cod

English: cod

Scots: cod

From Old English codd (“bag, pouch”), from Proto-West Germanic *koddō, from Proto-Germanic *kuddô, from Proto-Indo-European *gewt- (“pouch, sack”), from *gew- (“to bend, bow, arch, vault, curve”). The "pillow" sense is from Old Danish kodde or Old Norse koddi, from the same Proto-Germanic source.

der

A seedpod; a plant's natural casing for its seeds.

A pillow or cushion; a piece of cushioning.

(rare) The gullet, windpipe or esophagus.

(rare) A ball bearing; a metal ball acting to cushion.


in

English: inn

Scots: inn

Any kind of accommodation; particularly:

A holiday home or guesthouse; a house set up as accommodation.

For who so wolde senge a cattes skyn / Thanne wolde the cat wel dwellen in his In

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The Tale of the Wẏf of Bathe”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 62, recto:

For if someone wants to singe a cat’s skin, the cat would rather stay in its house.

A home or house; habitation or housing one lives in.


see

English: see

Borrowed from Old French sei, from Latin sedes.


vessel

English: vessel

Scots: veshel

Yola: veseal

Borrowed from Old French vaissel, vessel, from Late Latin vāscellum.

A container or vessel; a box for storage:

A vessel; any open container used in the kitchen:

(by extension) A piece of cookware; a container used for cooking.

Blood vessels; the tubes that blood travels in.


hospital

English: hospital (see there for further descendants)

Scots: hospital

Borrowed from Old French hospital, from Latin hospitālis, hospitāle. Doublet of hostel.

The Knights Hospitaller (a religious order)


bath

English: bath

Scots: bath

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₁-
Proto-Germanic *baþą
Proto-West Germanic *baþ
Old English bæþ
Middle English bath
Inherited from Old English bæþ, from Proto-West Germanic *baþ, from Proto-Germanic *baþą.


pot

English: pot

Scots: pott, pat

From Old English pott and Old French pot, both ultimately from Proto-Germanic *puttaz, from Proto-Indo-European *budnós.

A pot; a circular receptacle or vessel:
A cookpot (a pot used for cooking in)


fustian

English: fustian

⇒ Scots: foustie

Borrowed from Old French fustaine, from Medieval Latin fūstāneum.

Of fustian he wered a gypon / Al bismotered with his habergeoun, / For he was late ycome from his viage, / And wente for to doon his pilgrymage.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “(please specify the story)”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, lines 75-8:

He wore a fustian tunic, / all smothered [with rust]] from his habergeon / because he'd lately returned from his travels / and went to make his pilgrimage.

A cloth made of cotton, flax or wool, being the ancestor of modern fustian.


lady

enm-noun

lady (plural ladies, genitive ladies or lady)

ladies (plural)
ladies (genitive)
lady (genitive)

English: lady (see there for further descendants)

Scots: lady, leddy

Yola: laady

From Old English hlǣfdīġe, in turn from hlāf (“bread, loaf”) + *dīġe (“maid”).

And whanne the aungel of the Lord hadde foundun hir biside the welle of water in wildirnes, the which is in the / weye of Sur in desert, he seide to hir, Agar, the hand mayden of Saray, whens comyst thow, and whithir gost thow? / The which answeride, Fro the face of Saray my ladi I flee.

c. 1382, John Wycliffe, transl., Wycliffe's Bible, Genesis 16:7–9:

And when the angel of the Lord had found her in the wilderness beside the spring of water, which is in the desert on the way to Shur, he said to her, "Hagar, handmaiden of Sarai, where have you come from, and where are you going?" She answered, "I am fleeing from the face of Sarai, my lady".

A woman with authority or leadership:
A lady (mistress of a household)


table

English: table (see there for further descendants)

Geordie English: tyeble

Scots: table

→ Welsh: tabl

From a combination of Old French table and Old English tabele, tabul, tablu, tabule, tabula, both from Latin tabula.

A table (furniture with a level surface):

The top of a table (flat surface of a table for use)

(figurative) A location where one's soul receives nutrition.

(figurative) A serving or portion of food.

(biblical) The physical Ten Commandments handed down from heaven.


buffet

desctree

English: buffet, beaufet (archaic) (remodelled after modern French)
→ Japanese: ビュッフェ (byuffe)
→ Korean: 뷔페 (bwipe)

⇒ Scots: buffet stule

Borrowed from Middle French bufet (“side table”), from Old French bufet, of unknown origin.

bor+

primus tortor. we shall teche hym, I wote / a new play of yoyll,
And hold hym full hote / frawrord, a stoyll
Go fetch vs!
ffroward. We, dote! / now els were it doyll
And vnneth;
ffor the wo that he shall dre
let hym knele on his kne.
Secundus tortor. And so shall he for me;
Go fetch vs a light buffit.

15th c., “Coliphizacio [The Buffeting]”, in Wakefield Mystery Plays; Re-edited in George England, Alfred W. Pollard, editors, The Towneley Plays (Early English Text Society Extra Series; LXXI), London: […] Oxford University Press, 1897, →OCLC, page 239:

First torturer: We shall teach him, I say, a new Christmas-time game, and treat him very hotly—Froward, go fetch us a stool!
Froward: Whoa! Fool! We wouldn't want this to be painful and difficult. For the sake of the pain that he shall dread, let him kneel.
Second torturer: And he shall [dread it] on my account. Go fetch us a light stool.


bord

English: board

Scots: buird, brod

Yola: borde

A table (especially one used for craftsmanship).

