quarter

quarters (plural)
quartere (alternative)
quartier (alternative)
quartre (alternative)
quater (alternative)
quatere (alternative)
quatter (alternative)
qwarter (alternative)
wharter (alternative)

English: quarter

Scots: quarter, corter

Yola: curthere, cortere

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman quarter, from Latin quartārius.

A quarter (fourth part of something):
A quarter of a whole chicken.

A quarter of the year; a three-month period.

A quarter of the night; a three-hour period.

A quarter of an hour; a 15-minute period.

A unit of capacity (being a quarter of another measure).

A unit of weight (often a quarter of an ounce or pound).

A unit of length (nine inches; being quarter of an ell).


violet

English: violet

From Old French violette, from Latin viola.

vyolet (alternative)
vyolette (alternative)
violette (alternative)
vyelet (alternative)
vialet (alternative)


sol

From Latin sōl (“sun”), or perhaps from Old English sōl (“sun”), both of which hail from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥.

The brightest and warmest celestial body, considered to be a planet in the Ptolemic system; the Sun (the center of our solar system).


pigment

pigmentes (plural)
pygment (alternative)

English: pigment


saffron

English: saffron

Scots: sefron

c. 1200, borrowed from Old French safran, from Medieval Latin safranum, from Arabic زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān);
as a colour adjective from the late 14th century.

saffroun (alternative)
safroun (alternative)
safferon (alternative)
safryn (alternative)
saffryn (alternative)
safran (alternative)
safron (alternative)
safurroun (alternative)
saferowne (alternative)
saffren (alternative)
safur (alternative)
safer (alternative)
saffyron (alternative)
saffran (alternative)
saferon (alternative)
saffrin (alternative)


vert

English: vert

Borrowed from Old French vert, from Vulgar Latin virdis, syncopated from Classical Latin viridis.

wert (alternative)
verte (alternative)
verd (alternative)


vert

English: vert


light

lightes (plural)
lighte (alternative)
lyght (alternative)
lyghte (alternative)
liȝt (alternative)
liȝte (alternative)
lyȝt (alternative)
lyȝte (alternative)
lijȝt (alternative)
liȝht (alternative)
lyȝht (alternative)
lyȝhte (alternative)
liȝth (alternative)
lyȝth (alternative)
ligt (alternative)
lygtte (alternative)
ligth (alternative)
liht (alternative)
lihte (alternative)
lyht (alternative)
lyhte (alternative)
lith (alternative)
lithe (alternative)
lyth (alternative)
lythe (alternative)
litht (alternative)
lite (alternative)
lyte (alternative)
lit (alternative)
lytte (alternative)
lichte (alternative)
lict (alternative)
licth (alternative)
liste (alternative)
leoht (alternative)
leocht (alternative)
loht (alternative)

English: light

Geordie English: leet

Scots: licht

Yola: lhygt

From Old English lēoht (“light, daylight; power of vision; luminary; world”), from Proto-West Germanic *leuht, from Proto-Germanic *leuhtą (“light”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewktom, from the root *lewk- (“light”).
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *lewk-der.
Proto-Germanic *leuhtaz
Proto-West Germanic *leuht
Old English lēoht
Middle English light

etymon

The radiation which allows for vision by brightening objects and colours.

Illumination in general, or any source thereof.

(architecture) an opening in a wall allowing for the transmission of light; a window.


snow

snowes (plural)
snaw (alternative)
snowe (alternative)
snawe (alternative)
snowȝ (alternative)
snoȝ (alternative)
snogh (alternative)
snou (alternative)

English: snow

Scots: snaw

Yola: sneow, sneew, snowe, snow

From Old English snāw, from Proto-West Germanic *snaiw, from Proto-Germanic *snaiwaz.


lune

English: Luna

From Old French lune (“moon”), from Latin lūna.

(astronomy, sometimes capitalised) The celestial body closest to the Earth, considered to be a planet in the Ptolemic system as well as the boundary between the Earth and the heavens.


sonne

sonnes (plural)
sunne (alternative)
sone (alternative)
son (alternative)
sune (alternative)
sun (alternative)
sunna (alternative)
sunnæ (alternative)
synne (alternative)
soen (alternative)
zunne (alternative)
zonne (alternative)

English: sun

Scots: sun

Yola: zin

From Old English sunne, from Proto-West Germanic *sunnā, from Proto-Germanic *sunnǭ.

14th c. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales. General Prologue: 7-8.
The tendre croppes, and the yonge sonne
Hath in the Ram his halfe cours yronne,

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

The brightest and warmest celestial body, considered to be a planet in the Ptolemic system; the Sun.


sad

head

sad (plural and weak singular sadde, comparative saddere, superlative saddest)

sadde (plural)
sadde (singular weak)
saddere (comparative)
saddest (superlative)
saad (alternative)
sadd (alternative)
zed (alternative)
sæd (alternative)
sead (alternative)
sed (alternative)

English: sad

Scots: sad

From Old English sæd, from Proto-West Germanic *sad, from Proto-Germanic *sadaz, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂-.

firm, solid, hard: [from 14th c.]
secure (inspiring trust)

firm, solid, hard:
secure (inspiring trust)


reed

14th c., Chaucer, General Prologue
Boold was hir face, and fair, and reed of hewe.

Bold was her face, and fair, and red of hue.


brand

brandes (plural)
braund (alternative)
brend (alternative)
brond (alternative)
broond (alternative)

English: brand

Scots: brand

Yola: broan, brone

From Old English brand, brond, from Proto-West Germanic *brand, from Proto-Germanic *brandaz.


vapour

vapours (plural)
vapor (alternative)
vapoure (alternative)
vapur (alternative)
wapour (alternative)

English: vapour, vapor

Scots: vapour

Yola: vaaper

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman vapour, from Latin vapor.

Fumes or vapour; a visible gaseous emission:


blast

blastes (plural)
blaste (alternative)
blæst (alternative)
blest (alternative)

English: blast
→ Irish: bleaist

Scots: blast

From Old English blǣst, from Proto-West Germanic *blāst(i), from Proto-Germanic *blēstuz; equivalent to blasen + -th.

The sound produced by thunder or storms.


flax

English: flax

Inherited from Old English fleax, from Proto-West Germanic *flahs, from Proto-Germanic *flahsą, from Proto-Indo-European *plek-.

fflex (alternative)
flaxe (alternative)
flex (alternative)
flexe (alternative)
vlex (alternative)


bale

English: bale (archaic)

Scots: bale

Either from Old English bǣl, Old Norse bál, or a conflation of both; in any case, from Proto-Germanic *bēlą.


sanguine

sanguynes (plural)
sanguyn (alternative)
sangweyne (alternative)
sangwen (alternative)
sangewyn (alternative)
sangwyn (alternative)
sangwyne (alternative)
sanguyne (alternative)
sangueyn (alternative)

English: sanguine

From Old French sanguin (and feminine sanguine), from Latin sanguineus.

medicinal humors: humour: coler · flewme · malencolie · sanguine [edit]

medicinal humor adjectives: humour: colerik · fleumatik · malencolik · sanguine [edit]

A bloody red colour; sanguine or blood red.


taper

tapres (plural)
tapre (alternative)
tapyr (alternative)
tapir (alternative)
tapor (alternative)
tapour (alternative)
tapur (alternative)
tapper (alternative)

English: taper

From Old English tapor, possibly from Latin papȳrus (if so, a doublet of papirus).


blase

blases (plural)
blasen (plural)
blese (alternative)
blaese (alternative)
blease (alternative)

English: blaze

desc

Scots: bleize, blase, blese, bleise, bleis, bleeze

Yola: blaze, bleaze, blease

From Old English blæse, blase, from Proto-West Germanic *blasā, from Proto-Germanic *blasǭ.

