squame

squames (plural)
scwame (alternative)
swame (alternative)

English: squame

From Old French esquame, from Latin squāma.

not squames to wasche them, and wype them, nor auoyde them, not angry nor hasty, or un pacient thof one haue the vomet, another the fluxe, another the frensy, which nowe syngethe, now wel apayde, ffor ther be some sekenesses vexynge the seke so gretly and prouokynge them to ire, that the mater drawen up to the brayne alyenthe the mendes.

c. 1450, “Additions to the Rule or Saint Saviour”, in George James Aungier, editor, History and Antiquities of Syon Monastery, published 1840, page 395:


brest

brestes (plural)
bresten (plural)
breste (alternative)
breost (alternative)
breist (alternative)
brost (alternative)
brust (alternative)
brist (alternative)
breast (alternative)
bryest (alternative)

English: brest, breast

Scots: brest, breist, breest

From Old English brēost, from Proto-West Germanic *breust, from Proto-Germanic *breustą.


brest

brestes (plural)
berst (alternative)
barst (alternative)

English: bryst (obsolete)

From Old Norse brestr, from Proto-Germanic *brestuz; influenced by the cognate Old English byrst. Doublet of burst.


organe

organes (plural)
organ (alternative)
orgayn (alternative)
organt (alternative)
orgene (alternative)
orgeyn (alternative)
orgyn (alternative)
orgon (alternative)
orgone (alternative)
orgoyn (alternative)
orgoun (alternative)
orgun (alternative)
orgne (alternative)

desctree

English: organ
→ Korean: 오르간 (oreugan)
→ Maori: ōkana
→ Vietnamese: oóc-gan

Scots: organ

From Old French organe, orgene, from Latin organum (“implement; musical instrument”). Doublet of organum.

der

A body part which performs a certain function; an organ.


materas

materases (plural)
materas (plural)
matras (alternative)
matres (alternative)
matrasse (alternative)
matrace (alternative)
materaz (alternative)
materes (alternative)

English: mattress

Scots: mattrass

Borrowed from Old French matras, from Arabic مَطْرَح (maṭraḥ).

(anatomy, rare) A pad or cushion in one's body.


tresse

tresses (plural)
tress (alternative)
tresce (alternative)
trese (alternative)

English: tress

From Old French tresce, of unclear origin.


sorel

English: sorrel

surele (alternative)
sorele (alternative)
sorelle (alternative)
surell (alternative)
sorell (alternative)

Rumex acetosa
Rumex acetosa#Translingual


tord

tordes (plural)
toord (alternative)
torde (alternative)

English: turd

Scots: tuird

From Old English tord, from Proto-Germanic *turdą.


warte

wartes (plural)
wart (alternative)
weert (alternative)
wert (alternative)
werte (alternative)
wertte (alternative)
wherte (alternative)
wrete (alternative)
wrette (alternative)

desc

dialectal <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">wrot</i>

English: wart (dialectal wrot)

Scots: wrat

From Old English wearte, from Proto-West Germanic *wartā, from Proto-Germanic *wartǭ.


saven

enm-verb

saven (third-person singular simple present saveth, present participle savynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle saved)

saveth (present singular third-person)
savynge (participle present)
saved (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
saven (infinitive)
to saven (infinitive)
save (infinitive)
save (first-person present singular)
saved (first-person past singular)
savest (present second-person singular)
savedest (past second-person singular)
saveth (present singular third-person)
saved (past singular third-person)
save (present singular subjunctive)
saved (past singular subjunctive)
save (imperative present singular)
saven (plural present)
save (plural present)
saveden (past plural)
savede (past plural)
saveth (imperative plural present)
save (imperative plural present)
savynge (participle present)
savende (participle present)
saved (participle past)
ysaved (participle past)
saave (alternative)
salve (alternative)
save (alternative)
savi (alternative)
savun (alternative)
savye (alternative)
savyn (alternative)
salvin (alternative)
sauven (alternative)
sauvin (alternative)
sawvin (alternative)
safe (alternative)
saffe (alternative)
sauve (alternative)
sayve (alternative)
sovy (alternative)

English: save

Geordie English: syev

Scots: safe, sauf

Borrowed from Old French salver, sauver, from Latin salvō, salvāre; equivalent to sauf (“safe”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

To heal or better; to improve health, emotions, or morals.


rosee

rosees (plural)
rosye (alternative)
roseye (alternative)

English: rosee

A meal incorporating rose petals or flowers


rof

roves (plural)
rofes (plural)
roof (alternative)
ruffe (alternative)
rhof (alternative)
rooff (alternative)
rufe (alternative)

English: roof

Geordie English: ruif, reuf

Scots: ruf, ruif

From Old English hrōf, from Proto-Germanic *hrōfą.


frounce

frounces (plural)
ffrownce (alternative)
fronce (alternative)
frownce (alternative)

English: frounce

Borrowed from Middle French fronce, from Old French fronce.

A wrinkle, fold, or pleat (in fabric, hair, or porcelain).

A disease involving mouth sores in birds of prey.

(figuratively) A grimace; a scornful look.


plukken

enm-verb

plukken (third-person singular simple present plukketh, present participle plukkende, plukkynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle plukked)

plukketh (present singular third-person)
plukkende (participle present)
plukkynge (participle present)
plukked (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
plukken (infinitive)
to plukken (infinitive)
plukke (infinitive)
plukke (first-person present singular)
plukked (first-person past singular)
plukkest (present second-person singular)
plukkedest (past second-person singular)
plukketh (present singular third-person)
plukked (past singular third-person)
plukke (present singular subjunctive)
plukked (past singular subjunctive)
plukke (imperative present singular)
plukken (plural present)
plukke (plural present)
plukkeden (past plural)
plukkede (past plural)
plukketh (imperative plural present)
plukke (imperative plural present)
plukkynge (participle present)
plukkende (participle present)
plukked (participle past)
yplukked (participle past)
ploke (alternative)
plokke (alternative)
plucke (alternative)
pluk (alternative)
pluke (alternative)
plukke (alternative)
plukkyn (alternative)

English: pluck

Scots: pluck

From Old English pluccian, from Proto-West Germanic *plukkōn, from Proto-Germanic *plukkōną. Compare plicchen.

To pluck bare; to leave featherless or hairless.


vernage

→ English: vernage

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman vernage, from Old Italian Vernaccia.

verynage (alternative)
wernage (alternative)


recoverer

From Old French recovrier; equivalent to recoveren + -er.

recoverir (alternative)
recoverere (alternative)
recuverer (alternative)
recoveriere (alternative)
recouverere (alternative)
recuverere (alternative)

Recovery, recuperation or respite (often from sickness)

Recovery (of lost things, feelings), regaining; getting back.

A medicament or treatment for an injury, illness, or behaviour.


frenesie

English: frenzy

Scots: franazy (obsolete)

Borrowed from Middle French frenesie, from Medieval Latin phrenesia, modification of Latin phrenēsis. Compare frenetik.
For pronunciations of this word with /a/, compare Old French franaisie, variant of frenesie; the MED's belief that such pronunciations are influenced by fantasie is unnecessary.

ffransy (alternative)
ffrenesye (alternative)
franesie (alternative)
fransey (alternative)
fransie (alternative)
fransye (alternative)
frenesy (alternative)
frenesye (alternative)
frensy (alternative)
frensye (alternative)

Irrationality, insanity; the condition of lacking a sound mind.


teer

teres (plural)
teren (plural)
teere (alternative)
ter (alternative)
tere (alternative)
tær (alternative)
tear (alternative)
tyer (alternative)
tyear (alternative)
tyar (alternative)

English: tear

desc

Middle Scots: tear, tere, teir, tichwr, tychir

Scots: tear, taer, tare, teir

From Old English tēar, tǣr, tæhher, teagor, from Proto-West Germanic *tahr.

A tear as a symptom of disease or injury.

An emotionally-triggered tear (e.g. ecstasy, remorse, sadness, sympathy)


ters

tersis (plural)
tars (alternative)
tarse (alternative)
tearse (alternative)
terce (alternative)

English: tarse

Scots: tars, ters

From Old English teors, from Proto-West Germanic *ters (“nail; penis”).


tusky

English: tusky


wolle

wolles (plural)
wol (alternative)
woll (alternative)
woolle (alternative)
woul (alternative)
woule (alternative)
wull (alternative)
wulle (alternative)

English: wool

desc

Scots: woll, wol, wow, wo, oull, owll, owl, oo

Yola: wul

Inherited from Old English wull, from Proto-West Germanic *wullu, from Proto-Germanic *wullō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂. The final vowel is generalised from the Old English oblique cases.

Shorn wool, especially stockpiled in bulk.


milte

English: milt

Scots: melt, meilt

From Old English milte, from Proto-West Germanic *meltā, *miltijā, from Proto-Germanic *meltǭ.

milt (alternative)
multe (alternative)
mylt (alternative)
mylte (alternative)


enen

enm-verb

enen (third-person singular simple present eneth, present participle enende, enynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle ened)

eneth (present singular third-person)
enende (participle present)
enynge (participle present)
ened (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
enen (infinitive)
to enen (infinitive)
ene (first-person present singular)
ened (first-person past singular)
enest (present second-person singular)
enedest (past second-person singular)
eneth (present singular third-person)
ened (past singular third-person)
ene (present singular subjunctive)
ened (past singular subjunctive)
ene (imperative present singular)
enen (plural present)
ene (plural present)
eneden (past plural)
enede (past plural)
eneth (imperative plural present)
ene (imperative plural present)
enynge (participle present)
enende (participle present)
ened (participle past)
yened (participle past)
einde (alternative)
enyen (alternative)
enyn (alternative)

English: ean

Scots: eenie

Inherited from Old English ēanian, from Proto-West Germanic *aunōn, from Proto-Germanic *aunōną, from *aunaz (“lamb”).
Variants with /d/ are from reinterpretation of the past-tense suffix as part of the verbal stem (compare modern English lend, sound).

(rare, of livestock) To give birth; to yean.


toppen

toppen (infinitive)
to toppen (infinitive)
toppe (infinitive)
toppe (first-person present singular)
topped (first-person past singular)
toppest (present second-person singular)
toppedest (past second-person singular)
toppeth (present singular third-person)
topped (past singular third-person)
toppe (present singular subjunctive)
topped (past singular subjunctive)
toppe (imperative present singular)
toppen (plural present)
toppe (plural present)
toppeden (past plural)
toppede (past plural)
toppeth (imperative plural present)
toppe (imperative plural present)
toppynge (participle present)
toppende (participle present)
topped (participle past)
ytopped (participle past)
toppyn (alternative)

English: top

Scots: tap


veine

veines (plural)
vein (alternative)
vene (alternative)
veyne (alternative)
vena (alternative)
vain (alternative)
vaine (alternative)
wein (alternative)
weine (alternative)
wain (alternative)
waine (alternative)
wane (alternative)

English: vein

Scots: van, vane, vain, vaine

From Anglo-Norman veine, from Latin vēna.

Whan that Auerill wᵗ his shoures soote / The droghte of march hath ꝑced to the roote / And bathed euery veyne in swich lycour / Of which v̄tu engendred is the flour[…]

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “Here Bygynneth the Book of the Tales of Caunt́burẏ”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 2, recto:

When that April, with its sweet showers / Has pierced March's drought to the root / And bathed every vein in fluid such that / with its power, the flower is made […]


hamme

hammes (plural)
hommen (plural)
ham (alternative)
hambe (alternative)
hame (alternative)
homme (alternative)

English: ham

Scots: ham, hamb

Inherited from Old English ham, hamm (“back of the knee”), from Proto-West Germanic *hammu, from Proto-Germanic *hammō. The final vowel is generalised from Old English inflected forms.


forke

forkes (plural)
forken (plural)
fork (alternative)
furke (alternative)
forch (alternative)
fourch (alternative)

English: fork (see there for further descendants)

Scots: fork

Yola: vork

From Old English force, from Proto-West Germanic *furkō, from Latin furca; also influenced by Anglo-Norman forque and Old French forche, both from the same Latin word.

