abbey

English: abbey

Scots: aibbey, aibey

Borrowed from Old French abaie, from Late Latin or Ecclesiastical Latin abbātia. Doublet of abbathie.


in

English: inn

Scots: inn

Any kind of accommodation; particularly:

A holiday home or guesthouse; a house set up as accommodation.

An inn or hostel; a building with multiple rooms to let.

For who so wolde senge a cattes skyn / Thanne wolde the cat wel dwellen in his In

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The Tale of the Wẏf of Bathe”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 62, recto:

For if someone wants to singe a cat’s skin, the cat would rather stay in its house.

A home or house; habitation or housing one lives in.


in

English: in

Scots: in, i, i'

Yola: ing, in, yn, i, ee, eee

From Old English in, from Proto-Germanic *in.

in; with the following special senses:
wearing, having on, clad in


hospital

English: hospital (see there for further descendants)

Scots: hospital

Borrowed from Old French hospital, from Latin hospitālis, hospitāle. Doublet of hostel.

The Knights Hospitaller (a religious order)


hostel

English: hostel

Scots: hostel

→ Middle Cornish: ostel

Cornish: ostel

Borrowed from Old French hostel, ostel, from Latin hospitāle. Doublet of hospital.


store

English: store

Scots: store

→ Welsh: stôr

From Anglo-Norman stor, estour, ultimately from Latin instaurare. Compare warnestore.


court

English: court (see there for further descendants)

Scots: court, coort

Borrowed from Old French cort, curt, from Latin cōrs, contraction of cohors, cohortem.

A court of law; the body which administers justice:


fane

English: fane, vane

Scots: fane, faan, thane, phane

Inherited from Old English fana, from Proto-West Germanic *fanō, from Proto-Germanic *fanô; doublet of fanon.

A flag borne on sea-going vessels, especially a long triangular one.


bern

English: barn

Scots: bern

Yola: barrn

From Old English bearn, contracted forms of Old English berern, bereærn (“barn, granary”). Equivalent to bere + -ern.

whos wynewing cloþ is in his hond .· ⁊ he ſchal fulli clenſe his coꝛn flooꝛ / and he ſchal gadere his wheete in to his berne .· but þe chaf he ſchal bꝛenne wiþ fier þat mai not be quenchid

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 3:12, page 2r, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

His winnowing fan is in his hand; he'll fully clean his threshing-floor, he'll gather up his wheat into his barn, and he'll burn the chaff with unquenchable fire.


celle

English: cell

Scots: cell

From Old English cell and Old French cele, selle, both from Latin cella, from Proto-Italic *kelnā; compare halle.

A private place, room, or building for habitation.

(figuratively) A place of entrapment or confinement.


dweller

English: dweller

Yola: dwellerès, dwelleres (plural)


chapitre

English: chapter; chapiter

Scots: chaipter

Borrowed from Old French chapitre, from Latin capitulum.

A chapterhouse; a building hosting such a group.


halle

Alternative form of hale (“hale (temporary structure for housing, entertaining, eating meals, etc.)”)


mansioun

English: mansion

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman mansion, mansiun, from Latin mansiō.

A place where one makes their home or dwells; a home:

A house, hostel, palace, etc; a purpose-built dwelling or habitation.

(figurative) The abode of a human behaviour.

(rare) A temporary waypoint on a journey.


hous

hous (plural)
houses (plural)
housen (plural)

English: house (see there for further descendants)

Geordie English: hoose

Scots: hoose

Yola: heouse, houze, howze

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH-der.?
Proto-Germanic *hūsą
Proto-West Germanic *hūs
Old English hūs
Middle English hous
From Old English hūs, from Proto-West Germanic *hūs, from Proto-Germanic *hūsą.
Cognate with Dutch huis, German Low German Huus, German Haus, Danish hus, Faroese hús, Icelandic hús, Norwegian Bokmål hus, Norwegian Nynorsk hus, Swedish hus.

etymon

[…]if ony of þi puple Iſrael biſechiþ, and knowiþ his veniaunce and ſikenesse, and if he ſpꝛediþ abꝛood hiſe hondis in þis hows[…]

a. 1382, John Wycliffe, “2 Paralipomenon 6:29”, in Wycliffe's Bible:

[…] If any of your people Israel prays, and knows their destruction and disease, and spreads his hands to this temple […]


chete

Inherited from Anglian Old English ċēte (West Saxon *ċīete, ċȳte).

