spewen

enm-verb

spewen (third-person singular simple present speweth, present participle spewende, spewynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle spewed)

speweth (present singular third-person)
spewende (participle present)
spewynge (participle present)
spewed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
spewen (infinitive)
to spewen (infinitive)
spewe (infinitive)
spewe (first-person present singular)
spewed (first-person past singular)
spewest (present second-person singular)
spewedest (past second-person singular)
speweth (present singular third-person)
spewed (past singular third-person)
spewe (present singular subjunctive)
spewed (past singular subjunctive)
spewe (imperative present singular)
spewen (plural present)
spewe (plural present)
speweden (past plural)
spewede (past plural)
speweth (imperative plural present)
spewe (imperative plural present)
spewynge (participle present)
spewende (participle present)
spewed (participle past)
spowen (participle past)
spowe (participle past)
yspewed (participle past)

English: spew

Scots: spew

From Old English spīwan (strong class 1).

To spew (regurgitate partially-digested food)


spewynge

English: spewing

Scots: spewin


scharn

English: sharn

Scots: shairn, sharn

From Old English sċearn, from Proto-Germanic *skarną.

Animal feces used as fertiliser; manure or sharn.


strem

English: stream

Scots: stream, strem, streme, streym

Yola: streem

Inherited from Old English strēam, from Proto-West Germanic *straum, from Proto-Germanic *straumaz.

A waterbody; a region of the world containing water:

(rare) An emission or issuing; something that comes out.


smethyng

English: smithing


smythy

English: smithy

Scots: smiddy, smiddie

From Old Norse smiðja, from Proto-Germanic *smiþjǭ. Doublet of smythe (from the same Proto-Germanic word through Old English smiþþe).


smythen

smythen (infinitive)
to smythen (infinitive)
smythe (infinitive)
smythe (first-person present singular)
smythed (first-person past singular)
smythest (present second-person singular)
smythedest (past second-person singular)
smytheth (present singular third-person)
smythed (past singular third-person)
smythe (present singular subjunctive)
smythed (past singular subjunctive)
smythe (imperative present singular)
smythen (plural present)
smythe (plural present)
smytheden (past plural)
smythede (past plural)
smytheth (imperative plural present)
smythe (imperative plural present)
smythynge (participle present)
smythende (participle present)
smythed (participle past)
ysmythed (participle past)

English: smith

From Old English smiþian, form Proto-Germanic *smiþōną; equivalent to smyth + -en (infinitival suffix).

To smith metal; to perform metalworking.


raymen

raymen (third-person singular simple present raymeth, present participle raymende, raymynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle raymed)

raymeth (present singular third-person)
raymende (participle present)
raymynge (participle present)
raymed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
raymen (infinitive)
to raymen (infinitive)
rayme (infinitive)
rayme (first-person present singular)
raymed (first-person past singular)
raymest (present second-person singular)
raymedest (past second-person singular)
raymeth (present singular third-person)
raymed (past singular third-person)
rayme (present singular subjunctive)
raymed (past singular subjunctive)
rayme (imperative present singular)
raymen (plural present)
rayme (plural present)
raymeden (past plural)
raymede (past plural)
raymeth (imperative plural present)
rayme (imperative plural present)
raymynge (participle present)
raymende (participle present)
raymed (participle past)
yraymed (participle past)

An early borrowing from Old French raembre, inherited from Latin redimō. Doublet of redemen.

To loot; to go on a campaign of stealing and burglary.


redempcioun

English: redemption

Scots: redemption

Borrowed from Old French redemption, borrowed itself from Latin redemptio. Doublet of raunsoun.

A payment or fee, especially one acting as ransom.

(rare) Payment of a tax, charge, or duty.

(theology, rare) Spiritual overhaul or reforming.

(theology, rare) Spiritual remission or forgiving.


raunsoun

English: ransom

Scots: ransom

Borrowed from Old French raençon, from Latin redemptio. Doublet of redempcioun.

Ransom; the practice of paying to let someone out of jail (in war).

A payment or fee; money paid to someone out of necessity:

A payment or fee as punishment for criminal activity.

A large quantity or reserve of coinage or money.


raunsonynge

(rare) Imprisoning while offering ransom.


cirurgien

English: chirurgeon (altered after Latin and Greek)

Borrowed from Old French cirurgiien, borrowed itself from Vulgar Latin *chīrurgiānus, from chīrurgia; equivalent to cirurgie + -ien. Doublet of surgien.

A surgeon; one who practices the art of surgery.


cirurgie

English: chirurgy (altered after Latin and Greek)

Borrowed from Old French cirurgie, borrowed itself from Latin chīrurgia. Doublet of surgerie. At least one form has been remodelled to incorporate the suffix -erie (a process that happened already before the word was borrowed into Middle English).

surgery (the part of medicine related to performing surgical operations)


surgerie

English: surgery

Borrowed from Old French surgerie; a modification of surgie, from Latin chīrurgia. Doublet of cirurgie. Almost all forms have been remodelled to incorporate the suffix -erie (a process that happened already before the word was borrowed into Middle English).


foreyn

English: foreign

Scots: furrin

From Old French forain, from Vulgar Latin *forānus. Forms in fer- are altered on the analogy of fer (“far”).

Belonging to or associated with other people; not belonging to oneself.


answeren

answeren (third-person singular simple present answereth, present participle answerende, answerynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle answered)

answereth (present singular third-person)
answerende (participle present)
answerynge (participle present)
answered (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
answeren (infinitive)
to answeren (infinitive)
answere (infinitive)
answere (first-person present singular)
answered (first-person past singular)
answerde (first-person past singular)
answerest (present second-person singular)
answeredest (past second-person singular)
answerdest (past second-person singular)
answereth (present singular third-person)
answered (past singular third-person)
answerde (past singular third-person)
answere (present singular subjunctive)
answered (past singular subjunctive)
answerde (past singular subjunctive)
answere (imperative present singular)
answeren (plural present)
answere (plural present)
answereden (past plural)
answerede (past plural)
answerden (past plural)
answerde (past plural)
answereth (imperative plural present)
answere (imperative plural present)
answerynge (participle present)
answerende (participle present)
answered (participle past)
answerd (participle past)
yanswered (participle past)
yanswerd (participle past)

English: answer

Scots: answer

From Old English andswerian (from Proto-Germanic *andaswarjaną) and Old English andswarian (from Proto-Germanic *andaswarōną); equivalent to and- + swaren or answere + -en (infinitival suffix).

To answer or respond; to offer a response:

(religion) To explain oneself at the Last Judgement.


mysansweren

misansweren (infinitive)
to misansweren (infinitive)
misanswere (infinitive)
misanswere (first-person present singular)
misanswered (first-person past singular)
misanswerest (present second-person singular)
misansweredest (past second-person singular)
misanswereth (present singular third-person)
misanswered (past singular third-person)
misanswere (present singular subjunctive)
misanswered (past singular subjunctive)
misanswere (imperative present singular)
misansweren (plural present)
misanswere (plural present)
misanswereden (past plural)
misanswerede (past plural)
misanswereth (imperative plural present)
misanswere (imperative plural present)
misanswerynge (participle present)
misanswerende (participle present)
misanswered (participle past)
ymisanswered (participle past)

English: misanswer

To answer in a contemptuous or insulting way.


hornynge

English: horning

(surgery) The utilisation of a horn for suction.


flewme

desc

dialectal <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">fleam</i>

English: phlegm (dialectal fleam)

Scots: fleem

From Old French fleume, from Latin phlegma, from Ancient Greek φλέγμα (phlégma). For the change of /ɛu̯/ to /ɛː/ before /m/, compare rewme.

medicinal humors: humour: coler · flewme · malencolie · sanguine [edit]

Phlegm, sputum or a similar mucous substance; material coughed up.


fleumatik

English: phlegmatic (remodelled after Latin)

From Old French fleumatique, from Latin phlegmāticus.

medicinal humor adjectives: humour: colerik · fleumatik · malencolik · sanguine [edit]

Phlegmatic; containing or made of the humour of phlegm.

Caused by an overabundance or overflow of phlegm; made due to too much phlegm.

(rare) Generating, creating or making phlegm.


malencolie

English: melancholy (remodelled after Latin)

From Old French melancolie, from Late Latin melancholia, from Ancient Greek μελαγχολία (melankholía). Many forms of this word show influence from Old French mal (“bad”).

Black bile as one of the four cardinal humours believed to influence health and mood.

A supposed affliction caused by an excessive amount or quantity of black bile.


malencolie

Scots: melancholy (remodelled after Latin)

Yola: malaunchly (remodelled after Latin)

Tending to be under the influence of black bile.

Made of or containing black bile or melancholy.

Having one's mood changed by black bile; depressed or raging.

(rare) Due to the influence of black bile.


malencolik

English: melancholic (remodelled after Greek)

From Old French melancolique, from Ancient Greek μελαγχολικός (melankholikós); equivalent to malencolie + -ik.

der

μελαγχολικός


malencolious

English: melancholious (obsolete)

From Middle French melancolieus; equivalent to malencolie + -ous.

Having one's mood or emotional state changed by black bile:

furious, irascible; full of anger and wroth.

upset, depressed; full of sadness and woe.

Due to the influence or presence of black bile.

(rare) Affected by a disease caused by too much black bile.

(rare) Under the influence of or governed by black bile.

(rare) Having a proclivity to produce black bile.


colerik

English: choleric

From Old French colerique, from Latin cholericus; equivalent to coler (“choler”) + -ik.

Having an extreme and dangerous quantity of yellow bile.

Due to the influence or presence of yellow bile.

14th c., Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales, General Prologue, line 589,
The REVE was a sclendre colerik man.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Having one's mood changed by yellow bile; easily angered.

(rare) Made of or containing yellow bile or choler.

(rare) Under the influence of or governed by yellow bile.

(rare) Having a proclivity to promote black bile.


biflowen

biflowen (infinitive)
to biflowen (infinitive)
biflowe (infinitive)
biflowe (first-person present singular)
biflowed (first-person past singular)
biflew (first-person past singular)
biflowest (present second-person singular)
biflowedest (past second-person singular)
biflewe (past second-person singular)
biflew (past second-person singular)
bifloweth (present singular third-person)
biflowed (past singular third-person)
biflew (past singular third-person)
biflowe (present singular subjunctive)
biflowed (past singular subjunctive)
biflewe (past singular subjunctive)
biflowe (imperative present singular)
biflowen (plural present)
biflowe (plural present)
bifloweden (past plural)
biflowede (past plural)
biflewen (past plural)
biflewe (past plural)
bifloweth (imperative plural present)
biflowe (imperative plural present)
biflowynge (participle present)
biflowende (participle present)
biflowed (participle past)
biflowen (participle past)
biflowe (participle past)

From Old English beflōwan; equivalent to bi- + flowen.

To overflow, deluge or flood; to cover in water.


wryngen

wringen (infinitive)
to wringen (infinitive)
wringe (infinitive)
wringe (first-person present singular)
wrong (first-person past singular)
wrang (first-person past singular)
wringest (present second-person singular)
wronge (past second-person singular)
wrong (past second-person singular)
wrang (past second-person singular)
wringeth (present singular third-person)
wrong (past singular third-person)
wrang (past singular third-person)
wringe (present singular subjunctive)
wronge (past singular subjunctive)
wringe (imperative present singular)
wringen (plural present)
wringe (plural present)
wrongen (past plural)
wronge (past plural)
wringeth (imperative plural present)
wringe (imperative plural present)
wringynge (participle present)
wringende (participle present)
wrongen (participle past)
wronge (participle past)
ywrongen (participle past)
ywronge (participle past)

English: wring

Scots: wring, wryng

Inherited from Old English wringan, from Proto-West Germanic *wringan, from Proto-Germanic *wringaną; a cognate of Old Frisian *wringa, Middle Low German wringen, Middle Dutch wringen, and Middle High German ringen.