(religion) An altar; a table used for religious purposes.


hostel

English: hostel

Scots: hostel

→ Middle Cornish: ostel

Cornish: ostel

Borrowed from Old French hostel, ostel, from Latin hospitāle. Doublet of hospital.

A dwelling or house; a place of residence.


stage

English: stage

From Old French estage, from ester (“to be standing, be located”).

A ledge or shelf (projecting storage platform)


fot

enm-noun

fot (plural feet or fot or (rare) fotes)

feet (plural)
fot (plural)
fotes (plural rare)

English: foot (see there for further descendants)

Scots: fit, fuit, fut, fute

Yola: voote

Inherited from Old English fōt, from Proto-West Germanic *fōt, from Proto-Germanic *fōts, from Proto-Indo-European *pṓds.

One of a set of units of measurement:
square foot (unit for measuring area)

One of a set of units of measurement:
(prosody) A metrical foot

One of a set of units of measurement:
A metrical foot

The bottom or foundation of something (e.g. stairs):

The foot (leg-like support) of a table or chair.

The end of a bed or tomb (where the foot rests).


office

English: office

Scots: office, offish

From Old French office, from Latin officium, contracted form of opificium.

The state of being employed or having a work or job; employment:

Ecclesiastical or religious work; a church career.

(rare) Unskilled work; any work that is unimportant or base.

Þe mouþ heþ tuo offices, huer-of þe on belongeþ to þe zuelȝ...
Þe oþer zuo is in speche.

A task, chore or assignment, especially one which is important or required; an obligation:

A task or function that one organ does to assist another or the body as a whole.

a. 1422, petition, P.R.O. 117, 5842

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

... Abbeyes, Priories, hospitals, chaunteries and chappels, chaces, parkes, offices, milnes, weres...

A part, faculty, or division of a larger body:

A part of a house or estate devoted to manual work and storage.


court

English: court (see there for further descendants)

Scots: court, coort

Borrowed from Old French cort, curt, from Latin cōrs, contraction of cohors, cohortem.

A grand residence, especially that of a ruler or noble.

The household or retinue of a ruler; a ruler's court.

A court of law; the body which administers justice:


officer

English: officer

Scots: offisher

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman officer, officier, from Latin officiārius; equivalent to office + -er.

An official or officeholder; the holder of a prominent office or position.

A municipal, local or societal official or officeholder.

A religious or ecclesiastical official or officeholder.

(rare) One who supervises or organises jousting.


bolster

English: bolster

Scots: bowster, bouster, boster

From Old English bolster, from Proto-Germanic *bulstraz.

A soft stuffed bag to lie or lean on; a cushion or pillow.


seneschal

English: seneschal

Scots: senescall, seneschall (obsolete)

From Old French seneschal, from Medieval Latin siniscalcus, from Frankish *siniskalk, from Proto-Germanic *siniskalkaz.

A viceroy; one governing in place of a ruler.


couche

English: couch

Scots: cooch, cootch

→ Welsh: cwtsh
→ English: cwtch

From Old French couche, from couchier (whence couchen).

A bed (flat piece of furniture for sleeping on).

A bed or sleeping spot prepared for an animal.

(rare) A bedroom; the room where one sleeps in.


celle

English: cell

Scots: cell

From Old English cell and Old French cele, selle, both from Latin cella, from Proto-Italic *kelnā; compare halle.

A private place room or building for habitation.

(figuratively) A place of entrapment or confinement.


dweller

English: dweller

Yola: dwellerès, dwelleres (plural)


canape

English: canopy

From Old French conopé, Medieval Latin cānōpēum, from Latin cōnōpēum, from Ancient Greek κωνωπεῖον (kōnōpeîon).


yerd

English: yard

Scots: yerd, yaird, yird

Inherited from Old English ġeard, from Proto-West Germanic *gard, from Proto-Germanic *gardaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰórdʰos; cognate with Old Church Slavonic градъ (gradŭ) and a doublet of garth.

A plot of land; a piece of property, especially agricultural.


sive

English: sieve

Scots: sieve, siffe, syffe, sif, syf

sieve, riddle, sile (a device for sifting)


ketel

English: kettle (see there for further descendants)

Scots: kettle, kittle

From Old English ċietel, ċetel and possibly reinforced by cognate Old Norse ketill, both from Proto-Germanic *katilaz, from Late Latin catīllus.


stede

English: stead

Scots: steid, sted

Inherited from Old English stede, steode, styd, from Proto-West Germanic *stadi, from Proto-Germanic *stadiz.

A place, area or spot; a part of the Earth or universe:

A location or position in time; time, moment.

Strength, effect; capacity for achievement.


potager

English: pottager, potager; pottinger; porringer

Scots: pottinger

Borrowed from Middle French potager; equivalent to potage + -er.


panne

desctree

English: pan
→? Irish: panna
→ Japanese: パン

Scots: pan

Inherited from Old English panne, from Proto-Germanic *pannǭ, from Late Latin panna.

A pan, skillet, tin, or cookpot; any metal container used for cooking in.


mansioun

English: mansion

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman mansion, mansiun, from Latin mansiō.

