brand

English: brand

Scots: brand

Yola: broan, brone

From Old English brand, brond, from Proto-West Germanic *brand, from Proto-Germanic *brandaz.


vapour

English: vapour, vapor

Scots: vapour

Yola: vaaper

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman vapour, from Latin vapor.

Fumes or vapour; a visible gaseous emission:


blast

English: blast
→ Irish: bleaist

Scots: blast

From Old English blǣst, from Proto-West Germanic *blāst(i), from Proto-Germanic *blēstuz; equivalent to blasen + -th.

The sound produced by thunder or storms.


flax

English: flax

Inherited from Old English fleax, from Proto-West Germanic *flahs, from Proto-Germanic *flahsą, from Proto-Indo-European *plek-.


bale

English: bale (archaic)

Scots: bale

Either from Old English bǣl, Old Norse bál, or a conflation of both; in any case, from Proto-Germanic *bēlą.


blase

English: blaze

desc

Scots: bleize, blase, blese, bleise, bleis, bleeze

Yola: blaze, bleaze, blease

From Old English blæse, blase, from Proto-West Germanic *blasā, from Proto-Germanic *blasǭ.

(rare) A lamp or beacon (fire used as lighting).


soot

English: soot

Scots: suit, sute

Yola: zoot

Inherited from Old English sōt, from Proto-West Germanic *sōt, from Proto-Germanic *sōtą.


fagot

English: faggot, fagot

Scots: faggot

Yola: fagoghes (plural)

Borrowed from Old French fagot; further etymology is disputed.


sooty

English: sooty

Scots: suitie, sitty, sittie


glede

English: glede, glead

Scots: gled, gleed

Inherited from Old English glida, from Proto-West Germanic *glidā, from Proto-Germanic *glidǭ; related to gliden. Forms with /ɛ/ are possibly either from an Old English variant *gleoda or due to the influence of Old Norse gleða.


glede

English: glede, glead, gleed

Scots: gleed, gleid

Inherited from Old English glēd, from Proto-West Germanic *glōdi, from Proto-Germanic *glōdiz; the final vowel is generalised from the Old English oblique cases.

"But of the fir and flaumbe funeral / In which my body brennen shal to glede,

c. 1380, Geoffrey Chaucer, “Troilus and Criseyde”, in B.A. Windeatt, editor, Troilus and Criseyde: "The Book of Troilus" by Geoffrey Chaucer, Taylor & Francis (Routledge), published 2016, page 462:


tinder

English: tinder

Scots: tunder, tundir

From Old English tynder, from Proto-Germanic *tundrą.


beten

enm-verb

beten (third-person singular simple present beteth, present participle betynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative bet, past participle beten)

beteth (present singular third-person)
betynge (participle present)
bet (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
beten (participle past)
beten (infinitive)
to beten (infinitive)
bete (infinitive)
bete (first-person present singular)
bet (first-person past singular)
bette (first-person past singular)
betest (present second-person singular)
bete (past second-person singular)
bet (past second-person singular)
bettest (past second-person singular)
beteth (present singular third-person)
bet (past singular third-person)
bette (past singular third-person)
bete (present singular subjunctive)
bete (past singular subjunctive)
bette (past singular subjunctive)
bete (imperative present singular)
beten (plural present)
bete (plural present)
beten (past plural)
bete (past plural)
betten (past plural)
bette (past plural)
beteth (imperative plural present)
bete (imperative plural present)
betynge (participle present)
betende (participle present)
beten (participle past)
bete (participle past)
bet (participle past)
ybeten (participle past)
ybete (participle past)

desctree

English: beat
→ Pennsylvania German: biede

Scots: beat, beit

Inherited from Old English bēatan, from Proto-West Germanic *bautan, from Proto-Germanic *bautaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewd-.

To beat; to repeatedly strike or hit:
To bat (wings or eyes) up and down.


beten

enm-verb

beten (third-person singular simple present beteth, present participle betynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative bette, past participle bet)

beteth (present singular third-person)
betynge (participle present)
bette (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
bet (participle past)
beten (infinitive)
to beten (infinitive)
bete (infinitive)
bete (first-person present singular)
bette (first-person past singular)
bete (first-person past singular)
betest (present second-person singular)
bettest (past second-person singular)
betest (past second-person singular)
beteth (present singular third-person)
bet (present singular third-person)
bette (past singular third-person)
bete (past singular third-person)
bete (present singular subjunctive)
bette (past singular subjunctive)
bete (past singular subjunctive)
bete (imperative present singular)
beten (plural present)
bete (plural present)
betten (past plural)
bette (past plural)
beten (past plural)
bete (past plural)
beteth (imperative plural present)
bete (imperative plural present)
betynge (participle present)
betende (participle present)
bet (participle past)
ybet (participle past)

English: beet (dialectal, obsolete)

Scots: bete, beit, beet, beat

Inherited from Old English bētan, from Proto-West Germanic *bōtijan, from Proto-Germanic *bōtijaną; some forms are remodelled on bet (“better”).

