymel, oxymeli, from Ancient Greek ὀξύμελι (oxúmeli).


knytter

English: knitter

Knitter, a person who knits as an occupation.


purgen

purgen (infinitive)
to purgen (infinitive)
purge (infinitive)
purge (first-person present singular)
purged (first-person past singular)
purgest (present second-person singular)
purgedest (past second-person singular)
purgeth (present singular third-person)
purged (past singular third-person)
purge (present singular subjunctive)
purged (past singular subjunctive)
purge (imperative present singular)
purgen (plural present)
purge (plural present)
purgeden (past plural)
purgede (past plural)
purgeth (imperative plural present)
purge (imperative plural present)
purgynge (participle present)
purgende (participle present)
purged (participle past)
ypurged (participle past)

English: purge

Scots: purge

Borrowed from Old French purgier, from Latin pūrgō.

To cleanse or purify; to remove impurities:

(medicine) To purge or cleanse the body.


vynegre

desctree

English: vinegar
→ Japanese: ビネガー (binegā)
→ Welsh: finegr

Scots: veenegar

From Old French vinaigre; but sometimes interpreted as a compound of wyn + egre.

vinegar, especially that made from wine (often used in cooking, medicine and as a garnish).


degre

English: degree

Scots: degree

Borrowed from Old French degré, degréz (hence the variant degrece); equivalent to de- + gre.

The state, quality, or status of something; something's current characteristics:

A distinguishing quantity; degree, amount, or extent:

(medicine) A degree of severity of medical conditions.


bragot

desc

English: bragget, bracket, brackett, bragawd, braggett, braggot, bragot

From Middle Welsh bragawd, bragaut, bragod.

bragget (beverage made of ale and honey)


vexen

vexen (infinitive)
to vexen (infinitive)
vexe (infinitive)
vexe (first-person present singular)
vexed (first-person past singular)
vexest (present second-person singular)
vexedest (past second-person singular)
vexeth (present singular third-person)
vexed (past singular third-person)
vexe (present singular subjunctive)
vexed (past singular subjunctive)
vexe (imperative present singular)
vexen (plural present)
vexe (plural present)
vexeden (past plural)
vexede (past plural)
vexeth (imperative plural present)
vexe (imperative plural present)
vexynge (participle present)
vexende (participle present)
vexed (participle past)
yvexed (participle past)

English: vex

Scots: vex

From Old French vexer, from Latin vēxō, vēxāre.

(law) To bring legal action (against someone)


breden

breden (infinitive)
to breden (infinitive)
brede (infinitive)
brede (first-person present singular)
bredde (first-person past singular)
bradde (first-person past singular)
bredest (present second-person singular)
breddest (past second-person singular)
braddest (past second-person singular)
bredeth (present singular third-person)
bredde (past singular third-person)
bradde (past singular third-person)
brede (present singular subjunctive)
bredde (past singular subjunctive)
bradde (past singular subjunctive)
brede (imperative present singular)
breden (plural present)
brede (plural present)
bredden (past plural)
bredde (past plural)
bradden (past plural)
bradde (past plural)
bredeth (imperative plural present)
brede (imperative plural present)
bredynge (participle present)
bredende (participle present)
bred (participle past)
brad (participle past)
ybred (participle past)
ybrad (participle past)

English: breed

Scots: breed

From Old English brēdan, from Proto-West Germanic *brōdijan, from Proto-Germanic *brōdijaną; equivalent to brod (“brood”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

To create; to engender or produce:
To bear; to give birth.


anoy

English: annoy

Borrowed from Old French anoi, enoi; compare anoyen and modern English ennui.


freten

enm-verb

freten (third-person singular simple present freteth, present participle fretynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative frat, past participle freten)

freteth (present singular third-person)
fretynge (participle present)
frat (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
freten (participle past)
freten (infinitive)
to freten (infinitive)
frete (infinitive)
frete (first-person present singular)
frat (first-person past singular)
fret (first-person past singular)
frette (first-person past singular)
freted (first-person past singular)
fretest (present second-person singular)
frete (past second-person singular)
frat (past second-person singular)
fret (past second-person singular)
frettest (past second-person singular)
fretedest (past second-person singular)
freteth (present singular third-person)
fret (present singular third-person)
frat (past singular third-person)
fret (past singular third-person)
frette (past singular third-person)
freted (past singular third-person)
frete (present singular subjunctive)
frete (past singular subjunctive)
frette (past singular subjunctive)
freted (past singular subjunctive)
frete (imperative present singular)
freten (plural present)
frete (plural present)
freten (past plural)
frete (past plural)
fretten (past plural)
frette (past plural)
freteden (past plural)
fretede (past plural)
freteth (imperative plural present)
frete (imperative plural present)
fretynge (participle present)
fretende (participle present)
freten (participle past)
yfreten (participle past)
frete (participle past)
yfrete (participle past)
fret (participle past)
yfret (participle past)
freted (participle past)
yfreted (participle past)

English: fret

Scots: frete, freet

Inherited from Old English fretan, from Proto-West Germanic *fraetan, from Proto-Germanic *fraetaną; equivalent to fret (“eating away”) + -en (infinitival suffix).
Some senses are possibly influenced by an Old French *freiter.

af

(figurative) To wear at; to annoy or injure.

To wear or abrade; to rub or chafe at:
To wear at; to annoy or injure.


sornesse

English: soreness

Scots: sairness

From Old English sārnes; equivalent to sore + -nesse.

Soreness, painfulness; the state of being sore.


impregnacioun

English: impregnation


purpel

English: purple

Scots: purpill, purple

From Old English purpel, purpul, from Latin purpura, from Ancient Greek πορφύρα (porphúra).

(medicine, rare) A purple wound or sore.


schanke

English: shank

Scots: schank, schanck

From Old English sċanca, from Proto-West Germanic *skankō, from Proto-Germanic *skankô.


bathen

enm-verb

bathen (third-person singular simple present batheth, present participle bathende, bathynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle bathed)

batheth (present singular third-person)
bathende (participle present)
bathynge (participle present)
bathed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
bathen (infinitive)
to bathen (infinitive)
bathe (infinitive)
bathe (first-person present singular)
bathed (first-person past singular)
bathest (present second-person singular)
bathedest (past second-person singular)
batheth (present singular third-person)
bathed (past singular third-person)
bathe (present singular subjunctive)
bathed (past singular subjunctive)
bathe (imperative present singular)
bathen (plural present)
bathe (plural present)
batheden (past plural)
bathede (past plural)
batheth (imperative plural present)
bathe (imperative plural present)
bathynge (participle present)
bathende (participle present)
bathed (participle past)
ybathed (participle past)

English: bathe

Scots: bathe, baith, bauthe

From Old English baþian, from Proto-West Germanic *baþōn, from Proto-Germanic *baþōną; equivalent to bath + -en (infinitival suffix). Compare bethen.


flynt

English: flint

Scots: flint

→ Welsh: fflint

From Old English flint, from Proto-Germanic *flintaz.

Any of a group of (mostly igneous) solid stones, especially flint.


wikkednesse

English: wickedness


toborstennysse

(medicine) A cavity or break in tissue; a rupture, abscess.


toȝotenysse

(Early Middle English, medicine, rare) The seeping of fluid into a cavity; effusion.


toðundennysse

(Early Middle English, medicine) A lump on the body, such as a swelling or tumor.


knyf

English: knife

Sranan Tongo: nefi

Korean: 나이프 (naipeu)

Portuguese: naifa

Samoan: naifi

Japanese: ナイフ

Scots: knyfe, knife

Yola: kunnife

French: canif

From Old English cnīf, from Old Norse knífr, from Proto-Germanic *knībaz.

A knife as a tool or instrument; the following special senses exist:


forkerven

forkerven (infinitive)
to forkerven (infinitive)
forkerve (infinitive)
forkerve (first-person present singular)
forcarf (first-person past singular)
forkervest (present second-person singular)
forcurve (past second-person singular)
forcorve (past second-person singular)
forcarf (past second-person singular)
forkerveth (present singular third-person)
forcarf (past singular third-person)
forkerve (present singular subjunctive)
forcurve (past singular subjunctive)
forcorve (past singular subjunctive)
forkerve (imperative present singular)
forkerven (plural present)
forkerve (plural present)
forcurven (past plural)
forcurve (past plural)
forcorven (past plural)
forcorve (past plural)
forkerveth (imperative plural present)
forkerve (imperative plural present)
forkervynge (participle present)
forkervende (participle present)
forcorven (participle past)
forcorve (participle past)

English: forcarve

From Old English forċeorfan. Equivalent to for- + kerven.

(rare, medicine) To make soft, to disintegrate


barneschen

barneschen (infinitive)
to barneschen (infinitive)
barnesche (infinitive)
barnesche (first-person present singular)
barnesched (first-person past singular)
barneschest (present second-person singular)
barneschedest (past second-person singular)
barnescheth (present singular third-person)
barnesched (past singular third-person)
barnesche (present singular subjunctive)
barnesched (past singular subjunctive)
barnesche (imperative present singular)
barneschen (plural present)
barnesche (plural present)
barnescheden (past plural)
barneschede (past plural)
barnescheth (imperative plural present)
barnesche (imperative plural present)
barneschynge (participle present)
barneschende (participle present)
barnesched (participle past)
ybarnesched (participle past)

Unknown; probably related to barn (“child”).

(Late Middle English, rare) To develop a visible pregnancy.


fenygreke

English: fenugreek

From Old French fenigrec, from Latin foenum graecum.

Trigonella foenum-graecum
Trigonella foenum-graecum#Translingual


venym

English: venom

Yola: vengem

A poison or venom, especially one from an animal.

(medicine) An infection or disease; a malignant presence in the body.


venym

English: venom (obsolete as an adjective)


venymoushede

(medicine) An infection; a malign tumour.


venymouste

From Old French venimosete; by surface analysis, venymous + -te.


wermode

q

< <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">wormwode</i>

English: wormwood (< wormwode)

< <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">wormet</i>

Scots: wormit (< wormet)

→ Irish: mormónta

→ Middle Welsh: wermot
Welsh: wermod

From Old English wermōd, wormōd, from Proto-West Germanic *warjamōdā. Some forms remodelled on the basis of worm + wode.

Artemisia absinthium
Artemisia absinthium#Translingual

wormwood (Artemisia absinthium or other related plants)

Something that induces bitterness or unlikeability.

And þe þꝛidde aungel trumpide .· ⁊ a greet ſterre bꝛennynge as a litil bꝛond felde fro heuene ⁊ it felde in to þe þꝛidde part of floodis .· ⁊ in to þe wellis of watris ⁊ þe name of þe ſterre is ſeid wermod ⁊ þe þꝛidde part of watris .· was maad in to wermod ⁊ manye men weren deed of þe watris .· for þo weren maad bittir

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Apocalips 8:10-11, page 120r, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

And the third angel blew his trumpet, then a great star burning like a little torch fell from heaven; it fell upon a third of [the world's] rivers and water sources. The name of the star is Wormwood, and a third of the [world's] water was turned into wormwood; many people died from that water because it'd been made bitter.