(Late Middle English, anatomy) A point, spike, or projection on a bone or tooth.


secte

sectes (plural)
sect (alternative)
sekt (alternative)
sekte (alternative)

English: sect

Scots: sect, seck

Borrowed from Old French secte, from Late Latin secta.

A religion or religious organisation (usually not referring to Christianity)

People who behave or think in a specified manner (either as a group or in general).

(rare) One's physical composition or existence.


eie

eien (plural)
yȝe (alternative)
ye (alternative)
yë (alternative)
yghe (alternative)
eye (alternative)
eȝhe (alternative)
eȝe (alternative)
eighe (alternative)
eyghe (alternative)
eyȝe (alternative)
iȝe (alternative)

English: eye
Sranan Tongo: ai

Geordie English: ee, eye

Scots: ee

Yola: ieen, eeen, een, eyen, eein, ein (plural)

From Old English ēaġe, ēge, from Proto-West Germanic *augā, from Proto-Germanic *augô, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs.

(figuratively) A highly valued or regarded object.


matere

materes (plural)
mater (alternative)
materie (alternative)
matier (alternative)
matiere (alternative)
mateer (alternative)
matire (alternative)
matir (alternative)
matyre (alternative)
matyr (alternative)
mature (alternative)
matur (alternative)

English: matter

Scots: matter, maitter

From Anglo-Norman matere, from Latin māteria.

Matter or stuff; that which things are composed of:

Primordial, crude or essential matter; matter without complication.

(rare) The real essence or body of something (as opposed to its form or permutations)

(rare, theology) The physical actions or part of a Christian ritual.

One of a human body's liquids or fluids; a biofluid:

A harmful, disease-bringing, or deleterious bodily fluid.

(rare) Partially digested food while sitting in the stomach.

A pursuit, occurrence, condition, or event, especially when problematic:

(law) A lawsuit or litigation; legal action or activity.

A topic or theme; an area of knowledge or discussion:

The information or informants one draws upon for a work; the matter used as source.

(rare) A twig or bough; a portion of a plant or tree.


matere

English: mater

At fourten yer sche conseyved Cryste in hire matere clere,
And in the fiftene yer sche chyldyd, this avowe dare I;
Here lyvyng wyth that swete sone thre and thretty yere,

ante''' 1475: Ludus Coventriæ, XLI: “The Assumption of the Virgin”, lines 5–8

And after his deth in erthe xij. yer dede sche tary.


kerven

kerven (infinitive)
to kerven (infinitive)
kerve (infinitive)
kerve (first-person present singular)
carf (first-person past singular)
kervest (present second-person singular)
curve (past second-person singular)
corve (past second-person singular)
carf (past second-person singular)
kerveth (present singular third-person)
carf (past singular third-person)
kerve (present singular subjunctive)
curve (past singular subjunctive)
corve (past singular subjunctive)
kerve (imperative present singular)
kerven (plural present)
kerve (plural present)
curven (past plural)
curve (past plural)
corven (past plural)
corve (past plural)
kerveth (imperative plural present)
kerve (imperative plural present)
kervynge (participle present)
kervende (participle present)
corven (participle past)
corve (participle past)
ycorven (participle past)
ycorve (participle past)
carve (alternative)
carven (alternative)
cerven (alternative)
karven (alternative)
kerve (alternative)
kirven (alternative)
kyrvyn (alternative)
ceorfan (alternative)
ceorfæn (alternative)
keorven (alternative)

English: carve

Scots: cairve, kerve, kerf, carf

From Old English ċeorfan, from Proto-West Germanic *kerban, from Proto-Germanic *kerbaną.
The total depalatalization of most forms seems to have arisen from analogy to past plural curven and past participle corven; compare cherven.

To cut or stab; to slash as to cause cutting or stabbing:

To cut into; to slice (especially meat).

To make surgical incisions or perform surgical operations.

To remove or expel by cutting off or out.


winge

winges (plural)
wyngen (plural)
wynge (alternative)
wyng (alternative)
wenge (alternative)
whynge (alternative)
weng (alternative)
wengge (alternative)
wing (alternative)
wynghe (alternative)

English: wing

Scots: weeng

Yola: wing

From Old Norse vængr, from Proto-Germanic *wēngijaz.

⁊ þe foure beeſtis hadden euery of hem ſixe wyngis / ⁊ al aboute and wiþ inne þei weren ful of iȝen / ⁊ þei hadden not reſte · dai ⁊ nyȝt, ſeiynge · hooli · hooli · hooli .· þe loꝛd god almyȝti / þat was ⁊ þat is .· ⁊ þat is to comynge

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Apocalips 4:8, page 118v, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

And all of the four beasts had six wings, and they were covered with eyes across all their body; and they didn't rest, day or night, in saying: "Holy, holy, holy, the almighty Lord God, who was, who is, and who will come".

A wing (arm enabling flight; used in cooking and medicine).

(figurative) A method or means of flight.

(figurative) A shelter or refuge (as a bird guards its young)

(rare, Late Middle English) A portion; a section.


maris

Borrowed from Old French marris, marriz, from Latin mātrīx. Doublet of matrice.

marice (alternative)
mariche (alternative)
mariz (alternative)
marriz (alternative)
marys (alternative)


fleme

English: fleam

Borrowed from Old French flieme, from Vulgar Latin *fletoma, from Late Latin phlebotomus, from Ancient Greek φλεβότομος (phlebótomos), φλεβοτόμον (phlebotómon).

(Late Middle English, rare) A lancet or fleam.


snaren

snaren (infinitive)
to snaren (infinitive)
snare (infinitive)
snare (first-person present singular)
snared (first-person past singular)
snarest (present second-person singular)
snaredest (past second-person singular)
snareth (present singular third-person)
snared (past singular third-person)
snare (present singular subjunctive)
snared (past singular subjunctive)
snare (imperative present singular)
snaren (plural present)
snare (plural present)
snareden (past plural)
snarede (past plural)
snareth (imperative plural present)
snare (imperative plural present)
snarynge (participle present)
snarende (participle present)
snared (participle past)
snare (alternative)
snarre (alternative)
snaryn (alternative)

English: snare

From snare (“snare”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

(surgery, rare) To remove a wound with a snare.


huske

English: husk

Probably borrowed from Middle Low German hūske(n) or Middle Dutch hūskijn, diminutive of hūs (“house”).

(anatomy) A covering (of a wound or the foreskin)


tonge

tonges (plural)
tongen (plural)
tong (alternative)
tung (alternative)
tunge (alternative)

desctree

English: tongue, tounge (misspelling, otherwise obsolete), tung (eye dialect, otherwise obsolete), tong, tonge, toong, toongue, toung, toungue, tunge (obsolete)
Australian Kriol: tang
Bislama: tang
Sranan Tongo: tongo
Tok Pisin: tang
Torres Strait Creole: tang

Scots: tung, tongue, tong

From Old English tunge (“tongue, language”).


tonge

tonges (plural)
tongen (plural)
tang (alternative)
tange (alternative)
tongge (alternative)
toonge (alternative)
tounge (alternative)

English: tong (tongs); tang

Scots: tang, taing

From Old English tang, tange, from Proto-West Germanic *tangu, from Proto-Germanic *tangō. Reinforced by Old Norse tangi.

A pair of tongs:
(surgery) A forceps (surgical tongs)

A pair of tongs:
A forceps (surgical tongs)


cunte

English: cunt

Scots: cunt

From Old English *cunte, from Proto-West Germanic *kuntā, from Proto-Germanic *kuntǭ.

cunt (alternative)
cownte (alternative)
counte (alternative)
count (alternative)
conte (alternative)

Þe maide þat ȝeuit hirſilf alle. / Oþir to fre man, oþir to þralle. / Ar ringe be ſet an honde. / And pleiit with þe croke and wiþ þe balle. / And mekit gret þat erſt was ſmalle. / Þe wedding got to ſconde. / Ȝeue þi cunte to cunni[n]g / and craue affetir weddin[g] quod hendi[ng].

a. 1300, Hending, The Proverbs of Hending, stanza 42, page 479v-r:

The woman that gives herself totally / either to a freeman or a serf / before a ring is set on her hand / and who plays with the twig and berries / and makes great that once was small / [Her] wedding becomes shameful. / "Give your vagina with cunning / and make your requests after the wedding" said Hending.


rotynge

rotynges (plural)
rotinge (alternative)
roting (alternative)
rotyng (alternative)
rotunge (alternative)

English: rotting

From Old English rotung; equivalent to roten (“to rot”) + -ing.

Rotting or decomposition; the situation where something rots.


weke

English: wick

Scots: week

From Old English wēoce, from Proto-West Germanic *weukā (“flax bundle, wick”), from Proto-Indo-European *weg- (“to weave”), see also West Frisian wjok, wjuk (“wing”), Dutch wiek (“wing; propeller, blade; wick”), German Wieche (“wisp; wick”).

cog

wec (alternative)
weeke (alternative)
weike (alternative)
weyk (alternative)
weyke (alternative)
wik (alternative)
wyk (alternative)


surgien

surgiens (plural)
surgean (alternative)
surgian (alternative)
sergien (alternative)
surgyen (alternative)
surgiene (alternative)
sorjoun (alternative)
surgyn (alternative)

English: surgeon

Scots: surgeon

Borrowed Old French surgien, itself inherited from Vulgar Latin *chīrurgiānus, from Latin chīrurgia. Doublet of cirurgien.

A surgeon; one who practices the art of surgery.


writhen

writhen (infinitive)
to writhen (infinitive)
writhe (infinitive)
writhe (first-person present singular)
wroth (first-person past singular)
writhest (present second-person singular)
writhe (past second-person singular)
wroth (past second-person singular)
writheth (present singular third-person)
wroth (past singular third-person)
writhe (present singular subjunctive)
writhe (past singular subjunctive)
writhe (imperative present singular)
writhen (plural present)
writhe (plural present)
writhen (past plural)
writhe (past plural)
writheth (imperative plural present)
writhe (imperative plural present)
writhynge (participle present)
writhende (participle present)
writhen (participle past)
writhe (participle past)
wrethen (participle past)
wrethe (participle past)
ywrithen (participle past)
ywrithe (participle past)
wryþen (alternative)
wryþe (alternative)
wrythyn (alternative)
wriþen (alternative)
writhyn (alternative)
writhe (alternative)

English: writhe

Scots: wryth, writhe

From Old English wrīþan. Cognates include Old Swedish vrīþa and Middle High German rīden.

To go or look away; to avoid involvement in an activity or matter.

(rare, surgery) To drill a hole by a twisting motion.


noyous

English: noyous

An aphetic form of anoyous; equivalent to noy + -ous.

newous (alternative)
noȝous (alternative)
noieose (alternative)
noieous (alternative)
noious (alternative)
noiouse (alternative)
noius (alternative)
noyes (alternative)
noyhous (alternative)
noyis (alternative)
noyose (alternative)
noyouse (alternative)
noyows (alternative)
noyowse (alternative)
noyus (alternative)
nuous (alternative)
nuyous (alternative)
nuyus (alternative)
nyes (alternative)
nyous (alternative)


clift

cliftes (plural)
clyft (alternative)
clifte (alternative)
clyfte (alternative)

English: cleft

Scots: clift

Inherited from Old English ġeclyft, from Proto-Germanic *kluftiz; equivalent to cleven + -th.

