abreggen

enm-verb

abreggen (third-person singular simple present abreggeth, present participle abreggende, abreggynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle abregged)

abreggeth (present singular third-person)
abreggende (participle present)
abreggynge (participle present)
abregged (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
abreggen (infinitive)
to abreggen (infinitive)
abregge (infinitive)
abregge (first-person present singular)
abregged (first-person past singular)
abreggest (present second-person singular)
abreggedest (past second-person singular)
abreggeth (present singular third-person)
abregged (past singular third-person)
abregge (present singular subjunctive)
abregged (past singular subjunctive)
abregge (imperative present singular)
abreggen (plural present)
abregge (plural present)
abreggeden (past plural)
abreggede (past plural)
abreggeth (imperative plural present)
abregge (imperative plural present)
abreggynge (participle present)
abreggende (participle present)
abregged (participle past)
yabregged (participle past)

English: abridge

From Old French abreger, from Latin abbreviō.


abstract

English: abstract

Scots: abstract

Drawn away or out of; detached:
Excerpted; quoted from another text.

Out of one's mind or detached from reality; temporarily insane.

Having been (pulled or moved) above the ground.

Drawn away or out of; detached:
Barely comprehensible; hard to read.

Drawn away or out of; detached:
(grammar) Abstract (of a noun).

Drawn away or out of; detached:
Abstract (of a noun).


abstract

English: abstract

Norwegian Bokmål: abstrakt

Scots: abstract

(Late Middle English, rare) abstract, synopsis


writer

English: writer

Scots: writer

From Old English wrītere. By surface analysis, writen + -er.

A draughtsman, or copyist; one who notes down the words of another.


clause

English: clause

From Old French clause, from Medieval Latin clausa.


vers

English: verse

Scots: varse (obsolete)

From a combination of Old French vers and Old English fers, both from Latin versus.

A line or passage of a text or work:
A line in a poem; part of a stanza.

A Biblical verse, especially of a psalm.

A stanza; a group of lines equivalent to the prose paragraph.

Verse, poetry; the poetic form and art as a whole.


song

songes (plural)
song (accusative nominative singular)
songes (accusative nominative plural)
songes (genitive singular)
songe (genitive plural)
songes (genitive plural)
songe (dative singular)
songen (dative plural)

English: song

Scots: song, sang

Yola: zong

From Old English sang, song, from Proto-West Germanic *sangw, from Proto-Germanic *sangwaz.


bible

English: Bible

Scots: Bible

From Old French bible, from Medieval Latin biblia, from biblia), from Ancient Greek βιβλία (biblía).

The Bible (Christian holy book); a copy of the Bible.


original

English: original

Scots: original, oreeginal

From Old French original, from Late Latin orīginālis; equivalent to origyne + -al.

(rare, law) a legal document beginning legal action


paper

desctree

English: paper
Tok Pisin: pepa
→ Rotokas: pepa
→ Dutch: paper
→ Eastern Arrernte: pipe
→ Esperanto: papero
Ido: papero
→ Hawaiian: pepa
→ Japanese: ペーパー (pēpā)
→ Malay: kertas (semantic loan)
→ Malayalam: പേപ്പർ (pēppaṟ)
→ Maori: pepa
→ Marshallese: peba
→ Mokilese: peipa
→ Niuean: pepa
→ Scottish Gaelic: pàipear
→ Southern Ndebele: iphepha
→ Spanish: paper
→ Swazi: líphepha
→ Xhosa: iphepha
→ Yoruba: bébà, pépà
→ Zulu: iphepha

Scots: paper

→ Welsh: papur

paper (thin, white writing surface made of wood pulp)


appel

English: apple (see there for further descendants)

Scots: aipple

From Old English æppel, from Proto-West Germanic *applu, from Proto-Germanic *aplaz, from *h₂bl-, the oblique stem of Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica#Translingual


parable

English: parable

Scots: parable

Yola: parboles (plural)

From Old French parable, parabole, from Late Latin parabola, from Ancient Greek παραβολή (parabolḗ).

A parable or narrative (usually teaching or illustrating a lesson)


cross

English: cross
→ Japanese: クロス (kurosu)

Scots: cross, cros

From Old English cros, borrowed from Old Norse kross, borrowed from Old Irish cros, borrowed from Latin crux. Doublet of crouche and croys.

(figurative) The cross in Christian metaphor:

(biblical) Christianity; the Christian religion.

The cross in Christian metaphor:
Christianity; the Christian religion.


acte

English: act

desc

Scots: ack, akk, ac', act, actt, auct, accke, aick, akk (older)

Yola: acte

Borrowed from Old French act, from Latin ācta, plural of āctus.


thorn

English: thorn

Scots: thorn; torn (Shetland)

Yola: thoornes, thorns, thurns

Inherited from Old English þorn, from Proto-West Germanic *þorn, from Proto-Germanic *þurnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós.


bok

English: book (see there for further descendants)

Geordie English: buik, beuk

Scots: buik, beuk, buke, beuck

Yola: buke

From Old English bōc, in turn from Proto-West Germanic *bōk, from Proto-Germanic *bōks.

book (a written document composed of pages)


table

English: table (see there for further descendants)

Geordie English: tyeble

Scots: table

→ Welsh: tabl

From a combination of Old French table and Old English tabele, tabul, tablu, tabule, tabula, both from Latin tabula.