(biblical) Wormwood (object in the Book of Revelation)


tilyen

tilyen (infinitive)
to tilyen (infinitive)
tilye (infinitive)
tilye (first-person present singular)
tilyed (first-person past singular)
tilyest (present second-person singular)
tilyedest (past second-person singular)
tilyeth (present singular third-person)
tilyed (past singular third-person)
tilye (present singular subjunctive)
tilyed (past singular subjunctive)
tilye (imperative present singular)
tilyen (plural present)
tilye (plural present)
tilyeden (past plural)
tilyede (past plural)
tilyeth (imperative plural present)
tilye (imperative plural present)
tilyynge (participle present)
tilyende (participle present)
tilyed (participle past)
ytilyed (participle past)

English: till

Scots: tele, teel, teil

From Old English tilian, from Proto-Germanic *tilōną. Compare toilen.

(rare) To rid of or eliminate disease or illness.


yeten

enm-verb

yeten (third-person singular simple present yeteth, present participle yetende, yetynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative yet, past participle yoten)

yeteth (present singular third-person)
yetende (participle present)
yetynge (participle present)
yet (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
yoten (participle past)
yeten (infinitive)
to yeten (infinitive)
yete (infinitive)
yete (first-person present singular)
yet (first-person past singular)
yeted (first-person past singular)
yetest (present second-person singular)
yote (past second-person singular)
yet (past second-person singular)
yetedest (past second-person singular)
yeteth (present singular third-person)
yet (past singular third-person)
yeted (past singular third-person)
yete (present singular subjunctive)
yote (past singular subjunctive)
yeted (past singular subjunctive)
yete (imperative present singular)
yeten (plural present)
yete (plural present)
yoten (past plural)
yote (past plural)
yeteden (past plural)
yetede (past plural)
yeteth (imperative plural present)
yete (imperative plural present)
yetynge (participle present)
yetende (participle present)
yoten (participle past)
yote (participle past)
yeted (participle past)
yyoten (participle past)
yyote (participle past)
yyeted (participle past)

English: yet, ewte (dialectal), yete (obsolete), yeet

Scots: ȝet, yet, yat

q

via past participle <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">yoten</i>

⇒ English: yote (via past participle yoten) (dialectal)

From Old English gēotan, from Proto-West Germanic *geutan.

(transitive, medicine) To emit fluid from the body.

(transitive, medicine) to administer medication by drop or injection.


ballok

English: ballock, bollock

Scots: ballok

From Old English bealluc; equivalent to ball + -ok.


whele

English: wheal

From Old English *hwele; related to Old English hwelian.

A boil or wheal; a malignant lump or wound.


whelyn

whelyn (infinitive)
to whelyn (infinitive)
whele (infinitive)
whele (first-person present singular)
wheled (first-person past singular)
whelest (present second-person singular)
wheledest (past second-person singular)
wheleth (present singular third-person)
wheled (past singular third-person)
whele (present singular subjunctive)
wheled (past singular subjunctive)
whele (imperative present singular)
whelen (plural present)
whele (plural present)
wheleden (past plural)
whelede (past plural)
wheleth (imperative plural present)
whele (imperative plural present)
whelynge (participle present)
whelende (participle present)
wheled (participle past)
ywheled (participle past)

English: wheal

From Old English hwelian; equivalent to whele (“boil”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

(medicine, rare) To become pustulous and swollen.

(medicine, rare) To become septic and infected.


harneys

English: harness

Scots: harnish, herness

→ Middle Welsh: harnais

Welsh: harnais

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman harneis, from Old Norse *hernest. See Old French hernois.


walwort

English: wallwort, walwort, walewort (dated)

From Old English wealhwyrt, equivalent to wale (“outsider”) + wort (“plant”).

Sambucus ebulus
Sambucus ebulus#Translingual

danewort (The plant Sambucus ebulus, often used for medicinal purposes)


mousepese

English: mouse pea (Lathyrus pratensis)

Lathyrus linifolius
Wikispecies:Lathyrus linifolius

bitter vetch; heath pea (Lathyrus linifolius)


mousere

English: mouse-ear

Hieracium pilosella
Wikispecies:Hieracium pilosella


tothe

English: tooth

Scots: tuth, tuith


toþen

toþen (infinitive)
to toþen (infinitive)
toþe (infinitive)
toþe (first-person present singular)
toþed (first-person past singular)
toþest (present second-person singular)
toþedest (past second-person singular)
toþeth (present singular third-person)
toþed (past singular third-person)
toþe (present singular subjunctive)
toþed (past singular subjunctive)
toþe (imperative present singular)
toþen (plural present)
toþe (plural present)
toþeden (past plural)
toþede (past plural)
toþeth (imperative plural present)
toþe (imperative plural present)
toþynge (participle present)
toþende (participle present)
toþed (participle past)
ytoþed (participle past)

English: tooth


tethen

tethen (infinitive)
to tethen (infinitive)
tethe (infinitive)
tethe (first-person present singular)
tethed (first-person past singular)
tethest (present second-person singular)
tethedest (past second-person singular)
tetheth (present singular third-person)
tethed (past singular third-person)
tethe (present singular subjunctive)
tethed (past singular subjunctive)
tethe (imperative present singular)
tethen (plural present)
tethe (plural present)
tetheden (past plural)
tethede (past plural)
tetheth (imperative plural present)
tethe (imperative plural present)
tethynge (participle present)
tethende (participle present)
tethed (participle past)
ytethed (participle past)

English: teethe

Scots: teethe


quenchen

enm-verb

quenchen (third-person singular simple present quencheth, present participle quenchende, quenchynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle quenched)

quencheth (present singular third-person)
quenchende (participle present)
quenchynge (participle present)
quenched (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
quenchen (infinitive)
to quenchen (infinitive)
quenche (infinitive)
quenche (first-person present singular)
quenched (first-person past singular)
quenchest (present second-person singular)
quenchedest (past second-person singular)
quencheth (present singular third-person)
quenched (past singular third-person)
quenche (present singular subjunctive)
quenched (past singular subjunctive)
quenche (imperative present singular)
quenchen (plural present)
quenche (plural present)
quencheden (past plural)
quenchede (past plural)
quencheth (imperative plural present)
quenche (imperative plural present)
quenchynge (participle present)
quenchende (participle present)
quenched (participle past)
yquenched (participle past)

English: quench

Scots: quench

Inherited from Old English cwenċan, from Proto-West Germanic *kwankijan, from Proto-Germanic *kwankijaną.

(medicine) To modify mercury to make it usable in recipes.


vendage

desctree

English: vintage
→ French: vintage
→ Polish: vintage
→ Spanish: vintage

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman vendenge (with the suffix modified after -age), from Latin vī̆ndēmia. Forms with /t/ are due to the influence of vin(i)ter.

vintage (the seasonal crop of a vineyard)


rubarbe

English: rhubarb

Scots: rhubarub

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman reubarbe, from Late Latin reubarbarum, probably from Koine Greek ῥῆον βάρβαρον (rhêon bárbaron).

der

ῥῆον βάρβαρον

A kind of plant belonging to the genus Rheum; rhubarb.


saturnous

From Saturne + -ous, from Latin Sāturnus.

Beth they war of metes that encresith sede..& suche metis ben..stronge, swete wyne & saturnous; and good wyne þat is myghty & swete, bothe whit & rede.


mynystren

enm-verb

mynystren (third-person singular simple present mynystreth, present participle mynystrende, mynystrynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle mynystred)

mynystreth (present singular third-person)
mynystrende (participle present)
mynystrynge (participle present)
mynystred (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
mynystren (infinitive)
to mynystren (infinitive)
mynystre (infinitive)
mynystre (first-person present singular)
mynystred (first-person past singular)
mynystrest (present second-person singular)
mynystredest (past second-person singular)
mynystreth (present singular third-person)
mynystred (past singular third-person)
mynystre (present singular subjunctive)
mynystred (past singular subjunctive)
mynystre (imperative present singular)
mynystren (plural present)
mynystre (plural present)
mynystreden (past plural)
mynystrede (past plural)
mynystreth (imperative plural present)
mynystre (imperative plural present)
mynystrynge (participle present)
mynystrende (participle present)
mynystred (participle past)
ymynystred (participle past)

English: minister

Scots: minister (obsolete)

Borrowed from Middle French ministrer, from Old French ministrer, from Latin ministrō; equivalent to ministre + -en (infinitival suffix).

(Christianity or medicine) To administer (a sacrament or medicine)

To give (out); to deliver:
To administer (a sacrament or medicine)


ministracioun

English: ministration

Scots: ministration (obsolete)

Borrowed from Middle French ministration, from Old French ministracïon, from Latin ministrātio; equivalent to ministre + -acioun.

bor+

Administration (especially of medicine or sacraments)


mynystrynge

English: ministering

Scots: ministring (obsolete)

(medicine, rare) The administration of medicine.


bleden

bleden (infinitive)
to bleden (infinitive)
blede (infinitive)
blede (first-person present singular)
bledde (first-person past singular)
bledest (present second-person singular)
bleddest (past second-person singular)
bledeth (present singular third-person)
bledde (past singular third-person)
blede (present singular subjunctive)
bledde (past singular subjunctive)
blede (imperative present singular)
bleden (plural present)
blede (plural present)
bledden (past plural)
bledde (past plural)
bledeth (imperative plural present)
blede (imperative plural present)
bledynge (participle present)
bledende (participle present)
bled (participle past)
ybled (participle past)

English: bleed

Scots: blede, bleid

From Old English blēdan, from Proto-Germanic *blōþijaną.

To pass away (especially from blood loss caused by injury)


gyser

English: gizzard

Borrowed from Middle French gésier, guysier, from Old French gesier, from Latin gigēria.

(Late Middle English) A gizzard or liver; an organ for processing waste.


gyserne

English: gizzern

Scots: gizzern


wombe

English: womb

Geordie English: wyem

Scots: wame, wam

From Old English womb, wamb, from Proto-West Germanic *wambu, from Proto-Germanic *wambō. The final vowel is generalised from the Old English inflected forms.

(figurative) One's diet, nutritional habits or lifestyle.

The stomach (portion of a body between the torso and the chest):

The womb or uterus; the location where a baby gestates.

The digestive organs or entrails of an organism.


wevynge

English: weaving

Scots: weavin

(anatomy, rare) An array of various interwoven threads.


spyne

English: spine

Borrowed from Old French espine and its ancestor Latin spīna, from Proto-Italic *speinā.

