raven

desctree

Dutch: raaf, (all obsolete) raef, raven, raaven, raeven
Afrikaans: raaf
→ Sranan Tongo: rafru

Limburgish: raof

From Old Dutch ravan, from Proto-West Germanic *hrabn.


winter

Dutch: winter
Afrikaans: winter
Negerhollands: winter
→ Sranan Tongo: wenter

Limburgish: wintjer

From Old Dutch winter, from Proto-Germanic *wintruz.


wage

Dutch: waag

From Old Dutch wāga, from Proto-West Germanic *wāgu.

a certain weight, of which the exact value varied


wolf

wolf (nominative singular)
wolve (nominative plural)
wolf (accusative singular)
wolve (accusative plural)
wolfs (genitive singular)
wolve (genitive plural)
wolve (dative singular)
wolven (dative plural)

Dutch: wolf
Afrikaans: wolf
Jersey Dutch: wâlf
Negerhollands: wuluwuluk
→ Virgin Islands Creole: wuluwuluk (dated)

Limburgish: wólf

From Old Dutch *wulf, from Proto-West Germanic *wulf, from Proto-Germanic *wulfaz, from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos.


beer

Dutch: beer

West Flemish: beir

From Old Dutch *bēr, from Proto-West Germanic *bair.


bone

Dutch: boon
Afrikaans: boon
→ Xhosa: imbotyi (from the diminutive)
Berbice Creole Dutch: bono
Negerhollands: bontśi, boontje, boonschi (from the diminutive)
→ Virgin Islands Creole: bontsi (archaic)
→ Caribbean Javanese: bontyis (from the diminutive plural)
→ Indonesian: buncis (from the diminutive plural)
→ Petjo: bontjies, boontjies
→ Javanese: buncis (from the diminutive plural)
→ Papiamentu: bonchi, boontsje (from the diminutive)
→ Sranan Tongo: bonki (from the diminutive)
→ Caribbean Hindustani: bongki

Limburgish: boean

From Old Dutch *bōna, from Proto-West Germanic *baunu.


die

Dutch: dij

Limburgish: die, diech

From Old Dutch thīo, from Proto-Germanic *þeuhą.


name

Dutch: naam

Limburgish: naam, naom


name

Dutch: name (mostly in compounds)

From Old Dutch *nāma, from Proto-Germanic *nēmō.


last

Dutch: last

( Afrikaans: las

Limburgish: las

From Old Dutch *last, from Proto-Germanic *hlastuz.


been

Dutch: been
Afrikaans: been
Berbice Creole Dutch: been
Jersey Dutch: beîn
Negerhollands: been
→ Lokono: bèna

Limburgish: bein

From Old Dutch bēn, from Proto-West Germanic *bain, from Proto-Germanic *bainą.


silver

Dutch: zilver
Afrikaans: silwer
Negerhollands: silver, zelva, selvu
Skepi Creole Dutch: solfer
→ Caribbean Javanese: silfer
→ Loup A: sinibat, chinebat, chinibat
→ Mahican: sehnpatt, senpett
→ Munsee: shulpul
→ Sranan Tongo: sorfu, solfru, sorfru
→ Saramaccan: sólófu, sóófu
→ Unami: silpël

Limburgish: zèlver

From Old Dutch silver, from Proto-West Germanic *silubr.


worst

Dutch: worst
Afrikaans: wors
→ English: wors
Jersey Dutch: wârst
→ Papiamentu: wòrs
→ Russian: ворса (vorsa)
→ Sranan Tongo: worst

Limburgish: wósj

From Old Dutch *wurst, *worst, from Proto-West Germanic *wursti.


tiger

Dutch: tijger

Limburgish: tieger

Borrowed from Old French tigre, from Latin tigris.


here

Dutch: heer

Afrikaans: heer

Limburgish: hieër

Descepenen van bochouta quedden alle degene die dese lettren sien selen i(n) onsen here.

1249, Schepenbrief van Bochoute, Velzeke, eastern Flanders:

The aldermen of Bochoute address all who will see this letter by our lord.


here

Dutch: heer

From Old Dutch *heri, from Proto-West Germanic *hari, from Proto-Germanic *harjaz, from Proto-Indo-European *kóryos.


nature

Dutch: natuur

Limburgish: netuur, netuuer

Borrowed from Old French nature, from Latin nātūra.


boom

Dutch: boom
Afrikaans: boom
Berbice Creole Dutch: bom
Jersey Dutch: bôm
Negerhollands: bom, boom
→ Virgin Islands Creole: bom (archaic)
Polish: bom, bum
Skepi Creole Dutch: bom, boom
Sranan Tongo: bon
Aukan: bon
→ English: boom
→ Indonesian: bom (“tree, pole”), bum

Limburgish: boum

From Old Dutch bōm, from Proto-West Germanic *baum.


see

sêe (canonical feminine masculine)
sêe (nominative singular)
sêwen (nominative plural)
sêe (accusative singular)
sêwen (accusative plural)
sêwen (genitive singular)
sêwen (genitive plural)
sêe (dative singular)
sêwen (dative singular)
sêwen (dative plural)

Dutch: zee f
Afrikaans: see
Berbice Creole Dutch: sei
Javindo: see
Negerhollands: see
→ Saramaccan: zé
→ Sranan Tongo: se

Limburgish: zieë f

West Flemish: zji m or f, zêe

From Old Dutch sēo, from Proto-Germanic *saiwiz.


storm

Dutch: storm

Limburgish: stórm

From Old Dutch *storm, from Proto-West Germanic *sturm.


case

Dutch: kaas
Afrikaans: kaas
→ Sotho: kase
→ Tswana: kase
Berbice Creole Dutch: kasi
Jersey Dutch: kääs
Negerhollands: kaas, kaes
→ Aukan: kasi
→ Papiamentu: keshi (from the diminutive)
→ Peranakan Indonesian: kas
→ Sranan Tongo: kasi
→ Caribbean Hindustani: kási
→ Saramaccan: kási