A tablet, especially a portable one for writing on.

An inscribed memorial, dedication, message, or other text; a sign or monument.

(biblical) The physical Ten Commandments handed down from heaven.

A level, floor or storey (of a building)


worm

English: worm

Scots: worm, wirm

From Old English wyrm, from Proto-West Germanic *wurmi, from Proto-Germanic *wurmiz, from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥mis.


bord

English: board

Scots: buird, brod

Yola: borde


credence

English: credence

Borrowed from Old French credence, itself borrowed from Latin crēdentia. Doublet of creaunce.

Credence or credibility; the state of being reliable.


maker

English: maker

Scots: maker, macker, makar

→ English: makar

Yola: maakere, maakeare


Adam

English: Adam

Scots: Adam

From Old English Adam, from Latin Ādāmus, Ādām, from Ancient Greek Ἀδάμ (Adám), Ἄδαμος (Ádamos), from Biblical Hebrew אָדָם (adam).


Peter

English: Peter

Scots: Peter

Yola: Beedher, Peedher, Peether

From Old English Petrus, from Latin Petrus, from Ancient Greek Πέτρος (Pétros), from πέτρος (pétros, “stone, rock”).

Stille þou be peter. Wel i þe icnowe. / þou wolt fur ſake me þrien . ar þe coc him crowe.

c. 1275, Judas (Roud 2964, Child Ballad 23, Trinity College MS. B.14.39), folio 34, recto, lines 36-37; republished at Cambridge: Wren Digital Library (Trinity College), 2019 May 29:

"Quiet now, Peter. I know you well; / You'll forsake me three times when the cock crows."


James

desctree

⇒ English: James
⇒ English: Jim (diminutive)
⇒ English: Jimmy, Jimmie, Jimmi, Jimi (diminutive)
⇒ English: Jimbo (diminutive)
→ Hindi: जिम्बो (jimbo)
→ Hawaiian: Kimo
⇒ English: Jem (diminutive)
⇒ English: Jemmy (diminutive)
⇒ English: Jamie, Jamey (diminutive)
⇒ English: Jay (diminutive)
→ Chinese: → 詹姆斯 (Zhānmǔsī) (transliteration)
→ Cornish: Jammes, Jamma
→ Danish: James
→ Fijian: Semesa
→ Icelandic: James
→ Irish: Séamas, Séamus, Seumas
→ English: Seamus
→ Manx: Jayms
→ Maori: Hemi
→ Samoan: Semisi
→ Scottish Gaelic: Seumas
→ English: Hamish
→ Swedish: James
→ Welsh: Siâms

⇒ Scots: Jeams

⇒ Scots: Jeamie, Jeemie, Jamie, Jaimie (diminutive)

⇒ Scots: Jeamock (diminutive)

⇒ Scots: Jamesie (diminutive)

⇒ Scots: Jizer (diminutive)

⇒ Scots: Peem, Pim (diminutive)

⇒ Scots: Pimmie (diminutive)

⇒ Scots: Peemser (diminutive)

Yola: Jaames

From Old French James, from Vulgar Latin Iacomus, spoken and altered pronunciation of Latin Iacobus, from Ancient Greek Ἰάκωβος (Iákōbos), from Ἰακώβ (Iakṓb), from Hebrew יַעֲקֹב (Yaʿăqōḇ).

der

Hebrew יַעֲקֹב (Yaʿăqōḇ)

James (a male given name from Old French)


abece

q

obsolete <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">absey</i>

English: ABC (obsolete absey)

Scots: ABC, aw-bay-say

From A + B + C, the first three letters of the Latin alphabet, standing for the whole alphabet.


place

dialectal <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">pleace</i>

English: place (dialectal pleace)

Pijin: ples

Tok Pisin: ples

Scots: place, pleece

From Old English plæċe and Old French place, both from Latin platea, from Ancient Greek πλατεῖα (plateîa).

A location or position in or on a larger space (occupied by something or someone):

(mathematics) The place of a digit in a number written with Arabic numerals.


dialog

English: dialog, dialogue

Borrowed from Old French dialogue, from Latin dialogus, from Ancient Greek διάλογος (diálogos).

A literary discussion or a work written as one.


Elizabeth

English: Elizabeth

IN þe daies of eroude kyng of iudee · ẏ was a preſt ſacharie bi name : of þe ſorte of abia and his wijf was of þe douȝtris of aaron : ⁊ hir name was eliȝabeth /

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Luke 1:5, page 27r, column 1, lines 1–4; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:


helm

English: helm

Scots: helm

→ Welsh: helm

From Old English helm, from Proto-West Germanic *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz.

(rare, biblical) The crown of thorns that Jesus wore.


Marie

English: Marie, Mary

Yola: Maree

From Old French Marie, from Latin Maria, from Ancient Greek Μαρία (María), Μαριάμ (Mariám).

