square

squares (plural)
sqware (alternative)
squyre (alternative)
squyer (alternative)
sqyre (alternative)
squar (alternative)
sware (alternative)

English: square

Scots: square

From Old French esquarre, esquerre (modern French équerre), from Vulgar Latin *exquadra, from Latin ex- + quadro, from quadrus.

A square (tool used to ensure a right angle)


tak

takes (plural)
takke (alternative)
take (alternative)
tace (alternative)

English: tack

Scots: taik

From Old Northern French taque, ultimately of Germanic origin, probably from Frankish *takkō, from Proto-Germanic *takkô (“spike, thorn, prickle”).

der

(nautical) tack (a rope used to hold the foremost corner of the sail in place)


ore

ores (plural)
hore (alternative)
oore (alternative)
are (alternative Northern)
aurre (alternative Northern)

English: oar

Scots: air

From the oblique forms of Old English ār (“oar”), from Proto-West Germanic *airu, from Proto-Germanic *airō.


ore

From the oblique forms of Old English ār (“honour”), from Proto-West Germanic *aiʀu, from Proto-Germanic *aizō.

oore (alternative)
or (alternative)
ȝore (alternative)
aore (alternative Early-Middle-English)
are (alternative Early-Middle-English)
ære (alternative Early-Middle-English)
ar (alternative Northern)
are (alternative Northern)

grace, favour (positivity towards someone)::

permission, approval (to engage in a behaviour)

mercy, clemency (remission of punishment)


instrumental

English: instrumental

From Medieval Latin instrumentalis; equivalent to instrument + -al.

instrumentale (alternative)
instrumentall (alternative)

Resembling an instrument in use (i.e. being used as a tool)


spade

English: spade

Scots: spade, spaid

Yola: spaade


tool

toles (plural)
tolen (plural)
tole (alternative)
tol (alternative)
toole (alternative)

English: tool

Scots: tuil

From Old English tōl, from Proto-Germanic *tōlą.


ax

axes (plural)
axe (alternative)
ex (alternative)
exe (alternative)
æxæ (alternative)
æxe (alternative)

English: axe, ax

Scots: aix

From Old English æx, æcs, from Proto-West Germanic *akusi.


hamer

hamers (plural)
hambyr (alternative)
hamber (alternative)
hammer (alternative)
hammyr (alternative)
hamur (alternative)
hamowre (alternative)
hambir (alternative)
hamyr (alternative)
hamere (alternative)
homer (alternative West-Midlands)

English: hammer

Fiji Hindi: haamaa

desc

Scots: hamer, hammer, hemer, hemmer, haimmer

From Old English hamor, from Proto-West Germanic *hamar, from Proto-Germanic *hamaraz; from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱmoros.

A hammer (tool for pressing nails inwards).


instrument

instrumentes (plural)
enstrement (alternative)
instreument (alternative)
jnstrument (alternative)
ynstrument (alternative)

English: instrument

Borrowed from Old French instrument, from Latin instrūmentum (“tool, device”).

A device used to produce music; a musical instrument.


sax

saxes (plural)
sexe (alternative)
sex (alternative)
sæx (alternative)
seax (alternative)

English: sax; zax

Scots: saks; sax (verb) (through confluence with Norse form)

From Old English seax, from Proto-West Germanic *sahs, from Proto-Germanic *sahsą.


dint

dintes (plural)
dinten (plural)
dent (alternative)
dente (alternative)
dinnt (alternative)
dont (alternative)
dount (alternative)
dunt (alternative)
dynt (alternative)
dynte (alternative)

English: dent, dint, dunt

Scots: dunt, dont, dynt, dint, dent

From Old English dynt, from Proto-West Germanic *dunti, from Proto-Germanic *duntiz.