To force liquid out of something by compressing or squeezing:

To compress downwards or squash; to release liquid by pushing down.


knytten

knytten (infinitive)
to knytten (infinitive)
knytte (infinitive)
knytte (first-person present singular)
knytte (first-person past singular)
knytted (first-person past singular)
knyttest (present second-person singular)
knyttest (past second-person singular)
knyttedest (past second-person singular)
knytteth (present singular third-person)
knytte (past singular third-person)
knytted (past singular third-person)
knytte (present singular subjunctive)
knytte (past singular subjunctive)
knytted (past singular subjunctive)
knytte (imperative present singular)
knytten (plural present)
knytte (plural present)
knytten (past plural)
knytte (past plural)
knytteden (past plural)
knyttede (past plural)
knytteth (imperative plural present)
knytte (imperative plural present)
knyttynge (participle present)
knyttende (participle present)
knyt (participle past)
knytted (participle past)
yknyt (participle past)
yknytted (participle past)

English: knit

Scots: knit, knyt

From Old English cnyttan, from Proto-West Germanic *knuttijan, from Proto-Germanic *knutjaną, *knuttijaną.

(rare) To be joined, united or brought together.


ooneyed

English: one-eyed

Scots: ane-eit, aan eet

From Old English ānēġed, from Proto-Germanic *ainaugidaz. Equivalent to oon + eyed.


tridel

English: treddle

Scots: tartle

From Old English tyrdel; equivalent to tord + -el (agentive suffix).


terebentyne

English: turpentine

Scots: torpity (obsolete)

From Old French terbentine, turbentine, from Latin terebinthina; equivalent to therebynte + -ine.

Turpentine or a pharmaceutical made from it.


governail

English: governail (archaic)

Middle Scots: governall

Borrowed from Middle French governail, from Old French governail, governaille, from Latin gubernāculum.

(rare, medicine) A restorative course of action.


governeresse

English: governess, governoress

Borrowed from Old French governeresse; equivalent to governour + -esse.

A female guardian or protector; a governess.


governynge

English: governing

(medicine) The practice of giving out a restorative course of action.

(grammar, rare) Requirement of a specific grammatical case.

(physiology, rare) The effect exerted by a part of the body on another.


wyspe

English: wisp

Scots: wisp, wusp

Perhaps related to whisk (“bunch of twigs, hair”). Cognate to Dutch wisp, dialectal Danish visp, Swedish visp, Norwegian Bokmål visp, etc.

(glassblowing, obsolete, rare) A fifteenth-century unit for measuring window glass.


brinke

English: brink

Scots: brink

From Old Norse *brenka, *brinka and Middle Low German brink, both from Proto-Germanic *brinkaz (“hill, edge (of land)”).

The coastline or shoreline; the place where land meets sea.

The edge of any other body of water (e.g. a river, a pit full of water).

The edge of life; the state of being on the brink of death.


faierie

English: fairy, fairie, faerie, faery

Scots: fairy, faerie, faery

Borrowed from Old French faerie; equivalent to faie + -erie.

The occult, esoteric, or magical arts or a product of them used for illusion (e.g. a phantasm).


chaf

English: chaff

Scots: caff

→ Irish: cabha

Inherited from Old English ċeaf, *cæf, from Proto-West Germanic *kaf

Chaff; the parts of harvested grain not usable as food, especially straw or husks.


fantome

English: phantom, phantasm

Scots: phanton

Borrowed from Old French fantesme, fantosme, from Latin phantasma, from Ancient Greek φάντασμα (phántasma).

A phantom or apparition; a phantasmic experience.

(rare, medicine) A hallucination or delirium brought on by illness.


botyng

An extra in a swapping to make the things swapped equivalent.


botoun

English: button (see there for further descendants)

Scots: button

Yola: buththone, boththone

Borrowed from Old French bouton, boton. See English button for more.

A button or decorative protrusion on garments or tools.

A bud, budset, or shoot; a newly-formed leaf.

Ac hy habbeþ hire herten zuo aꝛered ine god: þet hi ne pꝛayſeþ þe woꝛdle: bote ane botoun. and hi ne dꝛedeþ kyng. ne erl.[…]

c. 1340, Dan Michel, “Vridom”, in Ayenbite of Inwyt, page 86:

But those who have their hearts inspired by God, who don't praise the world('s ways) even a bit and who don't fear kings, earls, […]

Something that is small or of little or no value or worth.


duete

English: duty

Scots: duty

From Anglo-Norman dueté; equivalent to dewe + -te.

Something which one is obliged to do (by law, society, or belief)


detty

Required, needful, necessary; not optional.


dettour

English: debtor

Borrowed from Old French detour, from Latin debitor; equivalent to dette + -our.

One who is indebted to another (financially, for their help, etc.)

and þus ȝe ſchulen pꝛeie / Oure fadir þat art in heuenes .· halewid be þi name / þi kyngdom come to / be þi wille doon in erþe .· as in heuene / ȝyue to vs þis dai oure bꝛeed ouer oþir ſubſtaunce / and foꝛȝyue to vs oure dettis .· as we foꝛȝyuen to oure dettouris / and lede vs not in to temptacioun .· but delyuere vs fro yuele amen […]

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 6:9-14, page 3r, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

You should pray like this: "Our father that's in heaven, your name will be sanctified; / your Kingdom will come; your will will be done on Earth, like in heaven. / Give us our bread over other substances, / forgive us of our sins, as we forgive those who sin against us, / and don't bring us into temptation, but instead save us from evil. Amen."

One who must atone for their wrongs against another.


bakbon

English: backbone

Scots: backbane


pultrie

English: poultry

Scots: pootry, poutrie

Yola: pultry

Borrowed from Old French pouleterie; equivalent to pulet + -erie or pulter + -ie.

(rare) A chicken coop or analogous structure; a place where poultry is kept.


gounde

q

dialectal <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">gund</i>

English: gound (dialectal gund)

From Old English gund, from Proto-Germanic *gundaz.

Gum that is deposited in sore eyes; gound.


vertules

English: virtueless

Powerless, ineffective (in an occultic or astrological context)


susterhede

English: sisterhood (with change in suffix)

The state where one possesses a female sibling; having a sister.


columpne

English: column

Scots: column

From Old French columne, from Latin columna.


moderhede

English: motherhood

The state of being a mother; motherhood (especially used of the Virgin Mary)


moderles

head

moderles (plural and weak singular moderlese)

moderlese (plural)
moderlese (singular weak)

English: motherless

From Old English mōdorlēas, from Proto-Germanic *mōdērlausaz; equivalent to moder + -les.


moder in lawe

English: mother-in-law


suster-in-lawe

English: sister-in-law

sister-in-law (sister of a spouse; wife of a sibling)


douȝter in lawe

English: daughter-in-law


tretys

From Old French traitiz, from Vulgar Latin *tractīcius.

Ful semyly hir wympul pynched was /Hir nose tretys, hir eyen greye as glas[…]

a. 1394, Geoffrey Chaucer, “General Prologue”, in The Canterbury Tales, lines 151–152:

Her wimple was folded in quite a seemly way / Her nose [was] slender; her eyes [were] grey like glass […]

(usually of a visage or one's nose) Having seemly or attractive proportions; i.e. slender.


glasy

English: glassy

Scots: glessy, glessie

Resembling glass; glasslike or glassy:
(of mucus) Opaque, runny and greyish.

Resembling glass; glasslike or glassy:
Opaque, runny and greyish.


brotherhede

English: brotherhood, brotherred

Scots: britherheid

Inherited from Old English brōþorrǣden; equivalent to brother + -rede. However, usually remodelled as brother + -hede; sometimes the first element is changed to brether.

Brotherly relations; a brotherly pact or bond:

The relationship which two blood brothers have with each other.


brother-in-lawe

enm-noun

brother-in-lawe (plural breþeren in lawe)

English: brother-in-law


godfader

English: godfather

From Old English godfæder; equivalent to god + fader.


fader in lawe

English: father-in-law


constitucioun

English: constitution

Borrowed from Old French constitucion, from Latin cōnstitūtiōnem, accusative singular of cōnstitūtiō.

An ecclesiastical decree or rule, especially one emanating from the Pope.

A piece of legislation; an edict or legal instrument from secular authorities.

(rare) A foundational scientific law or the body of them in a science.

(rare) The guidelines that a monastic house or group lives by.

(rare) The guidelines that a merchant's association lives by.


rotidnes

English: rottedness

Pussy matter; the results of suppuration or pus formation.


gronen

gronen (infinitive)
to gronen (infinitive)
grone (infinitive)
grone (first-person present singular)
groned (first-person past singular)
gronest (present second-person singular)
gronedest (past second-person singular)
groneth (present singular third-person)
groned (past singular third-person)
grone (present singular subjunctive)
groned (past singular subjunctive)
grone (imperative present singular)
gronen (plural present)
grone (plural present)
groneden (past plural)
gronede (past plural)
groneth (imperative plural present)
grone (imperative plural present)
gronynge (participle present)
gronende (participle present)
groned (participle past)
ygroned (participle past)

English: groan

Scots: grane, grain

Inherited from Old English grānian, from Proto-West Germanic *grainōn, from Proto-Germanic *grainōną, a derivative of *grīnaną (which didn't leave any descendants in Middle English).

gloss

(rare) To pass away; to suffer from death.


grunten

enm-verb

grunten (third-person singular simple present grunteth, present participle gruntynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative grunte, past participle grunt)

grunteth (present singular third-person)
gruntynge (participle present)
grunte (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
grunt (participle past)
grunten (infinitive)
to grunten (infinitive)
grunte (infinitive)
grunte (first-person present singular)
grunte (first-person past singular)
grunted (first-person past singular)
gruntest (present second-person singular)
gruntest (past second-person singular)
gruntedest (past second-person singular)
grunteth (present singular third-person)
grunte (past singular third-person)
grunted (past singular third-person)
grunte (present singular subjunctive)
grunte (past singular subjunctive)
grunted (past singular subjunctive)
grunte (imperative present singular)
grunten (plural present)
grunte (plural present)
grunten (past plural)
grunte (past plural)
grunteden (past plural)
gruntede (past plural)
grunteth (imperative plural present)
grunte (imperative plural present)
gruntynge (participle present)
gruntende (participle present)
grunt (participle past)
grunted (participle past)

English: grunt

Scots: grunt

Inherited from Old English grunnettan, from Proto-West Germanic *grunnattjan, from Proto-Germanic *grunnatjaną. Equivalent to groynen + -ten.


gruntynge

English: grunting


snowte

English: snout

Scots: snout, snoot

→ English: snoot

From Middle Dutch snute or Middle Low German snute; both ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *snūt.

The facial features or appearance of a person; how one's face looks.


ynche

enm-noun

ynche (plural ynches or enchen or ynche)

ynches (plural)
enchen (plural)
ynche (plural)

English: inch (see there for further descendants)

Scots: inch

From Old English ynċe, from earlier *unċi-, from Latin uncia. Doublet of ounce.


femen

femen (infinitive)
to femen (infinitive)
feme (infinitive)
feme (first-person present singular)
femed (first-person past singular)
femde (first-person past singular)
femest (present second-person singular)
femedest (past second-person singular)
femdest (past second-person singular)
femeth (present singular third-person)
femed (past singular third-person)
femde (past singular third-person)
feme (present singular subjunctive)
femed (past singular subjunctive)
femde (past singular subjunctive)
feme (imperative present singular)
femen (plural present)
feme (plural present)
femeden (past plural)
femede (past plural)
femden (past plural)
femde (past plural)
femeth (imperative plural present)
feme (imperative plural present)
femynge (participle present)
femende (participle present)
femed (participle past)
yfemed (participle past)

From Old English fǣman, from Proto-West Germanic *faimijan; compare fomen.