Whãne marıe þe modır of ıhũ was ſpouſıd to ıoſeph .· bıfoꝛe þeı camen togıdere . ſche was founden hauynge of þe hoolı gooſt ın þe wombe /

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 1:18, page 1r, column 2, lines 11–7 from the bottom; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:


stile

English: style, stile (obsolete) (see there for further descendants)

Scots: style

Borrowed from Medieval Latin stylus and Old French estile, style, from Latin stilus.

style (the way one acts or presents oneself)


tablet

English: tablet

Scots: taiblet

From Old French tablete; equivalent to table + -et.

A tablet, especially an easily carried one for writing on.

(biblical) The Ten Commandments in physical form handed down from heaven.

A level surface for painting or working upon.

(rare) A marble slab utilised as tiling.


patent

English: patent (adjective)

From Middle French patent, from Old French, from Latin patēns.


Abraham

English: Abraham

desc

Scots: Abraham, Aubrahaum, Aubrahawm, Awbrahawm

a male given name from Hebrew, equivalent to English Abraham


Muse

English: Muse, muse

Scots: Muse, muse

From Latin Mūsa, either directly or from Old French muse. Ultimately from Ancient Greek Μοῦσᾰ (Moûsa).


John

English: John

Scots: John

Yola: Jone, Joan, Joane

From Anglo-Norman Johan, Jehan, and also Old English Iohannes, both from Latin Iōhannēs, Iōannēs, from Koine Greek Ἰωάννης (Iōánnēs), from Hebrew יוֹחָנָן (Yōḥānān).

der

Hebrew יוֹחָנָן (Yōḥānān)

John the Baptist or John the Apostle/John the Evangelist (biblical figures)


nombre

English: number (see there for further descendants)

Scots: nummer

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman noumbre and Old French nonbre, from Latin numerus.

A number (entity used to describe quantity)

A digit (written representation of a number).

A count; the enumeration or measurement of a quantity.

A group or quantity (especially if large or in totality)


teme

English: theme

Scots: theme (obsolete)

Borrowed from Old French teme, tesme, from Latin thema, from Ancient Greek θέμα (théma).


historie

desctree

English: history, Hx, hx (chiefly medicine)
Pitcairn-Norfolk: histrei

Scots: history

Borrowed from Old French historie, a form of estorie, estoire, from Latin historia, from Ancient Greek ἱστορία (historía). Doublet of storie.

A (written) narrative, recounting, or chronicle; events in writing.

(rare) A history; a historical work or description of the past.

(rare) A portion of the Bible covering history.


singen

singen (infinitive)
to singen (infinitive)
singe (infinitive)
singe (first-person present singular)
sang (first-person past singular)
singest (present second-person singular)
sunge (past second-person singular)
sange (past second-person singular)
sang (past second-person singular)
singeth (present singular third-person)
sang (past singular third-person)
singe (present singular subjunctive)
sunge (past singular subjunctive)
sange (past singular subjunctive)
singe (imperative present singular)
singen (plural present)
singe (plural present)
sungen (past plural)
sunge (past plural)
sangen (past plural)
sange (past plural)
singeth (imperative plural present)
singe (imperative plural present)
singynge (participle present)
singende (participle present)
sungen (participle past)
sunge (participle past)

English: sing

Scots: sing

Yola: zing

From Old English singan (“to sing”). Cognate with Middle Dutch singen, Middle High German singen, Old Swedish siunga, and Crimean Gothic singhen.

To talk, recite, or declare (especially in a particular way or manner):

(rare) To recite non-sung verse or poetry.


skyn

English: skin

Scots: skin

Yola: skien

From Old Norse skinn, from Proto-Germanic *skinþą.

A layer or cover located in the inside of the body.

(biblical) Part of the material composing a tent.


penne

English: pen

Scots: pen

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman penne f, from Old French penne f, from Latin penna f, from Proto-Italic *petnā, from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥. Compare feþer.

A quill; the rachis (stem) of a feather.


coucher

English: coucher

Scots: coocher

From Anglo-Norman; equivalent to couche + -er.

A book containing prayers; a prayer-book.


sauter

English: psalter

Borrowed from Old French sautier, saltier, from Late Latin psaltērium, from Ancient Greek ψαλτήριον (psaltḗrion), replacing Old English psalter. Doublet of sauterie.

The Biblical book of Psalms; the section of the Bible containing psalms.


Michel

desc

English: Michael, Mitchell, Myall, Myell

Scots: Michael

From Old French Michel, Old English Michahel, and their source Latin Michaēl, Michahēl, from Biblical Hebrew מִיכָאֵל (mîḵāʾēl, literally “who is like God?”).

der

a male given name from Hebrew, equivalent to English Michael


chapitre

English: chapter; chapiter

Scots: chaipter

Borrowed from Old French chapitre, from Latin capitulum.

A chapter, passage, or section of a book.

A portion of the Bible read aloud in church.

A chapterhouse; a building hosting such a group.


Achab

English: Ahab, Achab

From Latin Achab, from Ancient Greek Ἀχαάβ (Akhaáb), from Hebrew אַחְאָב.

Hebrew אַחְאָב


stede

English: stead

Scots: steid, sted

Inherited from Old English stede, steode, styd, from Proto-West Germanic *stadi, from Proto-Germanic *stadiz.

more sche hath decerved to be ded / thanne evere dyde my modyr jn ony sted.

