blood

English: blood

Geordie English: bluid

Scots: bluid

Yola: blooed

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃-?
Proto-Germanic *blōþą
Proto-West Germanic *blōd
Old English blōd
Middle English blood
From Old English blōd, from Proto-West Germanic *blōd, from Proto-Germanic *blōþą, of uncertain origin.


sap

English: sap

Scots: sap, saup

From Old English sæp, from Proto-West Germanic *sap, from Proto-Indo-European *sep-.


dew

English: dew

Scots: dew, deow, dyow

Yola: dhew

Inherited from Old English dēaw, from Proto-West Germanic *dauw, from Proto-Germanic *dawwaz, *dawwą.


potable

English: potable

Borrowed from Old French potable, from Latin pōtābilis.


moisture

English: moisture

Borrowed from Old French moistour; equivalent to moiste + -ure.


pipe

English: pipe (see there for further descendants)

Scots: pipe

Yola: peeps (plural)

Inherited from Old English pīpe, from Proto-West Germanic *pīpā; reinforced by Vulgar Latin *pīpa; some senses are from Old French pipe.

A pipe; a piece of tubing used as a channel (often for fluids):

(medicine) A syringe; a hollow tube for medical removal or insertion.

Any other medical device or equipment based around a chamber or pipe.

A barrel or tub; a container or vessel for the storage of bulk goods, especially wine.


beverage

English: beverage

Scots: beverage, baiverage

From Old French beverage, variant of bevrage; equivalent to bever + -age. For forms such as berage, compare Middle French berage, variant of breuvage.

Such a beverage used to close negotiations; said negotiations in themselves.

Hardship, pain, torment; events that are hard to handle.


dam

English: dam

Scots: dam

From Old English *damm, from Proto-West Germanic *damm.


must

English: must

From Old English must and Old French must, most, both from Latin mustum.


humour

English: humour (see there for further descendants)

Scots: humour

From Old French humor, from Latin hūmor, ūmor.

medicinal humors: humour: coler · flewme · malencolie · sanguine [edit]

A "cardinal humour" (four liquids believed to affect health and mood)

A bodily liquid or substance that causes disease or affliction.

A bodily liquid or substance that is caused by disease.

Any fluid; something which flows or moves in a fluidous manner:

The liquid contained within a plant; plant juices.

(rare) A liquid of the human body (e.g. blood)

A mist or gas; a substance dissipated in the air.


wort

English: wort

Scots: wort, wirt

From Old English wyrt (“wort”), from Proto-West Germanic *wurtiju.

Wort (as in brewing) or an analogous mixture (e.g. used for mead)


frost

English: frost

Scots: frost

Yola: vrosth, vroste, vrast

From Old English frost, forst, from Proto-West Germanic *frost, from Proto-Germanic *frustaz, *frustą; akin to Middle Dutch vorst, Middle High German vrost, Middle Low German vrost, and Old Swedish frost.

Hail; precipitation below freezing temperature.


stale

English: stale

Borrowed from Old French estale (“settled, clear”), probably connected to Proto-Germanic *stāną (“to stand”).

bor+

c. 1300, K. Horn (Laud), 383

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Bi forn þe king abenche Red win to schenche And after mete stale Boþe win and ale.

Notemuge to putte in ale, Whether it be moyste or stale

c. 1386, Geoffrey Chaucer, Sir Thopas, section 52:

(alcoholic beverages) clear, free of dregs and lees; old and strong


whey

English: whey (whig)

Scots: quhaye, quhay, quhey, whey, fey

From Old English hwǣġ, hwæiġ, hwæġ, hweġ, from Proto-West Germanic *hwaij (“whey”).

The leftovers from milk curdled during cheesemaking; whey.

(rare) The result of strained almond milk.


ale

English: ale

Geordie English: yel

Scots: yill, ale, aill, ayll

⇒ Yola: aalhouse

From Old English ealu, from Proto-West Germanic *alu, from Proto-Germanic *alu, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂elut-.


bastard

English: bastard

Scots: bastart, bastert

From Anglo-Norman bastard; equivalent to bast (“illegitimacy”) + -ard.

a kind of fortified wine, often with spices added


bastard

English: bastard

Scots: bastart, bastert

coming not from wedlock, coming from bastardy; illegitimate

(rare) made using or incorporating fortified wine


deluge

English: deluge

From Old French deluge, from Latin dīluvium.

(rare, figurative) Any cataclysmic or catastrophic event.


broth

English: broth

→ Scottish Gaelic: brot

Scots: broth

Water in which something (usually food) has been boiled; broth.


vapour

English: vapour, vapor

Scots: vapour

Yola: vaaper

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman vapour, from Latin vapor.

Fumes or vapour; a visible gaseous emission:


jus

English: juice (see there for further descendants)

Scots: joice, jice


bever

English: bever

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman bever (modern French boire), from Latin bibō.


spume

English: spume

Borrowed from Old French espume, from Latin spūma.


heed

desctree

English: head, heed, hed (obsolete), 'ead (UK, eye dialect)
→ Japanese: ヘッド (heddo)
Sranan Tongo: ede
Aukan: ede
Saramaccan: hédi

Geordie English: heed

Scots: heid

Yola: heade, haade, hade

From Old English hēafod, from Proto-West Germanic *haubud, from Proto-Germanic *haubudą (“head”).

A start or origin:
The source of a river; the headwater.


drinken

drinken (infinitive)
to drinken (infinitive)
drinke (infinitive)
drinke (first-person present singular)
drank (first-person past singular)
drinkest (present second-person singular)
drunke (past second-person singular)
drank (past second-person singular)
drinketh (present singular third-person)
drank (past singular third-person)
drinke (present singular subjunctive)
drunke (past singular subjunctive)
drinke (imperative present singular)
drinken (plural present)
drinke (plural present)
drunken (past plural)
drunke (past plural)
drinketh (imperative plural present)
drinke (imperative plural present)
drinkynge (participle present)
drinkende (participle present)
drunken (participle past)
drunke (participle past)
ydrunken (participle past)
ydrunke (participle past)

English: drink (see there for further descendants)

Scots: drink

Yola: drink

From Old English drincan, from Proto-West Germanic *drinkan, from Proto-Germanic *drinkaną.


creme

English: cream (see there for further descendants)

From Old French cresme, creme, craime, a blend of Late Latin crisma (from Ancient Greek χρῖσμα (khrîsma)) and crāmum. Doublet of crisme.


flask

English: flask
→ Irish: fleasc
→ Welsh: fflasg

Scots: flask, flas

From Anglo-Norman flascon, from Frankish *flaskā, from Proto-Germanic *flaskǭ. Reinforced by existing Old English flasce, from the same source.

A container for the storage of garments.


flod

English: flood

Scots: fluid, flude

Inherited from Old English flōd, from Proto-Germanic *flōduz.

A waterbody or water in general (opposed to land):

A river; a waterbody that moves in one direction.

A lake or ocean; a large open body of water.

The movement of the sea (e.g. tide or flow)

(figurative) Something that flows or issues in abundance.


issue

English: issue

Borrowed from Old French issue (“exit”), from issu, past participle of issir, eissir. Compare issen.
Forms with /ʃ/ mostly do not reflect palatalisation of /s/ (as in modern English); instead, they exist because Old French /s(s)/ was perceived as being phonetically closer to Middle English /ʃ/ than to /s/.

Exit, departure; the act of leaving or going out:

(especially pathology) An outwards flow or discharge.

A result or outcome arising from something.

(rare) One's (non-biological) successors or inheritors.

(rare) An issue; a matter of dispute or controversy.


salve

English: salve

Scots: saw

From the oblique forms of Old English sealf, from Proto-West Germanic *salbu, from Proto-Germanic *salbō.


tappen

tappen (infinitive)
to tappen (infinitive)
tappe (infinitive)
tappe (first-person present singular)
tapped (first-person past singular)
tappest (present second-person singular)
tappedest (past second-person singular)
tappeth (present singular third-person)
tapped (past singular third-person)
tappe (present singular subjunctive)
tapped (past singular subjunctive)
tappe (imperative present singular)
tappen (plural present)
tappe (plural present)
tappeden (past plural)
tappede (past plural)
tappeth (imperative plural present)
tappe (imperative plural present)
tappynge (participle present)
tappende (participle present)
tapped (participle past)
ytapped (participle past)

English: tap

Scots: tap

From Old English tæppian, from Proto-Germanic *tappōną; equivalent to tappe (“plug”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


canner

English: canner

(rare, Late Middle English) A machine that removes impurities from wine.


vinous

English: vinous, vinose


pissen

pissen (infinitive)
to pissen (infinitive)
pisse (infinitive)
pisse (first-person present singular)
pissed (first-person past singular)
pissest (present second-person singular)
pissedest (past second-person singular)
pisseth (present singular third-person)
pissed (past singular third-person)
pisse (present singular subjunctive)
pissed (past singular subjunctive)
pisse (imperative present singular)
pissen (plural present)
pisse (plural present)
pisseden (past plural)
pissede (past plural)
pisseth (imperative plural present)
pisse (imperative plural present)
pissynge (participle present)
pissende (participle present)
pissed (participle past)
ypissed (participle past)

English: piss

Scots: pish

Borrowed from Old French pissier, from Vulgar Latin *pīssiāre; equivalent to pisse + -en (infinitival suffix).

