diademe

English: diadem

From Old French diademe, from Latin diadēma, from Ancient Greek διάδημα (diádēma).


herien

herien (infinitive)
to herien (infinitive)
herie (infinitive)
herie (first-person present singular)
heried (first-person past singular)
heriest (present second-person singular)
heriedest (past second-person singular)
herieth (present singular third-person)
heried (past singular third-person)
herie (present singular subjunctive)
heried (past singular subjunctive)
herie (imperative present singular)
herien (plural present)
herie (plural present)
herieden (past plural)
heriede (past plural)
herieth (imperative plural present)
herie (imperative plural present)
heriynge (participle present)
heriende (participle present)
heried (participle past)
yheried (participle past)

English: harry, harrow

Scots: herry, hery, hary

From Old English herġian, from Proto-West Germanic *harjōn, from Proto-Germanic *harjōną. Equivalent to here (“army”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


pleyen

pleyen (infinitive)
to pleyen (infinitive)
pleye (infinitive)
pleye (first-person present singular)
pleyed (first-person past singular)
pleyest (present second-person singular)
pleyedest (past second-person singular)
pleyeth (present singular third-person)
pleyed (past singular third-person)
pleye (present singular subjunctive)
pleyed (past singular subjunctive)
pleye (imperative present singular)
pleyen (plural present)
pleye (plural present)
pleyeden (past plural)
pleyede (past plural)
pleyeth (imperative plural present)
pleye (imperative plural present)
pleyynge (participle present)
pleyende (participle present)
pleyed (participle past)
ypleyed (participle past)

English: play, plaw

Scots: play

From a conflation of Old English pleġan and pleġian, from Proto-West Germanic *plehan and *plegōn. Equivalent to pleye + -en (infinitival suffix).

To play music; to sing and/or play an instrument.

(rare) To provide entertainment, happiness or fun; to participate in a performance that is neither theatrical or musical.


pleye

English: play

Scots: play

Yola: pley

From Old English plæġ, plega, plæġa, from Proto-West Germanic *plegō.

Fun, entertainment, recreation:
Youthful play or fun-making.

Fun, entertainment, recreation:
Festiveness, cavorting, rowdiness.

A codified entertainment activity; a game, especially one representing war.

An entertaining performance or activity:

A musical performance; the playing of music

Foreplay, sexual entertainment, intercourse.


pleyer

English: player

Scots: player

From Old English pleġere; equivalent to pleyen (“to play”) + -er (“agentive suffix”).

One who makes entertainment for themselves:

One who participates in a game or sport; a player.

A participant in festivities or revelry.

One who provides entertainment (e.g. songs, dance, music):

A performer or participant in a play or stage show.


coynynge

English: coining, quoining

(rare) quoining (that which composes a quoin)


spilen

spilen (infinitive)
to spilen (infinitive)
spile (infinitive)
spile (first-person present singular)
spiled (first-person past singular)
spilest (present second-person singular)
spiledest (past second-person singular)
spileth (present singular third-person)
spiled (past singular third-person)
spile (present singular subjunctive)
spiled (past singular subjunctive)
spile (imperative present singular)
spilen (plural present)
spile (plural present)
spileden (past plural)
spilede (past plural)
spileth (imperative plural present)
spile (imperative plural present)
spilynge (participle present)
spilende (participle present)
spiled (participle past)
yspiled (participle past)

Early Scots: *spel, *spele (attested in spelare)

Scots: speill

→ English: speel

(rare) to amuse or entertain oneself; to party


hassasis

From Old French hassasis; ultimately from Arabic حَشَّاشِين (ḥaššāšīn).

der

Arabic حَشَّاشِين (ḥaššāšīn)


abstraccyone

English: abstraction

Either from Middle French abstraction or from Medieval Latin abstractio. Equivalent to abstract + -ioun.

(rare) reclusiveness; the practising of a monastic lifestyle.


byndynge

English: binding

Scots: bindin

A tie, binding or knot; that which binds:


lesarde

English: lizard (← lizard)

Scots: lesart (obsolete)

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman lusard, from Latin lacertus; some forms are remodelled on the Latin etymon.

A reptile, especially a lizard.
A snakelike creature; a wyrm.


foman

English: foeman

From Old English fāhman; equivalent to fo (“hostile”, adjective) + man (“man”).

(rare, Christianity) A religious or spiritual opponent or opposing force.

(rare, Christianity) Satan; the leader of the forces of evil.

(rare, Christianity) A creature of Hell; a demon.


daschen

daschen (infinitive)
to daschen (infinitive)
dasche (infinitive)
dasche (first-person present singular)
dasched (first-person past singular)
daschest (present second-person singular)
daschedest (past second-person singular)
dascheth (present singular third-person)
dasched (past singular third-person)
dasche (present singular subjunctive)
dasched (past singular subjunctive)
dasche (imperative present singular)
daschen (plural present)
dasche (plural present)
dascheden (past plural)
daschede (past plural)
dascheth (imperative plural present)
dasche (imperative plural present)
daschynge (participle present)
daschende (participle present)
dasched (participle past)
ydasched (participle past)

English: dash

Scots: dash

From the Old Danish ancestor of Danish daske. Equivalent to dasch + -en (infinitival suffix).

(rare) To hit a percussion instrument as to play it.

(rare, Late Middle English) To ruin a matrimonial bond; to separate partners.


depen

depen (infinitive)
to depen (infinitive)
depe (infinitive)
depe (first-person present singular)
deped (first-person past singular)
depest (present second-person singular)
depedest (past second-person singular)
depeth (present singular third-person)
deped (past singular third-person)
depe (present singular subjunctive)
deped (past singular subjunctive)
depe (imperative present singular)
depen (plural present)
depe (plural present)
depeden (past plural)
depede (past plural)
depeth (imperative plural present)
depe (imperative plural present)
depynge (participle present)
depende (participle present)
deped (participle past)
ydeped (participle past)

English: deep (obsolete)

Scots: depe

From the merger of Old English dēopian and dīepan, from Proto-West Germanic *deupōn and *daupijan, respectively. Equivalent to depe + -en (infinitival suffix).

(rare) To engage oneself in a narrative.


lessoun

English: lesson

Scots: lesson

From Old French leçon, from Latin lēctiōnem, accusative of lēctiō.

A portion or section of the Bible or any other religious text (often recited at church)


omissioun

English: omission

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman omission, and its etymon Late Latin omissiō, from Latin omittō.

(Late Middle English) omission, neglection


rewen

rewen (infinitive)
to rewen (infinitive)
rewe (infinitive)
rewe (first-person present singular)
rew (first-person past singular)
rewed (first-person past singular)
rewest (present second-person singular)
rowe (past second-person singular)
rew (past second-person singular)
rewedest (past second-person singular)
reweth (present singular third-person)
rew (past singular third-person)
rewed (past singular third-person)
rewe (present singular subjunctive)
rowe (past singular subjunctive)
rewed (past singular subjunctive)
rewe (imperative present singular)
rewen (plural present)
rewe (plural present)
rowen (past plural)
rowe (past plural)
reweden (past plural)
rewede (past plural)
reweth (imperative plural present)
rewe (imperative plural present)
rewynge (participle present)
rewende (participle present)
rowen (participle past)
rowe (participle past)
rewed (participle past)

English: rue

Scots: rew

From Old English hrēowan; equivalent to rewe (“rue”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


sorinesse

enm-noun

sorinesse (plural sorinesses or sorinessen)

English: sorriness

From Old English sāriġnes; equivalent to sory + -nesse.

(rare, religion) damning; eternal punishment in Hell.


fischer

English: fisher

Scots: fisher

From Old English fisċere, from Proto-Germanic *fiskārijaz; equivalent to fisch + -er.

(religion) A proselytiser; one who promotes a religion.


swopen

enm-verb

swopen (third-person singular simple present swopeth, present participle swopynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative swep, past participle swopen)

swopeth (present singular third-person)
swopynge (participle present)
swep (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
swopen (participle past)
swopen (infinitive)
to swopen (infinitive)
swope (infinitive)
swope (first-person present singular)
swep (first-person past singular)
swoped (first-person past singular)
swopest (present second-person singular)
swepe (past second-person singular)
swep (past second-person singular)
swopedest (past second-person singular)
swopeth (present singular third-person)
swep (past singular third-person)
swoped (past singular third-person)
swope (present singular subjunctive)
swepe (past singular subjunctive)
swoped (past singular subjunctive)
swope (imperative present singular)
swopen (plural present)
swope (plural present)
swepen (past plural)
swepe (past plural)
swopeden (past plural)
swopede (past plural)
swopeth (imperative plural present)
swope (imperative plural present)
swopynge (participle present)
swopende (participle present)
swopen (participle past)
swepe (participle past)
swoped (participle past)
yswopen (participle past)
yswepe (participle past)

English: swoop

Scots: swap, swape, swaip

From Old English swāpan, from Proto-West Germanic *swaipan, from Proto-Germanic *swaipaną.

(religion) To cleanse or purge evil influences.


Mercurie

English: mercury, Mercury

Scots: marcury


venerien

Venerian

Either from Old French venerien or from Latin Venerius. The nominal use derives from the astrological understanding of Venus as the source of erotic influence.

(astronomy, astrology, sometimes capitalized, see Venerien) Pertaining to or under the influence of the planet Venus.


marcyan

(astronomy, astrology, sometimes capitalized) Pertaining to or under the influence of the planet Mars.


Jubiter

English: Jupiter

The Roman god governing the sky; Jove, Jupiter.


gramere scole

English: grammar school

From gramere (“(Latin) grammar”) + scole (“school”).

af

grammar school (school that teaches Latin)


saturnyne

English: saturnine

From Old French saturnin, from Latin Sāturnīnus.

(astronomy, astrology, sometimes capitalized) Pertaining to or under the influence of the planet Saturn.


Lucyna

English: Lucina

(mythology) The Roman goddess of childbirth; Lucina.


warderobe

English: wardrobe

Scots: wardrop (obsolete)

From Old Northern French warderoube; equivalent to ward + robe.

A small room or other location where clothing is stored for use; a wardrobe.


cloystrer

English: cloisterer

From Old French cloistrier; equivalent to cloistre + -er.

A cloisterer; a person living a monastic lifestyle.


Phebus

English: Phoebus

From Latin Phoebus, from Ancient Greek Φοῖβος (Phoîbos, “[the] Radiant [One]”).

der

(mythology) In Greek mythology, the god governing the sun; Phoebus, Apollo.


Appolyn

From inflected forms of Latin Apollo, from Ancient Greek Ἀπόλλων (Apóllōn).

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) In Greek and Roman mythology, the god governing the sun; Phoebus, Apollo.


jelousnesse

English: jealousness

Jealousness in a relationship or marriage.

(rare) Passion; romantic or sexual desire.


mytre

English: mitre

From Old French mitre, from Ancient Greek μίτρα (mítra).