It..shul stand me in gret ste [read: sted] her if it mygth be do closly and suerly.

A place, station, or position; an appropriate or designated spot:

A state of being; a circumstance, condition, or situation.


ende

English: end

Scots: end, ende, hend

Yola: een, eene

From Old English ende, from Proto-West Germanic *andī, from Proto-Germanic *andijaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂entíos. Cognate to Middle Dutch ende, einde.

ȝhe amen / I am alpha ⁊ oo þe bigynnyng ⁊ þe ende ſeiþ þe loꝛd god þat is / ⁊ þat was. ⁊ that is to comynge almyȝti

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Apocalips 1:8, page 117v; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

You, Amen! I am Alpha and O, the beginning and the end, says the Lord God; that is, that was, and that which will come, almighty.

The end or finishing of a thing; the terminal point of something:

The end of something'e presence; disappearance.

And herfore of Wicleef speciali and of these men I toke the lore whiche I haue taughte and purpose to lyue aftir, if God wole, to my lyues ende.

1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, page 41:

The end of one's life; death or passing away.

(rare) One of the four cardinal directions.


geste

English: gest, jest

Scots: jeest

Borrowed from Middle French geste, from Old French geste, from Medieval Latin gesta.


storie

enm-noun

storie (plural stories or (rare, Early ME) storien)

stories (plural)
storien (Early-Middle-English plural rare)

desctree

English: story
Sranan Tongo: tori
Aukan: toli
→ Dutch: tori
→ Welsh: stori
→ Persian: استوری (estori)
→ Portuguese: estória

Scots: story

Borrowed from Old French estorie, estoire, from Latin historia, from Ancient Greek ἱστορία (historía). Doublet of historie.


apocalips

English: apocalypse, Apocalypse (spelling remodelled after Latin)

From Latin apocalypsis, from Ancient Greek ἀποκάλυψις (apokálupsis).

(rare) The biblical Apocalypse; the events of the book of Revelation.


brede

Scots: brede

From Old English brǣde, brǣd, from Proto-West Germanic *brādō, from Proto-Germanic *brēdô (“meat, roast”). Doublet of brawne.

(hunting) One of thirty-two choice parts of a boar for roasting.


Simeon

English: Simeon

Ones I rede that Simeon, / A qvile bifore that Crist was born, / Isaias boke he loket opon […] When Simeon segh þis ilk thing, / Merueilet wonderly he was, / And hopide hit hade ben fals wrytyng

a. 1500 [a. 1400?], Stanzaic Life of Christ; quoted in “In the Long Run: Practical Time in the Chester Plays”, in Matthew Sergi, Practical Cues and Social Spectacle in the Chester Plays, Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press, 2020, →ISBN, page 174:


rubriche

English: rubric

Borrowed from Middle French rubrique, rubriche, rubrice, from borrowed itself from Latin rubrīca.


soule

enm-noun

soule (plural soules or soulen or (early) soule)

soules (plural)
soulen (plural)
soule (plural)

English: soul (see there for further descendants)

Scots: saul

Inherited from Old English sāwol, sāwel, from Proto-West Germanic *saiwalu, from Proto-Germanic *saiwalō. The final vowel is generalised from the Old English oblique forms.


lawe

lawes (plural)
lawen (Early-Middle-English plural)

English: law

Scots: law

Yola: laas (plural)

From Old English lagu, in turn borrowed from Old Norse *lagu, a plural of lag.

Morality, natural law (either instinctual or taught):

The Bible or one of the two books which it is composed of.


dragoun

English: dragon (see there for further descendants)

Scots: draigon

Borrowed from Old French dragon, from Latin dracō, dracōnem, from Ancient Greek δράκων (drákōn). Doublet of drake (“dragon”).

(biblical) A serpent or reptilian monster


Sampson

English: Samson, Sampson

From Latin Samson, from Ancient Greek Σαμψών (Sampsṓn), from Hebrew שִׁמְשׁוֹן.

der

Hebrew שִׁמְשׁוֹן


cee

English: cee

And whan the seide merchauntz Holanders that went to Caleys hadde bought there grete substance of wolle and wollefelle, and that thei shulde make the rekenyng thereof, and bringe payement unto the Staple, according to thordenaunce of the place, thei put forthe the seide letters and billes for paiement, which lettres were there refused for unsufficience, and the billes of the mynte, for thei were falsede with Cees set above, that of iij. łi. was made iij. c. łi. and of ij. łi. was made ij. c. łi.

1445 January 20, “Petition to the king for the redress of certain frauds committed at Calais”, in Joseph Stevenson, editor, Letters and Papers Illustrative of the Wars of the English in France During the Reign of Henry the Sixth, King of England (Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores, or Chronicles and Memorials of Great Britain and Ireland During the Middle Ages), volume I, London: Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts, published 1861, page 467:

The name of the Latin-script letter C/c.


librarie

English: library (see there for further descendants)

Scots: leebrary

From Anglo-Norman librarie, ultimately from Latin librarium.


versicle

English: versicle

From Old French versicule, from Latin versiculus; equivalent to vers + -icle.