University of Michigan
w:University of Michigan


castel

English: castle
→ Tongan: kāsolo

Scots: castle

→ Scottish Gaelic: caisteal

From late Old English castel, castell, borrowed from Latin castellum, diminutive of castrum. Reinforced by Anglo-Norman/Old Northern French castel, itself also from castellum.


hengen

From Old English henġen, from Proto-West Germanic *hangini.

(Early Middle English, hapax) imprisonment


saven

enm-verb

saven (third-person singular simple present saveth, present participle savynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle saved)

saveth (present singular third-person)
savynge (participle present)
saved (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
saven (infinitive)
to saven (infinitive)
save (infinitive)
save (first-person present singular)
saved (first-person past singular)
savest (present second-person singular)
savedest (past second-person singular)
saveth (present singular third-person)
saved (past singular third-person)
save (present singular subjunctive)
saved (past singular subjunctive)
save (imperative present singular)
saven (plural present)
save (plural present)
saveden (past plural)
savede (past plural)
saveth (imperative plural present)
save (imperative plural present)
savynge (participle present)
savende (participle present)
saved (participle past)
ysaved (participle past)

English: save

Geordie English: syev

Scots: safe, sauf

Borrowed from Old French salver, sauver, from Latin salvō, salvāre; equivalent to sauf (“safe”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

(transitive, intransitive) To preserve or store:

To securely keep or lock away (goods or a person)


rof

English: roof

Geordie English: ruif, reuf

Scots: ruf, ruif

From Old English hrōf, from Proto-Germanic *hrōfą.

Any sort of cover, especially one that provides shelter.


librarie

English: library (see there for further descendants)

Scots: leebrary

From Anglo-Norman librarie, ultimately from Latin librarium.


oratorie

English: oratory

From Anglo-Norman oratorie, Middle French oratoire, and their source, Late Latin ōrātōrium.


maner

English: manor

Scots: maner

→ Middle Irish: mainér

Irish: mainéar

Borrowed from Old French manoir, from Latin manēre (“to stay”).


lenden

lenden (infinitive)
to lenden (infinitive)
lende (infinitive)
lende (first-person present singular)
lente (first-person past singular)
lende (first-person past singular)
lendest (present second-person singular)
lentest (past second-person singular)
lendest (past second-person singular)
lendeth (present singular third-person)
lente (past singular third-person)
lende (past singular third-person)
lende (present singular subjunctive)
lente (past singular subjunctive)
lende (past singular subjunctive)
lende (imperative present singular)
lenden (plural present)
lende (plural present)
lenten (past plural)
lente (past plural)
lenden (past plural)
lende (past plural)
lendeth (imperative plural present)
lende (imperative plural present)
lendynge (participle present)
lendende (participle present)
lent (participle past)
lend (participle past)
ylent (participle past)
ylend (participle past)

From Old English lendan, from Proto-West Germanic *landijan, from Proto-Germanic *landijaną; compare londen.

To come; to go near:
To arrive; to reach one's destination.

To come; to go near:
To arrive at shore; to land.

To come; to go near:
To come together; to come to another.

To come; to go near:
To come upon; to light upon.

To dwell, stay; to make accommodation:
(usually negated) To wait; to stay put.

To dwell, stay; to make accommodation:
To wait; to stay put.

To settle; to house; to give accommodation.


bour

English: bower

Scots: bour

From Old English būr, from Proto-West Germanic *būr, from Proto-Germanic *būraz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-.


chapele

desctree

English: chapel
→ Japanese: チャペル (chaperu)
→ Korean: 채플 (chaepeul)

Scots: chapel

Yola: chapaal

From Old French chapele, from Late Latin cappella.