A piece of headgear; a cap or hat:
mitre (cap worn by Christian priests)

A piece of headgear; a cap or hat:
A cap worn by Jewish priests.


bylden

enm-verb

bylden (third-person singular simple present byldeth, present participle byldynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative bylte, past participle bylt)

byldeth (present singular third-person)
byldynge (participle present)
bylte (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
bylt (participle past)
bylden (infinitive)
to bylden (infinitive)
bylde (infinitive)
bylde (first-person present singular)
bylte (first-person past singular)
bylde (first-person past singular)
bylded (first-person past singular)
byldest (present second-person singular)
byltest (past second-person singular)
byldest (past second-person singular)
byldedest (past second-person singular)
byldeth (present singular third-person)
bylte (past singular third-person)
bylde (past singular third-person)
bylded (past singular third-person)
bylde (present singular subjunctive)
bylte (past singular subjunctive)
bylde (past singular subjunctive)
bylded (past singular subjunctive)
bylde (imperative present singular)
bylden (plural present)
bylde (plural present)
bylten (past plural)
bylte (past plural)
bylden (past plural)
bylde (past plural)
byldeden (past plural)
byldede (past plural)
byldeth (imperative plural present)
bylde (imperative plural present)
byldynge (participle present)
byldende (participle present)
bylt (participle past)
byld (participle past)
bylded (participle past)
ybylt (participle past)
ybyld (participle past)
ybylded (participle past)

English: build

Inherited from Old English bytlan, from Proto-West Germanic *buþlijan, from Proto-Germanic *buþlijaną, from Proto-Germanic *buþlą, *bōþlą (“house, dwelling, farm”).

To edify; to improve or promote welfare and religion.

To furnish; to supply quarters with necessities.


mynystren

mynystren (third-person singular simple present mynystreth, present participle mynystrende, mynystrynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle mynystred)

mynystreth (present singular third-person)
mynystrende (participle present)
mynystrynge (participle present)
mynystred (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
mynystren (infinitive)
to mynystren (infinitive)
mynystre (infinitive)
mynystre (first-person present singular)
mynystred (first-person past singular)
mynystrest (present second-person singular)
mynystredest (past second-person singular)
mynystreth (present singular third-person)
mynystred (past singular third-person)
mynystre (present singular subjunctive)
mynystred (past singular subjunctive)
mynystre (imperative present singular)
mynystren (plural present)
mynystre (plural present)
mynystreden (past plural)
mynystrede (past plural)
mynystreth (imperative plural present)
mynystre (imperative plural present)
mynystrynge (participle present)
mynystrende (participle present)
mynystred (participle past)
ymynystred (participle past)

English: minister

Scots: minister (obsolete)

Borrowed from Middle French ministrer, from Old French ministrer, from Latin ministrō; equivalent to ministre + -en (infinitival suffix).

To confer or grant; to give a privilege.

(Christianity or medicine) To administer (a sacrament or medicine)

To give (out); to deliver:
To administer (a sacrament or medicine)

To officiate a religious service or ceremony.

To proclaim or disseminate religious beliefs.


mynystrynge

English: ministering

Scots: ministring (obsolete)

(religion) Officiating at a religious service.


Spynx

English: Sphinx, sphinx

From Latin Sphinx, from Ancient Greek Σφίγξ (Sphínx).


laddre

English: ladder

Scots: ledder

Inherited from Old English hlǣder, hlædder, from Proto-West Germanic *hlaidriju, from Proto-Germanic *hlaidrijō. The final vowel is generalised from the Old English oblique forms.

(figurative, Christianity) A symbol of the progressive journey into Heaven.


glewen

glewen (infinitive)
to glewen (infinitive)
glewe (infinitive)
glewe (first-person present singular)
glewed (first-person past singular)
glewest (present second-person singular)
glewedest (past second-person singular)
gleweth (present singular third-person)
glewed (past singular third-person)
glewe (present singular subjunctive)
glewed (past singular subjunctive)
glewe (imperative present singular)
glewen (plural present)
glewe (plural present)
gleweden (past plural)
glewede (past plural)
gleweth (imperative plural present)
glewe (imperative plural present)
glewynge (participle present)
glewende (participle present)
glewed (participle past)
yglewed (participle past)

From Old English glīwian, from Proto-Germanic *glīwwōną.

To play music or songs; to please with music.

(rare) To cause to be happy; to satisfy.


glewen

English: glue

To connect together; to unify, link, or shut; to cause two things to come connected.


gleowinge

(rare) Singing; the performance of music.


bourdour

English: bourder (obsolete)

Borrowed from Old French bordeor, bourdour; equivalent to bourden + -our.

A comedian or clown; one who amuses others for a living.


bourden

bourden (infinitive)
to bourden (infinitive)
bourde (infinitive)
bourde (first-person present singular)
bourded (first-person past singular)
bourdest (present second-person singular)
bourdedest (past second-person singular)
bourdeth (present singular third-person)
bourded (past singular third-person)
bourde (present singular subjunctive)
bourded (past singular subjunctive)
bourde (imperative present singular)
bourden (plural present)
bourde (plural present)
bourdeden (past plural)
bourdede (past plural)
bourdeth (imperative plural present)
bourde (imperative plural present)
bourdynge (participle present)
bourdende (participle present)
bourded (participle past)
ybourded (participle past)

English: bourd (obsolete)

Borrowed from Old French bourder, from bourde (“blunder”).

To jape; to make fun of or practice humour.


glowen

glowen (infinitive)
to glowen (infinitive)
glowe (infinitive)
glowe (first-person present singular)
glowed (first-person past singular)
glew (first-person past singular)
glowest (present second-person singular)
glowedest (past second-person singular)
glewe (past second-person singular)
glew (past second-person singular)
gloweth (present singular third-person)
glowed (past singular third-person)
glew (past singular third-person)
glowe (present singular subjunctive)
glowed (past singular subjunctive)
glewe (past singular subjunctive)
glowe (imperative present singular)
glowen (plural present)
glowe (plural present)
gloweden (past plural)
glowede (past plural)
glewen (past plural)
glewe (past plural)
gloweth (imperative plural present)
glowe (imperative plural present)
glowynge (participle present)
glowende (participle present)
glowed (participle past)
glowen (participle past)
glowe (participle past)
yglowed (participle past)
yglowen (participle past)

English: glow

Scots: glow

From Old English glōwan, from Proto-Germanic *glōaną.

(Christianity, rare) To be in pain or agony from the fires of Hell.


panetrie

English: pantry

Scots: pantry

A pantry; a storehouse or storage area, usually for comestibles


serche

English: search

Scots: sairch

Yola: surchte

Borrowed from Old French cerche (“search”), from cerchier (“to search”); compare serchen.

bor+

The privilege to investigate crime (usually violations of guild code)

A supervisor of a convent (monastery for women).

(rare, Late Middle English) An inspection or inquest of goods or products.


hoden

hoden (infinitive)
to hoden (infinitive)
hode (infinitive)
hode (first-person present singular)
hoded (first-person past singular)
hodest (present second-person singular)
hodedest (past second-person singular)
hodeth (present singular third-person)
hoded (past singular third-person)
hode (present singular subjunctive)
hoded (past singular subjunctive)
hode (imperative present singular)
hoden (plural present)
hode (plural present)
hodeden (past plural)
hodede (past plural)
hodeth (imperative plural present)
hode (imperative plural present)
hodynge (participle present)
hodende (participle present)
hoded (participle past)
yhoded (participle past)

English: hode, hade (obsolete)

Scots: hade (obsolete)

From Old English hādian; equivalent to hod + -en (infinitival suffix).

To make holy; to hallow; to appoint as a cleric.


blowere

English: blower

Scots: blawer

From Old English blāwere; equivalent to blowen (“to blow”) + -er.

(rare) A tool or instrument used by blowing.


blowynge

English: blowing

Scots: blawin

Yola: blayeen, blauyeen

Inherited from Old English blāwung; equivalent to blowen (“to blow”) + -ing.

Breathing, respiration (the movement of air in and out of the mouth).


jewell hous

A location where the English royal valuables were stored.


byldere

English: builder

→ Macedonian: билдер (bilder)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: bilder

Cyrillic script: би̏лдер

From bylden + -er. Compare Old English bylda, bytla.


byldynge

English: building

→ French: building

By surface analysis, bylden + -ing; either formed anew or a continuation of Old English bytling.

The construction or design of a building.

(rare) Self-improvement or self-realisation.


capston

English: capstone


skynnery

English: skinnery


rofen

rofen (infinitive)
to rofen (infinitive)
rofe (infinitive)
rofe (first-person present singular)
rofed (first-person past singular)
rofest (present second-person singular)
rofedest (past second-person singular)
rofeth (present singular third-person)
rofed (past singular third-person)
rofe (present singular subjunctive)
rofed (past singular subjunctive)
rofe (imperative present singular)
rofen (plural present)
rofe (plural present)
rofeden (past plural)
rofede (past plural)
rofeth (imperative plural present)
rofe (imperative plural present)
rofynge (participle present)
rofende (participle present)
rofed (participle past)
yrofed (participle past)

English: roof

Scots: ruif


chayer

English: chair (see there for further descendants)

Scots: cheer, chyre

Yola: chyre

/ˈt͡ʃæi̯ər(ə)/

From Old French chaiere, from Latin cathedra, from Ancient Greek καθέδρα (kathédra).

A padded chair or armchair; a seat facilitating comfort:

(theology) The seat of God as King of Heaven.


paleys

English: palace

Scots: pallace

From Old French palais, paleis, from Latin palātium, from Palātium (“Palatine Hill”).

A palace; an official ornate dwelling of a high official.


vesselment

From Anglo-Norman vesselment; equivalent to vessel + -ment.

(rare) Boxes and containers used for religious reasons.


tusshe

English: tush

From Old English tūsc, from Proto-Germanic *tunþskaz. Compare tusk.


asshe

enm-noun

asshe (plural asshen or asshes or asshe or asken)

asshen (plural)
asshes (plural)
asshe (plural)
asken (plural)

English: ash

Scots: ess, asch, ais, as, askis

Yola: ashen, oaskean (plural)

From Old English æsce, from Proto-West Germanic *askā, from Proto-Germanic *askǭ.

(Christianity) Ashes utilised in ceremonies to represent forgiveness.


Aschewednysday

English: Ash Wednesday

Scots: Ess-Wadensday

From asche (“burnt matter”) + Wednesday.


segynge

English: sieging


heggynge

English: hedging

Scots: hedgin

The construction of a hedge or fortification.

(rare) A hedge or fence that looks like a hedge.


ȝerde

English: yard, yerd

Scots: yaird, yeard, yird

Inherited from Old English ġerd, from Proto-West Germanic *gaʀdi, from Proto-Germanic *gazdijō. related to Polish żerdź from Proto-Slavic *žьrdь ("perch, pole, ricker").

A bar or rod; a long, skinny piece of material:


naperie

English: napery

Scots: napery

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman naperie; equivalent to nape + -erie.

A storage room containing fabrics or textiles.


chalis

English: chalice

Scots: chalice

Borrowed from Old French chalice, calice, borrowed itself from Latin calix, from Ancient Greek κάλυξ (kálux). Doublet of calch, which is an older form inherited from Proto-West Germanic *kalik, ultimately from the same source.

A chalice for wine used for the Eucharist.


wolward

English: woolward

Clad in wool-wear (often for repentance).


hacche

English: hatch, heck

Scots: hatch, heck, haik

From Old English hæċ, hæc, from Proto-West Germanic *hakkju, variant of *haggju; see more at hegge. The final vowel is generalised from the Old English inflected forms.