A place where one makes their home or dwells; a home:

A house, hostel, palace, etc; a purpose-built dwelling or habitation.

(figurative) The abode of a human behaviour.

(rare) A temporary waypoint on a journey.


herberwe

English: harbor (see there for further descendants)

Scots: harbery, harbory, hairbour

From Old English herebeorg, from Proto-West Germanic *harjabergu; equivalent to here (“army”) + bergh. The final vowel is levelled in from the Old English oblique cases; forms ending in /iː/ may be from the Old English dative singular.

Accommodation, shelter; a temporary residence.


sarsen

sarsen (infinitive)
to sarsen (infinitive)
sarse (infinitive)
sarse (first-person present singular)
sarsed (first-person past singular)
sarsest (present second-person singular)
sarsedest (past second-person singular)
sarseth (present singular third-person)
sarsed (past singular third-person)
sarse (present singular subjunctive)
sarsed (past singular subjunctive)
sarse (imperative present singular)
sarsen (plural present)
sarse (plural present)
sarseden (past plural)
sarsede (past plural)
sarseth (imperative plural present)
sarse (imperative plural present)
sarsynge (participle present)
sarsende (participle present)
sarsed (participle past)
ysarsed (participle past)

English: searce, sarse

Scots: search

From sars (“sieve”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


brom

English: broom

Scots: brume, bruim

Inherited from Old English brōm, from Proto-West Germanic *brām, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrem-.


hous

hous (plural)
houses (plural)
housen (plural)

English: house (see there for further descendants)

Geordie English: hoose

Scots: hoose

Yola: heouse, houze, howze

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH-der.?
Proto-Germanic *hūsą
Proto-West Germanic *hūs
Old English hūs
Middle English hous
From Old English hūs, from Proto-West Germanic *hūs, from Proto-Germanic *hūsą.
Cognate with Dutch huis, German Low German Huus, German Haus, Danish hus, Faroese hús, Icelandic hús, Norwegian Bokmål hus, Norwegian Nynorsk hus, Swedish hus.

etymon

[…]if ony of þi puple Iſrael biſechiþ, and knowiþ his veniaunce and ſikenesse, and if he ſpꝛediþ abꝛood hiſe hondis in þis hows[…]

a. 1382, John Wycliffe, “2 Paralipomenon 6:29”, in Wycliffe's Bible:

[…] If any of your people Israel prays, and knows their destruction and disease, and spreads his hands to this temple […]


chete

Inherited from Old English ċēte, Anglian form of *ċīete, ċȳte.

University of Michigan
w:University of Michigan


menage

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman meinage, menage; equivalent to Old French manoir + -age. Compare modern English ménage.


deis

English: dais

Scots: deas, deece

From Anglo-Norman deis, from Latin discus, from Ancient Greek δίσκος (dískos). Doublet of deske and disch.


castel

English: castle
→ Tongan: kāsolo

Scots: castle

→ Scottish Gaelic: caisteal

From late Old English castel, castell, borrowed from Latin castellum, diminutive of castrum. Reinforced by Anglo-Norman/Old Northern French castel, itself also from castellum.


spone

English: spoon

Geordie English: spuin, speun

desc

Scots: spuin, spin, spon, spone, spun, spune

Yola: spone

From Old English spōn, from Proto-West Germanic *spānu, form Proto-Germanic *spēnuz. The final vowel is generalised from the Old English inflected forms.


materas

English: mattress

Scots: mattrass

Borrowed from Old French matras, from Arabic مَطْرَح (maṭraḥ).

A mattress; a pad or cushioning for sleeping upon.

(anatomy, rare) A pad or cushion in one's body.


brandire

English: brander, brandiron (obsolete)

Scots: brander

Yola: brandeyrons, brand-eyrons (plural)

From Old English brandīren, brandīsen; equivalent to brand + iren.


trone

English: throne

Scots: throne

From Old French trone, trosne, from Latin thronus, from Ancient Greek θρόνος (thrónos).

⁊ in þe cumpas of þe ſeete.· weren foure ⁊ twentı ſmale ſeetıs ⁊ abouen þe troones foure ⁊ twentı eldere men ſıttynge. hılıd aboute wıþ whıte cloþıs.· ⁊ in þe heedıs of hem golden coꝛouns

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Apocalips 4:4, page 118v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010

And around the perimeter of the seat there were twenty-four small seats, and on those seats twenty-four elders sat, wearing white clothing and having golden crowns on their heads.

⁊ leıtıs ⁊ voıces ⁊ þundꝛıngıs camen out of þe troone. ⁊ ſeuene laumpıs bꝛennynge bıfoꝛe þe troone.· whıche ben þe ſeuene ſpırıtıs of god

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Apocalips 4:5, page 118v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010

And lightning, sounds, and thunder came out of the throne, and seven lamps were burning in front of the throne, which are the seven spirits of God.

(specifically) The heavenly throne of the Christian God.


maner

English: manor

Scots: maner

→ Middle Irish: mainér

Irish: mainéar

Borrowed from Old French manoir, from Latin manēre (“to stay”).


forke

English: fork (see there for further descendants)

Scots: fork

Yola: vork

From Old English force, from Proto-West Germanic *furkō, from Latin furca; also influenced by Anglo-Norman forque and Old French forche, both from the same Latin word.