A spine (prickle or needle of an animal)


stiffenes

English: stiffness


schuldre

enm-noun

schuldre (plural schuldres or schuldren)

English: shoulder

desc

Middle Scots: schulder, schoulder, schouldir, schuder

Scots: shouder, shooder, shouther, shoother, shidder

Yola: shuller

From Old English sċuldra, sċuldor, from Proto-West Germanic *skuldru.

The shoulder (as a joint or bodily region):

(figurative) One's strength or carrying capacity.

And ſotheli Sem and Jafeth puttiden a mentil on her ſchuldris, and thei ȝeden bacward, and hileden the ſchameful membris of her fadir, and her faces weren turned awei, and thei ſien not the priuy membris of her fadir.

a. 1382, John Wycliffe, “Genesis 9:23”, in Wycliffe's Bible:

Due to that, Shem and Japheth put a mantle on their shoulders, and they went backwards and covered their father's nether regions, so that they didn't see their father's privates.


schuldre bon

English: shoulder bone

The scapula or shoulder bone (bone behind the shoulder).


schuldre blad

English: shoulderblade

From schuldre (“shoulder”) + blad (“leaf, blade”).

af

(rare) The scapula or shoulder bone (bone behind the shoulder).


bladdre

English: bladder

Scots: bledder, blether

Yola: blautheer

From Old English blǣdre, blǣddre, blēdre, from Proto-West Germanic *blādrā, from Proto-Germanic *blēdrǭ.

Any other bladder or sac; often used in medicine.


browe

English: brow

Geordie English: broo

Scots: broo

Inherited from Old English brū, from Proto-West Germanic *brūu, from Proto-Germanic *brūwō. The final vowel is generalised from the Old English oblique forms.

The eyebrow (line of hair above the eyes)


herne panne

English: harnpan, harn-pan

Scots: harn-pan


brayn

English: brain

Scots: brane, braine

Yola: bryne, brine, brian

From Old English bræġn, from Proto-West Germanic *bragn, from Proto-Germanic *bragną.

Brain matter; the substance the brain is made of.


brayn panne

English: brainpan, brain-pan

Scots: branepan (obsolete)

From Old English bræġenpanne; equivalent to brayn + panne.

The skull or brainpan, especially the upper portion.


kirnelly

English: kernelly

(rare) glandular, containing many glands or tumours.


swellynge

English: swelling

Scots: swallin

(medicine) A swelling or growth of a body part or injury.

(medicine) An unnatural excrescence or projection.


swelle

English: swell

(rare, medicine) A swelling or bloating.


serchour

English: searcher

Scots: saircher

/ˈsɛːrt͡ʃər/

Borrowed from Old French cercheor; equivalent to serchen + -our.

A searcher; an investigator or scrutiniser.

One who performs checkups or quality control:

A person employed by a guild to ensure adherence to guild guidelines.

A person who levies duties and examines the quality of trade goods.

(rare) An investigator of watches or postings.

A medical implement used to extract or examine.


blowynge

English: blowing

Scots: blawin

Yola: blayeen, blauyeen

Inherited from Old English blāwung; equivalent to blowen (“to blow”) + -ing.

(rare, medicine) Inflammation or swelling of a body part.


bathynge

English: bathing

(Late Middle English) The process of bathing, especially for medicinal purposes.


skynner

English: skinner

Scots: skinner

From skyn + -er; compare to Old Norse skinnari.


skynnen

enm-verb

skynnen (third-person singular simple present skynneth, present participle skynnende, skynnynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle skynned)

skynneth (present singular third-person)
skynnende (participle present)
skynnynge (participle present)
skynned (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
skynnen (infinitive)
to skynnen (infinitive)
skynne (infinitive)
skynne (first-person present singular)
skynned (first-person past singular)
skynnest (present second-person singular)
skynnedest (past second-person singular)
skynneth (present singular third-person)
skynned (past singular third-person)
skynne (present singular subjunctive)
skynned (past singular subjunctive)
skynne (imperative present singular)
skynnen (plural present)
skynne (plural present)
skynneden (past plural)
skynnede (past plural)
skynneth (imperative plural present)
skynne (imperative plural present)
skynnynge (participle present)
skynnende (participle present)
skynned (participle past)
yskynned (participle past)

English: skin

Scots: skin

From skyn + -en (infinitival suffix); compare to Old Norse skinna.

(rare) To remove the skin; to perform a circumcision.


tuskyd

English: tusked

Scots: tuskit (obsolete)


tusshe

English: tush

From Old English tūsc, from Proto-Germanic *tunþskaz. Compare tusk.


asshe

English: ash

Scots: aish, esh

From Old English æsc, from Proto-West Germanic *ask, from Proto-Germanic *askaz.


spicerie

English: spicery

Scots: spicerie

From Old French espicerie; equivalent to spicer + -ie or spice + -erie.

A spice or spices; ground substances used as flavouring:

Spices used for their scents, aromas, or smells.

Spices used for their (purported) medical effects.

Spices used for the embalmment dead bodies.


ȝerde

English: yard, yerd

Scots: yaird, yeard, yird

Inherited from Old English ġerd, from Proto-West Germanic *gaʀdi, from Proto-Germanic *gazdijō. related to Polish żerdź from Proto-Slavic *žьrdь ("perch, pole, ricker").

A bar or rod; a long, skinny piece of material:

A bar used to stop a joint from moving; a splint.

One's penis or phallus; the main sexual organ of a male.


schaver

English: shaver

(rare, Late Middle English) A haircutter; one who cuts peoples' hair.


schavynge

English: shaving

Scratching, filing, razoring, abrasion; the process of removing material


hacchen

hacchen (infinitive)
to hacchen (infinitive)
hacche (infinitive)
hacche (first-person present singular)
hacched (first-person past singular)
haughte (first-person past singular)
hacchest (present second-person singular)
hacchedest (past second-person singular)
haughtest (past second-person singular)
haccheth (present singular third-person)
hacched (past singular third-person)
haughte (past singular third-person)
hacche (present singular subjunctive)
hacched (past singular subjunctive)
haughte (past singular subjunctive)
hacche (imperative present singular)
hacchen (plural present)
hacche (plural present)
haccheden (past plural)
hacchede (past plural)
haughten (past plural)
haughte (past plural)
haccheth (imperative plural present)
hacche (imperative plural present)
hacchynge (participle present)
hacchende (participle present)
hacched (participle past)
haught (participle past)
yhacched (participle past)
yhaught (participle past)

English: hatch

From Old English hæċċan, from Proto-West Germanic *hakkjan, from Proto-Germanic *hakjaną.


toppyng

English: topping

Scots: tappin

(rare, Late Middle English) A attachment for the top of a candle.


botme

desctree

English: bottom, botton (dialectal)
→ Dutch: bottom
→ French: bottom

desc

Scots: boddem, boddum, boddam, boddom, bottome

Yola: bothom

From Old English botm, bodan, from Proto-Germanic *butmaz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰmḗn.

The lowest section of something; the bottom, especially of water:

The bottom portion of a ship's hull, or the line of wood running along it.


tayl

English: tail

Scots: tail, tale

Yola: tyel, taal

From Old English tæġl, from Proto-West Germanic *tagl, form Proto-Germanic *taglą, *taglaz.

(euphemistic) One's genitalia or nether regions.


taylende

English: tail end, tail-end, tailend


frount

English: front (see there for further descendants)

Scots: front

Borrowed from Old French front, from Latin frons.

The front; the forward side of something:

The front of the head; the face or forehead.


dokkyn

dokkyn (infinitive)
to dokkyn (infinitive)
dokke (infinitive)
dokke (first-person present singular)
dokked (first-person past singular)
dokkest (present second-person singular)
dokkedest (past second-person singular)
dokketh (present singular third-person)
dokked (past singular third-person)
dokke (present singular subjunctive)
dokked (past singular subjunctive)
dokke (imperative present singular)
dokken (plural present)
dokke (plural present)
dokkeden (past plural)
dokkede (past plural)
dokketh (imperative plural present)
dokke (imperative plural present)
dokkynge (participle present)
dokkende (participle present)
dokked (participle past)
ydokked (participle past)

English: dock

Scots: dock

(rare, Late Middle English) To lessen one's rights or capabilities.


norischen

norischen (infinitive)
to norischen (infinitive)
norische (infinitive)
norische (first-person present singular)
norisched (first-person past singular)
norischest (present second-person singular)
norischedest (past second-person singular)
norischeth (present singular third-person)
norisched (past singular third-person)
norische (present singular subjunctive)
norisched (past singular subjunctive)
norische (imperative present singular)
norischen (plural present)
norische (plural present)
norischeden (past plural)
norischede (past plural)
norischeth (imperative plural present)
norische (imperative plural present)
norischynge (participle present)
norischende (participle present)
norisched (participle past)
ynorisched (participle past)

English: nourish

Scots: nourish

From Old French nouriss-, stem of norrir, from Latin nūtriō.

To give birth; to reproduce or create offspring.

(physiology) To supply bodily organs with vital substances.


norisshyng

Child-raising; the education and preparation of young for the world (usually referring to humans)

(rare) Reproduction; giving birth or producing offspring.

(rare) The consumption of nourishment or other living requirements.

(rare) Luxuries, indulgences; goods that are not necessary.


nayl

English: nail

Scots: nail, nale

Yola: niel

(rare) An ocular malady present in humans and animals.


mygge

From Old English micga, micge; related to miȝen (“to produce urine”).


miȝen

miȝen (infinitive)
to miȝen (infinitive)
miȝe (infinitive)
miȝe (first-person present singular)
mæh (first-person past singular)
meh (first-person past singular)
myhst (present second-person singular)
miȝe (past second-person singular)
mæh (past second-person singular)
meh (past second-person singular)
myhþ (present singular third-person)
mæh (past singular third-person)
meh (past singular third-person)
miȝe (present singular subjunctive)
miȝe (past singular subjunctive)
miȝe (imperative present singular)
miȝen (plural present)
miȝe (plural present)
miȝen (past plural)
miȝe (past plural)
miȝeþ (imperative plural present)
miȝe (imperative plural present)
miȝende (participle present)
miȝen (participle past)
ȝemiȝen (participle past)
imiȝen (participle past)

(Early Middle English) To produce urine; to urinate.


pissere

English: pisser


pyssynge

English: pissing

Scots: pishin


pocioun

English: potion

Scots: potion

Borrowed from Old French pocion, borrowed itself from Latin pōtiō; doublet of pocioun, which Old French inherited from the same Latin source.

A liquid medicine or remedy; a medicinal solution.


lether

desctree

English: leather
Tok Pisin: let
→ Esperanto: ledo
→ Ido: ledro

Scots: lether, ledder, leither

Yola: luther (verb)

Inherited from Old English leþer, from Proto-West Germanic *leþr, from Proto-Germanic *leþrą, from Proto-Indo-European *letróm.