Forþy I ſay þe, as ſoþe as ȝe in ſadel ſitte, / Com ȝe þere, ȝe be kylled, may þe knyȝt rede, / Trawe ȝe me þat trwely, þaȝ ȝe had twenty lyues / to ſpende. / He hatz wonyd here ful ȝore / On bent much baret bende / Aȝayn his dyntez ſore / Ȝe may not yow defende

a. 1375, Gawain Poet, Sir Gawayn and þe Grene Knyȝt, page 118r, lines 2110–2117:

So I say to you, as sure as you sit in your saddle: / If you come there, you'll be killed if he wills, / trust me about that truly, like you had twenty lives / to spend. / He has lived here a long time; / when he pulls his bow, much conflict begins. / Against his powerful blows, / you won't be able to defend yourself.

The landing of a weapon; a blow or stroke.

(by extension) Warfare, battle; the use of weaponry.

The strike, landing or force of a tool or other item hitting something.

The striking or noise of thunder; a thunderclap.

(rare) A strike with one's limbs or body.

(rare) An injury resulting from a weapon's impact.


potent

English: potent

(chiefly Late Middle English) staff, crutch


gode

godes (plural)
goode (alternative)
goude (alternative)
gwode (alternative)

English: goad

Scots: gad, gade, gaid

From the inflected forms of Old English gād, from Proto-West Germanic *gaidu, from Proto-Germanic *gaidō.


hache

Borrowed from Old French hache, from Frankish *happjā, from Proto-Germanic *hapjǭ.


helve

English: helve

Scots: helf

From Old English hielfe, from Proto-West Germanic *halbī.

hylve (alternative)
helfe (alternative)
hilve (alternative)
halve (alternative)
alffe (alternative)
hellfe (alternative)


baston

bastons (plural)
bastun (alternative)
bastune (alternative)

English: baston

Scots: baston

A staff, or baton; a relatively long, narrow, and thin object.

Commuting or ending of one's imprisonment by a warden.

A line or group of lines in a poetic composition.


stere

steres (plural)
steer (alternative)
steere (alternative)
steor (alternative)
ster (alternative)
stiere (alternative)

English: steer

Scots: steer

From the oblique ō-stem forms of Old English stēor (“rudder, control”), from Proto-West Germanic *stiurī, from Proto-Germanic *stiuriją.


brom

bromes (plural)
brome (alternative)
broom (alternative)
broome (alternative)
brume (alternative Northern)

English: broom

Scots: brume, bruim

Inherited from Old English brōm, from Proto-West Germanic *brām, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrem-.


compas

compasses (plural)
compace (alternative)
compase (alternative)
compass (alternative)
compasse (alternative)
cumpas (alternative)
cumpasse (alternative)

English: compass

Borrowed from Old French compas, from Medieval Latin compassus.


crucche

crucches (plural)
croch (alternative)
croche (alternative)
crouch (alternative)
cruche (alternative)

English: crutch

Scots: crutch

From Old English cryċċ (“crutch, staff”), from Proto-West Germanic *krukkju, from Proto-Germanic *krukjō (“crutch, staff”), from Proto-Indo-European *grewg- (“wrinkle, bend”), from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to turn, bend”).
The final vowel is generalised from the Old English oblique cases.

der

c. 1215 Layamon's Brut, l.9722

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

he wænde mid his crucche; us a-dun þrucche.

he caste awei his crucche


stithy

stithies (plural)
stedy (alternative)
stethi (alternative)
stethie (alternative)
stethy (alternative)
steþi (alternative)
stidie (alternative)
stidy (alternative)
stithi (alternative)
stithie (alternative)
stithþi (alternative)
stiþie (alternative)
studee (alternative)
stythie (alternative)
stythy (alternative)

English: stithy

Scots: studdy, stiddy

Either borrowed from Old Norse steðja, oblique singular of steði, or a remodelling of stith on the analogy of smythy. Doublet of stith.


hameren

hameren (infinitive)
to hameren (infinitive)
hamere (infinitive)
hamere (first-person present singular)
hamered (first-person past singular)
hamerest (present second-person singular)
hameredest (past second-person singular)
hamereth (present singular third-person)
hamered (past singular third-person)
hamere (present singular subjunctive)
hamered (past singular subjunctive)
hamere (imperative present singular)
hameren (plural present)
hamere (plural present)
hamereden (past plural)
hamerede (past plural)
hamereth (imperative plural present)
hamere (imperative plural present)
hamerynge (participle present)
hamerende (participle present)
hamered (participle past)
yhamered (participle past)
hamowre (alternative)
homeren (alternative)

