king

head

king (nominative plural kinges, also the early forms kingas or kingæs)

kinges (nominative plural)
the early forms kingas (also)
kingæs (also)

English: king (see there for further descendants)

Scots: keeng, king

Yola: kinge, king

Inherited from the Old English cyning, from Proto-West Germanic *kuning, from Proto-Germanic *kuningaz. The forms kug (attested in the compounds kugdom, kuglond, and kugriche) and gug (attested in the compound guglond) show the influence of the Old Norse konungr, whence they borrow their root vowel. The early forms featuring syncope (chinge, chinȝ, cing, and cinȝ) may have long ī.


kingdom

English: kingdom

Scots: kingdom

From Old English cyningdōm, from Proto-Germanic *kuningadōmaz. Equivalent to king + -dom.
Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *kuningadōmaz
Proto-West Germanic *kuningadōm
Old English cyningdōm
Middle English kingdom


brother

enm-noun

brother (plural brether or brethren or brotheren or (rare) brothers, genitive brother or brothers)

brether (plural)
brethren (plural)
brotheren (plural)
brothers (plural rare)
brother (genitive)
brothers (genitive)

English: brother (see there for further descendants)

Scots: brither, bruther, broder, bruder

Yola: brover, brower

From Old English brōþor, from Proto-West Germanic *brōþer, from Proto-Germanic *brōþēr, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr. Doublet of frere.

I ioon ȝoure bꝛoþer ⁊ partener in tribulacioun ⁊ kingdom ⁊ pacience in criſt iheſu .· was in an ile þat is clepid pathmos · foꝛ þe woꝛd of god · ⁊ foꝛ þe witneſſyng of iheſu

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Apocalips 1:9, page 117v, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

I, John, your brother and partner in tribulation, the Kingdom, and endurance in Jesus Christ, was on an island that's called Patmos for the word of God and for the witnessing of Jesus.

A (Christian) man (i.e. as a "brother in life/brother in Christ").

(rare) One of one's peers as a ruler; (another) ruler.

(rare) A relative or family member who is a man.


empire

English: empire

Scots: empire

Borrowed from Old French empire, empere, from Latin imperium, inperium (“command, control, dominion, sovereignty, a dominion, empire”), from imperare, inperare (“to command, order”), from in (“in, on”) + parare (“to make ready, order”). Doublet of emperie.

Emperorship; the office, power or title of emperor.


imperial

head

imperial (plural and weak singular imperiale)

imperiale (plural)
imperiale (singular weak)

English: imperial

Scots: imperial

Borrowed from Old French imperial, emperial, from Latin imperiālis; equivalent to emperie + -al.

Imperial; related to or being of an empire or its ruler.


royal

royal (plural and weak singular royalle, comparative royaller, superlative royallyst)

royalle (plural)
royalle (singular weak)
royaller (comparative)
royallyst (superlative)

English: royal

Scots: royal

From Old French roial, from Latin rēgālis. Doublet of ryal.


court

English: court (see there for further descendants)

Scots: court, coort

Borrowed from Old French cort, curt, from Latin cōrs, contraction of cohors, cohortem.

A court of law; the body which administers justice:


riche

Inherited from Old English rīċe (“kingdom”, see -riche), from Proto-West Germanic *rīkī, from Proto-Germanic *rīkiją, from Proto-Celtic *rīgyom.

inh

see <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">-riche</i>

inh+

Bot Bruce was knawin weyll ayr off this kynrik; For he had rycht, we call no man him lik. Bot Wallace thriss this kynrik conquest haile, In Ingland fer socht battaill on that rik.

15th c., Le Bone Florence of Rome, Lines 1804-1809

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Alther furste to the kyrke sche went, to here a masse verament, and preyed god of hys grace, that he wolde bryng hur to that ryke, that evyr more ys yoye in lyke, before hys worthy face;


quene

English: queen (see there for further descendants)

Scots: queen, wheen

Yola: queen

From Old English cwēn (“woman, wife, queen”) (the final schwa is by analogy with other Old English feminine nouns, such as Etymology 2), from Proto-West Germanic *kwāni, from Proto-Germanic *kwēniz, from a derivative of *gʷḗn (“woman, wife”). Cognates include:
* Ancient Greek γυνή (gunḗ), Greek γυναίκα (gynaíka)
* Old Prussian genna
* Persian زَن (zan)
* Sanskrit जनि (jani)
* Proto-Slavic *žena


soudan

English: soldan

Scots: sowdian

From Old French soudan, from Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān).

A sultan (especially one of the rulers of major Muslim states in the Middle Ages).


castel

English: castle
→ Tongan: kāsolo

Scots: castle

→ Scottish Gaelic: caisteal

From late Old English castel, castell, borrowed from Latin castellum, diminutive of castrum. Reinforced by Anglo-Norman/Old Northern French castel, itself also from castellum.


emperour

English: emperor

Scots: emperor

Borrowed from Old French empereor, from Latin imperātorem.


trone

English: throne

Scots: throne

From Old French trone, trosne, from Latin thronus, from Ancient Greek θρόνος (thrónos).