A slash wound; an injury from an instance of slicing, cleaving, rupturing or cutting.


wasten

enm-verb

wasten (third-person singular simple present wasteth, present participle wastende, wastynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle wasted)

wasteth (present singular third-person)
wastende (participle present)
wastynge (participle present)
wasted (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
wasten (infinitive)
to wasten (infinitive)
waste (infinitive)
waste (first-person present singular)
wasted (first-person past singular)
wastest (present second-person singular)
wastedest (past second-person singular)
wasteth (present singular third-person)
wasted (past singular third-person)
waste (present singular subjunctive)
wasted (past singular subjunctive)
waste (imperative present singular)
wasten (plural present)
waste (plural present)
wasteden (past plural)
wastede (past plural)
wasteth (imperative plural present)
waste (imperative plural present)
wastynge (participle present)
wastende (participle present)
wasted (participle past)
waaste (alternative)
waasten (alternative)
waaston (alternative)
waastye (alternative)
waist (alternative)
wast (alternative)
waste (alternative)
wasti (alternative)
wayst (alternative)

English: waste

Scots: waste

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman waster (Parisien guaster), from Latin vāstō, with influence from Frankish *wōstijan; equivalent to wast (“desolate”) + -en (infinitival suffix). Compare westen (“to devastate”).

af

To ruin or damage; to cause damage to:
To enfeeble; to make weak or sickly.

To ruin or damage; to cause damage to:
To eat at; to cause to decay or shrink.

To destroy; to utterly consume or eliminate:

To cleanse; to make something evanesce or evacuate.

To utilise or expend (resources or supplies):

To waste resources; to expend wastefully.

To expend time (usually in a wasteful way)


drope

dropes (plural)
dropen (plural rare)
drop (alternative)
droppe (alternative)
droupe (alternative)
droype (alternative)

English: drop

Scots: drap

From Old English dropa, from Proto-West Germanic *dropō, from Proto-Germanic *drupô.

A shower or gush; a falling agglomeration of droplets.

(medicine) A disease having speckles or spots as a symptom.


donge

English: dung

Scots: dung

From Old English dung, from Proto-West Germanic *dungu, from Proto-Germanic *dungō. The final vowel is generalised from Old English oblique cases.

dong (alternative)
donke (alternative)
doung (alternative)
dounge (alternative)
dung (alternative)
dunge (alternative)

Dung or feces, especially of animals (used in medicine or fertiliser)


nekke

nekkes (plural)
nekken (plural)
nake (alternative)
nec (alternative)
necke (alternative)
nek (alternative)
neke (alternative)
nhicke (alternative)
nykke (alternative)

English: neck

Scots: neck

Inherited from Old English hnecca, from Proto-West Germanic *hnakkō, from Proto-Germanic *hnakkô.

The neck (body part connecting the head and trunk):


schaft

schaftes (plural)
scæft (alternative)
scaft (alternative)
shaft (alternative)
sschaft (alternative)
scheft (alternative)
sheft (alternative)
shafft (alternative)
schafft (alternative)
chafte (alternative)
saft (alternative)
shaffet (alternative)
schafte (alternative)
shafte (alternative)

English: shaft

Scots: schaft, shaft

Inherited from Old English sċeaft (“shaft”), from Proto-West Germanic *skaft, from Proto-Germanic *skaftaz.

inh+

A weapon's shaft; the body of a polearm.


lyme

lymes (plural)
leme (alternative)
lim (alternative)
lime (alternative)
lym (alternative)
limæ (alternative)
leome (alternative)

English: limb

Scots: limb, lim

⇒ Yola: lemethès

From limu, plural of Old English lim, from Proto-West Germanic *limu.


schaven

enm-verb

schaven (third-person singular simple present schaveth, present participle schavynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative schof, past participle schaven)

schaveth (present singular third-person)
schavynge (participle present)
schof (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
schaven (participle past)
schaven (infinitive)
to schaven (infinitive)
schave (infinitive)
schave (first-person present singular)
schof (first-person past singular)
schaved (first-person past singular)
schavest (present second-person singular)
schove (past second-person singular)
schof (past second-person singular)
schavedest (past second-person singular)
schaveth (present singular third-person)
schof (past singular third-person)
schaved (past singular third-person)
schave (present singular subjunctive)
schove (past singular subjunctive)
schaved (past singular subjunctive)
schave (imperative present singular)
schaven (plural present)
schave (plural present)
schoven (past plural)
schove (past plural)
schaveden (past plural)
schavede (past plural)
schaveth (imperative plural present)
schave (imperative plural present)
schavynge (participle present)
schavende (participle present)
schaven (participle past)
schave (participle past)
schaved (participle past)
yschaven (participle past)
yschave (participle past)
yschaved (participle past)
schave (alternative)
shave (alternative)
shaven (alternative)

English: shave

→ Welsh: siafio

q

through confluence with Norwegian <i class="Latn mention" lang="no">skave</i>

Scots: schave, schaif, schaiff; shaav (through confluence with Norwegian skave)

From Old English sċafan, from Proto-West Germanic *skaban; equivalent to schave + -en (infinitival suffix).

To scrape or scratch, especially into pieces:

To razor hair; to use an unpaired blade to cut hair:

To shave; to remove all hair in a given area.


lippe

English: lip

Scots: lip

From Old English lippa, from Proto-West Germanic *lippjō.


forhed

English: forehead

Yola: vorreat

From Old English fōrehēafod, foranhēafod.

forheved (alternative)
forhefd (alternative)
forred (alternative)
farred (alternative)
forheed (alternative)


herte

enm-noun

herte (plural hertes or herten or herte)

hertes (plural)
herten (plural)
herte (plural)
hart (alternative)
harte (alternative)
heorte (alternative)
hert (alternative)
hertt (alternative)
hirte (alternative)
huerte (alternative)
heortæ (alternative)
heorrte (alternative)
herrte (alternative)
hierte (alternative)
horte (alternative)
hurte (alternative)

English: heart (see there for further descendants)

Scots: hert, hart, hairt

Yola: hearth, hart

Inherited from Old English heorte, from Proto-West Germanic *hertā, from Proto-Germanic *hertô, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr.

(anatomy) heart (organ, sometimes eaten).

One's feelings, or beliefs; the heart viewed as a source of them:

One's (inherent or current) attitude or behaviour.


chyn

chynnes (plural)
chin (alternative)
chinne (alternative)
chynne (alternative)
shyne (alternative)
schyn (alternative)

English: chin

Scots: chin, chyn

From Old English ċinn, from Proto-West Germanic *kinnu, form Proto-Germanic *kinnuz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénus.


berd

berdes (plural)
bard (alternative)
bærd (alternative)
beord (alternative)
burd (alternative)

English: beard

Scots: berd, berde, beird

Yola: bearde

→ Anglo-Norman: berd

gl

merged with Old French <i class="Latn mention" lang="fro">barbier</i>

→⇒ Anglo-Norman: barder (verb) (merged with Old French barbier)

From Old English beard, from Proto-West Germanic *bard, from Proto-Germanic *bardaz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰardʰeh₂.


drye

head

drye (plural and weak singular drye, comparative *dryer, superlative *dryest)

drye (plural)
drye (singular weak)
*dryer (comparative)
*dryest (superlative)
drie (alternative)
dry (alternative)
dryge (alternative)
druȝe (alternative)
dryȝe (alternative)
dri (alternative)
drige (alternative)
driȝe (alternative)
driȝȝe (alternative)
dru (alternative)
drue (alternative)
druiȝe (alternative)
druie (alternative)
drei (alternative)
dreie (alternative)
draie (alternative)

English: dry

Scots: dry, drey

From Old English drȳġe, from Proto-West Germanic *drūgi, from Proto-Germanic *drūgiz.


drye

drie (alternative)
dry (alternative)
dryge (alternative)
druȝe (alternative)
dryȝe (alternative)
dri (alternative)
drige (alternative)
driȝe (alternative)
driȝȝe (alternative)
dru (alternative)
drue (alternative)
druiȝe (alternative)
druie (alternative)
drei (alternative)
dreie (alternative)
draie (alternative)

(alchemy, medicine) Something considered alchemically dry.


drawen

enm-verb

drawen (third-person singular simple present draweth, present participle drawinge, first-/third-person singular past indicative drogh or drew, past participle drawen)

draweth (present singular third-person)
drawinge (participle present)
drogh (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
drew (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
drawen (participle past)
drawen (infinitive)
to drawen (infinitive)
drawe (infinitive)
drawe (first-person present singular)
drogh (first-person past singular)
drew (first-person past singular)
drawest (present second-person singular)
drowe (past second-person singular)
drewe (past second-person singular)
drogh (past second-person singular)
drew (past second-person singular)
draweth (present singular third-person)
drogh (past singular third-person)
drew (past singular third-person)
drawe (present singular subjunctive)
drowe (past singular subjunctive)
drewe (past singular subjunctive)
drawe (imperative present singular)
drawen (plural present)
drawe (plural present)
drowen (past plural)
drowe (past plural)
drewen (past plural)
drewe (past plural)
draweth (imperative plural present)
drawe (imperative plural present)
drawynge (participle present)
drawende (participle present)
drawen (participle past)
drawe (participle past)
ydrawen (participle past)
ydrawe (participle past)
drauen (alternative)
dragen (alternative)
draghen (alternative)
draȝen (alternative)
drauhen (alternative)
draȝhenn (alternative)
drawe (alternative)
draue (alternative)
draȝe (alternative)

English: draw

Scots: draw

Yola: dra

From Old English dragan, from Proto-West Germanic *dragan. Many senses are calqued from Latin trahere.

(medicine) To extract blood from (someone)

To pull, move or draw away:
To extract blood from (someone)


cheke

chekes (plural)
cheken (plural)
cheek (alternative)
cheeke (alternative)
cheoke (alternative)
chieke (alternative)
chike (alternative)
choke (alternative)
chooke (alternative)
chyke (alternative)

English: cheek; choke

Scots: cheek

/ˈt͡ʃɛːk(ə)/

/ˈt͡ʃɔːk(ə)/

Originally two distinct nouns:
* Old English ċēace, from Proto-West Germanic *kākā, from Proto-Germanic *kēkǭ.
* Old English ċēoce, from Proto-West Germanic *keukā, from Proto-Germanic *keukǭ.


poynt

poyntes (plural)
poyns (plural)
poynte (alternative)
point (alternative)
pointe (alternative)
poyinte (alternative)
poinȝte (alternative)
ponte (alternative)
puinte (alternative)
pynte (alternative)
peynt (alternative)

English: point

Yola: pint, peint

Borrowed from Old French point, puint, pointe and Anglo-Norman puingte.

(medicine) stitch used in sewing together a wound


mirour

mirours (plural)
myrour (alternative)
meror (alternative)
merrour (alternative)
myrowre (alternative)
myrrour (alternative)
merowre (alternative)
myrure (alternative)
mirowr (alternative)

English: mirror

Scots: mirror

From Old French mireor, from the verb mirer (“to look at”).

A mirror, looking-glass, or other reflective surface.

Texts, books, or writings used for advice or help.


chaungen

chaungen (third-person singular simple present chaungeth, present participle chaungende, chaungynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle chaunged)

chaungeth (present singular third-person)
chaungende (participle present)
chaungynge (participle present)
chaunged (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
chaungen (infinitive)
to chaungen (infinitive)
chaunge (infinitive)
chaunge (first-person present singular)
chaunged (first-person past singular)
chaungest (present second-person singular)
chaungedest (past second-person singular)
chaungeth (present singular third-person)
chaunged (past singular third-person)
chaunge (present singular subjunctive)
chaunged (past singular subjunctive)
chaunge (imperative present singular)
chaungen (plural present)
chaunge (plural present)
chaungeden (past plural)
chaungede (past plural)
chaungeth (imperative plural present)
chaunge (imperative plural present)
chaungynge (participle present)
chaungende (participle present)
chaunged (participle past)
change (alternative)
chaunge (alternative)
chaungi (alternative)
chaungie (alternative)
chawnge (alternative)
chawngyn (alternative)
chaynge (alternative)
chonge (alternative)
schaunche (alternative)

English: change

Scots: cheenge, chinge, cheynge

/ˈt͡ʃaːnd͡ʒən/

/ˈt͡ʃɔnd͡ʒən/

/ˈt͡ʃæi̯nd͡ʒən/

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman chaungier, chaunger and continental Old French changier, from Latin cambiāre, from Gaulish cambion (“change”); equivalent to chaunge (“change”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

To change or vary; to become or make different:


coler

English: choler

From Old French colere, from Latin cholera (which some forms are directly from).

colre (alternative)
colrie (alternative)
colrye (alternative)
colorye (alternative)
colera (alternative)

medicinal humors: humour: coler · flewme · malencolie · sanguine [edit]

Yellow bile as one of the four cardinal humours believed to influence health and mood.


alienat

English: alienate

From Latin aliēnātus; equivalent to alienen + -at.