(rare) A short Biblical verse used as part of the liturgy.


legende

English: legend

Scots: leegend

Borrowed from Old French legende, from Medieval Latin legenda.

A historical narrative (usually about an individual)


salm

English: psalm

Scots: saum, sawm

→ Middle Welsh: salm

Welsh: salm

Inherited from Old English psealm, from Late Latin psalmus. Some forms are influenced by Old French salme, saume.


staf

enm-noun

staf (plural staves or staven or staffes)

staves (plural)
staven (plural)
staffes (plural)

English: staff, stave

Scots: staf, staff

Yola: stheeves (plural)

From Old English stæf, from Proto-West Germanic *stab.


verset

English: verset

From Old French verset; equivalent to vers + -et.


schort

From Old English sċort, from Proto-West Germanic *skurt, from Proto-Germanic *skurtaz. Akin to Middle High German schurz.


enden

enden (infinitive)
to enden (infinitive)
ende (infinitive)
ende (first-person present singular)
ended (first-person past singular)
endest (present second-person singular)
endedest (past second-person singular)
endeth (present singular third-person)
ended (past singular third-person)
ende (present singular subjunctive)
ended (past singular subjunctive)
ende (imperative present singular)
enden (plural present)
ende (plural present)
endeden (past plural)
endede (past plural)
endeth (imperative plural present)
ende (imperative plural present)
endynge (participle present)
endende (participle present)
ended (participle past)
yended (participle past)

English: end

Scots: ende, end

From Old English endian; equivalent to ende + -en (infinitival suffix).

To complete or accomplish; to reach completion:

To cause a behaviour, consequence, or effect.


matere

English: matter

Scots: matter, maitter

From Anglo-Norman matere, from Latin māteria.

A topic or theme; an area of knowledge or discussion:

The primary area or topic discussed in a piece of literature.

The primary theme, point or thesis of a piece of literature.


mirour

English: mirror

Scots: mirror

From Old French mireor, from the verb mirer (“to look at”).

A mirror, looking-glass, or other reflective surface.


prophete

English: prophet

Tok Pisin: profet

Scots: prophet

Inherited from Old English propheta, from Latin prophēta, from Ancient Greek προφήτης (prophḗtēs); reinforced by Anglo-Norman prophete.

A prophet; one who expounds upon a divine message or a purported one (especially used of Christ and the Biblical prophets).

One of the portions of the Old Testament which covers the prophets.

(rare) A messenger; one who announces or proclaims something.

(rare) A foreteller; one who divines or previews.


abominacioun

English: abomination

Scots: abhomination

From Middle French abomination, from Late Latin abōminātiōnem, accusative of abōminātiō. Some forms are influenced by a purported but false relationship with Latin hominem.

(biblical) Idols; pagan religious material


Iudas

English: Judas, Jude


Dauid

English: David

From Old English Dauid, from Latin David, from Koine Greek Δαυίδ (Dauíd), from Biblical Hebrew דּוד (Dāwîḏ).


writen

head

writen (singular simple past wroot, plural simple past wroten)

wroot (past singular)
wroten (past plural)
writen (infinitive)
to writen (infinitive)
write (infinitive)
write (first-person present singular)
wrot (first-person past singular)
writest (present second-person singular)
wrote (past second-person singular)
write (past second-person singular)
wrot (past second-person singular)
writeth (present singular third-person)
wrot (past singular third-person)
write (present singular subjunctive)
wrote (past singular subjunctive)
write (past singular subjunctive)
write (imperative present singular)
writen (plural present)
write (plural present)
wroten (past plural)
wrote (past plural)
writen (past plural)
write (past plural)
writeth (imperative plural present)
write (imperative plural present)
writynge (participle present)
writende (participle present)
writen (participle past)
wreten (participle past)
ywrite (participle past)

English: write

Scots: writ, wryte, wret

From Old English wrītan. Cognate to Middle Low German writen and Middle High German rīzen.

To write (draw letters on paper to form words); note the following common specialised senses:

To record in writing; to produce or add to a written document.


serviable

Borrowed from Middle French serviable; equivalent to serven + -able.


Balthasar

From Latin Baltassar, from Ancient Greek Βαλτασαρ (Baltasar), from Hebrew בֵּלְשַׁאצַּר (bēlšaṣṣar), from Akkadian 𒂗𒈗𒋀 (bēl-šarra-uṣṣur, literally “May Bel protect the king”).

der

בֵּלְשַׁאצַּר

Hebrew בֵּלְשַׁאצַּר (bēlšaṣṣar)

(biblical, historical) Balthazar, a Babylonian king mentioned in the Book of Daniel.


Balthasar

From Latin Baltassar, from Ancient Greek Βαλτασαρ (Baltasar), from Hebrew בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּר (bēletešaṣṣar), from Akkadian 𒊩𒆪𒈗𒋀 (beltu-šar-uṣur).

בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּר

Hebrew בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּר (bēletešaṣṣar)

(biblical) Belteshazzar, the Babylonian name of the biblical prophet Daniel.


halpeni

English: halfpenny, ha'penny

Yola: haapney

From Late Old English halpenige, equivalent to half + peny (“penny”).

halpenis

Plural; without loss of final vowel, whence modern halfpennies

halpens

Plural; with loss of final vowel, whence modern halfpence

(biblical, Goddes halpenī) a coin from biblical times, a small foreign coin


prophecie

English: prophecy

Scots: prophecy

Borrowed from Old French prophetie, from Latin prophētīa, from Ancient Greek προφητεία (prophēteía).

