word

English: word

Scots: wird, wourd

From Old English word, from Proto-West Germanic *word, from Proto-Germanic *wurdą, from Proto-Indo-European *werdʰh₁om. Doublet of verbe.

IN þe bigynnyng was þe woꝛd .· ⁊ þe woꝛd was at god / ⁊ god was þe woꝛd

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Joon 1:1, page 44r, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and God was the Word.


parlement

English: parliament, Parliament

Scots: parliament

desc

→ Old French: parlement (“legislative assembly, legislative body”) (semantic loan)

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman and continental Old French parlement; equivalent to parlen + -ment. Compare Medieval Latin parliamentum.


silence

English: silence

Scots: seelence

From Old French silence, from Latin silentium.

Refraining from excessive speaking or talking.


parable

English: parable

Scots: parable

Yola: parboles (plural)

From Old French parable, parabole, from Late Latin parabola, from Ancient Greek παραβολή (parabolḗ).

A oration or session of speaking, especially one full of invective; a diatribe or rant.


placebo

English: placebo

Borrowed from Latin placēbo, the first-person singular future active indicative of placeō.

Talk for buttering someone up, making them sycophantic or pleasing them.


wordy

English: wordy

From Old English wordiġ; equivalent to word + -y.


hate

English: hate

Scots: hate, hait, heit

Most likely a modification of earlier hete (from Old English hete) after haten, though compare Old Norse hatr.

Something that causes or induces hate; insults, demeaning words.


dialog

English: dialog, dialogue

Borrowed from Old French dialogue, from Latin dialogus, from Ancient Greek διάλογος (diálogos).

A literary discussion or a work written as one.


dumb

English: dumb

Scots: dumb

Lacking or failing to display the faculty of voice:

(substantive) A mute; one who can't speak.


murmur

English: murmur

From Old French murmure, from Latin murmur.


parlour

English: parlor, parlour

Scots: parlour

Borrowed from Old French parleor, parloir, parleoir, from Old French parler (“to speak”); equivalent to parlen + -our.

(rare) A room for discussion; a meeting room.


hos

From Old English hās, *hārs, from Proto-Germanic *haisaz, *haisraz.

(rare) The state of being hoarse or an example of it.


injurious

English: injurious

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman enjurius, from Latin iniūriōsus; equivalent to injurie + -ous.

(of speech) Rude, offensive, distasteful.


singen

singen (infinitive)
to singen (infinitive)
singe (infinitive)
singe (first-person present singular)
sang (first-person past singular)
singest (present second-person singular)
sunge (past second-person singular)
sange (past second-person singular)
sang (past second-person singular)
singeth (present singular third-person)
sang (past singular third-person)
singe (present singular subjunctive)
sunge (past singular subjunctive)
sange (past singular subjunctive)
singe (imperative present singular)
singen (plural present)
singe (plural present)
sungen (past plural)
sunge (past plural)
sangen (past plural)
sange (past plural)
singeth (imperative plural present)
singe (imperative plural present)
singynge (participle present)
singende (participle present)
sungen (participle past)
sunge (participle past)

English: sing

Scots: sing

Yola: zing

From Old English singan (“to sing”). Cognate with Middle Dutch singen, Middle High German singen, Old Swedish siunga, and Crimean Gothic singhen.

To talk, recite, or declare (especially in a particular way or manner):

To recite a non-sung prayer or religious commendation.

To perform the Eucharist (in a given way).

(rare) To recite non-sung verse or poetry.


muet

English: mute

Scots: mute

From Anglo-Norman muet; sometimes influenced by Latin mūtus.

(rare) Mute; unable to speak or incapable of speech.


sweren

sweren (infinitive)
to sweren (infinitive)
swere (infinitive)
swere (first-person present singular)
swor (first-person past singular)
swar (first-person past singular)
swerest (present second-person singular)
swore (past second-person singular)
sware (past second-person singular)
swor (past second-person singular)
swar (past second-person singular)
swereth (present singular third-person)
swor (past singular third-person)
swar (past singular third-person)
swere (present singular subjunctive)
swore (past singular subjunctive)
sware (past singular subjunctive)
swere (imperative present singular)
sweren (plural present)
swere (plural present)
sworen (past plural)
swore (past plural)
swaren (past plural)
sware (past plural)
swereth (imperative plural present)
swere (imperative plural present)
swerynge (participle present)
swerende (participle present)
sworen (participle past)
swore (participle past)
sworn (participle past)
ysworen (participle past)
yswore (participle past)
ysworn (participle past)

English: swear

Scots: swer, swere, sweir

From Old English swerian, from Proto-West Germanic *swarjan, from Proto-Germanic *swarjaną; a cognate of Middle Low German sweren, Old Swedish sværia, Old Danish swæriæ, Middle Dutch swēren, and Middle High German swern.

To swear to do something; to make an oral binding statement.