To piss; to deliver urine from the genitals.

To eject any other substance through the genitals.


pisse

English: piss

Scots: pish


slider

From Old English slidor, from Proto-West Germanic *slidr.


unde

English: und


cours

desctree

English: course
→ Gulf Arabic: كورس (kōrs)

Scots: coorse

→ Welsh: cwrs

Borrowed from Old French cours, curs, from Latin cursus; compare Middle Dutch coers.

Customary behaviour or nature; custom:
Human behaviour; deportment.


cours

English: coarse

Scots: coorse

Ordinary, coarse; of inferior grade or quality.


housel

English: housel (archaic)

Scots: hoozle, ouzle (obsolete)

From Old English hūsl, hūsel, hūsul, from Proto-West Germanic *hunsl, from Proto-Germanic *hunslą.

The bread and wine utilised at Holy Communion.


marin

English: marine

Borrowed from Middle French marin, from Old French marin, from Latin marīnus. Compare mere (“sea, lake”).


mede

English: mead

Scots: meid, mede

From Old English medu, from Proto-West Germanic *medu, from Proto-Germanic *meduz, from Proto-Indo-European *médʰu. Some forms are influenced by Old Norse mjǫðr.


rother

English: rudder, rother

Scots: rudder, ruther, ruder

(rare) A stick for mixing malt during brewing.


swete

English: sweat; swot

→ Esperanto: ŝvito

desc

Scots: sweet, swate, swait, swete, sweit

From Old English swāt, from Proto-Germanic *swait-. The vocalism was sometimes influenced by swǣtan.


sappy

English: sappy

From Old English sæpiġ; equivalent to sap + -y.

(rare) sappy (having lots of sap or sapwood)


sprengen

enm-verb

sprengen (third-person singular simple present sprengeth, present participle sprengende, sprengynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle sprenged)

sprengeth (present singular third-person)
sprengende (participle present)
sprengynge (participle present)
sprenged (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
sprengen (infinitive)
to sprengen (infinitive)
sprenge (infinitive)
sprenge (first-person present singular)
spreynde (first-person past singular)
sprenged (first-person past singular)
sprengest (present second-person singular)
spreyndest (past second-person singular)
sprengedest (past second-person singular)
sprengeth (present singular third-person)
spreynde (past singular third-person)
sprenged (past singular third-person)
sprenge (present singular subjunctive)
spreynde (past singular subjunctive)
sprenged (past singular subjunctive)
sprenge (imperative present singular)
sprengen (plural present)
sprenge (plural present)
spreynden (past plural)
spreynde (past plural)
sprengeden (past plural)
sprengede (past plural)
sprengeth (imperative plural present)
sprenge (imperative plural present)
sprengynge (participle present)
sprengende (participle present)
spreynd (participle past)
sprenged (participle past)
yspreynd (participle past)
ysprenged (participle past)

English: springe (obsolete)

Inherited from Old English sprenġan, from Proto-West Germanic *sprangijan, from Proto-Germanic *sprangijaną; compare spryngen.

He wolden sowen som difficultee, / Or springen cockle in our clene corn.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Shipmans Prologue”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:

To sprinkle or asperse; to spread in small drops or bits.


floten

floten (infinitive)
to floten (infinitive)
flote (infinitive)
flote (first-person present singular)
floted (first-person past singular)
flotest (present second-person singular)
flotedest (past second-person singular)
floteth (present singular third-person)
floted (past singular third-person)
flote (present singular subjunctive)
floted (past singular subjunctive)
flote (imperative present singular)
floten (plural present)
flote (plural present)
floteden (past plural)
flotede (past plural)
floteth (imperative plural present)
flote (imperative plural present)
flotynge (participle present)
flotende (participle present)
floted (participle past)
yfloted (participle past)

English: float

→ German: floaten

Scots: flote, flot, floit

From Old English flotian, from Proto-Germanic *flutōną.

To move in or around water; to float or swim:

To float; to stay buoyant on the surface of a liquid.


laven

laven (infinitive)
to laven (infinitive)
lave (infinitive)
lave (first-person present singular)
laved (first-person past singular)
lafte (first-person past singular)
lavest (present second-person singular)
lavedest (past second-person singular)
laftest (past second-person singular)
laveth (present singular third-person)
laved (past singular third-person)
lafte (past singular third-person)
lave (present singular subjunctive)
laved (past singular subjunctive)
lafte (past singular subjunctive)
lave (imperative present singular)
laven (plural present)
lave (plural present)
laveden (past plural)
lavede (past plural)
laften (past plural)
lafte (past plural)
laveth (imperative plural present)
lave (imperative plural present)
lavynge (participle present)
lavende (participle present)
laved (participle past)
laft (participle past)
ylaved (participle past)
ylaft (participle past)

English: lave

Scots: lave

From Old English lafian, from Proto-West Germanic *labōn.


liquide

English: liquid

Borrowed from Old French liquide, from Latin liquidus.


roten

roten (third-person singular simple present roteth, present participle rotynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle roted)

roteth (present singular third-person)
rotynge (participle present)
roted (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
roten (infinitive)
to roten (infinitive)
rote (infinitive)
rote (first-person present singular)
roted (first-person past singular)
rotest (present second-person singular)
rotedest (past second-person singular)
roteth (present singular third-person)
roted (past singular third-person)
rote (present singular subjunctive)
roted (past singular subjunctive)
rote (imperative present singular)
roten (plural present)
rote (plural present)
roteden (past plural)
rotede (past plural)
roteth (imperative plural present)
rote (imperative plural present)
rotynge (participle present)
rotende (participle present)
roted (participle past)
roten (participle past)

English: rot

Scots: rot

Yola: rothed, rotheda, rothyed (adj)

Inherited from Old English rotian, from Proto-West Germanic *rotēn, from Proto-Germanic *rutāną.


roten

English: rotten

Scots: rotten

Borrowed from Old Norse rotinn (“rotten”).

bor+

Rotten or spoiled (usually of animal or plant matter):

(rare) Toxic, noxious (of gas or liquid)

(rare) Collapsing or decomposing into pieces; falling apart.

Noon helthe is in my fleiſch fro the face of thin ire; no pees is to my boonys fro the face of my ſynnes. / For my wickidneſſis ben goon ouer myn heed; as an heuy birthun, tho ben maad heuy on me. / Myn heelid woundis weren rotun, and ben brokun; fro the face of myn vnwiſdom.

a. 1382, John Wycliffe, “Psalms 37:4-6”, in Wycliffe's Bible:

No health is in my body due to the nature of your anger; no rest is in my bones due to my sinful behaviour. / For my wickedness has utterly enveloped me, like a heavy load that has weighed on me. / My healed wounds were festering, and have burst from the nature of my mistakes.

Gangrenous, infected (having necrosis or putrefaction)


dewy

English: dewy

From Old English dēawiġ, from Old English dēaw. Equivalent to dew + -y.


tappe

English: tap

Scots: tap, tapp

From Old English tæppa, from Proto-West Germanic *tappō, from Proto-Germanic *tappô.

A hole or spout for the emission of liquid.


tappe

English: tap


tappe

Alternative form of tappen (“to let flow”)


wyn

English: wine (see there for further descendants)

Scots: wyne

From Old English wīn, from Proto-West Germanic *wīn, from Latin vīnum.

wine (in food, cooking, medicine, the Eucharist, etc.)


cisterne

English: cistern

From Old French cisterne, from Latin cisterna.


sours

English: source

Scots: source, soorce

Borrowed from Old French sours m, sourse f, past participle of sourdre; compare sourden.

(rare) The origin of a stream of flowing water.


rosee

English: rosee

A meal incorporating rose petals or flowers


vernage

→ English: vernage

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman vernage, from Old Italian Vernaccia.


teer

English: tear

desc

Middle Scots: tear, tere, teir, tichwr, tychir

Scots: tear, taer, tare, teir

From Old English tēar, tǣr, tæhher, teagor, from Proto-West Germanic *tahr.

A tear as a symptom of disease or injury.

An emotionally-triggered tear (e.g. ecstasy, remorse, sadness, sympathy)

(figuratively) The feeling of teariness or distress.


teer

English: tear, tare (“good flax”) (obsolete)

Borrowed from Middle Dutch têer, alternative form of têder, têeder (whence modern Dutch teder), from Old Dutch *tidar, from Proto-Germanic *tidaraz.


teer

Alternative form of teren (“to ruin by removing or splitting”)


wath

English: wath (obsolete)

Scots: wath (rare)

From Old Norse vað and Old English wæd, both from Proto-Germanic *wadą, from Proto-Indo-European *wadʰom.