A chapel (minor place of Christian worship).


prisoun

English: prison

Scots: preeson

From late Anglo-Norman prisoun, spelt prisun in early Anglo-Norman. Ultimately from Latin prehensiō, prehensiōnem.

prison, jail, dungeon (place where captives are held)


dwellen

dwelen (infinitive)
to dwelen (infinitive)
dwele (infinitive)
dwele (first-person present singular)
dweled (first-person past singular)
dwelte (first-person past singular)
dwelest (present second-person singular)
dweledest (past second-person singular)
dweltest (past second-person singular)
dweleth (present singular third-person)
dweled (past singular third-person)
dwelte (past singular third-person)
dwele (present singular subjunctive)
dweled (past singular subjunctive)
dwelte (past singular subjunctive)
dwele (imperative present singular)
dwelen (plural present)
dwele (plural present)
dweleden (past plural)
dwelede (past plural)
dwelten (past plural)
dwelte (past plural)
dweleth (imperative plural present)
dwele (imperative plural present)
dwelynge (participle present)
dwelende (participle present)
dweled (participle past)
dwelt (participle past)
ydweled (participle past)
ydwelt (participle past)

English: dwell

Scots: dwall

From Old English dwellan (with semantic influence from Old Norse dvelja), from Proto-West Germanic *dwalljan, from Proto-Germanic *dwaljaną.

To dwell; to remain:
To remain or stay (in a location)

To dwell; to remain:
To live, reside, or inhabit.

(figurative) To become settled or established (with).

To last; to persist:
To be left; to remain in possession.

To be left over; to remain (of a portion).


cloistre

English: cloister

Scots: closter (< closter)

From Old French cloistre, from Medieval Latin claustrum.

A monastery or cloister; a place where a monastic lifestyle is practiced.

A cloister (roofed path, especially at a monastic complex)

That which is cloistered; a confined location.


housen

enm-verb

housen (third-person singular simple present houseth, present participle housende, housynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle housed)

houseth (present singular third-person)
housende (participle present)
housynge (participle present)
housed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
housen (infinitive)
to housen (infinitive)
house (infinitive)
house (first-person present singular)
housed (first-person past singular)
housest (present second-person singular)
housedest (past second-person singular)
houseth (present singular third-person)
housed (past singular third-person)
house (present singular subjunctive)
housed (past singular subjunctive)
house (imperative present singular)
housen (plural present)
house (plural present)
houseden (past plural)
housede (past plural)
houseth (imperative plural present)
house (imperative plural present)
housynge (participle present)
housende (participle present)
housed (participle past)
yhoused (participle past)

English: house

Scots: house, hoose

Inherited from Old English hūsian, from Proto-West Germanic *hūsōn, from Proto-Germanic *hūsōną; equivalent to hous + -en (infinitival suffix).

To accommodate or lodge; to have as a guest:

To give out accommodations (to someone).

To shelter or reside (in a house or building)

To build, construct (houses or buildings).

To set up or arrange accommodation (in a building)


gerner

English: garner

Scots: girnel, garnel

Borrowed from Old French gernier, grenier, from Latin grānārium; equivalent to greyn + -er.

Wel koude he keepe / a Gerner and a Bynne / Ther was noon Auditour / koude on hym wynne

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “Here Bygynneth the Book of the Tales of Caunt́burẏ”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 9, verso:

He could keep a granary and a grain-bin well, / and there was no auditor who could best him.

A granary; a building for storing grain.


cleve

English: cleve

Inherited from Old English clēofa, from Proto-Germanic *klebô.


tolsey

English: tolsey


chirche

English: church

Geordie English: chorch, kirk

Scots: kirk

Yola: chourch

/ˈt͡ʃɛrt͡ʃ(ə)/

From Old English ċiriċe, from Proto-West Germanic *kirikā, borrowed from Ancient Greek κυριακόν (kuriakón).

Foꝛ ouer ſithon ne · foꝛ baren. hi nouther circe ne cyrceiard. oc namen al þe god ð þar inne ƿaſ. ⁊ brenden ſythen þe cyrce ⁊ al te gædere.

p. 1154, “AD 1137”, in Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (MS. Laud Misc. 636, continuation), Peterborough, folio 89, verso; republished at Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 2018 February 8:

Because after a while, they spared neither churches or churchyards, but stole all the valuables within them before burning the church and everything in it.

Roman Catholic Church
Roman Catholic Church


Newgate

English: Newgate


mylne

desctree

English: mill
Sranan Tongo: miri
→ Hindi: मिल (mil)

Scots: mill, mull

Yola: mile

From Old English mylen, from Proto-West Germanic *mulīnu.

A mill; a grinding apparatus or a building housing one:


sege

English: siege

Scots: siege

Borrowed from Old French sege, siege, from Vulgar Latin *sēdicum, from sēdēs.