English: hammer

Scots: haimmer

(rare) To hammer (swing a hammer; nail something)


forke

forkes (plural)
forken (plural)
fork (alternative)
furke (alternative)
forch (alternative)
fourch (alternative)

English: fork (see there for further descendants)

Scots: fork

Yola: vork

From Old English force, from Proto-West Germanic *furkō, from Latin furca; also influenced by Anglo-Norman forque and Old French forche, both from the same Latin word.

A fork or graip (implement used for digging).


lome

lomes (plural)
lomen (plural)
loome (alternative)
leome (alternative)
lume (alternative)
lombe (alternative)

English: loom

Scots: luim

From Old English lōma, of unknown origin.

A loom; a frame used for weaving or other weaving implement.


tonge

tonges (plural)
tongen (plural)
tang (alternative)
tange (alternative)
tongge (alternative)
toonge (alternative)
tounge (alternative)

English: tong (tongs); tang

Scots: tang, taing

From Old English tang, tange, from Proto-West Germanic *tangu, from Proto-Germanic *tangō. Reinforced by Old Norse tangi.

A pair of tongs:
(surgery) A forceps (surgical tongs)

A pair of tongs:
A forceps (surgical tongs)

A pair of tongs:
A device for extinguishing candles.


schere

scheres (plural)
chere (alternative)
sheer (alternative)
shere (alternative)
shyre (alternative)

English: shear

Scots: shear

Yola: sheare

Inherited from Old English scēar; compare scheren. The final vowel is generalised from the Old English inflected forms.

(often in the plural) shears (a pair of linked blades)


hakke

hakkes (plural)
hacke (alternative)
hak (alternative)

English: hack

Scots: hack, haik


egge

egges (plural)
ege (alternative)
eghge (alternative)

English: edge

Scots: edge

Inherited from Old English eċġ, with final vowel levelled in from the oblique cases.

An edge of a blade or instrument; the sharp or effective side of something.

A bladed weapon; a knife, sword, or similar weapon.

The edge or rim of an object, plot of land, or physical feature; the exterior border of something.

The side of a troop or military formation.


schakel

schakeles (plural)
schakil (alternative)
schakkyl (alternative)
schakle (alternative)
schakyll (alternative)
shakel (alternative)
shakill (alternative)
shakyl (alternative)
shakyll (alternative)
shekyl (alternative)

English: shackle

→ Danish: sjækkel

→ Norwegian: sjakkel

→ Swedish: schackel

→ Marshallese: jakōļ

desc

Middle Scots: schaikill, schakill, schekill

Scots: shakle, shackle, sheckle

Inherited from Old English sċacul, sċecel, from Proto-West Germanic *skakul, *skakil, from Proto-Germanic *skakulaz, *skakilaz; equivalent to schaken (“to shake”) + -el (agentive suffix).

af

A shackle or fetter (restraint for limbs)


gravere

graveres (plural)
grafer (alternative)
grafere (alternative)
graver (alternative)
gravour (alternative)
gravoure (alternative)
gravowr (alternative)
grawowre (alternative)

English: graver

From Old English grafere, græfere; equivalent to graven + -ere (suffix forming agent nouns).


schaft

schaftes (plural)
scæft (alternative)
scaft (alternative)
shaft (alternative)
sschaft (alternative)
scheft (alternative)
sheft (alternative)
shafft (alternative)
schafft (alternative)
chafte (alternative)
saft (alternative)
shaffet (alternative)
schafte (alternative)
shafte (alternative)

English: shaft

Scots: schaft, shaft

Inherited from Old English sċeaft (“shaft”), from Proto-West Germanic *skaft, from Proto-Germanic *skaftaz.

inh+

The handle or pole of a bladed tool or implement.


schave

schaves (plural)
schafe (alternative)
shave (alternative)

English: shave

From Old English sceafa, from Proto-Germanic *skabô.