Mad, insane or crazed; showing lack or loss of mental sanity.


cubite

cubites (plural)
cubite (plural)
cubet (alternative)
cubit (alternative)
cubyte (alternative)

English: cubit

Scots: cubit (obsolete)

An elbow; the joint in the centre of the arm.


cirurgical

English: chirurgical

Borrowed from Middle French cirurgical, from Medieval Latin cirurgicālis.


governour

gouvernours (plural)
governor (alternative)
governoure (alternative)
governowre (alternative)
governur (alternative)

English: governor (see there for further descendants)

Scots: governour

Yola: governere

Borrowed from Old French gouvreneur, governeor, from Latin gubernātor; equivalent to governen + -our.

(physiology, rare) A body part which controls other body parts.


governen

governen (infinitive)
to governen (infinitive)
governe (infinitive)
governe (first-person present singular)
governed (first-person past singular)
governest (present second-person singular)
governedest (past second-person singular)
governeth (present singular third-person)
governed (past singular third-person)
governe (present singular subjunctive)
governed (past singular subjunctive)
governe (imperative present singular)
governen (plural present)
governe (plural present)
governeden (past plural)
governede (past plural)
governeth (imperative plural present)
governe (imperative plural present)
governynge (participle present)
governende (participle present)
governed (participle past)
ygoverned (participle past)
governe (alternative)
guverne (alternative)
gouvern (alternative)

English: govern

Scots: govern

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman and Old French governer, guverner, from Latin gubernō, from Ancient Greek κυβερνάω (kubernáō).

To direct an individual or thing directly:

(physiology) To affect a body part or bodily system.


rixis

English: rhexis

(medicine) rhexis, especially phleborrhexis or arteriorrhexis (rupture of a blood vessel)


yvory

English: ivory

From Anglo-Norman ivurie, from Latin eboreus.

ivorie (alternative)
yvor (alternative)
yvore (alternative)
ivery (alternative)
yvery (alternative)
yvori (alternative)
ivory (alternative)
yvoyre (alternative)
evurye (alternative)
evyry (alternative)
yvorie (alternative)
yver (alternative)
evour (alternative)
yverie (alternative)
ywory (alternative)


yvory

English: ivory


nappen

nappen (infinitive)
to nappen (infinitive)
nappe (infinitive)
nappe (first-person present singular)
napped (first-person past singular)
nappest (present second-person singular)
nappedest (past second-person singular)
nappeth (present singular third-person)
napped (past singular third-person)
nappe (present singular subjunctive)
napped (past singular subjunctive)
nappe (imperative present singular)
nappen (plural present)
nappe (plural present)
nappeden (past plural)
nappede (past plural)
nappeth (imperative plural present)
nappe (imperative plural present)
nappynge (participle present)
nappende (participle present)
napped (participle past)
ynapped (participle past)
nap (alternative)
nape (alternative)
nappe (alternative)
nappi (alternative)
nappyn (alternative)

English: nap

Scots: nap

Inherited from Old English hnappian, from Proto-West Germanic *hnappōn, of unknown origin.


lavour

lavours (plural)
lavor (alternative)
laver (alternative)
lavur (alternative)
lavyr (alternative)

English: laver

From Old French laveoir, from Late Latin lavātōrium. Doublet of lavatorie.

A jug or pitcher; a container for pouring water.

A basin or sink for washing one's hands in.


moiste

head

moiste (plural and weak singular moiste, comparative moister, superlative moistest)

moiste (plural)
moiste (singular weak)
moister (comparative)
moistest (superlative)
moist (alternative)
moyste (alternative)
moyst (alternative)
moste (alternative)
moost (alternative)

English: moist

From Old French moiste, of unknown origin.


ston

enm-noun

ston (plural stones or ston or (early, rare) stonen)

stones (plural)
ston (plural)
stonen (plural rare)
stan (alternative)
stane (alternative)
stoan (alternative)
stone (alternative)
stoon (alternative)
stoone (alternative)

English: stone (see there for further descendants)

Geordie English: styen

Scots: stane

Yola: sthoan

→ Anglo-Norman: ston

Inherited from Old English stān, from Proto-West Germanic *stain, from Proto-Germanic *stainaz.

A solid mass resembling stone, especially:


sanguinolent

English: sanguinolent

From Old French sanguinolent, borrowed itself from Latin sanguinolentus.

Emitting blood or having blood flow out; currently bleeding.

Forestalling or countering bloodflow or blood spurting.

Blood-coloured; having the same colour of blood.


lana succida

Borrowed from Medieval Latin lāna succida (“greasy wool”).

bor

(medicine) unwashed sheep’s wool, used raw or impregnated with medicinal oils, ointments, vel sim. as a medicament


kirtel

kirtles (plural)
curtel (alternative)
curtil (alternative)
cuyrtel (alternative)
kertel (alternative)
kertell (alternative)
kertelle (alternative)
kertil (alternative)
kiertel (alternative)
kirtell (alternative)
kirtil (alternative)
kirtill (alternative)
kirtyll (alternative)
kurtel (alternative)
kurtell (alternative)
kyrtell (alternative)
kyrtil (alternative)
kyrtle (alternative)
kyrtul (alternative)
kyrtyl (alternative)
kyrtylle (alternative)

English: kirtle

Scots: kirtle

Inherited from Old English cyrtel, akin to Old Norse kyrtill.

(anatomy, figurative) A tunic or membrane.


gutte

guttes (plural)
gutten (plural)
gut (alternative)
got (alternative)
gutt (alternative)
gotte (alternative)

English: gut

Scots: gut

From Old English guttas (a plurale tantum), from Proto-Germanic *gut-, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰewd- (“to pour”).

The chest or abdominal region, especially when representing excessive eating.


bouk

boukes (plural)
bouken (plural)
booke (alternative)
book (alternative)
buc (alternative)
buk (alternative)
boyke (alternative)
bouke (alternative)

English: bouk (obsolete)

Scots: bouk, bowk, buik

From Old English būc, from Proto-West Germanic *būk, from Proto-Germanic *būkaz.


feture

fetures (plural)
fetour (alternative)
fayture (alternative)
ffeture (alternative)
feature (alternative)
fetare (alternative)
fetewr (alternative)
fetture (alternative)
fetur (alternative)
ffetur (alternative)
feiture (alternative)
feetour (alternative)

English: feature

Scots: fayter, featur

From Anglo-Norman feture, from Latin factūra.

One's form or bodily profile; the overall appearance of a given human.

A feature or part (almost always of the human body or face)

(rare) A piece of handiwork or crafts; something created.

(rare) A living organism; a being (viewed as God's creation)


yest

English: yeast

Scots: yest

From Old English ġist, ġyst, from Proto-Germanic *jestuz.

yeste (alternative)
ȝeest (alternative)
ȝest (alternative)
yeaste (alternative)
gyst (alternative)
gest (alternative)
yeest (alternative)


souke

English: suck

Scots: souk

Breastfeeding or milking; the extraction of milk.


yvel

head

yvel (plural and weak singular yvele, comparative worse, superlative worst)

yvele (plural)
yvele (singular weak)
worse (comparative)
worst (superlative)
ivel (alternative)
evel (alternative)
uvel (alternative)
ivil (alternative)
evil (alternative)
yvyl (alternative)
evyl (alternative)
yvyll (alternative)
ivyll (alternative)
evyll (alternative)
evill (alternative)
yvell (alternative)
evell (alternative)
eveyl (alternative)
yvle (alternative)
ifel (alternative)
yfel (alternative)
ufel (alternative)
eovel (alternative)
ifell (alternative)

English: evil

Scots: evil

From Old English yfel, from Proto-West Germanic *ubil, from Proto-Germanic *ubilaz, of disputed further etymology.

Causing harm; injurious, damaging:
(pathology) infected, abnormal

Causing harm; injurious, damaging:
infected, abnormal


yvel

yvel (comparative worse, superlative worst)

worse (comparative)
worst (superlative)
ivel (alternative)
evel (alternative)
uvel (alternative)
evil (alternative)
evyl (alternative)
evell (alternative)
evyll (alternative)
yvele (alternative)
evele (alternative)
uvele (alternative)
yvle (alternative)
yfele (alternative)
ufele (alternative)

English: evil (obsolete)

From Old English yfele, yfle (“evilly, badly”).


governaunce

governaunces (plural)
gouvernance (alternative)
gouvernaunce (alternative)
governance (alternative)
governans (alternative)
governauns (alternative)
guvernance (alternative)

English: governance

Middle Scots: governance

Borrowed from Old French gouvernance, governance; equivalent to governen + -aunce.

(medicine, alchemy) A course of action; a set of directives.


triacle

English: treacle

→ Welsh: triagl

From Old French triacle, from Latin thēriaca, from Ancient Greek θηριακή (thēriakḗ).

triacul (alternative)
triakle (alternative)
triakel (alternative)
triakele (alternative)
triakil (alternative)
treacle (alternative)
treacul (alternative)
treakil (alternative)
treakille (alternative)

...for trewthe telleþ þat loue is triacle of heuene...

c. 1385, William Langland, Piers Plowman, section I:


unobedient

(anatomy, of a limb or muscle) unresponsive, inflexible

(pathology, of an abscess, tumor, or diseased tissue) resistant to treatment

tumor; or diseased tissue; tumor; or diseased tissue

(anatomy, of a humor) unresponsive, obstructive


goundy

English: goundy, gundy, gunny (dialectal)

From Old English gundiġ; equivalent to gounde + -y.

gondye (alternative)
goundi (alternative)
gowndy (alternative)
gundy (alternative)

(relating to the eyes) Covered in phlegm or gum.


launcet

launcettes (plural)
lancet (alternative)
lancete (alternative)
lancette (alternative)
launcette (alternative)
launset (alternative)
launsette (alternative)
lawncet (alternative)
lawnset (alternative)
lonset (alternative)

English: lancet

Borrowed from Old French lancete; equivalent to lance + -et.


muskadel

English: muscadel, muscatel

Borrowed from Old Occitan muscadel, diminutive of muscat. Compare Medieval Latin muscatellum, muscadellum.

muscadell (alternative)
muscadelle (alternative)
muscatellyn (alternative)
muskadell (alternative)
muskadelle (alternative)
muskedell (alternative)
mustadell (alternative)

(Late Middle English) Wine made from muscat grapes; muscatel.


adle

English: adle

From the oblique forms of Old English ādl, from Proto-West Germanic *aidlu, from Proto-Germanic *aidlō.

adl (alternative)
alde (alternative)
odle (alternative)


clarré

He drinketh ipocras, clarree, and vernage
Of spyces hote, tencresen his corage; [...]

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Merchant's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 1807-1808

He drinks mulled wine, claret, and strong white wine
With hot spices to increase his desire; …


noy

noyes (plural)
new (alternative)
ney (alternative)
noe (alternative)
noȝe (alternative)
noiȝe (alternative)
noye (alternative)
noyȝe (alternative)
nue (alternative)
nwy (alternative)
nye (alternative)

English: noy (obsolete)

Scots: noy (obsolete)

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman nui, reinforced through aphesis of anoy. Compare noyen.


hyde

Alternative form of hythe (“landing place, port”)


tharm

tharmes (plural)
therm (alternative)
þarm (alternative)
þearm (alternative)
thaarme (alternative)
þram (alternative)
þerm (alternative)

English: tharm

Scots: thairm, tharm

From Old English þearm.
Cognate to Old Frisian therm, Middle Low German darm, Middle Dutch darm, daerm, derm, Middle High German darm, Old Swedish tharmber, and Ancient Greek τόρμος (tórmos).