(rare) A lamp or beacon (fire used as lighting).


gul

⇒ Scots: golgrav

Yola: ghou

Borrowed from Old Norse gulr, from Proto-Germanic *gulaz.

gull (alternative)
gulle (alternative)
gule (alternative)
goule (alternative)
goole (alternative)


fagot

fagotes (plural)
faggett (alternative)
faget (alternative)
ffagott (alternative)
fakett (alternative)
fagett (alternative)

English: faggot, fagot

Scots: faggot

Yola: fagoghes (plural)

Borrowed from Old French fagot; further etymology is disputed.


sooty

English: sooty

Scots: suitie, sitty, sittie

soti (alternative)
soty (alternative)
soyty (alternative)
sotye (alternative)


glede

gledes (plural)
gleden (plural)
gleede (alternative)

English: glede, glead, gleed

Scots: gleed, gleid

Inherited from Old English glēd, from Proto-West Germanic *glōdi, from Proto-Germanic *glōdiz; the final vowel is generalised from the Old English oblique cases.

"But of the fir and flaumbe funeral / In which my body brennen shal to glede,

c. 1380, Geoffrey Chaucer, “Troilus and Criseyde”, in B.A. Windeatt, editor, Troilus and Criseyde: "The Book of Troilus" by Geoffrey Chaucer, Taylor & Francis (Routledge), published 2016, page 462:


swart

head

swart (plural and weak singular swarte, comparative swarter)

swarte (plural)
swarte (singular weak)
swarter (comparative)
sweorte (alternative)
swearte (alternative)
sweart (alternative)
swærte (alternative)
swarte (alternative)
suart (alternative)
suarte (alternative)
swert (alternative)
swerte (alternative)

English: swart, swarth

Scots: swart

From Old English sweart, from Proto-West Germanic *swart, from Proto-Germanic *swartaz; compare Middle Dutch swart, Middle Low German swart, Middle High German swarz.

Black-skinned, swarthy; having dark skin.

Black; swart.
(rare) Bruised, heavily wounded.


tinder

English: tinder

Scots: tunder, tundir

From Old English tynder, from Proto-Germanic *tundrą.

tunder (alternative)
tender (alternative)
tonder (alternative)
tyndre (alternative)
tyndir (alternative)
tendre (alternative)
tundir (alternative)
tundur (alternative)
tundyr (alternative)


inde

From Old French Inde (“India”), from Latin India, from Ancient Greek Ἰνδῐ́ᾱ (Indĭ́ā).

ynde (alternative)
ind (alternative)
hinde (alternative)
hynde (alternative)
hind (alternative)
hende (alternative)


beten

enm-verb

beten (third-person singular simple present beteth, present participle betynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative bet, past participle beten)

beteth (present singular third-person)
betynge (participle present)
bet (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
beten (participle past)
beten (infinitive)
to beten (infinitive)
bete (infinitive)
bete (first-person present singular)
bet (first-person past singular)
bette (first-person past singular)
betest (present second-person singular)
bete (past second-person singular)
bet (past second-person singular)
bettest (past second-person singular)
beteth (present singular third-person)
bet (past singular third-person)
bette (past singular third-person)
bete (present singular subjunctive)
bete (past singular subjunctive)
bette (past singular subjunctive)
bete (imperative present singular)
beten (plural present)
bete (plural present)
beten (past plural)
bete (past plural)
betten (past plural)
bette (past plural)
beteth (imperative plural present)
bete (imperative plural present)
betynge (participle present)
betende (participle present)
beten (participle past)
bete (participle past)
bet (participle past)
ybeten (participle past)
ybete (participle past)
beete (alternative)
bet (alternative)
bete (alternative)
betyn (alternative)
beytt (alternative)
beaten (alternative)
byete (alternative)

desctree

English: beat
→ Pennsylvania German: biede

Scots: beat, beit

Inherited from Old English bēatan, from Proto-West Germanic *bautan, from Proto-Germanic *bautaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewd-.

To beat; to repeatedly strike or hit:
To bat (wings or eyes) up and down.


beten

enm-verb

beten (third-person singular simple present beteth, present participle betynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative bette, past participle bet)

beteth (present singular third-person)
betynge (participle present)
bette (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
bet (participle past)
beten (infinitive)
to beten (infinitive)
bete (infinitive)
bete (first-person present singular)
bette (first-person past singular)
bete (first-person past singular)
betest (present second-person singular)
bettest (past second-person singular)
betest (past second-person singular)
beteth (present singular third-person)
bet (present singular third-person)
bette (past singular third-person)
bete (past singular third-person)
bete (present singular subjunctive)
bette (past singular subjunctive)
bete (past singular subjunctive)
bete (imperative present singular)
beten (plural present)
bete (plural present)
betten (past plural)
bette (past plural)
beten (past plural)
bete (past plural)
beteth (imperative plural present)
bete (imperative plural present)
betynge (participle present)
betende (participle present)
bet (participle past)
ybet (participle past)
beete (alternative)
bete (alternative)
bett (alternative)
betten (alternative)
beytt (alternative)
betenn (alternative)
beote (alternative)

English: beet (dialectal, obsolete)

Scots: bete, beit, beet, beat

Inherited from Old English bētan, from Proto-West Germanic *bōtijan, from Proto-Germanic *bōtijaną; some forms are remodelled on bet (“better”).

To expiate; to make amends for a sin or wrong.


skyr

English: skire (obsolete), sheer

Scots: skyre

From Old Norse skírr, from Proto-Germanic *skīriz. Doublet of schyre.

skir (alternative)
skire (alternative)
skyre (alternative)

clear-coloured, pale, light, luminous, radiant


fyr

English: fire

→ Japanese: ファイヤー (faiyā)

Sranan Tongo: faya

Scots: fyre, feier

Yola: vire, vier

From Old English fȳr, from Proto-West Germanic *fuir, from Proto-Germanic *fōr.

fier (alternative)
vir (alternative)
fer (alternative)
fur (alternative)


branden

branden (infinitive)
to branden (infinitive)
brande (infinitive)
brande (first-person present singular)
brante (first-person past singular)
branded (first-person past singular)
brandest (present second-person singular)
brantest (past second-person singular)
brandedest (past second-person singular)
brandeth (present singular third-person)
brante (past singular third-person)
branded (past singular third-person)
brande (present singular subjunctive)
brante (past singular subjunctive)
branded (past singular subjunctive)
brande (imperative present singular)
branden (plural present)
brande (plural present)
branten (past plural)
brante (past plural)
brandeden (past plural)
brandede (past plural)
brandeth (imperative plural present)
brande (imperative plural present)
brandynge (participle present)
brandende (participle present)
brant (participle past)
branded (participle past)
ybrant (participle past)
ybranded (participle past)
brande (alternative)
bronden (alternative)
bronnyn (alternative)
broondyn (alternative)

English: brand


heten

heten (third-person singular simple present heteth, present participle hetynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative hette, past participle het)

heteth (present singular third-person)
hetynge (participle present)
hette (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
het (participle past)
heten (infinitive)
to heten (infinitive)
hete (infinitive)
hete (first-person present singular)
hette (first-person past singular)
hetest (present second-person singular)
hettest (past second-person singular)
heteth (present singular third-person)
hette (past singular third-person)
hete (present singular subjunctive)
hette (past singular subjunctive)
hete (imperative present singular)
heten (plural present)
hete (plural present)
hetten (past plural)
hette (past plural)
heteth (imperative plural present)
hete (imperative plural present)
hetynge (participle present)
hetende (participle present)
het (participle past)
yhet (participle past)
hete (alternative)
hetyn (alternative)
heaten (alternative)

English: heat

Scots: heat, haet, het

⇒ Scots: het

Inherited from Old English hǣtan, from Proto-West Germanic *haitijan, from Proto-Germanic *haitijaną; equivalent to hete (“heat”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


sor

English: sore (obsolete)

From Old French sor, from Frankish *saur, from Proto-Germanic *sauzaz. Doublet of sere (“dry”).

sore (alternative)
sowre (alternative)
sawre (alternative)
soure (alternative)
sowyr (alternative)
soore (alternative)

sorrel (red-brown; used to describe animals)


plunket

English: blunket (obsolete)

Potentially from Old Northern French blanket; though this etymology is disputed; more at English blunket.

plonket (alternative)
plunkket (alternative)
ploncket (alternative)
plunkett (alternative)
blunket (alternative)
plaunket (alternative)
plonkeut (alternative)


auripigment

English: auripigment

orpiment (as used in alchemy and medicine)


blake

[1888] Whil heo weoren blake […] whil heo weoren ræde. [19890] Ænne stunde he wes blac […] while he wes reod.