The bottom section of a Dutch door; a half door.


hospitalite

English: hospitality

Middle Scots: hospitalitie

Borrowed from Old French hospitalité, from Latin hospitālitās; by surface analysis, hospital + -ite.


hospiteler

English: hospitaller, hospitaler

Borrowed from Middle French hospitalier; equivalent to hospital + -er. Some forms have the vowel of Medieval Latin hospitulārius.


hospitalarye

Borrowed from Medieval Latin hospitālārius, from hospitale.

bor+

(Late Middle English) A member of the Knights Hospitallers.


hostelen

enm-verb

hostelen (third-person singular simple present hosteleth, present participle hostelende, hostelynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle hosteled)

hosteleth (present singular third-person)
hostelende (participle present)
hostelynge (participle present)
hosteled (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
hostelen (infinitive)
to hostelen (infinitive)
hostele (first-person present singular)
hosteled (first-person past singular)
hostelest (present second-person singular)
hosteledest (past second-person singular)
hosteleth (present singular third-person)
hosteled (past singular third-person)
hostele (present singular subjunctive)
hosteled (past singular subjunctive)
hostele (imperative present singular)
hostelen (plural present)
hostele (plural present)
hosteleden (past plural)
hostelede (past plural)
hosteleth (imperative plural present)
hostele (imperative plural present)
hostelynge (participle present)
hostelende (participle present)
hosteled (participle past)
yhosteled (participle past)

From Old French hosteler, osteler; equivalent to hostel + -en (infinitival suffix).

(rare) To provide or use accommodation; to lodge.


hevynesse

English: heaviness

From Old English hefiġnes; equivalent to (and influenced by) hevy + -nesse.

(religion) The vice of sloth or idleness.


reysynge

English: raising

Scots: raisin


stafflike

From Old English stæflīc; equivalent to staf + -ly.

(Ormulum, rare) Literal; non-figurative.


reysen

reysen (third-person singular simple present reyseth, present participle reysende, reysynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle reysed)

reyseth (present singular third-person)
reysende (participle present)
reysynge (participle present)
reysed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
reysen (infinitive)
to reysen (infinitive)
reyse (infinitive)
reyse (first-person present singular)
reysed (first-person past singular)
reysest (present second-person singular)
reysedest (past second-person singular)
reyseth (present singular third-person)
reysed (past singular third-person)
reyse (present singular subjunctive)
reysed (past singular subjunctive)
reyse (imperative present singular)
reysen (plural present)
reyse (plural present)
reyseden (past plural)
reysede (past plural)
reyseth (imperative plural present)
reyse (imperative plural present)
reysynge (participle present)
reysende (participle present)
reysed (participle past)
yreysed (participle past)

English: raise

Scots: rais, rase, raise

Borrowed from Old Norse reisa, from Proto-Germanic *raisijaną, *raizijaną. Doublet of reren.

To create or ready something:
To summon a occult or demonic force.

foꝛ as þe fadir reiſiþ deed men ⁊ quykeneþ .· ſo þe ſone quykeneþ whom he wole

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Joon 5:21, page 47r, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

Just like the father raises the dead and revives them, the son revives who he wants.

To resurrect; to cause to come back from the dead.


reren

reren (infinitive)
to reren (infinitive)
rere (infinitive)
rere (first-person present singular)
rered (first-person past singular)
rerest (present second-person singular)
reredest (past second-person singular)
rereth (present singular third-person)
rered (past singular third-person)
rere (present singular subjunctive)
rered (past singular subjunctive)
rere (imperative present singular)
reren (plural present)
rere (plural present)
rereden (past plural)
rerede (past plural)
rereth (imperative plural present)
rere (imperative plural present)
rerynge (participle present)
rerende (participle present)
rered (participle past)
yrered (participle past)

English: rear

Scots: rere, reir

From Old English rǣran, from Proto-West Germanic *raiʀijan, from Proto-Germanic *raisijaną, *raizijaną. Doublet of reysen.

To construct or make; to cause the construction of something:

To ready or prepare; to activate or equip for use.


reren

English: rear

From Old English hrēran, from Proto-West Germanic *hrōʀijan, from Proto-Germanic *hrōzijaną.


rerynge

English: rearing

(rare) The action of pulling or causing to rise upwards.

(rare) Breeding; raising of beast or fowl.

(rare) The lifting of one's vocal sound.

(rare) Jumping; upwards moving or movement.

(rare, Late Middle English) Raising of armies, bands or troops.


sterne of þe see

Calque of Latin Stella Maris, an epithet for the Virgin Mary. Arose as a scribal mistranscription of stilla maris (“drop of the sea”), which in turn was an interpretation of Mary's name in Aramaic, Maryam, as Hebrew מר (mar, “drop”) + ים (yam, “sea”).

(Christianity) The Virgin Mary, the mother of Christ.


sterre of þe see

English: Star of the Sea

Calque of Latin Stella Maris, an epithet for the Virgin Mary. Arose as a scribal mistranscription of stilla maris ("drop of the sea"), which in turn was an interpretation of Mary's name in Aramaic, Maryam, as Hebrew מר (mar, "drop") + ים (yam, "sea").


day sterne

Scots: daystern


daysterre

enm-noun

daysterre (plural daysterres or daysterren)

English: daystar

From Old English dæġsteorra, equivalent to day + sterre.

further alternative forms at day and sterre


morwynsterre

morwynsterre (plural morwynsterres or morwynsterren)

morwynsterres (plural)
morwynsterren (plural)

English: morning star

From Old English morgensteorra, equivalent to morwe + sterre.

(Christianity) The head of the fallen angels; Lucifer, Satan.


frount

English: front (see there for further descendants)

Scots: front

Borrowed from Old French front, from Latin frons.


frounter

English: frontier

Scots: fronter (obsolete)

Borrowed from Old French fronter, ultimately from Latin frōns.


endyng

English: ending

Scots: endin

Yola: endeen

From Old English endung, ġeendung; equivalent to ende + -ing.

(Christianity) The end of the current world; the biblical Apocalypse.


develrye

English: devilry, deviltry

Scots: deilry, deeviltry


develiche

From Old English dēofollīc; equivalent to devel + -liche.


develissh

English: devilish

Scots: deevilish, deilish


norischen

norischen (infinitive)
to norischen (infinitive)
norische (infinitive)
norische (first-person present singular)
norisched (first-person past singular)
norischest (present second-person singular)
norischedest (past second-person singular)
norischeth (present singular third-person)
norisched (past singular third-person)
norische (present singular subjunctive)
norisched (past singular subjunctive)
norische (imperative present singular)
norischen (plural present)
norische (plural present)
norischeden (past plural)
norischede (past plural)
norischeth (imperative plural present)
norische (imperative plural present)
norischynge (participle present)
norischende (participle present)
norisched (participle past)
ynorisched (participle past)

English: nourish

Scots: nourish

From Old French nouriss-, stem of norrir, from Latin nūtriō.

To provide sustenance and necessities for something; to support:

To foster; to assist something's growth or development:

To spread or encourage an idea or belief.


norisshyng

Inciting into behaviour; promotion of a belief.


chymeney

English: chimney

Scots: chimley, chimlie

Yola: gimlie

→ Welsh: simnai

Borrowed from Old French chimenee~cheminee, from Late Latin camīnāta. Forms starting with k- are from Old Northern French; forms ending in -th are from early Old French *cheminethe.

bor+

A device for heating; a stove or furnace.


saillen

saillen (infinitive)
to saillen (infinitive)
saille (infinitive)
saille (first-person present singular)
sailled (first-person past singular)
saillest (present second-person singular)
sailledest (past second-person singular)
sailleth (present singular third-person)
sailled (past singular third-person)
saille (present singular subjunctive)
sailled (past singular subjunctive)
saille (imperative present singular)
saillen (plural present)
saille (plural present)
sailleden (past plural)
saillede (past plural)
sailleth (imperative plural present)
saille (imperative plural present)
saillynge (participle present)
saillende (participle present)
sailled (participle past)
ysailled (participle past)

From Old French saillir, salir, from Latin saliō.

To dance; to jump around; to do gymnastics.


lawghynge

English: laughing

Scots: lauchin

Yola: leeigheen, leigheen, leighen (from laghyng) ⇒ lacheny

Fun, entertainment, enjoyment, revelling.


merveile

English: marvel

Scots: mervel

Borrowed from Old French merveille, from Latin mirabilia.

Something that induces wonder or astonishment; a marvel:

A supernatural or miraculous event; an act of God.


merveile

(rare) Supernatural; put into effect by divine or godly forces.


merveilous

English: marvellous

Scots: mervellous

Borrowed from Old French merveillus, merveillos; equivalent to merveil + -ous.

Miraculous or occult; involving paranormal or divine forces.


merveilously

English: marvellously

In a miraculous way; done or accomplished using divine forces.


visioun

English: vision

Scots: veesion

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman visioun, from Latin vīsiōnem, accusative singular of vīsiō.

A vision; an illusory image, apparition or mirage.


avisioun

English: avision (obsolete)

Scots: avisioun (obsolete)

Borrowed from Old French avision; equivalent to a- + visioun.

A vision; an illusory image, apparition or mirage (especially in one's rest).


provisioun

English: provision

Scots: proveesion

Borrowed from Old French provision, from Latin prōvīsiōnem, accusative singular of prōvīsiō; equivalent to pro- + visioun.

(Christianity) Induction into a non-vacant benefice; ecclesiastical provision.

(rare, Christianity) A papally-granted right to bypass the ecclesiastical hierarchy.


prophecien

prophecien (infinitive)
to prophecien (infinitive)
prophecie (infinitive)
prophecie (first-person present singular)
prophecied (first-person past singular)
propheciest (present second-person singular)
propheciedest (past second-person singular)
prophecieth (present singular third-person)
prophecied (past singular third-person)
prophecie (present singular subjunctive)
prophecied (past singular subjunctive)
prophecie (imperative present singular)
prophecien (plural present)
prophecie (plural present)
prophecieden (past plural)
propheciede (past plural)
prophecieth (imperative plural present)
prophecie (imperative plural present)
propheciynge (participle present)
propheciende (participle present)
prophecied (participle past)
yprophecied (participle past)

English: prophesy

Partly from prophecie + -en (infinitival suffix), and partly borrowed from Middle French prophecier, prophesier, from prophecie (“prophecy”).

To prophesy; to communicate a divine message; to act as a prophet.


prophetesse

English: prophetess

Borrowed from Old French prophetesse, from Latin prophētissa; equivalent to prophete + -esse.

A female prophet; one who expounds upon a divine message or a purported one.


fumerelle

→ English: femerell, fumerell (historical)

A femerell; a vent for smoke to escape out of.


crowde

q

remodelled after Welsh <i class="Latn mention" lang="cy">crwth</i>

English: crwth, crowd, cruth, crowth, crouth (remodelled after Welsh crwth)

Scots: croude (obsolete)

Borrowed from a Celtic language; ultimately from Proto-Celtic *kruttos; compare Welsh crwth. A doublet of rote (“rote (musical instrument)”).

A crwth, crowd or a similar musical instrument.


asseth

From Anglo-Norman *aset, back-formed from asez, asetz (interpreted as a plural). Forms without initial a- are from rebracketing of asseth as a seth. Compare English asset, from a Modern English reinterpretation of asetz.

Jesus's death as a sacrifice; the Atonement.


kalende

English: calends

From Old English calend, a singular form back-formed from Latin kalendae, calendae.

Rosh Hodesh; the Jewish celebration of a month beginning.


charmynge

English: charming

Scots: chairmin


revelour

English: reveler, reveller


revelacioun

English: revelation

From Old French revelacion, from Latin revēlātiō; equivalent to revelen + -acioun.

A religious or spiritual revelation; a revealing of divine knowledge.

The book of Revelation (the last book of the New Testament)

(rare) The contents or matter of a revelation.