(rare, Late Middle English) A fork (piece of cutlery).


lenden

lenden (infinitive)
to lenden (infinitive)
lende (infinitive)
lende (first-person present singular)
lente (first-person past singular)
lende (first-person past singular)
lendest (present second-person singular)
lentest (past second-person singular)
lendest (past second-person singular)
lendeth (present singular third-person)
lente (past singular third-person)
lende (past singular third-person)
lende (present singular subjunctive)
lente (past singular subjunctive)
lende (past singular subjunctive)
lende (imperative present singular)
lenden (plural present)
lende (plural present)
lenten (past plural)
lente (past plural)
lenden (past plural)
lende (past plural)
lendeth (imperative plural present)
lende (imperative plural present)
lendynge (participle present)
lendende (participle present)
lent (participle past)
lend (participle past)
ylent (participle past)
ylend (participle past)

From Old English lendan, from Proto-West Germanic *landijan, from Proto-Germanic *landijaną; compare londen.

To come; to go near:
To arrive; to reach one's destination.

To come; to go near:
To arrive at shore; to land.

To come; to go near:
To come together; to come to another.

To come; to go near:
To come upon; to light upon.

To dwell, stay; to make accommodation:
(usually negated) To wait; to stay put.

To dwell, stay; to make accommodation:
To wait; to stay put.

To settle; to house; to give accommodation.


bour

English: bower

Scots: bour

From Old English būr, from Proto-West Germanic *būr, from Proto-Germanic *būraz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-.


servise

English: service (see there for further descendants)

Scots: service

Borrowed from Old French servise, from Latin servitium. By surface analysis, serven + -ise.

Service (performance of required tasks):

The state of being employed; employment (often as a servant or attendant):

The labour or money required by one's feudal lord.

A religious service or the directions for one.


schamel

English: shamble; shambles

Scots: shammel, shammle

From Old English sċeamol, scamol, from Proto-Germanic *skamulaz, *skamilaz, from Latin scamellum, variant of scabellum (“footstool”).


dwellen

dwelen (infinitive)
to dwelen (infinitive)
dwele (infinitive)
dwele (first-person present singular)
dweled (first-person past singular)
dwelte (first-person past singular)
dwelest (present second-person singular)
dweledest (past second-person singular)
dweltest (past second-person singular)
dweleth (present singular third-person)
dweled (past singular third-person)
dwelte (past singular third-person)
dwele (present singular subjunctive)
dweled (past singular subjunctive)
dwelte (past singular subjunctive)
dwele (imperative present singular)
dwelen (plural present)
dwele (plural present)
dweleden (past plural)
dwelede (past plural)
dwelten (past plural)
dwelte (past plural)
dweleth (imperative plural present)
dwele (imperative plural present)
dwelynge (participle present)
dwelende (participle present)
dweled (participle past)
dwelt (participle past)
ydweled (participle past)
ydwelt (participle past)

English: dwell

Scots: dwall

From Old English dwellan (with semantic influence from Old Norse dvelja), from Proto-West Germanic *dwalljan, from Proto-Germanic *dwaljaną.

To dwell; to remain:
To remain or stay (in a location)

To dwell; to remain:
To live, reside, or inhabit.

(figurative) To become settled or established (with).

To last; to persist:
To be left; to remain in possession.

To be left over; to remain (of a portion).


housen

enm-verb

housen (third-person singular simple present houseth, present participle housende, housynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle housed)

houseth (present singular third-person)
housende (participle present)
housynge (participle present)
housed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
housen (infinitive)
to housen (infinitive)
house (infinitive)
house (first-person present singular)
housed (first-person past singular)
housest (present second-person singular)
housedest (past second-person singular)
houseth (present singular third-person)
housed (past singular third-person)
house (present singular subjunctive)
housed (past singular subjunctive)
house (imperative present singular)
housen (plural present)
house (plural present)
houseden (past plural)
housede (past plural)
houseth (imperative plural present)
house (imperative plural present)
housynge (participle present)
housende (participle present)
housed (participle past)
yhoused (participle past)

English: house

Scots: house, hoose

Inherited from Old English hūsian, from Proto-West Germanic *hūsōn, from Proto-Germanic *hūsōną; equivalent to hous + -en (infinitival suffix).

To accommodate or lodge; to have as a guest:

To give out accommodations (to someone).

To shelter or reside (in a house or building)

To build, construct (houses or buildings).

To set up or arrange accommodation (in a building)


sarse

English: searce, sarse

Scots: search

Probably borrowed from Anglo-Norman cerche, *cerce, from Late Latin *circa; see searce for more.


hirdman

From Old English hīredman; equivalent to hird (“household”) + man (“man”), but often reanalysed as hired (“hired”) + mon.

A member of a royal household; an attendant.


hird

From Old English hīred, hēored (“family, household”), from Proto-West Germanic *hīwarād, equivalent to hewe (“servant”) + red (“counsel”).


surveyour

English: surveyor

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman surveour; equivalent to surveyen + -our.

An overseer, superintendent, or supervisor:

A household official who manages and organises meals.


cleve

English: cleve

Inherited from Old English clēofa, from Proto-Germanic *klebô.


pilwe

English: pillow
→ Maori: pera

Scots: pillae

From Old English pyle, pylu, pylwe, from Proto-West Germanic *pulwī, from Latin pulvīnus.

To visite this Damyan goth May
And subtilly this lettre doun she threste
Vnder his pilwe.