The prophecies within the Old Testament or the part of Mass containing it.

The ability to make prophecies or foretellings.


Kinges

Use as a proper noun of the plural of king.

(biblical, usually in full as book of Kinges vel sim.) [Book of] Kings (each of 1 Kings, 2 Kings, 3 Kings, and 4 Kings)


Ioseph

English: Joseph

Yola: Josef

Whãne marıe þe modır of ıhũ was ſpouſıd to ıoſeph .· bıfoꝛe þeı camen togıdere . ſche was founden hauynge of þe hoolı gooſt ın þe wombe /


Iacob

⇒ English: Jacob

⇒ English: Jakob, Jaycob, Jaykob

⇒ English: Jake, Jack, Jay (diminutive)

⇒ English: Jeb (diminutive)

⇒ English: Coby, Koby, Kobe (diminutive)

desc

→ Hawaiian: Iakobo, Iakoba, Iakopo, Iakopa

→ Maori: Hakopa

From Old English Iācōb, from Ancient Greek Ἰακώβ (Iakṓb), from Biblical Hebrew יַעֲקֹב (yaʿaqóv, “he will/shall heel”).

der

The book of þe generacıoū of ıhū crıſt .· þe ſone of dauıd þe ſone of abꝛaham / abꝛaham bıgat yſaac / yſaac bıgat ıacob / ıacob bıgat ıudas ⁊ hıſe bꝛıþ̇en /

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 1:1–2, page 1r, column 2, lines 1–5; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:


sege

English: siege

Scots: siege

Borrowed from Old French sege, siege, from Vulgar Latin *sēdicum, from sēdēs.

A siege; an attack or assault on a walled city:

A group of herons; a perch used by herons.


bochous

From Old English bōchus; equivalent to bok + hous.


nacioun

English: nation

Scots: nation

Borrowed from Old French nacion, from Latin nātiō, nātiōnem.


larspel

English: lorespell (obsolete)

From Old English lārspel; equivalent to lore (“knowledge”) + spel (“tale, quip”).

af

(mainly Early ME) doctrine, teachings, orthodoxy


hethenli

English: heathenly

/ˈhɛːðənliː/

(biblical) In the manner of the Gentiles.


bapteme

desc

< <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">baptisme</i>

English: baptism (< baptisme)

Scots: bapteesm (< baptisme)

Borrowed from Old French bapteme, baptesme, from Ecclesiastical Latin, Late Latin baptisma, Ancient Greek βάπτισμα (báptisma, “dipping, baptism”), from βαπτίζω (baptízō, “I dip in liquid”).

der

(biblical) The water that came from Jesus after being stabbed during his crucifixion.


auctour

English: author

Scots: author

From Anglo-Norman autour, from Latin auctor.

A creator or author; the person who authors something; especially used to refer to God.


wermode

q

< <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">wormwode</i>

English: wormwood (< wormwode)

< <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">wormet</i>

Scots: wormit (< wormet)

→ Irish: mormónta

From Old English wermōd, wormōd, from Proto-West Germanic *warjamōdā. Some forms remodelled on the basis of worm + wode.

And þe þꝛidde aungel trumpide .· ⁊ a greet ſterre bꝛennynge as a litil bꝛond felde fro heuene ⁊ it felde in to þe þꝛidde part of floodis .· ⁊ in to þe wellis of watris ⁊ þe name of þe ſterre is ſeid wermod ⁊ þe þꝛidde part of watris .· was maad in to wermod ⁊ manye men weren deed of þe watris .· for þo weren maad bittir

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Apocalips 8:10-11, page 120r, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

And the third angel blew his trumpet, then a great star burning like a little torch fell from heaven; it fell upon a third of [the world's] rivers and water sources. The name of the star is Wormwood, and a third of the [world's] water was turned into wormwood; many people died from that water because it'd been made bitter.

(biblical) Wormwood (object in the Book of Revelation)


auctorite

English: authority

Scots: authority, authoritie

Borrowed from Old French auctorité, from Latin auctōritātem, accusative of auctōritās; equivalent to auctour + -ite.

The state of being recognized and regarded as useful; worthiness.


depen

depen (infinitive)
to depen (infinitive)
depe (infinitive)
depe (first-person present singular)
deped (first-person past singular)
depest (present second-person singular)
depedest (past second-person singular)
depeth (present singular third-person)
deped (past singular third-person)
depe (present singular subjunctive)
deped (past singular subjunctive)
depe (imperative present singular)
depen (plural present)
depe (plural present)
depeden (past plural)
depede (past plural)
depeth (imperative plural present)
depe (imperative plural present)
depynge (participle present)
depende (participle present)
deped (participle past)
ydeped (participle past)

English: deep (obsolete)

Scots: depe

From the merger of Old English dēopian and dīepan, from Proto-West Germanic *deupōn and *daupijan, respectively. Equivalent to depe + -en (infinitival suffix).

