lord

From Old English hlāford, hlāfweard, in turn from hlāf (“bread, loaf”) + weard (“ward, guardian, keeper”).

c. 1400, Lay Folks Mass, Bk. App. iii. 125

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

(Christianity) Lord: Jesus Christ, God the Son


homage

English: homage

Scots: homage

→ Irish: ómós

From Old French homage, hommage, from Medieval Latin homināticum.

An oath of loyalty to a liege performed by their vassal; a pledge of allegiance.

Money given to a liege by a vassal or the privilege of collecting such money.

(rare) Membership in an organised religion or belief system.

(rare) The totality of a feudal lord's subjects when collected.


glove

English: glove

→ Zulu: igilavu

Scots: gluive, gluve

Inherited from Old English *glōfa (variant of glōf), from Proto-West Germanic *glōfō, from Proto-Germanic *galōfô; equivalent to y- + love (“palm”).

A glove or gauntlet in various symbolic uses:

Signifying worthlessness or unimportance.


constable

English: constable

Scots: constable

Borrowed from Old French conestable; compare counte (“count”), stable (“stable”).


noble

English: noble

From Old French noble, from Latin nōbilis.


ferme

English: firm (remodelled after Latin)

Scots: firm (remodelled after Latin)

From Old French ferm, ferme, from Latin firmus, from Proto-Italic *fermos.


burgage

English: burgage

Borrowed from Old French bourgage and Medieval Latin burgāgium; equivalent to Old French bourg + -age.

(rare) The tenure that such land is held under; burgage.


lege

English: liege

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman lige, liege; further etymology is disputed.

Pledged to obey one's superiors; subject to duty by an authority.


vavasour

English: vavasour

From Old French vavasour, from Medieval Latin vavassor, perhaps from vassus vassōrum (“vassal of vassals”).

A shirreve hadde he been, and a contour. / Was nowher swich a worthy vavasour.

Late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales


dreng

→ Medieval Latin: drengus

→ English: dreng, drenge

>? Scots: dring

Inherited from Old English drenġ, from Proto-West Germanic *drangī, from Proto-Germanic *drangijaz. Some forms are influenced by Old Norse drengr.

(poetic) A warrior or soldier; a person who fights.

A follower of a lord; a member of a host.


baronie

English: barony

Yola: baronie, barony

Borrowed from Old French baronie; equivalent to baroun + -ie.

baronage, nobility (body of barons or nobles)


homager

English: homager

A vassal; one who pledges allegiance to a feudal superior.


maner

English: manor

Scots: maner

→ Middle Irish: mainér

Irish: mainéar

Borrowed from Old French manoir, from Latin manēre (“to stay”).


maner

English: manner

Scots: mainer

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman manere, from Vulgar Latin, Late Latin manuāria, from manuarius.

(rare) A provision; a statement depending on a condition.


servise

English: service (see there for further descendants)

Scots: service

Borrowed from Old French servise, from Latin servitium. By surface analysis, serven + -ise.

Service (performance of required tasks):

The state of being employed; employment (often as a servant or attendant):

The labour or money required by one's feudal lord.

Loyalty or allegiance:
Feudal homage or allegiance; vassalage.

A religious service or the directions for one.


knyght

English: knight

Scots: knicht

Yola: nickht

From Old English cniht, from Proto-West Germanic *kneht.


servage

English: servage

Borrowed from Old French servage; equivalent to serven + -age.

(feudalism) A payment or service required by a liege.


feal

Middle Scots: feall, fiall

Scots: feal, feele (obsolete)

→ English: feal

Probably borrowed from Anglo-Norman feal (“faithful”), earlier fedeil, from Latin fidēlis; compare feaute.
In Middle English, reinterpreted as fe (“fee”) + -al, influencing both the sense and form.

bor+

A stipend or allowance given to someone.

(rare) Ownership of land under feudalism.

(rare) Fealty; feudal allegiance, fidelity, or loyalty.


bedrip

English: bedrip

Yola: bederup

From Old English bedrīp, equivalent to bede (“request”) + ripe (“reaping”).

A day of reaping demanded from tenants by their feudal lord


seignurie

English: seigniory, signory

From Old French seignurie; equivalent to senyour + -ie.


counte

English: county

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman counté, from Latin comitātus; equivalent to counte (“count”) + -te.

