day

dayes (plural)
days (plural)
dawes (plural)

English: day

Scots: day

Yola: die, dei, dey, daie

Inherited from Old English dæġ, from Proto-West Germanic *dag.


Monday

English: Monday (see there for further descendants)

Scots: Monanday

Yola: Mondei


Wednesday

English: Wednesday
→ Maori: Wenerei

Scots: Wadensday

Yola: Wennesdei

From Old English *wēdnesdæġ, a by-form of wōdnesdæġ, from Proto-West Germanic *Wōdanas dag.


Thursday

English: Thursday

Scots: Forsday, Försday

Yola: Thorsdei

From Old English þurresdæġ, þursdæġ, late form of þunresdæġ, from Proto-West Germanic *Þunras dag. Possibly influenced by Old Norse þórsdagr, though compare the development of early Middle English are from ānre.


Friday

desctree

English: Friday
Tok Pisin: Fraide
→ Maori: Paraire

Scots: Friday

Yola: Vreedie, Vridei, vreedei

From Old English frīġedæġ. Forms with -e- are possibly after Old Norse freadagr, frjádagr, but may also represent the regular phonological development of frīġedæġ in some dialects.


abreggen

enm-verb

abreggen (third-person singular simple present abreggeth, present participle abreggende, abreggynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle abregged)

abreggeth (present singular third-person)
abreggende (participle present)
abreggynge (participle present)
abregged (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
abreggen (infinitive)
to abreggen (infinitive)
abregge (infinitive)
abregge (first-person present singular)
abregged (first-person past singular)
abreggest (present second-person singular)
abreggedest (past second-person singular)
abreggeth (present singular third-person)
abregged (past singular third-person)
abregge (present singular subjunctive)
abregged (past singular subjunctive)
abregge (imperative present singular)
abreggen (plural present)
abregge (plural present)
abreggeden (past plural)
abreggede (past plural)
abreggeth (imperative plural present)
abregge (imperative plural present)
abreggynge (participle present)
abreggende (participle present)
abregged (participle past)
yabregged (participle past)

English: abridge

From Old French abreger, from Latin abbreviō.

Al mowe they yet tho dayes wel abregge, / Ther nedeth noght noon auctoritee t'allegge

a. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Knight's Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, lines 2999–3000:

Though they could potentially make those days shorter, / No authority is needed to assert that […]

To shorten or reduce in duration or time.


winter

English: winter

Scots: winter

Yola: wonter

From Old English winter, from Proto-West Germanic *wintru, from Proto-Germanic *wintruz.

⁊ ð laſtede þa ·xix· ƿintre ƿile Stephne ƿaſ king ⁊ æure it ƿaſ uuerſe ⁊ uuerſe.

p. 1154, “AD 1137”, in Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (MS. Laud Misc. 636, continuation), Peterborough, folio 89, verso; republished at Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 2018 February 8:

And this lasted the 19 winters when Stephen was king, and it continually got worse and worse.


quarter

English: quarter

Scots: quarter, corter

Yola: curthere, cortere

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman quarter, from Latin quartārius.

A unit of weight (often a quarter of an ounce or pound).


world

English: world

Scots: warld

Inherited from Old English woruld, worold, from Proto-West Germanic *weraldi, from Proto-Germanic *weraldiz.


yesterday

From Old English ġiestrandæġ; equivalent to yester- + day.

At another preceding point in time; in the past


yesterday

English: yesterday

Scots: ȝisterday, ȝesterday

Yola: yersthei, yerstei, yerstey


baby

English: baby, babby, babbie (see there for further descendants)

Scots: babbie


age

English: age

Scots: age

Borrowed from Old French aage, from Vulgar Latin *aetāticum, derived from Latin aetātem.

Time (as an abstract concept); the passing of time.


future

English: future

Scots: futur

Borrowed from Old French futur, from Latin futūrus, past participle of sum (cognate to Middle English been).

(rare) The future; the time beyond the present.


child

enm-noun

child (plural children or childre or child or childres, dative childe)

children (plural)
childre (plural)
child (plural)
childres (plural)
childe (dative)

English: child

Scots: child; chield

From Old English ċild, from Proto-Germanic *kelþaz.

A baby, infant, toddler; a person in infancy.

(Christianity) The Christ child; Jesus as a child.


old

head

old (plural and weak singular olde, comparative eldre, superlative eldest)

olde (plural)
olde (singular weak)
eldre (comparative)
eldest (superlative)

desc

English: old (dialectal ole, ould, wold)

Geordie English: awd, auld

Scots: auld

Yola: yole, yold

Inherited from Anglian Old English ald, from Proto-West Germanic *ald, from Proto-Germanic *aldaz (“grown-up”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-.
Forms with /ɛː/ are either from forms such as West Saxon and Kentish Old English eald or due to analogy with the comparative eldre or superlative eldest.

Old; long extant or existent:
Relating to old age or senescence.

From or relating to an earlier era; ancient:

Old-fashioned, archaic; following previous custom.

Mature (fully developed; past its youth).


snow

English: snow

Scots: snaw

Yola: sneow, sneew, snowe, snow

From Old English snāw, from Proto-West Germanic *snaiw, from Proto-Germanic *snaiwaz.


eternal

English: eternal, tarnal

Scots: eternal

/ɛːtɛrˈnɛːl/

Borrowed from Old French eternal, eternel, from Latin aeternālis; equivalent to eterne + -al.

Eternal, permanent; having existed (and existing) forever.


barn

English: barn (obsolete, dialectal)

Geordie English: bairn

Scots: bairn
→ English: bairn

Yola: barrn

Inherited from Old English bearn, from Proto-West Germanic *barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną.

Hit tidde after on a time · as tellus our bokes / as þis bold barn his beſtes · blybeliche keped[…]

c. 1335-1361, William of Palerne (MS. King's College 13), folio 6, recto, lines 198-199; republished as W. W. Skeat, editor, The Romance of William of Palerne, London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., 1867, →OCLC, page 12:

Afterwards, as our books record, it happened one day that / while this brave child was peacefully looking after his animals […]


stage

English: stage

From Old French estage, from ester (“to be standing, be located”).

A duration or period; an amount of time.


babe

English: babe, bab

→ Irish: báb

→ Welsh: baban


mel

English: meal

Scots: meal

Yola: meale, mele

→ Irish: béile

From Old English mǣl, from Proto-West Germanic *māl, from Proto-Germanic *mēlą.


place

q

dialectal <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">pleace</i>

English: place (dialectal pleace)

Pijin: ples

Tok Pisin: ples

Scots: place, pleece

From Old English plæċe and Old French place, both from Latin platea, from Ancient Greek πλατεῖα (plateîa).

A place, area or spot; a part of the Earth or universe:

An estate or property; a house or building (often with its surrounds).


clout

English: clout

Scots: clout, cloot

From Old English clūt, from Proto-West Germanic *klūt, from Proto-Germanic *klūtaz. Compare cloud.

Cloth for wrapping babies; swaddling clothes.


dote

English: dote

A senile individual; an elderly person lacking sound mind.


tome

English: toom

Middle Scots: tume, toym, toyme, toume

From Old Norse tom (“leisure, ease”). Compare Icelandic tóm (“empty space; leisure”).


knave

English: knave

Middle Scots: knave, knafe, knaif

Scots: knave

→ Middle Welsh: cnaf

Welsh: cnaf

From Old English cnafa, from Proto-Germanic *knabô. Compare knape.


horen

horen (infinitive)
to horen (infinitive)
hore (infinitive)
hore (first-person present singular)
hored (first-person past singular)
horest (present second-person singular)
horedest (past second-person singular)
horeth (present singular third-person)
hored (past singular third-person)
hore (present singular subjunctive)
hored (past singular subjunctive)
hore (imperative present singular)
horen (plural present)
hore (plural present)
horeden (past plural)
horede (past plural)
horeth (imperative plural present)
hore (imperative plural present)
horynge (participle present)
horende (participle present)
hored (participle past)
yhored (participle past)

English: hoar (obsolete)

From Old English hārian; equivalent to hor (“hoar”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


ounce

English: ounce, unce

Scots: ounce

From Middle French once, from Old French once, unce, from Latin uncia. Doublet of ynche.

(rare) An eight-minute unit for measuring time.


foster

English: foster

Scots: foster

Inherited from Old English fōster, from Proto-West Germanic *fōstr, from Proto-Germanic *fōstrą; reinforced by Old English fōstre (“fosterer”). The vocalism is due to regular shortening before a three-consonant cluster (in the Old English oblique stem fōstr-).


demure

English: demur


vespers

English: vespers

From Old French vespres, from Ecclesiastical Latin vesperae (“vespers”); see English vespers.

der

(Christianity) The liturgical service celebrated at this time.


morwenyng

English: morning

Scots: morning, mornin


March

English: March (see there for further descendants)

Scots: Mairch

From Anglo-Norman marche, from Old French mars. See English March for more.