⁊ in þe cumpas of þe ſeete.· weren foure ⁊ twentı ſmale ſeetıs ⁊ abouen þe troones foure ⁊ twentı eldere men ſıttynge. hılıd aboute wıþ whıte cloþıs.· ⁊ in þe heedıs of hem golden coꝛouns

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Apocalips 4:4, page 118v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010

And around the perimeter of the seat there were twenty-four small seats, and on those seats twenty-four elders sat, wearing white clothing and having golden crowns on their heads.

⁊ leıtıs ⁊ voıces ⁊ þundꝛıngıs camen out of þe troone. ⁊ ſeuene laumpıs bꝛennynge bıfoꝛe þe troone.· whıche ben þe ſeuene ſpırıtıs of god

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Apocalips 4:5, page 118v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010

And lightning, sounds, and thunder came out of the throne, and seven lamps were burning in front of the throne, which are the seven spirits of God.

(specifically) The heavenly throne of the Christian God.

(ethics) The divinely assigned position of a virtue.


trone

English: tron, trone

Scots: tron, trone

From Anglo-Norman trone, tron, from Late Latin trona, from Latin trutina (“balance”).

One of the planks used to make the Holy Cross.


tronen

tronen (infinitive)
to tronen (infinitive)
trone (infinitive)
trone (first-person present singular)
troned (first-person past singular)
tronest (present second-person singular)
tronedest (past second-person singular)
troneth (present singular third-person)
troned (past singular third-person)
trone (present singular subjunctive)
troned (past singular subjunctive)
trone (imperative present singular)
tronen (plural present)
trone (plural present)
troneden (past plural)
tronede (past plural)
troneth (imperative plural present)
trone (imperative plural present)
tronynge (participle present)
tronende (participle present)
troned (participle past)
ytroned (participle past)

English: throne (archaic)

From trone (“throne”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

To enthrone, to place on a royal seat; to elevate to a throne or perform enthronement.


kayser

enm-noun

kayser (plural kayseres, dative kaysere)

⇒ English: Kaiser, kaiser

→ Scots: Kaiser

Borrowed from Old High German keisar, from Proto-West Germanic *kaisar, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar. Doublet of casere.

An emperor (the ruler of an empire; a supreme ruler)


kinedom

English: kindom (Yorkshire, obsolete)

Middle Scots: kindom

From Old English cynedōm; equivalent to kine- (“royal”) + -dom (abstract nominal suffix).

af

Capacity to rule; authority, dominion, might.


kineriche

enm-noun

kineriche (plural kineriches or (early) kinerichen)

Middle Scots: kinrik

Scots: kinrick

Inherited from Old English cynerīċe (“a kingdom”), from Proto-West Germanic *kunirīkī; equivalent to kine- + -riche and cognate with Old High German chuneriche, Middle Dutch conrike. See also kingriche.

inh+

(figurative) The Kingdom of God; the divine kingdom.


emperice

English: empress

Scots: empress

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman empereiz, contraction of empereriz, from Latin imperatrix; equivalent to emperour + -esse. Final -e is apparently by analogy with other feminine nouns, as the borrowing was early enough for the Middle English gender system to survive.

‘Your blisful suster, Lucina the shene,
That of the see is chief goddesse and quene,

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Franklin's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 1045-1048

Yet emperesse aboven him is she:’ [...]
‘Your blissful sister, Lucina the bright,
Who of the sea is chief goddess and queen,
Though Neptune have godly dominion in the sea,
Yet empress above him is she:’ …

An empress; a female ruler of an empire.


ryal

head

ryal (plural and weak singular ryalle, comparative ryallere, superlative ryaleste)

ryalle (plural)
ryalle (singular weak)
ryallere (comparative)
ryaleste (superlative)

English: rial, ryal

Scots: rial, ryal

From Anglo-Norman reial, rial, from Latin rēgālis. Doublet of royal.

(Late Middle English) noble, good, honourable


ryal

English: rial, ryal

Scots: rial, ryal

(Late Middle English) A royal, noble, member of royalty or nobility.

(Late Middle English, hunting) The second protrusion coming from a deer's antler.


tyraunt

English: tyrant

Scots: tirran, tarran

From Old French tirant, tyrant, tiran, from Latin tyrannus, from Ancient Greek τύραννος (túrannos).

To hom þat wolde is wille do debonere he was & milde & to hom þat wiþsede strong tirant & wilde.

1297, Robert of Gloucester, Chronicle, published 7689:

Princes, þat is,... tirauntis of þis warld.

c. 1340, Richard Rolle, Psalter, XXXII 10:

c. 1374, Geoffrey Chaucer translating Boëthius, De Consolatione Philosophiæ, III v 59

1382, Wycliffe's Bible, Dan. 1:3

The sonys of Yrael, and of the kyngus bloode, and the children of tyrauntis.

An absolute monarch; one who rules in despotism.


rewme

English: realm

Scots: realm

Borrowed from Old French reaume, of disputed origin. For the change of /ɛu̯/ to /ɛː/ before /m/, compare flewme.