(rare, Late Middle English) An ocular tumor.


visioun

English: vision

Scots: veesion

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman visioun, from Latin vīsiōnem, accusative singular of vīsiō.

A vision; an illusory image, apparition or mirage.


fumosite

English: fumosity (obsolete)

Borrowed from Old French fumosité, from Latin fūmōsitās (which some forms are directly from); equivalent to fumous + -ite.

(physiology) Bodily fumes that purportedly cause an ailment or mood.


aqua vite

desc

> English: aqua vitae, aqua vitæ (inherited)

A kind of brandy (often flavoured with spices).


whelpen

whelpen (infinitive)
to whelpen (infinitive)
whelpe (infinitive)
whelpe (first-person present singular)
whelped (first-person past singular)
whelpest (present second-person singular)
whelpedest (past second-person singular)
whelpeth (present singular third-person)
whelped (past singular third-person)
whelpe (present singular subjunctive)
whelped (past singular subjunctive)
whelpe (imperative present singular)
whelpen (plural present)
whelpe (plural present)
whelpeden (past plural)
whelpede (past plural)
whelpeth (imperative plural present)
whelpe (imperative plural present)
whelpynge (participle present)
whelpende (participle present)
whelped (participle past)
ywhelped (participle past)

English: whelp

From Old English hwelpian; equivalent to whelp + -en (infinitival suffix).

(referring to animals) To give birth; to bear a litter or whelp.


sethen

sethen (infinitive)
to sethen (infinitive)
sethe (infinitive)
sethe (first-person present singular)
seth (first-person past singular)
soth (first-person past singular)
sethest (present second-person singular)
sothe (past second-person singular)
sode (past second-person singular)
seth (past second-person singular)
soth (past second-person singular)
setheth (present singular third-person)
seth (present singular third-person)
seth (past singular third-person)
soth (past singular third-person)
sethe (present singular subjunctive)
sothe (past singular subjunctive)
sode (past singular subjunctive)
sethe (imperative present singular)
sethen (plural present)
sethe (plural present)
sothen (past plural)
sothe (past plural)
soden (past plural)
sode (past plural)
setheth (imperative plural present)
sethe (imperative plural present)
sethynge (participle present)
sethende (participle present)
soden (participle past)
sode (participle past)
ysoden (participle past)
ysode (participle past)

English: seethe (sodden is from the former past participle)

Scots: seth, seith, seethe (sodden is from the former past participle)

From Old English sēoþan, from Proto-Germanic *seuþaną; a cognate of Middle Low German sēden, Middle Dutch sieden, Middle High German sieden, and Old Swedish siūþa.

To break down or process one's consumed food using stomach acid; to digest.


sethyng

English: seething

Scots: seethin


rebellyng

English: rebelling

(Late Middle English) Refusal to obey authorities or rules (divine or earyhly)

(rare) An uprising or revolt against authorities

(rare, Late Middle English) Aches in one's digestive system.


growte

English: grout

Scots: grute, gruit

Inherited from Old English grūt, from Proto-Germanic *grūtą, *grutą.


gnawynge

English: gnawing

A severe pain or injury; something that causes great pain.


brewen

brewen (infinitive)
to brewen (infinitive)
brewe (infinitive)
brewe (first-person present singular)
brew (first-person past singular)
brewed (first-person past singular)
brewest (present second-person singular)
browe (past second-person singular)
brew (past second-person singular)
brewedest (past second-person singular)
breweth (present singular third-person)
brew (past singular third-person)
brewed (past singular third-person)
brewe (present singular subjunctive)
browe (past singular subjunctive)
brewed (past singular subjunctive)
brewe (imperative present singular)
brewen (plural present)
brewe (plural present)
browen (past plural)
browe (past plural)
breweden (past plural)
brewede (past plural)
breweth (imperative plural present)
brewe (imperative plural present)
brewynge (participle present)
brewende (participle present)
browen (participle past)
browe (participle past)
brewed (participle past)
ybrowen (participle past)
ybrowe (participle past)
ybrewed (participle past)

English: brew

Scots: brew

To brew; to make or be involved in making alcoholic beverages (especially beer).


brewe

English: bree (dialectal)

Scots: brew, bree

From Old English brǣw, brēaw, brēġ, from Proto-Germanic *brēwō (besides *brūwō → Middle English browe).


brewere

English: brewer

Scots: brewer


brewhous

English: brewhouse

A brewhouse or brewery; a place for making beer.


brewestere

English: brewster

Scots: browster


stynge

English: sting

Scots: sting

Inherited from Old English sting, stincg, from Proto-Germanic *stungiz.

A sting; the pain caused by a stinger or any analogous pain.


styngyng

English: stinging

A sting; the pain caused by a stinging or similar pain.


writhyng

English: writhing


kemben

enm-verb

kemben (third-person singular simple present kembeth, present participle kembynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative kempte, past participle kempt)

kembeth (present singular third-person)
kembynge (participle present)
kempte (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
kempt (participle past)
kemben (infinitive)
to kemben (infinitive)
kembe (infinitive)
kembe (first-person present singular)
kembed (first-person past singular)
kempte (first-person past singular)
kembest (present second-person singular)
kembedest (past second-person singular)
kemptest (past second-person singular)
kembeth (present singular third-person)
kembed (past singular third-person)
kempte (past singular third-person)
kembe (present singular subjunctive)
kembed (past singular subjunctive)
kempte (past singular subjunctive)
kembe (imperative present singular)
kemben (plural present)
kembe (plural present)
kembeden (past plural)
kembede (past plural)
kempten (past plural)
kempte (past plural)
kembeth (imperative plural present)
kembe (imperative plural present)
kembynge (participle present)
kembende (participle present)
kembed (participle past)
kempt (participle past)
ykembed (participle past)
ykempt (participle past)

English: kemb (obsolete except for kempt, unkempt), comb (remodelled on the noun)

Scots: kem, keme

Yola: khimed (preterite)

From Old English cemban, from Proto-West Germanic *kambijan, from Proto-Germanic *kambijaną.

But first he cheweth greyn and lycorys / To smellen sweete, er he hadde kembd his heer.

a. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Knight's Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, lines 3690–3691:

Though first he chews spices and licorice, / To smell sweet before he'd combed his hair.

To comb or brush one's hair; to use a comb.


hayle

English: hail

Scots: hail

From Old English hæġl, hæġel, hagol, from Proto-Germanic *haglaz (“hail”).

(rare, medicine) A tumor situated near the eye.


elbowe

English: elbow

Scots: elbuck

Yola: helbough, helboge

From Old English elnboga, elboga, from Proto-Germanic *alinabugô; equivalent to elne + bowe.

(rare) A tassel suspended from the elbow.


chyne

English: chine (chink)

Scots: chin, chun

From Old English ċine, ċinu, from Proto-West Germanic *kinu, from Proto-Germanic *kinō. Forms with /iː/ are influenced by chynen.

(pathology) opening (of an injury or wound)


chyne

English: chine

From Old French eschine, from Frankish *skinu, from Proto-Germanic *skinō. Doublet of schyne (“shin”).


thenoun

Borrowed from Latin tenōn, from Ancient Greek τένων (ténōn).


posicioun

English: position

Borrowed from Old French posicion, from Latin positiō.

(surgery) Position or location on the body.


disposicioun

q

obsolete <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">dispotion</i>

English: disposition (obsolete dispotion)

Borrowed from Middle French disposition, from Old French disposition, from Latin dispositiō; equivalent to dis- + posicioun.

Preparing or readying; the act of making oneself ready.

The state of being able to direct, instruct, or command; control.

The state of being able to make decisions or choices.

A directive, instruction, or command; an act of those in power.


imposicioun

English: imposition

Borrowed from Old French imposicion, from Latin impositiō; equivalent to in- + posicioun.

(rare, surgery) Entering, putting something inside.


sotilen

sotilen (infinitive)
to sotilen (infinitive)
sotile (infinitive)
sotile (first-person present singular)
sotiled (first-person past singular)
sotilest (present second-person singular)
sotiledest (past second-person singular)
sotileth (present singular third-person)
sotiled (past singular third-person)
sotile (present singular subjunctive)
sotiled (past singular subjunctive)
sotile (imperative present singular)
sotilen (plural present)
sotile (plural present)
sotileden (past plural)
sotilede (past plural)
sotileth (imperative plural present)
sotile (imperative plural present)
sotilynge (participle present)
sotilende (participle present)
sotiled (participle past)
ysotiled (participle past)

Borrowed from Old French sotiliier, from Late Latin subtīliō; equivalent to sotil + -en (infinitival suffix).

(medicine) To lessen someone's food intake.


situacioun

English: situation

Borrowed from Middle French situation, from Medieval Latin situātio.


spewen

enm-verb

spewen (third-person singular simple present speweth, present participle spewende, spewynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle spewed)

speweth (present singular third-person)
spewende (participle present)
spewynge (participle present)
spewed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
spewen (infinitive)
to spewen (infinitive)
spewe (infinitive)
spewe (first-person present singular)
spewed (first-person past singular)
spewest (present second-person singular)
spewedest (past second-person singular)
speweth (present singular third-person)
spewed (past singular third-person)
spewe (present singular subjunctive)
spewed (past singular subjunctive)
spewe (imperative present singular)
spewen (plural present)
spewe (plural present)
speweden (past plural)
spewede (past plural)
speweth (imperative plural present)
spewe (imperative plural present)
spewynge (participle present)
spewende (participle present)
spewed (participle past)
spowen (participle past)
spowe (participle past)
yspewed (participle past)

English: spew

Scots: spew

From Old English spīwan (strong class 1).

To spew (regurgitate partially-digested food)


spewynge

English: spewing

Scots: spewin


cirurgien

English: chirurgeon (altered after Latin and Greek)

Borrowed from Old French cirurgiien, borrowed itself from Vulgar Latin *chīrurgiānus, from chīrurgia; equivalent to cirurgie + -ien. Doublet of surgien.

A surgeon; one who practices the art of surgery.


cirurgie

English: chirurgy (altered after Latin and Greek)

Borrowed from Old French cirurgie, borrowed itself from Latin chīrurgia. Doublet of surgerie. At least one form has been remodelled to incorporate the suffix -erie (a process that happened already before the word was borrowed into Middle English).

surgery (the part of medicine related to performing surgical operations)


surgerie

English: surgery

Borrowed from Old French surgerie; a modification of surgie, from Latin chīrurgia. Doublet of cirurgie. Almost all forms have been remodelled to incorporate the suffix -erie (a process that happened already before the word was borrowed into Middle English).


hornynge

English: horning

(surgery) The utilisation of a horn for suction.


flewme

desc

dialectal <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">fleam</i>

English: phlegm (dialectal fleam)

Scots: fleem

From Old French fleume, from Latin phlegma, from Ancient Greek φλέγμα (phlégma). For the change of /ɛu̯/ to /ɛː/ before /m/, compare rewme.

medicinal humors: humour: coler · flewme · malencolie · sanguine [edit]

Phlegm, sputum or a similar mucous substance; material coughed up.


fleumatik

English: phlegmatic (remodelled after Latin)

From Old French fleumatique, from Latin phlegmāticus.

medicinal humor adjectives: humour: colerik · fleumatik · malencolik · sanguine [edit]

Phlegmatic; containing or made of the humour of phlegm.

