pound

enm-noun

pound (plural poundes or pounden or pound)

poundes (plural)
pounden (plural)
pound (plural)

English: pound

Scots: pund, poond

From Old English pund, in turn from Proto-West Germanic *pund, from Proto-Germanic *pundą, from Latin pondō.

A measurement for weight, most notably the Tower pound, merchant's pound or pound avoirdupois, or a weight of said measurement.


quarter

English: quarter

Scots: quarter, corter

Yola: curthere, cortere

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman quarter, from Latin quartārius.

A unit of capacity (being a quarter of another measure).

A unit of weight (often a quarter of an ounce or pound).

A unit of length (nine inches; being quarter of an ell).


hundred

English: hundred

From Old English hundred, from Proto-West Germanic *hundarad, from Proto-Germanic *hundaradą (“hundred”); some forms are remodelled on Old Norse hundrað.


talent

English: talent

Scots: talent

From Old French talent and Old English talente, both from Latin talentum, from Ancient Greek τάλαντον (tálanton).


hide

hides (plural)
hiden (plural)
hide (plural)

English: hide

Scots: hyd, hid

from Old English hīd, hȳd, hīġed, hīġid (“a measure of land”), from earlier *hīwid (“the amount of land needed to support one family”), a derivative of Proto-Germanic *hīwaz, *hīwō (“relative, fellow-lodger, family”), related to *hīwô (“household”).


hide

Alternative form of hythe (“landing place, port”)


hide

enm-verb

hide (third-person singular simple present hideth, present participle hidende, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle hidde)

hideth (present singular third-person)
hidende (participle present)
hidde (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)


rode

English: rud

Scots: rud, rudd

Pot marigold, calendula (Calendula officinalis)


cloth

English: cloth

Scots: clath, clathe, claith

From Old English clāþ, from Proto-Germanic *klaiþą.

Cloth; fabric or an individual piece of it, especially made by weaving:

Table linen; a decorative cloth for the table.


seem

English: seam

Scots: seam

Inherited from Old English sēam (“seam”), from Proto-West Germanic *saum, from Proto-Germanic *saumaz. The "nail" sense is a semantic loan from Old Norse saumr.

inh+

A furrow or trench; a depression in the ground.


pipe

English: pipe (see there for further descendants)

Scots: pipe

Yola: peeps (plural)

Inherited from Old English pīpe, from Proto-West Germanic *pīpā; reinforced by Vulgar Latin *pīpa; some senses are from Old French pipe.

A unit measuring the mass or amount (equivalent to such a container).


pot

English: pot

Scots: pott, pat

From Old English pott and Old French pot, both ultimately from Proto-Germanic *puttaz, from Proto-Indo-European *budnós.

A measurement for the quantity of liquids.


steppe

English: step

Scots: step, stap, stop

From Old English stæpe, stepe, from Proto-West Germanic *stapi. The (historical) geminate is due to the influence of steppen.

(rare) The length covered by a step (as a unit of length, ~2.5 feet)


furlong

English: furlong

From Old English furlang; equivalent to forow + long.


corn

English: corn (see there for further descendants)

Scots: corn, curn

Yola: coorn, koorn

Inherited from Old English corn, from Proto-West Germanic *korn, from Proto-Germanic *kurną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵr̥h₂nóm. Doublet of greyn.

Any plant that bears grain, especially wheat.

þa ƿaſ coꝛn dære: ⁊ flec ⁊ cæſe ⁊ butere. foꝛ nan ƿæſ o þe land. Ƿreccemen ſturuen of hungær.

p. 1154, “AD 1137”, in Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (MS. Laud Misc. 636, continuation), Peterborough, folio 89, verso; republished at Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 2018 February 8:

Grain was precious then, and meat, cheese, and butter, because there wasn't any in the country. Wretched men died from hunger.

whos wynewing cloþ is in his hond .· ⁊ he ſchal fulli clenſe his coꝛn flooꝛ / and he ſchal gadere his wheete in to his berne .· but þe chaf he ſchal bꝛenne wiþ fier þat mai not be quenchid

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 3:12, page 2r, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

His winnowing fan is in his hand; he'll fully clean his threshing-floor, he'll gather up his wheat into his barn, and he'll burn the chaff with unquenchable fire.

An oþer parable iheſus puttide foꝛþ to hem. / ⁊ ſeide / þe kyngdom of heuenes is lijk to a coꝛn of ſeneuey · which a man took ⁊ ſewe in his feeld · / which is þe leeſt of alle ſeedis / but whanne it haþ woxen .· it is the mooſt of alle woꝛtis · ⁊ is maad a tre / ſo þe bꝛiddis of þe eir comen ⁊ dwellen in þe bowis þerof.

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 13:31-32, page 6v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

Jesus put another parable forwards to them, saying: "The Kingdom of Heaven is like a mustard seed that a person took and sowed in their field; / it is the smallest of all seeds, but when it has grown, it is the largest of all plants; it becomes a tree, so the birds of the air come and nest in its branches."