And it was doon aftirward · ⁊ [iheſus] made iourneis bi citees ⁊ caſtelis, [pꝛe]ch[in]ge ⁊ euangelizynge þe rewme of god / ⁊ twelue wiþ h[im] ·

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Luke 8:1, page 32r, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

After that happened, Jesus made visits to cities and fortresses, preaching about and disseminating the kingdom of God with the Twelve alongside him.


Dauphin

English: dauphin, Dauphin

Borrowed from Middle French dauphin, from Old French dalphin, from Latin delphīnus, from Ancient Greek δελφίς (delphís); doublet of delphyn, which some forms are influenced by.

(Late Middle English) The Dauphin (French crown prince)


paleys

English: palace

Scots: pallace

From Old French palais, paleis, from Latin palātium, from Palātium (“Palatine Hill”).

A palace; an official ornate dwelling of a high official.


casere

Middle Scots: casar, casere, cazard

Inherited from Old English cāsere, alteration of earlier cāser, from Proto-West Germanic *kaisar, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar. Doublet of kayser.

Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire#English

(Northern or Early Middle English) An emperor (of Rome or the Holy Roman Empire)


mageste

English: majesty

Scots: maijesty

Borrowed from Old French majesté, from Latin māiestās.

That which befits a monarch; majesty, might, power, formality.


intronizen

intronizen (infinitive)
to intronizen (infinitive)
intronize (infinitive)
intronize (first-person present singular)
intronized (first-person past singular)
intronizest (present second-person singular)
intronizedest (past second-person singular)
intronizeth (present singular third-person)
intronized (past singular third-person)
intronize (present singular subjunctive)
intronized (past singular subjunctive)
intronize (imperative present singular)
intronizen (plural present)
intronize (plural present)
intronizeden (past plural)
intronizede (past plural)
intronizeth (imperative plural present)
intronize (imperative plural present)
intronizynge (participle present)
intronizende (participle present)
intronized (participle past)
yintronized (participle past)

desc

English: inthronize, enthronize, enthronise (obsolete)

From Old French introniser, entronisier, from Late Latin inthronizare, intronizāre, from Ancient Greek ἐνθρονίζειν (enthronízein); equivalent to en- + trone (“throne”) + -izen.


crownynge

English: crowning


coronacioun

English: coronation

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman coronacion; equivalent to corounen + -acioun.


coronement

English: crownment

From Old French coronement, coronemant; equivalent to corounen + -ment.


corounen

corounen (infinitive)
to corounen (infinitive)
coroune (infinitive)
coroune (first-person present singular)
corouned (first-person past singular)
corounest (present second-person singular)
corounedest (past second-person singular)
corouneth (present singular third-person)
corouned (past singular third-person)
coroune (present singular subjunctive)
corouned (past singular subjunctive)
coroune (imperative present singular)
corounen (plural present)
coroune (plural present)
corouneden (past plural)
corounede (past plural)
corouneth (imperative plural present)
coroune (imperative plural present)
corounynge (participle present)
corounende (participle present)
corouned (participle past)
ycorouned (participle past)

English: crown

Scots: croun, croon

From Old French coroner (modern French couronner), from Latin corōnō; equivalent to coroune + -en (infinitival suffix).

To put a crown on one's head (often as a symbol of power or might):

To crown; to perform a crowning or install as monarch.

To let or allow into a monastic community or grouping.


coroune

English: crown (see there for further descendants)

Scots: croun, croon

→ Welsh: coron

From Anglo-Norman coroune, curune, corone, from Latin corōna, from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē).

That which belongs or pertains to a monarch:

A monarch's property or owndom; that which a king owns.


emperie

English: empery (archaic)

Borrowed from Old French emperie, from Latin imperium. Doublet of empire.

Emperorship; the office or title of emperor.


tirannye

English: tyranny

Scots: tyranny

From Old French tyrannie, from Medieval Latin tyrannia, from Ancient Greek τυραννία (turannía); equivalent to and influenced by tyraunt + -ie.

(rare) What an absolute monarch does and decides.


tyraundise

From Old French tirandise, tirannise, equivalent to tyraunt + -ise.

Tyranny; the harsh and merciless actions of a ruler.


tyrauntrie

Tyranny, tyrannical deeds; the harsh and merciless actions of a ruler.

The rulership, authority, or control of a despot or evil force.

The state of being oppressed or maltreated; keeping down.

(rare) An excessively or extremely high level of ruthlessness.


royalte

English: royalty

Scots: royalty

From Old French roialté, from Vulgar Latin *rēgālitātem, accusative singular of *rēgālitās; equivalent to royal + -te.

Grandeur, lavishness, or splendor befitting a monarch.


kingriche

English: kingric

Scots: kingrick, kingrik

From king + -riche, possibly as a calque of Old Norse konungríki or a modification of kineriche.

(figurative, rare) A divinely-ruled realm.


kingles

English: kingless

From king + -les, possibly as a calque of Old Norse konunglauss.

(uncommon, especially Northern) Without a king; kingless.