(rare) A ford; a crossing through a stream.


matere

English: matter

Scots: matter, maitter

From Anglo-Norman matere, from Latin māteria.

Matter or stuff; that which things are composed of:

Primordial, crude or essential matter; matter without complication.

(rare) The real essence or body of something (as opposed to its form or permutations)

(rare, theology) The physical actions or part of a Christian ritual.

A topic or theme; an area of knowledge or discussion:

The information or informants one draws upon for a work; the matter used as source.


stremen

stremen (infinitive)
to stremen (infinitive)
streme (infinitive)
streme (first-person present singular)
stremed (first-person past singular)
stremest (present second-person singular)
stremedest (past second-person singular)
stremeth (present singular third-person)
stremed (past singular third-person)
streme (present singular subjunctive)
stremed (past singular subjunctive)
streme (imperative present singular)
stremen (plural present)
streme (plural present)
stremeden (past plural)
stremede (past plural)
stremeth (imperative plural present)
streme (imperative plural present)
stremynge (participle present)
stremende (participle present)
stremed (participle past)
ystremed (participle past)

English: stream

Scots: stream

To bleed; to experience bleeding or blood loss.

(rare) To stream or gush; to flow profusely.


weke

Borrowed from Old Norse vǫkva (“moisture”), from vǫkr (“wet”).


drope

English: drop

Scots: drap

From Old English dropa, from Proto-West Germanic *dropō, from Proto-Germanic *drupô.

A shower or gush; a falling agglomeration of droplets.

(medicine) A disease having speckles or spots as a symptom.


flum

English: flume

Middle Scots: flum, flume

An early borrowing from Old French flum, from Latin flūmen.

(by extension, rare) Any gathering of water.


droghte

English: drought (dialectal or obsolete drouth, druft)

Scots: drocht, drouth

From the oblique forms of Old English drūgaþ (and the variant drūgaþe), from dryġe (“dry”); equivalent to drye + -the (abstract nominal suffix). Compare Middle Dutch drôochte, Middle Low German drö̂gede.
Notes on phonological development (compare douthe and youthe, which this word's development closely parallels)
Forms with /xt/ and /xθ/ result from early syncope in the Old English nominative singular drūgaþ, then levelling of the resulting consonantism to the oblique forms, while forms with /ð/ reflect either later syncope or the consonantism of the oblique forms (from Old English [ɣð]). Finally, forms in /θ/ represent either loss of /x/ or final devoicing of /ð/.
Shortening of the long vowel was regular in all variants of this word in Late Old English, either due to the trisyllabicity of inflected forms or because of the following consonant cluster; variants with a long vowel can represent either development of /uɣ/ to /uː/ or lengthening before /x/. In some varieties of Middle English, /u/ was apparently lowered before /x/; standard English does not continue such forms, but they underlie Scots drocht.

col-top

Whan that Auerill wᵗ his shoures soote / The droghte of march hath ꝑced to the roote / And bathed euery veyne in swich lycour / Of which v̄tu engendred is the flour[…]

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “Here Bygynneth the Book of the Tales of Caunt́burẏ”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 2, recto:

When that April, with its sweet showers / Has pierced March's drought to the root / And bathed every vein in fluid such that / with its power, the flower is made […]

(rare) Thirstiness; a bodily need of water.


drye

head

drye (plural and weak singular drye, comparative *dryer, superlative *dryest)

drye (plural)
drye (singular weak)
*dryer (comparative)
*dryest (superlative)

English: dry

Scots: dry, drey

From Old English drȳġe, from Proto-West Germanic *drūgi, from Proto-Germanic *drūgiz.

Dry; lacking wetness, humidity, or water:

Having water extracted out of it; dried, shrunken.

(of food) Preserved by drying; dried or cured.


drawen

enm-verb

drawen (third-person singular simple present draweth, present participle drawinge, first-/third-person singular past indicative drogh or drew, past participle drawen)

draweth (present singular third-person)
drawinge (participle present)
drogh (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
drew (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
drawen (participle past)
drawen (infinitive)
to drawen (infinitive)
drawe (infinitive)
drawe (first-person present singular)
drogh (first-person past singular)
drew (first-person past singular)
drawest (present second-person singular)
drowe (past second-person singular)
drewe (past second-person singular)
drogh (past second-person singular)
drew (past second-person singular)
draweth (present singular third-person)
drogh (past singular third-person)
drew (past singular third-person)
drawe (present singular subjunctive)
drowe (past singular subjunctive)
drewe (past singular subjunctive)
drawe (imperative present singular)
drawen (plural present)
drawe (plural present)
drowen (past plural)
drowe (past plural)
drewen (past plural)
drewe (past plural)
draweth (imperative plural present)
drawe (imperative plural present)
drawynge (participle present)
drawende (participle present)
drawen (participle past)
drawe (participle past)
ydrawen (participle past)
ydrawe (participle past)

English: draw

Scots: draw

Yola: dra

From Old English dragan, from Proto-West Germanic *dragan. Many senses are calqued from Latin trahere.

To draw, push, or impel towards (oneself); to attract:


droppen

droppen (third-person singular simple present droppeth, present participle droppende, droppynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle dropped)

droppeth (present singular third-person)
droppende (participle present)
droppynge (participle present)
dropped (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
droppen (infinitive)
to droppen (infinitive)
droppe (infinitive)
droppe (first-person present singular)
dropped (first-person past singular)
droppest (present second-person singular)
droppedest (past second-person singular)
droppeth (present singular third-person)
dropped (past singular third-person)
droppe (present singular subjunctive)
dropped (past singular subjunctive)
droppe (imperative present singular)
droppen (plural present)
droppe (plural present)
droppeden (past plural)
droppede (past plural)
droppeth (imperative plural present)
droppe (imperative plural present)
droppynge (participle present)
droppende (participle present)
dropped (participle past)

English: drop

Scots: drap

Inherited from Old English dropian, from Proto-West Germanic *dropōn, from Proto-Germanic *drupōną; equivalent to drope (“drop”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

(of a liquid) To drip; to fall in drops:

To drip; to fall in drops:
To rain; to descend in a mass of drops.

To drip; to fall in drops:
To sprinkle; to cause to drip.

To drop; to move suddenly and directly down.

(figuratively) To create, inculcate, or instil.


occean

English: ocean

Scots: ocean

From Old French occean, from Latin Ōceanus, from Ancient Greek Ὠκεανός (Ōkeanós).

A large sea believed to encircle the world's land.


balsamum

From Latin balsamum, from Ancient Greek βάλσαμον (bálsamon, “balsam”), of Semitic origin (compare Hebrew בושם). Doublet of bawme.


mollen

enm-verb

mollen (third-person singular simple present molleth, present participle mollende, mollynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle molled)

molleth (present singular third-person)
mollende (participle present)
mollynge (participle present)
molled (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
mollen (infinitive)
to mollen (infinitive)
molle (infinitive)
molle (first-person present singular)
molled (first-person past singular)
mollest (present second-person singular)
molledest (past second-person singular)
molleth (present singular third-person)
molled (past singular third-person)
molle (present singular subjunctive)
molled (past singular subjunctive)
molle (imperative present singular)
mollen (plural present)
molle (plural present)
molleden (past plural)
mollede (past plural)
molleth (imperative plural present)
molle (imperative plural present)
mollynge (participle present)
mollende (participle present)
molled (participle past)
ymolled (participle past)

English: mull, moil

From Old French moillier, from Latin *molliāre.


yest

English: yeast

Scots: yest

From Old English ġist, ġyst, from Proto-Germanic *jestuz.


fillen

fillen (third-person singular simple present filleth, present participle fillynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative filde, past participle fild)

filleth (present singular third-person)
fillynge (participle present)
filde (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
fild (participle past)
fillen (infinitive)
to fillen (infinitive)
fille (infinitive)
fille (first-person present singular)
filled (first-person past singular)
filde (first-person past singular)
fillest (present second-person singular)
filledest (past second-person singular)
fildest (past second-person singular)
filleth (present singular third-person)
filled (past singular third-person)
filde (past singular third-person)
fille (present singular subjunctive)
filled (past singular subjunctive)
filde (past singular subjunctive)
fille (imperative present singular)
fillen (plural present)
fille (plural present)
filleden (past plural)
fillede (past plural)
filden (past plural)
filde (past plural)
filleth (imperative plural present)
fille (imperative plural present)
fillynge (participle present)
fillende (participle present)
filled (participle past)
fild (participle past)
yfilled (participle past)
yfild (participle past)

English: fill

Scots: fill

Yola: vill

From Old English fyllan, from Proto-West Germanic *fullijan, from Proto-Germanic *fullijaną; equivalent to fille + -en (infinitival suffix). Compare fullen.

To pour beverages (wine, beer) into glasses.


wawe

English: waw, wawe (obsolete)

Scots: waw

From inflected forms in wāg- of Old English wǣġ, from Proto-West Germanic *wāg, from Proto-Germanic *wēgaz.