Limburgish: kieës, kees

From Old Dutch *kāsi, from late Proto-West Germanic *kāsī, borrowed from Latin cāseus.


rat

Dutch: rad

Limburgish: raad

From Old Dutch *rath, from Proto-Germanic *raþą, from Proto-Indo-European *Hret-.


mine

Dutch: mijn

Limburgish: mien


bal

Dutch: bal
Afrikaans: bal
→ Caribbean Hindustani: bál
→ Caribbean Javanese: bal
→ Indonesian: bal
→ Papiamentu: bala, balchi
→ Saramaccan: balí
→ Sranan Tongo: bal
→ Sundanese: bal

Limburgish: bal

West Flemish: bol

From Old Dutch *bal, from Proto-Germanic *balluz.


begin

Dutch: begin

Limburgish: begin

From Old Dutch *bigin, from Proto-West Germanic [Term?], from the verb *biginnan (“to begin”). Cognate with Old High German bigin, Old Frisian biginn.


arm

arm (nominative singular)
arme (nominative plural)
arm (accusative singular)
arme (accusative plural)
arms (genitive singular)
arme (genitive plural)
arme (dative singular)
armen (dative plural)

Dutch: arm
Afrikaans: arm
Javindo: arrem
Negerhollands: arm, erm

Limburgish: erm

From Old Dutch arm, from Proto-West Germanic *arm, from Proto-Germanic *armaz.


man

Dutch: man

Limburgish: man

Zealandic: man

From Old Dutch man, from Proto-West Germanic *mann, from Proto-Germanic *mann-.


lam

Dutch: lam

Limburgish: lamb

From Old Dutch *lamb, from Proto-Germanic *lambaz.


got

Dutch: god, God

Afrikaans: god, God

Limburgish: gód, Gód

From Old Dutch got, from Proto-West Germanic *god, from Proto-Germanic *gudą.


made

Dutch: made

From Old Dutch *matho, from Proto-Germanic *maþô.


made

Dutch: made

From Old Dutch *māda, from Proto-Germanic *mēdwō.


leet

Dutch: leed

Limburgish: leidj

From Old Dutch *lēth, from Proto-Germanic *laiþą.


sweet

Dutch: zweet

Limburgish: zweit

From Old Dutch *swēt, from Proto-Germanic *swait-.


bat

Dutch: bad

Limburgish: baad

From Old Dutch *bath, from Proto-West Germanic *baþ.


otter

Dutch: otter
Berbice Creole Dutch: otro

Limburgish: ódder

From Old Dutch *ottar, from Proto-West Germanic *otr.


sin

Dutch: zin
Afrikaans: sin
Negerhollands: sin

Limburgish: zin

From Old Dutch sin, from Proto-West Germanic *sinn.


seem

Dutch: zeem

West Flemish: zêem

From Old Dutch sēm, from Proto-Germanic *saimaz.


ewe

Dutch: eeuw
Afrikaans: eeu

Limburgish: ieuw

From Old Dutch ēwa, from Proto-West Germanic *aiw.


meer

Dutch: (obsolete) meer

From Old Dutch *mēri, from Proto-Germanic *mairiją. Compare Middle English mēre and Icelandic landamæri.


hoop

Dutch: hoop

Limburgish: houp

From Old Dutch *hōp, from Proto-West Germanic *haup, from Proto-Germanic *haupaz.


sake

Dutch: zaak

Limburgish: zaak

From Old Dutch *saka, from Proto-West Germanic *saku.


teken

Dutch: teken, teiken (dialectal)
Afrikaans: teken, teiken
Berbice Creole Dutch: tegn
Negerhollands: teken
→ Indonesian: teken

Limburgish: teike

From Old Dutch *tēkan, from Proto-West Germanic *taikn.


calf

Dutch: kalf

Limburgish: kalf

From Old Dutch calf, from Proto-Germanic *kalbaz.


ore

Dutch: oor
Afrikaans: oor
Jersey Dutch: ôr
Negerhollands: oor, hoor, ho

Limburgish: oear

From Old Dutch ōra, from Proto-Germanic *ausô. The original feminine gender was lost during the Middle Dutch period, shifting instead to neuter, but is still visible in the modern Dutch fossilized expression ter ore komen.


mase

Dutch: Maas


note

Dutch: noot
Afrikaans: neut
Jersey Dutch: nœüt, nût
Negerhollands: neet, noot
Skepi Creole Dutch: noot
→ Papiamentu: nechi, neetsje, neetsjie (from the diminutive)
→ Saramaccan: notò

Limburgish: noeat (with unexpected oea)


want

Dutch: want

From Old Dutch *want, from Frankish *wantu.


mare

Dutch: maar, mare

Limburgish: maer

Old Dutch language
Proto-Germanic language

From Old Dutch māri, from Proto-Germanic *mēriją, related to Etymology 1 above.


mare

Dutch: maar

Limburgish: maar

Old Dutch language
Proto-West Germanic language

From Old Dutch *mara, from Proto-West Germanic *marā.


wee

Dutch: wee

Limburgish: wieë

From Old Dutch *wē, from Proto-West Germanic *wai.


huus

huus (nominative singular)
huse (nominative plural)
huus (accusative singular)
huse (accusative plural)
huses (genitive singular)
huse (genitive plural)
huse (dative singular)
husen (dative plural)

Dutch: huis
Afrikaans: huis
Javindo: guis, huis, geis, heis
Jersey Dutch: häus
Negerhollands: hoes, hus, huus
→ Virgin Islands Creole: hus (dated)
Petjo: heis
Skepi Creole Dutch: huis, hoose