(rare) A religious realisation or conclusion.


rebellyng

English: rebelling

(Late Middle English) Refusal to obey authorities or rules (divine or earyhly)


rebellioun

English: rebellion

From Old French rebellion, from Latin rebelliō; equivalent to rebellen + -ioun.

(Late Middle English) Refusal to obey divine authority or power.


tradicioun

English: tradition

Scots: tradeetion

From Old French tradicion, from Latin trāditiō. Doublet of tresoun.

A tradition, custom, or piece of wisdom; traditional material.

The Talmud; codified and explicated Jewish tradition.


þester

(rare) Incomprehensible, vague, or lacking detail.


þesternesse

From Old English þēosterness; equivalent to þester + -nesse.

Immorality, paganism, iniquity; bad religious behaviour (from a Christian viewpoint).


blasten

blasten (infinitive)
to blasten (infinitive)
blaste (infinitive)
blaste (first-person present singular)
blasted (first-person past singular)
blaste (first-person past singular)
blastest (present second-person singular)
blastedest (past second-person singular)
blastest (past second-person singular)
blasteth (present singular third-person)
blasted (past singular third-person)
blaste (past singular third-person)
blaste (present singular subjunctive)
blasted (past singular subjunctive)
blaste (past singular subjunctive)
blaste (imperative present singular)
blasten (plural present)
blaste (plural present)
blasteden (past plural)
blastede (past plural)
blasten (past plural)
blaste (past plural)
blasteth (imperative plural present)
blaste (imperative plural present)
blastynge (participle present)
blastende (participle present)
blasted (participle past)
yblasted (participle past)

English: blast

Scots: blast

Inherited from Old English blǣstan, from Proto-West Germanic *blāstijan, from Proto-Germanic *blēstijaną; equivalent to blast + -en (infinitival suffix).

Toke his blake trumpe faste / And gan to puffen and to blaste.

14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The House of Fame:


angelik

English: angelic

Borrowed from Old French angélique, borrowed itself from Latin angelicus, from Ancient Greek ἀγγελικός (angelikós). Some forms represent a continuation of Old English engellīċ. Equivalent to aungel + -ik.

Angelic or heavenly; appropriate for an angel.


Rede See

English: Red Sea

From Old English Rēad Sǣ; equivalent to red + see.

the Red Sea (especially in a biblical context)


counte

English: county

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman counté, from Latin comitātus; equivalent to counte (“count”) + -te.

A traditional county or shire of England, Ireland, Scotland, or Wales.


threschwolde

English: threshold

Scots: thrashel

/ˈθrɛʃwɔːld/

/ˈθrɛʃfɔːld/

From Old English þresċold, þerxold, þrexwold, from Proto-Germanic *þreskwaþluz; the first element is akin to threschen, but the second is of disputed origin, and was identified with several different words in Middle English.

An entryway; the part of a structure where one enters.


bridegome

English: bridegroom

Scots: bridegreem

Yola: breedegroom

Inherited from Old English brȳdguma, from Proto-West Germanic *brūdigumō, from Proto-Germanic *brūdigumô; equivalent to bride + gome (“man”).

(theology) God as Christendom's partner.


bridale

English: bridal

Scots: brithal

Inherited from Old English brȳdealo, equivalent to bride + ale (“ale”).

(rare, theology) The "wedding" of humankind and God.


breydynge

English: braiding

Weaving, intertwining (of branches or yarn)


dowen

dowen (infinitive)
to dowen (infinitive)
dowe (infinitive)
dowe (first-person present singular)
dowed (first-person past singular)
dowest (present second-person singular)
dowedest (past second-person singular)
doweth (present singular third-person)
dowed (past singular third-person)
dowe (present singular subjunctive)
dowed (past singular subjunctive)
dowe (imperative present singular)
dowen (plural present)
dowe (plural present)
doweden (past plural)
dowede (past plural)
doweth (imperative plural present)
dowe (imperative plural present)
dowynge (participle present)
dowende (participle present)
dowed (participle past)
ydowed (participle past)

English: dow (obsolete)

Scots: dow

Borrowed from Old French douer, from Latin dōtō.

To give, furnish, or provide with something:

To give or provide something as a dowry.


dowarye

English: dowry

Scots: drurie (obsolete)

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman dowarie, from Medieval Latin dōtārium; equivalent to dowen + -erie. Doublet of dower.

A dower; a life estate of a male spouse's property.

(rare) A gift given by the bride's family to the groom or his relatives; dowry.


endowable

English: endowable

(rare) Entitled to receive or eligible for dower.


louten

louten (infinitive)
to louten (infinitive)
loute (infinitive)
loute (first-person present singular)
louted (first-person past singular)
loute (first-person past singular)
let (first-person past singular)
loutest (present second-person singular)
loutedest (past second-person singular)
loutest (past second-person singular)
let (past second-person singular)
louteth (present singular third-person)
louted (past singular third-person)
loute (past singular third-person)
let (past singular third-person)
loute (present singular subjunctive)
louted (past singular subjunctive)
loute (past singular subjunctive)
loute (imperative present singular)
louten (plural present)
loute (plural present)
louteden (past plural)
loutede (past plural)
louten (past plural)
loute (past plural)
louteth (imperative plural present)
loute (imperative plural present)
loutynge (participle present)
loutende (participle present)
louted (participle past)
lout (participle past)
ylouted (participle past)
ylout (participle past)

English: lout (obsolete)

Scots: lout, loot, lowt

From Old English lūtan, from Proto-Germanic *lūtaną.

(transitive, intransitive) To pray or show devotion towards a deity or religious figure.


kilne

English: kiln

Scots: kill

From Old English cylene, from Latin culīna (possibly through a Proto-Germanic *kulinǭ).


brewhous

English: brewhouse

A brewhouse or brewery; a place for making beer.

(rare) An inn or tavern with an on-site brewery.


scanden

enm-verb

scanden (third-person singular simple present scandeth, present participle scandende, scandynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle scanded)

scandeth (present singular third-person)
scandende (participle present)
scandynge (participle present)
scanded (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
scanden (infinitive)
to scanden (infinitive)
scande (infinitive)
scande (first-person present singular)
scanded (first-person past singular)
scande (first-person past singular)
scandest (present second-person singular)
scandedest (past second-person singular)
scandest (past second-person singular)
scandeth (present singular third-person)
scanded (past singular third-person)
scande (past singular third-person)
scande (present singular subjunctive)
scanded (past singular subjunctive)
scande (past singular subjunctive)
scande (imperative present singular)
scanden (plural present)
scande (plural present)
scandeden (past plural)
scandede (past plural)
scanden (past plural)
scande (past plural)
scandeth (imperative plural present)
scande (imperative plural present)
scandynge (participle present)
scandende (participle present)
scanded (participle past)
scand (participle past)
yscanded (participle past)
yscand (participle past)

English: scan

Middle Scots: scand

desc

Scots: scan (possibly reborrowed from English)

Borrowed from Late Latin scandō (“to scan verse”), from classical Latin scandō (“to surmount”), from Proto-Indo-European *skend-.
Forms without /d/ are presumably from the reinterpretation of -de as the suffix forming the past tense.

bor+

(rare) To scan verse; to mark verse according to its metrical structure.


stynk

English: stink

Scots: stink

Sin; that which is considered to be wrong by religious authorities.


couplen

couplen (infinitive)
to couplen (infinitive)
couple (infinitive)
couple (first-person present singular)
coupled (first-person past singular)
couplest (present second-person singular)
coupledest (past second-person singular)
coupleth (present singular third-person)
coupled (past singular third-person)
couple (present singular subjunctive)
coupled (past singular subjunctive)
couple (imperative present singular)
couplen (plural present)
couple (plural present)
coupleden (past plural)
couplede (past plural)
coupleth (imperative plural present)
couple (imperative plural present)
couplynge (participle present)
couplende (participle present)
coupled (participle past)
ycoupled (participle past)

English: couple

Scots: cowpill (obsolete)

From Old French coupler, from Latin cōpulō; equivalent to couple + -en (infinitival suffix).

To marry or wed; to join in a matrimonial union.


couplynge

English: coupling

The creation of a romantic or marital bond or a marriage.

(rare) The act of leashing dogs two by two.


myrthe

English: mirth

Scots: mirth

Inherited from Old English myrgþ, mergþ, mirgþ, miriġþ, from Proto-West Germanic *murgīþu; equivalent to mery + -the (abstract nominal suffix).

Religious or holy bliss, ecstasy, or salvation.

Merry-making, entertainment, amusement, fun (or an instance of it)


hondywerk

English: handiwork

desc

Scots: handiewerk, handiewark, handiwark

Inherited from Old English handġeweorc; equivalent to hond + werk. Compare hondwerk.

handiwork, creation (exclusively used in a religious context of God)


hondwerk

English: handwork

Scots: handwerk, handwark

Inherited from Old English handweorc, from Proto-Germanic *handuwerką; equivalent to hond + werk. Compare hondywerk.


flodgate

English: floodgate

→ Middle Welsh: flotyat

Welsh: fflodiad, fflodiard, fflodiart, fflodiat


quantite

English: quantity

Borrowed from Old French quantité, from Latin quantitās.

Number, quantity or amount (either discrete or continuous):

Degree, extent; the relative amount or significance of something.


deposicion

English: deposition

Borrowed from Old French deposicion, from Latin dēpositiō; equivalent to de- + posicioun.

(rare) The burial or internment of a saint.

(rare) A legal deposition or a document with it.


disposicioun

q

obsolete <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">dispotion</i>

English: disposition (obsolete dispotion)

Borrowed from Middle French disposition, from Old French disposition, from Latin dispositiō; equivalent to dis- + posicioun.

The nature or state of something (either inherent or current):

(astrology) The purported influence of the constellations on people.


exposicioun

English: exposition

Borrowed from Old French esposicion, from Latin expositiō; equivalent to ex- + posicioun.

The action of describing in writing; exposition or representation.


imposicioun

English: imposition

Borrowed from Old French imposicion, from Latin impositiō; equivalent to in- + posicioun.


indisposicioun

English: indisposition

Borrowed from Middle French indisposicion; equivalent to in- + disposicioun.

(rare, astrology) Negative astrological influence.


oblacioun

English: oblation

Borrowed from Old French oblacion, from Latin oblātiō.

An oblation; a religious offering or gift to a deity:

Money or treasures given as oblation or donation.

(rare) A person who is given as sacrifice.


cerymonye

English: ceremony

A religious or spiritual ritual or ceremony taking place.


cerymonial

English: ceremonial


sermoun

English: sermon, sarmon (dialectal)

Scots: sermon

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman sermun, from Latin sermō, sermōnem.

A sermon; a religious speech (especially one by early Christians)

The religious sermons and proselytising done by early Christians.

A text or piece of literature, especially one related to religion.

(rare) A language; a form of speech used by a speech community.


sermonynge

English: sermoning (obsolete)

Proselytizing or evangelising; spreading of religion.


sermonen

sermonen (infinitive)
to sermonen (infinitive)
sermone (infinitive)
sermone (first-person present singular)
sermoned (first-person past singular)
sermonest (present second-person singular)
sermonedest (past second-person singular)
sermoneth (present singular third-person)
sermoned (past singular third-person)
sermone (present singular subjunctive)
sermoned (past singular subjunctive)
sermone (imperative present singular)
sermonen (plural present)
sermone (plural present)
sermoneden (past plural)
sermonede (past plural)
sermoneth (imperative plural present)
sermone (imperative plural present)
sermonynge (participle present)
sermonende (participle present)
sermoned (participle past)
ysermoned (participle past)

English: sermon (obsolete)

Borrowed from Old French sermoner (modern French sermonner); equivalent to sermon + -en (infinitival suffix).