And fro the navele doun al covered was / With wawes grene, and brighte as any glas.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Knyghtes Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, lines 1099-1100:

A wave (moving zone of water or other flowing substance; undulation)


licour

English: liquor

Scots: liquor

Borrowed from Old French licour, from Latin liquor (“fluidity; a liquid”).


flowen

flowen (third-person singular simple present floweth, present participle flowende, flowynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle flowed)

floweth (present singular third-person)
flowende (participle present)
flowynge (participle present)
flowed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
flowen (infinitive)
to flowen (infinitive)
flowe (infinitive)
flowe (first-person present singular)
flowed (first-person past singular)
flew (first-person past singular)
flowest (present second-person singular)
flowedest (past second-person singular)
flewe (past second-person singular)
flew (past second-person singular)
floweth (present singular third-person)
flowed (past singular third-person)
flew (past singular third-person)
flowe (present singular subjunctive)
flowed (past singular subjunctive)
flewe (past singular subjunctive)
flowe (imperative present singular)
flowen (plural present)
flowe (plural present)
floweden (past plural)
flowede (past plural)
flewen (past plural)
flewe (past plural)
floweth (imperative plural present)
flowe (imperative plural present)
flowynge (participle present)
flowende (participle present)
flowed (participle past)
flowen (participle past)
yflowed (participle past)
yflowen (participle past)

English: flow

Scots: flow

Inherited from Old English flōwan, from Proto-West Germanic *flōan, from Proto-Germanic *flōaną. Compare flod.

To flow, stream, or issue; (to move as a fluid):

(figurative) To flow (move smoothly like liquid)

To be flooded; to be overwhelmed by a flood or deluge.

(rare, figurative) To macerate in joy or lucre.


drovy

From Old English drōfig, equivalent to drof + -y.

He fand drovy watyr & stynkand, & drank þeroff.

(of water) having sediment stirred up; murky, turbid.


muskadel

English: muscadel, muscatel

Borrowed from Old Occitan muscadel, diminutive of muscat. Compare Medieval Latin muscatellum, muscadellum.

(Late Middle English) Wine made from muscat grapes; muscatel.


clarré

He drinketh ipocras, clarree, and vernage
Of spyces hote, tencresen his corage; [...]

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Merchant's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 1807-1808

He drinks mulled wine, claret, and strong white wine
With hot spices to increase his desire; …


costrel

English: costrel

→ Middle Welsh: costrel

Welsh: costrel

Borrowed from Old French costerel, modification of costeret.

Any small container or means of storage for liquids; a costrel.


drenchen

drenchen (infinitive)
to drenchen (infinitive)
drenche (infinitive)
drenche (first-person present singular)
dreynte (first-person past singular)
drenched (first-person past singular)
drenchest (present second-person singular)
dreyntest (past second-person singular)
drenchedest (past second-person singular)
drencheth (present singular third-person)
dreynte (past singular third-person)
drenched (past singular third-person)
drenche (present singular subjunctive)
dreynte (past singular subjunctive)
drenched (past singular subjunctive)
drenche (imperative present singular)
drenchen (plural present)
drenche (plural present)
dreynten (past plural)
dreynte (past plural)
drencheden (past plural)
drenchede (past plural)
drencheth (imperative plural present)
drenche (imperative plural present)
drenchynge (participle present)
drenchende (participle present)
dreynt (participle past)
drenched (participle past)
ydreynt (participle past)
ydrenched (participle past)

English: drench

Scots: drynch

From Old English drenċan and ġedrenċan, from Proto-West Germanic *drankijan, from Proto-Germanic *drankijaną (“to cause to drink, drench”).

inh

(transitive, intransitive) To submerge; to place underwater:

(transitive) To sink a nation or region; to flood.

To submerge; to place underwater:
To sink a nation or region; to flood.

[…]This world, he ſeyde, in laſſe than an hour / Shal al be dreynt, ſo hidous is the ſhour. / Thus ſhal mankynde drenche, and leſe hir lyf.

a. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Miller's Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, lines 3519–3521:

[…] This world, he said, in under an hour, / will all be drowned, as the shower'll be that strong. / Thus humankind will perish and lose their lives.

(intransitive) To drown; die by drowning.

To submerge; to place underwater:
To drown; die by drowning.

(transitive) To end one's life via drowning.

To submerge; to place underwater:
To end one's life via drowning.

(transitive, sometimes reflexive) To totally surround, surge, or submerge; to overpower.

(intransitive) To be totally surrounded, surged, or submerged.


sotilte

English: subtlety

From Old French sutilté, from Latin subtīlitās; equivalent to sotil + -te.

The quality of being fluidic or lacking viscosity.


schour

English: shower

Scots: shour, shouer, shoor, shooer

Inherited from Old English sċūr, from Proto-West Germanic *skūru, from Proto-Germanic *skūrō.

Rainfall, precipitation (falling waterdrops)


spumous

English: spumous

Borrowed from Latin spūmōsus; equivalent to spume + -ous.

(pathology, Late Middle English, rare) spumous, foamy


water

English: water (see there for further descendants)

Geordie English: watter, wetter

Scots: watter

Yola: waudher, wadher

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wed-
Proto-Indo-European *-r̥
Proto-Indo-European *wódr̥
Proto-Germanic *watōr
Proto-West Germanic *watar
Old English wæter
Middle English water
From Old English wæter, from Proto-West Germanic *watar, from Proto-Germanic *watōr.


sider

desctree

English: cider
→ Bulgarian: са́йдер (sájder)
→ Finnish: siideri
→ Jersey Dutch: sâiter
→ Japanese: サイダー (saidā)
→ Korean: 사이다 (saida)

Scots: cedar (obsolete)

→ Welsh: seidr

From Old French cisdre, sidre, from Medieval Latin sīcera, from Ancient Greek σίκερα (síkera), from Hebrew שֵׁכָר (šēḵār). Doublet of ciser.

der

Hebrew שֵׁכָר (šēḵār)

Hard cider or an analogous beverage made of other fruits.

Any alcoholic beverage of great strength and potency.


scheden

enm-verb

scheden (third-person singular simple present schedeth, present participle schedynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative schedde, past participle sched)

schedeth (present singular third-person)
schedynge (participle present)
schedde (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
sched (participle past)
scheden (infinitive)
to scheden (infinitive)
schede (infinitive)
schede (first-person present singular)
schedde (first-person past singular)
sched (first-person past singular)
schedest (present second-person singular)
scheddest (past second-person singular)
schede (past second-person singular)
sched (past second-person singular)
schedeth (present singular third-person)
schedde (past singular third-person)
sched (past singular third-person)
schede (present singular subjunctive)
schedde (past singular subjunctive)
schede (past singular subjunctive)
schede (imperative present singular)
scheden (plural present)
schede (plural present)
schedden (past plural)
schedde (past plural)
scheden (past plural)
schede (past plural)
schedeth (imperative plural present)
schede (imperative plural present)
schedynge (participle present)
schedende (participle present)
sched (participle past)
scheden (participle past)
schede (participle past)
ysched (participle past)
yscheden (participle past)
yschede (participle past)

English: shed

Scots: shed

Yola: shet (preterite)

From Old English scēadan, scādan, from Proto-West Germanic *skaiþan, from Proto-Germanic *skaiþaną, from Proto-Indo-European *skeyt-.

To break up; to divide into pieces:
To separate out; to scatter.


perre

English: perry

Scots: peerie

From Old French peré, perey (modern French poiré), from Vulgar Latin *piratum; related to pere (“pear”).


berme

English: barm

Scots: barm, berme, barme, baurm

Yola: barrm

From Old English beorma, from Proto-West Germanic *bermō.

The head of foam present in beer that is aging.

barm (froth used for fermented and leavened food)

(rare) The head of foam present in a glass of beer.


berme

Alternative form of barm (“belly, chest”)


vynegre

desctree

English: vinegar
→ Japanese: ビネガー (binegā)
→ Welsh: finegr

Scots: veenegar

From Old French vinaigre; but sometimes interpreted as a compound of wyn + egre.

vinegar, especially that made from wine (often used in cooking, medicine and as a garnish).


narde

English: nard, nardus

From Old French narde and Old English nard, both from Latin nardus, from Ancient Greek νάρδος (nárdos), from Phoenician [Term?], ultimately from Sanskrit नलद (nálada).

Nardostachys jatamansi
Nardostachys jatamansi#Translingual

Nard (Nardostachys jatamansi) or a similar plant.


bragot

desc

English: bragget, bracket, brackett, bragawd, braggett, braggot, bragot

From Middle Welsh bragawd, bragaut, bragod.

bragget (beverage made of ale and honey)


crisme

English: chrism, chrisom

From Late Old English crisma, from Medieval Latin crisma, from Ecclesiastical Latin chrisma, from Ancient Greek χρῖσμα (khrîsma). Doublet of creme.


ythe

From the oblique forms of Old English ȳþ, from Proto-West Germanic *unþi, from Proto-Germanic *unþī.


drof

English: droff

From Old English drōf, from Proto-West Germanic *drōbī (“disturbed, cloudy, troubled”).

inh

having sediment stirred up; murky, turbid.


sotil

head

sotil (comparative sotiler, superlative sotilest)

sotiler (comparative)
sotilest (superlative)

desc

English: subtle, subtil, subtile, suttle

Scots: suttle

Borrowed from Old French sotil, soutil, subtil, from Latin subtīlis.