(rare) To engage oneself in a narrative.


lessoun

English: lesson

Scots: lesson

From Old French leçon, from Latin lēctiōnem, accusative of lēctiō.

A portion or section of the Bible or any other religious text (often recited at church)


ympen

enm-verb

ympen (third-person singular simple present ympeth, present participle ympende, ympynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle ymped)

ympeth (present singular third-person)
ympende (participle present)
ympynge (participle present)
ymped (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
ympen (infinitive)
to ympen (infinitive)
ympe (infinitive)
ympe (first-person present singular)
ymped (first-person past singular)
ympest (present second-person singular)
ympedest (past second-person singular)
ympeth (present singular third-person)
ymped (past singular third-person)
ympe (present singular subjunctive)
ymped (past singular subjunctive)
ympe (imperative present singular)
ympen (plural present)
ympe (plural present)
ympeden (past plural)
ympede (past plural)
ympeth (imperative plural present)
ympe (imperative plural present)
ympynge (participle present)
ympende (participle present)
ymped (participle past)
yymped (participle past)

English: imp

Scots: imp

Inherited from Old English impian, from Proto-West Germanic *impōn; equivalent to ympe + -en (“infinitival suffix”, infinitival suffix).

af

(rare) To introduce an idea or concept to one's mind.


stafflike

From Old English stæflīc; equivalent to staf + -ly.

(Ormulum, rare) Literal; non-figurative.


sterne of þe see

Calque of Latin Stella Maris, an epithet for the Virgin Mary. Arose as a scribal mistranscription of stilla maris (“drop of the sea”), which in turn was an interpretation of Mary's name in Aramaic, Maryam, as Hebrew מר (mar, “drop”) + ים (yam, “sea”).

(Christianity) The Virgin Mary, the mother of Christ.


nayl

English: nail

Scots: nail, nale

Yola: niel

(biblical) One of nails used to nail Jesus to the cross.


merveile

Borrowed from Old French merveille, from Latin mirabilia.

(rare) Supernatural; put into effect by divine or godly forces.


visioun

English: vision

Scots: veesion

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman visioun, from Latin vīsiōnem, accusative singular of vīsiō.

A vision; an illusory image, apparition or mirage.


avisioun

English: avision (obsolete)

Scots: avisioun (obsolete)

Borrowed from Old French avision; equivalent to a- + visioun.

A vision; an illusory image, apparition or mirage (especially in one's rest).


revelacioun

English: revelation

From Old French revelacion, from Latin revēlātiō; equivalent to revelen + -acioun.

The book of Revelation (the last book of the New Testament)


wynne

English: wynn, wen, win, winne

Scots: win

From Old English wynn; the final vowel is from the oblique cases. Doublet of veine (“supplication”).


Rede See

English: Red Sea

From Old English Rēad Sǣ; equivalent to red + see.

the Red Sea (especially in a biblical context)


scanden

enm-verb

scanden (third-person singular simple present scandeth, present participle scandende, scandynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle scanded)

scandeth (present singular third-person)
scandende (participle present)
scandynge (participle present)
scanded (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
scanden (infinitive)
to scanden (infinitive)
scande (infinitive)
scande (first-person present singular)
scanded (first-person past singular)
scande (first-person past singular)
scandest (present second-person singular)
scandedest (past second-person singular)
scandest (past second-person singular)
scandeth (present singular third-person)
scanded (past singular third-person)
scande (past singular third-person)
scande (present singular subjunctive)
scanded (past singular subjunctive)
scande (past singular subjunctive)
scande (imperative present singular)
scanden (plural present)
scande (plural present)
scandeden (past plural)
scandede (past plural)
scanden (past plural)
scande (past plural)
scandeth (imperative plural present)
scande (imperative plural present)
scandynge (participle present)
scandende (participle present)
scanded (participle past)
scand (participle past)
yscanded (participle past)
yscand (participle past)

English: scan

Middle Scots: scand

desc

Scots: scan (possibly reborrowed from English)

Borrowed from Late Latin scandō (“to scan verse”), from classical Latin scandō (“to surmount”), from Proto-Indo-European *skend-.
Forms without /d/ are presumably from the reinterpretation of -de as the suffix forming the past tense.

bor+

(rare) To scan verse; to mark verse according to its metrical structure.


exposicioun

English: exposition

Borrowed from Old French esposicion, from Latin expositiō; equivalent to ex- + posicioun.

The action of describing in writing; exposition or representation.

The action of explaining or making easy to understand in writing.


sermoun

English: sermon, sarmon (dialectal)

Scots: sermon

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman sermun, from Latin sermō, sermōnem.

(rare) A language; a form of speech used by a speech community.


Jafeth

desc

English: Japheth, Jafeth, Japhet, Iapheth

From Latin Iapeth, Iapheth, from Koine Greek Ἰάφεθ (Iápheth), from Hebrew יֶפֶת (yépheth).