To swear while laying hands on something as confirmation.


byword

English: byword

From Old English bīword, modified from earlier bīwyrde, from Proto-West Germanic *bīwurdī; equivalent to by- + word.


fleten

fleten (infinitive)
to fleten (infinitive)
flete (infinitive)
flete (first-person present singular)
fleted (first-person past singular)
flette (first-person past singular)
flet (first-person past singular)
fletest (present second-person singular)
fletedest (past second-person singular)
flettest (past second-person singular)
flute (past second-person singular)
flet (past second-person singular)
fleteth (present singular third-person)
fleted (past singular third-person)
flette (past singular third-person)
flet (past singular third-person)
flete (present singular subjunctive)
fleted (past singular subjunctive)
flette (past singular subjunctive)
flute (past singular subjunctive)
flete (imperative present singular)
fleten (plural present)
flete (plural present)
fleteden (past plural)
fletede (past plural)
fletten (past plural)
flette (past plural)
fluten (past plural)
flute (past plural)
fleteth (imperative plural present)
flete (imperative plural present)
fletynge (participle present)
fletende (participle present)
fleted (participle past)
floten (participle past)

English: fleet

Scots: fleet

From Old English flēotan, from Proto-Germanic *fleutaną.

To go or change position; to experience movement:

To float; to stay buoyant on the surface of a liquid.

To move or propel oneself in or on the water; to swim.

(rare) To drag on the ground (used of clothing)


storie

enm-noun

storie (plural stories or (rare, Early ME) storien)

stories (plural)
storien (Early-Middle-English plural rare)

desctree

English: story
Sranan Tongo: tori
Aukan: toli
→ Dutch: tori
→ Welsh: stori
→ Persian: استوری (estori)
→ Portuguese: estória

Scots: story

Borrowed from Old French estorie, estoire, from Latin historia, from Ancient Greek ἱστορία (historía). Doublet of historie.

The spoken or textual recounting of historic events or happenings as a story.

The spoken or textual recounting of mythic or fictional events taken as real as a story.

(rare) Past happenings or occurrences (including mythic or purported events)


monen

monen (infinitive)
to monen (infinitive)
mone (infinitive)
mone (first-person present singular)
moned (first-person past singular)
monde (first-person past singular)
monest (present second-person singular)
monedest (past second-person singular)
mondest (past second-person singular)
moneth (present singular third-person)
moned (past singular third-person)
monde (past singular third-person)
mone (present singular subjunctive)
moned (past singular subjunctive)
monde (past singular subjunctive)
mone (imperative present singular)
monen (plural present)
mone (plural present)
moneden (past plural)
monede (past plural)
monden (past plural)
monde (past plural)
moneth (imperative plural present)
mone (imperative plural present)
monynge (participle present)
monende (participle present)
moned (participle past)

From Old English munan (preterite-present), from Proto-West Germanic *munan, from Proto-Germanic *munaną. Doublet of mone (“shall”).


quellen

enm-verb

quellen (third-person singular simple present quelleth, present participle quellende, quellynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle quelled)

quelleth (present singular third-person)
quellende (participle present)
quellynge (participle present)
quelled (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
quellen (infinitive)
to quellen (infinitive)
quelle (infinitive)
quelle (first-person present singular)
quelled (first-person past singular)
quelde (first-person past singular)
quellest (present second-person singular)
quelledest (past second-person singular)
queldest (past second-person singular)
quelleth (present singular third-person)
quelled (past singular third-person)
quelde (past singular third-person)
quelle (present singular subjunctive)
quelled (past singular subjunctive)
quelde (past singular subjunctive)
quelle (imperative present singular)
quellen (plural present)
quelle (plural present)
quelleden (past plural)
quellede (past plural)
quelden (past plural)
quelde (past plural)
quelleth (imperative plural present)
quelle (imperative plural present)
quellynge (participle present)
quellende (participle present)
quelled (participle past)
queld (participle past)
yquelled (participle past)
yqueld (participle past)

English: quell

Scots: quell, quel

From Old English cwellan, from Proto-West Germanic *kwalljan, from Proto-Germanic *kwaljaną.


berken

berken (third-person singular simple present berketh, present participle berkynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative bark, past participle borken)

berketh (present singular third-person)
berkynge (participle present)
bark (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
borken (participle past)
berken (infinitive)
to berken (infinitive)
berke (infinitive)
berke (first-person present singular)
bark (first-person past singular)
berked (first-person past singular)
berkest (present second-person singular)
borke (past second-person singular)
bark (past second-person singular)
berkedest (past second-person singular)
berketh (present singular third-person)
bark (past singular third-person)
berked (past singular third-person)
berke (present singular subjunctive)
borke (past singular subjunctive)
berked (past singular subjunctive)
berke (imperative present singular)
berken (plural present)
berke (plural present)
borken (past plural)
borke (past plural)
berkeden (past plural)
berkede (past plural)
berketh (imperative plural present)
berke (imperative plural present)
berkynge (participle present)
berkende (participle present)
borken (participle past)
borke (participle past)
berked (participle past)

English: bark

Scots: berk, bark

From Old English beorcan, from Proto-West Germanic *berkan (“to bark”).