Lacking coarseness; made with refinement.

Having a high viscosity; fluidic or runny.


sotil

(rare) Sophistication; the state of being complicated.


yeten

enm-verb

yeten (third-person singular simple present yeteth, present participle yetende, yetynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative yet, past participle yoten)

yeteth (present singular third-person)
yetende (participle present)
yetynge (participle present)
yet (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
yoten (participle past)
yeten (infinitive)
to yeten (infinitive)
yete (infinitive)
yete (first-person present singular)
yet (first-person past singular)
yeted (first-person past singular)
yetest (present second-person singular)
yote (past second-person singular)
yet (past second-person singular)
yetedest (past second-person singular)
yeteth (present singular third-person)
yet (past singular third-person)
yeted (past singular third-person)
yete (present singular subjunctive)
yote (past singular subjunctive)
yeted (past singular subjunctive)
yete (imperative present singular)
yeten (plural present)
yete (plural present)
yoten (past plural)
yote (past plural)
yeteden (past plural)
yetede (past plural)
yeteth (imperative plural present)
yete (imperative plural present)
yetynge (participle present)
yetende (participle present)
yoten (participle past)
yote (participle past)
yeted (participle past)
yyoten (participle past)
yyote (participle past)
yyeted (participle past)

English: yet, ewte (dialectal), yete (obsolete), yeet

Scots: ȝet, yet, yat

q

via past participle <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">yoten</i>

⇒ English: yote (via past participle yoten) (dialectal)

From Old English gēotan, from Proto-West Germanic *geutan.

(transitive) To pour out from a container.

(transitive, figurative) To send out, to send forth; to express.

(transitive, chemistry) To melt or soften; to dissolve.


depen

depen (infinitive)
to depen (infinitive)
depe (infinitive)
depe (first-person present singular)
deped (first-person past singular)
depest (present second-person singular)
depedest (past second-person singular)
depeth (present singular third-person)
deped (past singular third-person)
depe (present singular subjunctive)
deped (past singular subjunctive)
depe (imperative present singular)
depen (plural present)
depe (plural present)
depeden (past plural)
depede (past plural)
depeth (imperative plural present)
depe (imperative plural present)
depynge (participle present)
depende (participle present)
deped (participle past)
ydeped (participle past)

English: deep (obsolete)

Scots: depe

From the merger of Old English dēopian and dīepan, from Proto-West Germanic *deupōn and *daupijan, respectively. Equivalent to depe + -en (infinitival suffix).

To submerge or place in water or another liquid.

To submerge or place in water in order to colour an object; to tint.


quenchen

enm-verb

quenchen (third-person singular simple present quencheth, present participle quenchende, quenchynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle quenched)

quencheth (present singular third-person)
quenchende (participle present)
quenchynge (participle present)
quenched (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
quenchen (infinitive)
to quenchen (infinitive)
quenche (infinitive)
quenche (first-person present singular)
quenched (first-person past singular)
quenchest (present second-person singular)
quenchedest (past second-person singular)
quencheth (present singular third-person)
quenched (past singular third-person)
quenche (present singular subjunctive)
quenched (past singular subjunctive)
quenche (imperative present singular)
quenchen (plural present)
quenche (plural present)
quencheden (past plural)
quenchede (past plural)
quencheth (imperative plural present)
quenche (imperative plural present)
quenchynge (participle present)
quenchende (participle present)
quenched (participle past)
yquenched (participle past)

English: quench

Scots: quench

Inherited from Old English cwenċan, from Proto-West Germanic *kwankijan, from Proto-Germanic *kwankijaną.

To spray or douse with water or another liquid.

(medicine) To modify mercury to make it usable in recipes.


vendage

desctree

English: vintage
→ French: vintage
→ Polish: vintage
→ Spanish: vintage

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman vendenge (with the suffix modified after -age), from Latin vī̆ndēmia. Forms with /t/ are due to the influence of vin(i)ter.

vintage (the seasonal crop of a vineyard)


ikil

English: ickle, eckle


saturnous

From Saturne + -ous, from Latin Sāturnus.

Beth they war of metes that encresith sede..& suche metis ben..stronge, swete wyne & saturnous; and good wyne þat is myghty & swete, bothe whit & rede.


bleden

bleden (infinitive)
to bleden (infinitive)
blede (infinitive)
blede (first-person present singular)
bledde (first-person past singular)
bledest (present second-person singular)
bleddest (past second-person singular)
bledeth (present singular third-person)
bledde (past singular third-person)
blede (present singular subjunctive)
bledde (past singular subjunctive)
blede (imperative present singular)
bleden (plural present)
blede (plural present)
bledden (past plural)
bledde (past plural)
bledeth (imperative plural present)
blede (imperative plural present)
bledynge (participle present)
bledende (participle present)
bled (participle past)
ybled (participle past)

English: bleed

Scots: blede, bleid

From Old English blēdan, from Proto-Germanic *blōþijaną.

To pass away (especially from blood loss caused by injury)


stif

head

stif (comparative stiffer, superlative stiffeste)

stiffer (comparative)
stiffeste (superlative)

English: stiff

Scots: stif, stiff, steif

Yola: stiff

From Old English stīf, from Proto-West Germanic *stīf. The variant with a short vowel is probably from the comparative.


botme

desctree

English: bottom, botton (dialectal)
→ Dutch: bottom
→ French: bottom

desc

Scots: boddem, boddum, boddam, boddom, bottome

Yola: bothom

From Old English botm, bodan, from Proto-Germanic *butmaz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰmḗn.

The lowest section of something; the bottom, especially of water:

The bottom portion of a ship's hull, or the line of wood running along it.


dewyn

dewyn (infinitive)
to dewyn (infinitive)
dewe (infinitive)
dewe (first-person present singular)
dewed (first-person past singular)
dewest (present second-person singular)
dewedest (past second-person singular)
deweth (present singular third-person)
dewed (past singular third-person)
dewe (present singular subjunctive)
dewed (past singular subjunctive)
dewe (imperative present singular)
dewen (plural present)
dewe (plural present)
deweden (past plural)
dewede (past plural)
deweth (imperative plural present)
dewe (imperative plural present)
dewynge (participle present)
dewende (participle present)
dewed (participle past)
ydewed (participle past)

English: dew

From Old English *dēawian, from Proto-West Germanic *dauwēn. By surface analysis, dew + -en (infinitival suffix).


mygge

From Old English micga, micge; related to miȝen (“to produce urine”).


miȝen

miȝen (infinitive)
to miȝen (infinitive)
miȝe (infinitive)
miȝe (first-person present singular)
mæh (first-person past singular)
meh (first-person past singular)
myhst (present second-person singular)
miȝe (past second-person singular)
mæh (past second-person singular)
meh (past second-person singular)
myhþ (present singular third-person)
mæh (past singular third-person)
meh (past singular third-person)
miȝe (present singular subjunctive)
miȝe (past singular subjunctive)
miȝe (imperative present singular)
miȝen (plural present)
miȝe (plural present)
miȝen (past plural)
miȝe (past plural)
miȝeþ (imperative plural present)
miȝe (imperative plural present)
miȝende (participle present)
miȝen (participle past)
ȝemiȝen (participle past)
imiȝen (participle past)

(Early Middle English) To produce urine; to urinate.


pissere

English: pisser


pyssynge

English: pissing

Scots: pishin


potacion

English: potation

Borrowed from Old French potacion, from Latin pōtātiō.

A beverage or drink, especially one with restorative properties.


pocioun

English: potion

Scots: potion

Borrowed from Old French pocion, borrowed itself from Latin pōtiō; doublet of pocioun, which Old French inherited from the same Latin source.

A liquid medicine or remedy; a medicinal solution.

(rare) A drink; liquid used to hydrate or refresh.


fumosite

English: fumosity (obsolete)

Borrowed from Old French fumosité, from Latin fūmōsitās (which some forms are directly from); equivalent to fumous + -ite.

(physiology) Bodily fumes that purportedly cause an ailment or mood.


sliden

sliden (infinitive)
to sliden (infinitive)
slide (infinitive)
slide (first-person present singular)
slod (first-person past singular)
slidest (present second-person singular)
slide (past second-person singular)
slode (past second-person singular)
slod (past second-person singular)
slideth (present singular third-person)
slit (present singular third-person)
slod (past singular third-person)
slide (present singular subjunctive)
slide (past singular subjunctive)
slode (past singular subjunctive)
slide (imperative present singular)
sliden (plural present)
slide (plural present)
sliden (past plural)
slide (past plural)
sloden (past plural)
slode (past plural)
slideth (imperative plural present)
slide (imperative plural present)
slidynge (participle present)
slidende (participle present)
sliden (participle past)
slide (participle past)
ysliden (participle past)
yslide (participle past)

English: slide

→ Japanese: スライド (suraido)

Scots: slide

From Old English slīdan. Cognates include Middle Dutch slīden, Middle Low German slīden, Middle High German slīten, and Sanskrit स्रेधति (sredhati).