14th c. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales. General Prologue: 1-2.
Whan that Aprill, with his shoures soote
the droghte of March hath perced to the roote

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


kyn

English: kin

Scots: kin

From Old English cynn, from Proto-West Germanic *kuni, from Proto-Germanic *kunją.

One's relations or kin:
One's descendants or offspring.


agen

agen (infinitive)
to agen (infinitive)
age (infinitive)
age (first-person present singular)
aged (first-person past singular)
agest (present second-person singular)
agedest (past second-person singular)
ageth (present singular third-person)
aged (past singular third-person)
age (present singular subjunctive)
aged (past singular subjunctive)
age (imperative present singular)
agen (plural present)
age (plural present)
ageden (past plural)
agede (past plural)
ageth (imperative plural present)
age (imperative plural present)
agynge (participle present)
agende (participle present)
aged (participle past)
yaged (participle past)

English: age

Scots: age

Borrowed from Old French aagier; equivalent to age + -en (infinitival suffix).

(usually in the past participle) to become older; to age.


kalender

desctree

English: calendar, kalendar (archaic), calender (obsolete)
Tok Pisin: kalenda
→ Japanese: カレンダー (karendā)
→ Korean: 카렌다 (karenda)
→ Korean: 캘린더 (kaellindeo)
→ Swahili: kalenda

Scots: calendar

→ Welsh: calendr

From Old French calendier, from Latin calendārium, kalendārium; equivalent to kalende + -er.


yong

head

yong (comparative yongere, superlative yongeste)

yongere (comparative)
yongeste (superlative)

English: young

Scots: young


cours

desctree

English: course
→ Gulf Arabic: كورس (kōrs)

Scots: coorse

→ Welsh: cwrs

Borrowed from Old French cours, curs, from Latin cursus; compare Middle Dutch coers.

A series of occurrences; a course of time:


snowy

English: snowy

Scots: snawy

From Old English snāwiġ; equivalent to snow + -y.

snowy (resembling snow in temperature or colour)


hor

English: hoar

Scots: hare, hair

From Old English hār, from Proto-Germanic *hairaz.


swathing

English: swathing


timen

timen (infinitive)
to timen (infinitive)
time (infinitive)
time (first-person present singular)
timed (first-person past singular)
timest (present second-person singular)
timedest (past second-person singular)
timeth (present singular third-person)
timed (past singular third-person)
time (present singular subjunctive)
timed (past singular subjunctive)
time (imperative present singular)
timen (plural present)
time (plural present)
timeden (past plural)
timede (past plural)
timeth (imperative plural present)
time (imperative plural present)
timynge (participle present)
timende (participle present)
timed (participle past)
ytimed (participle past)

English: time

From Old English tīmian, from Proto-Germanic *tīmōną; equivalent to tyme (“time”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


eternally

English: eternally

Scots: eternally

In an eternal, endless, or permanent manner.


Pentecoste

English: Pentecost

Scots: Penthicost

Inherited from Old English Pentecosten, from Latin Pentecoste, from Ancient Greek πεντηκοστή (pentēkostḗ).

Pentecost (specific day 49 days after Jesus' resurrection)


stede

English: stead

Scots: steid, sted

Inherited from Old English stede, steode, styd, from Proto-West Germanic *stadi, from Proto-Germanic *stadiz.

A location or position in time; time, moment.


dotard

English: dotard

14th C., Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales, "The Wife of Bath's Prologue," lines 285-92, https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Canterbury_Tales/The_Wife_of_Bath%27s_Prologue_and_Tale
Thou seist, that oxen, asses, hors, and houndes, / They been assayed at diverse stoundes; / Bacins, lavours, er that men hem bye, / Spones and stoles, and al swich housbondrye, / And so been pottes, clothes, and array; / But folk of wyves maken noon assay / Til they be wedded; olde dotard shrewe! / And than, seistow, we wol oure vices shewe.

A dotard; someone who displays senility.


hete

English: heat

Scots: hete, heit

Yola: het

Inherited from Old English hǣtu, from Proto-West Germanic *haitī, from Proto-Germanic *haitį̄.

The condition of being hot; a hot thing:


dotage

English: dotage

Behaviour that is stupid or ill-advised; ridiculousness or insanity:

Weakening of the mind due to age; dotage.


doten

doten (infinitive)
to doten (infinitive)
dote (infinitive)
dote (first-person present singular)
doted (first-person past singular)
dotest (present second-person singular)
dotedest (past second-person singular)
doteth (present singular third-person)
doted (past singular third-person)
dote (present singular subjunctive)
doted (past singular subjunctive)
dote (imperative present singular)
doten (plural present)
dote (plural present)
doteden (past plural)
dotede (past plural)
doteth (imperative plural present)
dote (imperative plural present)
dotynge (participle present)
dotende (participle present)
doted (participle past)
ydoted (participle past)

English: dote

Scots: doit

From Middle Low German or Middle Dutch doten (“be silly”), perhaps ultimately from Proto-Germanic *þeutaną (“to roar, howl”), similar to Dutch dutten.

der

To be or become senile; to suffer from the wear of age.


nombren

enm-verb

nombren (third-person singular simple present nombreth, present participle nombrende, nombrynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle nombred)

nombreth (present singular third-person)
nombrende (participle present)
nombrynge (participle present)
nombred (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
nombren (infinitive)
to nombren (infinitive)
nombre (infinitive)
nombre (first-person present singular)
nombred (first-person past singular)
nombrest (present second-person singular)
nombredest (past second-person singular)
nombreth (present singular third-person)
nombred (past singular third-person)
nombre (present singular subjunctive)
nombred (past singular subjunctive)
nombre (imperative present singular)
nombren (plural present)
nombre (plural present)
nombreden (past plural)
nombrede (past plural)
nombreth (imperative plural present)
nombre (imperative plural present)
nombrynge (participle present)
nombrende (participle present)
nombred (participle past)
ynombred (participle past)

English: number

Scots: nummer

Borrowed from Old French nombrer, from Latin numerō; equivalent to nombre + -en (infinitival suffix).

To calculate; to perform arithmetic or measurement (especially time passing)


roten

English: rotten

Scots: rotten

Borrowed from Old Norse rotinn (“rotten”).


secunde

English: second

Scots: seicont

From Old French seconde, from Medieval Latin secunda.

A unit of time equal to a sixtieth of a (horological) minute.


waxen

waxen (infinitive)
to waxen (infinitive)
waxe (infinitive)
waxe (first-person present singular)
wex (first-person past singular)
wox (first-person past singular)
waxed (first-person past singular)
waxest (present second-person singular)
waxt (present second-person singular)
wexe (past second-person singular)
woxe (past second-person singular)
wex (past second-person singular)
wox (past second-person singular)
waxedest (past second-person singular)
waxeth (present singular third-person)
waxt (present singular third-person)
wex (past singular third-person)
wox (past singular third-person)
waxed (past singular third-person)
waxe (present singular subjunctive)
wexe (past singular subjunctive)
woxe (past singular subjunctive)
waxed (past singular subjunctive)
waxe (imperative present singular)
waxen (plural present)
waxe (plural present)
wexen (past plural)
wexe (past plural)
woxen (past plural)
woxe (past plural)
waxeden (past plural)
waxede (past plural)
waxeth (imperative plural present)
waxe (imperative plural present)
waxynge (participle present)
waxende (participle present)
waxen (participle past)
ywaxen (participle past)
waxe (participle past)
ywaxe (participle past)
woxen (participle past)
ywoxen (participle past)
woxe (participle past)
ywoxe (participle past)
wexen (participle past)
ywexen (participle past)
wexe (participle past)
ywexe (participle past)
waxed (participle past)
ywaxed (participle past)

English: wax

Scots: wax

From Old English weaxan, from Proto-West Germanic *wahsijan, from Proto-Germanic *wahsijaną.

An oþer parable iheſus puttide foꝛþ to hem. / ⁊ ſeide / þe kyngdom of heuenes is lijk to a coꝛn of ſeneuey · which a man took ⁊ ſewe in his feeld · / which is þe leeſt of alle ſeedis / but whanne it haþ woxen .· it is the mooſt of alle woꝛtis · ⁊ is maad a tre / ſo þe bꝛiddis of þe eir comen ⁊ dwellen in þe bowis þerof.

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 13:31-32, page 6v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

Jesus put another parable forwards to them, saying: "The Kingdom of Heaven is like a mustard seed that a person took and sowed in their field; / it is the smallest of all seeds, but when it has grown, it is the largest of all plants; it becomes a tree, so the birds of the air come and nest in its branches."