To proselytise; to engage in the promotion of religion.


griffoun

English: griffin, griffon, gryphon

→ Welsh: griffon

From Old French griffon, diminutive of gripe (“griffin”).

A griffin (mythological creature; also often found in heraldry)


scharn

English: sharn

Scots: shairn, sharn

From Old English sċearn, from Proto-Germanic *skarną.

Animal feces used as fertiliser; manure or sharn.


weykenesse

English: weakness

Scots: waikness

Faithlessness; lack of belief or virtuousness.


eukarist

English: Eucharist

Borrowed from Old French eucariste, from Latin eucharistia, from Ancient Greek εὐχαριστία (eukharistía).

University of Michigan
w:University of Michigan


redemen

redemen (infinitive)
to redemen (infinitive)
redeme (infinitive)
redeme (first-person present singular)
redemed (first-person past singular)
redempte (first-person past singular)
redemest (present second-person singular)
redemedest (past second-person singular)
redemptest (past second-person singular)
redemeth (present singular third-person)
redemed (past singular third-person)
redempte (past singular third-person)
redeme (present singular subjunctive)
redemed (past singular subjunctive)
redempte (past singular subjunctive)
redeme (imperative present singular)
redemen (plural present)
redeme (plural present)
redemeden (past plural)
redemede (past plural)
redempten (past plural)
redempte (past plural)
redemeth (imperative plural present)
redeme (imperative plural present)
redemynge (participle present)
redemende (participle present)
redemed (participle past)
redempt (participle past)
yredemed (participle past)
yredempt (participle past)

English: redeem

Scots: redeem

Borrowed from Old French redimer, borrowed itself from Latin redimō. Doublet of raymen.

(Christianity) To redeem or liberate (from perdition)


redempcioun

English: redemption

Scots: redemption

Borrowed from Old French redemption, borrowed itself from Latin redemptio. Doublet of raunsoun.

(theology) Redemption or release from sinfulness.

(theology, rare) Spiritual overhaul or reforming.

(theology, rare) Spiritual remission or forgiving.


redemptoure

English: redemptor

Borrowed from Old French redemptor, borrowed itself from Latin redēmptor.

(theology) One who redeems (used of Jesus)


raunsoun

English: ransom

Scots: ransom

Borrowed from Old French raençon, from Latin redemptio. Doublet of redempcioun.

(theology) Jesus as the price of redemption from sin.


raunsonen

raunsonen (infinitive)
to raunsonen (infinitive)
raunsone (infinitive)
raunsone (first-person present singular)
raunsoned (first-person past singular)
raunsonest (present second-person singular)
raunsonedest (past second-person singular)
raunsoneth (present singular third-person)
raunsoned (past singular third-person)
raunsone (present singular subjunctive)
raunsoned (past singular subjunctive)
raunsone (imperative present singular)
raunsonen (plural present)
raunsone (plural present)
raunsoneden (past plural)
raunsonede (past plural)
raunsoneth (imperative plural present)
raunsone (imperative plural present)
raunsonynge (participle present)
raunsonende (participle present)
raunsoned (participle past)
yraunsoned (participle past)

English: ransom

Borrowed from Old French raençonner; equivalent to raunsoun + -en (infinitival suffix).

(Christianity) To redeem or liberate the soul (from perdition)


raunsoner

English: ransomer


raunsonynge

(theology) The process of redeeming the sins of souls.


sovereyn

English: sovereign

Scots: sovereign

Yola: zouvereine, zovereine

From Old French soverain, from Vulgar Latin *superānus.

One's superior or boss; one who one answers to:

An overlord or monarch (often used of God)

A member of local government; a municipal administrator.

One's partner in a marriage; one's spouse.

(rare) Those who preceded or came before.


foreyn

English: foreign

Scots: furrin

From Old French forain, from Vulgar Latin *forānus. Forms in fer- are altered on the analogy of fer (“far”).

Belonging to or associated with other people; not belonging to oneself.


forsweren

forsweren (infinitive)
to forsweren (infinitive)
forswere (infinitive)
forswere (first-person present singular)
forswor (first-person past singular)
forswar (first-person past singular)
forswerest (present second-person singular)
forswore (past second-person singular)
forsware (past second-person singular)
forswor (past second-person singular)
forswar (past second-person singular)
forswereth (present singular third-person)
forswor (past singular third-person)
forswar (past singular third-person)
forswere (present singular subjunctive)
forswore (past singular subjunctive)
forsware (past singular subjunctive)
forswere (imperative present singular)
forsweren (plural present)
forswere (plural present)
forsworen (past plural)
forswore (past plural)
forswaren (past plural)
forsware (past plural)
forswereth (imperative plural present)
forswere (imperative plural present)
forswerynge (participle present)
forswerende (participle present)
forsworen (participle past)
forswore (participle past)
forsworn (participle past)

English: forswear

From Old English forswerian; equivalent to for- + sweren.

(rare, Christianity) To make an oath against God.


answeren

enm-verb

answeren (third-person singular simple present answereth, present participle answerende, answerynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle answered)

answereth (present singular third-person)
answerende (participle present)
answerynge (participle present)
answered (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
answeren (infinitive)
to answeren (infinitive)
answere (infinitive)
answere (first-person present singular)
answered (first-person past singular)
answerde (first-person past singular)
answerest (present second-person singular)
answeredest (past second-person singular)
answerdest (past second-person singular)
answereth (present singular third-person)
answered (past singular third-person)
answerde (past singular third-person)
answere (present singular subjunctive)
answered (past singular subjunctive)
answerde (past singular subjunctive)
answere (imperative present singular)
answeren (plural present)
answere (plural present)
answereden (past plural)
answerede (past plural)
answerden (past plural)
answerde (past plural)
answereth (imperative plural present)
answere (imperative plural present)
answerynge (participle present)
answerende (participle present)
answered (participle past)
answerd (participle past)
yanswered (participle past)
yanswerd (participle past)

English: answer

Scots: answer

From Old English andswerian (from Proto-Germanic *andaswarjaną) and Old English andswarian (from Proto-Germanic *andaswarōną); equivalent to and- + swaren or answere + -en (infinitival suffix).

To answer or respond; to offer a response:

(religion) To explain oneself at the Last Judgement.

To be responsible for (a task, another person):

(religion) To be liable for; to suffer for.


hornepipe

English: hornpipe

From horn + pipe (referring to its material of composition).


flawmen

flawmen (infinitive)
to flawmen (infinitive)
flawme (infinitive)
flawme (first-person present singular)
flawmed (first-person past singular)
flawmest (present second-person singular)
flawmedest (past second-person singular)
flawmeth (present singular third-person)
flawmed (past singular third-person)
flawme (present singular subjunctive)
flawmed (past singular subjunctive)
flawme (imperative present singular)
flawmen (plural present)
flawme (plural present)
flawmeden (past plural)
flawmede (past plural)
flawmeth (imperative plural present)
flawme (imperative plural present)
flawmynge (participle present)
flawmende (participle present)
flawmed (participle past)
yflawmed (participle past)

English: flame

Scots: flam

Borrowed from Old French flamber, flammer; equivalent to flawme + -en (infinitival suffix).

(rare, theology) To release light or brightness onto someone.


lavatorie

English: lavatory

From Late Latin lavātōrium; equivalent to laven + -atorie. Doublet of lavour.

(rare) The process of religious immersion; baptism.


tridel

English: treddle

Scots: tartle

From Old English tyrdel; equivalent to tord + -el (agentive suffix).


geaunt

English: giant

Scots: geeant

Borrowed from Old French geant, gaiant, from Latin gigantem, accusative singular of gigās, from Ancient Greek Γίγᾱς (Gígās).

A giant (mythological or fantasy creature)


thurs

English: thurse

From Old English þyrs, from Proto-West Germanic *þuris, from Proto-Germanic *þurisaz. Forms with -u- are partly a native development of OE -y-, but are also due to influence from Old Norse þurs.


Termagaunt

English: Termagant

⇒ English: termagant

Borrowed from Old French Tervagant (most early forms reflect the original consonantism in -v-), from Old Italian Trivagante.


faierie

English: fairy, fairie, faerie, faery

Scots: fairy, faerie, faery

Borrowed from Old French faerie; equivalent to faie + -erie.

The land or domain in which magical or mythological creatures live; the Otherworld.

The occult, esoteric, or magical arts or a product of them used for illusion (e.g. a phantasm).

(as a collective) Magical or mythological beings, beasts, or creatures.

A magical or mythological being, beast, or creature.


Jafeth

desc

English: Japheth, Jafeth, Japhet, Iapheth

From Latin Iaphet, from Koine Greek Ἰάφεθ (Iápheth), from Hebrew יֶפֶת (yépheth).

And ſotheli Sem and Jafeth puttiden a mentil on her ſchuldris, and thei ȝeden bacward, and hileden the ſchameful membris of her fadir, and her faces weren turned awei, and thei ſien not the priuy membris of her fadir.

a. 1382, John Wycliffe, “Genesis 9:23”, in Wycliffe's Bible:

Due to that, Shem and Japheth put a mantle on their shoulders, and they went backwards and covered their father's nether regions, so that they didn't see their father's privates.


pultrie

English: poultry

Scots: pootry, poutrie

Yola: pultry

Borrowed from Old French pouleterie; equivalent to pulet + -erie or pulter + -ie.

(rare) A chicken coop or analogous structure; a place where poultry is kept.


werreyen

enm-verb

werreyen (third-person singular simple present werreyeth, present participle werreyende, werreyynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle werreyed)

werreyeth (present singular third-person)
werreyende (participle present)
werreyynge (participle present)
werreyed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
werreyen (infinitive)
to werreyen (infinitive)
werreye (infinitive)
werreye (first-person present singular)
werreyed (first-person past singular)
werreyest (present second-person singular)
werreyedest (past second-person singular)
werreyeth (present singular third-person)
werreyed (past singular third-person)
werreye (present singular subjunctive)
werreyed (past singular subjunctive)
werreye (imperative present singular)
werreyen (plural present)
werreye (plural present)
werreyeden (past plural)
werreyede (past plural)
werreyeth (imperative plural present)
werreye (imperative plural present)
werreyynge (participle present)
werreyende (participle present)
werreyed (participle past)
ywerreyed (participle past)

English: warray (obsolete)

Scots: warra (obsolete)

From Old French werreier, from Vulgar Latin *werrizāre.

To attack a religion, a deity, or a spiritual leader or figure; to enter into religious conflict.


trumpen

trumpen (infinitive)
to trumpen (infinitive)
trumpe (infinitive)
trumpe (first-person present singular)
trumped (first-person past singular)
trumpest (present second-person singular)
trumpedest (past second-person singular)
trumpeth (present singular third-person)
trumped (past singular third-person)
trumpe (present singular subjunctive)
trumped (past singular subjunctive)
trumpe (imperative present singular)
trumpen (plural present)
trumpe (plural present)
trumpeden (past plural)
trumpede (past plural)
trumpeth (imperative plural present)
trumpe (imperative plural present)
trumpynge (participle present)
trumpende (participle present)
trumped (participle past)
ytrumped (participle past)

English: trump

From Old French trumper; equivalent to trumpe + -en (infinitival suffix).


vertules

English: virtueless

Powerless, ineffective (in an occultic or astrological context)


susterhede

English: sisterhood (with change in suffix)


columpne

English: column

Scots: column

From Old French columne, from Latin columna.


faderhode

English: fatherhood

(rare) The state of being a cleric or ruler; authority.


moderhede

English: motherhood

The state of being a mother; motherhood (especially used of the Virgin Mary)


moderles

head

moderles (plural and weak singular moderlese)

moderlese (plural)
moderlese (singular weak)

English: motherless

From Old English mōdorlēas, from Proto-Germanic *mōdērlausaz; equivalent to moder + -les.


brotherhede

English: brotherhood, brotherred

Scots: britherheid

Inherited from Old English brōþorrǣden; equivalent to brother + -rede. However, usually remodelled as brother + -hede; sometimes the first element is changed to brether.