A grain or seed used as a unit of weight.


fot

enm-noun

fot (plural feet or fot or (rare) fotes)

feet (plural)
fot (plural)
fotes (plural rare)

English: foot (see there for further descendants)

Scots: fit, fuit, fut, fute

Yola: voote

Inherited from Old English fōt, from Proto-West Germanic *fōt, from Proto-Germanic *fōts, from Proto-Indo-European *pṓds.

One of a set of units of measurement:
square foot (unit for measuring area)


fother

English: fother

Scots: fother

From Old Norse fóðr, from Proto-Germanic *fōdrą. Doublet of fodder.

a great quantity, especially a load or of people.


brace

English: brace

Scots: brace

From Old French brace, from Latin bracchia, plural of bracchium.


swathe

English: swaðe

A strip or wrap, especially for wrapping babies in.


swathe

English: swath, swathe

Scots: swa, swarth

From Old English swaþu, from Proto-Germanic *swaþō, from Proto-Indo-European *swem(bʰ)- (“to bend, turn, swing”).

der

(rare) A strip of land as a unit of measure.

(rare) A trace left behind by something.


ounce

English: ounce, unce

Scots: ounce

From Middle French once, from Old French once, unce, from Latin uncia. Doublet of ynche.

By ounces henge his lokkes that he hadde / And therwith he his shuldres overspradde

a. 1394, Geoffrey Chaucer, “General Prologue”, in The Canterbury Tales, archived from the original on 2019-02-22, lines 677–678:

By very little hung the locks that he had; / He draped them over his shoulders

(rare) A minuscule or insignificant amount or quantity.


warp

English: warp

Scots: warp

From Old English wearp, warp, from Proto-West Germanic *warp, from Proto-Germanic *warpą. Related to werpen.


lege

English: liege

Scots: liege

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman lige, liege; further etymology is disputed.

(One of) one's subjects or vassals; (one of) those under one's control.

(rare) One's feudal overlords or superiors.


lege

English: liege

Able to command obedience from one's inferiors.

Pledged to obey one's superiors; subject to duty by an authority.

(rare) Otherwise bound by feudal obligations.


sive

English: sieve

Scots: sieve, siffe, syffe, sif, syf


sak

English: sack
→ Japanese: サック (sakku)

Scots: seck

Inherited from Old English sacc, sæcc, from Proto-West Germanic *sakku, from Proto-Germanic *sakkuz, from Latin saccus, from Ancient Greek σάκκος (sákkos), from a Semitic language.

A sack (large coarse bag):
A sack (unit of measure)


scars

English: scarce

Middle Scots: scarce, skarce

Scots: scarce

Borrowed from Old Northern French scars, escars, possibly from Late Latin *excarpsus; see scarce for more.


perche

English: perch

Borrowed from Old French perche, from Latin pertica.


spanne

English: span

Scots: span

From Old English spann, from Proto-West Germanic *spannu, from Proto-Germanic *spānnõ, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pend- (“to stretch”). The final vowel is generalised from the Old English inflected forms.

A specific measure of volume that corresponds to the quantity that fits in a person's hands while cupped.


scheef

English: sheaf

Scots: sheaf


staf

enm-noun

staf (plural staves or staven or staffes)

staves (plural)
staven (plural)
staffes (plural)

English: staff, stave

Scots: staf, staff

Yola: stheeves (plural)

From Old English stæf, from Proto-West Germanic *stab.

A staff, rod or pole; a relatively long, narrow, and thin object:

A clerical staff, often curled; a crozier.

A staff serving as an emblem of authority and rulership.

A rod for conveying or transporting items upon.

A staff for blending or mixing ingredients.

(figurative) One's nourishment or lifeblood; that which aids one.


cubite

English: cubit

Scots: cubit (obsolete)

A cubit (unit of length measuring one and a half feet)


ston

ston (plural stones or ston or (early, rare) stonen)

stones (plural)
ston (plural)
stonen (plural rare)

English: stone (see there for further descendants)

Geordie English: styen

Scots: stane

Yola: sthoan

→ Anglo-Norman: ston

Inherited from Old English stān, from Proto-West Germanic *stain, from Proto-Germanic *stainaz.