To grow (become larger):
To grow up; to become fully grown.


eterne

English: eterne, etern (obsolete)

Scots: eterne, etern (obsolete)

Borrowed from Old French eterne, from Latin aeternus, contraction of aeviternus.

Eternal, permanent; having existed (and existing) forever.


mure

From Old French meur, from Latin mātūrus. Doublet of mature.


ferie

English: ferie (obsolete)

From Old French ferie, from Medieval Latin fēria; compare feyre.


gome

English: gome

Scots: gome

Inherited from Old English guma, from Proto-West Germanic *gumō, from Proto-Germanic *gumô, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰmṓ.

And þus bigynneth þes gomes · to greden ful heiȝ.

c. 1385, William Langland, Piers Plowman, section II:

And thus began these men · to cry out full high.^(Verification Needed)

Some towns wex near toom, In the which woned many a gome.

Some towns wax near empty, In which lived many a man.^(Verification Needed)

To the, ihesu, I make my mone; / ffarwell! comly, of cors so cleyn! / ffarwel! gracyouse gome! where so thou gone, / fful mekill grace is to the geyn;

15th c., “Iohannes baptista [John the Baptist]”, in Wakefield Mystery Plays; Re-edited in George England, Alfred W. Pollard, editors, The Towneley Plays (Early English Text Society Extra Series; LXXI), London: […] Oxford University Press, 1897, →OCLC, page 203, lines 267–270:

To thee, Jesus, I make my lamentation: farewell, pleasing [man], so clean of body! Farewell, gracious man! Wheresoever thou goest, you will gain much grace

(rare) A male hireling, assistant or underling


houre

English: hour (see there for further descendants)

Northumbrian: oor

Scots: oor

From Anglo-Norman houre, from Latin hōra, from Ancient Greek ὥρα (hṓra).


tyme

English: time (see there for further descendants)

Scots: time, teime, tim

Yola: deemes (plural)

From Old English tīma, from Proto-West Germanic *tīmō, from Proto-Germanic *tīmô. Doublet of demon.

A reign; the duration of a ruler's office.

A lifetime; the duration of a person's life.

Part of a period of time (especially a season or yeartide).

A specific duration; a period of time:
Part of a process or event.

A brief or ephemeral point in time; an instance.

And with alle these men I was ofte homli and I comownede with hem long tyme and fele, and so bifore alle othir men I chees wilfulli to be enformed bi hem and of hem”

1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, pages 40–41:


moneth

English: month

Scots: moneth

From Old English mōnaþ. Equivalent to mone + -th.


welken

welken (infinitive)
to welken (infinitive)
welke (infinitive)
welke (first-person present singular)
welked (first-person past singular)
welkest (present second-person singular)
welkedest (past second-person singular)
welketh (present singular third-person)
welked (past singular third-person)
welke (present singular subjunctive)
welked (past singular subjunctive)
welke (imperative present singular)
welken (plural present)
welke (plural present)
welkeden (past plural)
welkede (past plural)
welketh (imperative plural present)
welke (imperative plural present)
welkynge (participle present)
welkende (participle present)
welked (participle past)
ywelked (participle past)

English: welk

Scots: welk

Possibly related to or from Middle Low German welken or Middle Dutch welken, ultimately related to Proto-West Germanic *wolkn (“cloud”). Compare also Middle English walwen (“to fade, wither”), from Old English wealwian.

cog

To become dry or aged; to decay or wither (of plants or people)


newe

From Old English nīewe, from Proto-West Germanic *niwi, from Proto-Germanic *niwjaz, from Proto-Indo-European *néwyos. More at new.

Wið-uten ðe læche ðe loceð after mannes ikynde, þe newe oðer elde, and ðe wrihte his timber to keruen after ðare mone, ðe is ikyndelich þing; elles hit is al ȝedwoll.


childly

English: childly

From Old English ċildlīċ; equivalent to child + -ly.


yeer

desctree

English: year
Jamaican Creole: ier
Tok Pisin: yia
→ Chuukese: ier
→ Japanese: イヤー (iyā)
→ Volapük: yel

Scots: year

From Old English ġēar, from Proto-West Germanic *jār, from Proto-Germanic *jērą.

Ȝe knowe ek that in fourme of ſpeche is chaunge / With-inne a thousand ȝeer, and wordes tho /That hadden pris now wonder nyce and ſtraunge /Us thenketh hem, and ȝet thei ſpake hem so / And ſpedde as wel in loue as men now do / Ek forto wynnen loue in ſondry ages / In ſondry londes, ſondry ben vſages […]

a. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “Book II”, in Troilus and Criseyde, lines 22–28:

You also know that the form of language is in flux; / within a thousand years, words / that had currency; really weird and bizarre / they seem to us now, but they still spoke them / and accomplished as much in love as men do now. / As for winning love across ages and / across nations, there are lots of usages […]


Aprill

English: April (see there for further descendants)

Scots: Apryle

Relatinized from Averil, from Old French avrill, from Latin Aprīlis. See English April for more.

14th c. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales. General Prologue: 1.
Whan that Aprill, with his shoures soote


gerle

English: girl (see there for further descendants)

Scots: girle (obsolete)

Yola: gurl


nyght

enm-noun

nyght (plural nyghtes or nyght or nyghte)

nyghtes (plural)
nyght (plural)
nyghte (plural)

English: night

Geordie English: neet

Scots: nicht, neicht

Yola: neeght, nieght, nyeght

From Old English niht, from Proto-West Germanic *naht, from Proto-Germanic *nahts, from Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts.

And smale foweles maken melodye / That slepen al the nyght with open iye

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “Here Bygynneth the Book of the Tales of Caunt́burẏ”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 2, recto, lines 9-10:

And small birds make melodies, / sleeping all night with an open eye.


faren

enm-verb

faren (third-person singular simple present fareth, present participle farynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative ferde, past participle ferd)

fareth (present singular third-person)
farynge (participle present)
ferde (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
ferd (participle past)
faren (infinitive)
to faren (infinitive)
fare (infinitive)
fare (first-person present singular)
for (first-person past singular)
ferde (first-person past singular)
farest (present second-person singular)
fore (past second-person singular)
for (past second-person singular)
ferdest (past second-person singular)
fareth (present singular third-person)
for (past singular third-person)
ferde (past singular third-person)
fare (present singular subjunctive)
fore (past singular subjunctive)
ferde (past singular subjunctive)
fare (imperative present singular)
faren (plural present)
fare (plural present)
foren (past plural)
fore (past plural)
ferden (past plural)
ferde (past plural)
fareth (imperative plural present)
fare (imperative plural present)
farynge (participle present)
farende (participle present)
faren (participle past)
fare (participle past)
ferd (participle past)
yfaren (participle past)
yfare (participle past)
yferd (participle past)

English: fare

Scots: fare

Originally two distinct verbs:
* Old English faran, from Proto-West Germanic *faran, from Proto-Germanic *faraną.
* Old English fēran, from Proto-West Germanic *fōrijan, from Proto-Germanic *fōrijaną.

To move, go or travel:
To attack; to charge against.

To proceed to do; to start or continue doing.


yol

English: Yule

Middle Scots: Yule, Ȝule, Yuill, Ȝuill

Scots: Yule

From Old English ġeōl, from Proto-Germanic *jeulō, plural of *jehwlą.

forþi þis ȝol ouerȝede and þe ȝere after / and vche ſeſoun ſerlepes ſued after oþer / after cryſtenmaſſe com þe crabbed lentoun /

a. 1375, Gawain Poet, Sir Gawayn and þe Grene Knyȝt, stanza 22, page 97r, lines 500–502:

And this Christmastide went, and the year with (it); / each season followed alone after the last. / After Christmas came spiteful Lent, […]


tofore

English: tofore (obsolete)

From Old English tōforan; equivalent to to- + fore.