A siege; an attack or assault on a walled city:


bochous

From Old English bōchus; equivalent to bok + hous.


salthous

English: salthouse

From Old English sealthūs; equivalent to salt + hous.


armurie

English: armory, armoury

From Old French armoierie; equivalent to armure + -ie.


universite

English: university

Scots: university, universitie

From Anglo-Norman université, from Latin ūniversitātem, accusative of ūniversitās; equivalent to universe + -ite.

A university or college (a facility offering tertiary education and higher learning).


tolboth

English: tollbooth

Scots: towebuith

A tollhouse or tollbooth; a facility that tolls or fees are paid at.


byndynge

English: binding

Scots: bindin

A tie, binding or knot; that which binds:


gramere scole

English: grammar school

From gramere (“(Latin) grammar”) + scole (“school”).

af

grammar school (school that teaches Latin)


warderobe

English: wardrobe

Scots: wardrop (obsolete)

From Old Northern French warderoube; equivalent to ward + robe.

A small room or other location where clothing is stored for use; a wardrobe.


jewell hous

A location where the English royal valuables were stored.


skynnery

English: skinnery


paleys

English: palace

Scots: pallace

From Old French palais, paleis, from Latin palātium, from Palātium (“Palatine Hill”).

A palace; an official ornate dwelling of a high official.


heggynge

English: hedging

Scots: hedgin

(rare) A hedge or fence that looks like a hedge.


hospitalite

English: hospitality

Middle Scots: hospitalitie

Borrowed from Old French hospitalité, from Latin hospitālitās; by surface analysis, hospital + -ite.


hospiteler

English: hospitaller, hospitaler

Borrowed from Middle French hospitalier; equivalent to hospital + -er. Some forms have the vowel of Medieval Latin hospitulārius.


hostelen

enm-verb

hostelen (third-person singular simple present hosteleth, present participle hostelende, hostelynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle hosteled)

hosteleth (present singular third-person)
hostelende (participle present)
hostelynge (participle present)
hosteled (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
hostelen (infinitive)
to hostelen (infinitive)
hostele (first-person present singular)
hosteled (first-person past singular)
hostelest (present second-person singular)
hosteledest (past second-person singular)
hosteleth (present singular third-person)
hosteled (past singular third-person)
hostele (present singular subjunctive)
hosteled (past singular subjunctive)
hostele (imperative present singular)
hostelen (plural present)
hostele (plural present)
hosteleden (past plural)
hostelede (past plural)
hosteleth (imperative plural present)
hostele (imperative plural present)
hostelynge (participle present)
hostelende (participle present)
hosteled (participle past)
yhosteled (participle past)

From Old French hosteler, osteler; equivalent to hostel + -en (infinitival suffix).

(rare) To provide or use accommodation; to lodge.


brewhous

English: brewhouse

A brewhouse or brewery; a place for making beer.

(rare) A inn or tavern with an on-site brewery.


parische chirche

enm-noun

parische chirche (plural parische chirches)

English: parish church


parisshen

From Old French paroissien, parochien; equivalent to parisshe + -ien.

(rare, Late Middle English) The totality of a parish's parishioners.


dwellynge

English: dwelling


dongeoun

English: dungeon, donjon

Scots: dungeon

Borrowed from Old French donjon (“main residence of a castle, fortified tower”). The sense "underground cell below the keep of a castle", first attested in Anglo-Norman (13th c.) and not in other varieties of Old French, may have been influenced by the etymologically unrelated Old English dung (“underground prison cell”). An early manuscript (c1300) of the Middle English poem A disputacion bytwene þe bodi and þe soule uses the word "donge" in the same line, cited below, where the later Vernon manuscript (c. 1380-1400) uses the word "dungoun" ("Þe erþe hemsulf it lek aȝeyn, Anon þe donge it was fordit").

m+

The eorthe closede hit self aȝeyn, And the dungoun was for-dit.

c. 1325 – 1390, A disputacion bytwene þe bodi and þe soule, (Vernon manuscript)


wyndmylne

English: windmill

Equivalent to wynd + mylne; compare parallel formations in other West Germanic languages such as Middle Dutch wintmōlen.


housynge

English: housing

Scots: housin, housing

From either hous (“house”) or housen (“to shelter, house”) + -ing.