Caused by an overabundance or overflow of phlegm; made due to too much phlegm.

(rare) Generating, creating or making phlegm.


malencolie

English: melancholy (remodelled after Latin)

From Old French melancolie, from Late Latin melancholia, from Ancient Greek μελαγχολία (melankholía). Many forms of this word show influence from Old French mal (“bad”).

Black bile as one of the four cardinal humours believed to influence health and mood.

A supposed affliction caused by an excessive amount or quantity of black bile.


malencolie

Scots: melancholy (remodelled after Latin)

Yola: malaunchly (remodelled after Latin)

Tending to be under the influence of black bile.

Made of or containing black bile or melancholy.

Having one's mood changed by black bile; depressed or raging.

(rare) Due to the influence of black bile.


malencolik

English: melancholic (remodelled after Greek)

From Old French melancolique, from Ancient Greek μελαγχολικός (melankholikós); equivalent to malencolie + -ik.

der

μελαγχολικός


malencolious

English: melancholious (obsolete)

From Middle French melancolieus; equivalent to malencolie + -ous.


colerik

English: choleric

From Old French colerique, from Latin cholericus; equivalent to coler (“choler”) + -ik.

Having an extreme and dangerous quantity of yellow bile.

Due to the influence or presence of yellow bile.

14th c., Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales, General Prologue, line 589,
The REVE was a sclendre colerik man.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Having one's mood changed by yellow bile; easily angered.

(rare) Made of or containing yellow bile or choler.

(rare) Under the influence of or governed by yellow bile.

(rare) Having a proclivity to promote black bile.


ooneyed

English: one-eyed

Scots: ane-eit, aan eet

From Old English ānēġed, from Proto-Germanic *ainaugidaz. Equivalent to oon + eyed.


terebentyne

English: turpentine

Scots: torpity (obsolete)

From Old French terbentine, turbentine, from Latin terebinthina; equivalent to therebynte + -ine.

Turpentine or a pharmaceutical made from it.


governail

English: governail (archaic)

Middle Scots: governall

Borrowed from Middle French governail, from Old French governail, governaille, from Latin gubernāculum.

(rare, medicine) A restorative course of action.


governynge

English: governing

(medicine) The practice of giving out a restorative course of action.

(physiology, rare) The effect exerted by a part of the body on another.


fantome

English: phantom, phantasm

Scots: phanton

Borrowed from Old French fantesme, fantosme, from Latin phantasma, from Ancient Greek φάντασμα (phántasma).

(rare, medicine) A hallucination or delirium brought on by illness.


bakbon

English: backbone

Scots: backbane


gounde

q

dialectal <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">gund</i>

English: gound (dialectal gund)

From Old English gund, from Proto-Germanic *gundaz.

Gum that is deposited in sore eyes; gound.


columpne

English: column

Scots: column

From Old French columne, from Latin columna.


tretys

From Old French traitiz, from Vulgar Latin *tractīcius.

Ful semyly hir wympul pynched was /Hir nose tretys, hir eyen greye as glas[…]

a. 1394, Geoffrey Chaucer, “General Prologue”, in The Canterbury Tales, lines 151–152:

Her wimple was folded in quite a seemly way / Her nose [was] slender; her eyes [were] grey like glass […]

(usually of a visage or one's nose) Having seemly or attractive proportions; i.e. slender.


glasy

English: glassy

Scots: glessy, glessie

Resembling glass; glasslike or glassy:
(of mucus) Opaque, runny and greyish.

Resembling glass; glasslike or glassy:
Opaque, runny and greyish.


gronen

gronen (infinitive)
to gronen (infinitive)
grone (infinitive)
grone (first-person present singular)
groned (first-person past singular)
gronest (present second-person singular)
gronedest (past second-person singular)
groneth (present singular third-person)
groned (past singular third-person)
grone (present singular subjunctive)
groned (past singular subjunctive)
grone (imperative present singular)
gronen (plural present)
grone (plural present)
groneden (past plural)
gronede (past plural)
groneth (imperative plural present)
grone (imperative plural present)
gronynge (participle present)
gronende (participle present)
groned (participle past)
ygroned (participle past)

English: groan

Scots: grane, grain

Inherited from Old English grānian, from Proto-West Germanic *grainōn, from Proto-Germanic *grainōną, a derivative of *grīnaną (which didn't leave any descendants in Middle English).

gloss

(rare) To pass away; to suffer from death.


grunten

enm-verb

grunten (third-person singular simple present grunteth, present participle gruntynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative grunte, past participle grunt)

grunteth (present singular third-person)
gruntynge (participle present)
grunte (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
grunt (participle past)
grunten (infinitive)
to grunten (infinitive)
grunte (infinitive)
grunte (first-person present singular)
grunte (first-person past singular)
grunted (first-person past singular)
gruntest (present second-person singular)
gruntest (past second-person singular)
gruntedest (past second-person singular)
grunteth (present singular third-person)
grunte (past singular third-person)
grunted (past singular third-person)
grunte (present singular subjunctive)
grunte (past singular subjunctive)
grunted (past singular subjunctive)
grunte (imperative present singular)
grunten (plural present)
grunte (plural present)
grunten (past plural)
grunte (past plural)
grunteden (past plural)
gruntede (past plural)
grunteth (imperative plural present)
grunte (imperative plural present)
gruntynge (participle present)
gruntende (participle present)
grunt (participle past)
grunted (participle past)

English: grunt

Scots: grunt

Inherited from Old English grunnettan, from Proto-West Germanic *grunnattjan, from Proto-Germanic *grunnatjaną. Equivalent to groynen + -ten.


gruntynge

English: grunting


snowte

English: snout

Scots: snout, snoot

→ English: snoot

From Middle Dutch snute or Middle Low German snute; both ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *snūt.

The facial features or appearance of a person; how one's face looks.


coroune

English: crown (see there for further descendants)

Scots: croun, croon

→ Welsh: coron

From Anglo-Norman coroune, curune, corone, from Latin corōna, from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē).

⁊ in þe cumpas of þe ſeete.· weren foure ⁊ twentı ſmale ſeetıs ⁊ abouen þe troones foure ⁊ twentı eldere men ſıttynge. hılıd aboute wıþ whıte cloþıs.· ⁊ in þe heedıs of hem golden coꝛouns

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Apocalips 4:4, page 118v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010

And around the perimeter of the seat there were twenty-four small seats, and on those seats twenty-four elders sat, wearing white clothing and having golden crowns on their heads.

An important, symbolic, or significant piece of headwear:

A coronet or tiara; headgear of lesser (religious or secular) leaders.


crownynge

English: crowning

(rare) The placing of a wreath on one's head.


coronement

English: crownment

From Old French coronement, coronemant; equivalent to corounen + -ment.

(rare) The placing of a wreath or halo on one's head.


taphose

From tappe and a second element, possibly hose.

(rare) A sieve placed over a spout of a container holding mash.


hornesse

Inherited from Old English hārnes; equivalent to hor (“hoar”) + -nesse.


horynesse

English: hoariness

(rare) The state of being hoary; hoariness.


angren

angren (infinitive)
to angren (infinitive)
angre (infinitive)
angre (first-person present singular)
angred (first-person past singular)
angrest (present second-person singular)
angredest (past second-person singular)
angreth (present singular third-person)
angred (past singular third-person)
angre (present singular subjunctive)
angred (past singular subjunctive)
angre (imperative present singular)
angren (plural present)
angre (plural present)
angreden (past plural)
angrede (past plural)
angreth (imperative plural present)
angre (imperative plural present)
angrynge (participle present)
angrende (participle present)
angred (participle past)
yangred (participle past)

English: anger

Scots: anger

Yola: angerth (adj.)

From Old Norse angra; equivalent to anger (“distress, annoyance, anger”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

(rare) To hurt; to inflict injury or afflictions upon someone.

(rare) To cause to be inflamed or swollen (of injuries).


ciser

→ English: cyser

From Medieval Latin sīcera, from Ancient Greek σίκερα (síkera), from Hebrew שֵׁכָר (šēḵār). Doublet of sider.

der

Hebrew שֵׁכָר (šēḵār)

Any alcoholic beverage of great strength and potency.


senevey

English: senvy (obsolete)

From Old French senevé, senevei, from Vulgar Latin *sināpātium.

An oþer parable iheſus puttide foꝛþ to hem. / ⁊ ſeide / þe kyngdom of heuenes is lijk to a coꝛn of ſeneuey · which a man took ⁊ ſewe in his feeld · / which is þe leeſt of alle ſeedis / but whanne it haþ woxen .· it is the mooſt of alle woꝛtis · ⁊ is maad a tre / ſo þe bꝛiddis of þe eir comen ⁊ dwellen in þe bowis þerof.

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 13:31-32, page 6v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

Jesus put another parable forwards to them, saying: "The Kingdom of Heaven is like a mustard seed that a person took and sowed in their field; / it is the smallest of all seeds, but when it has grown, it is the largest of all plants; it becomes a tree, so the birds of the air come and nest in its branches."

mustard or its seed (often used in cuisine and medicine)


comyn

English: cumin

From Old English cymen and Old French cummin, both from Latin cumīnum, from Ancient Greek κύμινον (kúminon), a Semitic borrowing ultimately from Akkadian 𒂵𒈬𒉡 (Ú.GAMUN /kamūnu/, “cumin”).

Whether whanne he hath maad euene the face therof, ſchal he not ſowe ȝith, and ſprenge abrood comyn? and he ſchal not ſette wheete bi ordre, and barli, and mylium, and fetchis in his cooſtis? / And his God ſchal teche hym, in doom he ſchal teche hym.

a. 1382, John Wycliffe, “Isaiah 28:25-26”, in Wycliffe's Bible^(https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(Wycliffe)/Isaiah#Chapter_28):

When he's made the surface of that (the earth) even, shouldn't he sow it, and sprinkle cumin on top of it? And shouldn't he put wheat where it goes, and barley, millet, and vetch in its nature? / And his God will teach him; in judgement he will teach him.