To grumble or whine; to utter complaints or insults.


sware

English: sware (obsolete); swear (remodeled on the verb swear)

Scots: swear (remodeled on the verb sweir)

From Old English swaru, from Proto-Germanic *swarō.

A response to a query or questioning; an answer.


matere

English: matter

Scots: matter, maitter

From Anglo-Norman matere, from Latin māteria.

A pursuit, occurrence, condition, or event, especially when problematic:

A debate, argument, or contestation between two sides.


bourde

English: bourd (obsolete)

Scots: bourd

Borrowed from Old French bourde; further etymology is disputed. See bourde (“blunder”).

A diversion or amusing activity, especially humorous:

A funny or entertaining tale, narrative, or example.

(rare) An entertaining incident or event.


bourde

At Alyſaundre he was, when it was won / Full ofte tyme he had the bourde bigon / Abouen alle nacions in Pruce […]

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Prologues”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, “The Knyght”, column 2:

At Alexandria he was, when it was won / Quite often he had the board begun [sat at the head of the table] / Above all nations in Prussia […]


speken

speken (third-person singular simple present speketh, present participle spekynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative spak, past participle speken)

speketh (present singular third-person)
spekynge (participle present)
spak (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
speken (participle past)
speken (infinitive)
to speken (infinitive)
speke (infinitive)
speke (first-person present singular)
spak (first-person past singular)
spek (first-person past singular)
spekest (present second-person singular)
spext (present second-person singular)
speke (past second-person singular)
spake (past second-person singular)
spoke (past second-person singular)
spak (past second-person singular)
spek (past second-person singular)
speketh (present singular third-person)
spekth (present singular third-person)
spak (past singular third-person)
spek (past singular third-person)
speke (present singular subjunctive)
speke (past singular subjunctive)
spake (past singular subjunctive)
spoke (past singular subjunctive)
speke (imperative present singular)
speken (plural present)
speke (plural present)
speken (past plural)
speke (past plural)
spaken (past plural)
spake (past plural)
spoken (past plural)
spoke (past plural)
speketh (imperative plural present)
speke (imperative plural present)
spekynge (participle present)
spekende (participle present)
speken (participle past)
yspeken (participle past)
speke (participle past)
yspeke (participle past)
spoken (participle past)
yspoken (participle past)
spoke (participle past)
yspoke (participle past)

English: speak

Scots: speke, speik

From Old English specan, from earlier sprecan, from Proto-West Germanic *sprekan, from Proto-Germanic *sprekaną.

The title of the hundrid and eiȝtthe ſalm. To victorye, the ſalm of Dauid. / God, holde thou not ſtille my preiſyng; for the mouth of the ſynner, and the mouth of the gileful man is openyd on me. / Thei ſpaken ayens me with a gileful tunge, and thei cumpassiden me with wordis of hatrede; and fouȝten ayens me with out cauſe.

a. 1382, John Wycliffe, “Psalms 108:1-3”, in Wycliffe's Bible:

The title of the one hundred and eighth psalm: "To Victory; the Psalm of David" / God; don't hold still my praising, as the mouths of the sinners and the mouths of the guilty have opened against me. / They spoke against me with a guilty tongue, they acted against me with words of hatred, and they fought against me without justification.

14ᵗʰ Century, Chaucer, General Prologue
And whan that he wel dronken hadde the wyn,
Than wolde he speke no word but Latyn.
And when he had drunk all the wine
He would not speak a word other than Latin


quethen

quethen (third-person singular simple present quetheth, present participle quethynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative quath, past participle quethen)

quetheth (present singular third-person)
quethynge (participle present)
quath (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
quethen (participle past)
quethen (infinitive)
to quethen (infinitive)
quethe (infinitive)
quethe (first-person present singular)
quath (first-person past singular)
quoth (first-person past singular)
quethest (present second-person singular)
quede (past second-person singular)
quode (past second-person singular)
quath (past second-person singular)
quoth (past second-person singular)
quetheth (present singular third-person)
quath (past singular third-person)
quoth (past singular third-person)
quethe (present singular subjunctive)
quede (past singular subjunctive)
quode (past singular subjunctive)
quethe (imperative present singular)
quethen (plural present)
quethe (plural present)
queden (past plural)
quede (past plural)
quoden (past plural)
quode (past plural)
quetheth (imperative plural present)
quethe (imperative plural present)
quethynge (participle present)
quethende (participle present)
queden (participle past)
quede (participle past)
quethe (participle past)
yqueden (participle past)
yquede (participle past)
yquethe (participle past)

English: quethe (obsolete except in past tense quoth)

Scots: quethe (noun)

Yola: co, quo

From Old English cweþan, from Proto-West Germanic *kweþan, from Proto-Germanic *kweþaną; a cognate of Middle Low German queden, Middle Dutch quēden, Middle High German quëden, and Old Swedish kvæþa.

To bequeath; to hand down to one's successors by will.


voys

English: voice

Scots: voice, vice, vyce

Yola: vice

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman voiz, voys, veys, from Latin vōx, from Proto-Indo-European *wṓkʷs.