To emit foam from the mouth; to be irate.


aley

English: alley

Scots: allay

→ Welsh: alai

Borrowed from Old French alee; more at English alley.


allien

allien (infinitive)
to allien (infinitive)
allie (infinitive)
allie (first-person present singular)
allied (first-person past singular)
alliest (present second-person singular)
alliedest (past second-person singular)
allieth (present singular third-person)
allied (past singular third-person)
allie (present singular subjunctive)
allied (past singular subjunctive)
allie (imperative present singular)
allien (plural present)
allie (plural present)
allieden (past plural)
alliede (past plural)
allieth (imperative plural present)
allie (imperative plural present)
alliynge (participle present)
alliende (participle present)
allied (participle past)
yallied (participle past)

English: ally

Scots: ally

From Old French alier, from Latin alligō, adligō.

(rare) To stick or keep to a promise or compact.


motoun

English: mutton

Scots: mutton

Yola: muthon, mothoon

Borrowed from Old French mouton, from Vulgar Latin moltō, from Gaulish *multon-, from Proto-Celtic *moltos.

An Anglo-French gold coin impressed with the image of a lamb.


hirdel

English: hurdle

Yola: hardhel

From Old English hyrdel, from Proto-West Germanic *hurdil, from Proto-Germanic *hurdilaz.

A frame or netting of intertwined twigs:

Used as a sled (often to store those sentenced to death)


materialy

English: materially

Materially; with regard to physical things or characteristics.

(rare) Within a topic or discipline's traditions (of classification)


askynge

English: asking

Scots: asking, askin

From Old English āscung, āxung (“asking; question; inquiry”); equivalent to axen + -ing.


brochen

brochen (infinitive)
to brochen (infinitive)
broche (infinitive)
broche (first-person present singular)
broched (first-person past singular)
brochest (present second-person singular)
brochedest (past second-person singular)
brocheth (present singular third-person)
broched (past singular third-person)
broche (present singular subjunctive)
broched (past singular subjunctive)
broche (imperative present singular)
brochen (plural present)
broche (plural present)
brocheden (past plural)
brochede (past plural)
brocheth (imperative plural present)
broche (imperative plural present)
brochynge (participle present)
brochende (participle present)
broched (participle past)
ybroched (participle past)

English: broach

Scots: broach

/ˈbrɔːt͡ʃən/

From Old French brochier; equivalent to broche + -en (infinitival suffix).


patroun

English: patron, pattern

Scots: patron, pawtron

Yola: patroon

→ Irish: pátrún

From Old French patrone, from Latin patrōnus.

(rare, historical) One who worked as legal counsel in ancient Rome.


sporier

English: spurrier

Scots: spurrier (obsolete)


coroune

English: crown (see there for further descendants)

Scots: croun, croon

→ Welsh: coron

From Anglo-Norman coroune, curune, corone, from Latin corōna, from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē).

⁊ in þe cumpas of þe ſeete.· weren foure ⁊ twentı ſmale ſeetıs ⁊ abouen þe troones foure ⁊ twentı eldere men ſıttynge. hılıd aboute wıþ whıte cloþıs.· ⁊ in þe heedıs of hem golden coꝛouns

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Apocalips 4:4, page 118v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010

And around the perimeter of the seat there were twenty-four small seats, and on those seats twenty-four elders sat, wearing white clothing and having golden crowns on their heads.

An important, symbolic, or significant piece of headwear:

A coronet or tiara; headgear of lesser (religious or secular) leaders.

A piece of non-British currency with a crown on it.


corounen

corounen (infinitive)
to corounen (infinitive)
coroune (infinitive)
coroune (first-person present singular)
corouned (first-person past singular)
corounest (present second-person singular)
corounedest (past second-person singular)
corouneth (present singular third-person)
corouned (past singular third-person)
coroune (present singular subjunctive)
corouned (past singular subjunctive)
coroune (imperative present singular)
corounen (plural present)
coroune (plural present)
corouneden (past plural)
corounede (past plural)
corouneth (imperative plural present)
coroune (imperative plural present)
corounynge (participle present)
corounende (participle present)
corouned (participle past)
ycorouned (participle past)

English: crown

Scots: croun, croon

From Old French coroner (modern French couronner), from Latin corōnō; equivalent to coroune + -en (infinitival suffix).

To let or allow into a monastic community or grouping.

(rare) To put the top portion of a brick wall on.


crownynge

English: crowning

(rare) The placing of a wreath on one's head.


coronement

English: crownment

From Old French coronement, coronemant; equivalent to corounen + -ment.

(rare) The placing of a wreath or halo on one's head.


taphose

From tappe and a second element, possibly hose.

(rare) A sieve placed over a spout of a container holding mash.


horesone

English: whoreson (obsolete)

Scots: hurson (obsolete)

(rare) An illegitimate son, especially the son of a prostitute.


hornesse

Inherited from Old English hārnes; equivalent to hor (“hoar”) + -nesse.


horynesse

English: hoariness

(rare) The state of being hoary; hoariness.


sone in lawe

English: son-in-law


angren

angren (infinitive)
to angren (infinitive)
angre (infinitive)
angre (first-person present singular)
angred (first-person past singular)
angrest (present second-person singular)
angredest (past second-person singular)
angreth (present singular third-person)
angred (past singular third-person)
angre (present singular subjunctive)
angred (past singular subjunctive)
angre (imperative present singular)
angren (plural present)
angre (plural present)
angreden (past plural)
angrede (past plural)
angreth (imperative plural present)
angre (imperative plural present)
angrynge (participle present)
angrende (participle present)
angred (participle past)
yangred (participle past)

English: anger

Scots: anger

Yola: angerth (adj.)

From Old Norse angra; equivalent to anger (“distress, annoyance, anger”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

(rare) To hurt; to inflict injury or afflictions upon someone.

(rare) To cause to be inflamed or swollen (of injuries).


magik

English: magic

Scots: magic

From Old French magique (noun and adjective), from Latin magicus (adjective), magica (noun), from Ancient Greek μαγικός (magikós, “magical”); equivalent to mages + -ik.

der

Information about the forces of nature and the practice of manipulating these for occult ends; magic, sorcery.


magik

English: magic

Scots: magic

(only in collocations, rare) magic, magical


ciser

→ English: cyser

From Medieval Latin sīcera, from Ancient Greek σίκερα (síkera), from Hebrew שֵׁכָר (šēḵār). Doublet of sider.

Hebrew שֵׁכָר (šēḵār)

Any alcoholic beverage of great strength and potency.


senevey

English: senvy (obsolete)

From Old French senevé, senevei, from Vulgar Latin *sināpātium.

An oþer parable iheſus puttide foꝛþ to hem. / ⁊ ſeide / þe kyngdom of heuenes is lijk to a coꝛn of ſeneuey · which a man took ⁊ ſewe in his feeld · / which is þe leeſt of alle ſeedis / but whanne it haþ woxen .· it is the mooſt of alle woꝛtis · ⁊ is maad a tre / ſo þe bꝛiddis of þe eir comen ⁊ dwellen in þe bowis þerof.

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 13:31-32, page 6v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

Jesus put another parable forwards to them, saying: "The Kingdom of Heaven is like a mustard seed that a person took and sowed in their field; / it is the smallest of all seeds, but when it has grown, it is the largest of all plants; it becomes a tree, so the birds of the air come and nest in its branches."

mustard or its seed (often used in cuisine and medicine)


comyn

English: cumin

From Old English cymen and Old French cummin, both from Latin cumīnum, from Ancient Greek κύμινον (kúminon), a Semitic borrowing ultimately from Akkadian 𒂵𒈬𒉡 (Ú.GAMUN /kamūnu/, “cumin”).

Whether whanne he hath maad euene the face therof, ſchal he not ſowe ȝith, and ſprenge abrood comyn? and he ſchal not ſette wheete bi ordre, and barli, and mylium, and fetchis in his cooſtis? / And his God ſchal teche hym, in doom he ſchal teche hym.

a. 1382, John Wycliffe, “Isaiah 28:25-26”, in Wycliffe's Bible^(https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(Wycliffe)/Isaiah#Chapter_28):

When he's made the surface of that (the earth) even, shouldn't he sow it, and sprinkle cumin on top of it? And shouldn't he put wheat where it goes, and barley, millet, and vetch in its nature? / And his God will teach him; in judgement he will teach him.

Cumin or its seed, often used in cuisine and medicine.


bedeman

q

obsolete <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">beadman</i>

English: beadsman (obsolete beadman)

Scots: bedesman

A term of address used for an individual attentive to one's needs.


pesecod

English: peasecod, peascod, peacod


mowynge

English: mowing

Scots: mawing, mawin

A requirement to mow imposed on tenants.


syment

English: cement (see there for further descendants)

Scots: siment, syment, symond, cement

Borrowed from Old French siment, from Latin caementum.

Cement, mortar, or a similar substance used in construction.


scorpioun

English: scorpion

Borrowed from Old French scorpion, from Latin scorpiō, from Ancient Greek σκορπῐ́ος (skorpĭ́os); reinforced by existing Old English sċorpio, from the same Latin source.

Someone who practices deception or lewdness.

Scorpio as a constellation or zodiacal sign.


scheltroun

English: sheltron; shelter (possibly)

Middle Scots: schiltrum

From Old English sċildtruma, sċeltruma; equivalent to scheld + trome.


tronke

English: trunk

Scots: trunk

From Old French tronc, from Latin truncus.

A container which fish are put in; a fishtank.


latoun

English: latten, laton

From Old French laton, laiton, from Arabic لَاطُون (lāṭūn, “copper, copper alloy”), itself from Common Turkic *altun (“gold”).

der

latten; often seen as the same as orichalcum


thryven

thryven (infinitive)
to thryven (infinitive)
thryve (infinitive)
thryve (first-person present singular)
throf (first-person past singular)
thryvest (present second-person singular)
throve (past second-person singular)
thryve (past second-person singular)
threve (past second-person singular)
throf (past second-person singular)
thryveth (present singular third-person)
throf (past singular third-person)
thryve (present singular subjunctive)
throve (past singular subjunctive)
thryve (past singular subjunctive)
threve (past singular subjunctive)
thryve (imperative present singular)
thryven (plural present)
thryve (plural present)
throven (past plural)
throve (past plural)
thryven (past plural)
thryve (past plural)
threven (past plural)
threve (past plural)
thryveth (imperative plural present)
thryve (imperative plural present)
thryvynge (participle present)
thryvende (participle present)
thryven (participle past)
thryve (participle past)
threven (participle past)
threve (participle past)

English: thrive

Scots: thrive

Yola: threeve

From Old Norse þrífa, from Proto-Germanic *þrībaną. Cognates include Old Swedish þrīvas.

To acquire prosperity or fortune; to succeed.


parische chirche

enm-noun

parische chirche (plural parische chirches)

English: parish church


parisshen

From Old French paroissien, parochien; equivalent to parisshe + -ien.