Cumin or its seed, often used in cuisine and medicine.


scheltroun

English: sheltron; shelter (possibly)

Middle Scots: schiltrum

From Old English sċildtruma, sċeltruma; equivalent to scheld + trome.


childberyng

English: childbearing, child-bearing


child bed

English: childbed


towayle

English: towel (see there for further descendants)

Scots: toul, tool, tooel

→ Irish: tuáille

From Old French toaille, from Early Medieval Latin toallia, from Frankish *þwahilu.


heedles

English: headless

Scots: heidless

From Old English hēafodlēas; equivalent to heed + -les.


bonwort

Inherited from Old English bānwyrt; equivalent to bon + wort.

Any plant used to resolve bone fractures (often daisy).


narwenesse

English: narrowness

An instance of narrowness (especially breathing obstructions)

Unimportance, irrelevance; lack of magnitude.


almerie

desc

English: ambry, almery, aumbrie, aumbry, ambery

Scots: aumry, amry, amery, aumbry, ambry

From Anglo-Norman almarie, aumer, etc., from Old French almarie, from Latin armārium.


syngyng

English: singing

Scots: singin

(rare) The sound of wine undergoing fermentation.


flouren

flouren (infinitive)
to flouren (infinitive)
floure (infinitive)
floure (first-person present singular)
floured (first-person past singular)
flourest (present second-person singular)
flouredest (past second-person singular)
floureth (present singular third-person)
floured (past singular third-person)
floure (present singular subjunctive)
floured (past singular subjunctive)
floure (imperative present singular)
flouren (plural present)
floure (plural present)
floureden (past plural)
flourede (past plural)
floureth (imperative plural present)
floure (imperative plural present)
flourynge (participle present)
flourende (participle present)
floured (participle past)
yfloured (participle past)

English: flower, flour

Scots: flour

From Anglo-Norman florir, flurir, from Late Latin flōrīre, from Latin flōrēre.


flourdelis

English: fleur-de-lis (influenced by modern French fleur de lys)

From Anglo-Norman flour de lis (“lily flower”).


þigh

English: thigh

Scots: thee


emeroides

desc

English: hemorrhoids, haemorrhoids, emerods

From Old French emorroides, from Latin haemorrhoidae, from Ancient Greek αἱμορροΐς (haimorrhoḯs).


vynolent

English: vinolent


vyntener

English: vintner

A variant of viniter, from Old French vineter, vinetier (“wine-merchant, grape-harvester”), from Medieval Latin vīnētārius (“wine dealer”).


viniter

Borrowed from Old French vineter, vinetier (“wine-merchant, grape-harvester”), from Medieval Latin vīnētārius (“wine dealer”). Compare vyntener.


viniterie

English: vintry


vyneȝerd

English: vineyard

Scots: vinyaird

From Old English wīnġeard, from Proto-Germanic *wīnagardaz; remodeled after vine + yerd.


vyne-tre

English: vinetree, winetree

From Old English wīntrēow, from Proto-Germanic *wīnatrewą; sometimes remodeled after vine + tre.


wyny

English: winy, winey


wyndronken

English: winedrunken, winedrunk

From Old English wīndruncen, from Proto-Germanic *wīnadrunkanaz; equivalent to wyn + drunken.


wyndrawer

From wyn (“wine”) + drawer (“transporter”).


verveyne

English: vervain

From Old French verveine, from Latin verbēna.

Verbena officinalis
Verbena officinalis#Translingual

vervain (Verbena officinalis or a relative, often used in cuisine or medicine)


hors her

English: horsehair


vergeous

English: verjuice

From Old French verjus; equivalent to vert + jus. Compare vert sauce.

verjuice (often used as sauce or medicine)


orpyment

English: orpiment

From Old French orpiment, from Latin auripigmentum.

orpiment (as used in alchemy and medicine)


paunche

English: paunch

Scots: painch

From Old French pance, from Latin panticem, accusative of pantex. Doublet of paunce.


moistnesse

English: moistness


faxwax

English: paxwax

From fax (“head hair”) + waxen (“to grow”).

The nuchal ligament (supporting the back of the neck)


vexacioun

English: vexation

from Old French vexacion, from Latin vexātiō; equivalent to vexen + -acioun.


sculle

English: skull

gl

forms with -t merger with or from Old Norse <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">skoltr</i>

Scots: scull, skult, skolt (forms with -t merger with or from Old Norse skoltr)

Origin uncertain. Likely from Old Norse *skulli, a variant of skalli (“bald head, skull”). Compare dialectal Swedish skulle (“skull”). Compare also Old Norse skoltr (“browridge”), Norwegian skolt (“skull, pate”).


concepcioun

English: conception

Borrowed from Old French conception, from Latin conceptiō.


conceyven

conceyven (infinitive)
to conceyven (infinitive)
conceyve (infinitive)
conceyve (first-person present singular)
conceyved (first-person past singular)
conceyvest (present second-person singular)
conceyvedest (past second-person singular)
conceyveth (present singular third-person)
conceyved (past singular third-person)
conceyve (present singular subjunctive)
conceyved (past singular subjunctive)
conceyve (imperative present singular)
conceyven (plural present)
conceyve (plural present)
conceyveden (past plural)
conceyvede (past plural)
conceyveth (imperative plural present)
conceyve (imperative plural present)
conceyvynge (participle present)
conceyvende (participle present)
conceyved (participle past)
yconceyved (participle past)

English: conceive

From Old French concevoir, from Latin concipiō.


brawne

English: brawn

Scots: bran

From Old French braon, from Frankish *brādon, *brādan, accusative form of *brādō, from Proto-Germanic *brēdô (“meat, roast”). Doublet of brede (“roasted meat”).


pyntel

English: pintle

Scots: pintle

From Old English pintel, from Proto-Germanic *pint-.


indignacioun

English: indignation

From Old French indignation, from Latin indignātiō; compare endeynen.


disdeynen

disdeynen (infinitive)
to disdeynen (infinitive)
disdeyne (infinitive)
disdeyne (first-person present singular)
disdeyned (first-person past singular)
disdeynest (present second-person singular)
disdeynedest (past second-person singular)
disdeyneth (present singular third-person)
disdeyned (past singular third-person)
disdeyne (present singular subjunctive)
disdeyned (past singular subjunctive)
disdeyne (imperative present singular)
disdeynen (plural present)
disdeyne (plural present)
disdeyneden (past plural)
disdeynede (past plural)
disdeyneth (imperative plural present)
disdeyne (imperative plural present)
disdeynynge (participle present)
disdeynende (participle present)
disdeyned (participle past)

English: disdain

Scots: disdain

Borrowed from Old French desdeignier; equivalent to dis- + deynen. Compare deynen (“to disdain”).


disdeyne

English: disdain

Scots: disdain

Borrowed from Old French desdeigne; compare deyne.

(rare, pathology) The inflammation of a wound.


ydole

English: idol

Scots: eedol

Borrowed from Old French idole, idele, from Latin īdōlum, from Ancient Greek εἴδωλον (eídōlon).

(rare, technical) An image formed at the eye.


farowen

farowen (infinitive)
to farowen (infinitive)
farowe (infinitive)
farowe (first-person present singular)
farowed (first-person past singular)
farowest (present second-person singular)
farowedest (past second-person singular)
faroweth (present singular third-person)
farowed (past singular third-person)
farowe (present singular subjunctive)
farowed (past singular subjunctive)
farowe (imperative present singular)
farowen (plural present)
farowe (plural present)
faroweden (past plural)
farowede (past plural)
faroweth (imperative plural present)
farowe (imperative plural present)
farowynge (participle present)
farowende (participle present)
farowed (participle past)
yfarowed (participle past)

English: farrow

From *farow (“farrow”) + -en (infinitival suffix), possibly through an Old English *feargian, formed from fearh.


sched

q

dialectal <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">shode</i>

English: shed (dialectal shode)

Scots: shed

A conflation of Old English sċēada and ġesċēad; compare scheden.

(Early Middle English) Judgement, discernment.


wynden

enm-verb

wynden (third-person singular simple present wyndeth, present participle wyndynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative wand, past participle wounden)

wyndeth (present singular third-person)
wyndynge (participle present)
wand (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
wounden (participle past)
winden (infinitive)
to winden (infinitive)
winde (infinitive)
winde (first-person present singular)
wand (first-person past singular)
wound (first-person past singular)
windest (present second-person singular)
wounde (past second-person singular)
wand (past second-person singular)
wound (past second-person singular)
windeth (present singular third-person)
wint (present singular third-person)
wand (past singular third-person)
wound (past singular third-person)
winde (present singular subjunctive)
wounde (past singular subjunctive)
winde (imperative present singular)
winden (plural present)
winde (plural present)
wounden (past plural)
wounde (past plural)
windeth (imperative plural present)
winde (imperative plural present)
windynge (participle present)
windende (participle present)
wounden (participle past)
wounde (participle past)
ywounden (participle past)
ywounde (participle past)

English: wind

Scots: wind, wund, win, wun

From Old English windan, from Proto-West Germanic *windan, from Proto-Germanic *windaną.


inscicioun

English: incision

From Middle French incision, from Latin incisiō.


talow

English: tallow

Scots: tauch, tallon

From Old English *tealg, *tealh, from Proto-West Germanic *talg, from Proto-Germanic *talgaz, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dolgʰos.

suet (the adipose tissues of an animal).


anoyen

anoyen (infinitive)
to anoyen (infinitive)
anoye (infinitive)
anoye (first-person present singular)
anoyed (first-person past singular)
anoyest (present second-person singular)
anoyedest (past second-person singular)
anoyeth (present singular third-person)
anoyed (past singular third-person)
anoye (present singular subjunctive)
anoyed (past singular subjunctive)
anoye (imperative present singular)
anoyen (plural present)
anoye (plural present)
anoyeden (past plural)
anoyede (past plural)
anoyeth (imperative plural present)
anoye (imperative plural present)
anoyynge (participle present)
anoyende (participle present)
anoyed (participle past)
yanoyed (participle past)

English: annoy

Borrowed from Old French enoiier (and variants thereof), from Late Latin inodiāre.


noyaunce

English: noyance

From Anglo-Norman noyaunce, reinforced through aphesis of anoyaunce; equivalent to noyen + -aunce.

(rare) An injury; the infliction of harm.


anoyous

English: annoyous

Borrowed from Old French enuius, anoios; equivalent to anoy + -ous.