Limburgish: hoes

From Old Dutch hūs, Proto-West Germanic *hūs, from Proto-Germanic *hūsą.

court, place where a formal gathering is held


boc

Dutch: bok (see there for further descendants)

Limburgish: bók

West Flemish: buk


steen

Dutch: steen
Afrikaans: steen
→ Sotho: setene
→ Southern Ndebele: isitina
→ Zulu: isitini
Fanagalo: stin
Berbice Creole Dutch: ten
Negerhollands: steen, stin, sten
→ Virgin Islands Creole: sten (dated)
Skepi Creole Dutch: stene, stenna
→ Papiamentu: stenchi (from the diminutive)

Limburgish: stein


appel

Dutch: appel (see there for further descendants)

Limburgish: appel

From Old Dutch appel, from Proto-West Germanic *applu, from Proto-Germanic *aplaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl.


dal

Dutch: dal
Afrikaans: dal

Limburgish: daal

From Old Dutch dal, from Proto-Germanic *dalą.


sonne

Dutch: zon
Afrikaans: son
Berbice Creole Dutch: sono
Jersey Dutch: zon
Negerhollands: son, zon
→ Sranan Tongo: son (see there for further descendants)

Limburgish: zón

West Flemish: zunne

Zealandic: zunne

From Old Dutch sunna, from Proto-West Germanic *sunnā, from Proto-Germanic *sunnǭ.


das

Dutch: das
Afrikaans: das, dassie
→ English: dassie
Jersey Dutch: dās
→ West Frisian: das

Limburgish: dasj

West Flemish: das

From Old Dutch *thas, from Proto-West Germanic *þahs, from Proto-Germanic *þahsuz.


vier

(Flemish, sometimes Brabant) Alternative form of vuur


gras

Dutch: gras
Afrikaans: gras
Berbice Creole Dutch: grasa
Jersey Dutch: x'rās, grās
Negerhollands: graas, gras
→ Sranan Tongo: grasi
→ Saramaccan: gaási

Limburgish: graas

West Flemish: ges, gas

Zealandic: gos

From Old Dutch *gras, from Proto-West Germanic *gras, from Proto-Germanic *grasą, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁- (“to grow”).


pot

Dutch: pot

Limburgish: pót

From Old Dutch pot, from Frankish *pott, from Proto-Germanic *puttaz (“pot”).


ei

desctree

Dutch: ei
Afrikaans: eier
Berbice Creole Dutch: airi
Jersey Dutch: āi
Negerhollands: ee, eiu, eyu, eju

Limburgish: ei

From Old Dutch *ei, from Proto-West Germanic *aij, from Proto-Germanic *ajją, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm.


namen

Dutch: Namen

Namur (a city and county in modern Belgium)


hamer

Dutch: hamer

Limburgish: hamer, hammer

From Old Dutch *hamar, from Proto-Germanic *hamaraz.


mane

Dutch: maan
Afrikaans: maan
Berbice Creole Dutch: manti
Jersey Dutch: mân, môn
Negerhollands: maand, man, maen
→ Aukan: manti

Limburgish: maon

West Flemish: moane

Zealandic: maene, maone

From Old Dutch māno, from Proto-Germanic *mēnô, from Proto-Indo-European *mḗh₁n̥s.


mane

Dutch: maan

⇒ Afrikaans: maanhaar

From Old Dutch *mana, from Proto-West Germanic *manu.


wort

Dutch: woord

Limburgish: waord, waordj


drake

Dutch: draak
Afrikaans: draak

Limburgish: draagk, draogk

West Flemish: droake

From Old Dutch *drako, an early Germanic borrowing of Latin dracō (“dragon”).


harpe

Dutch: harp

From Old Dutch *harpa, from Proto-Germanic *harpǭ.


ser

Garijn, ser Diederecs sone

1301-1350, Van den VII vroeden van binnen Rome. Een dichtwerk der XIVde eeuw (INL)

1414, Hennen van Merchtenen's Cornicke van Brabant (INL)

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Als ijemen sterven plach, hinc men daer teken ser wapen


recht

Dutch: recht
Berbice Creole Dutch: rekti
Jersey Dutch: rääxt
Negerhollands: recht, rek, ret, tret, regt
→ Virgin Islands Creole: tret (dated)
→ Papiamentu: rècht
→ Saramaccan: leti

Limburgish: rèch

From Old Dutch reht, from Proto-West Germanic *reht, a substantive derivation of the adjective.


lust

Dutch: lust
Afrikaans: lus
Negerhollands: lyst

From Old Dutch *lust, from Proto-West Germanic *lustu, from Proto-Germanic *lustuz.


blau

From Old Dutch *blāo, from Proto-West Germanic *blāu, from Proto-Germanic *blēwaz.


bare

Dutch: baar

Afrikaans: baar

From Old Dutch *bāra, from Proto-West Germanic *bāru, from Proto-Germanic *bērō.


vos

Dutch: vos
Afrikaans: vos
Jersey Dutch: vośe
Negerhollands: vos

Limburgish: vósj

From Old Dutch fus, vus, from Proto-West Germanic *fuhs.


oom

Dutch: oom, noom, ome
Afrikaans: oom
Berbice Creole Dutch: om
Negerhollands: noom, nom, noem
→ Virgin Islands Creole: nom, noom (dated)
→ Indonesian: om
→ Papiamentu: mò, òn, òmpi (from the diminutive), mo (Aruba), òm (Aruba), omo (Aruba), oom
→ Sranan Tongo: omu
→ West Frisian: omme, omke

Limburgish: ome

From Old Dutch *ōm, from Proto-West Germanic *auhaim (“maternal uncle”).

inh

uncle, brother of one's parent (originally specifically one's mother)


hout

Dutch: hout

Afrikaans: hout

Limburgish: hówtj


muur

desctree

Dutch: muur
Afrikaans: muur
Negerhollands: muur

Limburgish: moer

West Flemish: meur

From Old Dutch mūr, mūra, from Latin mūrus.