To expiate; to make amends for a sin or wrong.


fyr

English: fire

→ Japanese: ファイヤー (faiyā)

Sranan Tongo: faya

Scots: fyre, feier

Yola: vire, vier

From Old English fȳr, from Proto-West Germanic *fuir, from Proto-Germanic *fōr.


branden

branden (infinitive)
to branden (infinitive)
brande (infinitive)
brande (first-person present singular)
brante (first-person past singular)
branded (first-person past singular)
brandest (present second-person singular)
brantest (past second-person singular)
brandedest (past second-person singular)
brandeth (present singular third-person)
brante (past singular third-person)
branded (past singular third-person)
brande (present singular subjunctive)
brante (past singular subjunctive)
branded (past singular subjunctive)
brande (imperative present singular)
branden (plural present)
brande (plural present)
branten (past plural)
brante (past plural)
brandeden (past plural)
brandede (past plural)
brandeth (imperative plural present)
brande (imperative plural present)
brandynge (participle present)
brandende (participle present)
brant (participle past)
branded (participle past)
ybrant (participle past)
ybranded (participle past)

English: brand


heten

heten (third-person singular simple present heteth, present participle hetynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative hette, past participle het)

heteth (present singular third-person)
hetynge (participle present)
hette (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
het (participle past)
heten (infinitive)
to heten (infinitive)
hete (infinitive)
hete (first-person present singular)
hette (first-person past singular)
hetest (present second-person singular)
hettest (past second-person singular)
heteth (present singular third-person)
hette (past singular third-person)
hete (present singular subjunctive)
hette (past singular subjunctive)
hete (imperative present singular)
heten (plural present)
hete (plural present)
hetten (past plural)
hette (past plural)
heteth (imperative plural present)
hete (imperative plural present)
hetynge (participle present)
hetende (participle present)
het (participle past)
yhet (participle past)

English: heat

Scots: heat, haet, het

⇒ Scots: het

Inherited from Old English hǣtan, from Proto-West Germanic *haitijan, from Proto-Germanic *haitijaną; equivalent to hete (“heat”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


blasen

blasen (infinitive)
to blasen (infinitive)
blase (infinitive)
blase (first-person present singular)
blased (first-person past singular)
blasest (present second-person singular)
blasedest (past second-person singular)
blaseth (present singular third-person)
blased (past singular third-person)
blase (present singular subjunctive)
blased (past singular subjunctive)
blase (imperative present singular)
blasen (plural present)
blase (plural present)
blaseden (past plural)
blasede (past plural)
blaseth (imperative plural present)
blase (imperative plural present)
blasynge (participle present)
blasende (participle present)
blased (participle past)
yblased (participle past)

English: blaze

Scots: bleize

To blaze; to be alight or flaming with intensity.


sparke

enm-noun

sparke (plural sparkes or (early) sparken)

English: spark (see there for further descendants)

Scots: spark, sperk

From Old English spearca, from Proto-West Germanic *sparkō, perhaps from Proto-Germanic *sparkaz.


leme

English: leam

Scots: leim, leme

From Old English lēoma, from Proto-West Germanic *leuhmō.
Forms with /ɛː/ are unexpected; they may be due to the influence of beem and gleem.

Light, brightness, or an instance of it:

Firis with red lemes.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Tale of the Nonnes Preest”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:

(figuratively) Wisdom, revelation, or one who grants it.


beken

English: beacon

Scots: beikin, bekin

Inherited from Old English bēacn, bēcn, from Proto-West Germanic *baukn, from Proto-Germanic *baukną.

(rare) The structure a beacon is placed on.


matere

English: matter

Scots: matter, maitter

From Anglo-Norman matere, from Latin māteria.

One of a human body's liquids or fluids; a biofluid:

(rare) Partially digested food while sitting in the stomach.