1395, Geoffrey Chaucer, Canterbury Tales:

A soft stuffed bag; a cushion or pillow.


herbergage

From Old French herbergage, herberjage; equivalent to Old French herbergier + -age. Compare herberjour and herberwe.


wyf

wyfes (plural)
wyves (plural)
wyve (plural)

English: wife (see there for further descendants)

Scots: wife

From Old English wīf, from Proto-West Germanic *wīb, from Proto-Germanic *wībą, of uncertain origin.

The leading woman of a household; a matriarch.


husbonde

desctree

English: husband
⇒ Chinese: 黑漆板凳 (hēiqī bǎndèng) (obsolete)
→ Japanese: ハズバンド (hazubando)
⇒ English: husbando

Scots: husband

→ Welsh: hwsmon

Inherited from Old English hūsbonda; equivalent to hous + bonde.


temse

English: temse, tems, tempse

Scots: teemse

Inherited from Old English *temes, from Proto-West Germanic *tamisu, of unclear origin.


meyne

English: meinie (archaic)

Scots: menyie, menzie

Yola: meany

From Anglo-Norman meine, meignee and Old French mesne, from Vulgar Latin *mānsiōnāta. Compare mansioun.


trenchour

English: trencher

→ Welsh: trensiwr

Yola: trenshoorès (plural)

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman trenchour; equivalent to trenchen + -our.


sege

English: siege

Scots: siege

Borrowed from Old French sege, siege, from Vulgar Latin *sēdicum, from sēdēs.

A siege; an attack or assault on a walled city:

(by extension) A latrine or privy; a hole or container for disposing feces.


brandreth

English: brandreth

From Old English brandrād (from Proto-West Germanic [Term?]) and Old Norse brandreið, both ultimately from Proto-Germanic *brandaraidō. Equivalent to brand + rode (“ride”).


houshold

English: household

desc

Scots: houshald, housald, housell, howsell

From hous + hold (“grip, rule, domain”), as a calque of Middle Dutch huushout (modern Dutch huishouden).


bathen

enm-verb

bathen (third-person singular simple present batheth, present participle bathende, bathynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle bathed)

batheth (present singular third-person)
bathende (participle present)
bathynge (participle present)
bathed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
bathen (infinitive)
to bathen (infinitive)
bathe (infinitive)
bathe (first-person present singular)
bathed (first-person past singular)
bathest (present second-person singular)
bathedest (past second-person singular)
batheth (present singular third-person)
bathed (past singular third-person)
bathe (present singular subjunctive)
bathed (past singular subjunctive)
bathe (imperative present singular)
bathen (plural present)
bathe (plural present)
batheden (past plural)
bathede (past plural)
batheth (imperative plural present)
bathe (imperative plural present)
bathynge (participle present)
bathende (participle present)
bathed (participle past)
ybathed (participle past)

English: bathe

Scots: bathe, baith, bauthe

From Old English baþian, from Proto-West Germanic *baþōn, from Proto-Germanic *baþōną; equivalent to bath + -en (infinitival suffix). Compare bethen.

To bathe; to have a bath or immerse oneself in liquid:


homwardes

English: homewards

Scots: hamewards

From Old English hāmweardes; equivalent to homward + -es (“adverb-forming ending”).


homward

English: homeward

Scots: hameward

From Old English hāmweard; equivalent to home + -ward.


homly

English: homely

Scots: hamely

From Old English *hāmlīċ, from Proto-West Germanic *haimalīk. Equivalent to home + -ly.

Domestic, home-related; of or in a home.

and þe enemyes of a man ben þei þat ben homeli wiþ hym

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 10:36, page 4v, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

And a person's enemies will be those who're at home with them.

Of the household; part of the household.


coteler

English: cutler

Scots: cuitlar (obsolete)

From Anglo-Norman cuteler, from Old French coutelier.


knyf

English: knife

Sranan Tongo: nefi

Korean: 나이프 (naipeu)

Portuguese: naifa

Samoan: naifi

Japanese: ナイフ

Scots: knyfe, knife

Yola: kunnife

French: canif

From Old English cnīf, from Old Norse knífr, from Proto-Germanic *knībaz.

A knife as a tool or instrument; the following special senses exist:


schelfe

English: shelf

Scots: shelf

Probably from Old English scylfe, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH-.

(rare) A cupboard; a piece of furniture that is equipped with shelves.


harneys

English: harness

Scots: harnish, herness

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman harneis, from Old Norse *hernest. See Old French hernois.

Supplies, equipment:
Household goods and items.


wipen

wipen (infinitive)
to wipen (infinitive)
wipe (infinitive)
wipe (first-person present singular)
wiped (first-person past singular)
wipest (present second-person singular)
wipedest (past second-person singular)
wipeth (present singular third-person)
wiped (past singular third-person)
wipe (present singular subjunctive)
wiped (past singular subjunctive)
wipe (imperative present singular)
wipen (plural present)
wipe (plural present)
wipeden (past plural)
wipede (past plural)
wipeth (imperative plural present)
wipe (imperative plural present)
wipynge (participle present)
wipende (participle present)
wiped (participle past)
ywiped (participle past)

English: wipe

Scots: wip, wepe, wype, wipe

Inherited from Old English wīpian, from Proto-West Germanic *wīpōn.