(rare) A parasitic worm living in the intestines.


savely

English: safely

Scots: safely

sauflyche (alternative)
saufly (alternative)
safly (alternative)
safliche (alternative)
sauveli (alternative)
savelie (alternative)
saveliche (alternative)
salfly (alternative)

With no risk to one's health or fitness; healthily.


savacioun

English: salvation

Scots: salvation

Borrowed from Old French salvacion, sauvacion, from Late Latin salvātiō, salvātiōnem; equivalent to saven + -acioun.

salvacion (alternative)
salvacioun (alternative)
salvacyon (alternative)
salvacyoun (alternative)
salvation (alternative)
sauvacioun (alternative)
savacion (alternative)
savacon (alternative)
savacoun (alternative)
savacyon (alternative)
sawacyon (alternative)
salvaciun (alternative)
salvatiun (alternative)
sauvaciun (alternative)

(medicine, rare) Medical remediation; the restoration of health.


childing

English: childing (archaic)

childinge (alternative)
childyng (alternative)
childynge (alternative)
childinke (alternative)
childingue (alternative)
childeng (alternative)
chyldyng (alternative)
chyldinge (alternative)
chyldynge (alternative)
childenge (alternative)
chilting (alternative)
shyldyng (alternative)


wombed

English: wombed

wombede (alternative)
wambed (alternative)
wambyd (alternative)

(Late Middle English) Possessing a stomach.


spumous

English: spumous

Borrowed from Latin spūmōsus; equivalent to spume + -ous.

spumouse (alternative)
spumose (alternative)

(pathology, Late Middle English, rare) spumous, foamy


schinen

schinen (infinitive)
to schinen (infinitive)
schine (infinitive)
schine (first-person present singular)
schon (first-person past singular)
schined (first-person past singular)
schinest (present second-person singular)
schone (past second-person singular)
schine (past second-person singular)
schon (past second-person singular)
schinedest (past second-person singular)
schineth (present singular third-person)
schon (past singular third-person)
schined (past singular third-person)
schine (present singular subjunctive)
schone (past singular subjunctive)
schine (past singular subjunctive)
schined (past singular subjunctive)
schine (imperative present singular)
schinen (plural present)
schine (plural present)
schonen (past plural)
schone (past plural)
schinen (past plural)
schine (past plural)
schineden (past plural)
schinede (past plural)
schineth (imperative plural present)
schine (imperative plural present)
schinynge (participle present)
schinende (participle present)
schinen (participle past)
schined (participle past)
yschinen (participle past)
yschined (participle past)
scinen (alternative)
sinen (alternative)
schynen (alternative)
shinen (alternative)
shynen (alternative)
shyne (alternative)
schyne (alternative)
schine (alternative)
shine (alternative)
schyn (alternative)
schinin (alternative)
ssine (alternative)

English: shine

Scots: shine, shyne

From Old English scīnan, from Proto-West Germanic *skīnan, from Proto-Germanic *skīnaną.

To emit brightness and lightness; to shine:

To emit light inherently; to be light (like a sheet of paper)

To shimmer; to shine due to being glossy, smooth or viscous.

To be reflective or shine due to this reflectivity

To gleam; to shine due to expensive accoutrements.

To have skin that is fair and attractive.


schiten

enm-verb

schiten (third-person singular simple present schiteth, present participle schitynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative schoot, past participle schiten)

schiteth (present singular third-person)
schitynge (participle present)
schoot (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
schiten (participle past)
schiten (infinitive)
to schiten (infinitive)
schite (infinitive)
schite (first-person present singular)
schoot (first-person past singular)
schitest (present second-person singular)
schite (past second-person singular)
schote (past second-person singular)
schoot (past second-person singular)
schiteth (present singular third-person)
schit (present singular third-person)
schoot (past singular third-person)
schite (present singular subjunctive)
schite (past singular subjunctive)
schote (past singular subjunctive)
schite (imperative present singular)
schiten (plural present)
schite (plural present)
schiten (past plural)
schite (past plural)
schoten (past plural)
schote (past plural)
schiteth (imperative plural present)
schite (imperative plural present)
schitynge (participle present)
schitende (participle present)
schiten (participle past)
schite (participle past)
yschiten (participle past)
yschite (participle past)
schite (alternative)
schyte (alternative)
schytyn (alternative)
shyte (alternative)
shytyn (alternative)

English: shit, shite

Scots: shit

Inherited from Old English sċītan, from Proto-West Germanic *skītan, from Proto-Germanic *skītaną, from Proto-Indo-European *skéydt; equivalent to schite (“diarrhoea”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


drit

English: dirt

Yola: dhurth

From Old Norse drit (“excrement”), from Proto-Germanic *dritą, *dritō (“excrement”).

drite (alternative)
dritte (alternative)
dirte (alternative)
dird (alternative)
dert (alternative)
durt (alternative)


blowen

blowen (infinitive)
to blowen (infinitive)
blowe (infinitive)
blowe (first-person present singular)
blew (first-person past singular)
blowest (present second-person singular)
blewe (past second-person singular)
blew (past second-person singular)
bloweth (present singular third-person)
blew (past singular third-person)
blowe (present singular subjunctive)
blewe (past singular subjunctive)
blowe (imperative present singular)
blowen (plural present)
blowe (plural present)
blewen (past plural)
blewe (past plural)
bloweth (imperative plural present)
blowe (imperative plural present)
blowynge (participle present)
blowende (participle present)
blowen (participle past)
blowe (participle past)
yblowen (participle past)
yblowe (participle past)
blouen (alternative)
blow (alternative)
blowe (alternative)
blowyn (alternative)
blawe (alternative)
blawen (alternative)
bloawen (alternative)

English: blow

Geordie English: blaw

Scots: blaw

Yola: blay

Inherited from Old English blāwan, from Proto-West Germanic *blāan, from Proto-Germanic *blēaną.

To spread a communicable disease (by exhalation).


hiden

enm-verb

hiden (third-person singular simple present hideth, present participle hidende, first-/third-person singular past indicative hidde, past participle hid)

hideth (present singular third-person)
hidende (participle present)
hidde (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
hid (participle past)
hid (alternative)
hide (alternative)
hied (alternative)
hiede (alternative)
hude (alternative)
huden (alternative)
huide (alternative)
huiden (alternative)
hede (alternative)
heden (alternative)
heide (alternative)
hoide (alternative)
hyd (alternative)
hyde (alternative)
hyed (alternative)
hyede (alternative)
huyde (alternative)
huyden (alternative)
heyde (alternative)
hoyde (alternative)

English: hide

Scots: hide, hyde


croppe

croppes (plural)
crop (alternative)
crope (alternative)
cropp (alternative)
croupe (alternative)
crowpe (alternative)

English: crop

desc

Scots: crap, crop, croip, cropt, croup, croop

From Old English cropp, croppa, from Proto-West Germanic *kropp, from Proto-Germanic *kruppaz (“body; lump; bunch; crop”). Doublet of croupe.

inh

(rare, figuratively) The head or end of something.


sider

desctree

English: cider
→ Bulgarian: са́йдер (sájder)
→ Finnish: siideri
→ Jersey Dutch: sâiter
→ Japanese: サイダー (saidā)
→ Korean: 사이다 (saida)

Scots: cedar (obsolete)

→ Welsh: seidr

From Old French cisdre, sidre, from Medieval Latin sīcera, from Ancient Greek σίκερα (síkera), from Hebrew שֵׁכָר (šēḵār). Doublet of ciser.

der

Hebrew שֵׁכָר (šēḵār)

sedyr (alternative)
cedyr (alternative)
sydyr (alternative)
cidre (alternative)
sidre (alternative)
syder (alternative)
sydur (alternative)
siþer (alternative)
sythere (alternative)
sydir (alternative)
sidur (alternative)
sithir (alternative)
cyther (alternative)
cyder (alternative)

Hard cider or an analogous beverage made of other fruits.

Any alcoholic beverage of great strength and potency.


haterel

haterels (plural)
hatrel (alternative)
hatrell (alternative)
haterell (alternative)
haterelle (alternative)
hatreel (alternative)
naterelle (alternative)
natrelle (alternative)


mawe

mawes (plural)
mawen (plural)
maghe (alternative)
maugh (alternative)
maw (alternative)
maȝe (alternative)
maȝa (alternative)
mæȝe (alternative)
mæȝa (alternative)

English: maw

Scots: maw

From Old English maga, from Proto-West Germanic *magō, from Proto-Germanic *magô.

The stomach or guts of an organism; also when used as food.

One of the various organs of the belly; one's entrails; especially:


scheden

enm-verb

scheden (third-person singular simple present schedeth, present participle schedynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative schedde, past participle sched)

schedeth (present singular third-person)
schedynge (participle present)
schedde (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
sched (participle past)
scheden (infinitive)
to scheden (infinitive)
schede (infinitive)
schede (first-person present singular)
schedde (first-person past singular)
sched (first-person past singular)
schedest (present second-person singular)
scheddest (past second-person singular)
schede (past second-person singular)
sched (past second-person singular)
schedeth (present singular third-person)
schedde (past singular third-person)
sched (past singular third-person)
schede (present singular subjunctive)
schedde (past singular subjunctive)
schede (past singular subjunctive)
schede (imperative present singular)
scheden (plural present)
schede (plural present)
schedden (past plural)
schedde (past plural)
scheden (past plural)
schede (past plural)
schedeth (imperative plural present)
schede (imperative plural present)
schedynge (participle present)
schedende (participle present)
sched (participle past)
scheden (participle past)
schede (participle past)
ysched (participle past)
yscheden (participle past)
yschede (participle past)
sced (alternative)
schaden (alternative)
schedde (alternative)
schede (alternative)
scheed (alternative)
scheede (alternative)
schode (alternative)
shede (alternative)
shedyn (alternative)
sheede (alternative)
shode (alternative)
ssede (alternative)
shædenn (alternative)
scheaden (alternative)
sheaden (alternative)

English: shed

Scots: shed

Yola: shet (preterite)

From Old English scēadan, scādan, from Proto-West Germanic *skaiþan, from Proto-Germanic *skaiþaną, from Proto-Indo-European *skeyt-.

To break up; to divide into pieces:
To separate out; to scatter.


helthe

English: health

Scots: helth, halth

Inherited from Old English hǣlþ, from Proto-West Germanic *hailiþu, from Proto-Germanic *hailiþō (“wholeness; health”), equivalent to hole (“whole”) + -the (abstract nominal suffix).

af

elþ (alternative)
elþe (alternative)
healethe (alternative)
heleth (alternative)
helth (alternative)
helþe (alternative)
hilþe (alternative)
helte (alternative)


perre

From Anglo-Norman perree, pirrie (compare Old French pierrerie).

paree (alternative)
pery (alternative)
perree (alternative)
perreiȝe (alternative)
perrey (alternative)
perreye (alternative)
perrie (alternative)
perry (alternative)
perrye (alternative)
pirre (alternative)
pyrry (alternative)


folen

folen (infinitive)
to folen (infinitive)
fole (infinitive)
fole (first-person present singular)
foled (first-person past singular)
folest (present second-person singular)
foledest (past second-person singular)
foleth (present singular third-person)
foled (past singular third-person)
fole (present singular subjunctive)
foled (past singular subjunctive)
fole (imperative present singular)
folen (plural present)
fole (plural present)
foleden (past plural)
folede (past plural)
foleth (imperative plural present)
fole (imperative plural present)
folynge (participle present)
folende (participle present)
foled (participle past)
yfoled (participle past)
foolen (alternative)
fole (alternative)

English: foal

Scots: foal

From fole (“foal”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


berme

English: barm

Scots: barm, berme, barme, baurm

Yola: barrm

From Old English beorma, from Proto-West Germanic *bermō.

barme (alternative)
berm (alternative)
barm (alternative)
beorme (alternative)

The head of foam present in beer that is aging.

barm (froth used for fermented and leavened food)

(rare) The head of foam present in a glass of beer.


berme

Alternative form of barm (“belly, chest”)


swellen

swellen (infinitive)
to swellen (infinitive)
swelle (infinitive)
swelle (first-person present singular)
swal (first-person past singular)
swelled (first-person past singular)
swellest (present second-person singular)
swolle (past second-person singular)
swal (past second-person singular)
swelledest (past second-person singular)
swelleth (present singular third-person)
swal (past singular third-person)
swelled (past singular third-person)
swelle (present singular subjunctive)
swolle (past singular subjunctive)
swelled (past singular subjunctive)
swelle (imperative present singular)
swellen (plural present)
swelle (plural present)
swollen (past plural)
swolle (past plural)
swelleden (past plural)
swellede (past plural)
swelleth (imperative plural present)
swelle (imperative plural present)
swellynge (participle present)
swellende (participle present)
swollen (participle past)
swolle (participle past)
swelled (participle past)
yswolle (participle past)
swelle (alternative)
swell (alternative)
swallen (alternative)
swellyn (alternative)
swellin (alternative)

English: swell

Scots: swell, swall

From Old English swellan, from Proto-West Germanic *swellan, from Proto-Germanic *swellaną.