(rare, Late Middle English) The totality of a parish's parishioners.


blosmen

blosmen (infinitive)
to blosmen (infinitive)
blosme (infinitive)
blosme (first-person present singular)
blosmed (first-person past singular)
blosmest (present second-person singular)
blosmedest (past second-person singular)
blosmeth (present singular third-person)
blosmed (past singular third-person)
blosme (present singular subjunctive)
blosmed (past singular subjunctive)
blosme (imperative present singular)
blosmen (plural present)
blosme (plural present)
blosmeden (past plural)
blosmede (past plural)
blosmeth (imperative plural present)
blosme (imperative plural present)
blosmynge (participle present)
blosmende (participle present)
blosmed (participle past)
yblosmed (participle past)

English: blossom

Scots: blossom

From Old English bostmian; equivalent to blosme + -en (infinitival suffix).


ynke

desctree

English: ink, inke (obsolete)
→ Japanese: インク (inku)
→ Korean: 잉크 (ingkeu)
→ Telugu: ఇంకి (iṅki)
→ Welsh: inc

Scots: ink

From Old French enque, from Latin encaustum, from Ancient Greek ἔγκαυστον (énkauston).


childberyng

English: childbearing, child-bearing


child bed

English: childbed


towayle

English: towel (see there for further descendants)

Scots: toul, tool, tooel

→ Irish: tuáille

From Old French toaille, from Early Medieval Latin toallia, from Frankish *þwahilu.


heedles

English: headless

Scots: heidless

From Old English hēafodlēas; equivalent to heed + -les.


bonwort

Inherited from Old English bānwyrt; equivalent to bon + wort.

Any plant used to resolve bone fractures (often daisy).


defferent

From Latin dēferēns; equivalent to differren (“to refer for judgement”) + -ent.

af

(astronomy, rare) Relating to the supposed circular orbit of the planets around the Earth.


enhauncen

enm-verb

enhauncen (third-person singular simple present enhaunceth, present participle enhauncende, enhauncynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle enhaunced)

enhaunceth (present singular third-person)
enhauncende (participle present)
enhauncynge (participle present)
enhaunced (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
enhauncen (infinitive)
to enhauncen (infinitive)
enhaunce (infinitive)
enhaunce (first-person present singular)
enhaunced (first-person past singular)
enhauncest (present second-person singular)
enhauncedest (past second-person singular)
enhaunceth (present singular third-person)
enhaunced (past singular third-person)
enhaunce (present singular subjunctive)
enhaunced (past singular subjunctive)
enhaunce (imperative present singular)
enhauncen (plural present)
enhaunce (plural present)
enhaunceden (past plural)
enhauncede (past plural)
enhaunceth (imperative plural present)
enhaunce (imperative plural present)
enhauncynge (participle present)
enhauncende (participle present)
enhaunced (participle past)
yenhaunced (participle past)

English: enhance

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman enhauncer, from Vulgar Latin *inaltiāre. The second /n/ is an unetymological excrescence.

(rare) To install a column or other vertical object.

To lift, heighten, or raise up:
(rare) To heighten ground or floor.

To lift, heighten, or raise up:
To heighten ground or floor.

To better or improve someone; to make someone better:

To cause to become (more) wealthy, successful, or powerful.

To cheer up; to make happier or more assured.

To feel (excessively) prideful or vain; to have excessive pride.

(rare, astrology) To be influential (of a planet).


narwenesse

English: narrowness

An instance of narrowness (especially breathing obstructions)

Unimportance, irrelevance; lack of magnitude.


spere schaft

English: spearshaft


almerie

desc

English: ambry, almery, aumbrie, aumbry, ambery

Scots: aumry, amry, amery, aumbry, ambry

From Anglo-Norman almarie, aumer, etc., from Old French almarie, from Latin armārium.


syngeresse

English: singeress (obsolete)


syngster

English: singster (archaic)


syngyng

English: singing

Scots: singin

(rare) The sound of wine undergoing fermentation.


flouren

flouren (infinitive)
to flouren (infinitive)
floure (infinitive)
floure (first-person present singular)
floured (first-person past singular)
flourest (present second-person singular)
flouredest (past second-person singular)
floureth (present singular third-person)
floured (past singular third-person)
floure (present singular subjunctive)
floured (past singular subjunctive)
floure (imperative present singular)
flouren (plural present)
floure (plural present)
floureden (past plural)
flourede (past plural)
floureth (imperative plural present)
floure (imperative plural present)
flourynge (participle present)
flourende (participle present)
floured (participle past)
yfloured (participle past)

English: flower, flour

Scots: flour

From Anglo-Norman florir, flurir, from Late Latin flōrīre, from Latin flōrēre.


flourdelis

English: fleur-de-lis (influenced by modern French fleur de lys)

From Anglo-Norman flour de lis (“lily flower”).


oniche

English: onyx

Scots: onix

From Old French oniche, from Latin onyx, from Ancient Greek ὄνυξ (ónux). Some forms directly from Latin.


þigh

English: thigh

Scots: thee


attome

English: atom

Scots: atom

From Middle French athome, from Latin atomus (“smallest particle”), from Ancient Greek ἄτομος (átomos, “indivisible”).

der

atom (fifteen ninety-fourths of a second)


alym

English: alum

Scots: aum, awm, alm

From Anglo-Norman alum, alun, from Latin alūmen. Forms with a vocalism in -i- have parallels in some of the langues d' oïl.


enchauntement

English: enchantment

From Old French enchantement; equivalent to enchaunten + -ment.


enchaunten

enchaunten (infinitive)
to enchaunten (infinitive)
enchaunte (infinitive)
enchaunte (first-person present singular)
enchaunted (first-person past singular)
enchauntest (present second-person singular)
enchauntedest (past second-person singular)
enchaunteth (present singular third-person)
enchaunted (past singular third-person)
enchaunte (present singular subjunctive)
enchaunted (past singular subjunctive)
enchaunte (imperative present singular)
enchaunten (plural present)
enchaunte (plural present)
enchaunteden (past plural)
enchauntede (past plural)
enchaunteth (imperative plural present)
enchaunte (imperative plural present)
enchauntynge (participle present)
enchauntende (participle present)
enchaunted (participle past)
yenchaunted (participle past)

English: enchant

Scots: enchant

From Old French enchanter; from Latin incantō; equivalent to en- + chaunten.

To enchant; to put under an enchantment.


enchaunteresse

English: enchantress

From Old French enchanteresse; equivalent to enchauntour + -esse.


enchauntynge

English: enchanting


chauntement

English: chantment (archaic)


chaunteresse

English: chantress

From Old French chanteresse; equivalent to chauntour + -esse.

A woman who participates or heads a choir.


emeroides

desc

English: hemorrhoids, haemorrhoids, emerods

From Old French emorroides, from Latin haemorrhoidae, from Ancient Greek αἱμορροΐς (haimorrhoḯs).


endowement

English: endowment


pibleston

English: pebblestone

From Old English papol-stān; equivalent to pibel + ston.

A pebble used as a missile or projectile.


pibel

English: pebble

Scots: peeble


awinnen

awinnen (infinitive)
to awinnen (infinitive)
awinne (infinitive)
awinne (first-person present singular)
awan (first-person past singular)
awon (first-person past singular)
awinnest (present second-person singular)
awonne (past second-person singular)
awanne (past second-person singular)
awan (past second-person singular)
awon (past second-person singular)
awinneth (present singular third-person)
awan (past singular third-person)
awon (past singular third-person)
awinne (present singular subjunctive)
awonne (past singular subjunctive)
awanne (past singular subjunctive)
awinne (imperative present singular)
awinnen (plural present)
awinne (plural present)
awonnen (past plural)
awonne (past plural)
awannen (past plural)
awanne (past plural)
awinneth (imperative plural present)
awinne (imperative plural present)
awinnynge (participle present)
awinnende (participle present)
awonnen (participle past)
awonne (participle past)

From Old English āwinnan; equivalent to a- + winnen.


wynnere

English: winner


wynnyng

English: winning

gain, acquiring, accession:
profit, earnings


vynolent

English: vinolent


vyntener

English: vintner

A variant of viniter, from Old French vineter, vinetier (“wine-merchant, grape-harvester”), from Medieval Latin vīnētārius (“wine dealer”).


viniter

Borrowed from Old French vineter, vinetier (“wine-merchant, grape-harvester”), from Medieval Latin vīnētārius (“wine dealer”). Compare vyntener.


viniterie

English: vintry


vynour

English: viner (obsolete)

Borrowed from Old French vignor; equivalent to vine + -our.


vyneȝerd

English: vineyard

Scots: vinyaird

From Old English wīnġeard, from Proto-Germanic *wīnagardaz; remodeled after vine + yerd.


vyne-tre

English: vinetree, winetree

From Old English wīntrēow, from Proto-Germanic *wīnatrewą; sometimes remodeled after vine + tre.


vynet

From Old French vignette; equivalent to vine + -et. Compare English vignette.

An ornamental depiction of vines (on buildings or books).


wyny

English: winy, winey


wyndronken

English: winedrunken, winedrunk

From Old English wīndruncen, from Proto-Germanic *wīnadrunkanaz; equivalent to wyn + drunken.


wyndrawer

From wyn (“wine”) + drawer (“transporter”).


verveyne

English: vervain

From Old French verveine, from Latin verbēna.

Verbena officinalis
Verbena officinalis#Translingual

vervain (Verbena officinalis or a relative, often used in cuisine or medicine)


Jewesse

English: Jewess (dated)

From Old French juiesse; equivalent to Jew + -esse.


hors her

English: horsehair


mynute

English: minute
Tok Pisin: minit

Scots: meenit

From Old French minute, from Medieval Latin minūta. Compare menuse.


vergeous

English: verjuice

From Old French verjus; equivalent to vert + jus. Compare vert sauce.

verjuice (often used as sauce or medicine)


orpyment

English: orpiment

From Old French orpiment, from Latin auripigmentum.

orpiment (as used in alchemy and medicine)


monymaker

English: moneymaker

A minter or moneyer; one who makes money.


moneyen

moneyen (infinitive)
to moneyen (infinitive)
moneye (infinitive)
moneye (first-person present singular)
moneyed (first-person past singular)
moneyest (present second-person singular)
moneyedest (past second-person singular)
moneyeth (present singular third-person)
moneyed (past singular third-person)
moneye (present singular subjunctive)
moneyed (past singular subjunctive)
moneye (imperative present singular)
moneyen (plural present)
moneye (plural present)
moneyeden (past plural)
moneyede (past plural)
moneyeth (imperative plural present)
moneye (imperative plural present)
moneyynge (participle present)
moneyende (participle present)
moneyed (participle past)
ymoneyed (participle past)


moneyour

English: moneyer

From money + -our; reinforced by Anglo-Norman monoiier, monneiere, monnier.

One who deals in money; one who works in finance.


wely

English: wealy (obsolete)

Inherited from Old English weliġ, weoliġ, from Proto-West Germanic *welag; equivalent to wele (“weal”) + -y.

Wealthy, rich; possessing wealth or affluence.


senyour

English: seignior

From Old French seignor, from Latin senior. Doublet of sire.

A respectful term of address for a noble.

Ruler, potentate; one with dominion or authority.

An elder; one having authority due to their old age.


paunche

English: paunch

Scots: painch

From Old French pance, from Latin panticem, accusative of pantex. Doublet of paunce.


stacioun

desctree

English: station
→ Hindi: स्टेशन (sṭeśan)
→ Irish: stáisiún
→ Malay: stesen
→ Punjabi: سٹیشن/ਸਟੇਸ਼ਨ (sṭeśan)
→ Scottish Gaelic: stèisean
→ Swahili: stesheni
→ Urdu: سْٹیشَن (sṭeśan), اِسْٹیشَن (isṭeśan)

Scots: station

From Anglo-Norman estation, from Latin statiōnem, accusative of statiō (“outpost”).