A topic or theme; an area of knowledge or discussion:

The information or informants one draws upon for a work; the matter used as source.


gnast

English: gnast

From Old English *gnāst, from Proto-Germanic *gahnaistô.


blowen

blowen (infinitive)
to blowen (infinitive)
blowe (infinitive)
blowe (first-person present singular)
blew (first-person past singular)
blowest (present second-person singular)
blewe (past second-person singular)
blew (past second-person singular)
bloweth (present singular third-person)
blew (past singular third-person)
blowe (present singular subjunctive)
blewe (past singular subjunctive)
blowe (imperative present singular)
blowen (plural present)
blowe (plural present)
blewen (past plural)
blewe (past plural)
bloweth (imperative plural present)
blowe (imperative plural present)
blowynge (participle present)
blowende (participle present)
blowen (participle past)
blowe (participle past)
yblowen (participle past)
yblowe (participle past)

English: blow

Geordie English: blaw

Scots: blaw

Yola: blay

Inherited from Old English blāwan, from Proto-West Germanic *blāan, from Proto-Germanic *blēaną.

To blow (produce a current of air):
To strengthen a fire by blowing on it.


funke

English: funk (obsolete)

From Old English *funca, from Proto-West Germanic *funkō, from Proto-Germanic *funkô.


bekenen

bekenen (infinitive)
to bekenen (infinitive)
bekene (infinitive)
bekene (first-person present singular)
bekened (first-person past singular)
bekenest (present second-person singular)
bekenedest (past second-person singular)
bekeneth (present singular third-person)
bekened (past singular third-person)
bekene (present singular subjunctive)
bekened (past singular subjunctive)
bekene (imperative present singular)
bekenen (plural present)
bekene (plural present)
bekeneden (past plural)
bekenede (past plural)
bekeneth (imperative plural present)
bekene (imperative plural present)
bekenynge (participle present)
bekenende (participle present)
bekened (participle past)
ybekened (participle past)

English: beckon; beck

Middle Scots: bekin

Inherited from Old English bēacnian and bīecnan. Equivalent to beken + -en (infinitival suffix). In some forms, the -n- of the stem has been reanalysed as a infinitival suffix.


blowynge

English: blowing

Scots: blawin

Yola: blayeen, blauyeen

Inherited from Old English blāwung; equivalent to blowen (“to blow”) + -ing.

Breathing, respiration (the movement of air in and out of the mouth).


asshe

asshe (plural asshen or asshes or asshe or asken)

asshen (plural)
asshes (plural)
asshe (plural)
asken (plural)

English: ash

Scots: ess, asch, ais, as, askis

Yola: ashen, oaskean (plural)

From Old English æsce, from Proto-West Germanic *askā, from Proto-Germanic *askǭ.

ashes (the powdery matter produced by a fire, often used in medicine and cooking)

The remnants of a lifeform (generally after cremating)

The matter which one's physical form is made of; bodily matter.

(figuratively) Death, mortality; the end of one's life.

(Christianity) Ashes utilised in ceremonies to represent forgiveness.


asshe

English: ash

Scots: aish, esh

From Old English æsc, from Proto-West Germanic *ask, from Proto-Germanic *askaz.


chymeney

English: chimney

Scots: chimley, chimlie

Yola: gimlie

→ Welsh: simnai

Borrowed from Old French chimenee~cheminee, from Late Latin camīnāta. Forms starting with k- are from Old Northern French; forms ending in -th are from early Old French *cheminethe.

bor+

Þerfor þei ſchulen be as a morewtid cloude and as þe deew of morewtid, þat paſſiþ forþ as duſt rauyſchide bi whirlewynd fro þe corn floor and as ſmoke of a chymenei

a. 1382, John Wycliffe, “Osee 13:3”, in Wycliffe's Bible:

And so they will be like the morning cloud, and the dew of the morning which dissipates, as dust lifted by whirlwind from the corn floor, and like the smoke of a chimney.

A chimney; a ventilation chamber for smoke.

A device for heating; a stove or furnace.

(rare, figurative) Something which heats or forges.

(rare, figurative) Any ventilation chamber.


fumerelle

→ English: femerell, fumerell (historical)

A femerell; a vent for smoke to escape out of.


fumygacioun

English: fumigation

Borrowed from Old French fumigation, from Late Latin fumigatio.

The burning of odorous substances for medicinal or religious reasons.


forneys

English: furnace

Scots: furnace

Borrowed from Old French fornais, from Latin fornāx.

(rare) A device for boiling non-fermented liquor.


blasten

blasten (infinitive)
to blasten (infinitive)
blaste (infinitive)
blaste (first-person present singular)
blasted (first-person past singular)
blaste (first-person past singular)
blastest (present second-person singular)
blastedest (past second-person singular)
blastest (past second-person singular)
blasteth (present singular third-person)
blasted (past singular third-person)
blaste (past singular third-person)
blaste (present singular subjunctive)
blasted (past singular subjunctive)
blaste (past singular subjunctive)
blaste (imperative present singular)
blasten (plural present)
blaste (plural present)
blasteden (past plural)
blastede (past plural)
blasten (past plural)
blaste (past plural)
blasteth (imperative plural present)
blaste (imperative plural present)
blastynge (participle present)
blastende (participle present)
blasted (participle past)
yblasted (participle past)

English: blast

Scots: blast

Inherited from Old English blǣstan, from Proto-West Germanic *blāstijan, from Proto-Germanic *blēstijaną; equivalent to blast + -en (infinitival suffix).