To swell; to grow or become bigger or stronger:

(medicine) To become swollen due to illness or injury.


oximel

English: oxymel

From Late Latin oxymel, oxymeli, from Ancient Greek ὀξύμελι (oxúmeli).

oxemell (alternative)
oxmell (alternative)


knytter

English: knitter

Knitter, a person who knits as an occupation.


purgen

purgen (infinitive)
to purgen (infinitive)
purge (infinitive)
purge (first-person present singular)
purged (first-person past singular)
purgest (present second-person singular)
purgedest (past second-person singular)
purgeth (present singular third-person)
purged (past singular third-person)
purge (present singular subjunctive)
purged (past singular subjunctive)
purge (imperative present singular)
purgen (plural present)
purge (plural present)
purgeden (past plural)
purgede (past plural)
purgeth (imperative plural present)
purge (imperative plural present)
purgynge (participle present)
purgende (participle present)
purged (participle past)
ypurged (participle past)
poorgyn (alternative)
porge (alternative)
porgyn (alternative)
pourge (alternative)
purge (alternative)
purgyn (alternative)

English: purge

Scots: purge

Borrowed from Old French purgier, from Latin pūrgō.

To cleanse or purify; to remove impurities:

(medicine) To purge or cleanse the body.


vynegre

desctree

English: vinegar
→ Japanese: ビネガー (binegā)
→ Welsh: finegr

Scots: veenegar

From Old French vinaigre; but sometimes interpreted as a compound of wyn + egre.

fynegre (alternative)
wyne-egre (alternative)
vyneger (alternative)
wynyger (alternative)
venegre (alternative)
vinegre (alternative)
wyneger (alternative)
vynagre (alternative)
vinagir (alternative)
vineger (alternative)

vinegar, especially that made from wine (often used in cooking, medicine and as a garnish).


degre

degres (plural)
degree (alternative)
degrece (alternative)
de-gre (alternative)
degrie (alternative)

English: degree

Scots: degree

Borrowed from Old French degré, degréz (hence the variant degrece); equivalent to de- + gre.

The state, quality, or status of something; something's current characteristics:

A distinguishing quantity; degree, amount, or extent:

(medicine) A degree of severity of medical conditions.


bragot

desc

English: bragget, bracket, brackett, bragawd, braggett, braggot, bragot

From Middle Welsh bragawd, bragaut, bragod.

bragett (alternative)
braget (alternative)
braket (alternative)
bragotte (alternative)
bragott (alternative)

bragget (beverage made of ale and honey)


chambre forene

chambres forene (plural)
chamber foreign (alternative)

In to a chambre forene þe gadelyng gan wende.

1297, Robert of Gloucester, Chronicle, page 310:

(euphemistic) A "room outdoors", an outhouse: an outbuilding used as a lavatory.


thost

thostis (plural)
þost (alternative)
þoste (alternative)
thoste (alternative)

English: thost

From Old English þost, from Proto-Germanic *þustaz.

fecal matter; dung or feces, especially that of animals


vexen

vexen (infinitive)
to vexen (infinitive)
vexe (infinitive)
vexe (first-person present singular)
vexed (first-person past singular)
vexest (present second-person singular)
vexedest (past second-person singular)
vexeth (present singular third-person)
vexed (past singular third-person)
vexe (present singular subjunctive)
vexed (past singular subjunctive)
vexe (imperative present singular)
vexen (plural present)
vexe (plural present)
vexeden (past plural)
vexede (past plural)
vexeth (imperative plural present)
vexe (imperative plural present)
vexynge (participle present)
vexende (participle present)
vexed (participle past)
yvexed (participle past)
vexe (alternative)
vex (alternative)
wexe (alternative)

English: vex

Scots: vex

From Old French vexer, from Latin vēxō, vēxāre.

(law) To bring legal action (against someone)


breden

breden (infinitive)
to breden (infinitive)
brede (infinitive)
brede (first-person present singular)
bredde (first-person past singular)
bradde (first-person past singular)
bredest (present second-person singular)
breddest (past second-person singular)
braddest (past second-person singular)
bredeth (present singular third-person)
bredde (past singular third-person)
bradde (past singular third-person)
brede (present singular subjunctive)
bredde (past singular subjunctive)
bradde (past singular subjunctive)
brede (imperative present singular)
breden (plural present)
brede (plural present)
bredden (past plural)
bredde (past plural)
bradden (past plural)
bradde (past plural)
bredeth (imperative plural present)
brede (imperative plural present)
bredynge (participle present)
bredende (participle present)
bred (participle past)
brad (participle past)
ybred (participle past)
ybrad (participle past)
bred (alternative)
brede (alternative)
bredyn (alternative)
breede (alternative)

English: breed

Scots: breed

From Old English brēdan, from Proto-West Germanic *brōdijan, from Proto-Germanic *brōdijaną; equivalent to brod (“brood”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

To create; to engender or produce:
To bear; to give birth.


sege

seges (plural)
segen (plural)
cege (alternative)
schege (alternative)
seege (alternative)
seegge (alternative)
segge (alternative)
segh (alternative)
seghe (alternative)
syege (alternative)

English: siege

Scots: siege

Borrowed from Old French sege, siege, from Vulgar Latin *sēdicum, from sēdēs.

A siege; an attack or assault on a walled city:

(by extension) A latrine or privy; a hole or container for disposing feces.


botnen

botnen (infinitive)
to botnen (infinitive)
botne (infinitive)
botne (first-person present singular)
botned (first-person past singular)
botnest (present second-person singular)
botnedest (past second-person singular)
botneth (present singular third-person)
botned (past singular third-person)
botne (present singular subjunctive)
botned (past singular subjunctive)
botne (imperative present singular)
botnen (plural present)
botne (plural present)
botneden (past plural)
botnede (past plural)
botneth (imperative plural present)
botne (imperative plural present)
botnynge (participle present)
botnende (participle present)
botned (participle past)
ybotned (participle past)
botenen (alternative)
botene (alternative)

From Old English *bōtnian; equivalent to bote (“help”) + -enen.

To cure or free from disease or sickness.

(rare) To be cured or freed from disease or sickness.


badde

head

badde (plural and weak singular badde, comparative badder, superlative baddest)

badde (plural)
badde (singular weak)
badder (comparative)
baddest (superlative)
bad (alternative)

English: bad

Scots: bad

Unknown. Conventionally compared to Old English bæddel. See English bad for more.

inferior or poor in quality; unattractive, distasteful; wretched, foul; decayed, rotten; debased, counterfeit

inadequate, unsatisfactory, worthless; inadequately provided, bad off


anoy

anoyes (plural)
annoy (alternative)
annoye (alternative)
annu (alternative)
anny (alternative)
anoie (alternative)
a-noye (alternative)
anoye (alternative)
anoyȝe (alternative)
anui (alternative)
anuy (alternative)
a-nuy (alternative)
a nuy (alternative)
anuye (alternative)
anuyȝe (alternative)
any (alternative)
anye (alternative)
a nye (alternative)
ennoy (alternative)
ennu (alternative)
ennui (alternative)
ennye (alternative)
onnuy (alternative)
onoy (alternative)

English: annoy

Borrowed from Old French anoi, enoi; compare anoyen and modern English ennui.


freten

enm-verb

freten (third-person singular simple present freteth, present participle fretynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative frat, past participle freten)

freteth (present singular third-person)
fretynge (participle present)
frat (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
freten (participle past)
freten (infinitive)
to freten (infinitive)
frete (infinitive)
frete (first-person present singular)
frat (first-person past singular)
fret (first-person past singular)
frette (first-person past singular)
freted (first-person past singular)
fretest (present second-person singular)
frete (past second-person singular)
frat (past second-person singular)
fret (past second-person singular)
frettest (past second-person singular)
fretedest (past second-person singular)
freteth (present singular third-person)
fret (present singular third-person)
frat (past singular third-person)
fret (past singular third-person)
frette (past singular third-person)
freted (past singular third-person)
frete (present singular subjunctive)
frete (past singular subjunctive)
frette (past singular subjunctive)
freted (past singular subjunctive)
frete (imperative present singular)
freten (plural present)
frete (plural present)
freten (past plural)
frete (past plural)
fretten (past plural)
frette (past plural)
freteden (past plural)
fretede (past plural)
freteth (imperative plural present)
frete (imperative plural present)
fretynge (participle present)
fretende (participle present)
freten (participle past)
yfreten (participle past)
frete (participle past)
yfrete (participle past)
fret (participle past)
yfret (participle past)
freted (participle past)
yfreted (participle past)
ffrete (alternative)
frete (alternative)
fretyn (alternative)
vreten (alternative)
freoten (alternative)

English: fret

Scots: frete, freet

Inherited from Old English fretan, from Proto-West Germanic *fraetan, from Proto-Germanic *fraetaną; equivalent to fret (“eating away”) + -en (infinitival suffix).
Some senses are possibly influenced by an Old French *freiter.

af

(figurative) To wear at; to annoy or injure.

To wear or abrade; to rub or chafe at:
To wear at; to annoy or injure.


sornesse

English: soreness

Scots: sairness

From Old English sārnes; equivalent to sore + -nesse.

sarenes (alternative)
soornes (alternative)
soornesse (alternative)
sorenes (alternative)
sornes (alternative)
sarnesse (alternative)
sarnysse (alternative)
særnesse (alternative)

Soreness, painfulness; the state of being sore.


impregnacioun

English: impregnation


purpel

English: purple

Scots: purpill, purple

From Old English purpel, purpul, from Latin purpura, from Ancient Greek πορφύρα (porphúra).

purple (alternative)
purpul(le) (alternative)
pourpul (alternative)
purpalle (alternative)
porpel (alternative)
purple (alternative)
purpul(le) (alternative)
porpil(le) (alternative)
porpul (alternative)
purpre (alternative)

(medicine, rare) A purple wound or sore.


schanke

schankes (plural)
schanken (plural)
sceonke (alternative)
schank (alternative)
schonke (alternative)
sconke (alternative)
shank (alternative)
shanke (alternative)
sschanke (alternative)

English: shank

Scots: schank, schanck

From Old English sċanca, from Proto-West Germanic *skankō, from Proto-Germanic *skankô.


bathen

enm-verb

bathen (third-person singular simple present batheth, present participle bathende, bathynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle bathed)

batheth (present singular third-person)
bathende (participle present)
bathynge (participle present)
bathed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
bathen (infinitive)
to bathen (infinitive)
bathe (infinitive)
bathe (first-person present singular)
bathed (first-person past singular)
bathest (present second-person singular)
bathedest (past second-person singular)
batheth (present singular third-person)
bathed (past singular third-person)
bathe (present singular subjunctive)
bathed (past singular subjunctive)
bathe (imperative present singular)
bathen (plural present)
bathe (plural present)
batheden (past plural)
bathede (past plural)
batheth (imperative plural present)
bathe (imperative plural present)
bathynge (participle present)
bathende (participle present)
bathed (participle past)
ybathed (participle past)
baathe (alternative)
bathe (alternative)
bathien (alternative)
baþen (alternative)
baþie (alternative)
baþiȝe (alternative)
baðien (alternative)
beaðien (alternative)

English: bathe

Scots: bathe, baith, bauthe

From Old English baþian, from Proto-West Germanic *baþōn, from Proto-Germanic *baþōną; equivalent to bath + -en (infinitival suffix). Compare bethen.