14th c., Geoffrey Chaucer, Frederic J. Furnival (Editor), The Cambridge MS. Dd. 4. 24 or Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, London; Published by teh Chaucer Society, 1902: pg. 650, [728]

Ayeinst this horrible Synne of Accidie / and Þe brauches of the same / there is a vertu Þat is called ffortitudo or Strength / Þat is an affection / Þurgh for which a man espiseth annoyous Þynges

(rare) troublesome, challenging, annoying


noyen

noyen (infinitive)
to noyen (infinitive)
noye (infinitive)
noye (first-person present singular)
noyed (first-person past singular)
noyest (present second-person singular)
noyedest (past second-person singular)
noyeth (present singular third-person)
noyed (past singular third-person)
noye (present singular subjunctive)
noyed (past singular subjunctive)
noye (imperative present singular)
noyen (plural present)
noye (plural present)
noyeden (past plural)
noyede (past plural)
noyeth (imperative plural present)
noye (imperative plural present)
noyynge (participle present)
noyende (participle present)
noyed (participle past)
ynoyed (participle past)

English: noy (obsolete)

Scots: noy (obsolete)

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman nuier, reinforced through aphesis of anoyen. Compare anoyen.


noysom

English: noisome

From noy (“trouble, sorrow”) + -som. More at noisome.


croket

English: crocket

From Anglo-Norman croket; a doublet of crochet.


spawde

English: spauld

Scots: spaul

From Old French espalde (French épaule), from Latin spatula.


loyne

From Old French loigne, from Medieval Latin longia, longea.

(especially falconry) A cord used as a leash or restraint.


calwe

English: callow

From calw-, the oblique stem of Old English calu, from Proto-West Germanic *kalu, from Proto-Germanic *kalwaz.


muscilage

English: mucilage

Borrowed from Middle French mucilage, from Late Latin mūcilāgō.


purgynge

English: purging

Purifying; removal of impurities or extraneous matter.


lyvere

English: liver

Yola: lewer


chaufen

chaufen (infinitive)
to chaufen (infinitive)
chaufe (infinitive)
chaufe (first-person present singular)
chaufed (first-person past singular)
chaufest (present second-person singular)
chaufedest (past second-person singular)
chaufeth (present singular third-person)
chaufed (past singular third-person)
chaufe (present singular subjunctive)
chaufed (past singular subjunctive)
chaufe (imperative present singular)
chaufen (plural present)
chaufe (plural present)
chaufeden (past plural)
chaufede (past plural)
chaufeth (imperative plural present)
chaufe (imperative plural present)
chaufynge (participle present)
chaufende (participle present)
chaufed (participle past)
ychaufed (participle past)

English: chafe

Scots: chaff

Borrowed from Old French chaufer, from Latin calefacere, calfacere.


sclise

English: slice

Scots: sclice

Borrowed from Old French esclice, from esclicier.


wasshen

wasshen (infinitive)
to wasshen (infinitive)
wasshe (infinitive)
wasshe (first-person present singular)
wessh (first-person past singular)
wossh (first-person past singular)
wasshest (present second-person singular)
wesshe (past second-person singular)
wosshe (past second-person singular)
wessh (past second-person singular)
wossh (past second-person singular)
wassheth (present singular third-person)
wessh (past singular third-person)
wossh (past singular third-person)
wasshe (present singular subjunctive)
wesshe (past singular subjunctive)
wosshe (past singular subjunctive)
wasshe (imperative present singular)
wasshen (plural present)
wasshe (plural present)
wesshen (past plural)
wesshe (past plural)
wosshen (past plural)
wosshe (past plural)
wassheth (imperative plural present)
wasshe (imperative plural present)
wasshynge (participle present)
wasshende (participle present)
wasshen (participle past)
wasshe (participle past)
ywasshe (participle past)

English: wash
→ Swazi: washa

Scots: wash, wesh

From Old English wascan, from Proto-West Germanic *waskan, from Proto-Germanic *waskaną.

To wash; to clean with liquid:
(medicine) To clean a wound.

To wash; to clean with liquid:
To clean a wound.


wasshynge

English: washing

Middle Scots: wasching

Scots: washin

From Old English *wæsċing, equivalent to wasshen + -ing.

The process of washing or cleaning:
(medicine) The bathing of a wound.

The process of washing or cleaning:
The bathing of a wound.


locion

English: lotion

(rare, Late Middle English) A pharmaceutical ointment.


maturacioun

English: maturation

From Middle French maturation, from Latin maturatio; equivalent to maturen + -acioun.

(medicine) maturation (discharging of pus)

(medicine, rare) Having tendency to cause such maturation.


maturatif

enm-noun

maturatif (plural maturatives or maturatifs)

maturatives (plural)
maturatifs (plural)

English: maturative

From Middle French maturatif, from Medieval Latin mātūrātīvus; equivalent to maturen + -atyf.

(medicine) suppurative (medicine causing discharging of pus)


maturatif

English: maturative

(medicine, rare) Currently discharging pus; suppurative.


maturynge

(medicine, rare) suppurative (medicine causing discharging of pus)


maturen

maturen (infinitive)
to maturen (infinitive)
mature (infinitive)
mature (first-person present singular)
matured (first-person past singular)
maturest (present second-person singular)
maturedest (past second-person singular)
matureth (present singular third-person)
matured (past singular third-person)
mature (present singular subjunctive)
matured (past singular subjunctive)
mature (imperative present singular)
maturen (plural present)
mature (plural present)
matureden (past plural)
maturede (past plural)
matureth (imperative plural present)
mature (imperative plural present)
maturynge (participle present)
maturende (participle present)
matured (participle past)

English: mature

From Middle French maturen or its etymon Latin mātūrō.


solucioun

English: solution

Borrowed from Old French solucion, from Latin solūtiō, solūtiōnem; compare solven.


resolucioun

English: resolution

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman resolucion or its etymon Latin resolūtiō, resolūtiōnem; equivalent to re- + solucioun. Compare resolven.

(medicine) The decomposition of humours or the ability to cause it.


solven

solven (infinitive)
to solven (infinitive)
solve (infinitive)
solve (first-person present singular)
solved (first-person past singular)
solvest (present second-person singular)
solvedest (past second-person singular)
solveth (present singular third-person)
solved (past singular third-person)
solve (present singular subjunctive)
solved (past singular subjunctive)
solve (imperative present singular)
solven (plural present)
solve (plural present)
solveden (past plural)
solvede (past plural)
solveth (imperative plural present)
solve (imperative plural present)
solvynge (participle present)
solvende (participle present)
solved (participle past)
ysolved (participle past)

English: solve

(chiefly medicine) To break up; to drive out.


dissolven

dissolven (infinitive)
to dissolven (infinitive)
dissolve (infinitive)
dissolve (first-person present singular)
dissolved (first-person past singular)
dissolvest (present second-person singular)
dissolvedest (past second-person singular)
dissolveth (present singular third-person)
dissolved (past singular third-person)
dissolve (present singular subjunctive)
dissolved (past singular subjunctive)
dissolve (imperative present singular)
dissolven (plural present)
dissolve (plural present)
dissolveden (past plural)
dissolvede (past plural)
dissolveth (imperative plural present)
dissolve (imperative plural present)
dissolvynge (participle present)
dissolvende (participle present)
dissolved (participle past)

English: dissolve

Borrowed from Latin dissolvō, dissolvere; equivalent to dis- + solven. Compare dissolucioun.


resolven

enm-verb

resolven (third-person singular simple present resolveth, present participle resolvende, resolvynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle resolved)

resolveth (present singular third-person)
resolvende (participle present)
resolvynge (participle present)
resolved (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
resolven (infinitive)
to resolven (infinitive)
resolve (infinitive)
resolve (first-person present singular)
resolved (first-person past singular)
resolvest (present second-person singular)
resolvedest (past second-person singular)
resolveth (present singular third-person)
resolved (past singular third-person)
resolve (present singular subjunctive)
resolved (past singular subjunctive)
resolve (imperative present singular)
resolven (plural present)
resolve (plural present)
resolveden (past plural)
resolvede (past plural)
resolveth (imperative plural present)
resolve (imperative plural present)
resolvynge (participle present)
resolvende (participle present)
resolved (participle past)

English: resolve

Borrowed from Latin resolvō, resolvere; equivalent to re- + solven. Compare resolucioun.


achaufen

achaufen (infinitive)
to achaufen (infinitive)
achaufe (infinitive)
achaufe (first-person present singular)
achaufed (first-person past singular)
achaufest (present second-person singular)
achaufedest (past second-person singular)
achaufeth (present singular third-person)
achaufed (past singular third-person)
achaufe (present singular subjunctive)
achaufed (past singular subjunctive)
achaufe (imperative present singular)
achaufen (plural present)
achaufe (plural present)
achaufeden (past plural)
achaufede (past plural)
achaufeth (imperative plural present)
achaufe (imperative plural present)
achaufynge (participle present)
achaufende (participle present)
achaufed (participle past)

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman achaufer; equivalent to a- + chaufen.

(figurative) To inflame (an emotion or organ).


overchaufen

overchaufen (infinitive)
to overchaufen (infinitive)
overchaufe (first-person present singular)
overchaufed (first-person past singular)
overchaufest (present second-person singular)
overchaufedest (past second-person singular)
overchaufeth (present singular third-person)
overchaufed (past singular third-person)
overchaufe (present singular subjunctive)
overchaufed (past singular subjunctive)
overchaufe (imperative present singular)
overchaufen (plural present)
overchaufe (plural present)
overchaufeden (past plural)
overchaufede (past plural)
overchaufeth (imperative plural present)
overchaufe (imperative plural present)
overchaufynge (participle present)
overchaufende (participle present)
overchaufed (participle past)


mayle

English: mail

Scots: mail

Borrowed from Old French maille, from Latin macula. Doublet of macula.


malvesye

English: malvesey, malvoisie

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman malvesie, malvesey, from Old Italian Malvasia, from Ancient Greek Μονεμβασία (Monembasía). Doublet of malmesye.


malmesye

English: malmsey

Borrowed from Middle Dutch malemeseye, from Old Italian Malvasia, from Ancient Greek Μονεμβασία (Monembasía). Doublet of malvesye.


marow

English: marrow

Scots: merch, mery, mairch

Yola: marrough

From Old English mearg, from Proto-West Germanic *maʀg, from Proto-Germanic *mazgą, from Proto-Indo-European *mosgʰós.

The inside of fruits, grains, nuts, or seeds.


marowy

English: marrowy

Containing or resembling bone marrow; marrowy.


brewynge

English: brewing

brewing (the manufacture of alcoholic beverages)


tappestere

English: tapster

⇒ English: tapstress

Inherited from Old English tæppestre; equivalent to tappe (“plug”) + -estere.