1400, St. Alexius (Cott.), 236

1420, Anturs Arth. li: *: Thayre blees weren so blake. Alle blake was thayre blees.

The vynes blake awaie thowe take, eke greene And tender vynes kytte.

1530, Palsgr., 306: *: Blake, wan of colour.


frosty

English: frosty

Scots: frosty

From Old English forstiġ, from Proto-West Germanic *frostag, equivalent to frost + -y. Compare Old English fyrstiġ.

forsty (alternative)
frosti (alternative)


blasen

blasen (infinitive)
to blasen (infinitive)
blase (infinitive)
blase (first-person present singular)
blased (first-person past singular)
blasest (present second-person singular)
blasedest (past second-person singular)
blaseth (present singular third-person)
blased (past singular third-person)
blase (present singular subjunctive)
blased (past singular subjunctive)
blase (imperative present singular)
blasen (plural present)
blase (plural present)
blaseden (past plural)
blasede (past plural)
blaseth (imperative plural present)
blase (imperative plural present)
blasynge (participle present)
blasende (participle present)
blased (participle past)
yblased (participle past)
blase (alternative)
blasyn (alternative)

English: blaze

Scots: bleize

To blaze; to be alight or flaming with intensity.


blasen

blasen (infinitive)
to blasen (infinitive)
blase (infinitive)
blase (first-person present singular)
blased (first-person past singular)
blasest (present second-person singular)
blasedest (past second-person singular)
blaseth (present singular third-person)
blased (past singular third-person)
blase (present singular subjunctive)
blased (past singular subjunctive)
blase (imperative present singular)
blasen (plural present)
blase (plural present)
blaseden (past plural)
blasede (past plural)
blaseth (imperative plural present)
blase (imperative plural present)
blasynge (participle present)
blasende (participle present)
blased (participle past)
yblased (participle past)

English: blaze

From Old English *blǣsan, from Proto-West Germanic *blāsan.


serge

serges (plural)
cerge (alternative)
serje (alternative)
sherge (alternative)
cirge (alternative)

English: cierge

Scots: serge, sarge (obsolete)

From Old French cierge, cerge, cirge, from Latin cereus (“waxy”).


candel

candles (plural)
candlen (plural)
condel (alternative)
kandyl (alternative)
kandel (alternative)
candyll (alternative)
candell (alternative)

English: candle (see there for further descendants)

Scots: candil, candel, candle

Yola: condale, candale, condel

From Old English candel, from Latin candēla.


lanterne

lanternes (plural)
launterne (alternative)
lantren (alternative)
lantern (alternative)
laterne (alternative)

desctree

English: lantern, lanthorn (archaic)
→ Bengali: লন্ঠন (lonṭhon)
Hindi: लालटेन (lālṭen)
→ Irish: laindéar
→ Malay: lentera
Indonesian: lentera
→ Telugu: లాంతరు (lāntaru)

Scots: lantern

From Old French lanterne, from Latin lanterna, from Ancient Greek λαμπτήρ (lamptḗr).


cresset

cressettes (plural)
crasset (alternative)
crescet (alternative)
cressett (alternative)
cressyt (alternative)
kirsett (alternative)
kressette (alternative)

English: cresset

Borrowed from Old French crasset, cresset, possibly from a West Germanic language.


sparke

enm-noun

sparke (plural sparkes or (early) sparken)

sparkes (plural)
sparken (plural)
sparc (alternative)
sparck (alternative)
spark (alternative)
sperk (alternative)
sperke (alternative)

English: spark (see there for further descendants)

Scots: spark, sperk

From Old English spearca, from Proto-West Germanic *sparkō, perhaps from Proto-Germanic *sparkaz.


derk

head

derk (plural and weak singular derke, comparative derker, superlative derkest)

derke (plural)
derke (singular weak)
derker (comparative)
derkest (superlative)
dearc (alternative)
dork (alternative)
durk (alternative)

English: dark

Scots: derk

Yola: dhourk, durk

From Old English deorc, from Proto-West Germanic *derk; compare therk.


torche

torches (plural)
torghe (alternative)
torge (alternative)
torch (alternative)

English: torch

From Old French torche, from Vulgar Latin *torca.


lilie

lilies (plural)
lili (alternative)
lylye (alternative)
leli (alternative)
lely (alternative)
lilye (alternative)
lyllie (alternative)
lyly (alternative)
lylly (alternative)
lelye (alternative)

English: lily

Scots: lily

From Old English lilie, from Latin līlia, plural of līlium, from Ancient Greek λείριον (leírion), from Fayyumic Coptic ϩⲗⲏⲣⲓ (hlēri) (compare Sahidic Coptic ϩⲣⲏⲣⲉ (hrēre)), from Demotic (ḥrry, “flower”), from Egyptian ḥrrt (“flower”).

der

<i class="Latn mention" lang="egx-dem">ḥrry</i>

A pure, good, and holy individual (e.g. Jesus, the Virgin Mary)


sorel

English: sorrel

surele (alternative)
sorele (alternative)
sorelle (alternative)
surell (alternative)
sorell (alternative)

Rumex acetosa
Rumex acetosa#Translingual

Oxalis acetosella
Oxalis acetosella#Translingual


sorel

English: sorel, sorrel

From Old French sorel; equivalent to sor (“sorrel”) + -el (diminutive suffix).

af

sorell (alternative)
sorelle (alternative)
sowrel (alternative)


percher

perchers (plural)
perchere (alternative)
perchor (alternative)
perchour (alternative)
pierchier (alternative)

English: percher


leme

lemes (plural)
leem (alternative)
lem (alternative)
leom (alternative)
lewme (alternative)
lume (alternative)
lym (alternative)
lyme (alternative)
leame (alternative)
leome (alternative)
lome (alternative)

English: leam

Scots: leim, leme

From Old English lēoma, from Proto-West Germanic *leuhmō.
Forms with /ɛː/ are unexpected; they may be due to the influence of beem and gleem.

Light, brightness, or an instance of it:

Firis with red lemes.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Tale of the Nonnes Preest”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:

(figuratively) Wisdom, revelation, or one who grants it.


nyght

enm-noun

nyght (plural nyghtes or nyght or nyghte)

nyghtes (plural)
nyght (plural)
nyghte (plural)
naht (alternative)
night (alternative)
nighte (alternative)
niȝt (alternative)
niht (alternative)
nyghte (alternative)
nyȝt (alternative)
nyȝte (alternative)
nyhte (alternative)

English: night

Geordie English: neet

Scots: nicht, neicht

Yola: neeght, nieght, nyeght

From Old English niht, from Proto-West Germanic *naht, from Proto-Germanic *nahts, from Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts.