Pask

English: Pasch (archaic)

Scots: Pace

Borrowed from Old French pasches, from Ecclesiastical Latin pascha, from Ancient Greek πάσχα (páskha), from Aramaic פַּסְחָא (pasḥā), from Hebrew פֶּסַח (pésaḥ).


weke

English: week

Scots: wouk

Yola: wick, wik

From Old English wiċe, wucu; from Proto-West Germanic *wikā, from Proto-Germanic *wikǭ.

week (a duration of seven days from Sunday to Saturday; a calendar week)

week (any duration of (around) seven days)

(six-day) workweek (a duration of six days from Monday to Saturday)


weke

English: wick

Scots: week

From Old English wēoce, from Proto-West Germanic *weukā (“flax bundle, wick”), from Proto-Indo-European *weg- (“to weave”), see also West Frisian wjok, wjuk (“wing”), Dutch wiek (“wing; propeller, blade; wick”), German Wieche (“wisp; wick”).

cog

The cord or rope used to create wicks; wicking.


wasten

enm-verb

wasten (third-person singular simple present wasteth, present participle wastende, wastynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle wasted)

wasteth (present singular third-person)
wastende (participle present)
wastynge (participle present)
wasted (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
wasten (infinitive)
to wasten (infinitive)
waste (infinitive)
waste (first-person present singular)
wasted (first-person past singular)
wastest (present second-person singular)
wastedest (past second-person singular)
wasteth (present singular third-person)
wasted (past singular third-person)
waste (present singular subjunctive)
wasted (past singular subjunctive)
waste (imperative present singular)
wasten (plural present)
waste (plural present)
wasteden (past plural)
wastede (past plural)
wasteth (imperative plural present)
waste (imperative plural present)
wastynge (participle present)
wastende (participle present)
wasted (participle past)

English: waste

Scots: waste

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman waster (Parisien guaster), from Latin vāstō, with influence from Frankish *wōstijan; equivalent to wast (“desolate”) + -en (infinitival suffix). Compare westen (“to devastate”).

af

To utilise or expend (resources or supplies):

To expend time (usually in a wasteful way)


somer

somers (plural)
somer (accusative nominative singular)
somers (accusative nominative plural)
someres (accusative nominative plural)
someres (genitive singular)
somere (genitive plural)
somere (dative singular)
someren (dative plural)

English: summer

Scots: somer, sumer, simmer, simer

Yola: zimmer, zummer

Inherited from Old English sumor, from Proto-West Germanic *sumar, from Proto-Germanic *sumaraz.

Ne take noon hede to brynge togidere þe parties of þe boon þat is to-broken or dislocate, til viij. daies ben goon in þe wyntir, & v. in þe somer; for þanne it schal make quytture, and be sikir from swellynge; & þanne brynge togidere þe brynkis eiþer þe disiuncture after þe techynge þat schal be seid in þe chapitle of algebra.

a. 1420, The British Museum Additional MS, 12,056, “Wounds complicated by the Dislocation of a Bone”, in Robert von Fleischhacker, editor, Lanfranc's "Science of cirurgie.", London: K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co, translation of original by Lanfranc of Milan, published 1894, →ISBN, page 63:


knyght

English: knight

Scots: knicht

Yola: nickht

From Old English cniht, from Proto-West Germanic *kneht.


drawen

enm-verb

drawen (third-person singular simple present draweth, present participle drawinge, first-/third-person singular past indicative drogh or drew, past participle drawen)

draweth (present singular third-person)
drawinge (participle present)
drogh (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
drew (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
drawen (participle past)
drawen (infinitive)
to drawen (infinitive)
drawe (infinitive)
drawe (first-person present singular)
drogh (first-person past singular)
drew (first-person past singular)
drawest (present second-person singular)
drowe (past second-person singular)
drewe (past second-person singular)
drogh (past second-person singular)
drew (past second-person singular)
draweth (present singular third-person)
drogh (past singular third-person)
drew (past singular third-person)
drawe (present singular subjunctive)
drowe (past singular subjunctive)
drewe (past singular subjunctive)
drawe (imperative present singular)
drawen (plural present)
drawe (plural present)
drowen (past plural)
drowe (past plural)
drewen (past plural)
drewe (past plural)
draweth (imperative plural present)
drawe (imperative plural present)
drawynge (participle present)
drawende (participle present)
drawen (participle past)
drawe (participle past)
ydrawen (participle past)
ydrawe (participle past)

English: draw

Scots: draw

Yola: dra

From Old English dragan, from Proto-West Germanic *dragan. Many senses are calqued from Latin trahere.

To draw out; to spread out or extend:
To prolong; to extend in time.


dwellen

dwelen (infinitive)
to dwelen (infinitive)
dwele (infinitive)
dwele (first-person present singular)
dweled (first-person past singular)
dwelte (first-person past singular)
dwelest (present second-person singular)
dweledest (past second-person singular)
dweltest (past second-person singular)
dweleth (present singular third-person)
dweled (past singular third-person)
dwelte (past singular third-person)
dwele (present singular subjunctive)
dweled (past singular subjunctive)
dwelte (past singular subjunctive)
dwele (imperative present singular)
dwelen (plural present)
dwele (plural present)
dweleden (past plural)
dwelede (past plural)
dwelten (past plural)
dwelte (past plural)
dweleth (imperative plural present)
dwele (imperative plural present)
dwelynge (participle present)
dwelende (participle present)
dweled (participle past)
dwelt (participle past)
ydweled (participle past)
ydwelt (participle past)

English: dwell

Scots: dwall

From Old English dwellan (with semantic influence from Old Norse dvelja), from Proto-West Germanic *dwalljan, from Proto-Germanic *dwaljaną.


whanne

From Old English hwonne, from Proto-Germanic *hwannē (“when”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷís (“who, what, which”).


whanne

English: when

Scots: whan

Yola: fan, van, phen

Bot often for defalte of bondes Al sodeinliche, er it be wist, A Tonne, whanne his lye arist, Tobrekth and renneth al aboute, Which elles scholde noght gon oute[…]

Whan that Auerill wᵗ his shoures soote / The droghte of march hath ꝑced to the roote / And bathed euery veyne in swich lycour / Of which v̄tu engendred is the flour[…]

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “Here Bygynneth the Book of the Tales of Caunt́burẏ”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 2, recto:

When that April, with its sweet showers / Has pierced March's drought to the root / And bathed every vein in fluid such that / with its power, the flower is made […]

Maister Ion Aston taughte and wroot acordingli and ful bisili, where and whanne and to whom he myghte, and he vsid it himsilf, I gesse, right perfyghtli vnto his lyues eende.

Master John Aston taught and wrote accordingly and really busily, where, when, and to whoever he wanted, and he used it himself, I take it, very well until the end of his life.


grome

English: groom

→ Dutch: groom

Scots: grome, grume, greem

→ Old French: gromme, groume

⇒ Old French: groumet

Middle French: gourmet

French: gourmet

→ English: gourmet

→ Icelandic: grómr, gromr

From Old English *grōma, from Proto-West Germanic *grōmō (“growth, tumor, stomach swelling”). Compare Middle Dutch grom, Old Norse grómr, gromr, and Old French gromme. Suggested to be either from the same root as growen (“to grow”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *grō-, with a noun-forming suffix *-m-.

inh

A male child of any age (ranging from infancy to the start of adulthood).


fillen

enm-verb

fillen (third-person singular simple present filleth, present participle fillynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative filde, past participle fild)

filleth (present singular third-person)
fillynge (participle present)
filde (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
fild (participle past)
fillen (infinitive)
to fillen (infinitive)
fille (infinitive)
fille (first-person present singular)
filled (first-person past singular)
filde (first-person past singular)
fillest (present second-person singular)
filledest (past second-person singular)
fildest (past second-person singular)
filleth (present singular third-person)
filled (past singular third-person)
filde (past singular third-person)
fille (present singular subjunctive)
filled (past singular subjunctive)
filde (past singular subjunctive)
fille (imperative present singular)
fillen (plural present)
fille (plural present)
filleden (past plural)
fillede (past plural)
filden (past plural)
filde (past plural)
filleth (imperative plural present)
fille (imperative plural present)
fillynge (participle present)
fillende (participle present)
filled (participle past)
fild (participle past)
yfilled (participle past)
yfild (participle past)

English: fill

Scots: fill

Yola: vill

From Old English fyllan, from Proto-West Germanic *fullijan, from Proto-Germanic *fullijaną; equivalent to fille + -en (infinitival suffix). Compare fullen.

(rare, of time) To pass; to become complete.


governaunce

English: governance

Middle Scots: governance

Borrowed from Old French gouvernance, governance; equivalent to governen + -aunce.

Authority, rule, or leadership; the holding of power:

(rare) A term or tenure; a period of office.


morwe

English: morrow; morn

Scots: morrow, morra; morn

From Old English morgen, from Proto-West Germanic *morgan, *morgin, from Proto-Germanic *murganaz, *murginaz.
Compare West Frisian moarn.


norice

desc

English: nurse (obsolete norice, nourice, nourse)

Scots: nourice, nuirice

Borrowed from Old French norrice, from Late Latin nūtrīcia, ultimately from Latin nūtrīx.

A person (usually a woman) employed to take care of one's children; a nanny.

A person who breastfeeds a child; a wet-nurse.

(rare, Christianity) Mary as the guardian of Jesus.

Slepynge longe in greet quiete is eek a greet norice to Leccherie

1394, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Parson's Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales:

A long and peaceful sleep is also a true encourager of profligacy.

(by extension) A proponent or engenderer (of a quality, behaviour, etc.)