(figurative) To purge of malign or wicked influence.

To wipe or swipe for cleaning purposes:
To purge of malign or wicked influence.

To wipe dirt or other substances away from a wound.

To wipe or swipe for cleaning purposes:
To remove by wiping or swiping off.


swopen

swopen (third-person singular simple present swopeth, present participle swopynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative swep, past participle swopen)

swopeth (present singular third-person)
swopynge (participle present)
swep (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
swopen (participle past)
swopen (infinitive)
to swopen (infinitive)
swope (infinitive)
swope (first-person present singular)
swep (first-person past singular)
swoped (first-person past singular)
swopest (present second-person singular)
swepe (past second-person singular)
swep (past second-person singular)
swopedest (past second-person singular)
swopeth (present singular third-person)
swep (past singular third-person)
swoped (past singular third-person)
swope (present singular subjunctive)
swepe (past singular subjunctive)
swoped (past singular subjunctive)
swope (imperative present singular)
swopen (plural present)
swope (plural present)
swepen (past plural)
swepe (past plural)
swopeden (past plural)
swopede (past plural)
swopeth (imperative plural present)
swope (imperative plural present)
swopynge (participle present)
swopende (participle present)
swopen (participle past)
swepe (participle past)
swoped (participle past)
yswopen (participle past)
yswepe (participle past)

English: swoop

Scots: swap, swape, swaip

From Old English swāpan, from Proto-West Germanic *swaipan, from Proto-Germanic *swaipaną.

(religion) To cleanse or purge evil influences.


warderobe

English: wardrobe

Scots: wardrop (obsolete)

From Old Northern French warderoube; equivalent to ward + robe.

A small room or other location where clothing is stored for use; a wardrobe.

A division of an aristocratic residence which organises the procurement of supplies; the location which contains one.


Bathe

English: Bath

From Old English baþum, dative plural of bæþ.


bathynge

English: bathing

(Late Middle English) The process of bathing, especially for medicinal purposes.


chayer

English: chair (see there for further descendants)

Scots: cheer, chyre

Yola: chyre

/ˈt͡ʃæi̯ər(ə)/

From Old French chaiere, from Latin cathedra, from Ancient Greek καθέδρα (kathédra).

A padded chair or armchair; a seat facilitating comfort:

(theology) The seat of God as King of Heaven.

(rare) A podium or dais; an elevated portion of floor.


paleys

English: palace

Scots: pallace

From Old French palais, paleis, from Latin palātium, from Palātium (“Palatine Hill”).

A palace; an official ornate dwelling of a high official.


spicerie

English: spicery

Scots: spicerie

From Old French espicerie; equivalent to spicer + -ie or spice + -erie.

A spice or spices; ground substances used as flavouring:

Spices used for their scents, aromas, or smells.

Spices used for their (purported) medical effects.

Spices used for the embalmment dead bodies.

A branch of a wealthy estate ensuring the provision or victualling of food.


napkyn

English: napkin

Scots: naipkin

A napkin or serviette (a cloth used to clean oneself while eating)


hospitalite

English: hospitality

Middle Scots: hospitalitie

Borrowed from Old French hospitalité, from Latin hospitālitās; by surface analysis, hospital + -ite.


hospiteler

English: hospitaller, hospitaler

Borrowed from Middle French hospitalier; equivalent to hospital + -er. Some forms have the vowel of Medieval Latin hospitulārius.


hostelen

hostelen (third-person singular simple present hosteleth, present participle hostelende, hostelynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle hosteled)

hosteleth (present singular third-person)
hostelende (participle present)
hostelynge (participle present)
hosteled (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
hostelen (infinitive)
to hostelen (infinitive)
hostele (first-person present singular)
hosteled (first-person past singular)
hostelest (present second-person singular)
hosteledest (past second-person singular)
hosteleth (present singular third-person)
hosteled (past singular third-person)
hostele (present singular subjunctive)
hosteled (past singular subjunctive)
hostele (imperative present singular)
hostelen (plural present)
hostele (plural present)
hosteleden (past plural)
hostelede (past plural)
hosteleth (imperative plural present)
hostele (imperative plural present)
hostelynge (participle present)
hostelende (participle present)
hosteled (participle past)
yhosteled (participle past)

From Old French hosteler, osteler; equivalent to hostel + -en (infinitival suffix).

(rare) To provide or use accommodation; to lodge.


pot stik

A stick for stirring liquids used in cooking.


forneys

English: furnace

Scots: furnace

Borrowed from Old French fornais, from Latin fornāx.

A stove or oven; a device for cooking upon or in.

A furnace (especially when used for glassworking or metalworking).

Fires used to inflict punishment or retribution upon someone.

(rare) A device for boiling non-fermented liquor.


sovereyn

English: sovereign

Scots: sovereign

Yola: zouvereine, zovereine

From Old French soverain, from Vulgar Latin *superānus.

One's superior or boss; one who one answers to:

One who runs a noble household, manor, or estate.


saucerie

English: saucery (historical)

From Old French sausserie; equivalent to sauce + -erie.

A part of a manor or a facility which manufactures sauce; a saucery.


lavendrie

English: laundry

Borrowed from Old French lavanderie, from Latin lavandaria; equivalent to lavender + -ie.