Ther to he stroong was / as a Champioun / He knew the tauernes wel in euery town / And euery hoſtiler / and Tappeſtere[…]

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “Here Bygynneth the Book of the Tales of Caunt́burẏ”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 5, recto, lines 239-241:

He also was as strong as a champion; / he knew the bars well in every town, / and every innkeeper and tavernkeeper […]

A tavernkeeper or tapster; a person (originally a woman) who sells ale.


stiche

English: stitch

Scots: steek, stick

Inherited from Old English stiċe, from Proto-West Germanic *stiki, from Proto-Germanic *stikiz; compare stikke.


stichen

stichen (third-person singular simple present sticheth, present participle stichende, stichynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle stiched)

sticheth (present singular third-person)
stichende (participle present)
stichynge (participle present)
stiched (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
stichen (infinitive)
to stichen (infinitive)
stiche (first-person present singular)
stiched (first-person past singular)
stichest (present second-person singular)
stichedest (past second-person singular)
sticheth (present singular third-person)
stiched (past singular third-person)
stiche (present singular subjunctive)
stiched (past singular subjunctive)
stiche (imperative present singular)
stichen (plural present)
stiche (plural present)
sticheden (past plural)
stichede (past plural)
sticheth (imperative plural present)
stiche (imperative plural present)
stichynge (participle present)
stichende (participle present)
stiched (participle past)
ystiched (participle past)

English: stitch

Scots: steek

Inherited from Old English stiċċian (weak class 2), alteration of earlier *stiċċan (weak class 1), from Proto-West Germanic *stikkjan, from Proto-Germanic *stikjaną; equivalent to and remodelled after stiche + -en (infinitival suffix).


bareynte

Borrowed from Old French barainete (also brehaignete); equivalent to bareyne + -te.

infertility, sterility (inability to give birth)


bareynnesse

English: barrenness


bareyne

English: barren

Scots: barren

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman baraing, baraigne (continental Old French brehaigne), of unknown origin, but perhaps borrowed from a Germanic language, from Frankish *baʀ (“bare, naked”).

infertile, sterile (unable to give birth)


spryng

English: spring

Scots: spring

Originally two distinct nouns:
* Old English spring, from Proto-West Germanic *spring, from Proto-Germanic *springaz (“watersource”).
* Old English spryng, from Proto-West Germanic *sprungi, from Proto-Germanic *sprungiz (“leap”), both nouns ultimately related to *springaną.

New growth of plants or trees; a twig, shrub, or a mass of shrubs.

(rare) The growth or appearance of hair.


schaply

English: shapely

Scots: shapely

Either from Old English *ġesċeaplīċ or formed anew from schap + -ly (adjectival suffix).

(medicine) Properly-shaped; not deformed.


rubben

rubben (third-person singular simple present rubbeth, present participle rubbende, rubbynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle rubbed)

rubbeth (present singular third-person)
rubbende (participle present)
rubbynge (participle present)
rubbed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
rubben (infinitive)
to rubben (infinitive)
rubbe (infinitive)
rubbe (first-person present singular)
rubbed (first-person past singular)
rubbest (present second-person singular)
rubbedest (past second-person singular)
rubbeth (present singular third-person)
rubbed (past singular third-person)
rubbe (present singular subjunctive)
rubbed (past singular subjunctive)
rubbe (imperative present singular)
rubben (plural present)
rubbe (plural present)
rubbeden (past plural)
rubbede (past plural)
rubbeth (imperative plural present)
rubbe (imperative plural present)
rubbynge (participle present)
rubbende (participle present)
rubbed (participle past)
yrubbed (participle past)

English: rub

Scots: rub

Uncertain, though akin to Low German rubben, Saterland Frisian rubben, and Old Norse rubba. Possibly ultimately from Proto-Germanic *rubbōną, related to *reufaną.


colar bane

English: collarbone

The scherand suerd glaid to the colar bane.

c. 1475, Blind Harry, edited by James Moir, The Acts and Deidis of the Illustere and Vailȝeand Campioun Schir William Wallace, Knicht of Ellerslie, Edinburgh, London: Printed for the Society by William Blackwood and Sons, published 1889, page 15, line 414:


jawe bone

English: jawbone

And whan aymonet saw hym so wounded he gaff constans soo grete a stroke vpon the ere, that he bare it awaye wyth all the iawe bone /[…]

c. 1489, William Caxton, transl., The Right Plesaunt and Goodly Historie of the Foure Sonnes of Aymon (The English Charlemagne Romances; part XI), London: Published for the Early English Text Society by N. Trübner & Co., published 1885, page 562:


nekke bon

English: neckbone

Scots: neckbane


ryngbon

English: ringbone

Middle Scots: ringbane

From ryng (“ring”) + bon (“bone”). Old English hringbān is probably unrelated, as it means "eye socket" and there is a long gap in attestation.


stomakere

English: stomacher

From stomak + -er, possibly after Anglo-Norman *estomachier.


caudel

English: caudle; coddle

Middle Scots: caudil

Borrowed from Old Northern French caudel (Parisien chaudel), from Medieval Latin caldellum, diminutive of Latin caldus (“warm”).


hoxen

enm-verb

hoxen (third-person singular simple present hoxeth, present participle hoxende, hoxynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle hoxed)

hoxeth (present singular third-person)
hoxende (participle present)
hoxynge (participle present)
hoxed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
hoxen (infinitive)
to hoxen (infinitive)
hoxe (infinitive)
hoxe (first-person present singular)
hoxed (first-person past singular)
hoxest (present second-person singular)
hoxedest (past second-person singular)
hoxeth (present singular third-person)
hoxed (past singular third-person)
hoxe (present singular subjunctive)
hoxed (past singular subjunctive)
hoxe (imperative present singular)
hoxen (plural present)
hoxe (plural present)
hoxeden (past plural)
hoxede (past plural)
hoxeth (imperative plural present)
hoxe (imperative plural present)
hoxynge (participle present)
hoxende (participle present)
hoxed (participle past)
yhoxed (participle past)

English: hox (obsolete)

From earlier hoxenen, from the noun *hoxene (only attested as hokschyne, with alteration after schyne), from Old English hōhsinu, from hōh (“heel”) + sinu (“sinew”) (compare hough, synwe).

(rare) To hamstring; to cut the hamstring of an animal.


hokschyne

desc

English: huxen, huckson, huxon, huckshin, hucksheen (influenced by shin) (dialectal, obsolete)

Inherited from Old English hōhsinu, from Proto-West Germanic *hą̄hasinu, from Proto-Germanic *hanhasinwō; equivalent to hough (“heel”) + synwe (“sinew”).
In all attested forms, the second element has been remodelled after schyne (“shin”), though forms without this remodelling survived in Modern English dialects and the verb hoxen.

James A. H. Murray
w:James Murray (lexicographer)

Oxford English Dictionary
w:Oxford English Dictionary

Clarendon Press
w:Oxford University Press


synwe

English: sinew

Scots: sinnon, sinnen, sennin, shinnon

From the oblique forms of Old English sinu, seonu, from Proto-West Germanic *sinu, from Proto-Germanic *senawō, from Proto-Indo-European *snḗh₁wr̥; thus a doublet of nerve.
Some forms are influenced by Old Norse sin.

(specifically) An animal sinew cooked as meat.


synwy

English: sinewy

Tendonous; having tendons or a large amount of them.

(literary, rare) Possessing nerves; nerved.

(botany, rare, of leaves) Possessing veins; veined.


mysfeling

Possibly a participle of an unattested verb *mysfelen, from mys- + felen ("to think wrongly; to feel poorly"). By surface analysis, mys- + feling.

a1475, Platearis Practica brevis [Cambridge University Library MS Dd.10.44] fol. 18v, quoted in 2016, Juhani Norri, Dictionary of Medical VOcabulary in English, 1375-1550: Body Parts, Sickness, Instruments, and Medical Preperations; under "misfeeling"
Ȝyf be in þe sinewis, þan þe stoppynge & mysfyllynge [L: stupor et insensibilitas (D5va)] is in þe ouereste partes, as in þe face.


bature

English: batter

Scots: batter

→ Irish: batar

Borrowed from Middle French batture, from Old French bateure, possibly from Late Latin *battatūra; equivalent to baten (“to beat”) + -ure.

A runny fluid made of beat ingredients; batter, paste.


berdles

English: beardless

Scots: beardless

Inherited from Old English beardlēas; by surface analysis, berd + -les.


triasandri

Borrowed from Medieval Latin triasandrī, variant of triasandalī, from trias (“triad”) + sandalī (“sandalwood's”).

af

A liquid medicine made of three kinds of sandalwood.


frenetik

English: frantic; frenetic; phrenitic

Borrowed from Middle French frenetique, from Latin phrenēticus, from Ancient Greek φρενητικός (phrenētikós). Compare frenesie; see there for pronunciations with /a/.


wynken

enm-verb

wynken (third-person singular simple present wynketh, present participle wynkende, wynkynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle wynked)

wynketh (present singular third-person)
wynkende (participle present)
wynkynge (participle present)
wynked (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
wynken (infinitive)
to wynken (infinitive)
wynke (infinitive)
wynke (first-person present singular)
wynked (first-person past singular)
wynkest (present second-person singular)
wynkedest (past second-person singular)
wynketh (present singular third-person)
wynked (past singular third-person)
wynke (present singular subjunctive)
wynked (past singular subjunctive)
wynke (imperative present singular)
wynken (plural present)
wynke (plural present)
wynkeden (past plural)
wynkede (past plural)
wynketh (imperative plural present)
wynke (imperative plural present)
wynkynge (participle present)
wynkende (participle present)
wynked (participle past)

English: wink

Scots: wink

From Old English wincian, from Proto-West Germanic *winkōn. Compare wyncen.


pouten

pouten (third-person singular simple present pouteth, present participle poutende, poutynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle pouted)

pouteth (present singular third-person)
poutende (participle present)
poutynge (participle present)
pouted (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
counten (infinitive)
to counten (infinitive)
counte (first-person present singular)
counted (first-person past singular)
countest (present second-person singular)
countedest (past second-person singular)
counteth (present singular third-person)
counted (past singular third-person)
counte (present singular subjunctive)
counted (past singular subjunctive)
counte (imperative present singular)
counten (plural present)
counte (plural present)
counteden (past plural)
countede (past plural)
counteth (imperative plural present)
counte (imperative plural present)
countynge (participle present)
countende (participle present)
counted (participle past)
ycounted (participle past)

English: pout

Probably borrowed from North Germanic, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *pūtō (“swollen”).


thirlen

thirlen (third-person singular simple present thirleth, present participle thirlende, thirlynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle thirled)

thirleth (present singular third-person)
thirlende (participle present)
thirlynge (participle present)
thirled (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
thirlen (infinitive)
to thirlen (infinitive)
thirle (infinitive)
thirle (first-person present singular)
thirled (first-person past singular)
thirlest (present second-person singular)
thirledest (past second-person singular)
thirleth (present singular third-person)
thirled (past singular third-person)
thirle (present singular subjunctive)
thirled (past singular subjunctive)
thirle (imperative present singular)
thirlen (plural present)
thirle (plural present)
thirleden (past plural)
thirlede (past plural)
thirleth (imperative plural present)
thirle (imperative plural present)
thirlynge (participle present)
thirlende (participle present)
thirled (participle past)
ythirled (participle past)

English: thirl; thrill

Scots: thirl

From Old English þȳrlian; equivalent to thirl (“hole”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

(rare, anatomy) To occupy or extend into.

To enter, move or travel into:
To occupy or extend into.