An animal or plant as a caretaker of its offspring.


kynrede

English: kindred

Scots: kindred

From Old English cynrǣden; equivalent to kyn + -rede. For forms with -nd-, compare the development of thonder, gandre.


amorwe

English: amorrow (dialectal)

That whan I sawgh hir first amorwe, I was warished of al my sorwe

1372, Chaucer, “v. 1102”, in The Boke of the Duchesse:


popet

English: puppet, poppet

Probably from Middle French poupette, though it antedates it.

He in the wast is shape as wel as I; / This were a popet in an arm t’enbrace / For any womman smal and fair of face!

c. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales, Prologue to "Sir Thopas", lines 700–702 (Ellesmere):

He in the waist is made as nice as I; / This would be a popet in one's arms to embrace / For any woman small and fair of face!


infaunt

English: infant


tharm

English: tharm

Scots: thairm, tharm

From Old English þearm.
Cognate to Old Frisian therm, Middle Low German darm, Middle Dutch darm, daerm, derm, Middle High German darm, Old Swedish tharmber, and Ancient Greek τόρμος (tórmos).

(rare) A child; one of one's immediate offspring or descendants.


growen

growen (infinitive)
to growen (infinitive)
growe (infinitive)
growe (first-person present singular)
grew (first-person past singular)
growest (present second-person singular)
grewe (past second-person singular)
grew (past second-person singular)
groweth (present singular third-person)
grew (past singular third-person)
growe (present singular subjunctive)
grewe (past singular subjunctive)
growe (imperative present singular)
growen (plural present)
growe (plural present)
grewen (past plural)
grewe (past plural)
groweth (imperative plural present)
growe (imperative plural present)
growynge (participle present)
growende (participle present)
growen (participle past)
growe (participle past)
ygrowen (participle past)
ygrowe (participle past)

English: grow

Scots: grow

From Old English grōwan, from Proto-West Germanic *grōan.


nyghtertale

English: nightertale

A calque of Old Norse náttarþel, as if nyght + -er + tale.

So hoote he loued / that by nyghtertale / He slepte namooꝛe / than dooth a nyghtyngale

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “Here Bygynneth the Book of the Tales of Caunt́burẏ”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 3, recto, lines 96-97:

He loved so ardently / that at nighttime / He didn't sleep any more / than a nightingale does.


loveday

English: loveday (now historical)

(figuratively) Any time of peaceableness.


ladde

English: lad

Scots: lad

Probably from North Germanic, possibly Old Norse ladd (“hose, woolen stocking”); according to Liberman, words for socks, shoes, and stockings were used pejoratively as nicknames for fools. See also Swedish ladder (“old shoes”), lodde (“Frisian shoe”), lädder (“socks”), all said to be related to Old Norse loðinn (“hairy, shaggy, woolly”).

cog

A lad or boy; a male human child (including babies)


degre

English: degree

Scots: degree

Borrowed from Old French degré, degréz (hence the variant degrece); equivalent to de- + gre.

A measurement of time amounting to around four minutes.


diall

English: dial

Scots: dial

Borrowed from Middle French dyal, from Latin diālis.

(rare) A timekeeping instrument, method, or device:

(rare) A sundial (timekeeping device using the sun)

(rare) A clock (mechanical timekeeping device)


tydy

English: tidy

Scots: tidy


fulfillen

enm-verb

fulfillen (third-person singular simple present fulfilleth, present participle fulfillynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative fulfilde, past participle fulfild)

fulfilleth (present singular third-person)
fulfillynge (participle present)
fulfilde (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
fulfild (participle past)
fulfillen (infinitive)
to fulfillen (infinitive)
fulfille (infinitive)
fulfille (first-person present singular)
fulfilled (first-person past singular)
fulfilde (first-person past singular)
fulfillest (present second-person singular)
fulfilledest (past second-person singular)
fulfildest (past second-person singular)
fulfilleth (present singular third-person)
fulfilled (past singular third-person)
fulfilde (past singular third-person)
fulfille (present singular subjunctive)
fulfilled (past singular subjunctive)
fulfilde (past singular subjunctive)
fulfille (imperative present singular)
fulfillen (plural present)
fulfille (plural present)
fulfilleden (past plural)
fulfillede (past plural)
fulfilden (past plural)
fulfilde (past plural)
fulfilleth (imperative plural present)
fulfille (imperative plural present)
fulfillynge (participle present)
fulfillende (participle present)
fulfilled (participle past)
fulfild (participle past)

English: fulfill, fulfil

From Old English fullfyllan; equivalent to ful- + fillen.

To finish or end; to become or make complete:

(rare, of people) To live (for a specified time)


cleven

cleven (infinitive)
to cleven (infinitive)
cleve (infinitive)
cleve (first-person present singular)
cleved (first-person past singular)
clof (first-person past singular)
clevest (present second-person singular)
clevedest (past second-person singular)
clove (past second-person singular)
clive (past second-person singular)
clof (past second-person singular)
cleveth (present singular third-person)
cleved (past singular third-person)
clof (past singular third-person)
cleve (present singular subjunctive)
cleved (past singular subjunctive)
clove (past singular subjunctive)
clive (past singular subjunctive)
cleve (imperative present singular)
cleven (plural present)
cleve (plural present)
cleveden (past plural)
clevede (past plural)
cloven (past plural)
clove (past plural)
cliven (past plural)
clive (past plural)
cleveth (imperative plural present)
cleve (imperative plural present)
clevynge (participle present)
clevende (participle present)
cleved (participle past)
cliven (participle past)
clive (participle past)
ycleved (participle past)
ycliven (participle past)

English: cleave

Scots: cleave, cleif

Originally two distinct verbs:
* Old English cleofian, clifian, from Proto-West Germanic *klibēn, from Proto-Germanic *klibāną.
* Old English clīfan, from Proto-West Germanic *klīban, from Proto-Germanic *klībaną.

To withstand or stay put; to weather time.


Lyde

English: Lide (obsolete)

Inherited from Old English hlȳda, from hlȳdan (“to make noise”).


knape

English: knape

Scots: knape, knaip

From Old English cnapa, from Proto-West Germanic *knappō.


boye

English: boy

Scots: boy

Yola: bye, buye

From Old English *bōia, from Proto-Germanic *bōjô.

þe boye hit scholde abugge
Horn þreu him ouer þe brigge.

The boy should pay for it; Horn threw him over the bridge.

servant, attendant (especially if young)


Tewesday

English: Tuesday

Scots: Tysday

Yola: Tusedei, tuesdei

From Old English tiwesdæġ, from Proto-West Germanic *Tīwas dag.


Saterday

English: Saturday
Tok Pisin: Sarere

Scots: Seturday

Yola: Zathardei, zatherdei

From Old English sæterdæg, a form of sæternesdæg, from Proto-West Germanic *Sāturnas dag.


Sunnenday

English: Sunday (see there for further descendants)

Scots: Soneday, Sunday

Yola: Zindei


hervest

English: harvest

Scots: hairst, harvest

Yola: hearesth, harrest

From Old English herfest, a Mercian form of hærfest.


autumpne

English: autumn

Scots: autumn

Borrowed from Middle French automne, from Old French automne, autonne, from Latin autumnus.

(Late Middle English, uncommon) autumn, fall


lenten

English: Lent, Lenten

Scots: Lentrin, Lentern

From Old English lencten, from Proto-West Germanic *langatīn.


sesoun

English: season

Scots: saison

→ Irish: séasún, séasúr

From Old French seson, from Latin satiōnem, accusative of satiō.


nihterne

From Old English nihterne. Equivalent to nyght + -erne.

(hapax, Early Middle English) Of or by the night.


nyȝtschade

English: nightshade

From Old English nihtsċada. Equivalent to nyght + schade.

nightshade (plant belonging to the genus Solanum)


yesternyght

English: yesternight

From Old English ġiestranniht; equivalent to yester- + nighte.


weke-day

English: weekday

From Old English wicdæġ. Equivalent to weke (“week”) + day (“day”).


halyday

English: holiday

Scots: haliday

Yola: hollydie, holy die

From Old English hāliġdæġ; equivalent to holy + day.

A religious holiday or celebration (especially a Christian one)


clokke

English: clock

Scots: clock

From Middle Dutch clocke, from Old Northern French cloque, from Medieval Latin clocca, probably of Celtic origin, from Proto-Celtic *klokkos (“bell”) (compare Welsh cloch, Irish clog), from Proto-Indo-European *klēg-, *klōg- (onomatopoeia).
Doublet of cloke (“cloak”).


knave child

enm-noun

knave child (plural knave children or knave childre)

knave children (plural)
knave childre (plural)

English: knave-child (archaic)


barnhede

(Late Middle English) The duration when one is a child; childhood.


barnles

English: bairnless

Scots: bairnless

From Old English bearnlēas; equivalent to barn (“child”) + -les.


barntem

English: bairn-team

Scots: bairn-time (influenced by time)

Inherited from Old English bearntēam; equivalent to barn (“child”) + tem (“group”).


tymely

English: timely

Scots: tymely (obsolete)

From Old English tīmlīce; equivalent to and reinforced by tyme (“time”) + -ly.


tymeful

English: timeful (archaic)

(rare) Having a duration or period of time.