To bathe; to have a bath or immerse oneself in liquid:


flynt

flyntes (plural)
flent (alternative)
flint (alternative)
flinte (alternative)
flynte (alternative)
vlint (alternative)

English: flint

Scots: flint

→ Welsh: fflint

From Old English flint, from Proto-Germanic *flintaz.

Any of a group of (mostly igneous) solid stones, especially flint.


weyk

head

weyk (plural and weak singular weyke, comparative weyker, superlative weykest)

weyke (plural)
weyke (singular weak)
weyker (comparative)
weykest (superlative)
wayk (alternative)
weik (alternative)
waik (alternative)
weke (alternative)
weeke (alternative)
wayke (alternative)
waike (alternative)
weyke (alternative)
weike (alternative)

English: weak

Scots: waik, wake, wak (conflated with woke)

Borrowed from Old Norse veikr, from Proto-Germanic *waikwaz, from Proto-Indo-European *weyk- (“to bend, wind”); forms with /ɛː/ are borrowed from Old Norse dialects which underwent East Nordic monophongisation. Doublet of woke; akin to Old English wīcan (“to yield”).

der

weak (feeble; lacking bodily strength, might, or energy):

Weak or feeble due to illness, affliction or aging.


wikkednesse

wikkednesses (plural)
wickedenesse (alternative)
wickednes (alternative)
wickednesse (alternative)
wickidnesse (alternative)
wyckednesse (alternative)
wyckydnes (alternative)
wikcudnes (alternative)
wikednesse (alternative)
wikkednes (alternative)

English: wickedness


toborstennysse

(medicine) A cavity or break in tissue; a rupture, abscess.


toȝotenysse

(Early Middle English, medicine, rare) The seeping of fluid into a cavity; effusion.


toðundennysse

toðundennysses (plural)
toðundennisse (alternative)
toðundenysse (alternative)
toðundenisse (alternative)
toþundnysse (alternative)
toþundnisse (alternative)
toðundunnysse (alternative)
toðundunnisse (alternative)
toþunȝenysse (alternative)
toþunȝenisse (alternative)
toþunȝennysse (alternative)
toþunȝennisse (alternative)

(Early Middle English, medicine) A lump on the body, such as a swelling or tumor.


knyf

knyves (plural)
knyfes (plural)
knijf (alternative)
cnif (alternative)
knife (alternative)
knif (alternative)
knyffe (alternative)
knyȝf (alternative)
cnyffe (alternative)
knyve (alternative)
knyv (alternative)
chnief (alternative)
knefe (alternative)
knyfe (alternative)

English: knife

Sranan Tongo: nefi

Korean: 나이프 (naipeu)

Portuguese: naifa

Samoan: naifi

Japanese: ナイフ

Scots: knyfe, knife

Yola: kunnife

French: canif

From Old English cnīf, from Old Norse knífr, from Proto-Germanic *knībaz.

A knife as a tool or instrument; the following special senses exist:


forkerven

forkerven (infinitive)
to forkerven (infinitive)
forkerve (infinitive)
forkerve (first-person present singular)
forcarf (first-person past singular)
forkervest (present second-person singular)
forcurve (past second-person singular)
forcorve (past second-person singular)
forcarf (past second-person singular)
forkerveth (present singular third-person)
forcarf (past singular third-person)
forkerve (present singular subjunctive)
forcurve (past singular subjunctive)
forcorve (past singular subjunctive)
forkerve (imperative present singular)
forkerven (plural present)
forkerve (plural present)
forcurven (past plural)
forcurve (past plural)
forcorven (past plural)
forcorve (past plural)
forkerveth (imperative plural present)
forkerve (imperative plural present)
forkervynge (participle present)
forkervende (participle present)
forcorven (participle past)
forcorve (participle past)

English: forcarve

From Old English forċeorfan. Equivalent to for- + kerven.

(rare, medicine) To make soft, to disintegrate


cothe

cothis (plural)
coathe (alternative)
kothe (alternative)
coth (alternative)
quath (alternative)
coðe (alternative)

English: coath, cothe

From Old English coþu, from Proto-Germanic *kuþō.


barneschen

barneschen (infinitive)
to barneschen (infinitive)
barnesche (infinitive)
barnesche (first-person present singular)
barnesched (first-person past singular)
barneschest (present second-person singular)
barneschedest (past second-person singular)
barnescheth (present singular third-person)
barnesched (past singular third-person)
barnesche (present singular subjunctive)
barnesched (past singular subjunctive)
barnesche (imperative present singular)
barneschen (plural present)
barnesche (plural present)
barnescheden (past plural)
barneschede (past plural)
barnescheth (imperative plural present)
barnesche (imperative plural present)
barneschynge (participle present)
barneschende (participle present)
barnesched (participle past)
ybarnesched (participle past)
barnesche (alternative)
barnisch (alternative)
barnysshen (alternative)

Unknown; probably related to barn (“child”).

(Late Middle English, rare) To develop a visible pregnancy.


frogge

frogges (plural)
froggen (plural)
vrogge (alternative)
frugge (alternative)

desc

English: frog, frock (dialectal), frosk (dialectal), frosh (dialectal) (see there for further descendants)

Scots: frog, froig

→ Welsh: broga

From Old English frocga, from Proto-West Germanic *froggō.


fenygreke

English: fenugreek

From Old French fenigrec, from Latin foenum graecum.

fenegrek (alternative)
fenigrec (alternative)
fenigrece (alternative)
fenugreke (alternative)
femygrek (alternative)
femygreke (alternative)
feyngrek (alternative)
feyngreek (alternative)

Trigonella foenum-graecum
Trigonella foenum-graecum#Translingual


venym

venymes (plural)
fenim (alternative)
venem (alternative)
venim (alternative)
venom (alternative)
venyme (alternative)
wenim (alternative)

English: venom

Yola: vengem

A poison or venom, especially one from an animal.

(medicine) An infection or disease; a malignant presence in the body.


venym

venymest (superlative)
fenim (alternative)
venem (alternative)
venim (alternative)
venom (alternative)
venyme (alternative)
wenim (alternative)

English: venom (obsolete as an adjective)


venymen

enm-verb

venymen (third-person singular simple present venymeth, present participle venymende, venymynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle venymed)

venymeth (present singular third-person)
venymende (participle present)
venymynge (participle present)
venymed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
venymen (infinitive)
to venymen (infinitive)
venyme (infinitive)
venyme (first-person present singular)
venymed (first-person past singular)
venymest (present second-person singular)
venymedest (past second-person singular)
venymeth (present singular third-person)
venymed (past singular third-person)
venyme (present singular subjunctive)
venymed (past singular subjunctive)
venyme (imperative present singular)
venymen (plural present)
venyme (plural present)
venymeden (past plural)
venymede (past plural)
venymeth (imperative plural present)
venyme (imperative plural present)
venymynge (participle present)
venymende (participle present)
venymed (participle past)
yvenymed (participle past)
veneme (alternative)
venemen (alternative)
venemyn (alternative)
venum (alternative)
venym (alternative)
venyme (alternative)

English: venom (obsolete as a verb)

Borrowed from Old French venimer; equivalent to venym + -en (infinitival suffix).

To envenom; to use venom or poison to kill or injure.

To smear with venom or poison; to make poisonous.

To spread disease or malignancy; to bring ruin or discord.


venymous

English: venomous

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman and continental Old French venimos; by surface analysis, venym + -ous.

venemose (alternative)
venemous (alternative)
venemouse (alternative)
venimous (alternative)
venymes (alternative)
venymows (alternative)
wenymus (alternative)

Malignant, tumorous; bearing an infection or disease.


venymoushede

venymousheede (alternative)
venymousehede (alternative)

(medicine) An infection; a malign tumour.


venymouste

From Old French venimosete; by surface analysis, venymous + -te.

venemosite (alternative)
venemostee (alternative)
venemouste (alternative)
venemoustee (alternative)


envenymen

envenymen (third-person singular simple present envenymeth, present participle envenymende, envenymynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle envenymed)

envenymeth (present singular third-person)
envenymende (participle present)
envenymynge (participle present)
envenymed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
envenimen (infinitive)
to envenimen (infinitive)
envenime (infinitive)
envenime (first-person present singular)
envenimed (first-person past singular)
envenimest (present second-person singular)
envenimedest (past second-person singular)
envenimeth (present singular third-person)
envenimed (past singular third-person)
envenime (present singular subjunctive)
envenimed (past singular subjunctive)
envenime (imperative present singular)
envenimen (plural present)
envenime (plural present)
envenimeden (past plural)
envenimede (past plural)
envenimeth (imperative plural present)
envenime (imperative plural present)
envenimynge (participle present)
envenimende (participle present)
envenimed (participle past)
anvenymen (alternative)
envenimen (alternative)
envenomen (alternative)
envenommen (alternative)
envenyme (alternative)
invenymyn (alternative)

English: envenom

Borrowed from Old French envenimer; equivalent to en- + venym + -en (infinitival suffix).


wermode

q

< <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">wormwode</i>

English: wormwood (< wormwode)

< <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">wormet</i>

Scots: wormit (< wormet)

→ Irish: mormónta

→ Middle Welsh: wermot
Welsh: wermod

From Old English wermōd, wormōd, from Proto-West Germanic *warjamōdā. Some forms remodelled on the basis of worm + wode.

wermot (alternative)
warmot (alternative)
weremod (alternative)
wormode (alternative)
wormote (alternative)
wormet (alternative)
wrmod (alternative)
wurmode (alternative)
woormood (alternative)
wermod (alternative)
wormod (alternative)
wyrmwode (alternative)
wormwode (alternative)
wormewode (alternative)
wermwod (alternative)
wormwod (alternative)
wurmewod (alternative)

Artemisia absinthium
Artemisia absinthium#Translingual

wormwood (Artemisia absinthium or other related plants)

Something that induces bitterness or unlikeability.

And þe þꝛidde aungel trumpide .· ⁊ a greet ſterre bꝛennynge as a litil bꝛond felde fro heuene ⁊ it felde in to þe þꝛidde part of floodis .· ⁊ in to þe wellis of watris ⁊ þe name of þe ſterre is ſeid wermod ⁊ þe þꝛidde part of watris .· was maad in to wermod ⁊ manye men weren deed of þe watris .· for þo weren maad bittir

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Apocalips 8:10-11, page 120r, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

And the third angel blew his trumpet, then a great star burning like a little torch fell from heaven; it fell upon a third of [the world's] rivers and water sources. The name of the star is Wormwood, and a third of the [world's] water was turned into wormwood; many people died from that water because it'd been made bitter.

(biblical) Wormwood (object in the Book of Revelation)


tilyen

tilyen (infinitive)
to tilyen (infinitive)
tilye (infinitive)
tilye (first-person present singular)
tilyed (first-person past singular)
tilyest (present second-person singular)
tilyedest (past second-person singular)
tilyeth (present singular third-person)
tilyed (past singular third-person)
tilye (present singular subjunctive)
tilyed (past singular subjunctive)
tilye (imperative present singular)
tilyen (plural present)
tilye (plural present)
tilyeden (past plural)
tilyede (past plural)
tilyeth (imperative plural present)
tilye (imperative plural present)
tilyynge (participle present)
tilyende (participle present)
tilyed (participle past)
ytilyed (participle past)
tillen (alternative)
tyll (alternative)
tylle (alternative)
tilen (alternative)
tylen (alternative)
tyllen (alternative)
tilie (alternative)
tilye (alternative)
tillien (alternative)
tulye (alternative)
tylyyn (alternative)
tilien (alternative)
teolien (alternative)
tolien (alternative)
tulien (alternative)
telien (alternative)
tolen (alternative)

English: till

Scots: tele, teel, teil

From Old English tilian, from Proto-Germanic *tilōną. Compare toilen.