To move, especially in an inconspicuous or noiseless way:

To leak or secrete; to move as a liquid.


aqua vite

desc

> English: aqua vitae, aqua vitæ (inherited)

A kind of brandy (often flavoured with spices).


crudden

crudden (infinitive)
to crudden (infinitive)
crudde (infinitive)
crudde (first-person present singular)
crudded (first-person past singular)
cruddest (present second-person singular)
cruddedest (past second-person singular)
cruddeth (present singular third-person)
crudded (past singular third-person)
crudde (present singular subjunctive)
crudded (past singular subjunctive)
crudde (imperative present singular)
crudden (plural present)
crudde (plural present)
cruddeden (past plural)
cruddede (past plural)
cruddeth (imperative plural present)
crudde (imperative plural present)
cruddynge (participle present)
cruddende (participle present)
crudded (participle past)
ycrudded (participle past)

English: curd

Scots: crud

To mould or form; to make into a defined shape.


sethen

sethen (infinitive)
to sethen (infinitive)
sethe (infinitive)
sethe (first-person present singular)
seth (first-person past singular)
soth (first-person past singular)
sethest (present second-person singular)
sothe (past second-person singular)
sode (past second-person singular)
seth (past second-person singular)
soth (past second-person singular)
setheth (present singular third-person)
seth (present singular third-person)
seth (past singular third-person)
soth (past singular third-person)
sethe (present singular subjunctive)
sothe (past singular subjunctive)
sode (past singular subjunctive)
sethe (imperative present singular)
sethen (plural present)
sethe (plural present)
sothen (past plural)
sothe (past plural)
soden (past plural)
sode (past plural)
setheth (imperative plural present)
sethe (imperative plural present)
sethynge (participle present)
sethende (participle present)
soden (participle past)
sode (participle past)
ysoden (participle past)
ysode (participle past)

English: seethe (sodden is from the former past participle)

Scots: seth, seith, seethe (sodden is from the former past participle)

From Old English sēoþan, from Proto-Germanic *seuþaną; a cognate of Middle Low German sēden, Middle Dutch sieden, Middle High German sieden, and Old Swedish siūþa.

To break down or process one's consumed food using stomach acid; to digest.


sethyng

English: seething

Scots: seethin


growte

English: grout

Scots: grute, gruit

Inherited from Old English grūt, from Proto-Germanic *grūtą, *grutą.


brewen

brewen (infinitive)
to brewen (infinitive)
brewe (infinitive)
brewe (first-person present singular)
brew (first-person past singular)
brewed (first-person past singular)
brewest (present second-person singular)
browe (past second-person singular)
brew (past second-person singular)
brewedest (past second-person singular)
breweth (present singular third-person)
brew (past singular third-person)
brewed (past singular third-person)
brewe (present singular subjunctive)
browe (past singular subjunctive)
brewed (past singular subjunctive)
brewe (imperative present singular)
brewen (plural present)
brewe (plural present)
browen (past plural)
browe (past plural)
breweden (past plural)
brewede (past plural)
breweth (imperative plural present)
brewe (imperative plural present)
brewynge (participle present)
brewende (participle present)
browen (participle past)
browe (participle past)
brewed (participle past)
ybrowen (participle past)
ybrowe (participle past)
ybrewed (participle past)

English: brew

Scots: brew

To brew; to make or be involved in making alcoholic beverages (especially beer).


brewere

English: brewer

Scots: brewer


brewhous

English: brewhouse

A brewhouse or brewery; a place for making beer.


brewestere

English: brewster

Scots: browster


souken

souken (infinitive)
to souken (infinitive)
souke (infinitive)
souke (first-person present singular)
sek (first-person past singular)
sok (first-person past singular)
souked (first-person past singular)
soukest (present second-person singular)
soke (past second-person singular)
sek (past second-person singular)
sok (past second-person singular)
soukedest (past second-person singular)
souketh (present singular third-person)
sek (past singular third-person)
sok (past singular third-person)
souked (past singular third-person)
souke (present singular subjunctive)
soke (past singular subjunctive)
souked (past singular subjunctive)
souke (imperative present singular)
souken (plural present)
souke (plural present)
soken (past plural)
soke (past plural)
soukeden (past plural)
soukede (past plural)
souketh (imperative plural present)
souke (imperative plural present)
soukynge (participle present)
soukende (participle present)
soken (participle past)
soke (participle past)
souked (participle past)
ysoken (participle past)
ysoke (participle past)
ysouked (participle past)

English: suck

Scots: souke

Inherited from Old English sūcan, sūgan, from Proto-West Germanic *sūkan, *sūgan, from Proto-Germanic *sūkaną, *sūganą.

To take money or finances (especially when using up money)


hayle

English: hail

Scots: hail

From Old English hæġl, hæġel, hagol, from Proto-Germanic *haglaz (“hail”).


flowynge

English: flowing, flowin'

Middle Scots: flowing, flowyng

Scots: flowin, flowan

⇒ Scots: flownie, flounie

Flowing (motion or movement of a liquid):

An overflow or flood; a flow over a boundary.


overflowen

overflowen (infinitive)
to overflowen (infinitive)
overflowe (infinitive)
overflowe (first-person present singular)
overflowed (first-person past singular)
overflew (first-person past singular)
overflowest (present second-person singular)
overflowedest (past second-person singular)
overflewe (past second-person singular)
overflew (past second-person singular)
overfloweth (present singular third-person)
overflowed (past singular third-person)
overflew (past singular third-person)
overflowe (present singular subjunctive)
overflowed (past singular subjunctive)
overflewe (past singular subjunctive)
overflowe (imperative present singular)
overflowen (plural present)
overflowe (plural present)
overfloweden (past plural)
overflowede (past plural)
overflewen (past plural)
overflewe (past plural)
overfloweth (imperative plural present)
overflowe (imperative plural present)
overflowynge (participle present)
overflowende (participle present)
overflowed (participle past)
overflowen (participle past)

English: overflow

From Old English oferflōwan; equivalent to over- + flowen.

To overflow; to cause flooding or immerse in water.


wynche

English: winch

Inherited from Old English winċe, from Proto-Germanic *winkijǭ.

A long bore or shaft dug in order to extract water from.


spewen

enm-verb

spewen (third-person singular simple present speweth, present participle spewende, spewynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle spewed)

speweth (present singular third-person)
spewende (participle present)
spewynge (participle present)
spewed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
spewen (infinitive)
to spewen (infinitive)
spewe (infinitive)
spewe (first-person present singular)
spewed (first-person past singular)
spewest (present second-person singular)
spewedest (past second-person singular)
speweth (present singular third-person)
spewed (past singular third-person)
spewe (present singular subjunctive)
spewed (past singular subjunctive)
spewe (imperative present singular)
spewen (plural present)
spewe (plural present)
speweden (past plural)
spewede (past plural)
speweth (imperative plural present)
spewe (imperative plural present)
spewynge (participle present)
spewende (participle present)
spewed (participle past)
spowen (participle past)
spowe (participle past)
yspewed (participle past)

English: spew

Scots: spew

From Old English spīwan (strong class 1).

To spew (regurgitate partially-digested food)


spewynge

English: spewing

Scots: spewin


strem

English: stream

Scots: stream, strem, streme, streym

Yola: streem

Inherited from Old English strēam, from Proto-West Germanic *straum, from Proto-Germanic *straumaz.

A waterbody; a region of the world containing water:

(rare) An emission or issuing; something that comes out.


biflowen

biflowen (infinitive)
to biflowen (infinitive)
biflowe (infinitive)
biflowe (first-person present singular)
biflowed (first-person past singular)
biflew (first-person past singular)
biflowest (present second-person singular)
biflowedest (past second-person singular)
biflewe (past second-person singular)
biflew (past second-person singular)
bifloweth (present singular third-person)
biflowed (past singular third-person)
biflew (past singular third-person)
biflowe (present singular subjunctive)
biflowed (past singular subjunctive)
biflewe (past singular subjunctive)
biflowe (imperative present singular)
biflowen (plural present)
biflowe (plural present)
bifloweden (past plural)
biflowede (past plural)
biflewen (past plural)
biflewe (past plural)
bifloweth (imperative plural present)
biflowe (imperative plural present)
biflowynge (participle present)
biflowende (participle present)
biflowed (participle past)
biflowen (participle past)
biflowe (participle past)

From Old English beflōwan; equivalent to bi- + flowen.