Cristemasse

English: Christmas (see there for further descendants)

Scots: Christenmas

From Old English Cristes mæsse; equivalent to Criste + messe.


Nowel

English: Noel, noel

From Middle French noel or Anglo-Norman noel, from Latin nātālis [diēs Dominī] (“birthday of the Lord”).


Schyre Thursday

English: Sheer Thursday (dated, with shire replaced by sheer)

Scots: Skyre Thuirsday (with schyre replaced by skyre)

The celebrations that occur at Maundy Thursday.


Paske day

Scots: Pace Day


myle

English: mile

Scots: mile

From Old English mīl, from Proto-West Germanic *mīliju. The final vowel is generalised from Old English inflected forms.

The time it takes to walk a mile (reckoned at 20 minutes)


snewen

snewen (infinitive)
to snewen (infinitive)
snewe (infinitive)
snewe (first-person present singular)
snewed (first-person past singular)
snewest (present second-person singular)
snewedest (past second-person singular)
sneweth (present singular third-person)
snewed (past singular third-person)
snewe (present singular subjunctive)
snewed (past singular subjunctive)
snewe (imperative present singular)
snewen (plural present)
snewe (plural present)
sneweden (past plural)
snewede (past plural)
sneweth (imperative plural present)
snewe (imperative plural present)
snewynge (participle present)
snewende (participle present)
snewed (participle past)
ysnewed (participle past)

English: snew

Inherited from Old English snīwan, from Proto-West Germanic *snīwan, from Proto-Germanic *snīwaną.

(intransitive) To snow; to generate snow.

It snewed in his hous of mete and drynke

c. 1385, Geoffrey Chaucer, “General Prologue”, in Canterbury Tales:

(intransitive, rare) To abound; to rain.


snowen

snowen (infinitive)
to snowen (infinitive)
snowe (infinitive)
snowe (first-person present singular)
snowed (first-person past singular)
snowest (present second-person singular)
snowedest (past second-person singular)
snoweth (present singular third-person)
snowed (past singular third-person)
snowe (present singular subjunctive)
snowed (past singular subjunctive)
snowe (imperative present singular)
snowen (plural present)
snowe (plural present)
snoweden (past plural)
snowede (past plural)
snoweth (imperative plural present)
snowe (imperative plural present)
snowynge (participle present)
snowende (participle present)
snowed (participle past)
ysnowed (participle past)

English: snow

Scots: snaw


vespertyne

English: vespertine

From Latin vespertīnus (“occurring in the evening”).

bor

Pertaining to or occurring during the evening.


isykle

English: icicle

gl

< Middle English <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">iseȝokill</i>

Early Scots: ice-shokil (< Middle English iseȝokill)

desc

Scots: iceshogle, iceshoggle, ishogle, eeshogel, schokle, sheckle, shockle, shaikle

→? Elfdalian: aisikkel


bente mone

enm-noun

bente mone (plural bente mones or bente monen)

bente mones (plural)
bente monen (plural)

(astronomy) A crescent moon, either waxing or waning.


newe mone

newe mone (plural newe mones or newe monen)

English: new moon

(astronomy) The phase of the moon when in conjunction with the sun; the new moon.


ful mone

ful mone (plural ful mones or ful monen)

full moon

(astronomy) The phase of the moon when in opposition with the sun; the full moon.


in þe newe of þe mone

(astronomy) During the time when the moon is in conjunction with the sun; during the new moon.


at þe fulle of þe mone

(astronomy) During the time when the moon is in opposition with the sun; during the full moon.


olde mone

olde mone (plural olde mones or olde monen)

English: old moon

(astronomy) A moon in its final phase before new; a waning crescent moon.


yong mone

yong mone (plural yong mones or yong monen)

English: young moon

(astronomy) A moon in its first phase after new; a waxing crescent moon.


yong sonne

(astronomy) In the first quarter of the solar year, after the vernal equinox.


Aschewednysday

English: Ash Wednesday

Scots: Ess-Wadensday

From asche (“burnt matter”) + Wednesday.


journe

English: journey

Scots: jurney

Borrowed from Old French jornee, from Vulgar Latin *diurnāta.


reren

reren (infinitive)
to reren (infinitive)
rere (infinitive)
rere (first-person present singular)
rered (first-person past singular)
rerest (present second-person singular)
reredest (past second-person singular)
rereth (present singular third-person)
rered (past singular third-person)
rere (present singular subjunctive)
rered (past singular subjunctive)
rere (imperative present singular)
reren (plural present)
rere (plural present)
rereden (past plural)
rerede (past plural)
rereth (imperative plural present)
rere (imperative plural present)
rerynge (participle present)
rerende (participle present)
rered (participle past)
yrered (participle past)

English: rear

Scots: rere, reir

From Old English rǣran, from Proto-West Germanic *raiʀijan, from Proto-Germanic *raisijaną, *raizijaną. Doublet of reysen.

To raise or rear creatures or offspring; to mother or father.


day sterne

Scots: daystern

Morning star; a bright celestial body visible to the naked eye in the eastern sky near dawn; typically Venus, sometimes Mercury.


daysterre

daysterre (plural daysterres or daysterren)

English: daystar

From Old English dæġsteorra, equivalent to day + sterre.

further alternative forms at day and sterre


ende-day

English: end-day (obsolete)

Scots: end-day (obsolete)

From Old English endedæġ; equivalent to ende + day.


endeles

English: endless

Scots: endless

From Old English endelēas, from Proto-Germanic *andijalausaz; equivalent to ende + -les.

Unending in time; endless, timeless, lasting without end.


endeles

For an infinite time; endlessly, timelessly, lasting without end.


endelesly

English: endlessly

From Old English endelēaslīce; equivalent to endeles + -ly.


endelesnesse

English: endlessness

From Old English endelēasnes; equivalent to endeles + -nesse.

(rare, Late Middle English) endlessness, eternalness


endyng

English: ending

Scots: endin

Yola: endeen

From Old English endung, ġeendung; equivalent to ende + -ing.

An ending, termination, or conclusion.
The end of one's life; death or dying.

(Christianity) The end of the current world; the biblical Apocalypse.

The ending point of a literary creation or work.

An ending, termination, or conclusion.
A grammatical ending; a suffix.


endyng day

The day which one dies on; one's deathday.


dotynge

English: doting


noricerie

English: nursery

Scots: norsery

Borrowed from Middle French nourricerie; equivalent to norice + -erie.

(rare) A nursery (place where children are cared for)


norischen

norischen (infinitive)
to norischen (infinitive)
norische (infinitive)
norische (first-person present singular)
norisched (first-person past singular)
norischest (present second-person singular)
norischedest (past second-person singular)
norischeth (present singular third-person)
norisched (past singular third-person)
norische (present singular subjunctive)
norisched (past singular subjunctive)
norische (imperative present singular)
norischen (plural present)
norische (plural present)
norischeden (past plural)
norischede (past plural)
norischeth (imperative plural present)
norische (imperative plural present)
norischynge (participle present)
norischende (participle present)
norisched (participle past)
ynorisched (participle past)

English: nourish

Scots: nourish

From Old French nouriss-, stem of norrir, from Latin nūtriō.

To nourish; to provide with food or nourishment.

To breastfeed; to provide with breastmilk.

To give birth; to reproduce or create offspring.


norisshyng

(rare) Reproduction; giving birth or producing offspring.


norischer

English: nourisher

Borrowed from Old French norrisseor; equivalent to norischen + -er.

(rare) A person who educates and fosters a child.


norisshement

English: nourishment

Borrowed from Middle French, from Old French norrissement; equivalent to norischen + -ment.


norischaunt

Borrowed from Old French norrissant; equivalent to norischen + -ant.


norture

English: nurture

Scots: norter, nortar

Borrowed from Old French norriture, from Late Latin nūtrītūra.

The bringing up of a child; nurture or raising.

Courteousness, etiquette, customs, politeness.


norturen

norturen (infinitive)
to norturen (infinitive)
norture (infinitive)
norture (first-person present singular)
nortured (first-person past singular)
norturest (present second-person singular)
norturedest (past second-person singular)
nortureth (present singular third-person)
nortured (past singular third-person)
norture (present singular subjunctive)
nortured (past singular subjunctive)
norture (imperative present singular)
norturen (plural present)
norture (plural present)
nortureden (past plural)
norturede (past plural)
nortureth (imperative plural present)
norture (imperative plural present)
norturynge (participle present)
norturende (participle present)
nortured (participle past)
ynortured (participle past)

English: nurture

Scots: norter

From norture + -en (infinitival suffix).


kalende

English: calends

From Old English calend, a singular form back-formed from Latin kalendae, calendae.