And smale foweles maken melodye / That slepen al the nyght with open iye

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “Here Bygynneth the Book of the Tales of Caunt́burẏ”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 2, recto, lines 9-10:

And small birds make melodies, / sleeping all night with an open eye.


saphir

saphirs (plural)
safeer (alternative)
safere (alternative)
saffer (alternative)
saffir (alternative)
saffre (alternative)
saffyre (alternative)
safier (alternative)
safir (alternative)
safre (alternative)
sapher (alternative)
saphier (alternative)
saphijr (alternative)
saphire (alternative)
saphyre (alternative)

English: sapphire

Borrowed from Old French saphir, saffre, from Latin sapphir, sappir, sapphīrus, from Ancient Greek σάπφειρος (sáppheiros).


beken

bekenes (plural)
beeken (alternative)
beekne (alternative)
bekene (alternative)
bekne (alternative)
bekyn (alternative)
biken (alternative)

English: beacon

Scots: beikin, bekin

Inherited from Old English bēacn, bēcn, from Proto-West Germanic *baukn, from Proto-Germanic *baukną.

(rare) The structure a beacon is placed on.


matere

materes (plural)
mater (alternative)
materie (alternative)
matier (alternative)
matiere (alternative)
mateer (alternative)
matire (alternative)
matir (alternative)
matyre (alternative)
matyr (alternative)
mature (alternative)
matur (alternative)

English: matter

Scots: matter, maitter

From Anglo-Norman matere, from Latin māteria.

One of a human body's liquids or fluids; a biofluid:

(rare) Partially digested food while sitting in the stomach.

A topic or theme; an area of knowledge or discussion:

The information or informants one draws upon for a work; the matter used as source.


stremen

stremen (infinitive)
to stremen (infinitive)
streme (infinitive)
streme (first-person present singular)
stremed (first-person past singular)
stremest (present second-person singular)
stremedest (past second-person singular)
stremeth (present singular third-person)
stremed (past singular third-person)
streme (present singular subjunctive)
stremed (past singular subjunctive)
streme (imperative present singular)
stremen (plural present)
streme (plural present)
stremeden (past plural)
stremede (past plural)
stremeth (imperative plural present)
streme (imperative plural present)
stremynge (participle present)
stremende (participle present)
stremed (participle past)
ystremed (participle past)
streme (alternative)

English: stream

Scots: stream

To bleed; to experience bleeding or blood loss.

To shine; to stream out (of a light or glow)


mader

English: madder

desc

Scots: mather, mader, madder, malder, maider (obsolete)

→ Irish: madra, madar

From Old English mædere, mædre, from Proto-Germanic *madarǭ.

madere (alternative)
madur (alternative)
madyr (alternative)
madyre (alternative)
maddir (alternative)
madir (alternative)
mædere (alternative)

Rubia tinctorum
Rubia tinctorum#Translingual

Madder (Rubia tinctorum) or a similar plant.


weke

wekes (plural)
weken (plural)
week (alternative)
weeke (alternative)
weyke (alternative)
wieke (alternative)
wike (alternative)
woke (alternative)
wouke (alternative)
wowke (alternative)
wuke (alternative)
wycke (alternative)
wyke (alternative)

English: week

Scots: wouk

Yola: wick, wik

From Old English wiċe, wucu; from Proto-West Germanic *wikā, from Proto-Germanic *wikǭ.

week (any duration of (around) seven days)


morter

morteres (plural)
mortere (alternative)
morteer (alternative)
mortar (alternative)
moorter (alternative)

English: mortar (see there for further descendants)

Scots: mortar

→ Welsh: morter, mortar

Borrowed from Old French mortier, from Latin mortārium.

Grout or mortar (that which holds bricks together)

A bowl with fuel inside used for a light source.

Any kind of bowl, vessel, or indentation.

(rare) A bowl that wrongdoers are forced to carry.


schaft

schaftes (plural)
scæft (alternative)
scaft (alternative)
shaft (alternative)
sschaft (alternative)
scheft (alternative)
sheft (alternative)
shafft (alternative)
schafft (alternative)
chafte (alternative)
saft (alternative)
shaffet (alternative)
schafte (alternative)
shafte (alternative)

English: shaft

Scots: schaft, shaft

Inherited from Old English sċeaft (“shaft”), from Proto-West Germanic *skaft, from Proto-Germanic *skaftaz.

inh+

A weapon's shaft; the body of a polearm.

A spear or similar weapon based around its shaft.

A missile, projectile, or the shaft of one.


hewe

hewes (plural)
heou (alternative)
heow (alternative)
heowe (alternative)
heouwe (alternative)
heu (alternative)
hew (alternative)
hiwe (alternative)
hou (alternative)
howe (alternative)
hu (alternative)
hue (alternative)
huȝe (alternative)
hwe (alternative)
hyw (alternative)

English: hue

Scots: hew, hu, hue

Inherited from Old English hīew, from Proto-West Germanic *hiwi, from Proto-Germanic *hiwją.
Forms with a final vowel are probably generalised datives, especially in the common combination of (red, grene, etc.) hewe.


derknesse

English: darkness

Scots: daurkness

From Old English deorcnes; equivalent to derk + -nesse.

derckness (alternative)
dercness (alternative)
derkenes (alternative)
derkenesse (alternative)
derkenys (alternative)
derknes (alternative)
derknez (alternative)
dirkenes (alternative)
dirknes (alternative)
dorknesse (alternative)
durkenes (alternative)
dyrknys (alternative)

[...] ‘Now, Cristes owene knightes leve and dere,
Caste alle awey the werkes of derknesse,

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Second Nun's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 383-385

… ‘Now, Christ's own knights beloved and dear,
Cast away all the works of darkness,
And arm yourselves in armor of brightness.’

And armeth yow in armure of brightnesse.’


deyen

English: dye

deȝen (alternative)
dien (alternative)
deien (alternative)
digen (alternative)
degen (alternative)
deghen (alternative)
deȝen (alternative)


sanguinolent

English: sanguinolent

From Old French sanguinolent, borrowed itself from Latin sanguinolentus.

Blood-coloured; having the same colour of blood.


gnast

English: gnast

From Old English *gnāst, from Proto-Germanic *gahnaistô.

gnost (alternative)
gnoste (alternative)
knast (alternative)


schinen

schinen (infinitive)
to schinen (infinitive)
schine (infinitive)
schine (first-person present singular)
schon (first-person past singular)
schined (first-person past singular)
schinest (present second-person singular)
schone (past second-person singular)
schine (past second-person singular)
schon (past second-person singular)
schinedest (past second-person singular)
schineth (present singular third-person)
schon (past singular third-person)
schined (past singular third-person)
schine (present singular subjunctive)
schone (past singular subjunctive)
schine (past singular subjunctive)
schined (past singular subjunctive)
schine (imperative present singular)
schinen (plural present)
schine (plural present)
schonen (past plural)
schone (past plural)
schinen (past plural)
schine (past plural)
schineden (past plural)
schinede (past plural)
schineth (imperative plural present)
schine (imperative plural present)
schinynge (participle present)
schinende (participle present)
schinen (participle past)
schined (participle past)
yschinen (participle past)
yschined (participle past)
scinen (alternative)
sinen (alternative)
schynen (alternative)
shinen (alternative)
shynen (alternative)
shyne (alternative)
schyne (alternative)
schine (alternative)
shine (alternative)
schyn (alternative)
schinin (alternative)
ssine (alternative)

English: shine

Scots: shine, shyne

From Old English scīnan, from Proto-West Germanic *skīnan, from Proto-Germanic *skīnaną.

To emit brightness and lightness; to shine:

To emit light naturally; to be bright (like a lamp)

To emit light inherently; to be light (like a sheet of paper)

To shimmer; to shine due to being glossy, smooth or viscous.

To be reflective or shine due to this reflectivity

To gleam; to shine due to expensive accoutrements.

To shine due to spiritual or mystic power; to shine with holy light.