arch

A substantive form of the adjective arch.


neve

Dutch: neef
Afrikaans: neef
→ Papiamentu: neefie (dated)
→ Sranan Tongo: nefo, neifo
→ Dutch: niffo
→ West Frisian: neef

Limburgish: naef

From Old Dutch *nefo, nevo, from Proto-West Germanic *nefō, from Proto-Germanic *nefô, from Proto-Indo-European *népōts.


tale

Dutch: taal

Afrikaans: taal

West Flemish: toale

From Old Dutch *tala, from Proto-West Germanic *talu, from Proto-Germanic *talō.

spoken or written words, that which someone says


spot

Dutch: spot

From Old Dutch *spot, from Proto-Germanic *sputtaz.


vene

Dutch: veen


vrucht

Dutch: vrucht
Afrikaans: vrug
Berbice Creole Dutch: fruktu
Jersey Dutch: vrœxt
Negerhollands: vrucht, vrygt
Petjo: fruh
→ Javanese: fruktu
→ Sranan Tongo: froktu, fruktu (see there for further descendants)

Limburgish: vröch

From Old Dutch fruht, from Latin frūctus.


dier

dier (nominative singular)
diere (nominative plural)
dier (accusative singular)
diere (accusative plural)
diers (genitive singular)
diere (genitive plural)
diere (dative singular)
dieren (dative plural)

Dutch: dier

Limburgish: deer

From Old Dutch dier, from Proto-West Germanic *deuʀ, from Proto-Germanic *deuzą, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewsóm.


nagel

Dutch: nagel
Afrikaans: nael
Berbice Creole Dutch: nanggli
→ Caribbean Hindustani: nakkhun
→ Sranan Tongo: nangra
→ Aukan: nangaa

Limburgish: nagel

From Old Dutch *nagal, from Proto-West Germanic *nagl.


ale

Dutch: aal

Limburgish: aal

from Old Dutch *alo, from Proto-West Germanic *alu.


tee

Dutch: teen (plural reanalysed as singular)

Limburgish: tieën (plural reanalysed as singular)

From Old Dutch *tēa, from Proto-Germanic *taihwǭ.


bier

Dutch: bier (see there for further descendants)

Afrikaans: bier

Limburgish: beer

→ Middle French: biere (see there for further descendants)

From Old Dutch bier, from Proto-West Germanic *beuʀ, from Proto-Germanic *beuzą.


schade

Dutch: schade

Afrikaans: skade

Limburgish: sjaaj

From Old Dutch skatho, from Proto-West Germanic *skaþō.


schade

schāde (canonical feminine masculine neuter)

Dutch: schaduw

From Old Dutch skado, from Proto-West Germanic *skadu.


sever

Dutch: zever

Limburgish: zeiver

From Old Dutch *sēfar, from Proto-West Germanic *saifr.


rime

Dutch: rijm

Through Old French from Medieval Latin rithmus, rhythmus.


aer

Dutch: aar

Afrikaans: aar

From Old Dutch *ār, from Proto-West Germanic *ahaʀ.


aer

Dutch: aar

From Old Dutch *arn, from Proto-Germanic *arô.


engel

Dutch: engel
Afrikaans: engel
Negerhollands: engel
→ Papiamentu: engel

Limburgish: ingel

From Old Dutch engil, from Latin angelus, from Ancient Greek ἄγγελος (ángelos).


regen

Dutch: regen
Afrikaans: reën
Negerhollands: regen, regn, rign, regon
Skepi Creole Dutch: regen, ragin

Limburgish: raenger

West Flemish: rin, rein

From Old Dutch regan, from Proto-West Germanic *regn.


creature

Dutch: creatuur


bene

inflection of bêen:
nominative/accusative/genitive plural


gent

Dutch: Gent

From earlier Ganda; if from Celtic, possibly from Proto-Celtic *kom-dati (“confluence”), from Proto-Indo-European *kom-dʰh₁-ti- (“confluence”), equivalent to *ḱóm + *dʰeh₁- (similar to the town Condivincum); or related to the Celtic goddess Gontia. The name could otherwise be of non-Indo-European origin.


bere

Dutch: beer
Afrikaans: beer
→ Papiamentu: ber, beer

Limburgish: baer

West Flemish: beir

Zealandic: beêr

From Old Dutch *bero, from Proto-West Germanic *berō, from Proto-Germanic *berô.


bere

West Flemish: beier

From Old Dutch *beri, from Proto-West Germanic *baʀi, from Proto-Germanic *bazją.


bane

Dutch: baan
Afrikaans: baan
→ Indonesian: ban

Limburgish: baan

From Old Dutch *bana, from Proto-West Germanic *banu, from Proto-Germanic *banō.


bane

From Old Dutch *bano, from Proto-West Germanic *banō, from Proto-Germanic *banô.


cul

Dutch: kul

Borrowed from Old French coille, from Latin cōleus.


pert

Dutch: paard, perd, peerd (dialectal)
Afrikaans: perd
→ Phuthi: ipere
→ Sotho: pere
Jersey Dutch: pêrt, pêrd
→ English: prad

Limburgish: paerd

West Flemish: peird

From Old Dutch *peret, from Late Latin paraverēdus.


aventure

Dutch: avontuur
Afrikaans: avontuur
Indonesian: avontur


lo

Dutch: lo (obsolete outside toponyms)


sac

Dutch: zak
Afrikaans: sak
→ Fwe: mà-sákà (via Lozi)
→ Zulu: saka
Fanagalo: saka
Berbice Creole Dutch: saka
Negerhollands: sak, saku, sakko
Skepi Creole Dutch: sak
→ Lokono: sâka
→ Caribbean Javanese: sak
→ Kari'na: saki
→ Indonesian: sak, saku
→ Munsee: shàkiinótay
→ Saramaccan: sáku
→ Sranan Tongo: saka
→ Caribbean Hindustani: sáká
→ Caribbean Javanese: sakah