A sentence (especially a maxim or byword)

An utterance; the use of one's voice:
A prayer (entreaty to a deity).


parlen

parlen (infinitive)
to parlen (infinitive)
parle (infinitive)
parle (first-person present singular)
parled (first-person past singular)
parlest (present second-person singular)
parledest (past second-person singular)
parleth (present singular third-person)
parled (past singular third-person)
parle (present singular subjunctive)
parled (past singular subjunctive)
parle (imperative present singular)
parlen (plural present)
parle (plural present)
parleden (past plural)
parlede (past plural)
parleth (imperative plural present)
parle (imperative plural present)
parlynge (participle present)
parlende (participle present)
parled (participle past)
yparled (participle past)

English: parle

Borrowed from Middle French parler, from Old French parler, from Latin parabolō, parabolāre; compare parable.

(Late Middle English) To talk or discuss.


pipen

pipen (infinitive)
to pipen (infinitive)
pipe (infinitive)
pipe (first-person present singular)
piped (first-person past singular)
pipest (present second-person singular)
pipedest (past second-person singular)
pipeth (present singular third-person)
piped (past singular third-person)
pipe (present singular subjunctive)
piped (past singular subjunctive)
pipe (imperative present singular)
pipen (plural present)
pipe (plural present)
pipeden (past plural)
pipede (past plural)
pipeth (imperative plural present)
pipe (imperative plural present)
pipynge (participle present)
pipende (participle present)
piped (participle past)
ypiped (participle past)

English: pipe

Scots: pipe

Inherited from Old English pīpian, from Proto-West Germanic *pīpan, from Proto-Germanic *pīpaną; equivalent to pipe + -en (infinitival suffix).

To use a pipe or similar musical instrument; to play music.

To make high-pitched noises or sound like a small animal.

To squeal; to talk with a high pitch or like a small animal.


drem

English: dream

Scots: dreme

From Old English drēam, from Proto-West Germanic *draum, from Proto-Germanic *draumaz. Some senses are probably a semantic loan from Old Norse draumr, displacing sweven (from Old English swefn).


clappe

English: clap

Scots: clap

A loud sound or commotion, especially consisting of speech.


dumben

dumben (infinitive)
to dumben (infinitive)
dumbe (infinitive)
dumbe (first-person present singular)
dumbed (first-person past singular)
dumbest (present second-person singular)
dumbedest (past second-person singular)
dumbeth (present singular third-person)
dumbed (past singular third-person)
dumbe (present singular subjunctive)
dumbed (past singular subjunctive)
dumbe (imperative present singular)
dumben (plural present)
dumbe (plural present)
dumbeden (past plural)
dumbede (past plural)
dumbeth (imperative plural present)
dumbe (imperative plural present)
dumbynge (participle present)
dumbende (participle present)
dumbed (participle past)
ydumbed (participle past)

English: dumb

From Old English *dumbian, from Proto-West Germanic *dumbōn, from Proto-Germanic *dumbōną, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“to whisk, smoke, darken, obscure”).


schour

English: shower

Scots: shour, shouer, shoor, shooer

Inherited from Old English sċūr, from Proto-West Germanic *skūru, from Proto-Germanic *skūrō.

(poetic, rare) A profusion of blessings.


eccho

English: echo

Scots: echo

Borrowed from Medieval Latin ecco, from Latin echo, from Ancient Greek ἠχώ (ēkhṓ), from ἠχή (ēkhḗ, “sound”).

A favourable response made to flatter someone.


resistence

English: resistance, resistence

Scots: resistance

From Old French resistence, from Latin resistentia; equivalent to resisten + -ence.

(rare) Hardness, rigidity; the state of being firm or non-flexible.


blowen

blowen (infinitive)
to blowen (infinitive)
blowe (infinitive)
blowe (first-person present singular)
blew (first-person past singular)
blowest (present second-person singular)
blewe (past second-person singular)
blew (past second-person singular)
bloweth (present singular third-person)
blew (past singular third-person)
blowe (present singular subjunctive)
blewe (past singular subjunctive)
blowe (imperative present singular)
blowen (plural present)
blowe (plural present)
blewen (past plural)
blewe (past plural)
bloweth (imperative plural present)
blowe (imperative plural present)
blowynge (participle present)
blowende (participle present)
blowen (participle past)
blowe (participle past)
yblowen (participle past)
yblowe (participle past)

English: blow

Geordie English: blaw

Scots: blaw

Yola: blay

Inherited from Old English blāwan, from Proto-West Germanic *blāan, from Proto-Germanic *blēaną.

To blow away; to blow to eliminate or remove.


answere

English: answer

Scots: answer, answere

From Old English andswaru, from Proto-West Germanic *andaswaru, from Proto-Germanic *andaswarō; equivalent to and- + sware. The second-syllable vocalism is presumably from the verb answeren; for the pronunciation with /au̯/, see Caunterbury.

A response to a query or questioning; an answering.