To shine upon an area, resulting in it becoming lighter.


nyghtertale

English: nightertale

A calque of Old Norse náttarþel, as if nyght + -er + tale.

naghtertale (alternative)
nighter tal (alternative)
nightertale (alternative)
nighter tale (alternative)
nightirtale (alternative)
nightir tale (alternative)
niȝtter-tale (alternative)
nihttertale (alternative)
nither-tale (alternative)
nyghtertall (alternative)
nyghtertayll (alternative)
nyghtirtale (alternative)
nyȝter-tale (alternative)
nythertale (alternative)

So hoote he loued / that by nyghtertale / He slepte namooꝛe / than dooth a nyghtyngale

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “Here Bygynneth the Book of the Tales of Caunt́burẏ”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 3, recto, lines 96-97:

He loved so ardently / that at nighttime / He didn't sleep any more / than a nightingale does.


blowen

blowen (infinitive)
to blowen (infinitive)
blowe (infinitive)
blowe (first-person present singular)
blew (first-person past singular)
blowest (present second-person singular)
blewe (past second-person singular)
blew (past second-person singular)
bloweth (present singular third-person)
blew (past singular third-person)
blowe (present singular subjunctive)
blewe (past singular subjunctive)
blowe (imperative present singular)
blowen (plural present)
blowe (plural present)
blewen (past plural)
blewe (past plural)
bloweth (imperative plural present)
blowe (imperative plural present)
blowynge (participle present)
blowende (participle present)
blowen (participle past)
blowe (participle past)
yblowen (participle past)
yblowe (participle past)
blouen (alternative)
blow (alternative)
blowe (alternative)
blowyn (alternative)
blawe (alternative)
blawen (alternative)
bloawen (alternative)

English: blow

Geordie English: blaw

Scots: blaw

Yola: blay

Inherited from Old English blāwan, from Proto-West Germanic *blāan, from Proto-Germanic *blēaną.

To blow (produce a current of air):
To strengthen a fire by blowing on it.


sored

sorde (alternative)
sorede (alternative)
soired (alternative)


ssed

(Kent) shade (protection; darkness formed by blocking light)


funke

English: funk (obsolete)

From Old English *funca, from Proto-West Germanic *funkō, from Proto-Germanic *funkô.


nihterne

From Old English nihterne. Equivalent to nyght + -erne.

(hapax, Early Middle English) Of or by the night.


nyȝtschade

English: nightshade

From Old English nihtsċada. Equivalent to nyght + schade.

nichtheschode (alternative)
niȝteschede (alternative)
niȝteschode (alternative)
nyght shade (alternative)
nyȝteschode (alternative)
niȝteshode (alternative)

nightshade (plant belonging to the genus Solanum)


laumpe

laumpes (plural)
laumpen (plural)
lampe (alternative)
lamp (alternative)
lompe (alternative)
lawmpe (alternative)
lamppe (alternative)

desctree

English: lamp
Tok Pisin: lam
→ Korean: 램프 (raempeu)
→ Pohnpeian: lamp

Scots: lamp

From Old French lampe, from Latin lampas.


schyre

shyrest (superlative)
shir (alternative)
schire (alternative)
schyire (alternative)
schyr (alternative)
shire (alternative)
shyre (alternative)
schirre (alternative)
scirre (alternative)
scire (alternative)
schiere (alternative)

English: shire (obsolete, dialectal), sheer

Scots: schyre

From Old English sċīr (“bright”, adjective) and sċīre (adverb), from Proto-West Germanic *skīr, from Proto-Germanic *skīriz. Doublet of skyr.

bright, shimmering, glistening, luminous, radiant


schyre

Alternative form of schire (“shire, county”)


asshen

English: ashen

From asshe (“burnt matter”) + -en (“pertaining to”).


snow whit

English: snow-white

Scots: snaw-white

From Old English snāwhwīt, from Proto-Germanic *snaiwahwītaz; equivalent to snow + whit.

snowe-white (alternative)
snouwite (alternative)
snawhwit (alternative)
snow whyte (alternative)
snou whyte (alternative)


snowisshe

English: snowish

snowissh (alternative)
snowysshe (alternative)
snowyssh (alternative)
snowych (alternative)


Phebus

English: Phoebus

From Latin Phoebus, from Ancient Greek Φοῖβος (Phoîbos, “[the] Radiant [One]”).

der

(astronomy, sometimes uncapitalised) The brightest and warmest celestial body, considered to be a planet in the Ptolemic system; the Sun.


Appolyn

From inflected forms of Latin Apollo, from Ancient Greek Ἀπόλλων (Apóllōn).

Appolyne (alternative)
Appollyn (alternative)
Appollyne (alternative)
Apollyn (alternative)
Apollyne (alternative)
Apolyn (alternative)
Apolyne (alternative)
Appollo (alternative)
Apollo (alternative)

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) In Greek and Roman mythology, the god governing the sun; Phoebus, Apollo.


bekenen

bekenen (infinitive)
to bekenen (infinitive)
bekene (infinitive)
bekene (first-person present singular)
bekened (first-person past singular)
bekenest (present second-person singular)
bekenedest (past second-person singular)
bekeneth (present singular third-person)
bekened (past singular third-person)
bekene (present singular subjunctive)
bekened (past singular subjunctive)
bekene (imperative present singular)
bekenen (plural present)
bekene (plural present)
bekeneden (past plural)
bekenede (past plural)
bekeneth (imperative plural present)
bekene (imperative plural present)
bekenynge (participle present)
bekenende (participle present)
bekened (participle past)
ybekened (participle past)
beckenen (alternative)
bekenyn (alternative)
beknen (alternative)
beknyn (alternative)
becnen (alternative)
bæcnien (alternative)
becnien (alternative)
beknien (alternative)
beccyn (alternative)
bekyn (alternative)
bekken (alternative)
bikken (alternative)

English: beckon; beck

Middle Scots: bekin

Inherited from Old English bēacnian and bīecnan. Equivalent to beken + -en (infinitival suffix). In some forms, the -n- of the stem has been reanalysed as a infinitival suffix.


chaundeler

chaundelers (plural)
chandeler (alternative)
chandelere (alternative)
chandler (alternative)
chaundeller (alternative)
chaundler (alternative)
schandelere (alternative)
shaundeler (alternative)

English: chandler, candler

Scots: chandler

From Old French chandelier, from Latin candelārius; equivalent to candel + -er.


glowen

glowen (infinitive)
to glowen (infinitive)
glowe (infinitive)
glowe (first-person present singular)
glowed (first-person past singular)
glew (first-person past singular)
glowest (present second-person singular)
glowedest (past second-person singular)
glewe (past second-person singular)
glew (past second-person singular)
gloweth (present singular third-person)
glowed (past singular third-person)
glew (past singular third-person)
glowe (present singular subjunctive)
glowed (past singular subjunctive)
glewe (past singular subjunctive)
glowe (imperative present singular)
glowen (plural present)
glowe (plural present)
gloweden (past plural)
glowede (past plural)
glewen (past plural)
glewe (past plural)
gloweth (imperative plural present)
glowe (imperative plural present)
glowynge (participle present)
glowende (participle present)
glowed (participle past)
glowen (participle past)
glowe (participle past)
yglowed (participle past)
yglowen (participle past)
gloen (alternative)
glouwen (alternative)
glowe (alternative)
glewe (alternative)
glogh (alternative)

English: glow

Scots: glow

From Old English glōwan, from Proto-Germanic *glōaną.

To emit brightness or colour without warmth; to have variegation.

(Christianity, rare) To be in pain or agony from the fires of Hell.


blowynge

blowynges (plural)
bloweing (alternative)
blowing (alternative)
blowinge (alternative)
blowyng (alternative)
bloynge (alternative)
blawyng (alternative)
blawing (alternative)
blawunge (alternative)

English: blowing

Scots: blawin

Yola: blayeen, blauyeen

Inherited from Old English blāwung; equivalent to blowen (“to blow”) + -ing.