(astronomy) The (seeming) fixedness of a planet or the Sun.


reaccion

English: reaction

(chemistry) reaction (chemical interaction resulting in one or more substances being converted into another)


conjuracioun

English: conjuration

Borrowed from Middle French conjuration, conjuracion, from Old French conjuracion, from Latin coniūrātiō; equivalent to conjuren + -acioun. Doublet of conjurisoun.


moistnesse

English: moistness


foyle

English: foil

Scots: foilzie, foolyie

Borrowed from Middle French fueille, feuille, from Old French fueille, from Late Latin folia, originally the plural of folium.


olde fader

English: eldfather

Scots: eldfader

From Old English ealdefæder, variant of eald fæder; equivalent to old + fader. In some forms, the first element is influenced by elde.


stepfader

English: stepfather

Scots: stepfaither

From Old English stēopfæder, from Proto-Germanic *steupafadēr; equivalent to step- + fader.


stepmoder

English: stepmother

Scots: stap-mither

From Old English stēopmōdor, from Proto-Germanic *steupamōdēr; equivalent to step- + moder.


stepdoughter

English: stepdaughter

From Old English stēopdohtor (“stepdaughter”), from Proto-Germanic *steupaduhtēr (“stepdaughter”); equivalent to step- + doughter.


stepsone

English: stepson

From Old English stēopsunu (“stepson”), from Proto-Germanic *steupasunuz (“stepson”); equivalent to step- + sone.


soupen

soupen (infinitive)
to soupen (infinitive)
soupe (infinitive)
soupe (first-person present singular)
sop (first-person past singular)
souped (first-person past singular)
soupest (present second-person singular)
sope (past second-person singular)
sop (past second-person singular)
soupedest (past second-person singular)
soupeth (present singular third-person)
sop (past singular third-person)
souped (past singular third-person)
soupe (present singular subjunctive)
sope (past singular subjunctive)
souped (past singular subjunctive)
soupe (imperative present singular)
soupen (plural present)
soupe (plural present)
sopen (past plural)
sope (past plural)
soupeden (past plural)
soupede (past plural)
soupeth (imperative plural present)
soupe (imperative plural present)
soupynge (participle present)
soupende (participle present)
sopen (participle past)
sope (participle past)
souped (participle past)
ysopen (participle past)
ysope (participle past)
ysouped (participle past)

English: sup, soup

Scots: soup, sowp, sup

From Old English sūpan (strong class 2), from Proto-West Germanic *sūpan.


faxwax

English: paxwax

From fax (“head hair”) + waxen (“to grow”).

The nuchal ligament (supporting the back of the neck)


grene wax

English: green wax

Named for the green wax seal of the Exchequer.


vexacioun

English: vexation

from Old French vexacion, from Latin vexātiō; equivalent to vexen + -acioun.


sculle

English: skull

gl

forms with -t merger with or from Old Norse <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">skoltr</i>

Scots: scull, skult, skolt (forms with -t merger with or from Old Norse skoltr)

Origin uncertain. Likely from Old Norse *skulli, a variant of skalli (“bald head, skull”). Compare dialectal Swedish skulle (“skull”). Compare also Old Norse skoltr (“browridge”), Norwegian skolt (“skull, pate”).


medwe

English: meadow

Scots: meedow

→ Irish: míodún

From the oblique forms of Old English mǣd, mēd, from Proto-West Germanic *mādu, from Proto-Germanic *mēdwō. Doublet of mede (“meadow”).


concepcioun

English: conception

Borrowed from Old French conception, from Latin conceptiō.


conceyven

conceyven (infinitive)
to conceyven (infinitive)
conceyve (infinitive)
conceyve (first-person present singular)
conceyved (first-person past singular)
conceyvest (present second-person singular)
conceyvedest (past second-person singular)
conceyveth (present singular third-person)
conceyved (past singular third-person)
conceyve (present singular subjunctive)
conceyved (past singular subjunctive)
conceyve (imperative present singular)
conceyven (plural present)
conceyve (plural present)
conceyveden (past plural)
conceyvede (past plural)
conceyveth (imperative plural present)
conceyve (imperative plural present)
conceyvynge (participle present)
conceyvende (participle present)
conceyved (participle past)
yconceyved (participle past)

English: conceive

From Old French concevoir, from Latin concipiō.


quytaunce

English: quittance

Scots: cuttance

From Old French quitance (modern French quittance), from Latin quietantia; equivalent to quyten + -aunce.


dwynen

enm-verb

dwynen (third-person singular simple present dwyneth, present participle dwynende, dwynynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle dwyned)

dwyneth (present singular third-person)
dwynende (participle present)
dwynynge (participle present)
dwyned (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
dwynen (infinitive)
to dwynen (infinitive)
dwyne (infinitive)
dwyne (first-person present singular)
dwyned (first-person past singular)
dwynest (present second-person singular)
dwynedest (past second-person singular)
dwyneth (present singular third-person)
dwyned (past singular third-person)
dwyne (present singular subjunctive)
dwyned (past singular subjunctive)
dwyne (imperative present singular)
dwynen (plural present)
dwyne (plural present)
dwyneden (past plural)
dwynede (past plural)
dwyneth (imperative plural present)
dwyne (imperative plural present)
dwynynge (participle present)
dwynende (participle present)
dwyned (participle past)
ydwyned (participle past)

English: dwine

Scots: dwine

From Old English dwīnan, from Proto-West Germanic *dwīnan, from Proto-Germanic *dwīnaną.


harwe

English: harrow

Scots: harra

Yola: harroue

Either from an Old English *hearwa or borrowed from Old Norse harfr/herfi.


peny

English: penny, pence (see there for further descendants)

Scots: penny

From Old English penniġ, a form of penning, from Proto-West Germanic *panning, from Proto-Germanic *panningaz.

Money or coinage (especially that with little value).


hundredpeny

From hundred (“administrative division”) + peny.

af

(rare) A tax levied on a hundred (administrative division)


vaute

English: vault

Scots: vowt

→ Welsh: fowt

From Old French volte, from Latin voluta, modification of volūta.

An arched supporting structure; a vault.

A chamber or cellar, especially if vaulted.


tresour

English: treasure

Scots: treisur

From Old French tresor, from Latin thēsaurus, from Ancient Greek θησαυρός (thēsaurós).

treasure, hoard (collection of valuables)

Something or someone of great value:
treasure (a valuable possession)

Something or someone of great value:
gift, talent (valuable faculty)

A treasury or vault (repository for valuables)


busshel

English: bushel

Scots: bushel

ne me tendiþ not a lanterne / ⁊ puttiþ it vndur a buſſhel [translating mōdius] · but on a candilſtike· that it ȝyue liȝt to alle þat ben in þe hous

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 5:15, page 1v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

You don't light a lamp and put it under a bushel, but on a candlestick, so it gives light to everybody who's at home.


passyf

English: passive

Yola: parshagh

Borrowed from Middle French or Old French passif, from Latin passivus.

(grammar) passive (in the passive voice)


passyf

English: passive


actyf

English: active

Scots: ackie

From Old French actif, from Latin āctīvus; equivalent to acte + -yf.

(grammar) active (relating to the active voice)


actyf

English: active


jacynct

English: jacinth

Scots: jacinct (obsolete)

Borrowed from Old French jacinte, from Medieval Latin jacintus, jacinthus, from Latin hyacinthus, from Ancient Greek ὑάκινθος (huákinthos).


basilicke

English: basilisk

Borrowed from Old French basilique, from Latin basiliscus, from Ancient Greek βασιλίσκος (basilískos).

(rare, alchemy) A formula for transmutation.


forgynge

English: forging


forow

English: furrow

Scots: furr

From Old English furh, from Proto-Germanic *furhs, from Proto-Indo-European *perḱ-.


brawne

English: brawn

Scots: bran

From Old French braon, from Frankish *brādon, *brādan, accusative form of *brādō, from Proto-Germanic *brēdô (“meat, roast”). Doublet of brede (“roasted meat”).


imbiben

imbiben (infinitive)
to imbiben (infinitive)
imbibe (infinitive)
imbibe (first-person present singular)
imbibed (first-person past singular)
imbibest (present second-person singular)
imbibedest (past second-person singular)
imbibeth (present singular third-person)
imbibed (past singular third-person)
imbibe (present singular subjunctive)
imbibed (past singular subjunctive)
imbibe (imperative present singular)
imbiben (plural present)
imbibe (plural present)
imbibeden (past plural)
imbibede (past plural)
imbibeth (imperative plural present)
imbibe (imperative plural present)
imbibynge (participle present)
imbibende (participle present)
imbibed (participle past)

English: imbibe

Borrowed from Latin imbibō. It has been suggested that the loan was mediated through Middle French imbiber, but this is unlikely.


gemow

English: gemel; gimbal; jimmer (influenced by Latin)

Borrowed from Old French gemel, from Latin gemellus.


pyntel

English: pintle

Scots: pintle

From Old English pintel, from Proto-Germanic *pint-.


indignacioun

English: indignation

From Old French indignation, from Latin indignātiō; compare endeynen.


dignyte

English: dignity

Borrowed from Old French dignite, from Latin dignitās, dignitātem; equivalent to digne + -ite. Doublet of deynte and deynteth.

(astrology) The heightened influence of a planet.


disdeynen

disdeynen (infinitive)
to disdeynen (infinitive)
disdeyne (infinitive)
disdeyne (first-person present singular)
disdeyned (first-person past singular)
disdeynest (present second-person singular)
disdeynedest (past second-person singular)
disdeyneth (present singular third-person)
disdeyned (past singular third-person)
disdeyne (present singular subjunctive)
disdeyned (past singular subjunctive)
disdeyne (imperative present singular)
disdeynen (plural present)
disdeyne (plural present)
disdeyneden (past plural)
disdeynede (past plural)
disdeyneth (imperative plural present)
disdeyne (imperative plural present)
disdeynynge (participle present)
disdeynende (participle present)
disdeyned (participle past)

English: disdain

Scots: disdain

Borrowed from Old French desdeignier; equivalent to dis- + deynen. Compare deynen (“to disdain”).


disdeyne

English: disdain

Scots: disdain

Borrowed from Old French desdeigne; compare deyne.