To overflow, deluge or flood; to cover in water.


wryngen

wringen (infinitive)
to wringen (infinitive)
wringe (infinitive)
wringe (first-person present singular)
wrong (first-person past singular)
wrang (first-person past singular)
wringest (present second-person singular)
wronge (past second-person singular)
wrong (past second-person singular)
wrang (past second-person singular)
wringeth (present singular third-person)
wrong (past singular third-person)
wrang (past singular third-person)
wringe (present singular subjunctive)
wronge (past singular subjunctive)
wringe (imperative present singular)
wringen (plural present)
wringe (plural present)
wrongen (past plural)
wronge (past plural)
wringeth (imperative plural present)
wringe (imperative plural present)
wringynge (participle present)
wringende (participle present)
wrongen (participle past)
wronge (participle past)
ywrongen (participle past)
ywronge (participle past)

English: wring

Scots: wring, wryng

Inherited from Old English wringan, from Proto-West Germanic *wringan, from Proto-Germanic *wringaną; a cognate of Old Frisian *wringa, Middle Low German wringen, Middle Dutch wringen, and Middle High German ringen.

To force liquid out of something by compressing or squeezing:

To compress downwards or squash; to release liquid by pushing down.


brinke

English: brink

Scots: brink

From Old Norse *brenka, *brinka and Middle Low German brink, both from Proto-Germanic *brinkaz (“hill, edge (of land)”).

der

The coastline or shoreline; the place where land meets sea.

The edge of any other body of water (e.g. a river, a pit full of water).

The edge of life; the state of being on the brink of death.


rotidnes

English: rottedness

Pussy matter; the results of suppuration or pus formation.


femen

femen (infinitive)
to femen (infinitive)
feme (infinitive)
feme (first-person present singular)
femed (first-person past singular)
femde (first-person past singular)
femest (present second-person singular)
femedest (past second-person singular)
femdest (past second-person singular)
femeth (present singular third-person)
femed (past singular third-person)
femde (past singular third-person)
feme (present singular subjunctive)
femed (past singular subjunctive)
femde (past singular subjunctive)
feme (imperative present singular)
femen (plural present)
feme (plural present)
femeden (past plural)
femede (past plural)
femden (past plural)
femde (past plural)
femeth (imperative plural present)
feme (imperative plural present)
femynge (participle present)
femende (participle present)
femed (participle past)
yfemed (participle past)

From Old English fǣman, from Proto-West Germanic *faimijan; compare fomen.

To emit foam from the mouth; to be irate.


brochen

brochen (infinitive)
to brochen (infinitive)
broche (infinitive)
broche (first-person present singular)
broched (first-person past singular)
brochest (present second-person singular)
brochedest (past second-person singular)
brocheth (present singular third-person)
broched (past singular third-person)
broche (present singular subjunctive)
broched (past singular subjunctive)
broche (imperative present singular)
brochen (plural present)
broche (plural present)
brocheden (past plural)
brochede (past plural)
brocheth (imperative plural present)
broche (imperative plural present)
brochynge (participle present)
brochende (participle present)
broched (participle past)
ybroched (participle past)

English: broach

Scots: broach

/ˈbrɔːt͡ʃən/

From Old French brochier; equivalent to broche + -en (infinitival suffix).


taphose

From tappe and a second element, possibly hose.

(rare) A sieve placed over a spout of a container holding mash.


ciser

→ English: cyser

From Medieval Latin sīcera, from Ancient Greek σίκερα (síkera), from Hebrew שֵׁכָר (šēḵār). Doublet of sider.

Hebrew שֵׁכָר (šēḵār)

Any alcoholic beverage of great strength and potency.


ynke

desctree

English: ink, inke (obsolete)
→ Japanese: インク (inku)
→ Korean: 잉크 (ingkeu)
→ Telugu: ఇంకి (iṅki)
→ Welsh: inc

Scots: ink

From Old French enque, from Latin encaustum, from Ancient Greek ἔγκαυστον (énkauston).


syngyng

English: singing

Scots: singin

(rare) The sound of wine undergoing fermentation.


flouren

flouren (infinitive)
to flouren (infinitive)
floure (infinitive)
floure (first-person present singular)
floured (first-person past singular)
flourest (present second-person singular)
flouredest (past second-person singular)
floureth (present singular third-person)
floured (past singular third-person)
floure (present singular subjunctive)
floured (past singular subjunctive)
floure (imperative present singular)
flouren (plural present)
floure (plural present)
floureden (past plural)
flourede (past plural)
floureth (imperative plural present)
floure (imperative plural present)
flourynge (participle present)
flourende (participle present)
floured (participle past)
yfloured (participle past)

English: flower, flour

Scots: flour

From Anglo-Norman florir, flurir, from Late Latin flōrīre, from Latin flōrēre.


vynolent

English: vinolent


vyntener

English: vintner

A variant of viniter, from Old French vineter, vinetier (“wine-merchant, grape-harvester”), from Medieval Latin vīnētārius (“wine dealer”).


viniter

Borrowed from Old French vineter, vinetier (“wine-merchant, grape-harvester”), from Medieval Latin vīnētārius (“wine dealer”). Compare vyntener.


viniterie

English: vintry


vyneȝerd

English: vineyard

Scots: vinyaird

From Old English wīnġeard, from Proto-Germanic *wīnagardaz; remodeled after vine + yerd.


vyne-tre

English: vinetree, winetree

From Old English wīntrēow, from Proto-Germanic *wīnatrewą; sometimes remodeled after vine + tre.


wyny

English: winy, winey


wyndronken

English: winedrunken, winedrunk

From Old English wīndruncen, from Proto-Germanic *wīnadrunkanaz; equivalent to wyn + drunken.


wyndrawer

From wyn (“wine”) + drawer (“transporter”).


vergeous

English: verjuice

From Old French verjus; equivalent to vert + jus. Compare vert sauce.

verjuice (often used as sauce or medicine)


moistnesse

English: moistness


soupen

soupen (infinitive)
to soupen (infinitive)
soupe (infinitive)
soupe (first-person present singular)
sop (first-person past singular)
souped (first-person past singular)
soupest (present second-person singular)
sope (past second-person singular)
sop (past second-person singular)
soupedest (past second-person singular)
soupeth (present singular third-person)
sop (past singular third-person)
souped (past singular third-person)
soupe (present singular subjunctive)
sope (past singular subjunctive)
souped (past singular subjunctive)
soupe (imperative present singular)
soupen (plural present)
soupe (plural present)
sopen (past plural)
sope (past plural)
soupeden (past plural)
soupede (past plural)
soupeth (imperative plural present)
soupe (imperative plural present)
soupynge (participle present)
soupende (participle present)
sopen (participle past)
sope (participle past)
souped (participle past)
ysopen (participle past)
ysope (participle past)
ysouped (participle past)

English: sup, soup

Scots: soup, sowp, sup

From Old English sūpan (strong class 2), from Proto-West Germanic *sūpan.


imbiben

imbiben (infinitive)
to imbiben (infinitive)
imbibe (infinitive)
imbibe (first-person present singular)
imbibed (first-person past singular)
imbibest (present second-person singular)
imbibedest (past second-person singular)
imbibeth (present singular third-person)
imbibed (past singular third-person)
imbibe (present singular subjunctive)
imbibed (past singular subjunctive)
imbibe (imperative present singular)
imbiben (plural present)
imbibe (plural present)
imbibeden (past plural)
imbibede (past plural)
imbibeth (imperative plural present)
imbibe (imperative plural present)
imbibynge (participle present)
imbibende (participle present)
imbibed (participle past)

English: imbibe

Borrowed from Latin imbibō. It has been suggested that the loan was mediated through Middle French imbiber, but this is unlikely.


spumen

spumen (infinitive)
to spumen (infinitive)
spume (infinitive)
spume (first-person present singular)
spumed (first-person past singular)
spumest (present second-person singular)
spumedest (past second-person singular)
spumeth (present singular third-person)
spumed (past singular third-person)
spume (present singular subjunctive)
spumed (past singular subjunctive)
spume (imperative present singular)
spumen (plural present)
spume (plural present)
spumeden (past plural)
spumede (past plural)
spumeth (imperative plural present)
spume (imperative plural present)
spumynge (participle present)
spumende (participle present)
spumed (participle past)

English: spume

Borrowed from Old French espumer, from Latin spūmāre.


mollifien

enm-verb

mollifien (third-person singular simple present molleth, present participle mollende, mollynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle molled)

molleth (present singular third-person)
mollende (participle present)
mollynge (participle present)
molled (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
mollifien (infinitive)
to mollifien (infinitive)
mollifie (infinitive)
mollifie (first-person present singular)
mollified (first-person past singular)
mollifiest (present second-person singular)
mollifiedest (past second-person singular)
mollifieth (present singular third-person)
mollified (past singular third-person)
mollifie (present singular subjunctive)
mollified (past singular subjunctive)
mollifie (imperative present singular)
mollifien (plural present)
mollifie (plural present)
mollifieden (past plural)
mollifiede (past plural)
mollifieth (imperative plural present)
mollifie (imperative plural present)
mollifiynge (participle present)
mollifiende (participle present)
mollified (participle past)
ymollified (participle past)

English: mollify

Borrowed from Late Latin mollificō; equivalent to mollen + -ifien.


schedynge

English: shedding


muscilage

English: mucilage

Borrowed from Middle French mucilage, from Late Latin mūcilāgō.


bawme

English: balm

Scots: baum

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman, Middle French baume, from Old French basme, from Latin balsamum. Doublet of balsamum.