The answer for a problem or challenge; a solving.

A decision or response coming from a deity or divinity.

A legal defence or the privilege of being able to mount one.

(rare) A reply to a point; a counterpoint or countering.


clappen

clappen (infinitive)
to clappen (infinitive)
clappe (infinitive)
clappe (first-person present singular)
clapped (first-person past singular)
clappest (present second-person singular)
clappedest (past second-person singular)
clappeth (present singular third-person)
clapped (past singular third-person)
clappe (present singular subjunctive)
clapped (past singular subjunctive)
clappe (imperative present singular)
clappen (plural present)
clappe (plural present)
clappeden (past plural)
clappede (past plural)
clappeth (imperative plural present)
clappe (imperative plural present)
clappynge (participle present)
clappende (participle present)
clapped (participle past)

English: clap

Scots: clap

Yola: clappu

From Old English clæppan, from Proto-West Germanic *klappōn (with a change in verb class).

To make a loud noise, especially by talking or striking.

To pound or slap; to make a beating or stroke.

(rare) To make a specific utterance loudly.


folye

English: folly

Scots: folly

From Old French folie; equivalent to fole (“fool”) + -ie.

Folly, idiocy, stupidness; stupid behaviour.

Sinning, iniquitousness, perfidy, unlawfulness.


speche

English: speech

Scots: spech, spek

From Old English spǣċ, a form of sprǣċ, from Proto-West Germanic *sprāku. Some forms are influenced by the verb speken.

Ȝe knowe ek that in fourme of ſpeche is chaunge / With-inne a thousand ȝeer, and wordes tho /That hadden pris now wonder nyce and ſtraunge /Us thenketh hem, and ȝet thei ſpake hem so / And ſpedde as wel in loue as men now do / Ek forto wynnen loue in ſondry ages / In ſondry londes, ſondry ben vſages […]

a. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “Book II”, in Troilus and Criseyde, lines 22–28:

You also know that the form of language is in flux; / within a thousand years, words / that had currency; really weird and bizarre / they seem to us now, but they still spoke them / and accomplished as much in love as men do now. / As for winning love across ages and / across nations, there are lots of usages […]


wikkednesse

English: wickedness


jargoun

English: jargon


serche

English: search

Scots: sairch

Yola: surchte

Borrowed from Old French cerche (“search”), from cerchier (“to search”); compare serchen.

bor+

The privilege to investigate crime (usually violations of guild code)

A supervisor of a convent (monastery for women).

(rare, Late Middle English) An inspection or inquest of goods or products.


blowere

English: blower

Scots: blawer

From Old English blāwere; equivalent to blowen (“to blow”) + -er.


rerd

English: reard

Scots: reird, rerde, rerd

From Old English reord, from Proto-Germanic *razdō.

A sound of talking; heard speech; a voice.


berkyng

English: barking


assailen

assailen (infinitive)
to assailen (infinitive)
assaile (infinitive)
assaile (first-person present singular)
assailed (first-person past singular)
assailest (present second-person singular)
assailedest (past second-person singular)
assaileth (present singular third-person)
assailed (past singular third-person)
assaile (present singular subjunctive)
assailed (past singular subjunctive)
assaile (imperative present singular)
assailen (plural present)
assaile (plural present)
assaileden (past plural)
assailede (past plural)
assaileth (imperative plural present)
assaile (imperative plural present)
assailynge (participle present)
assailende (participle present)
assailed (participle past)
yassailed (participle past)

English: assail

Scots: assail, assailzie

From Old French assaillir, assalir, from Late Latin assalīre; equivalent to assaile + -en (infinitival suffix).

To insult; to launch into a tirade or rant against.


merveile

Borrowed from Old French merveille, from Latin mirabilia.

(rare) Supernatural; put into effect by divine or godly forces.


venquysshen

venquysshen (infinitive)
to venquysshen (infinitive)
venquysshe (infinitive)
venquysshe (first-person present singular)
venquysshed (first-person past singular)
venquysshest (present second-person singular)
venquysshedest (past second-person singular)
venquyssheth (present singular third-person)
venquysshed (past singular third-person)
venquysshe (present singular subjunctive)
venquysshed (past singular subjunctive)
venquysshe (imperative present singular)
venquysshen (plural present)
venquysshe (plural present)
venquyssheden (past plural)
venquysshede (past plural)
venquyssheth (imperative plural present)
venquysshe (imperative plural present)
venquysshynge (participle present)
venquysshende (participle present)
venquysshed (participle past)
yvenquysshed (participle past)

English: vanquish

Scots: vanquish, vencus

Borrowed from venquiss-, a conjugated form of Old French veincre, from Latin vinco, from Proto-Italic *winkō.

To triumph over evil or malign forces; to achieve a moral victory.


oyle

English: oil

Scots: ile, uilie, ulie

From Anglo-Norman olie and Old French oile, from Latin oleum, from Ancient Greek ἔλαιον (élaion). Compare olyve.