Breathing, respiration (the movement of air in and out of the mouth).


asshe

enm-noun

asshe (plural asshen or asshes or asshe or asken)

asshen (plural)
asshes (plural)
asshe (plural)
asken (plural)
axe (alternative)
aske (alternative)
ash (alternative)
assche (alternative)
aysshe (alternative)
asche (alternative)
aisshe (alternative)
asske (alternative)
acxe (alternative)
ass (alternative)
esche (alternative)
esk (alternative)
eshe (alternative)

English: ash

Scots: ess, asch, ais, as, askis

Yola: ashen, oaskean (plural)

From Old English æsce, from Proto-West Germanic *askā, from Proto-Germanic *askǭ.

ashes (the powdery matter produced by a fire, often used in medicine and cooking)

The remnants of a lifeform (generally after cremating)

The matter which one's physical form is made of; bodily matter.

(figuratively) Death, mortality; the end of one's life.

(Christianity) Ashes utilised in ceremonies to represent forgiveness.


asshe

esshys (plural)
asshen (plural)
asch (alternative)
haish (alternative)
asche (alternative)
assh (alternative)
aissh (alternative)
ashe (alternative)
esch (alternative)
assche (alternative)

English: ash

Scots: aish, esh

From Old English æsc, from Proto-West Germanic *ask, from Proto-Germanic *askaz.


asshy

English: ashy

Scots: essy


sterneleme

sterneleme (plural sternelemen or sternelemes)

sternelemen (plural)
sternelemes (plural)
sternelem (alternative)
steorrneleom (alternative)
sterrnelem (alternative)


chymeney

chymeneys (plural)
chemyney (alternative)
chimenai (alternative)
chimeney (alternative)
chiminee (alternative)
chimnay (alternative)
chymenay (alternative)
chymenei (alternative)
chymeneye (alternative)
chymnay (alternative)
chymne (alternative)
chymneth (alternative)
chymney (alternative)
chymneye (alternative)
chymny (alternative)
kymenay (alternative)

English: chimney

Scots: chimley, chimlie

Yola: gimlie

→ Welsh: simnai

Borrowed from Old French chimenee~cheminee, from Late Latin camīnāta. Forms starting with k- are from Old Northern French; forms ending in -th are from early Old French *cheminethe.

bor+

Þerfor þei ſchulen be as a morewtid cloude and as þe deew of morewtid, þat paſſiþ forþ as duſt rauyſchide bi whirlewynd fro þe corn floor and as ſmoke of a chymenei

a. 1382, John Wycliffe, “Osee 13:3”, in Wycliffe's Bible:

And so they will be like the morning cloud, and the dew of the morning which dissipates, as dust lifted by whirlwind from the corn floor, and like the smoke of a chimney.

A chimney; a ventilation chamber for smoke.

A device for heating; a stove or furnace.

(rare, figurative) Something which heats or forges.

(rare, figurative) Any ventilation chamber.


fumerelle

→ English: femerell, fumerell (historical)

femerell (alternative)
fomerel (alternative)
fumerel (alternative)
fumrell (alternative)

A femerell; a vent for smoke to escape out of.


fumygacioun

fumygaciouns (plural)
fumigacioun (alternative)
fumigation (alternative)
fumygacion (alternative)
fumygacyon (alternative)

English: fumigation

Borrowed from Old French fumigation, from Late Latin fumigatio.

The burning of odorous substances for medicinal or religious reasons.


oyle

oyles (plural)
oil (alternative)
oylle (alternative)
olie (alternative)
oli (alternative)
eoli (alternative)
eoyle (alternative)
olige (alternative)
oyll (alternative)
uile (alternative)
oile (alternative)
oyl (alternative)

English: oil

Scots: ile, uilie, ulie

From Anglo-Norman olie and Old French oile, from Latin oleum, from Ancient Greek ἔλαιον (élaion). Compare olyve.

Convincing or favourable words (compare Modern English butter up)


þester

þeostre (alternative)
þuster (alternative)
þyster (alternative)
thestur (alternative)
thestir (alternative)
thester (alternative)

Dark, gloomy; not providing or giving off much light or brightness.

(rare) Incomprehensible, vague, or lacking detail.


þester

The state or quality of being dark; lack of light or brightness.


þesternesse

From Old English þēosterness; equivalent to þester + -nesse.

þeosternesse (alternative)
þiesternesse (alternative)
þusternesse (alternative)
þyesternesse (alternative)
þessterrnesse (alternative)
þisternesse (alternative)
thesternesse (alternative)
þestirnesse (alternative)
þesternes (alternative)

A location that is dark; especially used of Hell.

Immorality, paganism, iniquity; bad religious behaviour (from a Christian viewpoint).


þestri

From Old English þēostrig; equivalent to þester + -y.

þestrie (alternative)
þestrei (alternative)
þeostri (alternative)


þestren

þestren (infinitive)
to þestren (infinitive)
þestre (infinitive)
þestre (first-person present singular)
þestred (first-person past singular)
þestrest (present second-person singular)
þestredest (past second-person singular)
þestreth (present singular third-person)
þestred (past singular third-person)
þestre (present singular subjunctive)
þestred (past singular subjunctive)
þestre (imperative present singular)
þestren (plural present)
þestre (plural present)
þestreden (past plural)
þestrede (past plural)
þestreth (imperative plural present)
þestre (imperative plural present)
þestrynge (participle present)
þestrende (participle present)
þestred (participle past)
yþestred (participle past)
þester (alternative)
þeostren (alternative)
thestren (alternative)

Inherited from Old English þēostrian and þȳstrian, from Proto-West Germanic *þeustrōn (“to make dark”) and *þīustrijēn (“to be dark”).

inh

To become dark or black; to lose its lightness.


forneys

forneyses (plural)
furnays (alternative)
furneis (alternative)
furneys (alternative)
fournace (alternative)
fornes (alternative)
fornys (alternative)
fornyce (alternative)
fornace (alternative)
furnas (alternative)
fourneys (alternative)

English: furnace

Scots: furnace

Borrowed from Old French fornais, from Latin fornāx.

(rare) A device for boiling non-fermented liquor.


blasten

blasten (infinitive)
to blasten (infinitive)
blaste (infinitive)
blaste (first-person present singular)
blasted (first-person past singular)
blaste (first-person past singular)
blastest (present second-person singular)
blastedest (past second-person singular)
blastest (past second-person singular)
blasteth (present singular third-person)
blasted (past singular third-person)
blaste (past singular third-person)
blaste (present singular subjunctive)
blasted (past singular subjunctive)
blaste (past singular subjunctive)
blaste (imperative present singular)
blasten (plural present)
blaste (plural present)
blasteden (past plural)
blastede (past plural)
blasten (past plural)
blaste (past plural)
blasteth (imperative plural present)
blaste (imperative plural present)
blastynge (participle present)
blastende (participle present)
blasted (participle past)
yblasted (participle past)
blaste (alternative)
blesten (alternative)

English: blast

Scots: blast

Inherited from Old English blǣstan, from Proto-West Germanic *blāstijan, from Proto-Germanic *blēstijaną; equivalent to blast + -en (infinitival suffix).

Toke his blake trumpe faste / And gan to puffen and to blaste.

14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The House of Fame:


leyt

English: lait (obsolete)

Inherited from Anglian Old English lēġet (West Saxon līġet, līġetu, līeġet), from Proto-West Germanic *laugiþu.

inh+

lait (alternative)
laite (alternative)
layt (alternative)
layte (alternative)
leit (alternative)
leite (alternative)
leyte (alternative)

⁊ leıtıs ⁊ voıces ⁊ þundꝛıngıs camen out of þe troone. ⁊ ſeuene lau[m]pıs bꝛe[n]nynge bıfoꝛe þe troone.· whıche ben þe ſeuene ſpırıtıs of god

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Apocalips 4:5, page 118v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010

And lightning, sounds, and thunder came out of the throne, and seven lamps were burning in front of the throne, which are the seven spirits of God.