Limburgish: zak

From Old Dutch sac, from late Proto-Germanic *sakkuz, borrowed from Latin saccus.


pere

Dutch: peer
Afrikaans: peer
Jersey Dutch: pêr
→ Aukan: peli
→ Saramaccan: péíli (from the diminutive form)

Limburgish: paer

West Flemish: peire


pote

Dutch: poot

Limburgish: poeat

From Old Dutch *pota, of uncertain ultimate origin; perhaps equivalent to the Romance cognates of French patte, from Vulgar Latin *pauta, a borrowing from a substrate language.


wert

Dutch: waard

From Old Dutch *wert, *wirt, from Proto-Germanic *werduz.


bever

Dutch: bever
Afrikaans: bewer

Limburgish: baever


vet

Dutch: vet

Limburgish: vèt

From Old Dutch fētit, fet, from Proto-West Germanic *faitid, originally a past participle.


loot

Dutch: lood

Limburgish: loead

From Old Dutch *lōt, from Proto-West Germanic *laud.


lute

Dutch: luit


hals

Dutch: hals

From Old Dutch hals, from Proto-West Germanic *hals, from Proto-Germanic *halsaz.


brant

Dutch: brand

Afrikaans: brand

Limburgish: brandj

burn (mark on the skin or something else)


hove

inflection of hof:
nominative/accusative/genitive plural


blat

Dutch: blad

desc

Afrikaans: blad (“page”), blaar (“leaf”)

Limburgish: blaad

From Old Dutch *blat, from Proto-West Germanic *blad, from Proto-Germanic *bladą.


bode

bōde (canonical masculine)
bōde (nominative singular)
bōden (nominative plural)
bōde (accusative singular)
bōden (accusative plural)
bōden (genitive singular)
bōden (genitive plural)
bōde (dative singular)
bōden (dative plural)

Dutch: bode

From Old Dutch bodo, from Proto-Germanic *budô.


gout

desctree

Dutch: goud
Afrikaans: goud
Berbice Creole Dutch: gautu
Negerhollands: gaut, goud, gout
Skepi Creole Dutch: gaut
→ Sranan Tongo: gowtu
→ Caribbean Javanese: gautu
→ Saramaccan: góútu
→ Trió: koutu

Limburgish: góldj


rune

From Old Dutch *rūna, from Proto-Germanic *rūnō.


vee

Dutch: vee
Afrikaans: vee
Negerhollands: vee

Limburgish: vieë, vieëch

From Old Dutch fē, from Proto-West Germanic *fehu, from Proto-Germanic *fehu, from Proto-Indo-European *peḱu- (“livestock”).


ere

Dutch: eer
Afrikaans: eer
Negerhollands: eer

Limburgish: ieër

From Old Dutch ēra, from Proto-West Germanic *aiʀu, from Proto-Germanic *aizō.


mere

Dutch: meer
Afrikaans: meer

Limburgish: maer

From Old Dutch meri, from Proto-West Germanic *mari.


cater

Dutch: kater

Limburgish: kater


hake

hâke (canonical)
hāke (canonical masculine)

Dutch: haak
Afrikaans: haak
Berbice Creole Dutch: haki
Negerhollands: huk
→ Indonesian: hak
→ Papiamentu: hak, haak
→ Sranan Tongo: aka
→ Caribbean Javanese: akah

Limburgish: haok

From Old Dutch *hāko, *hako, from Proto-West Germanic *hākō, *hakō, from Proto-Germanic *hēkô, *hakô.
Limburgish ao requires West Germanic long ā (Middle Dutch â, as also universally in High German). However, Westphalian Haken requires West Germanic short a and suggests that the latter may also have co-existed in Dutch.


mage

Dutch: maag
Afrikaans: maag
Negerhollands: maag
→ Indonesian: mag

Limburgish: maag

From Old Dutch *mago, from Proto-West Germanic *magō.


mage

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

inflection of mâech:
nominative/accusative/dative plural


lade

Dutch: lade, la

Limburgish: laaj

From Old Dutch *latha, from Proto-Germanic *hlaþō, related to the verb *hlaþaną.


bosch

desctree

Dutch: bos, bosch (obsolete)
Afrikaans: bos
Berbice Creole Dutch: bosi
Negerhollands: boesch, bosch
→ Aukan: bosu
→ Caribbean Javanese: bos (bunch, bundle)
→ English: bush
→ Dutch: bush, bushbush
→? Guyanese Creole English: bush
→ Indonesian: bos
→ Papiamentu: bòshi, bosji (from the diminutive)
→ Sranan Tongo: bosu (bunch, bundle)
→ Sranan Tongo: busi (forest)
→ Caribbean Javanese: busi
→ Kwinti: busi
→ Ndyuka-Trio Pidgin: busi

Limburgish: bósj

West Flemish: bus

From Old Dutch *busc, from Proto-West Germanic *busk, from Proto-Germanic *buskaz.


banc

Dutch: bank (see there for further descendants)

Afrikaans: bank

Limburgish: bank

From Old Dutch *bank, from Proto-West Germanic *banki, from Proto-Germanic *bankiz.


melc

Dutch: melk
Afrikaans: melk
Berbice Creole Dutch: meleke
Jersey Dutch: määlk
Negerhollands: melk
→ Aukan: meliki
→ Caribbean Javanese: mèleg, mèrki
→ Munsee: mălák
→ Saramaccan: meíki
→ Sranan Tongo: merki
→ Kari'na: meliki
→ Tok Pisin: melek