The entirety of believers in Christianity collectively; Christendom.


constitucioun

English: constitution

Borrowed from Old French constitucion, from Latin cōnstitūtiōnem, accusative singular of cōnstitūtiō.

A piece of legislation; an edict or legal instrument from secular authorities.


citeseyn

English: citizen

Scots: ceetizen

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman citesain, an alteration of citeain; equivalent to cite + -ein.

One who inhabits a state, area or province, especially if they are not a serf.


aley

English: alley

Scots: allay

→ Welsh: alai

Borrowed from Old French alee; more at English alley.


allien

allien (infinitive)
to allien (infinitive)
allie (infinitive)
allie (first-person present singular)
allied (first-person past singular)
alliest (present second-person singular)
alliedest (past second-person singular)
allieth (present singular third-person)
allied (past singular third-person)
allie (present singular subjunctive)
allied (past singular subjunctive)
allie (imperative present singular)
allien (plural present)
allie (plural present)
allieden (past plural)
alliede (past plural)
allieth (imperative plural present)
allie (imperative plural present)
alliynge (participle present)
alliende (participle present)
allied (participle past)
yallied (participle past)

English: ally

Scots: ally

From Old French alier, from Latin alligō, adligō.


hirdel

English: hurdle

Yola: hardhel

From Old English hyrdel, from Proto-West Germanic *hurdil, from Proto-Germanic *hurdilaz.

A frame or netting of intertwined twigs:

Used as a sled (often to store those sentenced to death)


askynge

English: asking

Scots: asking, askin

From Old English āscung, āxung (“asking; question; inquiry”); equivalent to axen + -ing.

Asking for something in prayer; supplication of a divinity.


trumpe

English: trump

Scots: trump

From Old French trompe, from Frankish *trumpa, *trumba, from an imitative Germanic word.

onomatopoeic

imitative

A trumpet, horn, or similar musical instrument.

One who uses or plays such an instrument.


trompour

From Old French trompeor, trompour; equivalent to trumpe + -our; some forms instead reflect trumpe + -er.

A trumpeter; a player of brass instruments.


patroun

English: patron, pattern

Scots: patron, pawtron

Yola: patroon

→ Irish: pátrún

From Old French patrone, from Latin patrōnus.

A ruler, leader or boss; a man who is in charge of a place:

A patron saint or divinity; a holy figure supervising an area.


coroune

English: crown (see there for further descendants)

Scots: croun, croon

→ Welsh: coron

From Anglo-Norman coroune, curune, corone, from Latin corōna, from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē).

(Judaism, historical) A golden stripe surrounding important historic Jewish artifacts.


corounen

corounen (infinitive)
to corounen (infinitive)
coroune (infinitive)
coroune (first-person present singular)
corouned (first-person past singular)
corounest (present second-person singular)
corounedest (past second-person singular)
corouneth (present singular third-person)
corouned (past singular third-person)
coroune (present singular subjunctive)
corouned (past singular subjunctive)
coroune (imperative present singular)
corounen (plural present)
coroune (plural present)
corouneden (past plural)
corounede (past plural)
corouneth (imperative plural present)
coroune (imperative plural present)
corounynge (participle present)
corounende (participle present)
corouned (participle past)
ycorouned (participle past)

English: crown

Scots: croun, croon

From Old French coroner (modern French couronner), from Latin corōnō; equivalent to coroune + -en (infinitival suffix).

To put a crown on one's head (often as a symbol of power or might):

(theology, rare) To raise a god or saint to a dignity.

To let or allow into a monastic community or grouping.

(theology) To raise a virtuous people to Heaven.

(Christianity) To install a high ecclesiastical figure.

(rare) To put the top portion of a brick wall on.


officen

officen (infinitive)
to officen (infinitive)
office (infinitive)
office (first-person present singular)
officed (first-person past singular)
officest (present second-person singular)
officedest (past second-person singular)
officeth (present singular third-person)
officed (past singular third-person)
office (present singular subjunctive)
officed (past singular subjunctive)
office (imperative present singular)
officen (plural present)
office (plural present)
officeden (past plural)
officede (past plural)
officeth (imperative plural present)
office (imperative plural present)
officynge (participle present)
officende (participle present)
officed (participle past)
yofficed (participle past)

From Old French officier (modern French officier), from Latin officiō; equivalent to office + -en (infinitival suffix).

(rare, Late Middle English) To execute a Christian worship service.


houselen

houselen (infinitive)
to houselen (infinitive)
housele (infinitive)
housele (first-person present singular)
houseled (first-person past singular)
houselest (present second-person singular)
houseledest (past second-person singular)
houseleth (present singular third-person)
houseled (past singular third-person)
housele (present singular subjunctive)
houseled (past singular subjunctive)
housele (imperative present singular)
houselen (plural present)
housele (plural present)
houseleden (past plural)
houselede (past plural)
houseleth (imperative plural present)
housele (imperative plural present)
houselynge (participle present)
houselende (participle present)
houseled (participle past)
yhouseled (participle past)

English: housel (archaic)

From Old English hūslian, from Proto-Germanic *hunslōną; equivalent to housel + -en (infinitival suffix).


storiyng

The making of such a narrative or chronicle.


magik

English: magic

Scots: magic

From Old French magique (noun and adjective), from Latin magicus (adjective), magica (noun), from Ancient Greek μαγικός (magikós, “magical”); equivalent to mages + -ik.

der

Information about the forces of nature and the practice of manipulating these for occult ends; magic, sorcery.


magik

English: magic

Scots: magic

(only in collocations, rare) magic, magical


disparagen

disparagen (infinitive)
to disparagen (infinitive)
disparage (infinitive)
disparage (first-person present singular)
disparaged (first-person past singular)
disparage (first-person past singular)
disparagest (present second-person singular)
disparagedest (past second-person singular)
disparagest (past second-person singular)
disparageth (present singular third-person)
disparaged (past singular third-person)
disparage (past singular third-person)
disparage (present singular subjunctive)
disparaged (past singular subjunctive)
disparage (past singular subjunctive)
disparage (imperative present singular)
disparagen (plural present)
disparage (plural present)
disparageden (past plural)
disparagede (past plural)
disparagen (past plural)
disparage (past plural)
disparageth (imperative plural present)
disparage (imperative plural present)
disparagynge (participle present)
disparagende (participle present)
disparaged (participle past)
disparage (participle past)
ydisparaged (participle past)

English: disparage (verb)

From Old French disparagier; equivalent to disparage + -en (infinitival suffix).

(rare) To shame or humiliate a divinity or god.


anteme

English: anthem
→ Welsh: anthem

Scots: anthem

From Old English antefn, antefen and Old French antiene, anteine, anteivne, both from Ecclesiastical Latin *antephōna, from Latin antiphōna, from Ancient Greek ἀντίφωνα (antíphōna).

A biblically-based chant; especially one sung before and after psalms (an antiphon).

(rare) A non-religious musical work or piece.


bedeman

q

obsolete <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">beadman</i>

English: beadsman (obsolete beadman)

Scots: bedesman

A petitioner; one who presents a petition or legal case.


weved

From Old English wēofod (“altar”). From wēoh (“idol, image”) + bed (“bed”), from Proto-Germanic *wīhą (“sacred place or thing”) and *badją (“plot, bed”).
Alternatively, the second component could be Old English bēod (“offering stage, dish”), from Proto-Germanic *beudaz (“offering stage”).

der

Þe king wende to Rome, to þan heȝe dome... he Peteres weofed þere wunliche isohte, brohte þer to lake his maðmes leofe

The king went to Rome, to the high church... he besought Peter's altar there with joy, and brought there as a gift his dear treasure

He makede bi þon weofede a swiðe wunsum fur; Niȝen siðen he bi-eode þat weofed for his neode

He made on the altar a swith winsome fire, nine since he cultivated that altar for his need

Oure lordes fflesch al-so Shal beo ysacred vp þe weued

Our Lord's flesh also shall be hallowed upon the altar


syment

English: cement (see there for further descendants)

Scots: siment, syment, symond, cement

Borrowed from Old French siment, from Latin caementum.

Cement, mortar, or a similar substance used in construction.


scorpioun

English: scorpion

Borrowed from Old French scorpion, from Latin scorpiō, from Ancient Greek σκορπῐ́ος (skorpĭ́os); reinforced by existing Old English sċorpio, from the same Latin source.

Scorpio as a constellation or zodiacal sign.


versifien

versifien (infinitive)
to versifien (infinitive)
versifie (infinitive)
versifie (first-person present singular)
versified (first-person past singular)
versifiest (present second-person singular)
versifiedest (past second-person singular)
versifieth (present singular third-person)
versified (past singular third-person)
versifie (present singular subjunctive)
versified (past singular subjunctive)
versifie (imperative present singular)
versifien (plural present)
versifie (plural present)
versifieden (past plural)
versifiede (past plural)
versifieth (imperative plural present)
versifie (imperative plural present)
versifiynge (participle present)
versifiende (participle present)
versified (participle past)
yversified (participle past)

English: versify

From Old French versifier, from Latin versificō; equivalent to vers + -ifien.


versifiour

English: versifier

From Old French versifieor; equivalent to versifien + -our.


translaten

translaten (infinitive)
to translaten (infinitive)
translate (infinitive)
translate (first-person present singular)
translated (first-person past singular)
translatest (present second-person singular)
translatedest (past second-person singular)
translateth (present singular third-person)
translated (past singular third-person)
translate (present singular subjunctive)
translated (past singular subjunctive)
translate (imperative present singular)
translaten (plural present)
translate (plural present)
translateden (past plural)
translatede (past plural)
translateth (imperative plural present)
translate (imperative plural present)
translatynge (participle present)
translatende (participle present)
translated (participle past)
translat (participle past)
ytranslated (participle past)
ytranslat (participle past)

English: translate

Borrowed from Old French translater, tranlater, borrowed itself from Latin trānslātus, past participle of trānsferō.

To move into Heaven without causing death.


parisshe

English: parish

Scots: pairish

Yola: parieshe, pariesh, paryshe

From Old French paroisse (some variants are influenced by Anglo-Norman paroche, parosse), from Late Latin parochia, from Latin paroecia, from Ancient Greek παροικία (paroikía).

A parish (governmental unit, either religious or secular)


parische chirche

enm-noun

parische chirche (plural parische chirches)

English: parish church


parissh prest

English: parish priest


parisshoner

English: parishioner


parisshen

From Old French paroissien, parochien; equivalent to parisshe + -ien.

his pariſſhens / deuoutly wolde he teche / Benygne he was / and wonder diligent / And in aduerſitee / ful pacient[…]

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “Here Bygynneth the Book of the Tales of Caunt́burẏ”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 8, recto, lines 482-484:

He would devoutly teach his parishioners; / he was gentle, truly diligent, / and so patient in adversity […]

(Late Middle English) A parish (ecclesiastical administrative division).