(rare, pathology) The inflammation of a wound.


spumen

spumen (infinitive)
to spumen (infinitive)
spume (infinitive)
spume (first-person present singular)
spumed (first-person past singular)
spumest (present second-person singular)
spumedest (past second-person singular)
spumeth (present singular third-person)
spumed (past singular third-person)
spume (present singular subjunctive)
spumed (past singular subjunctive)
spume (imperative present singular)
spumen (plural present)
spume (plural present)
spumeden (past plural)
spumede (past plural)
spumeth (imperative plural present)
spume (imperative plural present)
spumynge (participle present)
spumende (participle present)
spumed (participle past)

English: spume

Borrowed from Old French espumer, from Latin spūmāre.


augrym

desctree

English: algorithm, algorism (obsolete), augrim (obsolete)
→ Japanese: アルゴリズム (arugorizumu)
→ Korean: 알고리즘 (algorijeum)

→ Welsh: awgrym

From Anglo-Norman algorisme, augrim, from Medieval Latin algorismus, from Arabic الخَوَارِزْمِيّ (al-ḵawārizmiyy).

der

الخَوَارِزْمِيّ


mollifien

enm-verb

mollifien (third-person singular simple present molleth, present participle mollende, mollynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle molled)

molleth (present singular third-person)
mollende (participle present)
mollynge (participle present)
molled (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
mollifien (infinitive)
to mollifien (infinitive)
mollifie (infinitive)
mollifie (first-person present singular)
mollified (first-person past singular)
mollifiest (present second-person singular)
mollifiedest (past second-person singular)
mollifieth (present singular third-person)
mollified (past singular third-person)
mollifie (present singular subjunctive)
mollified (past singular subjunctive)
mollifie (imperative present singular)
mollifien (plural present)
mollifie (plural present)
mollifieden (past plural)
mollifiede (past plural)
mollifieth (imperative plural present)
mollifie (imperative plural present)
mollifiynge (participle present)
mollifiende (participle present)
mollified (participle past)
ymollified (participle past)

English: mollify

Borrowed from Late Latin mollificō; equivalent to mollen + -ifien.


mukken

mukken (infinitive)
to mukken (infinitive)
mukke (infinitive)
mukke (first-person present singular)
mukked (first-person past singular)
mukkest (present second-person singular)
mukkedest (past second-person singular)
mukketh (present singular third-person)
mukked (past singular third-person)
mukke (present singular subjunctive)
mukked (past singular subjunctive)
mukke (imperative present singular)
mukken (plural present)
mukke (plural present)
mukkeden (past plural)
mukkede (past plural)
mukketh (imperative plural present)
mukke (imperative plural present)
mukkynge (participle present)
mukkende (participle present)
mukked (participle past)
ymukked (participle past)

English: muck

Scots: muck

From muk (“muck”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


bredthe

English: breadth

Scots: breedth, breeth

From brede (“breadth”) + -the (abstract nominal suffix).


hondbrede

⇒ English: handbreadth

Scots: handbreid

From hond + brede (“breadth”); some forms are influenced by brood (“broad”). The supposed Old English *handbrǣd, *handbrǣdu mentioned by some sources is not likely to have existed.


moldyng

English: molding, moulding


sowere

English: sower

Yola: zoweare, sowere

From Old English sāwere; equivalent to sowen (“to sow”) + -er.

(figurative) One who engenders or disseminates.


mawmetrie

English: mammetry

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman maumeterie, mahumetterie; equivalent to mawmet + -erie.

Idolatry, paganism:
Occult practices; witchcraft.


ydole

English: idol

Scots: eedol

Borrowed from Old French idole, idele, from Latin īdōlum, from Ancient Greek εἴδωλον (eídōlon).

(rare, technical) An image formed at the eye.


farowen

farowen (infinitive)
to farowen (infinitive)
farowe (infinitive)
farowe (first-person present singular)
farowed (first-person past singular)
farowest (present second-person singular)
farowedest (past second-person singular)
faroweth (present singular third-person)
farowed (past singular third-person)
farowe (present singular subjunctive)
farowed (past singular subjunctive)
farowe (imperative present singular)
farowen (plural present)
farowe (plural present)
faroweden (past plural)
farowede (past plural)
faroweth (imperative plural present)
farowe (imperative plural present)
farowynge (participle present)
farowende (participle present)
farowed (participle past)
yfarowed (participle past)

English: farrow

From *farow (“farrow”) + -en (infinitival suffix), possibly through an Old English *feargian, formed from fearh.


sched

q

dialectal <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">shode</i>

English: shed (dialectal shode)

Scots: shed

A conflation of Old English sċēada and ġesċēad; compare scheden.

(Early Middle English) Judgement, discernment.


fleyl

desc

dialectal <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">frail</i>

English: flail (dialectal frail)

Scots: flail

Yola: vleal

From Old English *flegel, fligel, from Proto-West Germanic *flagil, probably from Latin flagellum. Possibly a doublet of frayel.


schedynge

English: shedding


ydiote

English: idiot, idget, eejit

Scots: eediot, eejit, idiwut

From Old French idiote, from Latin idiota, from Ancient Greek ἰδιώτης (idiṓtēs).


wyndynge

English: winding


wynden

enm-verb

wynden (third-person singular simple present wyndeth, present participle wyndynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative wand, past participle wounden)

wyndeth (present singular third-person)
wyndynge (participle present)
wand (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
wounden (participle past)
winden (infinitive)
to winden (infinitive)
winde (infinitive)
winde (first-person present singular)
wand (first-person past singular)
wound (first-person past singular)
windest (present second-person singular)
wounde (past second-person singular)
wand (past second-person singular)
wound (past second-person singular)
windeth (present singular third-person)
wint (present singular third-person)
wand (past singular third-person)
wound (past singular third-person)
winde (present singular subjunctive)
wounde (past singular subjunctive)
winde (imperative present singular)
winden (plural present)
winde (plural present)
wounden (past plural)
wounde (past plural)
windeth (imperative plural present)
winde (imperative plural present)
windynge (participle present)
windende (participle present)
wounden (participle past)
wounde (participle past)
ywounden (participle past)
ywounde (participle past)

English: wind

Scots: wind, wund, win, wun

From Old English windan, from Proto-West Germanic *windan, from Proto-Germanic *windaną.


tithyng

English: tithing

From Old English tēoðung, tēoðing; equivalent to tithe + -ing.

tithe (tenth of one's income given to clergy)


tithen

tithen (infinitive)
to tithen (infinitive)
tithe (infinitive)
tithe (first-person present singular)
tithed (first-person past singular)
tithest (present second-person singular)
tithedest (past second-person singular)
titheth (present singular third-person)
tithed (past singular third-person)
tithe (present singular subjunctive)
tithed (past singular subjunctive)
tithe (imperative present singular)
tithen (plural present)
tithe (plural present)
titheden (past plural)
tithede (past plural)
titheth (imperative plural present)
tithe (imperative plural present)
tithynge (participle present)
tithende (participle present)
tithed (participle past)
ytithed (participle past)

English: tithe

From Old English tēoþian, teogoðian; equivalent to tithe + -en (infinitival suffix).


inscicioun

English: incision

From Middle French incision, from Latin incisiō.


talow

English: tallow

Scots: tauch, tallon

From Old English *tealg, *tealh, from Proto-West Germanic *talg, from Proto-Germanic *talgaz, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dolgʰos.

suet (the adipose tissues of an animal).


herberwen

herberwen (infinitive)
to herberwen (infinitive)
herberwe (infinitive)
herberwe (first-person present singular)
herberwed (first-person past singular)
herberwest (present second-person singular)
herberwedest (past second-person singular)
herberweth (present singular third-person)
herberwed (past singular third-person)
herberwe (present singular subjunctive)
herberwed (past singular subjunctive)
herberwe (imperative present singular)
herberwen (plural present)
herberwe (plural present)
herberweden (past plural)
herberwede (past plural)
herberweth (imperative plural present)
herberwe (imperative plural present)
herberwynge (participle present)
herberwende (participle present)
herberwed (participle past)
yherberwed (participle past)

English: harbor, harbour

Scots: hairbor, hairbour

From Old English herebeorgian; equivalent to herberwe + -en (infinitival suffix).

foꝛ I hungride .· ⁊ ȝe ȝauen me to ete / and I þirſtide .· and ȝe ȝauen me to dꝛynke / I was herboꝛles .· ⁊ ȝe herboꝛiden me[…]

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 25:35, page 14r, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

Because I was hungry, and you gave me something to eat; I was thirsty, and you gave me something to drink; I was homeless, and you sheltered me […]

To accommodate or lodge; to have as a guest:

To give out accommodations (to someone).

To dwell or stay; to make accommodation.


anoyen

anoyen (infinitive)
to anoyen (infinitive)
anoye (infinitive)
anoye (first-person present singular)
anoyed (first-person past singular)
anoyest (present second-person singular)
anoyedest (past second-person singular)
anoyeth (present singular third-person)
anoyed (past singular third-person)
anoye (present singular subjunctive)
anoyed (past singular subjunctive)
anoye (imperative present singular)
anoyen (plural present)
anoye (plural present)
anoyeden (past plural)
anoyede (past plural)
anoyeth (imperative plural present)
anoye (imperative plural present)
anoyynge (participle present)
anoyende (participle present)
anoyed (participle past)
yanoyed (participle past)

English: annoy

Borrowed from Old French enoiier (and variants thereof), from Late Latin inodiāre.


noyaunce

English: noyance

From Anglo-Norman noyaunce, reinforced through aphesis of anoyaunce; equivalent to noyen + -aunce.

(rare) An injury; the infliction of harm.


anoyous

English: annoyous

Borrowed from Old French enuius, anoios; equivalent to anoy + -ous.

14th c., Geoffrey Chaucer, Frederic J. Furnival (Editor), The Cambridge MS. Dd. 4. 24 or Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, London; Published by teh Chaucer Society, 1902: pg. 650, [728]

Ayeinst this horrible Synne of Accidie / and Þe brauches of the same / there is a vertu Þat is called ffortitudo or Strength / Þat is an affection / Þurgh for which a man espiseth annoyous Þynges

(rare) troublesome, challenging, annoying


noyen

noyen (infinitive)
to noyen (infinitive)
noye (infinitive)
noye (first-person present singular)
noyed (first-person past singular)
noyest (present second-person singular)
noyedest (past second-person singular)
noyeth (present singular third-person)
noyed (past singular third-person)
noye (present singular subjunctive)
noyed (past singular subjunctive)
noye (imperative present singular)
noyen (plural present)
noye (plural present)
noyeden (past plural)
noyede (past plural)
noyeth (imperative plural present)
noye (imperative plural present)
noyynge (participle present)
noyende (participle present)
noyed (participle past)
ynoyed (participle past)

English: noy (obsolete)

Scots: noy (obsolete)

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman nuier, reinforced through aphesis of anoyen. Compare anoyen.


noysom

English: noisome

From noy (“trouble, sorrow”) + -som. More at noisome.


crouche

English: crouch (obsolete)

From Old English crūċ, from Latin crucem. Doublet of cross and croys.
The final vowel is generalised from the Old English oblique cases.


croket

English: crocket

From Anglo-Norman croket; a doublet of crochet.


colk

>? English: coke

Possibly from Old English *colc, from Proto-West Germanic *kolk (“hollow, depression”), from Proto-Germanic *kulukaz, *kelukaz, *kelukô, a diminutive of *kelǭ (“throat”).


carpentrie

English: carpentry

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman carpenterie; equivalent to carpenter + -ie.


spawde

English: spauld

Scots: spaul

From Old French espalde (French épaule), from Latin spatula.


loyne

From Old French loigne, from Medieval Latin longia, longea.

(especially falconry) A cord used as a leash or restraint.


dwellynge

English: dwelling


calwe

English: callow

From calw-, the oblique stem of Old English calu, from Proto-West Germanic *kalu, from Proto-Germanic *kalwaz.


muscilage

English: mucilage

Borrowed from Middle French mucilage, from Late Latin mūcilāgō.


besaunt

English: bezant, basant, besant, byzant

From Old French besant, from Latin byzantius.

A bezant (Byzantine gold coin) or similar coin:

An ancient coin, especially a talent, drachma, or mina.


bawme

English: balm

Scots: baum

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman, Middle French baume, from Old French basme, from Latin balsamum. Doublet of balsamum.