And ſotheli Sem and Jafeth puttiden a mentil on her ſchuldris, and thei ȝeden bacward, and hileden the ſchameful membris of her fadir, and her faces weren turned awei, and thei ſien not the priuy membris of her fadir.

a. 1382, John Wycliffe, “Genesis 9:23”, in Wycliffe's Bible:

Due to that, Shem and Japheth put a mantle on their shoulders, and they went backwards and covered their father's nether regions, so that they didn't see their father's privates.


columpne

English: column

Scots: column

From Old French columne, from Latin columna.


storiyng

The making of such a narrative or chronicle.


versifien

versifien (infinitive)
to versifien (infinitive)
versifie (infinitive)
versifie (first-person present singular)
versified (first-person past singular)
versifiest (present second-person singular)
versifiedest (past second-person singular)
versifieth (present singular third-person)
versified (past singular third-person)
versifie (present singular subjunctive)
versified (past singular subjunctive)
versifie (imperative present singular)
versifien (plural present)
versifie (plural present)
versifieden (past plural)
versifiede (past plural)
versifieth (imperative plural present)
versifie (imperative plural present)
versifiynge (participle present)
versifiende (participle present)
versified (participle past)
yversified (participle past)

English: versify

From Old French versifier, from Latin versificō; equivalent to vers + -ifien.


versifiour

English: versifier

From Old French versifieor; equivalent to versifien + -our.


ynke

desctree

English: ink
→ Japanese: インク (inku)
→ Korean: 잉크 (ingkeu)
→ Telugu: ఇంకి (iṅki)
→ Welsh: inc

Scots: ink

From Old French enque, from Latin encaustum, from Ancient Greek ἔγκαυστον (énkauston).


almerie

desc

English: ambry, almery, aumbrie, aumbry, ambery

Scots: aumry, amry, amery, aumbry, ambry

From Anglo-Norman almarie, aumer, etc., from Old French almarie, from Latin armārium.


vynet

From Old French vignette; equivalent to vine + -et. Compare English vignette.

An ornamental depiction of vines (on buildings or books).


paraf

English: paraph

Borrowed from Medieval Latin paraphus or its etymon, Middle French paraffe, paraphe, shortening of paragraphe.


mynute

English: minute
Tok Pisin: minit

Scots: meenit

From Old French minute, from Medieval Latin minūta. Compare menuse.


parchemyn

English: parchment

Scots: pairchment

From Old French parchemin, from Vulgar Latin *pergamīnus, from Ancient Greek Περγαμηνός (Pergamēnós).


lettres patentes

q

archaic <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">letters patents</i>

English: letters patent (archaic letters patents)

From the plural of Anglo-Norman lettre patente (“open letter”), from Latin littera patens.

bor

A letter or letters conferring a privilege or status; letters patent.


Ysaac

English: Isaac


crouche

English: crouch (obsolete)

From Old English crūċ, from Latin crucem. Doublet of cross and croys.
The final vowel is generalised from the Old English oblique cases.


servyle

English: servile

Borrowed from Old French servil, servile, from Latin servīlis; equivalent to serven + -yle.


servisable

English: serviceable

Borrowed from Old French servisable; equivalent to servise + -able. Compare serviable.


resolven

enm-verb

resolven (third-person singular simple present resolveth, present participle resolvende, resolvynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle resolved)

resolveth (present singular third-person)
resolvende (participle present)
resolvynge (participle present)
resolved (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
resolven (infinitive)
to resolven (infinitive)
resolve (infinitive)
resolve (first-person present singular)
resolved (first-person past singular)
resolvest (present second-person singular)
resolvedest (past second-person singular)
resolveth (present singular third-person)
resolved (past singular third-person)
resolve (present singular subjunctive)
resolved (past singular subjunctive)
resolve (imperative present singular)
resolven (plural present)
resolve (plural present)
resolveden (past plural)
resolvede (past plural)
resolveth (imperative plural present)
resolve (imperative plural present)
resolvynge (participle present)
resolvende (participle present)
resolved (participle past)

English: resolve

Borrowed from Latin resolvō, resolvere; equivalent to re- + solven. Compare resolucioun.

(writing, mathematics) To put into an intelligible form.


ortographie

English: orthography

Borrowed from Middle French orthographie, Anglo-Norman ortographie, and their etymon Latin orthographia, from Ancient Greek ὀρθογραφία (orthographía).

bor+

(rare, Late Middle English) spelling, orthography


nombrynge

English: numbering

Scots: nummerin

(rare) An orthography; a set of conventions for writing a language.


liggere

English: ledger, ligger

From liggen, leggen (variant of leyen "to lie") + -er.

af

variant of <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">leyen</i> "to lie"

A large breviary (as a book that "lies" in situ)


genge

English: ging (obsolete)

Middle Scots: ging

Inherited from Old English genge (“band”), from Proto-Germanic *gangiją, possibly through Old Norse gengi.

inh+

(biblical) The pagan nations; the Gentiles.


English: ◌̃

[…]ne floodis ſchul not prowẽ it doũ.

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffe’s Bible, MS Egerton 617.), published c. 1390–1397, 8:7, page 20r, column 2:

Written on a letter, usually a vowel, in place of an omitted n or m.


Iair

English: Jair

Scots: Jair

From Old English Iāirus, from Latin Iaīrus, from Ancient Greek Ἰάϊρος (Iáïros), from Biblical Hebrew יָאִיר (yāʾîr, literally “he will light up”)