Convincing or favourable words (compare Modern English butter up)


gnawen

enm-verb

gnawen (third-person singular simple present gnaweth, present participle gnawynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative gnew, past participle gnowen)

gnaweth (present singular third-person)
gnawynge (participle present)
gnew (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
gnowen (participle past)
gnawen (infinitive)
to gnawen (infinitive)
gnawe (infinitive)
gnawe (first-person present singular)
gnow (first-person past singular)
gnogh (first-person past singular)
gnew (first-person past singular)
gnawest (present second-person singular)
gnowe (past second-person singular)
gnewe (past second-person singular)
gnow (past second-person singular)
gnogh (past second-person singular)
gnew (past second-person singular)
gnaweth (present singular third-person)
gnow (past singular third-person)
gnogh (past singular third-person)
gnew (past singular third-person)
gnawe (present singular subjunctive)
gnowe (past singular subjunctive)
gnewe (past singular subjunctive)
gnawe (imperative present singular)
gnawen (plural present)
gnawe (plural present)
gnowen (past plural)
gnowe (past plural)
gnewen (past plural)
gnewe (past plural)
gnaweth (imperative plural present)
gnawe (imperative plural present)
gnawynge (participle present)
gnawende (participle present)
gnawen (participle past)
gnawe (participle past)
ygnawe (participle past)

English: gnaw, knaw

Scots: gnaw, knaw

Yola: gnafeen (ppl.) (<gnaȝen)

From Old English gnagan, from Proto-West Germanic *gnagan, Proto-Germanic *gnaganą.


couplen

couplen (infinitive)
to couplen (infinitive)
couple (infinitive)
couple (first-person present singular)
coupled (first-person past singular)
couplest (present second-person singular)
coupledest (past second-person singular)
coupleth (present singular third-person)
coupled (past singular third-person)
couple (present singular subjunctive)
coupled (past singular subjunctive)
couple (imperative present singular)
couplen (plural present)
couple (plural present)
coupleden (past plural)
couplede (past plural)
coupleth (imperative plural present)
couple (imperative plural present)
couplynge (participle present)
couplende (participle present)
coupled (participle past)
ycoupled (participle past)

English: couple

Scots: cowpill (obsolete)

From Old French coupler, from Latin cōpulō; equivalent to couple + -en (infinitival suffix).

To marry or wed; to join in a matrimonial union.


sermoun

English: sermon, sarmon (dialectal)

Scots: sermon

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman sermun, from Latin sermō, sermōnem.

(rare) A language; a form of speech used by a speech community.


sermonynge

English: sermoning (obsolete)

Than seyde he thus to Palamon ful right;

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Knight's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 3090-3092

To make yow assente to this thing.’
Then said he thus to Palamon the knight;
‘I suppose little preaching is needed here
To make you assent to this thing.’

Talking or speaking, especially with conviction and surety.


sermonen

sermonen (infinitive)
to sermonen (infinitive)
sermone (infinitive)
sermone (first-person present singular)
sermoned (first-person past singular)
sermonest (present second-person singular)
sermonedest (past second-person singular)
sermoneth (present singular third-person)
sermoned (past singular third-person)
sermone (present singular subjunctive)
sermoned (past singular subjunctive)
sermone (imperative present singular)
sermonen (plural present)
sermone (plural present)
sermoneden (past plural)
sermonede (past plural)
sermoneth (imperative plural present)
sermone (imperative plural present)
sermonynge (participle present)
sermonende (participle present)
sermoned (participle past)
ysermoned (participle past)

English: sermon (obsolete)

Borrowed from Old French sermoner (modern French sermonner); equivalent to sermon + -en (infinitival suffix).

To converse or say; to engage in conversation.


forsweren

forsweren (infinitive)
to forsweren (infinitive)
forswere (infinitive)
forswere (first-person present singular)
forswor (first-person past singular)
forswar (first-person past singular)
forswerest (present second-person singular)
forswore (past second-person singular)
forsware (past second-person singular)
forswor (past second-person singular)
forswar (past second-person singular)
forswereth (present singular third-person)
forswor (past singular third-person)
forswar (past singular third-person)
forswere (present singular subjunctive)
forswore (past singular subjunctive)
forsware (past singular subjunctive)
forswere (imperative present singular)
forsweren (plural present)
forswere (plural present)
forsworen (past plural)
forswore (past plural)
forswaren (past plural)
forsware (past plural)
forswereth (imperative plural present)
forswere (imperative plural present)
forswerynge (participle present)
forswerende (participle present)
forsworen (participle past)
forswore (participle past)
forsworn (participle past)

English: forswear

From Old English forswerian; equivalent to for- + sweren.

To be exiled from a realm or nation; to be banished.

To deny, reject, or cast off a belief previously held.