The striking of lightning; an instance of lightning.


strem

stremes (plural)
stræm (alternative)
streem (alternative)
streeme (alternative)
streme (alternative)

English: stream

Scots: stream, strem, streme, streym

Yola: streem

Inherited from Old English strēam, from Proto-West Germanic *straum, from Proto-Germanic *straumaz.

A beam; a jet of light (usually from the sky)


flawme

flawmes (plural)
flambe (alternative)
flame (alternative)
flamme (alternative)
flaumbe (alternative)
flaume (alternative)
flaumme (alternative)
flawmbe (alternative)

English: flame

Scots: flam

Borrowed from Old French flame, from Latin flamma, from Proto-Italic *flagmā. Some forms influenced by Old French flambe, flamble, from Latin flammula.

Fire (in the abstract or an instantiation)


flawmen

flawmen (infinitive)
to flawmen (infinitive)
flawme (infinitive)
flawme (first-person present singular)
flawmed (first-person past singular)
flawmest (present second-person singular)
flawmedest (past second-person singular)
flawmeth (present singular third-person)
flawmed (past singular third-person)
flawme (present singular subjunctive)
flawmed (past singular subjunctive)
flawme (imperative present singular)
flawmen (plural present)
flawme (plural present)
flawmeden (past plural)
flawmede (past plural)
flawmeth (imperative plural present)
flawme (imperative plural present)
flawmynge (participle present)
flawmende (participle present)
flawmed (participle past)
yflawmed (participle past)
flaumen (alternative)
fflaumen (alternative)
flammen (alternative)
flawme (alternative)
flaume (alternative)
flambe (alternative)
flaumbe (alternative)
flame (alternative)

English: flame

Scots: flam

Borrowed from Old French flamber, flammer; equivalent to flawme + -en (infinitival suffix).

To produce or release flames; to flame or be alight.

To produce or release bright light; to glimmer or sheen.

To stoke or incite feelings or beliefs; to motivate.

(rare) To emit, release, or produce sparkling or embers.

(rare, theology) To release light or brightness onto someone.


flawmy

English: flamy


sevenyght

English: sevennight, sennight

seven niȝt (alternative)
seven-nyȝt (alternative)
sevyn-night (alternative)
sevenyst (alternative)
sevenist (alternative)
senyght (alternative)
sennyȝte (alternative)
seven-nyght (alternative)
sevenight (alternative)
sevenyghte (alternative)
seven nyght (alternative)
sefennnahht (alternative)
seoven niht (alternative)


wyspe

wyspes (plural)
wyspe (plural)
wips (alternative)
wisp (alternative)
wysp (alternative)
wispe (alternative)
wippis (alternative)
wesp (alternative)

English: wisp

Scots: wisp, wusp

Perhaps related to whisk (“bunch of twigs, hair”). Cognate to Dutch wisp, dialectal Danish visp, Swedish visp, Norwegian Bokmål visp, etc.

A package, stick or pile of straw, a wisp:

(rare) Such a bundle lighted afire and used as a light source.


dosk

English: dusk

Scots: dosk (obsolete)

From Old English dox, *dux, *deox, from Proto-Germanic *duskaz.

dosc (alternative)
dusk (alternative)
duske (alternative)
deosc (alternative)
deosk (alternative)
desk (alternative)
deske (alternative)

Dusky; not brightly or lightly-coloured.


fewell

English: fuel

Borrowed from Old French feuaille, fouaille.

fewaile (alternative)
fewel (alternative)
fuell (alternative)
fuayle (alternative)
feoile (alternative)
fowell (alternative)
fowayle (alternative)
ffewayle (alternative)
fewaille (alternative)
fuel (alternative)
fewall (alternative)
ffuell (alternative)
fwell (alternative)
fuelle (alternative)


herth

English: hearth

Scots: harth, hairth

Inherited from Old English heorþ, from Proto-West Germanic *herþ.

harthe (alternative)
heorð (alternative)
heorþ (alternative)
herthe (alternative)
hertþ (alternative)
herþ (alternative)

A hearth; a place where a fire is lighted.


coroune

corounes (plural)
croune (alternative)
crowne (alternative)
croun (alternative)
crune (alternative)
corone (alternative)
coroun (alternative)
corowne (alternative)
crown (alternative)
corown (alternative)
corune (alternative)
kroune (alternative)

English: crown (see there for further descendants)

Scots: croun, croon

→ Welsh: coron

From Anglo-Norman coroune, curune, corone, from Latin corōna, from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē).


flaught

English: flaught

Scots: flaucht

From either Old English *fleaht or Old Norse *flahtr (for later fláttr), from Proto-Germanic *flahtuz, from *flahaną (“to flay”).

fflaght (alternative)
fflyght (alternative)
flaght (alternative)
flaghte (alternative)
flaȝt (alternative)
flawght (alternative)


lilie flour

lilie floures (plural)
lili flour (alternative)
lylye flour (alternative)
lylie-flour (alternative)
leli floure (alternative)
lely floure (alternative)
lilye flour (alternative)
lyllie flour (alternative)

English: lily flower


orpyment

English: orpiment

From Old French orpiment, from Latin auripigmentum.

orpiment (alternative)
orpement (alternative)
orpment (alternative)
orpemynt (alternative)

orpiment (as used in alchemy and medicine)


jacynct

English: jacinth

Scots: jacinct (obsolete)

Borrowed from Old French jacinte, from Medieval Latin jacintus, jacinthus, from Latin hyacinthus, from Ancient Greek ὑάκινθος (huákinthos).

jacinct (alternative)
jacinctus (alternative)
jacinkte (alternative)
jacint (alternative)
jacyncte (alternative)
jacyngh (alternative)
jacynt (alternative)
jasynkt (alternative)

⁊ ſo Y ſai hoꝛſis in viſioun /⁊ þei þat ſaten on hem .· hadden firy haburiouns ⁊ of iacynct /⁊ of bꝛymſtoon /⁊ þe heedis of þe horſis weren as heedis of liouns .· /⁊ fier /⁊ ſmoke /⁊ bꝛymſtoon comeþ foꝛþ of þe mouþ of hem

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Apocalips 9:17, page 120r, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010

And so I saw horses in a vision, and those who sat on them had habergeons of fire, of sapphire, and of sulphur. The horses' heads were like lions' heads; fire, smoke, and sulphur came out of their mouths.


fyr-brand

fyr-brandes (plural)
ferbrond (alternative)
firbrond (alternative)
fuyrbrond (alternative)
fyrbrond (alternative)
fyrebrand (alternative)
fir brond (alternative)
fire brand (alternative)
fire bronde (alternative)
fur brond (alternative)
fyr brond (alternative)
feer-brond (alternative)
fire-brand (alternative)

English: firebrand


sparkel

sparkles (plural)
sparcle (alternative)
sparkle (alternative)
sparkull (alternative)
sparkyl (alternative)
sparkyll (alternative)
spercle (alternative)
sperkel (alternative)
sperkull (alternative)
sperkyl (alternative)
sperkyll (alternative)

English: sparkle


sparklen

sparklen (infinitive)
to sparklen (infinitive)
sparkle (infinitive)
sparkle (first-person present singular)
sparkled (first-person past singular)
sparklest (present second-person singular)
sparkledest (past second-person singular)
sparkleth (present singular third-person)
sparkled (past singular third-person)
sparkle (present singular subjunctive)
sparkled (past singular subjunctive)
sparkle (imperative present singular)
sparklen (plural present)
sparkle (plural present)
sparkleden (past plural)
sparklede (past plural)
sparkleth (imperative plural present)
sparkle (imperative plural present)
sparklynge (participle present)
sparklende (participle present)
sparkled (participle past)
sparclen (alternative)
sparklyn (alternative)
sparkyllyn (alternative)
sperclen (alternative)