Limburgish: mèlk

From Old Dutch miluk, from Proto-Germanic *meluks, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂melǵ-.


rinc

Dutch: ring
Afrikaans: ring
Negerhollands: rink, riṅ
→? Aukan: linga
→ Indonesian: ring
→ Papiamentu: renchi, ringtsje (from the diminutive)

Limburgish: rink

From Old Dutch rinc, from Proto-Germanic *hringaz.


dac

Dutch: dak
Afrikaans: dak
Negerhollands: dak
→ Caribbean Hindustani: dák
→ Caribbean Javanese: dag
→ Indonesian: dak
→ Papiamentu: dak
→ Sranan Tongo: daki

Limburgish: daak

From Old Dutch thak, from Proto-West Germanic *þak, from Proto-Germanic *þaką, from Proto-Indo-European *teg-.


ware

wāre (canonical feminine)
wāre (nominative singular)
wāren (nominative plural)
wāre (accusative singular)
wāren (accusative plural)
wāren (genitive singular)
wāren (genitive plural)
wāre (dative singular)
wāren (dative singular)
wāren (dative plural)

Dutch: waar

Limburgish: waar

From Old Dutch *wara, from Proto-Germanic *warō, probably related to *waraz (“wary, watchful”).


glas

Dutch: glas
Afrikaans: glas
Berbice Creole Dutch: glasi
Negerhollands: glas
→ Caribbean Hindustani: gilás
→ Caribbean Javanese: gelas
→ Indonesian: gelas
→ Japanese: ガラス (garasu)
→ Papiamentu: glas
→ Sranan Tongo: grasi
→ Kari'na: kalasi (or directly)

Limburgish: glaas

Inherited from Old Dutch glas, from Proto-Germanic *glasą.


sone

Dutch: zoon

Afrikaans: seun

Jersey Dutch: zőn

Limburgish: zoon, zoean

West Flemish: zeune

From Old Dutch *sunu, suno, from Proto-West Germanic *sunu, from Proto-Germanic *sunuz, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.


sonde

Dutch: zonde

Limburgish: zönj

From Old Dutch sunda, from Proto-Germanic *sundijō.


rike

Dutch: rijk

Limburgish: riek

From Old Dutch rīki, from Proto-West Germanic *rīkī, from Proto-Germanic *rīkiją.


alf

Dutch: alf

From Old Dutch *alf, from Proto-Germanic *albiz.


sorge

Dutch: zorg
Afrikaans: sorg
Negerhollands: sorg
Sranan Tongo: sorgu
→ Caribbean Hindustani: sorgu
→ Indonesian: rawat (semantic loan)

From Old Dutch sorga, from Proto-West Germanic *sorgu, from Proto-Germanic *surgō, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *swergʰ- (“watch over, worry; be ill, suffer”).


diamant

desctree

Dutch: diamant
(diamond):
Afrikaans: diamant
→ Sranan Tongo: dyamanti
→ Saramaccan: djamátisítónu
(font size):
→ English: diamond
→ French: diamant
→ German: Diamant
→ Italian: diamante
→ Spanish: diamante


vader

vāder (canonical masculine)
vāder (nominative singular)
vādre (nominative plural)
vāder (accusative singular)
vādren (accusative plural)
-ders (accusative plural)
vāder (genitive singular)
-ders (genitive singular)
vādre (genitive plural)
vāder (dative singular)
-dere (dative singular)
vādren (dative plural)
-ders (dative plural)

Dutch: vader, (obsolete) vaeder, vaar, vaâr, vaêr
Afrikaans: vader
Berbice Creole Dutch: fadir
Javindo: fader
Jersey Dutch: vâder
Negerhollands: vader
Skepi Creole Dutch: father

Limburgish: vajer, vader

From Old Dutch fadar, from Proto-West Germanic *fader, from Proto-Germanic *fadēr, from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr.

etymon

vāder


stat

Dutch: stad, stede, stee (bedstee)

Afrikaans: stad

Limburgish: staad

From Old Dutch stat, from Proto-West Germanic *stadi. The umlauted form stēde derives from Old Dutch stedi, a variant which hadn't lost the final -i.


nacht

Dutch: nacht

Afrikaans: nag

Negerhollands: nacht, nagt

Limburgish: nach

West Flemish: nacht


seil

Dutch: zeil

Limburgish: zèèl

From Old Dutch *segil, from Proto-West Germanic *segl, from Proto-Germanic *seglą.


vogel

desctree

Dutch: vogel, veugel (obsolete), fogel
Afrikaans: voël
→ English: voël
Jersey Dutch: fœüxel
Negerhollands: vogel
Skepi Creole Dutch: fogul
→? Sranan Tongo: fowru, vol, vool
→ Saramaccan: fóu

Limburgish: vogel, voeagel

West Flemish: veugel

Zealandic: veugel

From Old Dutch fogal, from Proto-Germanic *fuglaz.


licht

Dutch: licht

Limburgish: leech

From Old Dutch lieht, from Proto-West Germanic *leuht (“light, brightness”).


heilige

Dutch: heilige

(in the plural) relic, figure of a saint


venne

Dutch: ven

Limburgish: vèn

From Old Dutch *feni. Doublet of vēne, the form with a geminate -nn- arose from the oblique case forms.

(northern Brabant) small lake in a forest or heath


cust

Dutch: kust

From Old Dutch *kust, from Proto-Germanic *kustuz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵéwstus.


ebbe

Dutch: eb

From Old Dutch *ebba, from Proto-West Germanic *abbjā, from Proto-Germanic *abjǭ.


leiden

Dutch: Leiden

From Old Dutch *Lagiþon, of Germanic origin, from a derivative of Proto-West Germanic *lagu (“water”). Not related to Lugdunum, which it is sometimes erroneously connected to.