(rare, Christianity) To make an oath against God.


answeren

answeren (third-person singular simple present answereth, present participle answerende, answerynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle answered)

answereth (present singular third-person)
answerende (participle present)
answerynge (participle present)
answered (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
answeren (infinitive)
to answeren (infinitive)
answere (infinitive)
answere (first-person present singular)
answered (first-person past singular)
answerde (first-person past singular)
answerest (present second-person singular)
answeredest (past second-person singular)
answerdest (past second-person singular)
answereth (present singular third-person)
answered (past singular third-person)
answerde (past singular third-person)
answere (present singular subjunctive)
answered (past singular subjunctive)
answerde (past singular subjunctive)
answere (imperative present singular)
answeren (plural present)
answere (plural present)
answereden (past plural)
answerede (past plural)
answerden (past plural)
answerde (past plural)
answereth (imperative plural present)
answere (imperative plural present)
answerynge (participle present)
answerende (participle present)
answered (participle past)
answerd (participle past)
yanswered (participle past)
yanswerd (participle past)

English: answer

Scots: answer

From Old English andswerian (from Proto-Germanic *andaswarjaną) and Old English andswarian (from Proto-Germanic *andaswarōną); equivalent to and- + swaren or answere + -en (infinitival suffix).

To answer or respond; to offer a response:

(religion) To explain oneself at the Last Judgement.


mysansweren

misansweren (infinitive)
to misansweren (infinitive)
misanswere (infinitive)
misanswere (first-person present singular)
misanswered (first-person past singular)
misanswerest (present second-person singular)
misansweredest (past second-person singular)
misanswereth (present singular third-person)
misanswered (past singular third-person)
misanswere (present singular subjunctive)
misanswered (past singular subjunctive)
misanswere (imperative present singular)
misansweren (plural present)
misanswere (plural present)
misanswereden (past plural)
misanswerede (past plural)
misanswereth (imperative plural present)
misanswere (imperative plural present)
misanswerynge (participle present)
misanswerende (participle present)
misanswered (participle past)
ymisanswered (participle past)

English: misanswer

To answer in a contemptuous or insulting way.


answerynge

English: answering


swaren

swaren (infinitive)
to swaren (infinitive)
sware (infinitive)
sware (first-person present singular)
swared (first-person past singular)
swarest (present second-person singular)
swaredest (past second-person singular)
swareth (present singular third-person)
swared (past singular third-person)
sware (present singular subjunctive)
swared (past singular subjunctive)
sware (imperative present singular)
swaren (plural present)
sware (plural present)
swareden (past plural)
swarede (past plural)
swareth (imperative plural present)
sware (imperative plural present)
swarynge (participle present)
swarende (participle present)
swared (participle past)
yswared (participle past)

Inherited from Old English *swarian, from Proto-Germanic *swarōną; equivalent to sware + -en (infinitival suffix).

To answer or respond; to offer a response.


trumpen

trumpen (infinitive)
to trumpen (infinitive)
trumpe (infinitive)
trumpe (first-person present singular)
trumped (first-person past singular)
trumpest (present second-person singular)
trumpedest (past second-person singular)
trumpeth (present singular third-person)
trumped (past singular third-person)
trumpe (present singular subjunctive)
trumped (past singular subjunctive)
trumpe (imperative present singular)
trumpen (plural present)
trumpe (plural present)
trumpeden (past plural)
trumpede (past plural)
trumpeth (imperative plural present)
trumpe (imperative plural present)
trumpynge (participle present)
trumpende (participle present)
trumped (participle past)
ytrumped (participle past)

English: trump

From Old French trumper; equivalent to trumpe + -en (infinitival suffix).


gronen

gronen (infinitive)
to gronen (infinitive)
grone (infinitive)
grone (first-person present singular)
groned (first-person past singular)
gronest (present second-person singular)
gronedest (past second-person singular)
groneth (present singular third-person)
groned (past singular third-person)
grone (present singular subjunctive)
groned (past singular subjunctive)
grone (imperative present singular)
gronen (plural present)
grone (plural present)
groneden (past plural)
gronede (past plural)
groneth (imperative plural present)
grone (imperative plural present)
gronynge (participle present)
gronende (participle present)
groned (participle past)
ygroned (participle past)

English: groan

Scots: grane, grain

Inherited from Old English grānian, from Proto-West Germanic *grainōn, from Proto-Germanic *grainōną, a derivative of *grīnaną (which didn't leave any descendants in Middle English).

gloss

To mumble, especially to protest (compare modern English moan in semantics).


groynen

groynen (infinitive)
to groynen (infinitive)
groyne (infinitive)
groyne (first-person present singular)
groyned (first-person past singular)
groynest (present second-person singular)
groynedest (past second-person singular)
groyneth (present singular third-person)
groyned (past singular third-person)
groyne (present singular subjunctive)
groyned (past singular subjunctive)
groyne (imperative present singular)
groynen (plural present)
groyne (plural present)
groyneden (past plural)
groynede (past plural)
groyneth (imperative plural present)
groyne (imperative plural present)
groynynge (participle present)
groynende (participle present)
groyned (participle past)
ygroyned (participle past)

English: groin

Scots: groin

From a mixture of Old French groignier, grougnier (from Latin grunniō) and Old English grunnian (from Proto-Germanic *grunnōną). Equivalent to groyn + -en (infinitival suffix).