Toke his blake trumpe faste / And gan to puffen and to blaste.

14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The House of Fame:


leyt

English: lait (obsolete)

Inherited from Anglian Old English lēġet (West Saxon līġet, līġetu, līeġet), from Proto-West Germanic *laugiþu.

inh+

⁊ leıtıs ⁊ voıces ⁊ þundꝛıngıs camen out of þe troone. ⁊ ſeuene lau[m]pıs bꝛe[n]nynge bıfoꝛe þe troone.· whıche ben þe ſeuene ſpırıtıs of god

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Apocalips 4:5, page 118v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010

And lightning, sounds, and thunder came out of the throne, and seven lamps were burning in front of the throne, which are the seven spirits of God.

The striking of lightning; an instance of lightning.


flawme

English: flame

Scots: flam

Borrowed from Old French flame, from Latin flamma, from Proto-Italic *flagmā. Some forms influenced by Old French flambe, flamble, from Latin flammula.

Fire (in the abstract or an instantiation)


flawmen

flawmen (infinitive)
to flawmen (infinitive)
flawme (infinitive)
flawme (first-person present singular)
flawmed (first-person past singular)
flawmest (present second-person singular)
flawmedest (past second-person singular)
flawmeth (present singular third-person)
flawmed (past singular third-person)
flawme (present singular subjunctive)
flawmed (past singular subjunctive)
flawme (imperative present singular)
flawmen (plural present)
flawme (plural present)
flawmeden (past plural)
flawmede (past plural)
flawmeth (imperative plural present)
flawme (imperative plural present)
flawmynge (participle present)
flawmende (participle present)
flawmed (participle past)
yflawmed (participle past)

English: flame

Scots: flam

Borrowed from Old French flamber, flammer; equivalent to flawme + -en (infinitival suffix).

To produce or release flames; to flame or be alight.

To produce or release bright light; to glimmer or sheen.

To stoke or incite feelings or beliefs; to motivate.

(rare) To emit, release, or produce sparkling or embers.

(rare, theology) To release light or brightness onto someone.


flawmy

English: flamy


fewell

English: fuel

Borrowed from Old French feuaille, fouaille.


herth

English: hearth

Scots: harth, hairth

Inherited from Old English heorþ, from Proto-West Germanic *herþ.

A hearth; a place where a fire is lighted.


flaught

English: flaught

Scots: flaucht

From either Old English *fleaht or Old Norse *flahtr (for later fláttr), from Proto-Germanic *flahtuz, from *flahaną (“to flay”).


fyr-brand

English: firebrand


sparkel

English: sparkle


sparklen

sparklen (infinitive)
to sparklen (infinitive)
sparkle (infinitive)
sparkle (first-person present singular)
sparkled (first-person past singular)
sparklest (present second-person singular)
sparkledest (past second-person singular)
sparkleth (present singular third-person)
sparkled (past singular third-person)
sparkle (present singular subjunctive)
sparkled (past singular subjunctive)
sparkle (imperative present singular)
sparklen (plural present)
sparkle (plural present)
sparkleden (past plural)
sparklede (past plural)
sparkleth (imperative plural present)
sparkle (imperative plural present)
sparklynge (participle present)
sparklende (participle present)
sparkled (participle past)

English: sparkle

From sparkel + -en (infinitival suffix).


aundire

English: andiron

Borrowed from Old French andier, from Gaulish anderon (“heifer”); some forms are influenced by iren (“iron”).


fyry

q

obsolete <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">firy</i>

English: fiery (obsolete firy)

Scots: firy


atenden

enm-verb

atenden (third-person singular simple present atendeth, present participle atendende, atendynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle atended)

atendeth (present singular third-person)
atendende (participle present)
atendynge (participle present)
atended (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)

PIE word
 *úd
From Old English ātendan (“to set on fire, kindle, inflame; to perplex; to trouble”), a variant of earlier ontendan (“to set on fire, set fire to, kindle, inflame; to perplex; to trouble”), from ā- (prefix meaning ‘away; from; off; out’), on- (prefix meaning ‘at; on’) + tendan (“to kindle”) (from Proto-Germanic *tandijaną (“to light on fire, kindle”), the causative form of *tinnaną (“to burn”); ultimate etymology uncertain, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂w- (“to burn; to kindle”)).