(rare) Lamp oil impregnated with balsam.


taxen

taxen (infinitive)
to taxen (infinitive)
taxe (infinitive)
taxe (first-person present singular)
taxed (first-person past singular)
taxest (present second-person singular)
taxedest (past second-person singular)
taxeth (present singular third-person)
taxed (past singular third-person)
taxe (present singular subjunctive)
taxed (past singular subjunctive)
taxe (imperative present singular)
taxen (plural present)
taxe (plural present)
taxeden (past plural)
taxede (past plural)
taxeth (imperative plural present)
taxe (imperative plural present)
taxynge (participle present)
taxende (participle present)
taxed (participle past)
ytaxed (participle past)

English: tax

Scots: tax

From Old French taxer, from Latin taxō, taxāre; equivalent to taxe (“tax”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


taxacioun

English: taxation

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman taxacion, from Latin taxātiō, taxātiōnem. Equivalent to taxe + -acioun.


fermour

desctree

English: farmer
→ Kashubian: farmôrz (Canada, United States)
→ Yiddish: פֿאַרמער (farmer)

Scots: fermer, fairmer

A remodelling of Old French fermier (from Medieval Latin firmarius) after ferme (“lease”) + -our.

A tax collector entitled to retain their proceeds for a fixed fee.


purgynge

English: purging

Purifying; removal of impurities or extraneous matter.


lyvere

English: liver

Yola: lewer


cheker

English: checker, chequer (checkers, chequers)

From Anglo-Norman escheker, from Medieval Latin scaccarium; equivalent to chek + -er. Doublet of escheker.

(by extension) The Exchequer (English fiscal department)


mattok

English: mattock

Yola: mattoke


sadnesse

English: sadness

Scots: sadness

Formed anew from sad + -nesse; compare Old English sædnysse (“fatigue”).


godsone

English: godson

Scots: godson

From Old English godsunu; equivalent to god + sone (“son”).


wyfly

English: wifely

Scots: wifely (obsolete)

Either from Old English wīflīċ (itself from Proto-West Germanic *wībalīk) or a new formation from wyf + -ly (adjectival suffix).


chaufen

chaufen (infinitive)
to chaufen (infinitive)
chaufe (infinitive)
chaufe (first-person present singular)
chaufed (first-person past singular)
chaufest (present second-person singular)
chaufedest (past second-person singular)
chaufeth (present singular third-person)
chaufed (past singular third-person)
chaufe (present singular subjunctive)
chaufed (past singular subjunctive)
chaufe (imperative present singular)
chaufen (plural present)
chaufe (plural present)
chaufeden (past plural)
chaufede (past plural)
chaufeth (imperative plural present)
chaufe (imperative plural present)
chaufynge (participle present)
chaufende (participle present)
chaufed (participle past)
ychaufed (participle past)

English: chafe

Scots: chaff

Borrowed from Old French chaufer, from Latin calefacere, calfacere.


creaunce

English: creance

Borrowed from Old French creance (earlier credance), from Latin crēdentia. Doublet of credence.


melten

enm-verb

melten (third-person singular simple present melteth, present participle meltynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative malt, past participle molten)

melteth (present singular third-person)
meltynge (participle present)
malt (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
molten (participle past)
melten (infinitive)
to melten (infinitive)
melte (infinitive)
melte (first-person present singular)
malt (first-person past singular)
melted (first-person past singular)
meltest (present second-person singular)
molte (past second-person singular)
melte (past second-person singular)
malt (past second-person singular)
meltedest (past second-person singular)
melteth (present singular third-person)
malt (past singular third-person)
melted (past singular third-person)
melte (present singular subjunctive)
molte (past singular subjunctive)
melte (past singular subjunctive)
melted (past singular subjunctive)
melte (imperative present singular)
melten (plural present)
melte (plural present)
molten (past plural)
molte (past plural)
melten (past plural)
melte (past plural)
melteden (past plural)
meltede (past plural)
melteth (imperative plural present)
melte (imperative plural present)
meltynge (participle present)
meltende (participle present)
molten (participle past)
molte (participle past)
melten (participle past)
melte (participle past)
melted (participle past)

English: melt

Scots: melt

Yola: multh

From Old English meltan (strong class 3), from Proto-West Germanic *meltan, from Proto-Germanic *meltaną; reinforced by Old English mieltan, myltan (weak class 1).

To melt (change from solid to liquid):
To blend or fuse (of metal or glass).

(by extension) To dissolve, disperse, or vanish.

To melt (change from solid to liquid):
To dissolve, disperse, or vanish.

To mollify; to repent or become caring:
To cause to repent or become caring.

To mollify; to repent or become caring:
To weaken; to be sapped of strength.

To decay; to become wasted or decomposed.


scluse

English: sluice

From Old French escluse, from Late Latin exclūsa.


sclise

English: slice

Scots: sclice

Borrowed from Old French esclice, from esclicier.


fyry

q

obsolete <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">firy</i>

English: fiery (obsolete firy)

Scots: firy

Like fire; pertaining to fire:
Influenced by fire (as in alchemy)


wasshen

wasshen (infinitive)
to wasshen (infinitive)
wasshe (infinitive)
wasshe (first-person present singular)
wessh (first-person past singular)
wossh (first-person past singular)
wasshest (present second-person singular)
wesshe (past second-person singular)
wosshe (past second-person singular)
wessh (past second-person singular)
wossh (past second-person singular)
wassheth (present singular third-person)
wessh (past singular third-person)
wossh (past singular third-person)
wasshe (present singular subjunctive)
wesshe (past singular subjunctive)
wosshe (past singular subjunctive)
wasshe (imperative present singular)
wasshen (plural present)
wasshe (plural present)
wesshen (past plural)
wesshe (past plural)
wosshen (past plural)
wosshe (past plural)
wassheth (imperative plural present)
wasshe (imperative plural present)
wasshynge (participle present)
wasshende (participle present)
wasshen (participle past)
wasshe (participle past)
ywasshe (participle past)

English: wash
→ Swazi: washa

Scots: wash, wesh

From Old English wascan, from Proto-West Germanic *waskan, from Proto-Germanic *waskaną.

To wash; to clean with liquid:
To immerse or soak in liquid.

To wash; to clean with liquid:
(medicine) To clean a wound.

To wash; to clean with liquid:
To clean a wound.


wasshe

English: wash

Scots: wash

From Old English wæsċ and Old English wæsċe. See the verb wasshen.


wasshere

English: washer

One who debases coins by using acid to wear at the metal.


wasshynge

English: washing

Middle Scots: wasching

Scots: washin

From Old English *wæsċing, equivalent to wasshen + -ing.

The process of washing or cleaning:
(medicine) The bathing of a wound.

The process of washing or cleaning:
The bathing of a wound.

Something used to wash or clean:
(rare) Water used to wash; dishwater.

Something used to wash or clean:
Water used to wash; dishwater.


locion

English: lotion

(rare, Late Middle English) A pharmaceutical ointment.


acounte

desctree

English: account
→ Bulgarian: ака́унт (akáunt)
→ Japanese: アカウント (akaunto)
→ Malay: akaun
→ Pohnpeian: akaund
→ Russian: аккаунт (akkaunt)
→ Swahili: akaunti

Scots: accoont, account

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman acounte, aconte, from aconter (see acounten). Equivalent to a- + counte (“computation”).

(often in the plural) An account (financial record)

(specifically) One's explanation at the Last Judgement.


maturacioun

English: maturation

From Middle French maturation, from Latin maturatio; equivalent to maturen + -acioun.

(medicine) maturation (discharging of pus)

(medicine, rare) Having tendency to cause such maturation.


maturatif

enm-noun

maturatif (plural maturatives or maturatifs)

maturatives (plural)
maturatifs (plural)

English: maturative

From Middle French maturatif, from Medieval Latin mātūrātīvus; equivalent to maturen + -atyf.

(medicine) suppurative (medicine causing discharging of pus)


maturatif

English: maturative

(medicine, rare) Currently discharging pus; suppurative.


maturynge

(medicine, rare) suppurative (medicine causing discharging of pus)


maturen

maturen (infinitive)
to maturen (infinitive)
mature (infinitive)
mature (first-person present singular)
matured (first-person past singular)
maturest (present second-person singular)
maturedest (past second-person singular)
matureth (present singular third-person)
matured (past singular third-person)
mature (present singular subjunctive)
matured (past singular subjunctive)
mature (imperative present singular)
maturen (plural present)
mature (plural present)
matureden (past plural)
maturede (past plural)
matureth (imperative plural present)
mature (imperative plural present)
maturynge (participle present)
maturende (participle present)
matured (participle past)

English: mature

From Middle French maturen or its etymon Latin mātūrō.


maunde

English: maundy (Maundy Thursday)

Borrowed from Old French mande, from Latin mandātum.

A washing of feet (by Christ or at Maundy Thursday).


swymmen

enm-verb

swymmen (third-person singular simple present swymmen, present participle swymmynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative swam, past participle swummen)

swymmen (present singular third-person)
swymmynge (participle present)
swam (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
swummen (participle past)
swymmen (infinitive)
to swymmen (infinitive)
swymme (infinitive)
swymme (first-person present singular)
swam (first-person past singular)
swymmed (first-person past singular)
swymmest (present second-person singular)
swumme (past second-person singular)
swam (past second-person singular)
swymmedest (past second-person singular)
swymmeth (present singular third-person)
swam (past singular third-person)
swymmed (past singular third-person)
swymme (present singular subjunctive)
swumme (past singular subjunctive)
swymmed (past singular subjunctive)
swymme (imperative present singular)
swymmen (plural present)
swymme (plural present)
swummen (past plural)
swumme (past plural)
swymmeden (past plural)
swymmede (past plural)
swymmeth (imperative plural present)
swymme (imperative plural present)
swymmynge (participle present)
swymmende (participle present)
swummen (participle past)
swumme (participle past)
swymmed (participle past)

English: swim

Scots: sweem, soom

From Old English swimman, from Proto-West Germanic *swimman, from Proto-Germanic *swimmaną.
Forms in -e- and weak forms are possibly due to the conflation of this verb with an Old English *swemman.


curtylage

English: curtilage, courtledge, courtlage

Fingallian: curtlagh

Borrowed from Old French cortillage, curtillage; compare court.


solucioun

English: solution

Borrowed from Old French solucion, from Latin solūtiō, solūtiōnem; compare solven.

(alchemy, rare) A solution (mixture formed by dissolution)


resolucioun

English: resolution

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman resolucion or its etymon Latin resolūtiō, resolūtiōnem; equivalent to re- + solucioun. Compare resolven.

(medicine) The decomposition of humours or the ability to cause it.


countesse

English: countess

Borrowed from Old French contesse; equivalent to counte (“count”) + -esse.


solven

solven (infinitive)
to solven (infinitive)
solve (infinitive)
solve (first-person present singular)
solved (first-person past singular)
solvest (present second-person singular)
solvedest (past second-person singular)
solveth (present singular third-person)
solved (past singular third-person)
solve (present singular subjunctive)
solved (past singular subjunctive)
solve (imperative present singular)
solven (plural present)
solve (plural present)
solveden (past plural)
solvede (past plural)
solveth (imperative plural present)
solve (imperative plural present)
solvynge (participle present)
solvende (participle present)
solved (participle past)
ysolved (participle past)

English: solve

(chiefly medicine) To break up; to drive out.


dissolven

dissolven (infinitive)
to dissolven (infinitive)
dissolve (infinitive)
dissolve (first-person present singular)
dissolved (first-person past singular)
dissolvest (present second-person singular)
dissolvedest (past second-person singular)
dissolveth (present singular third-person)
dissolved (past singular third-person)
dissolve (present singular subjunctive)
dissolved (past singular subjunctive)
dissolve (imperative present singular)
dissolven (plural present)
dissolve (plural present)
dissolveden (past plural)
dissolvede (past plural)
dissolveth (imperative plural present)
dissolve (imperative plural present)
dissolvynge (participle present)
dissolvende (participle present)
dissolved (participle past)

English: dissolve

Borrowed from Latin dissolvō, dissolvere; equivalent to dis- + solven. Compare dissolucioun.


resolven

resolven (third-person singular simple present resolveth, present participle resolvende, resolvynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle resolved)

resolveth (present singular third-person)
resolvende (participle present)
resolvynge (participle present)
resolved (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
resolven (infinitive)
to resolven (infinitive)
resolve (infinitive)
resolve (first-person present singular)
resolved (first-person past singular)
resolvest (present second-person singular)
resolvedest (past second-person singular)
resolveth (present singular third-person)
resolved (past singular third-person)
resolve (present singular subjunctive)
resolved (past singular subjunctive)
resolve (imperative present singular)
resolven (plural present)
resolve (plural present)
resolveden (past plural)
resolvede (past plural)
resolveth (imperative plural present)
resolve (imperative plural present)
resolvynge (participle present)
resolvende (participle present)
resolved (participle past)

English: resolve

Borrowed from Latin resolvō, resolvere; equivalent to re- + solven. Compare resolucioun.