A stone, boulder, or pebble:
A pebble used in a slingshot.


rodde

English: rod

Scots: rod, rodd

Yola: rade

From Old English *rodd; further provenance is uncertain.


elne

English: ell

Scots: elne, ellne, eln, el, ell


erthe

English: earth, Earth

q

influenced by <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">erd</i>

Scots: erd (influenced by erd)

Yola: erth, eart, eard, eorth, eord

From Old English eorþe, from Proto-West Germanic *erþu, from Proto-Germanic *erþō.


hoggeshed

English: hogshead

→ Old French: hoggeshed


thombe

English: thumb

Scots: thoum

Yola: thoome, thoume

Inherited from Old English þūma, from Proto-West Germanic *þūmō, from Proto-Germanic *þūmô.
As shown by their early attestation, spellings with final -b- are not mere hypercorrect forms, but rather represent pronunciations with /b/; such pronunciations presumably originated in a plural *thomben (from Old English þūman). Such a plural form is also presumably the origin of variants with a short vowel.


myle

English: mile

Scots: mile

From Old English mīl, from Proto-West Germanic *mīliju. The final vowel is generalised from Old English inflected forms.

mile (unit of measure composed of 8 furlongs)

The time it takes to walk a mile (reckoned at 20 minutes)


ȝerde

English: yard, yerd

Scots: yaird, yeard, yird

Inherited from Old English ġerd, from Proto-West Germanic *gaʀdi, from Proto-Germanic *gazdijō. related to Polish żerdź from Proto-Slavic *žьrdь ("perch, pole, ricker").

A yard (unit of length consisting of three feet, often used for fabric)


journe

English: journey

Scots: jurney

Borrowed from Old French jornee, from Vulgar Latin *diurnāta.

The happenings or accomplishments of a day:

A unit of distance equalling a the distance covered in a day of travel (around 20 miles)


nayl

English: nail

Scots: nail, nale

Yola: niel

(figurative) A bothersome predicament or annoyance.

A nail (metal fastening pin):
A bothersome predicament or annoyance.


fynger

English: finger
Sranan Tongo: finga

Scots: finger

Yola: vinger

Inherited from Old English finger, from Proto-West Germanic *fingr, from Proto-Germanic *fingraz, from Proto-Indo-European *penkʷrós.

A finger (mobile extensions of the hand):

The fingers as a representation of divine craftsmanship.

A digit or finger (unit of length around as long or wide as a finger).

Blessid be my Lord God, that techith myn hondis to werre and my fyngris to batel.

a. 1382, John Wycliffe, “Psalm 143:1”, in Wycliffe's Bible:

Blessed be my Lord God, who teaches my hands to war and my fingers to battle.

And with hir fynger signes made she / That Damyan sholde clymbe upon a tree

a. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Merchant's Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, lines 2209–2210:

And with her finger she made signs / That Damian should climb onto a tree


potell

English: pottle

Scots: pottle

Borrowed from Old French potel; equivalent to pot + -el (diminutive suffix).

A pottle (a unit of volume equalling a half-gallon)


schovel

English: shovel (dialectal shoul, shool)

→ Fiji Hindi: sabbal

→ Marshallese: jabōļ

Scots: shuffle, schule, shule, shuil

Yola: shule

Inherited from Old English sċofl, *sċufl, from Proto-Germanic *skuflō. Akin to schoven.

A shovel or spade; a scooped tool with a handle.


wyspe

English: wisp

Scots: wisp, wusp

Perhaps related to whisk (“bunch of twigs, hair”). Cognate to Dutch wisp, dialectal Danish visp, Swedish visp, Norwegian Bokmål visp, etc.

(glassblowing, obsolete, rare) A fifteenth-century unit for measuring window glass.


ynche

enm-noun

ynche (plural ynches or enchen or ynche)

ynches (plural)
enchen (plural)
ynche (plural)

English: inch (see there for further descendants)

Scots: inch

From Old English ynċe, from earlier *unċi-, from Latin uncia. Doublet of ounce.


spere schaft

English: spearshaft


attome

English: atom

Scots: atom

From Middle French athome, from Latin atomus (“smallest particle”), from Ancient Greek ἄτομος (átomos, “indivisible”).

der

atom (fifteen ninety-fourths of a second)


mynute

English: minute
Tok Pisin: minit

Scots: meenit

From Old French minute, from Medieval Latin minūta. Compare menuse.


busshel

English: bushel

Scots: bushel

ne me tendiþ not a lanterne / ⁊ puttiþ it vndur a buſſhel [translating mōdius] · but on a candilſtike· that it ȝyue liȝt to alle þat ben in þe hous

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 5:15, page 1v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

You don't light a lamp and put it under a bushel, but on a candlestick, so it gives light to everybody who's at home.


hondbrede

⇒ English: handbreadth

Scots: handbreid

From hond + brede (“breadth”); some forms are influenced by brood (“broad”). The supposed Old English *handbrǣd, *handbrǣdu mentioned by some sources is not likely to have existed.


maunde

English: maundy (Maundy Thursday)

Borrowed from Old French mande, from Latin mandātum.

A washing of feet (by Christ or at Maundy Thursday).


schyd

English: shide (obsolete)

Middle Scots: schide, schyde

From Old English sċīd, from Proto-West Germanic *skīd, from Proto-Germanic *skīdą.


sponeful

English: spoonful

Scots: spuinfu, speenfu, spinfu


caudroun

desc

English: cauldron (obsolete caldron, caudron); chaldron

Scots: caudron, cauthron

Borrowed from Old Northern French cauderon (Parisien chauderon), ultimately from Late Latin caldāria (“cooking-pot”).