warysshen

warysshen (infinitive)
to warysshen (infinitive)
warysshe (infinitive)
warysshe (first-person present singular)
warysshed (first-person past singular)
warysshte (first-person past singular)
warysshest (present second-person singular)
warysshedest (past second-person singular)
warysshtest (past second-person singular)
waryssheth (present singular third-person)
warysshed (past singular third-person)
warysshte (past singular third-person)
warysshe (present singular subjunctive)
warysshed (past singular subjunctive)
warysshte (past singular subjunctive)
warysshe (imperative present singular)
warysshen (plural present)
warysshe (plural present)
waryssheden (past plural)
warysshede (past plural)
warysshten (past plural)
warysshte (past plural)
waryssheth (imperative plural present)
warysshe (imperative plural present)
warysshynge (participle present)
warysshende (participle present)
warysshed (participle past)
waryssht (participle past)
ywarysshed (participle past)
ywaryssht (participle past)

English: warish (obsolete)

Borrowed from Old Northern French wariss-, extended stem of warir (central Old French garir, guarir), from Frankish *warjan, from Proto-Germanic *warjaną. Doublet of weren (“to protect”); also compare warisoun.

bor+

Thanne were myn herte / Al warisshed of his bittre peynes smerte.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Frankeleyns Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:

To cure; to cause recovery or improvement.


housles

English: houseless

Possibly from an Old English *hūslēas, from Proto-West Germanic *hūsalaus, from Proto-Germanic *hūsalausaz.
Alternatively, but less likely, this word may have been formed anew, possibly as a calque of Old Norse húslauss or Middle Dutch huusloos; in any case, equivalent to hous + -les.


gayole

English: jail, gaol

Scots: jile, jyle

/ɡæi̯ˈɔːl(ə)/

/ɡaːˈɔːl(ə)/

/d͡ʒæi̯ˈɔːl(ə)/

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman jaiole, gaiole, from Latin caveola. Forms with /v/ probably reflect Old French forms that retain the medial labial of Latin caveola.

jail, prison (place for confining prisoners)


gayoler

English: jailer, gaoler

Scots: jiler

→ Middle Irish: seigléir

Irish: séiléir, séileoir

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman jaiolier, gaiolier; equivalent to gayole + -er. For forms with /v/, see gayole.

His yonge sone, that three yeer was of age,
Un-to him seyde, ‘fader, why do ye wepe?

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Monk's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 3621-3624

Is ther no morsel breed that ye do kepe?’
His young son, who was three years of age,
Unto him said, ‘Father, why do you weep?
When will the jailer bring our soup,
Is there no morsel of bread that you do keep?’


pynden

enm-verb

pynden (third-person singular simple present pyndeth, present participle pyndynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative pynde, past participle pynd)

pyndeth (present singular third-person)
pyndynge (participle present)
pynde (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
pynd (participle past)
pynden (infinitive)
to pynden (infinitive)
pynde (infinitive)
pynde (first-person present singular)
pynde (first-person past singular)
pynded (first-person past singular)
pyndest (present second-person singular)
pyndest (past second-person singular)
pyndedest (past second-person singular)
pyndeth (present singular third-person)
pynde (past singular third-person)
pynded (past singular third-person)
pynde (present singular subjunctive)
pynde (past singular subjunctive)
pynded (past singular subjunctive)
pynde (imperative present singular)
pynden (plural present)
pynde (plural present)
pynden (past plural)
pynde (past plural)
pyndeden (past plural)
pyndede (past plural)
pyndeth (imperative plural present)
pynde (imperative plural present)
pyndynge (participle present)
pyndende (participle present)
pynd (participle past)
pynded (participle past)
ypynd (participle past)
ypynded (participle past)

English: pind (dialectal)

Middle Scots: poynd, puynd

Scots: pund, puind, poind, pynd, pind

→ English: poind

Inherited from Old English *pyndan (and derived ġepyndan), from Proto-West Germanic *pundijan; compare pound.

To enclose or confine; to set up boundaries:

(of animals) To shut up in a pound; to impound.

(figuratively, rare) To check or restrain oneself.


countour

English: counter, compter

Scots: counter, coonter

Borrowed from Old French conteor and Middle French contoir; equivalent to counte (“computation”) + -our.