To transmute; to change state:
To cause to disintegrate or decompose.

To transmute; to change state:
To cause to melt or evanesce.

To transmute; to change state:
To dissolve or intermix.

(writing, mathematics) To put into an intelligible form.


creaunsour

English: creancer (historical)

Borrowed from Old French creanceor; equivalent to creaunce + -our.


creauncen

creauncen (infinitive)
to creauncen (infinitive)
creaunce (infinitive)
creaunce (first-person present singular)
creaunced (first-person past singular)
creauncest (present second-person singular)
creauncedest (past second-person singular)
creaunceth (present singular third-person)
creaunced (past singular third-person)
creaunce (present singular subjunctive)
creaunced (past singular subjunctive)
creaunce (imperative present singular)
creauncen (plural present)
creaunce (plural present)
creaunceden (past plural)
creauncede (past plural)
creaunceth (imperative plural present)
creaunce (imperative plural present)
creauncynge (participle present)
creauncende (participle present)
creaunced (participle past)
ycreaunced (participle past)

Borrowed from Old French creancier; equivalent to creaunce + -en (infinitival suffix).


dongeoun

English: dungeon, donjon

Scots: dungeon

Borrowed from Old French donjon (“main residence of a castle, fortified tower”). The sense "underground cell below the keep of a castle", first attested in Anglo-Norman (13th c.) and not in other varieties of Old French, may have been influenced by the etymologically unrelated Old English dung (“underground prison cell”). An early manuscript (c1300) of the Middle English poem A disputacion bytwene þe bodi and þe soule uses the word "donge" in the same line, cited below, where the later Vernon manuscript (c. 1380-1400) uses the word "dungoun" ("Þe erþe hemsulf it lek aȝeyn, Anon þe donge it was fordit").

m+

The eorthe closede hit self aȝeyn, And the dungoun was for-dit.

c. 1325 – 1390, A disputacion bytwene þe bodi and þe soule, (Vernon manuscript)


cressaunt

English: crescent

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman cressaunt and continental Old French creissant, both from Latin crēscēns, crēscēntem; equivalent to cresen + -ant.


walk-mylne

English: waulkmill, walkmill, waukmill

Scots: waulk-mill

From walken + mylne; compare parallel formations in other West Germanic languages such as Middle Dutch walcmōlen.


comparisoun

English: comparison

Scots: comparison

Borrowed from Old French comparison, comparaison, from Latin comparātiō, comparātiōnem; equivalent to comparen + -isoun.

(grammar) Grammatical comparison (of adjectives and adverbs)


achaufen

achaufen (infinitive)
to achaufen (infinitive)
achaufe (infinitive)
achaufe (first-person present singular)
achaufed (first-person past singular)
achaufest (present second-person singular)
achaufedest (past second-person singular)
achaufeth (present singular third-person)
achaufed (past singular third-person)
achaufe (present singular subjunctive)
achaufed (past singular subjunctive)
achaufe (imperative present singular)
achaufen (plural present)
achaufe (plural present)
achaufeden (past plural)
achaufede (past plural)
achaufeth (imperative plural present)
achaufe (imperative plural present)
achaufynge (participle present)
achaufende (participle present)
achaufed (participle past)

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman achaufer; equivalent to a- + chaufen.

(figurative) To inflame (an emotion or organ).


assheler

English: ashlar, ashler

Scots: aislar, aisler, aishler, estler

From Old French esselier, from Medieval Latin ascelāris, assellāris (for *axillāris, which is in fact attested, but only from Renaissance Latin onwards).


overchaufen

overchaufen (infinitive)
to overchaufen (infinitive)
overchaufe (first-person present singular)
overchaufed (first-person past singular)
overchaufest (present second-person singular)
overchaufedest (past second-person singular)
overchaufeth (present singular third-person)
overchaufed (past singular third-person)
overchaufe (present singular subjunctive)
overchaufed (past singular subjunctive)
overchaufe (imperative present singular)
overchaufen (plural present)
overchaufe (plural present)
overchaufeden (past plural)
overchaufede (past plural)
overchaufeth (imperative plural present)
overchaufe (imperative plural present)
overchaufynge (participle present)
overchaufende (participle present)
overchaufed (participle past)


costret

Borrowed from Old French costeret, ultimately from a suffixed form of Latin costa.


moddrie

Inherited from Old English mōdriġe, from Proto-West Germanic *mōdrijā.

(Early Middle English, rare) aunt (sister of one's parents)


pencioun

English: pension

Scots: pension

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman and Middle French pencion, pension, from Latin pēnsiō, pēnsiōnem.


Petres peny

English: Peter's pence

From Petres (genitive of Peter (“Peter”)) + peny (“penny”) or pens (“pence”) or other similar formations.

af

genitive of <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">Peter</i> (“Peter”)

Peter's pence, alms-fee (tax due to Rome collected from English homes)


scuage

English: escuage (restored from the etymon)

Borrowed from Old French escuage; equivalent to Old French escu + -age.

(Late Middle English) scutage (medieval English tax)


gulchen

gulchen (infinitive)
to gulchen (infinitive)
gulche (infinitive)
gulche (first-person present singular)
gulched (first-person past singular)
gulchest (present second-person singular)
gulchedest (past second-person singular)
gulcheth (present singular third-person)
gulched (past singular third-person)
gulche (present singular subjunctive)
gulched (past singular subjunctive)
gulche (imperative present singular)
gulchen (plural present)
gulche (plural present)
gulcheden (past plural)
gulchede (past plural)
gulcheth (imperative plural present)
gulche (imperative plural present)
gulchynge (participle present)
gulchende (participle present)
gulched (participle past)

English: gulch

Scots: gulch


mensken

enm-verb

mensken (third-person singular simple present mensketh, present participle menskynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle mensked)

mensketh (present singular third-person)
menskynge (participle present)
mensked (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
mensken (infinitive)
to mensken (infinitive)
menske (infinitive)
menske (first-person present singular)
mensked (first-person past singular)
menskest (present second-person singular)
menskedest (past second-person singular)
mensketh (present singular third-person)
mensked (past singular third-person)
menske (present singular subjunctive)
mensked (past singular subjunctive)
menske (imperative present singular)
mensken (plural present)
menske (plural present)
menskeden (past plural)
menskede (past plural)
mensketh (imperative plural present)
menske (imperative plural present)
menskynge (participle present)
menskende (participle present)
mensked (participle past)

English: mense (dialectal)

Scots: mense

From menske (“honour”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


lardener

English: lardiner (historical)

Scots: laidner (obsolete)

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman lardiner, apparently an alteration of larder (“larder”) after gardiner (“gardener”).

Þ[ar]for þe men off þat countꝛe / ffor ſwa fele þar mellit wer / Callit it þe Dowglas laꝛdner

c. 1375, “Book V”, in Iohne Barbour, De geſtis bellis et uirtutibus domini Roberti de Brwyß […] (The Brus, Advocates MS. 19.2.2), Ouchtirmunſye: Iohannes Ramſay, published 1489, folio 17, verso, lines 408-410; republished at Edinburgh: National Library of Scotland, c. 2010:

So people from that region, / because so many [corpses] were jumbled there, / called it "the Douglas larder".


houswyf

English: housewife, hussy

→ Latin: hūswīva

From hous (“house, home”) + wyf (“wife, woman”).

A housewife (chief woman of the household)


femynyne

English: feminine

Borrowed from Old French feminin; compare femele.

(grammar) Of feminine grammatical gender.


mayle

English: mail

Scots: mail

Borrowed from Old French maille, from Latin macula. Doublet of macula.


mylneston

English: millstone

Scots: millstane

Inherited from Old English mylnestān, mylenstān; equivalent to mylne + ston.


wyndmylne

English: windmill

Equivalent to wynd + mylne; compare parallel formations in other West Germanic languages such as Middle Dutch wintmōlen.


malvesye

English: malvesey, malvoisie

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman malvesie, malvesey, from Old Italian Malvasia, from Ancient Greek Μονεμβασία (Monembasía). Doublet of malmesye.


malmesye

English: malmsey

Borrowed from Middle Dutch malemeseye, from Old Italian Malvasia, from Ancient Greek Μονεμβασία (Monembasía). Doublet of malvesye.


masculyn

English: masculine

Borrowed from Old French masculin, from Latin masculīnus; compare male.

(grammar) Of masculine grammatical gender.


marow

English: marrow

Scots: merch, mery, mairch

Yola: marrough

From Old English mearg, from Proto-West Germanic *maʀg, from Proto-Germanic *mazgą, from Proto-Indo-European *mosgʰós.

The spinal cord (nerve tissue running down the spine)

The inside of fruits, grains, nuts, or seeds.

The soft interior portion of something:
The interior of a loaf of bread.

(figurative) The most important or best part.

The soft interior portion of something:
The most important or best part.


marowy

English: marrowy

Containing or resembling bone marrow; marrowy.


ernen

enm-verb

ernen (third-person singular simple present erneth, present participle ernende, ernynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle erned)

erneth (present singular third-person)
ernende (participle present)
ernynge (participle present)
erned (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
ernen (infinitive)
to ernen (infinitive)
erne (infinitive)
erne (first-person present singular)
erned (first-person past singular)
ernest (present second-person singular)
ernedest (past second-person singular)
erneth (present singular third-person)
erned (past singular third-person)
erne (present singular subjunctive)
erned (past singular subjunctive)
erne (imperative present singular)
ernen (plural present)
erne (plural present)
erneden (past plural)
ernede (past plural)
erneth (imperative plural present)
erne (imperative plural present)
ernynge (participle present)
ernende (participle present)
erned (participle past)

English: earn

Scots: earn

Inherited from Old English earnian, from Proto-West Germanic *aʀanōn, from Proto-Germanic *azanōną.


flourynge

English: flowering


slykeston

English: sleekstone; slickstone

sleekstone, slickstone (stone for polishing)


corner ston

desc

English: cornerstone, corner-stone, corner stone

Scots: cornerstane

Compound of corner + ston; a calque of Latin lapis angularis.

foꝛ which þing þe ſcripture ſeiþ / lo I ſchal ſette in ſyon þe hiȝeſt coꝛner ſtoo[n] [translating lapidem angularem] choſen ⁊ [pꝛe]ciouſe / ⁊ he þat ſchal bileue in hi[m] ſchal not be confou[n]dide

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Petre ·i· 2:6, page 111v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

Because Scripture says the following: "I'll lay the topmost cornerstone, chosen and precious, in Zion; anyone who believes in him will not be troubled."


schip bord

English: shipboard