A tool used for filing, shaving, or abrasion.


pyke

pykes (plural)
pike (alternative)
pik (alternative)
pyk (alternative)
pikke (alternative)
pykke (alternative)
peke (alternative)

English: pike, peak; pick (in part)

Scots: pike, pick

Yola: pick

From Old English pīc, from Proto-West Germanic *pīk, from Proto-Germanic *pīkaz.

A number of other tools noted for their pointiness.


pestel

pestelles (plural)
pestell (alternative)
pistel (alternative)
pestelle (alternative)
pestylle (alternative)
pestill (alternative)
pestyl (alternative)

English: pestle

Borrowed from Old French pestel, from Latin pistillum.

A pestle (tool for crushing or pounding)


nauger

naugers (plural)
augeer (alternative)
augere (alternative)
augire (alternative)
augour (alternative)
augur (alternative)
awgar (alternative)
awger (alternative)
navegar (alternative)
navegore (alternative)
naugar (alternative)
nawger (alternative)

English: auger

From Old English nafugār, from Proto-West Germanic *nabugaiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *nabōgaizaz; equivalent to nave (“hub of a wheel”) + gor (“spear”).
Cognate with Old Saxon navugēr, Old High German nabagēr, Old Norse nafarr. Forms without initial n- are due to reanalysis of a nauger as an auger.

University of Michigan
w:University of Michigan


stith

stithe (plural)
stithe (singular weak)
stið (alternative)
stithe (alternative)
stiþ (alternative)
styth (alternative)
stythe (alternative)
styþ (alternative)

English: stith (dialectal)

Scots: styth

Inherited from Old English stīþ, from Proto-West Germanic *stinþ, from Proto-Germanic *stinþaz.

Mighty, flourishing, profuse; indicative of wealth.

Severe, intense, powerful; having intensity.

Merciless, unforgiving; showing no quarter.


stith

stithes (plural)
steyth (alternative)
stiþ (alternative)
styth (alternative)
stythe (alternative)

English: stith (obsolete)

Borrowed from Old Norse steði, *steð; the vocalism in /i/ may be due to influence from smyth and smythy. Doublet of stithy.


mylne

mylnes (plural)
mele (alternative)
melle (alternative)
mille (alternative)
miln (alternative)
milne (alternative)
myle (alternative)
mylene (alternative)
mylle (alternative)
myln (alternative)
molle (alternative Southern)
mule (alternative Southern)
mulle (alternative Southern)
mulne (alternative Southern)

desctree

English: mill
Sranan Tongo: miri
→ Hindi: मिल (mil)

Scots: mill, mull

Yola: mile

From Old English mylen, from Proto-West Germanic *mulīnu.

A mill; a grinding apparatus or a building housing one:

(rare) A fulling mill (device for fulling)


slegge

English: sledge

Scots: sleg

Inherited from Old English sleċġ, from Proto-Germanic *slagjǭ. The final vowel is generalised from the Old English inflected forms.


hachet

English: hatchet

Yola: hatcheat

Borrowed from Old French hachete; equivalent to hache (“war-axe”) + -et.

acchett (alternative)
hachat (alternative)
hachett (alternative)
hachette (alternative)
hachytt (alternative)


querne

quernes (plural)
quern (alternative)
queerne (alternative)
quyerne (alternative)
quyrne (alternative)
qwerne (alternative)
cwerne (alternative Early-Middle-English)
qwhern (alternative Northern)
qweryn (alternative Northern)
whern (alternative Northern)

English: quern, kern, curn, quirn

Scots: querne, quern, queirn, queern

Yola: querne

From Old English cweorn, from Proto-West Germanic *kwernu, from Proto-Germanic *kwernō, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”). The final vowel is generalised from the Old English oblique forms.

inh

A quern or quirn; a device for grinding grains.


keye

keyes (plural)
keyen (plural)
kai (alternative)
kay (alternative)
kaye (alternative)
keie (alternative)
keiȝe (alternative)
key (alternative)
keyȝe (alternative)
kye (alternative)
cæȝe (alternative)
kæie (alternative)

English: key

Scots: key, kee, kye

From Old English cǣġ, from Proto-West Germanic *kaiju; the final vowel is from the Old English oblique cases.


flynt ston

flynt stones (plural)
fflyntstone (alternative)
flynston (alternative)
flynt-stane (alternative)
flyntstone (alternative)
flynt stoone (alternative)

English: flintstone

Scots: flynt-stane

Any of a group of (mostly igneous) solid stones.