A part of a manor or a facility for washing clothes; a laundry.


almerie

desc

English: ambry, almery, aumbrie, aumbry, ambery

Scots: aumry, amry, amery, aumbry, ambry

From Anglo-Norman almarie, aumer, etc., from Old French almarie, from Latin armārium.


quysshyn

English: cushion (see there for further descendants)

Scots: cushin

From Old French coissin, cuissin, cussin, coussin, from Vulgar Latin coxīnus.

A soft stuffed bag; a cushion or pillow.


dubler

English: doubler (dialectal)

From Old French doblier, from Latin duplārium; compare double.


cuppeborde

desctree

English: cupboard
→ Chichewa: m'kabati
→ Farefare: kobɔɔtɩ
→ Gulf Arabic: كبت (kabat)
→ Luhya: likapati
→ Maori: kāpata
→ Swahili: kabati
→ Zulu: ekhabetheni

Loke Cristis copborde / & hors; & pei ben ful unlichy; for he was at þe mete where six watur pottes weren / & he was þe worþiest in þat place.

c. 1380, John Wycliffe, Of Antecrist and his Meynee; published as John Wycliffe; James Henthorn Todd, Three Treatises by John Wycklyffe, D.D. I. Of the Church and Her Members. II. Of the Apostacy of the Church. III. Of Antichrist and His Meynee. Now First Printed from a Manuscript in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, with Notes and a Glossary, by James Henthorn Todd, D.D., Dublin: Hodges and Smith, Grafton-Street, booksellers to the University, 1851, OCLC 505328367, page cl

The kyngez cope-borde / was enclose in silver, / In grete goblettez over]gylte / glorious of hewe; […]

c. 1400, the Alliterative Morte Arthure; published as James Orchard Halliwell, editor, Morte Arthure. The Alliterative Romance of the Death of King Arthur. Now First Printed from a Manuscript in Lincoln Cathedral, Brixton Hill, London: For private circulation only, 1947, OCLC 5347067, page 18


dressour

English: dresser

Scots: dresser

Borrowed from Old French drecëur, drecëure; equivalent to dressen + -our.


sperver

English: sparver (obsolete)

From Old French esprevier, from Old Dutch *sparwari (“sparrow-hawk”, literally “sparrow-eagle”).


herberweles

English: harborless, harbourless

foꝛ I hungride .· ⁊ ȝe ȝauen me to ete / and I þirſtide .· and ȝe ȝauen me to dꝛynke / I was herboꝛles .· ⁊ ȝe herboꝛiden me[…]

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 25:35, page 14r, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

Because I was hungry, and you gave me something to eat; I was thirsty, and you gave me something to drink; I was homeless, and you sheltered me […]


herberwen

herberwen (infinitive)
to herberwen (infinitive)
herberwe (infinitive)
herberwe (first-person present singular)
herberwed (first-person past singular)
herberwest (present second-person singular)
herberwedest (past second-person singular)
herberweth (present singular third-person)
herberwed (past singular third-person)
herberwe (present singular subjunctive)
herberwed (past singular subjunctive)
herberwe (imperative present singular)
herberwen (plural present)
herberwe (plural present)
herberweden (past plural)
herberwede (past plural)
herberweth (imperative plural present)
herberwe (imperative plural present)
herberwynge (participle present)
herberwende (participle present)
herberwed (participle past)
yherberwed (participle past)

English: harbor, harbour

Scots: hairbor, hairbour

From Old English herebeorgian; equivalent to herberwe + -en (infinitival suffix).

To accommodate or lodge; to have as a guest:

To give out accommodations (to someone).

To dwell or stay; to make accommodation.

To shelter or store (an animal or thing)


dwellynge

English: dwelling


gridil

English: griddle

Scots: girdle

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman gredil, from Latin crātīcula; possibly a doublet of crele. Compare gredire.


gredire

English: gridiron

Possibly a modification of gridil (“gridiron, griddle”) after iren; compare aundire.

A gridiron; an iron grate used for cooking or torture.


basyn

English: basin

Scots: bashin

→ Irish: báisín

Borrowed from Old French bacin, from Vulgar Latin *baccinum.

A basin (large bowl):
A washbasin; a sink.

A basin (large bowl):
(rare) A basin-shaped gong.

A basin (large bowl):
A basin-shaped gong.


chaufour

English: chafer

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman chaufour, from Latin calefactōrium; equivalent to chaufen + -our.


serjaunt

enm-noun

serjaunt (plural serjauntes or serjauns)

English: sergeant

→ Manx: sarjant

Scots: sairjint

Borrowed from Old French sergeant, from Medieval Latin serviēns. Doublet of servaunt.

A servant or attendant at a noble household:

The chief officer of a household department.


meyneal

English: menial

Borrowed from Old French mesnal; equivalent to and remodelled on meyne + -al.


cradel

English: cradle

Scots: cradle, craddle, creddle

From Old English cradol, from Proto-West Germanic *kradul, from Proto-Germanic *kradulaz. Compare cart.


quilte

English: quilt

Scots: twilt, twult

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman quilte and continental Old French coilte, from Latin culcita. For the variant cowlte, compare Middle French coulte, coute.


bethen

enm-verb

bethen (third-person singular simple present betheth, present participle bethende, bethynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle bethed)

betheth (present singular third-person)
bethende (participle present)
bethynge (participle present)
bethed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
bethen (infinitive)
to bethen (infinitive)
bethe (first-person present singular)
bethed (first-person past singular)
bethest (present second-person singular)
bethedest (past second-person singular)
betheth (present singular third-person)
bethed (past singular third-person)
bethe (present singular subjunctive)
bethed (past singular subjunctive)
bethe (imperative present singular)
bethen (plural present)
bethe (plural present)
betheden (past plural)
bethede (past plural)
betheth (imperative plural present)
bethe (imperative plural present)
bethynge (participle present)
bethende (participle present)
bethed (participle past)
ybethed (participle past)

English: beath (dialectal)

Inherited from Old English beþian, beþþan, from Proto-West Germanic *baþþjan, from Proto-Germanic *baþjaną; compare bath (“bath”) and bathen (“to bathe”).