The fyrste daye of a monthe hath the name of Kalendis.

1398, Bartholomew de Glanville, translated by John Trevisa, De Proprietatibus Rerum, Ch. ix, Section xxi, p. 359:

14th century, John Trevisa translating Bartholomaeus Anglicus's De Proprietatibus Rerum, folio 119

The canicular days begin on the fifteenth kalends of August [i.e., July 18th] and end on the nones [i.e., 5th] of September, and so they are even fifty as it is said there.

Þe caniculer dayes biginnyth in þe fiftenþe kalendis of august and endiþ in þe nonis of septembris, and so þey ben euene fifty as it is seide þere.

Calends, the first day of a month, particularly a Roman month.


sodeyn

English: sudden

q

Scots: sudden, suddent (modified to match the Middle Scots past participle -and, -ant)

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman sodein, from Latin subitāneus.

(rare) Ephemeral; short-lived or impermanent.


sodeynly

English: suddenly

Scots: suddenly, suddently (modified to match the Middle Scots past participle -and, -ant)


souken

souken (infinitive)
to souken (infinitive)
souke (infinitive)
souke (first-person present singular)
sek (first-person past singular)
sok (first-person past singular)
souked (first-person past singular)
soukest (present second-person singular)
soke (past second-person singular)
sek (past second-person singular)
sok (past second-person singular)
soukedest (past second-person singular)
souketh (present singular third-person)
sek (past singular third-person)
sok (past singular third-person)
souked (past singular third-person)
souke (present singular subjunctive)
soke (past singular subjunctive)
souked (past singular subjunctive)
souke (imperative present singular)
souken (plural present)
souke (plural present)
soken (past plural)
soke (past plural)
soukeden (past plural)
soukede (past plural)
souketh (imperative plural present)
souke (imperative plural present)
soukynge (participle present)
soukende (participle present)
soken (participle past)
soke (participle past)
souked (participle past)
ysoken (participle past)
ysoke (participle past)
ysouked (participle past)

English: suck

Scots: souke

Inherited from Old English sūcan, sūgan, from Proto-West Germanic *sūkan, *sūgan, from Proto-Germanic *sūkaną, *sūganą.

To suck (to draw with the mouth):
To breastfeed (of an infant)


quantite

English: quantity

Borrowed from Old French quantité, from Latin quantitās.

Number, quantity or amount (either discrete or continuous):

Amount or length of time (that something occurs or happens over]


duracioun

English: duration

From Old French duracion, from Medieval Latin dūrātiō.


swathlen

swathlen (infinitive)
to swathlen (infinitive)
swathle (infinitive)
swathle (first-person present singular)
swathled (first-person past singular)
swathlest (present second-person singular)
swathledest (past second-person singular)
swathleth (present singular third-person)
swathled (past singular third-person)
swathle (present singular subjunctive)
swathled (past singular subjunctive)
swathle (imperative present singular)
swathlen (plural present)
swathle (plural present)
swathleden (past plural)
swathlede (past plural)
swathleth (imperative plural present)
swathle (imperative plural present)
swathlynge (participle present)
swathlende (participle present)
swathled (participle past)
yswathled (participle past)

English: swaddle

Scots: sweel

From swathel + -en (infinitival suffix).

To swaddle; to bind a baby in strips of cloth.


swaþelynge

English: swaddling

Scots: sweelin


swathen

swathen (infinitive)
to swathen (infinitive)
swathe (infinitive)
swathe (first-person present singular)
swathed (first-person past singular)
swathest (present second-person singular)
swathedest (past second-person singular)
swatheth (present singular third-person)
swathed (past singular third-person)
swathe (present singular subjunctive)
swathed (past singular subjunctive)
swathe (imperative present singular)
swathen (plural present)
swathe (plural present)
swatheden (past plural)
swathede (past plural)
swatheth (imperative plural present)
swathe (imperative plural present)
swathynge (participle present)
swathende (participle present)
swathed (participle past)
yswathed (participle past)

English: swathe

From Old English *swaþian, *sweþan; equivalent to swathe (“strip”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


sevenyght

English: sevennight, sennight


sevenyght

English: sennight


governail

English: governail (archaic)

Middle Scots: governall

Borrowed from Middle French governail, from Old French governail, governaille, from Latin gubernāculum.

The duration an office is held for; reign, tenure.


eternyte

English: eternity

Scots: eternity

Borrowed from Old French eternité, eternitez, from Latin aeternitās; equivalent to eterne + -ite.

Existence without end; eternity, lasting forever.

The expanse of time; all of time (contrasted with time)

(rare) A large amount or quantity of time.


lawday

A day when a local court meets, especially the court for each of the hundreds (administrative divisions)


ynche

enm-noun

ynche (plural ynches or enchen or ynche)

ynches (plural)
enchen (plural)
ynche (plural)

English: inch (see there for further descendants)

Scots: inch

From Old English ynċe, from earlier *unċi-, from Latin uncia. Doublet of ounce.


hornesse

Inherited from Old English hārnes; equivalent to hor (“hoar”) + -nesse.


antiquyte

English: antiquity, Antiquity

Borrowed from Old French antiquité, antiquitet, borrowed itself from Latin antīquitās.

The length of time an institution has existed for.


thryven

thryven (infinitive)
to thryven (infinitive)
thryve (infinitive)
thryve (first-person present singular)
throf (first-person past singular)
thryvest (present second-person singular)
throve (past second-person singular)
thryve (past second-person singular)
threve (past second-person singular)
throf (past second-person singular)
thryveth (present singular third-person)
throf (past singular third-person)
thryve (present singular subjunctive)
throve (past singular subjunctive)
thryve (past singular subjunctive)
threve (past singular subjunctive)
thryve (imperative present singular)
thryven (plural present)
thryve (plural present)
throven (past plural)
throve (past plural)
thryven (past plural)
thryve (past plural)
threven (past plural)
threve (past plural)
thryveth (imperative plural present)
thryve (imperative plural present)
thryvynge (participle present)
thryvende (participle present)
thryven (participle past)
thryve (participle past)
threven (participle past)
threve (participle past)

English: thrive

Scots: thrive

Yola: threeve

From Old Norse þrífa, from Proto-Germanic *þrībaną. Cognates include Old Swedish þrīvas.

To sprout, age or become bigger; to experience growth or development.


douthe

English: douth

Scots: duthe, douth

Inherited from Old English duguþ, from Proto-West Germanic *dugunþu, from Proto-Germanic *dugunþō.
The final vowel is generalised from the Old English oblique forms; for further notes on phonological development, see youthe.

(rare) Maturity; the state of being mature.


childhode

English: childhood

Scots: childheid (obsolete)

From Old English ċildhād; equivalent to child + -hede.

(rare) The state of being someone's offspring.


childles

English: childless


childissh

English: childish

From Old English ċildisċ; equivalent to child + -yssh.


Childermasse day

English: Childermas (day)


childen

childen (infinitive)
to childen (infinitive)
childe (infinitive)
childe (first-person present singular)
childed (first-person past singular)
childest (present second-person singular)
childedest (past second-person singular)
childeth (present singular third-person)
childed (past singular third-person)
childe (present singular subjunctive)
childed (past singular subjunctive)
childe (imperative present singular)
childen (plural present)
childe (plural present)
childeden (past plural)
childede (past plural)
childeth (imperative plural present)
childe (imperative plural present)
childynge (participle present)
childende (participle present)
childed (participle past)
ychilded (participle past)

English: child (verb) (archaic)

(transitive, intransitive) To give birth to a child; to beget or procreate.


differren

differren (infinitive)
to differren (infinitive)
differre (infinitive)
differre (first-person present singular)
differred (first-person past singular)
differrest (present second-person singular)
differredest (past second-person singular)
differreth (present singular third-person)
differred (past singular third-person)
differre (present singular subjunctive)
differred (past singular subjunctive)
differre (imperative present singular)
differren (plural present)
differre (plural present)
differreden (past plural)
differrede (past plural)
differreth (imperative plural present)
differre (imperative plural present)
differrynge (participle present)
differrende (participle present)
differred (participle past)
ydifferred (participle past)

English: differ; defer (Etymology 1)

Scots: differ

Borrowed from Old French differer, diferer, from Latin differō.

To postpone or defer; to do later than was planned.


attome

English: atom

Scots: atom

From Middle French athome, from Latin atomus (“smallest particle”), from Ancient Greek ἄτομος (átomos, “indivisible”).

der

atom (fifteen ninety-fourths of a second)


mynute

English: minute
Tok Pisin: minit

Scots: meenit

From Old French minute, from Medieval Latin minūta. Compare menuse.

minute (sixtieth of an hour or similar period)


concepcioun

English: conception

Borrowed from Old French conception, from Latin conceptiō.