English: sparkle

From sparkel + -en (infinitival suffix).


aundire

aundires (plural)
andirne (alternative)
aundern (alternative)
aunderun (alternative)
aundhern (alternative)
aundhirn (alternative)
aundiren (alternative)
aundiron (alternative)
aundyre (alternative)
aundyren (alternative)
aundyrn (alternative)
aundyryn (alternative)
awnderne (alternative)
awndyryn (alternative)
handyryn (alternative)
haundirrin (alternative)

English: andiron

Borrowed from Old French andier, from Gaulish anderon (“heifer”); some forms are influenced by iren (“iron”).


nyghtly

English: nightly

Scots: nichtly

From Old English nihtlīċ. Equivalent to nyght + -ly (adjectival suffix); the adverb is from the adjective.

neghtly (alternative)
nihtlic (alternative)
nihtlich (alternative)
nyȝtly (alternative)


fyry

q

obsolete <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">firy</i>

English: fiery (obsolete firy)

Scots: firy

fery (alternative)
firi (alternative)
firy (alternative)
firye (alternative)
furi (alternative)
fury (alternative)
fuyri (alternative)
fuyrie (alternative)
fyri (alternative)
vuyry (alternative)


therk

English: thark (dialectal, obsolete)

therke (alternative)
thirke (alternative)
thyrke (alternative)
þerk (alternative)
þerke (alternative)

and he aȝen wiþ ſtrong bataile / ſo betwene hem leſte þat fiȝt / Til it waſ þe þerke niȝt

c. 1300, Sir Beues of Hamtoun (Auchinleck Manuscript), folio 190, verso, column 2, lines 2612–2615:

Then he [went] again with a strong force; / the fight between them lasted / until the night grew dark.


mecche

English: match (see there for further descendants)

Scots: match

Borrowed from Old French mesche, from Vulgar Latin micca, probably from Latin myxa, itself from Ancient Greek μύξα (múxa).

macche (alternative)
mache (alternative)
matche (alternative)
meche (alternative)


sonnebeem

sonnebemes (plural)
son beem (alternative)
son bem (alternative)
son beme (alternative)
sone-beme (alternative)
sonnebeame (alternative)
sonne-beem (alternative)
sonne beem (alternative)
sonne beeme (alternative)
sonne-bem (alternative)
sonne bem (alternative)
sonnebeme (alternative)
sonne beme (alternative)
sune-beme (alternative)
sunne beem (alternative)
sunnebem (alternative)
sunne bem (alternative)
sunne beme (alternative)
sunne biem (alternative)
zonne byam (alternative)
sunnebæm (alternative)

English: sunbeam

Scots: sunbeam

Inherited from Old English sunnebēam, sunnbēam; equivalent to and often remodelled on sonne + beem.


bemen

bemen (infinitive)
to bemen (infinitive)
beme (infinitive)
beme (first-person present singular)
bemed (first-person past singular)
bemest (present second-person singular)
bemedest (past second-person singular)
bemeth (present singular third-person)
bemed (past singular third-person)
beme (present singular subjunctive)
bemed (past singular subjunctive)
beme (imperative present singular)
bemen (plural present)
beme (plural present)
bemeden (past plural)
bemede (past plural)
bemeth (imperative plural present)
beme (imperative plural present)
bemynge (participle present)
bemende (participle present)
bemed (participle past)
ybemed (participle past)

>? English: beam

(Late Middle English, rare) To illuminate; to make bright.


spryngen

enm-verb

spryngen (third-person singular simple present spryngeth, present participle spryngynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative sprang, past participle sprongen)

spryngeth (present singular third-person)
spryngynge (participle present)
sprang (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
sprongen (participle past)
spryngen (infinitive)
to spryngen (infinitive)
sprynge (infinitive)
sprynge (first-person present singular)
sprang (first-person past singular)
spryngest (present second-person singular)
sprange (past second-person singular)
sprang (past second-person singular)
spryngeth (present singular third-person)
sprang (past singular third-person)
sprynge (present singular subjunctive)
sprange (past singular subjunctive)
sprynge (imperative present singular)
spryngen (plural present)
sprynge (plural present)
sprangen (past plural)
sprange (past plural)
spryngeth (imperative plural present)
sprynge (imperative plural present)
spryngynge (participle present)
spryngende (participle present)
sprongen (participle past)
spronge (participle past)
ysprongen (participle past)
yspronge (participle past)
spring (alternative)
springe (alternative)
springen (alternative)
springgen (alternative)
springuen (alternative)
sprinke (alternative)
spryng (alternative)
sprynge (alternative)
spryngge (alternative)
sprynggyn (alternative)
sprynghe (alternative)
sprinken (alternative)

English: spring; sprink

Scots: spring

Inherited from Old English springan, from Proto-West Germanic *springan, from Proto-Germanic *springaną; equivalent to spryng + -en (infinitival suffix). Compare sprengen.

To issue or gush (water from a water source)

(of plants) To grow, sprout, or bear fruit or flowers.

To move with great speed or energy; to dash:


hevenely

English: heavenly

Scots: heivenly

Inherited from Old English heofonlīċ; equivalent to hevene + -ly (adjectival suffix). The adverb is from the adjective; compare Old English heofonlīċe.

hefenlyche (alternative)
hefly (alternative)
hefnely (alternative)
heovelich (alternative)
hevelich (alternative)
hevenelich (alternative)
hevenelych (alternative)
hevenelyche (alternative)
hevenli (alternative)
hevenlich (alternative)
hevenliche (alternative)
hevenly (alternative)
hevenlyche (alternative)
hevinly (alternative)
hevynly (alternative)
hefennlike (alternative)
heovenlich (alternative)
hovenlich (alternative)

(specifically) Sky-coloured; clear blue, azure.


atenden

atenden (third-person singular simple present atendeth, present participle atendende, atendynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle atended)

atendeth (present singular third-person)
atendende (participle present)
atendynge (participle present)
atended (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
atend (alternative)
attend (alternative)

PIE word
 *úd
From Old English ātendan (“to set on fire, kindle, inflame; to perplex; to trouble”), a variant of earlier ontendan (“to set on fire, set fire to, kindle, inflame; to perplex; to trouble”), from ā- (prefix meaning ‘away; from; off; out’), on- (prefix meaning ‘at; on’) + tendan (“to kindle”) (from Proto-Germanic *tandijaną (“to light on fire, kindle”), the causative form of *tinnaną (“to burn”); ultimate etymology uncertain, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂w- (“to burn; to kindle”)).


reynbowe

English: rainbow

Scots: rainbow

From Old English reġnboga, from Proto-West Germanic *regnabogō, from Proto-Germanic *regnabugô; equivalent to reyn (“rain”) + bowe (“bow”).

raynbowe (alternative)
raynebowe (alternative)
rayne-bowe (alternative)
reinbow (alternative)
reinbowe (alternative)
rein-bowe (alternative)
reynebawe (alternative)
reynebow (alternative)
reynebowe (alternative)
rainbou (alternative)
rainbow (alternative)
rayn-boghe (alternative)

rainbow (multicoloured arch created by the reflection of rain)


wyndowe

wyndowes (plural)
wendow (alternative)
windowe (alternative)
wondowe (alternative)
wyndewe (alternative)
wyndoe (alternative)
wyndou (alternative)
wyndouwe (alternative)
wyndow (alternative)
windoun (alternative)
windown (alternative)
wyndounne (alternative)
wyndown (alternative)
wyndowne (alternative)
windoge (alternative)
windohe (alternative)

desc

English: window (dialectal windon, obsolete windore)

Scots: winda, windae, wunda, wundae; winnock, wunnock

Borrowed from Old Norse vindauga, from vind (“wind”) + auga (“eye”); compare wynd (“wind”).
East Anglian forms with /n/ may originate from a weak plural *wyndowen.