A flintstone; a piece of flint used as a firestarter.


flynt

flyntes (plural)
flent (alternative)
flint (alternative)
flinte (alternative)
flynte (alternative)
vlint (alternative)

English: flint

Scots: flint

→ Welsh: fflint

From Old English flint, from Proto-Germanic *flintaz.

Any of a group of (mostly igneous) solid stones, especially flint.


knyf

knyves (plural)
knyfes (plural)
knijf (alternative)
cnif (alternative)
knife (alternative)
knif (alternative)
knyffe (alternative)
knyȝf (alternative)
cnyffe (alternative)
knyve (alternative)
knyv (alternative)
chnief (alternative)
knefe (alternative)
knyfe (alternative)

English: knife

Sranan Tongo: nefi

Korean: 나이프 (naipeu)

Portuguese: naifa

Samoan: naifi

Japanese: ナイフ

Scots: knyfe, knife

Yola: kunnife

French: canif

From Old English cnīf, from Old Norse knífr, from Proto-Germanic *knībaz.

A knife as a tool or instrument; the following special senses exist:


penne knyfe

English: penknife

From penne + knyf; as these were commonly used for cutting the nib of a quill.

penknife (alternative)
pen knyfe (alternative)
penneknyf (alternative)
penknyfe (alternative)


pichfork

pikforkes (plural)
pykforke (alternative)
pyke forke (alternative)
pichforke (alternative)
pykefork (alternative)
pytche forke (alternative)
pycchefork (alternative)
pychforke (alternative)
pikeforke (alternative)
pikkforke (alternative)
pic-forcke (alternative)

English: pitchfork

From picchen (for which see pitch) + forke.

A pitchfork (implement used for lifting).


barwe

barwes (plural)
barewe (alternative)
barow (alternative)
barowe (alternative)
baruwe (alternative)
berwe (alternative)

English: barrow

→ Zulu: ibhala

Scots: barrae, barrow, barow

Inherited from Old English bearwa, from Proto-West Germanic *barwijā, from Proto-Germanic *barwijǭ.


harneys

harneys (plural)
harnas (alternative)
harnais (alternative)
harneis (alternative)
harnesse (alternative)
harneyse (alternative)
harnes (alternative)
harnysse (alternative)
hernays (alternative)
herneis (alternative)
herneys (alternative)

English: harness

Scots: harnish, herness

→ Middle Welsh: harnais

Welsh: harnais

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman harneis, from Old Norse *hernest. See Old French hernois.

Gear, tools, implements:
Weaponry; implements for fighting.

Gear, tools, implements:
A full set or suit of armour.

Gear, tools, implements:
Horse tack, especially for a warhorse.


scho

schos (plural)
schon (plural)
schoo (alternative)
schowe (alternative)
sco (alternative)
sho (alternative)
shogh (alternative)
shoo (alternative)
shouȝ (alternative)
sso (alternative)

English: shoe

Scots: shae

Yola: shoone (plural)

Inherited from Old English sċōh, from Proto-West Germanic *skōh, from Proto-Germanic *skōhaz. Forms without /x/ are from the Old English oblique stem sċō-.

A horseshoe or similar device for other animals.