To mumble, growl or babble (often in complaint).


voysen

voysen (infinitive)
to voysen (infinitive)
voyse (infinitive)
voyse (first-person present singular)
voysed (first-person past singular)
voysest (present second-person singular)
voysedest (past second-person singular)
voyseth (present singular third-person)
voysed (past singular third-person)
voyse (present singular subjunctive)
voysed (past singular subjunctive)
voyse (imperative present singular)
voysen (plural present)
voyse (plural present)
voyseden (past plural)
voysede (past plural)
voyseth (imperative plural present)
voyse (imperative plural present)
voysynge (participle present)
voysende (participle present)
voysed (participle past)
yvoysed (participle past)

English: voice

To be generally claimed or held to be or have (a specific quality).


hosely

English: hoarsely

Scots: hairsely


hosnesse

English: hoarseness

From Old English hāsnes; equivalent to hos + -nesse.


dombenesse

English: dumbness

From Old English dumbnes; equivalent to dumb + -nesse.

Silence; not speaking in a given situation.


questioun

English: question

Scots: quaisten, quastin

→ Welsh: cwestiwn

From Anglo-Norman questiun, from Latin quaestiōnem, accusative of quaestiō; equivalent to quest + -ioun.

A legal action or move or the claims made in such a move.


recomaunden

enm-verb

recomaunden (third-person singular simple present recomaundeth, present participle recomaundende, recomaundynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle recomaunded)

recomaundeth (present singular third-person)
recomaundende (participle present)
recomaundynge (participle present)
recomaunded (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
recomaunden (infinitive)
to recomaunden (infinitive)
recomaunde (infinitive)
recomaunde (first-person present singular)
recomaunded (first-person past singular)
recomaundest (present second-person singular)
recomaundedest (past second-person singular)
recomaundeth (present singular third-person)
recomaunded (past singular third-person)
recomaunde (present singular subjunctive)
recomaunded (past singular subjunctive)
recomaunde (imperative present singular)
recomaunden (plural present)
recomaunde (plural present)
recomaundeden (past plural)
recomaundede (past plural)
recomaundeth (imperative plural present)
recomaunde (imperative plural present)
recomaundynge (participle present)
recomaundende (participle present)
recomaunded (participle past)
yrecomaunded (participle past)

From Old French recomander; equivalent to re- + comaunden and a doublet of recommenden.

To mention to another (positively); to recommend.


mysword

English: misword


wacche word

English: watchword


blasfemye

English: blasphemy

From Old French blasfemie, blasfeme, from Ecclesiastical Latin blasphēmia, from Ancient Greek βλασφημία (blasphēmía); equivalent to blasfemen + -ie.


pater noster

enm-noun

pater noster (plural pater nosters or pater noster)

pater nosters (plural)
pater noster (plural)

English: paternoster

From Old English Paternoster, from Latin Pater noster.


bryngen

enm-verb

bryngen (third-person singular simple present bryngeth, present participle bryngynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative broghte, past participle broght)

bryngeth (present singular third-person)
bryngynge (participle present)
broghte (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
broght (participle past)
bryngen (infinitive)
to bryngen (infinitive)
brynge (infinitive)
brynge (first-person present singular)
broghte (first-person past singular)
bryngest (present second-person singular)
broghtest (past second-person singular)
bryngeth (present singular third-person)
broghte (past singular third-person)
brynge (present singular subjunctive)
broghte (past singular subjunctive)
brynge (imperative present singular)
bryngen (plural present)
brynge (plural present)
broghten (past plural)
broghte (past plural)
bryngeth (imperative plural present)
brynge (imperative plural present)
bryngynge (participle present)
bryngende (participle present)
broght (participle past)
ybroght (participle past)

English: bring

Scots: bring

Yola: ee-brougkt (ppl)

Inherited from Old English bringan, from Proto-West Germanic *bringan, from Proto-Germanic *bringaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrenk-.

to bring about; to create; to occasion:
(rare) to cause (to do); to induce

to bring about; to create; to occasion:
to cause (to do); to induce


wlispen

wlispen (infinitive)
to wlispen (infinitive)
wlispe (first-person present singular)
wlisped (first-person past singular)
wlispest (present second-person singular)
wlispedest (past second-person singular)
wlispeth (present singular third-person)
wlisped (past singular third-person)
wlispe (present singular subjunctive)
wlisped (past singular subjunctive)
wlispe (imperative present singular)
wlispen (plural present)
wlispe (plural present)
wlispeden (past plural)
wlispede (past plural)
wlispeth (imperative plural present)
wlispe (imperative plural present)
wlispynge (participle present)
wlispende (participle present)
wlisped (participle past)

English: lisp

q

obsolete <i class="Latn mention" lang="sco">wlisp</i>

Scots: lisp (obsolete wlisp)


smethe

Inherited from Old English smēþe, from Proto-West Germanic *smanþī; compare smothe.

(rare) Smoothness; the state of being smooth.


assailynge

(rare) Assailing, striking; entering into combat.