Leiden (a city in the modern Netherlands)


verlies

Dutch: verlies
Afrikaans: verlies

Limburgish: verlees


inne

in inne werden

in inne wesen


catte

desctree

Dutch: kat
Afrikaans: kat
→ Xhosa: ikati
→ Zulu: ikati
Jersey Dutch: kāt
Negerhollands: katje (from the Dutch diminutive)
Skepi Creole Dutch: kat

Limburgish: kat

West Flemish: katte

From Old Dutch *katta, from Proto-West Germanic *kattā, from Proto-Germanic *kattǭ.


aes

Dutch: aas

Limburgish: aos

From Old Dutch ās, from Proto-Germanic *ēsaz.


historie

histōrie (canonical feminine)
histōrie (nominative singular)
histōrien (nominative plural)
histōrie (accusative singular)
histōrien (accusative plural)
histōrien (genitive singular)
histōrien (genitive plural)
histōrie (dative singular)
histōrien (dative singular)
histōrien (dative plural)

Dutch: historie
→ Indonesian: histori


slange

Dutch: slang
Afrikaans: slang
Berbice Creole Dutch: slanggi
Negerhollands: slang, slaṅ
Skepi Creole Dutch: slanka
→ Aukan: salan
→ Caribbean Javanese: selang
→ Indonesian: slang (“hose”)
→ Papiamentu: slan

Limburgish: slang

From Old Dutch slango, from Proto-Germanic *slangô.


bie

Dutch: bij, by (for the preposition)
Jersey Dutch: bai
Negerhollands: bi, bie
Petjo: bij
Skepi Creole Dutch: bi

Limburgish: bie

From Old Dutch *bīa, from Proto-Germanic *bijō.


dene

Dutch: Deen

Limburgish: daen


minne

minne (nominative singular)
minnen (nominative plural)
minne (accusative singular)
minnen (accusative plural)
minnen (genitive singular)
minnen (genitive plural)
minne (dative singular)
minnen (dative singular)
minnen (dative plural)

Dutch: min

(rare) remembrance (possibly from a different etymology)


loon

Dutch: loon

Limburgish: loean

From Old Dutch *lōn, from Old Dutch *lōn, from Proto-West Germanic *laun.


loon

Dutch: Loon, (compounded) Borgloon


coe

Dutch: koe (see there for further descendants)

Limburgish: ków

West Flemish: koe

From Old Dutch cuo, from Proto-West Germanic *kō (“cow”).


a

Dutch: a, Aa

From Old Dutch ā, from Proto-Germanic *ahwō.


hof

hof (nominative singular)
hove (nominative plural)
hof (accusative singular)
hove (accusative plural)
hoves (genitive singular)
hove (genitive plural)
hove (dative singular)
hoven (dative plural)

Dutch: hof
Afrikaans: hof
Negerhollands: hofje, hofi, hoffie (from the diminutive)
→ Papiamentu: hòfi, hoffie (from the diminutive)

Limburgish: haof, hoof

→ Scots: howf, hauf, houf, houff, houffe, hooff, howff
→ English: howf


bli

Dutch: blei (with unetymological ei)

Limburgish: blie

From Old Dutch *blī, from Proto-West Germanic *blīwī.


seer

Dutch: zeer

From Old Dutch sēr, from Proto-West Germanic *sair.


velge

Dutch: velg

From Old Dutch *felga, from Proto-Germanic *felgō.


ramp

Dutch: ramp


acker

Dutch: akker

Limburgish: akker

From Old Dutch akker, from Proto-Germanic *akraz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵros.


aken

Dutch: Aken

Limburgish: Aoke


wissel

Dutch: wissel

Limburgish: wessel, wissel, wisjel

From Old Dutch *wissel, from Proto-Germanic *wihslaz.


wijn

Dutch: wijn
Afrikaans: wyn
Berbice Creole Dutch: win
Negerhollands: wien, win
→ Saramaccan: wín
→? Sranan Tongo: win
→ Lokono: wing
→ Caribbean Javanese: win

Limburgish: wien

From Old Dutch wīn, from Proto-West Germanic *wīn, from Latin vīnum.


wiel

Dutch: wiel
Afrikaans: wiel
Negerhollands: wiel, wil
→ Caribbean Javanese: wil
→ Papiamentu: wil
→ Sranan Tongo: wiri

Limburgish: weel

→ Old Frisian: wēl

West Frisian: wiele

From Old Dutch *wiol, from Proto-Germanic *hwehwlą, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷekʷlóm, *kʷékʷlos.


wiel

Dutch: wiel


lepel

Dutch: lepel
Afrikaans: lepel
Berbice Creole Dutch: leple
Jersey Dutch: lêpel
Negerhollands: leepel, leppu
Skepi Creole Dutch: lepel
→ Lokono: lepele

Limburgish: laepel

From Old Dutch *lepil, from Proto-Germanic *lapilaz.


moeder

Dutch: moeder
Afrikaans: moeder
Negerhollands: muder, moeder

Limburgish: moder

Zealandic: moeder

from Old Dutch muoder, from Proto-West Germanic *mōder, from Proto-Germanic *mōdēr, from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr.


dochter

Dutch: dochter
Afrikaans: dogter
Jersey Dutch: doxter
Negerhollands: dochter, dogter
Petjo: dohter

Limburgish: dóchter

From Old Dutch dohter, from Proto-West Germanic *dohter.


honger

Dutch: honger
Afrikaans: honger
Berbice Creole Dutch: hungru
Skepi Creole Dutch: hunger
→? Sranan Tongo: angri, hangri
→ Saramaccan: hángi, ángi

Limburgish: hónger

From Old Dutch hunger, from Proto-West Germanic *hungr.


olie

Dutch: olie
Afrikaans: olie
Berbice Creole Dutch: oli
Jersey Dutch: ôlje
Negerhollands: oli, olie
→ Lokono: uli
→ Indonesian: oli
→ Sranan Tongo: oli
→ Aukan: oli
→ Saramaccan: óli