A piece of metal fortifying the edge of a wooden spade.


chyrne

English: churn, kern

Scots: kirn, kern, kurn, curn

Inherited from Old English ċiern, from Proto-West Germanic *kirnijā, Proto-Germanic *kirnijǭ, extension of *kernǭ. Forms with /k/ are from or influenced by the related Old Norse kirna.

cherine (alternative)
cherne (alternative)
cheyrne (alternative)
chirne (alternative)
kirne (alternative)
kyrn (alternative)
kyrne (alternative)


egge tool

egge toole (alternative)
egge tole (alternative)
eg-tool (alternative)
eggetol (alternative)
egge tol (alternative)

A tool with a sharp edge; an edged tool.


hakkere

hakkeres (plural)
hackere (alternative)
hakker (alternative)

English: hacker

From hakken + -ere (suffix forming agent nouns).

af

(rare) A lopper; a tool for cutting wood.


nayl

nayles (plural)
nail (alternative)
nayle (alternative)
nayll (alternative)
neil (alternative)
neyl (alternative)
naylle (alternative)
næȝl (alternative Early-Middle-English)
næil (alternative Early-Middle-English)

English: nail

Scots: nail, nale

Yola: niel

Inherited from Old English næġl, from Proto-West Germanic *nagl, from Proto-Germanic *naglaz.

Thou schalt brynge hir in to thin hows; which womman schal schaue the heer, and schal kitte the nailes aboute...

a. 1382, John Wycliffe, “Deuteronomy 21:12”, in Wycliffe's Bible:

You should bring her into your house; that woman should shave her hair and cut her nails...

(figurative) An annoyance; a bothersome predicament.

A nail (metal fastening pin):
An annoyance; a bothersome predicament.

(figurative) A decisive point in a debate or disagreement.

The nayl ydryven in the shode anyght; / The colde deeth, with mouth gapyng upright...

a. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Knight's Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, lines 2007–2008:

The nail driven in the head's crown at night; / The cold death, with mouth gaping upright...

An equivalent to a human nail in animals (e.g. a claw)

(rare) An eye disease (of humans or animals).


croudewayn

croudewayns (plural)
croudwayn (alternative)
croude-wain (alternative)
crudweyn (alternative)


schovel

shovelys (plural)
shovele (alternative)
showell (alternative)
shoule (alternative)
shole (alternative)
shovill (alternative)
sovyll (alternative)
schoffle (alternative)
shevell (alternative)

English: shovel (dialectal shoul, shool)

→ Fiji Hindi: sabbal

→ Marshallese: jabōļ

Scots: shuffle, schule, shule, shuil

Yola: shule

Inherited from Old English sċofl, *sċufl, from Proto-Germanic *skuflō. Akin to schoven.

A shovel or spade; a scooped tool with a handle.


governail

governails (plural)
governail (alternative)
governaill (alternative)
governaille (alternative)
governayle (alternative)
governaylle (alternative)
governele (alternative)
governeylle (alternative)

English: governail (archaic)

Middle Scots: governall

Borrowed from Middle French governail, from Old French governail, governaille, from Latin gubernāculum.

Guardianship or oversight; one's role as a caretaker or guardian.

The duration an office is held for; reign, tenure.

(rare) Destiny; a preordained result or fate.

A rudder or oar (paddle for steering a vessel)

(rare, medicine) A restorative course of action.

(rare, figurative) A guardian or overseer; one who directs.


sisours

English: scissors

Scots: scissors, shissors, chizors

→ Middle Welsh: siswrn

Welsh: siswrn

From Old French cisoires, from Vulgar Latin *cīsōria.

cisours (alternative)
sisoures (alternative)
sisurs (alternative)
cysowres (alternative)
cisurs (alternative)
cysours (alternative)
sesurs (alternative)
sesours (alternative)
sesurys (alternative)
sysers (alternative)


harwe

harwes (plural)
harwen (plural)
harewe (alternative)
harou (alternative)
harow (alternative)
harowe (alternative)
harrou (alternative)
harrowe (alternative)
haru (alternative)

English: harrow

Scots: harra

Yola: harroue

Either from an Old English *hearwa or borrowed from Old Norse harfr/herfi.


schethe

schethes (plural)
shethe (alternative)
shetthe (alternative)

English: sheth, sheath

Unknown, but possibly related to or identical to Etymology 1. Compare Old English sċēaþa, Middle Dutch schêde (“nail”).