A traditional county or shire of England, Ireland, Scotland, or Wales.


lege man

English: liegeman

A liegeman; one who is subordinate to a feudal superior.

(rare) One who is obedient to their superior.


legiaunce

English: ligeance, liegance

⇒ English: ligeancy

Middle Scots: legiance

Borrowed from Old French legeance, ligeance, ligance; equivalent to lege (“liege”) + -aunce.

The power exercised or available to a feudal liege or superior.


manrede

English: manred, mandred (obsolete)

Middle Scots: manred, manrent

→ English: manrent

Inherited from Old English manrǣden (“homage, service”); equivalent to man (“man”) + -rede (“-hood”).

inh+

(rare, Late Middle English) Vassals; the men pledged to a feudal lord.


curfu

English: curfew

Borrowed from Old French cuevre-feu. Forms ending in -r are due to the influence of fyr (“fire”).


escheten

escheten (infinitive)
to escheten (infinitive)
eschete (first-person present singular)
escheted (first-person past singular)
eschete (first-person past singular)
eschetest (present second-person singular)
eschetedest (past second-person singular)
eschetest (past second-person singular)
escheteth (present singular third-person)
escheted (past singular third-person)
eschete (past singular third-person)
eschete (present singular subjunctive)
escheted (past singular subjunctive)
eschete (past singular subjunctive)
eschete (imperative present singular)
escheten (plural present)
eschete (plural present)
escheteden (past plural)
eschetede (past plural)
escheten (past plural)
eschete (past plural)
escheteth (imperative plural present)
eschete (imperative plural present)
eschetynge (participle present)
eschetende (participle present)
escheted (participle past)
eschet (participle past)

English: escheat

/ɛsˈt͡ʃɛːtən/

Borrowed from Old French escheoiter, from escheoit, past participle of escheoir (“to fall”); equivalent to eschete + -en (infinitival suffix). Compare acheten.

To take property from one's feudal subjects; to escheat.


eschete

English: escheat

/ɛsˈt͡ʃɛːt(ə)/

Borrowed from Old French escheoit m, escheoite f, past participle of escheoir (“to fall”). Compare escheten and achete.

Any property taken in this way (sometimes given to another subject)


eschetour

English: escheator, escheater

/ɛsˌt͡ʃɛːˈtuːr/

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman eschetour; corresponding to escheten + -our.

escheator (royal officer that records escheated property)


escheterie

→ English: escheatery (calque)

/ɛsˌt͡ʃɛːtəˈriː(ə)/

/ɛsˈt͡ʃɛːtəriː(ə)/

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman escheterie; corresponding to escheten + -erie.

(rare) The medieval English governmental office that recorded escheated property; the escheatery.


acheten

acheten (infinitive)
to acheten (infinitive)
achete (first-person present singular)
acheted (first-person past singular)
achetest (present second-person singular)
achetedest (past second-person singular)
acheteth (present singular third-person)
acheted (past singular third-person)
achete (present singular subjunctive)
acheted (past singular subjunctive)
achete (imperative present singular)
acheten (plural present)
achete (plural present)
acheteden (past plural)
achetede (past plural)
acheteth (imperative plural present)
achete (imperative plural present)
achetynge (participle present)
achetende (participle present)
acheted (participle past)

English: cheat

Scots: cheat, chate, chait

/aˈt͡ʃɛːtən/

Modification of escheten, possibly reflecting the loss of French preconsonantal /s/; equivalent to achete + -en (infinitival suffix).

(rare) To take property from one's feudal subjects; to escheat.


achete

English: cheat

/ˈt͡ʃɛːt(ə)/

A modification of eschete paralleling the formation of acheten from escheten.

Escheat; the acquisition of property left without an inheritor.


chetour

desc

English: cheater (obsolete in this sense)

/t͡ʃɛːˈtuːr/


alegiaunce

English: allegiance

Scots: allegiance

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman alegaunce (“loyalty of a liege-servant to one's lord”), a modification of legaunce influenced by other words starting with the prefix a-. Equivalent to a- + legiaunce.


feaute

desc

English: fealty (/l/ restored due to learned influence)

Middle Scots: fewte

⇒ Scots: feauto

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman fëauté, fëalté, earlier fedeilted, from Latin fidelitātem. A doublet of fidelite; also compare feal, feith.


fidelite

English: fidelity

From Latin fidelitātem, possibly through Middle French fidelité; doublet of feaute.