(rare, Late Middle English) The totality of a parish's parishioners.


Childermasse day

English: Childermas (day)


towayle

English: towel (see there for further descendants)

Scots: toul, tool, tooel

→ Irish: tuáille

From Old French toaille, from Early Medieval Latin toallia, from Frankish *þwahilu.

A drape for going over an altar or grave.


enhauncen

enm-verb

enhauncen (third-person singular simple present enhaunceth, present participle enhauncende, enhauncynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle enhaunced)

enhaunceth (present singular third-person)
enhauncende (participle present)
enhauncynge (participle present)
enhaunced (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
enhauncen (infinitive)
to enhauncen (infinitive)
enhaunce (infinitive)
enhaunce (first-person present singular)
enhaunced (first-person past singular)
enhauncest (present second-person singular)
enhauncedest (past second-person singular)
enhaunceth (present singular third-person)
enhaunced (past singular third-person)
enhaunce (present singular subjunctive)
enhaunced (past singular subjunctive)
enhaunce (imperative present singular)
enhauncen (plural present)
enhaunce (plural present)
enhaunceden (past plural)
enhauncede (past plural)
enhaunceth (imperative plural present)
enhaunce (imperative plural present)
enhauncynge (participle present)
enhauncende (participle present)
enhaunced (participle past)
yenhaunced (participle past)

English: enhance

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman enhauncer, from Vulgar Latin *inaltiāre. The second /n/ is an unetymological excrescence.

(rare, astrology) To be influential (of a planet).


bischopriche

English: bishopric

Scots: bishoprick

Inherited from Old English bisċoprīċe. Equivalent to bischop + -riche.


erchebischopriche

English: archbishopric

Inherited from Old English arċebisċoprīċe. Equivalent to erchebischop + -riche.


felawrede

From felawe + -rede. See fellow and rede.

The believers of a religion; a religious community.


felawshipen

felawshipen (infinitive)
to felawshipen (infinitive)
felawshipe (infinitive)
felawshipe (first-person present singular)
felawshiped (first-person past singular)
felawshipest (present second-person singular)
felawshipedest (past second-person singular)
felawshipeth (present singular third-person)
felawshiped (past singular third-person)
felawshipe (present singular subjunctive)
felawshiped (past singular subjunctive)
felawshipe (imperative present singular)
felawshipen (plural present)
felawshipe (plural present)
felawshipeden (past plural)
felawshipede (past plural)
felawshipeth (imperative plural present)
felawshipe (imperative plural present)
felawshipynge (participle present)
felawshipende (participle present)
felawshiped (participle past)
yfelawshiped (participle past)

English: fellowship

From felaweshipe + -en (infinitival suffix).


blessen

enm-verb

blessen (third-person singular simple present blesseth, present participle blessende, blessynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle blessed)

blesseth (present singular third-person)
blessende (participle present)
blessynge (participle present)
blessed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
blessen (infinitive)
to blessen (infinitive)
blesse (infinitive)
blesse (first-person present singular)
blessed (first-person past singular)
blessest (present second-person singular)
blessedest (past second-person singular)
blesseth (present singular third-person)
blessed (past singular third-person)
blesse (present singular subjunctive)
blessed (past singular subjunctive)
blesse (imperative present singular)
blessen (plural present)
blesse (plural present)
blesseden (past plural)
blessede (past plural)
blesseth (imperative plural present)
blesse (imperative plural present)
blessynge (participle present)
blessende (participle present)
blessed (participle past)
yblessed (participle past)

English: bless

Scots: bliss

Yola: bless

From Old English bletsian, from Proto-West Germanic *blōdisōn. Forms with /i/ are due to the influence of blisse (“bliss, joy”).

To bless or sanctify (grant divine favour to):

To ecclesiastically sanction or sanctify.

To solicit or petition for divine favour.

To bestow or assure salvation; to allow into heaven.

To praise or thank; to express gratitude towards:

(of a deity or saint) To praise in worship.


almerie

desc

English: ambry, almery, aumbrie, aumbry, ambery

Scots: aumry, amry, amery, aumbry, ambry

From Anglo-Norman almarie, aumer, etc., from Old French almarie, from Latin armārium.


syngeresse

English: singeress (obsolete)


syngster

English: singster (archaic)


syngyng

English: singing

Scots: singin

The performance of the sacrament of Mass.

(rare) The sound of wine undergoing fermentation.


lilie flour

English: lily flower


enchauntement

English: enchantment

From Old French enchantement; equivalent to enchaunten + -ment.


enchaunten

enchaunten (infinitive)
to enchaunten (infinitive)
enchaunte (infinitive)
enchaunte (first-person present singular)
enchaunted (first-person past singular)
enchauntest (present second-person singular)
enchauntedest (past second-person singular)
enchaunteth (present singular third-person)
enchaunted (past singular third-person)
enchaunte (present singular subjunctive)
enchaunted (past singular subjunctive)
enchaunte (imperative present singular)
enchaunten (plural present)
enchaunte (plural present)
enchaunteden (past plural)
enchauntede (past plural)
enchaunteth (imperative plural present)
enchaunte (imperative plural present)
enchauntynge (participle present)
enchauntende (participle present)
enchaunted (participle past)
yenchaunted (participle past)

English: enchant

Scots: enchant

From Old French enchanter; from Latin incantō; equivalent to en- + chaunten.

To enchant; to put under an enchantment.


enchaunteresse

English: enchantress

From Old French enchanteresse; equivalent to enchauntour + -esse.


enchauntynge

English: enchanting


chauntement

English: chantment (archaic)


chaunten

chaunten (infinitive)
to chaunten (infinitive)
chaunte (infinitive)
chaunte (first-person present singular)
chaunted (first-person past singular)
chauntest (present second-person singular)
chauntedest (past second-person singular)
chaunteth (present singular third-person)
chaunted (past singular third-person)
chaunte (present singular subjunctive)
chaunted (past singular subjunctive)
chaunte (imperative present singular)
chaunten (plural present)
chaunte (plural present)
chaunteden (past plural)
chauntede (past plural)
chaunteth (imperative plural present)
chaunte (imperative plural present)
chauntynge (participle present)
chauntende (participle present)
chaunted (participle past)
ychaunted (participle past)

English: chant

Scots: chant

From Old French chanter; from Latin cantāre.

To chant (to sing, especially in plainchant)


chauntynge

English: chanting


chauntour

English: chanter, chaunter

From Old French chanteor, from Latin cantor; equivalent to chaunten + -our.


chaunteresse

English: chantress

From Old French chanteresse; equivalent to chauntour + -esse.

A woman who participates or heads a choir.


dremen

enm-verb

dremen (third-person singular simple present dremeth, present participle dremynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative dremte, past participle dremt)

dremeth (present singular third-person)
dremynge (participle present)
dremte (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
dremt (participle past)
dremen (infinitive)
to dremen (infinitive)
dreme (infinitive)
dreme (first-person present singular)
drempte (first-person past singular)
dremed (first-person past singular)
dremest (present second-person singular)
dremptest (past second-person singular)
dremedest (past second-person singular)
dremeth (present singular third-person)
drempte (past singular third-person)
dremed (past singular third-person)
dreme (present singular subjunctive)
drempte (past singular subjunctive)
dremed (past singular subjunctive)
dreme (imperative present singular)
dremen (plural present)
dreme (plural present)
drempten (past plural)
drempte (past plural)
dremeden (past plural)
dremede (past plural)
dremeth (imperative plural present)
dreme (imperative plural present)
dremynge (participle present)
dremende (participle present)
drempt (participle past)
dremed (participle past)
ydrempt (participle past)
ydremed (participle past)

English: dream

From Anglian Old English drēman (West Saxon drīeman), from Proto-West Germanic *draumijan, from Proto-Germanic *draumijaną; equivalent to drem + -en (infinitival suffix). Forms with /ɛː/ are influenced by the noun.

(rare) To reverberate (of musical instruments)


commendacioun

English: commendation

From Old French commendacion, from Latin commendātiō; equivalent to commenden + -acioun.

The Christian ceremony where one is commended to God after death.


maundement

English: mandement, mandment (obsolete)

The entirety of a religion's law or strictures.


vynet

From Old French vignette; equivalent to vine + -et. Compare English vignette.

An ornamental depiction of vines (on buildings or books).


wiþerwine

enm-noun

wiþerwine (plural wiþerwines or (early) wiðerwinnen)

wiþerwines (plural)
wiðerwinnen (plural)

English: witherwin

From Old English wiþerwinna; equivalent to wither- + winnen.

c. 1480, St. Mary Magdalen 246 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 263

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

How þe ded he tholyt syne, to safe ws fra þe wethirwyne.


blasfemyng

English: blaspheming


blasfemour

English: blasphemer

From Old French blasfemeor; equivalent to blasfemen + -our, but sometimes remodelled as blasfemen + -er.


blasfemye

English: blasphemy

From Old French blasfemie, blasfeme, from Ecclesiastical Latin blasphēmia, from Ancient Greek βλασφημία (blasphēmía); equivalent to blasfemen + -ie.


payenie

Borrowed from Old French paienie; equivalent to payen + -ie; compare paynym.


ymageour

English: imager

From Old French imageor; equivalent to ymage + -our.

One who images or forms likenesses; an imager.


ymagerie

English: imagery

From Middle French imagerie; equivalent to ymage + -erie.

A sculpture (a piece of three-dimensional art)


Jewesse

English: Jewess (dated)

From Old French juiesse; equivalent to Jew + -esse.


Jewery

English: Jewry

From Old French juerie; equivalent to Jew + -erie.

Judah (southern region of the Holy Land)


Judew

From Latin iūdaeus, from Ancient Greek Ἰουδαῖος (Ioudaîos), from Hebrew יְהוּדִי (y'hudí); Doublet of Jew.


Judewissh

head

Judewissh (plural and weak singular Judewisshe)

Judewisshe (plural)
Judewisshe (singular weak)


iudeisc

From Old English Iūdēisċ; equivalent to Jude + -yssh.


pater noster

enm-noun

pater noster (plural pater nosters or pater noster)

pater nosters (plural)
pater noster (plural)

English: paternoster

From Old English Paternoster, from Latin Pater noster.


stacioun

desctree

English: station
→ Hindi: स्टेशन (sṭeśan)
→ Irish: stáisiún
→ Malay: stesen
→ Punjabi: سٹیشن/ਸਟੇਸ਼ਨ (sṭeśan)
→ Scottish Gaelic: stèisean
→ Swahili: stesheni
→ Urdu: سْٹیشَن (sṭeśan), اِسْٹیشَن (isṭeśan)

Scots: station

From Anglo-Norman estation, from Latin statiōnem, accusative of statiō (“outpost”).