(rare) sheth (bar connecting the ploughshare to a plough's beam)


fleyl

fleyles (plural)
flaell (alternative)
flayl (alternative)
flayle (alternative)
flayll (alternative)
fleel (alternative)
fleil (alternative)
fleyle (alternative)
fleȝȝl (alternative Ormulum)

desc

dialectal <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">frail</i>

English: flail (dialectal frail)

Scots: flail

Yola: vleal

From Old English *flegel, fligel, from Proto-West Germanic *flagil, probably from Latin flagellum. Possibly a doublet of frayel.

(rare) A rotating bar used to secure a gate.


wynde

English: wind

From Old English *winde; compare wynden (“to wind”).


crouche

crouches (plural)
crouchen (plural)
croche (alternative)
crowch (alternative)
crowche (alternative)
cruche (alternative)

English: crouch (obsolete)

From Old English crūċ, from Latin crucem. Doublet of cross and croys.
The final vowel is generalised from the Old English oblique cases.

sign of the cross
sign of the cross#English

A representation of a cross (e.g. a crucifix, the sign of the cross)


colk

colkes (plural)
coke (alternative)
colke (alternative)

>? English: coke

Possibly from Old English *colc, from Proto-West Germanic *kolk (“hollow, depression”), from Proto-Germanic *kulukaz, *kelukaz, *kelukô, a diminutive of *kelǭ (“throat”).


stirop

stirops (plural)
sterap (alternative)
sterepe (alternative)
sterop (alternative)
steropp (alternative)
stirep (alternative)
stirope (alternative)
stirrop (alternative)
stirryppe (alternative)
storrope (alternative)
sturope (alternative)
styrop (alternative)
styroppe (alternative)

English: stirrup

Scots: stirrup, strip, strup

From Old English stiġrāp, stīrāp; equivalent to stien + rop (“rope”).


mattok

mattokkes (plural)
mattock (alternative)
mattoke (alternative)
mattokke (alternative)

English: mattock

Yola: mattoke

Inherited from Old English mattuc, mattok.


sclise

English: slice

Scots: sclice

Borrowed from Old French esclice, from esclicier.

sclice (alternative)
sclys (alternative)
sclyse (alternative)
sklice (alternative)
sklisce (alternative)
sklyce (alternative)
sklys (alternative)
sklyse (alternative)
slyce (alternative)
slyse (alternative)


anvelt

English: anvil

Inherited from Old English anfealt, anfilte, from Proto-West Germanic *anafalt, *anafaltī; some forms are apparently modified on the analogy of other words, such as feeld (“field”) or felde, past of fellen (“to fell”).

andefeld (alternative)
anefeld (alternative)
anevelte (alternative)
anfeeld (alternative)
anfelde (alternative)
anvyll (alternative)
anvyld (alternative)
anvylt (alternative)
unfelde (alternative)


besme

besmes (plural)
besmen (plural)
beseme (alternative)
besome (alternative)
bisme (alternative)
besm (alternative Late-Middle-English)
besom (alternative Late-Middle-English)
besowme (alternative Late-Middle-English)
besum (alternative Late-Middle-English)
besume (alternative Late-Middle-English)
besumme (alternative Late-Middle-English)
bysme (alternative Late-Middle-English)

English: besom

Scots: besom, bisom

Inherited from Old English besma, from Proto-West Germanic *besmō.


whelbarwe

whelbarwes (plural)
welbargh (alternative)
wel barw (alternative)
whelbergh (alternative)
welebaraw (alternative)
whelebarow (alternative)
whelebarowe (alternative)
wheyle barowe (alternative)
whelebarugh (alternative)
whelberghe (alternative)
whyle-barrou (alternative)
wolberow (alternative)

English: wheelbarrow

desc

Scots: whirlbarrae (with replacement of first element)

From whel (“wheel”) + barwe (“handbarrow”).


trenayl

trenayles (plural)
tre nayl (alternative)

English: treenail, trannel, trenail, trennel, trunnel

with trisyllabic shortening from inflected forms