(chiefly Early Middle English) To bathe; to immerse oneself in water.


besme

English: besom

Scots: besom, bisom

Inherited from Old English besma, from Proto-West Germanic *besmō.

(Early Middle English) A bundle of sticks; a faggot.


housynge

English: housing

Scots: housin, housing

From either hous (“house”) or housen (“to shelter, house”) + -ing.


liggere

English: ledger, ligger

From liggen, leggen (variant of leyen "to lie") + -er.

af

variant of <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">leyen</i> "to lie"

A support, base, or foundation:
A particular sort of mattress.


warysshen

warysshen (infinitive)
to warysshen (infinitive)
warysshe (infinitive)
warysshe (first-person present singular)
warysshed (first-person past singular)
warysshte (first-person past singular)
warysshest (present second-person singular)
warysshedest (past second-person singular)
warysshtest (past second-person singular)
waryssheth (present singular third-person)
warysshed (past singular third-person)
warysshte (past singular third-person)
warysshe (present singular subjunctive)
warysshed (past singular subjunctive)
warysshte (past singular subjunctive)
warysshe (imperative present singular)
warysshen (plural present)
warysshe (plural present)
waryssheden (past plural)
warysshede (past plural)
warysshten (past plural)
warysshte (past plural)
waryssheth (imperative plural present)
warysshe (imperative plural present)
warysshynge (participle present)
warysshende (participle present)
warysshed (participle past)
waryssht (participle past)
ywarysshed (participle past)
ywaryssht (participle past)

English: warish (obsolete)

Borrowed from Old Northern French wariss-, extended stem of warir (central Old French garir, guarir), from Frankish *warjan, from Proto-Germanic *warjaną. Doublet of weren (“to protect”); also compare warisoun.

bor+

Thanne were myn herte / Al warisshed of his bittre peynes smerte.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Frankeleyns Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:

To cure; to cause recovery or improvement.


caudroun

desc

English: cauldron (obsolete caldron, caudron); chaldron

Scots: caudron, cauthron

Borrowed from Old Northern French cauderon (Parisien chauderon), ultimately from Late Latin caldāria (“cooking-pot”).


housles

English: houseless

Possibly from an Old English *hūslēas, from Proto-West Germanic *hūsalaus, from Proto-Germanic *hūsalausaz.
Alternatively, but less likely, this word may have been formed anew, possibly as a calque of Old Norse húslauss or Middle Dutch huusloos; in any case, equivalent to hous + -les.


genge

English: ging (obsolete)

Middle Scots: ging

Inherited from Old English genge (“band”), from Proto-Germanic *gangiją, possibly through Old Norse gengi.

inh+

(biblical) The pagan nations; the Gentiles.


pewe

English: pew

Scots: pew

Borrowed from Middle French puie, from Old Northern French puie, from Latin podia, plural of podium.

(Late Middle English) pew (bench seat in a church)


householdstuff

The various furnishings, equipment, and other articles belonging to a household.


swepen

enm-verb

swepen (third-person singular simple present swepeth, present participle swepynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative swepte, past participle swept)

swepeth (present singular third-person)
swepynge (participle present)
swepte (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
swept (participle past)
swepen (infinitive)
to swepen (infinitive)
swepe (infinitive)
swepe (first-person present singular)
swepte (first-person past singular)
sweped (first-person past singular)
swepest (present second-person singular)
sweptest (past second-person singular)
swepedest (past second-person singular)
swepeth (present singular third-person)
swepte (past singular third-person)
sweped (past singular third-person)
swepe (present singular subjunctive)
swepte (past singular subjunctive)
sweped (past singular subjunctive)
swepe (imperative present singular)
swepen (plural present)
swepe (plural present)
swepten (past plural)
swepte (past plural)
swepeden (past plural)
swepede (past plural)
swepeth (imperative plural present)
swepe (imperative plural present)
swepynge (participle present)
swepende (participle present)
swept (participle past)
sweped (participle past)
yswept (participle past)
ysweped (participle past)

English: sweep

Scots: sweep

Not known before the 14th century, but usually considered to be from Old English *swēpan, *swǣpan, from Proto-West Germanic *swaipijan, from Proto-Germanic *swaipijaną.
Derivation from Old English swipian (with open-syllable lengthening) or swēop, past participle of swāpan is also possible; these sources may have reinforced a rare *swēpan.

(transitive, religion) To cleanse or purge evil influences.


countour

English: counter, compter

Scots: counter, coonter

Borrowed from Old French conteor and Middle French contoir; equivalent to counte (“computation”) + -our.

A calculator or computer (person who performs arithmetic)