(astronomy) The (seeming) fixedness of a planet or the Sun.


croken

croken (infinitive)
to croken (infinitive)
croke (infinitive)
croke (first-person present singular)
croked (first-person past singular)
crokest (present second-person singular)
crokedest (past second-person singular)
croketh (present singular third-person)
croked (past singular third-person)
croke (present singular subjunctive)
croked (past singular subjunctive)
croke (imperative present singular)
croken (plural present)
croke (plural present)
crokeden (past plural)
crokede (past plural)
croketh (imperative plural present)
croke (imperative plural present)
crokynge (participle present)
crokende (participle present)
croked (participle past)
ycroked (participle past)

English: crook

Scots: cruik

Yola: curk

From Old English *crōcian, from Proto-West Germanic *krōkōn; equivalent to crok + -en (infinitival suffix), ultimately from Old English *crōc (“crook, hook”).


crucifien

enm-verb

crucifien (third-person singular simple present crucifieth, present participle crucifiende, crucifiynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle crucified)

crucifieth (present singular third-person)
crucifiende (participle present)
crucifiynge (participle present)
crucified (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
crucifien (infinitive)
to crucifien (infinitive)
crucifie (first-person present singular)
crucified (first-person past singular)
crucifiest (present second-person singular)
crucifiedest (past second-person singular)
crucifieth (present singular third-person)
crucified (past singular third-person)
crucifie (present singular subjunctive)
crucified (past singular subjunctive)
crucifie (imperative present singular)
crucifien (plural present)
crucifie (plural present)
crucifieden (past plural)
crucifiede (past plural)
crucifieth (imperative plural present)
crucifie (imperative plural present)
crucifiynge (participle present)
crucifiende (participle present)
crucified (participle past)
ycrucified (participle past)

English: crucify

Scots: crucifee

Borrowed from Old French crucefier, from Late Latin crucificāre, from Latin crucifīgere.


conjuracioun

English: conjuration

Borrowed from Middle French conjuration, conjuracion, from Old French conjuracion, from Latin coniūrātiō; equivalent to conjuren + -acioun. Doublet of conjurisoun.


Ysaac

English: Isaac

The book of þe generacıoū of ıhū crıſt .· þe ſone of dauıd þe ſone of abꝛaham / abꝛaham bıgat yſaac / yſaac bıgat ıacob / ıacob bıgat ıudas ⁊ hıſe bꝛıþ̇en /

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 1:1–2, page 1r, column 2, lines 1–5; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:


Gwenyver

English: Guinevere

Bᵘᵗ Marlyon warned the kyng covertly that Gwenyuer was nat holſom for hym to take to wyff · For he warned hym that launcelot ſcholde love hir and ſche hym agayne · And ſo he turned his tale to the aventures of the Sankegreal ·

1470–1483 (date produced), Thom̃s Malleorre [i.e., Thomas Malory], “[The Tale of King Arthur]”, in Le Morte Darthur (British Library Additional Manuscript 59678), [England: s.n.], folio 35, recto, lines 22–25:

Alas ſeyde quene Gwenyu[er] now ar we myſcheved bothe //

1470–1483 (date produced), Thom̃s Malleorre [i.e., Thomas Malory], “[Morte Arthur]”, in Le Morte Darthur (British Library Additional Manuscript 59678), [England: s.n.], folio 451, verso, lines 13–14:

“Alas!” said Queen Guinevere, “now are we mischieved both!”


dampnable

English: damnable

Old French dampnable, from Latin damnabilis; equivalent to dampnen + -able.


dampnablely

English: damnably

a. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales, The Parson's Tale, section 38 https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Canterbury_Tales/The_Parson%27s_Prologue_and_Tale
I kan nat seye but that they doon cursedly and dampnably agayns Crist and al the feith of hooly chirche.


dampnacioun

English: damnation

From Old French dampnacion, from Latin damnatio; equivalent to dampnen + -acioun.

(religion) damnation (consignment to eternal punishment)


dampnynge

English: damning


condempnen

condempnen (third-person singular simple present condempneth, present participle condempnende, condempnynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle condempned)

condempneth (present singular third-person)
condempnende (participle present)
condempnynge (participle present)
condempned (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
condempnen (infinitive)
to condempnen (infinitive)
condempne (infinitive)
condempne (first-person present singular)
condempned (first-person past singular)
condempe (first-person past singular)
condempnest (present second-person singular)
condempnedest (past second-person singular)
condempest (past second-person singular)
condempneth (present singular third-person)
condempned (past singular third-person)
condempe (past singular third-person)
condempne (present singular subjunctive)
condempned (past singular subjunctive)
condempe (past singular subjunctive)
condempne (imperative present singular)
condempnen (plural present)
condempne (plural present)
condempneden (past plural)
condempnede (past plural)
condempen (past plural)
condempe (past plural)
condempneth (imperative plural present)
condempne (imperative plural present)
condempnynge (participle present)
condempnende (participle present)
condempned (participle past)
condemp (participle past)
ycondempned (participle past)
ycondemp (participle past)

English: condemn

Borrowed from Old French condamner, from Latin condemnō; compare dampnen.

(religion, rare) to damn (consign to hell)


condempnacioun

English: condemnation

From Latin condemnātiō, condemnātiōnem; equivalent to condempnen + -acioun.

(religion, rare) damnation (consignment to eternal punishment)


Arthure

English: Arthur

ye ſeyde kyng Arthure I love Gwenyvere the kyngꝭ doughtir of lodegrean of þᵉ londe of Camelerde the whyche holdyth In his houſe the table rounde that ye tolde me he had hit of my fadir Vther · And this dameſell is the moſte valyaunte and fayryſt that I know lyvyng, or yet that eu[er] I coude fynde

1470–1483 (date produced), Thom̃s Malleorre [i.e., Thomas Malory], “[The Tale of King Arthur]”, in Le Morte Darthur (British Library Additional Manuscript 59678), [England: s.n.], folio 35, recto, lines 11–16:


vexynge

English: vexing


Camelerde

(Arthurian legend) Cameliard (the estate of the young Guinevere and her father, King Leodegrance)


Lodegrean

(Arthurian legend) Leodegrance (the father of Queen Guinevere)


Balyne

God thanke youre hyghneſſe ſeyde Balyne youre bounte may no man prayſe halff vnto the valew butt at thys tyme I muſte nedis dep[ar]te beſechynge you all way of youre good grace //

1470–1483 (date produced), Thom̃s Malleorre [i.e., Thomas Malory], “[The Tale of King Arthur]”, in Le Morte Darthur (British Library Additional Manuscript 59678), [England: s.n.], folio 23, verso, lines 19–21:


rounde table

English: Round Table

Than the moſte p[ar]ty of þe knyghtꝭ of the rounde table ſeyde that Balyne dud nat þis aduenture ony by myght but by wycche crauffte //

1470–1483 (date produced), Thom̃s Malleorre [i.e., Thomas Malory], “[The Tale of King Arthur]”, in Le Morte Darthur (British Library Additional Manuscript 59678), [England: s.n.], folio 23, verso, lines 26–28:

Then the majority of the knights of the Round Table said that Balin didn't do that adventure only with might, but with witchcraft as well.


medeful

→ English: meedful (calque)

(religion) beneficial, praiseworthy, effective


pagent

English: pageant

From Medieval Latin pagina (“play in a cycle of mystery plays”), perhaps from Latin pāgina (“a written page, leaf, sheet”).


vaute

English: vault

Scots: vowt

→ Welsh: fowt

From Old French volte, from Latin voluta, modification of volūta.

An arched supporting structure; a vault.

A chamber or cellar, especially if vaulted.


scisme

English: schism

Scots: schism

From Old French cisme, from Ancient Greek σχίσμα (skhísma).


scismatik

English: schismatic

From Middle French scismatique, from Latin schismaticus; compare scisme.


passioun

English: passion, Passion

Scots: passion, patient

From Old French passion, or in part from late Old English passio, passion (“Christ's passion”), from Latin passio (“suffering”), noun of action from perfect passive participle passus (“suffered”), from deponent verb pati (“suffer”).

inh

Þe uerþe article belongeþ to his passion. — Ayenbite of Inwyt, c1340

Hij þat hated þe gloried hem in-myddes of þy passion. — Midland Prose Psalter, c1350

He that felyth payne and passion Desyrith sore aftir alleggeaunce.

Þer was ane vsurar þat lay in passions of dead.

Trewli I deme, that the passions of this tyme ben not euene worthi to the glorie to comynge, that schal be schewid in vs.

c. 1382–1395, John Wycliffe [et al.], edited by Josiah Forshall and Frederic Madden, The Holy Bible, […], volume IV, Oxford: At the University Press, published 1850, →OCLC, Romans 8:18, page 172, column 1:

Truly I deem, that the passions of this time are not even worthy to the glory to come, that shall be shown in us.
[King James Version: For I reckon that the sufferings of this present time are not worthy to be compared with the glory which shall be revealed in us.]

passion, suffering (that which must be endured)

(rare) passiveness (state of being acted upon)


actyf

English: active

Scots: ackie

From Old French actif, from Latin āctīvus; equivalent to acte + -yf.

(Christianity) worldly, secular (of living)


actyf

English: active

(Christianity) One who is occupied with secular concerns.


cocatrice

English: cockatrice

Borrowed from Old French cocatriz, from Late Latin calcātrīx.


basilicke

English: basilisk

Borrowed from Old French basilique, from Latin basiliscus, from Ancient Greek βασιλίσκος (basilískos).

(rare, alchemy) A formula for transmutation.


braunchen

braunchen (infinitive)
to braunchen (infinitive)
braunche (infinitive)
braunche (first-person present singular)
braunched (first-person past singular)
braunchest (present second-person singular)
braunchedest (past second-person singular)
brauncheth (present singular third-person)
braunched (past singular third-person)
braunche (present singular subjunctive)
braunched (past singular subjunctive)
braunche (imperative present singular)
braunchen (plural present)
braunche (plural present)
brauncheden (past plural)
braunchede (past plural)
brauncheth (imperative plural present)
braunche (imperative plural present)
braunchynge (participle present)
braunchende (participle present)
braunched (participle past)

English: branch

From braunche + -en (infinitival suffix).

(theology, rare) To distinguish kinds of morality.


gemow

English: gemel; gimbal; jimmer (influenced by Latin)

Borrowed from Old French gemel, from Latin gemellus.


raby

English: rabbi

Scots: rabbi

Borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin rabbī and from its source Koine Greek ῥαββί (rhabbí); ultimately from Hebrew רבי.

bor+

and iheſu turnyde and ſai hem ſuynge hym .· ⁊ ſeith to hem / what ſeken ȝe .·? ⁊ þei ſeiden to hym / rabi · þat is to ſeie maiſtir / where dwelliſt þou .·?

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Joon 1:39, page 43v, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

Jesus turned around and saw them following him; he asked them, "Is there anything you need?" They answered, "Rabbi (meaning "teacher"), where are you staying?"

master, teacher, rabbi (spiritual leader)


dignyte

English: dignity

Borrowed from Old French dignite, from Latin dignitās, dignitātem; equivalent to digne + -ite. Doublet of deynte and deynteth.

(astrology) The heightened influence of a planet.


moldewarpe

desc

English: mouldwarp, modiwarp, molewarp, moldwarp, modiwort, moldiwarp, moudiwarp, moudiwart, moudiewarp, mowdiwart, mowdiwort

Scots: malwart

From Old English *moldeweorpe, from Proto-Germanic *muldawurpiz (“earth-thrower, mole”). Compare werpen.


mukken

mukken (infinitive)
to mukken (infinitive)
mukke (infinitive)
mukke (first-person present singular)
mukked (first-person past singular)
mukkest (present second-person singular)
mukkedest (past second-person singular)
mukketh (present singular third-person)
mukked (past singular third-person)
mukke (present singular subjunctive)
mukked (past singular subjunctive)
mukke (imperative present singular)
mukken (plural present)
mukke (plural present)
mukkeden (past plural)
mukkede (past plural)
mukketh (imperative plural present)
mukke (imperative plural present)
mukkynge (participle present)
mukkende (participle present)
mukked (participle past)
ymukked (participle past)

English: muck

Scots: muck

From muk (“muck”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


paxbrede

pax (tablet with carved religious image)