(rare) Lamp oil impregnated with balsam.


melten

melten (third-person singular simple present melteth, present participle meltynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative malt, past participle molten)

melteth (present singular third-person)
meltynge (participle present)
malt (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
molten (participle past)
melten (infinitive)
to melten (infinitive)
melte (infinitive)
melte (first-person present singular)
malt (first-person past singular)
melted (first-person past singular)
meltest (present second-person singular)
molte (past second-person singular)
melte (past second-person singular)
malt (past second-person singular)
meltedest (past second-person singular)
melteth (present singular third-person)
malt (past singular third-person)
melted (past singular third-person)
melte (present singular subjunctive)
molte (past singular subjunctive)
melte (past singular subjunctive)
melted (past singular subjunctive)
melte (imperative present singular)
melten (plural present)
melte (plural present)
molten (past plural)
molte (past plural)
melten (past plural)
melte (past plural)
melteden (past plural)
meltede (past plural)
melteth (imperative plural present)
melte (imperative plural present)
meltynge (participle present)
meltende (participle present)
molten (participle past)
molte (participle past)
melten (participle past)
melte (participle past)
melted (participle past)

English: melt

Scots: melt

Yola: multh

From Old English meltan (strong class 3), from Proto-West Germanic *meltan, from Proto-Germanic *meltaną; reinforced by Old English mieltan, myltan (weak class 1).

To melt (change from solid to liquid):
To blend or fuse (of metal or glass).

(by extension) To dissolve, disperse, or vanish.

To melt (change from solid to liquid):
To dissolve, disperse, or vanish.

To mollify; to repent or become caring:
To cause to repent or become caring.

To mollify; to repent or become caring:
To weaken; to be sapped of strength.

To decay; to become wasted or decomposed.


scluse

English: sluice

From Old French escluse, from Late Latin exclūsa.


wasshen

wasshen (infinitive)
to wasshen (infinitive)
wasshe (infinitive)
wasshe (first-person present singular)
wessh (first-person past singular)
wossh (first-person past singular)
wasshest (present second-person singular)
wesshe (past second-person singular)
wosshe (past second-person singular)
wessh (past second-person singular)
wossh (past second-person singular)
wassheth (present singular third-person)
wessh (past singular third-person)
wossh (past singular third-person)
wasshe (present singular subjunctive)
wesshe (past singular subjunctive)
wosshe (past singular subjunctive)
wasshe (imperative present singular)
wasshen (plural present)
wasshe (plural present)
wesshen (past plural)
wesshe (past plural)
wosshen (past plural)
wosshe (past plural)
wassheth (imperative plural present)
wasshe (imperative plural present)
wasshynge (participle present)
wasshende (participle present)
wasshen (participle past)
wasshe (participle past)
ywasshe (participle past)

English: wash
→ Swazi: washa

Scots: wash, wesh

From Old English wascan, from Proto-West Germanic *waskan, from Proto-Germanic *waskaną.

To wash; to clean with liquid:
To immerse or soak in liquid.


wasshe

English: wash

Scots: wash

From Old English wæsċ and Old English wæsċe. See the verb wasshen.


wasshynge

English: washing

Middle Scots: wasching

Scots: washin

From Old English *wæsċing, equivalent to wasshen + -ing.

Something used to wash or clean:
(rare) Water used to wash; dishwater.

Something used to wash or clean:
Water used to wash; dishwater.


swymmen

swymmen (third-person singular simple present swymmen, present participle swymmynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative swam, past participle swummen)

swymmen (present singular third-person)
swymmynge (participle present)
swam (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
swummen (participle past)
swymmen (infinitive)
to swymmen (infinitive)
swymme (infinitive)
swymme (first-person present singular)
swam (first-person past singular)
swymmed (first-person past singular)
swymmest (present second-person singular)
swumme (past second-person singular)
swam (past second-person singular)
swymmedest (past second-person singular)
swymmeth (present singular third-person)
swam (past singular third-person)
swymmed (past singular third-person)
swymme (present singular subjunctive)
swumme (past singular subjunctive)
swymmed (past singular subjunctive)
swymme (imperative present singular)
swymmen (plural present)
swymme (plural present)
swummen (past plural)
swumme (past plural)
swymmeden (past plural)
swymmede (past plural)
swymmeth (imperative plural present)
swymme (imperative plural present)
swymmynge (participle present)
swymmende (participle present)
swummen (participle past)
swumme (participle past)
swymmed (participle past)

English: swim

Scots: sweem, soom

From Old English swimman, from Proto-West Germanic *swimman, from Proto-Germanic *swimmaną.
Forms in -e- and weak forms are possibly due to the conflation of this verb with an Old English *swemman.


costret

Borrowed from Old French costeret, ultimately from a suffixed form of Latin costa.


gulchen

gulchen (infinitive)
to gulchen (infinitive)
gulche (infinitive)
gulche (first-person present singular)
gulched (first-person past singular)
gulchest (present second-person singular)
gulchedest (past second-person singular)
gulcheth (present singular third-person)
gulched (past singular third-person)
gulche (present singular subjunctive)
gulched (past singular subjunctive)
gulche (imperative present singular)
gulchen (plural present)
gulche (plural present)
gulcheden (past plural)
gulchede (past plural)
gulcheth (imperative plural present)
gulche (imperative plural present)
gulchynge (participle present)
gulchende (participle present)
gulched (participle past)

English: gulch

Scots: gulch


malvesye

English: malvesey, malvoisie

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman malvesie, malvesey, from Old Italian Malvasia, from Ancient Greek Μονεμβασία (Monembasía). Doublet of malmesye.


malmesye

English: malmsey

Borrowed from Middle Dutch malemeseye, from Old Italian Malvasia, from Ancient Greek Μονεμβασία (Monembasía). Doublet of malvesye.


brewynge

English: brewing

brewing (the manufacture of alcoholic beverages)


tappestere

English: tapster

⇒ English: tapstress

Inherited from Old English tæppestre; equivalent to tappe (“plug”) + -estere.

Ther to he stroong was / as a Champioun / He knew the tauernes wel in euery town / And euery hoſtiler / and Tappeſtere[…]

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “Here Bygynneth the Book of the Tales of Caunt́burẏ”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 5, recto, lines 239-241:

He also was as strong as a champion; / he knew the bars well in every town, / and every innkeeper and tavernkeeper […]

A tavernkeeper or tapster; a person (originally a woman) who sells ale.


dryenesse

English: dryness

Dryness; lack of moisture or an instance of it:

(rare) Thirstiness; a bodily need of water.


spryng

English: spring

Scots: spring

Originally two distinct nouns:
* Old English spring, from Proto-West Germanic *spring, from Proto-Germanic *springaz (“watersource”).
* Old English spryng, from Proto-West Germanic *sprungi, from Proto-Germanic *sprungiz (“leap”), both nouns ultimately related to *springaną.

A source or origin; that which something originates from.


spryngen

spryngen (third-person singular simple present spryngeth, present participle spryngynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative sprang, past participle sprongen)

spryngeth (present singular third-person)
spryngynge (participle present)
sprang (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
sprongen (participle past)
spryngen (infinitive)
to spryngen (infinitive)
sprynge (infinitive)
sprynge (first-person present singular)
sprang (first-person past singular)
spryngest (present second-person singular)
sprange (past second-person singular)
sprang (past second-person singular)
spryngeth (present singular third-person)
sprang (past singular third-person)
sprynge (present singular subjunctive)
sprange (past singular subjunctive)
sprynge (imperative present singular)
spryngen (plural present)
sprynge (plural present)
sprangen (past plural)
sprange (past plural)
spryngeth (imperative plural present)
sprynge (imperative plural present)
spryngynge (participle present)
spryngende (participle present)
sprongen (participle past)
spronge (participle past)
ysprongen (participle past)
yspronge (participle past)

English: spring; sprink

Scots: spring

Inherited from Old English springan, from Proto-West Germanic *springan, from Proto-Germanic *springaną; equivalent to spryng + -en (infinitival suffix). Compare sprengen.

To issue or gush (water from a water source)

(of plants) To grow, sprout, or bear fruit or flowers.

(by extension) To grow, emerge or develop:

(of waves) To overflow or flood; to utterly envelop.

To move with great speed or energy; to dash:

To become or cause to become diffused; to spread.

To sprinkle or asperse; to spread in small drops or bits.


caudel

English: caudle; coddle

Middle Scots: caudil

Borrowed from Old Northern French caudel (Parisien chaudel), from Medieval Latin caldellum, diminutive of Latin caldus (“warm”).