(rare) To rid of or eliminate disease or illness.


yeten

enm-verb

yeten (third-person singular simple present yeteth, present participle yetende, yetynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative yet, past participle yoten)

yeteth (present singular third-person)
yetende (participle present)
yetynge (participle present)
yet (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
yoten (participle past)
yeten (infinitive)
to yeten (infinitive)
yete (infinitive)
yete (first-person present singular)
yet (first-person past singular)
yeted (first-person past singular)
yetest (present second-person singular)
yote (past second-person singular)
yet (past second-person singular)
yetedest (past second-person singular)
yeteth (present singular third-person)
yet (past singular third-person)
yeted (past singular third-person)
yete (present singular subjunctive)
yote (past singular subjunctive)
yeted (past singular subjunctive)
yete (imperative present singular)
yeten (plural present)
yete (plural present)
yoten (past plural)
yote (past plural)
yeteden (past plural)
yetede (past plural)
yeteth (imperative plural present)
yete (imperative plural present)
yetynge (participle present)
yetende (participle present)
yoten (participle past)
yote (participle past)
yeted (participle past)
yyoten (participle past)
yyote (participle past)
yyeted (participle past)
geten (alternative)
yetten (alternative)
ȝeten (alternative)
ȝetten (alternative)
ȝeoten (alternative)
geoten (alternative)

English: yet, ewte (dialectal), yete (obsolete), yeet

Scots: ȝet, yet, yat

q

via past participle <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">yoten</i>

⇒ English: yote (via past participle yoten) (dialectal)

From Old English gēotan, from Proto-West Germanic *geutan.

(transitive, medicine) To emit fluid from the body.

(transitive, medicine) to administer medication by drop or injection.


ballok

ballokes (plural)
ballock (alternative)
balok (alternative)
balock (alternative)
balloq (alternative)
balloc (alternative)

English: ballock, bollock

Scots: ballok

From Old English bealluc; equivalent to ball + -ok.


whele

English: wheal

From Old English *hwele; related to Old English hwelian.

A boil or wheal; a malignant lump or wound.


whelyn

whelyn (infinitive)
to whelyn (infinitive)
whele (infinitive)
whele (first-person present singular)
wheled (first-person past singular)
whelest (present second-person singular)
wheledest (past second-person singular)
wheleth (present singular third-person)
wheled (past singular third-person)
whele (present singular subjunctive)
wheled (past singular subjunctive)
whele (imperative present singular)
whelen (plural present)
whele (plural present)
wheleden (past plural)
whelede (past plural)
wheleth (imperative plural present)
whele (imperative plural present)
whelynge (participle present)
whelende (participle present)
wheled (participle past)
ywheled (participle past)

English: wheal

From Old English hwelian; equivalent to whele (“boil”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

(medicine, rare) To become pustulous and swollen.

(medicine, rare) To become septic and infected.


harneys

harneys (plural)
harnas (alternative)
harnais (alternative)
harneis (alternative)
harnesse (alternative)
harneyse (alternative)
harnes (alternative)
harnysse (alternative)
hernays (alternative)
herneis (alternative)
herneys (alternative)

English: harness

Scots: harnish, herness

→ Middle Welsh: harnais

Welsh: harnais

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman harneis, from Old Norse *hernest. See Old French hernois.


walwort

English: wallwort, walwort, walewort (dated)

From Old English wealhwyrt, equivalent to wale (“outsider”) + wort (“plant”).

vealvyrt (alternative)
walwurt (alternative)
walewrt (alternative)
walewort (alternative)
waleworte (alternative)
wallwort (alternative)
wallewort (alternative)
walworte (alternative)
walwourt (alternative)
walworthe (alternative)

Sambucus ebulus
Sambucus ebulus#Translingual

danewort (The plant Sambucus ebulus, often used for medicinal purposes)


mousepese

English: mouse pea (Lathyrus pratensis)

mousepyse (alternative)
muspese (alternative)
mous pese (alternative)
mouse pese (alternative)
mousepose (alternative)

Lathyrus linifolius
Wikispecies:Lathyrus linifolius

bitter vetch; heath pea (Lathyrus linifolius)


mousere

English: mouse-ear

mouser (alternative)
musere (alternative)
mowsere (alternative)
moushere (alternative)
mushere (alternative)
mowseer (alternative)
mowse-er (alternative)
mouseer (alternative)
mouse ere (alternative)
mowsare (alternative)

Hieracium pilosella
Wikispecies:Hieracium pilosella


tothe

teth (plural)
ten (plural)
toth (alternative)
tooth (alternative)
toð (alternative)
toþ (alternative)
toþe (alternative)
tuth (alternative)
tuthe (alternative)
tooþ (alternative)
toeth (alternative)

English: tooth

Scots: tuth, tuith


toþen

toþen (infinitive)
to toþen (infinitive)
toþe (infinitive)
toþe (first-person present singular)
toþed (first-person past singular)
toþest (present second-person singular)
toþedest (past second-person singular)
toþeth (present singular third-person)
toþed (past singular third-person)
toþe (present singular subjunctive)
toþed (past singular subjunctive)
toþe (imperative present singular)
toþen (plural present)
toþe (plural present)
toþeden (past plural)
toþede (past plural)
toþeth (imperative plural present)
toþe (imperative plural present)
toþynge (participle present)
toþende (participle present)
toþed (participle past)
ytoþed (participle past)
tothen (alternative)
toothen (alternative)
tuthe (alternative)

English: tooth


tethen

tethen (infinitive)
to tethen (infinitive)
tethe (infinitive)
tethe (first-person present singular)
tethed (first-person past singular)
tethest (present second-person singular)
tethedest (past second-person singular)
tetheth (present singular third-person)
tethed (past singular third-person)
tethe (present singular subjunctive)
tethed (past singular subjunctive)
tethe (imperative present singular)
tethen (plural present)
tethe (plural present)
tetheden (past plural)
tethede (past plural)
tetheth (imperative plural present)
tethe (imperative plural present)
tethynge (participle present)
tethende (participle present)
tethed (participle past)
ytethed (participle past)

English: teethe

Scots: teethe


quenchen

enm-verb

quenchen (third-person singular simple present quencheth, present participle quenchende, quenchynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle quenched)

quencheth (present singular third-person)
quenchende (participle present)
quenchynge (participle present)
quenched (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
quenchen (infinitive)
to quenchen (infinitive)
quenche (infinitive)
quenche (first-person present singular)
quenched (first-person past singular)
quenchest (present second-person singular)
quenchedest (past second-person singular)
quencheth (present singular third-person)
quenched (past singular third-person)
quenche (present singular subjunctive)
quenched (past singular subjunctive)
quenche (imperative present singular)
quenchen (plural present)
quenche (plural present)
quencheden (past plural)
quenchede (past plural)
quencheth (imperative plural present)
quenche (imperative plural present)
quenchynge (participle present)
quenchende (participle present)
quenched (participle past)
yquenched (participle past)
cwenche (alternative)
kuenche (alternative)
quenche (alternative)
queynchen (alternative)
qwenchen (alternative)
quynchen (alternative)
cwennkenn (alternative)

English: quench

Scots: quench

Inherited from Old English cwenċan, from Proto-West Germanic *kwankijan, from Proto-Germanic *kwankijaną.

(medicine) To modify mercury to make it usable in recipes.


vendage

vyndages (plural)
vindage (alternative)
vyndache (alternative)
vyndage (alternative)
vyntage (alternative)

desctree

English: vintage
→ French: vintage
→ Polish: vintage
→ Spanish: vintage

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman vendenge (with the suffix modified after -age), from Latin vī̆ndēmia. Forms with /t/ are due to the influence of vin(i)ter.

vintage (the seasonal crop of a vineyard)


rubarbe

English: rhubarb

Scots: rhubarub

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman reubarbe, from Late Latin reubarbarum, probably from Koine Greek ῥῆον βάρβαρον (rhêon bárbaron).

der

ῥῆον βάρβαρον

reubarbe (alternative)
ruberbe (alternative)
rebarbe (alternative)
reubard (alternative)
rubarde (alternative)

A kind of plant belonging to the genus Rheum; rhubarb.


saturnous

From Saturne + -ous, from Latin Sāturnus.

Beth they war of metes that encresith sede..& suche metis ben..stronge, swete wyne & saturnous; and good wyne þat is myghty & swete, bothe whit & rede.


mynystren

enm-verb

mynystren (third-person singular simple present mynystreth, present participle mynystrende, mynystrynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle mynystred)

mynystreth (present singular third-person)
mynystrende (participle present)
mynystrynge (participle present)
mynystred (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
mynystren (infinitive)
to mynystren (infinitive)
mynystre (infinitive)
mynystre (first-person present singular)
mynystred (first-person past singular)
mynystrest (present second-person singular)
mynystredest (past second-person singular)
mynystreth (present singular third-person)
mynystred (past singular third-person)
mynystre (present singular subjunctive)
mynystred (past singular subjunctive)
mynystre (imperative present singular)
mynystren (plural present)
mynystre (plural present)
mynystreden (past plural)
mynystrede (past plural)
mynystreth (imperative plural present)
mynystre (imperative plural present)
mynystrynge (participle present)
mynystrende (participle present)
mynystred (participle past)
ymynystred (participle past)
minister (alternative)
ministere (alternative)
ministre (alternative)
mynystir (alternative)
mynystre (alternative)
mynystryn (alternative)
mynystyr (alternative)

English: minister

Scots: minister (obsolete)

Borrowed from Middle French ministrer, from Old French ministrer, from Latin ministrō; equivalent to ministre + -en (infinitival suffix).

(Christianity or medicine) To administer (a sacrament or medicine)

To give (out); to deliver:
To administer (a sacrament or medicine)


ministracioun

ministracions (plural)
ministracion (alternative)
mynistracion (alternative)
mynistracioun (alternative)
minstracioun (alternative)
mynystracyon (alternative)
mynystracyoun (alternative)

English: ministration

Scots: ministration (obsolete)

Borrowed from Middle French ministration, from Old French ministracïon, from Latin ministrātio; equivalent to ministre + -acioun.

bor+

Administration (especially of medicine or sacraments)


mynystrynge

English: ministering

Scots: ministring (obsolete)

ministrenge (alternative)
ministring (alternative)
minystrynge (alternative)
mynisterynge (alternative)
mynysteryng (alternative)
mynystryng (alternative)

(medicine, rare) The administration of medicine.


bleden

bleden (infinitive)
to bleden (infinitive)
blede (infinitive)
blede (first-person present singular)
bledde (first-person past singular)
bledest (present second-person singular)
bleddest (past second-person singular)
bledeth (present singular third-person)
bledde (past singular third-person)
blede (present singular subjunctive)
bledde (past singular subjunctive)
blede (imperative present singular)
bleden (plural present)
blede (plural present)
bledden (past plural)
bledde (past plural)
bledeth (imperative plural present)
blede (imperative plural present)
bledynge (participle present)
bledende (participle present)
bled (participle past)
ybled (participle past)
blede (alternative)
bleede (alternative)

English: bleed

Scots: blede, bleid

From Old English blēdan, from Proto-Germanic *blōþijaną.

To pass away (especially from blood loss caused by injury)


gyser

gysers (plural)
geser (alternative)
gysour (alternative)
gysowr (alternative)
gisser (alternative)

English: gizzard

Borrowed from Middle French gésier, guysier, from Old French gesier, from Latin gigēria.

(Late Middle English) A gizzard or liver; an organ for processing waste.


gyserne

gesserns (plural)
gesarn (alternative)
gessern (alternative)
geserne (alternative)
gisarne (alternative)
gyssarn (alternative)

English: gizzern

Scots: gizzern