Michelmasse

English: Michaelmas

Scots: Michaelmas

Yola: Michaulmas


dwellynge

English: dwelling


trinite

English: Trinity

Scots: treenity, Tarnty

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman trinite and Old French ternite, from Latin trīnitās, trīnitātem; equivalent to trine + -ite.


chesen

chesen (infinitive)
to chesen (infinitive)
chese (infinitive)
chese (first-person present singular)
chees (first-person past singular)
chas (first-person past singular)
chesest (present second-person singular)
chose (past second-person singular)
chees (past second-person singular)
chas (past second-person singular)
cheseth (present singular third-person)
chees (past singular third-person)
chas (past singular third-person)
chese (present singular subjunctive)
chose (past singular subjunctive)
chese (imperative present singular)
chesen (plural present)
chese (plural present)
chosen (past plural)
chose (past plural)
cheseth (imperative plural present)
chese (imperative plural present)
chesynge (participle present)
chesende (participle present)
chosen (participle past)
ychosen (participle past)
chose (participle past)
ychose (participle past)
coren (participle past)
ycoren (participle past)
core (participle past)
ycore (participle past)
corn (participle past)
ycorn (participle past)

English: choose

Scots: chuise, cheese

From Old English ċēosan, from Proto-West Germanic *keusan, from Proto-Germanic *keusaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵews-.
The variant with /eː/ shows the regular development of the Old English diphthong. The variant with /oː/ (the source of the modern form) is from an unattested Old English variant in which the stress was shifted to the second element of the diphthong. Compare with a similar development in shoten, which has /eː/ and /oː/ after a palatal consonant.


infancie

English: infancy

From Latin īnfantia and Old French enfance.


nyghtly

English: nightly

Scots: nichtly

From Old English nihtlīċ. Equivalent to nyght + -ly (adjectival suffix); the adverb is from the adjective.


yongly

English: youngly

From Old English ġeonglīċ; equivalent to yong + -ly (adjectival suffix).


demuren

demuren (infinitive)
to demuren (infinitive)
demure (infinitive)
demure (first-person present singular)
demured (first-person past singular)
demurest (present second-person singular)
demuredest (past second-person singular)
demureth (present singular third-person)
demured (past singular third-person)
demure (present singular subjunctive)
demured (past singular subjunctive)
demure (imperative present singular)
demuren (plural present)
demure (plural present)
demureden (past plural)
demurede (past plural)
demureth (imperative plural present)
demure (imperative plural present)
demurynge (participle present)
demurende (participle present)
demured (participle past)

English: demur

From Anglo-Norman demorer, from Vulgar Latin dēmoro, from Latin dēmoror; equivalent to demure (“delay”) + -en (infinitival ending).


cradel

English: cradle

Scots: cradle, craddle, creddle

From Old English cradol, from Proto-West Germanic *kradul, from Proto-Germanic *kradulaz. Compare cart.


unstedefast

English: unsteadfast

Inherited from Old English unstedefæst; equivalent to un- + stedefast.

Lacking permanence; temporary, impermanent, passing.


stedefastly

English: steadfastly

Scots: steadfastly

From stedefast + -ly (adverbial suffix).

Uninterruptedly, eternally; without halt.


stedefastnesse

English: steadfastness

Middle Scots: steidfastnes

Inherited from Old English stedefæstnes; equivalent to stedefast + -nesse.

Perdurance; continual existence or endurance.


bareyne

English: barren

Scots: barren

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman baraing, baraigne (continental Old French brehaigne), of unknown origin, but perhaps borrowed from a Germanic language, from Frankish *baʀ (“bare, naked”).


spryng

English: spring

Scots: spring

Originally two distinct nouns:
* Old English spring, from Proto-West Germanic *spring, from Proto-Germanic *springaz (“watersource”).
* Old English spryng, from Proto-West Germanic *sprungi, from Proto-Germanic *sprungiz (“leap”), both nouns ultimately related to *springaną.

A source or origin; that which something originates from.

(rare) The season between winter and summer; spring.


stedefast

English: steadfast

Middle Scots: stedfast

Inherited from Old English stedefæst, from Proto-West Germanic *stadifast, from Proto-Germanic *stadifastaz; equivalent to stede (“place”) + -fast.


rymthe

desc

remodelled after <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">room</i>

English: roomth (remodelled after room)

>? Middle Scots: rind

Apparently inherited from Old English rȳmþ (despite the gap in attestation), from Proto-West Germanic *rūmiþu; equivalent to roum + -the (abstract nominal suffix).

(Late Middle English, rare) room (space or opportunity to do something)


youthe

q

obsolete <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">yought</i>

English: youth (obsolete yought)

desc

Middle Scots: ȝouthe, ȝouth, ȝowth, ȝewth, youth

Scots: youth

From the oblique forms of Old English ġeoguþ ([ˈju.ɣuθ]), from Proto-West Germanic *jugunþi, from Proto-Germanic *jugunþiz; loosely equivalent to yong + -the (abstract nominal suffix). Compare yongthe.
Notes on phonological development (compare droghte and douthe, which this word's development closely parallels)
Forms with /ð/ continue the consonantism of the Old English oblique forms (from Old English [ɣð]), while forms in /θ/ mostly represent final devoicing of /ð/. Unlike in droghte, these two form types predominate in Middle English; the forms with /xt/ and /xθ/ (from early syncope in the Old English nominative singular ġeoguþ, then levelling of the resulting consonantism to the oblique forms) are much rarer.
Shortening of the long vowel was regular in all variants of this word in Late Old English, either due to the trisyllabicity of inflected forms or because of the following consonant cluster; in forms with /ð/, /θ/, the long vowel reflects a regular change from /uɣ/ to /uː/, while in those with /xt/, /xθ/, it is due to lengthening before /x/. Some Middle English varieties apparently underwent a change of /juː/ to /jiu̯/; Modern English (and Scots) /juːθ/ can reflect either the changed or unchanged form. In Early Modern English, forms with a short vowel (/jʊθ/) are recorded; these may originate from shortening in youthhede. However, there is no evidence that such forms existed in Middle English.

col-top

Youth (part of life following childhood):

(rare) The youth or childhood of an animal.

(rare) The early stage of an institution or phenomenon.


youthhede

English: youthhood, youthhead

Scots: youthheid, youtheid, youthit

From the oblique cases of Old English ġeoguþhād, *ġeoguþhǣd; equivalent to youthe + -hede.


fourtenyght

desc

dialectal <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">fortnith</i>

English: fortnight (dialectal fortnith)

Scots: fortnicht, fornicht

Inherited from Old English fēowertīene niht (“fourteen nights”); equivalent to fourtene (“fourteen”) + nyght (“nights”).


berdles

English: beardless

Scots: beardless

Inherited from Old English beardlēas; by surface analysis, berd + -les.


acounten

enm-verb

acounten (third-person singular simple present acounteth, present participle acountende, acountynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle acounted)

acounteth (present singular third-person)
acountende (participle present)
acountynge (participle present)
acounted (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
acounten (infinitive)
to acounten (infinitive)
acounte (infinitive)
acounte (first-person present singular)
acounted (first-person past singular)
acountest (present second-person singular)
acountedest (past second-person singular)
acounteth (present singular third-person)
acounted (past singular third-person)
acounte (present singular subjunctive)
acounted (past singular subjunctive)
acounte (imperative present singular)
acounten (plural present)
acounte (plural present)
acounteden (past plural)
acountede (past plural)
acounteth (imperative plural present)
acounte (imperative plural present)
acountynge (participle present)
acountende (participle present)
acounted (participle past)

English: account, accompt

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman acounter, aconter; equivalent to acounte (“account”) + -en (infinitival suffix) or a- + counten (“to count”).

af

To measure or calculate (especially time):

To count (enumerate; give the number of)


computacioun

English: computation

Borrowed from Middle French computation or its etymon Latin computātiō (“computation”), from computō (“to compute”); compare counten.

Computation, calculation (of time or in arithmetic or astronomy).


mydsomer

English: midsummer, Midsummer

Middle Scots: midsomer, midsymmer

Scots: midsimmer

Inherited from Old English midsumor, from Proto-West Germanic *midisumar, from Proto-Germanic *midjasumaraz; equivalent to myd- + somer.

Midsummer; the summer solstice or the period around it.

Midsummer Day/the Nativity of John the Baptist.


mydwinter

English: midwinter

Inherited from Old English midwinter, from Proto-West Germanic *midiwintru, from Proto-Germanic *midjawintruz; equivalent to myd- + winter.