Limburgish: aolje

From Old Dutch olig, from Latin oleum, from Ancient Greek ἔλαιον (élaion).


hemel

Dutch: hemel

Afrikaans: hemel

Limburgish: hieëmel

From Old Dutch himil, from Proto-West Germanic *himil.


vinger

Dutch: vinger
Afrikaans: vinger
Berbice Creole Dutch: finggri
Negerhollands: vinger, fiṅgu, finger
→? Aukan: finga
→? Caribbean Hindustani: ungri
→? Sranan Tongo: finga
→ Saramaccan: fingá

Limburgish: vinger, vènger

From Old Dutch fingar, from Proto-West Germanic *fingr, from Proto-Germanic *fingraz.


vuur

Dutch: vuur, vier (Southern)
Afrikaans: vuur
Javindo: vier
Jersey Dutch: vuer, vîr
Negerhollands: vuur, fi, vier
Skepi Creole Dutch: fir

Limburgish: vuur

West Flemish: vier

Zealandic: vier

From Old Dutch fuir, from Proto-West Germanic *fuir.


lucht

Dutch: lucht

Limburgish: lóch

From Old Dutch *luft, from Proto-West Germanic *luftu, from Proto-Germanic *luftuz.


voet

Dutch: voet

Limburgish: voot

From Old Dutch fuot, from Proto-West Germanic *fōt, from Proto-Germanic *fōts, from Proto-Indo-European *pṓds.


stoel

Dutch: stoel
Afrikaans: stoel
→ Southern Ndebele: ísítúlo
→ Shona: chitúru, chitúro
→ Sotho: setulo
→ Swazi: sítúlo
→ Tsonga: xitulu
→ Xhosa: ísítúlo
→ Zulu: ísítúlo
Jersey Dutch: stûl
Negerhollands: stoel, stul, stuel
Skepi Creole Dutch: stool
→ Aukan: sutuu
→ Fanagalo: stul (possibly via Zulu or from English)
→ Papiamentu: stul, stoeltsje, stoeltji
→ Sranan Tongo: sturu

Limburgish: stool

From Old Dutch stuol, from Proto-West Germanic *stōl, from Proto-Germanic *stōlaz, from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-.


vloer

Dutch: vloer

Limburgish: vloor

From Old Dutch *fluor, from Proto-Germanic *flōraz.


vrede

vrēde (canonical feminine masculine)
vrēde (nominative singular)
vrēden (nominative plural)
vrēde (accusative singular)
vrēden (accusative plural)
vrēden (genitive singular)
vrēden (genitive plural)
vrēde (dative singular)
vrēden (dative plural)
vrēde (nominative singular)
vrēden (nominative plural)
vrēde (accusative singular)
vrēden (accusative plural)
vrēden (genitive singular)
vrēden (genitive plural)
vrēde (dative singular)
vrēden (dative singular)
vrēden (dative plural)

Dutch: vrede, vree, vreed
Afrikaans: vrede
Negerhollands: vreed, vrede, vreede
Sranan Tongo: vrede, freide

Limburgish: vrieëd

From Old Dutch frithu, from Proto-West Germanic *friþu.


laken

Dutch: laken

Limburgish: lake

From Old Dutch *lakan, from Proto-Germanic *lakaną.


dwale

Dutch: dwaal, dweil

Limburgish: dweiel

From Old Dutch *thwāla, *twēla, *thweila, from Proto-West Germanic *þwahilu.


hert

Dutch: hert, hart
Afrikaans: hert

Limburgish: hèrtj


hert

Dutch: haard

Afrikaans: haard

Limburgish: haerdj

From Old Dutch *herth, from Proto-West Germanic *herþ.


gracht

Dutch: gracht, graft (canal, grave, obsolete)
Afrikaans: grag
→ English: gracht
→ German: Gracht
→ Papiamentu: gracht (dated)
→ West Frisian: gracht

Limburgish: grach

From Old Dutch *graft, *graht, from Proto-Germanic *graftuz.


boter

Dutch: boter (see there for further descendants)

Limburgish: bótter

West Flemish: beuter

From Old Dutch *butera, from Proto-West Germanic *buterā, from Latin būtȳrum, from Ancient Greek βούτυρον (boúturon).


wagen

wāgen (canonical masculine)
wagen (nominative singular)
wagene (nominative plural)
wagen (accusative singular)
wagene (accusative plural)
wagens (genitive singular)
wagene (genitive plural)
wagene (dative singular)
wagenen (dative plural)

Dutch: wagen

Limburgish: wage

→ English: wagon, waggon (British, dated)
→ Dutch: wagon
→ French: wagon (see there for further descendants)
→ German: Waggon
→ Japanese: わごん, ワゴン (wagon)
→ Polish: wagon
→ Spanish: vagón

→ Scots: waggen, wagun, wagoun

From Old Dutch *wagan, from Proto-West Germanic *wagn.


allame

allâme (canonical masculine)
allâme (nominative singular)
allâmen (nominative plural)
allâme (accusative singular)
allâmen (accusative plural)
allâmen (genitive singular)
allâmen (genitive plural)
allâme (dative singular)
allâmen (dative plural)

West Flemish: aloam

Likely from a compounding of ant (“against”) + lamen (“tool”). Cognate with Old English andlōma (“tool”). Akin to Old English ġelōma and Old High German lōmi, luomi.

Van waghenen, van ploeghen ende van anders antlamen te maken

To make tools from carts, ploughs en other things


ijs

Dutch: ijs
Afrikaans: ys
Petjo: es
→ Caribbean Javanese: ès
→ Indonesian: es
→ Papiamentu: eis
→ Sranan Tongo: èisi, hèisi
→ Aukan: eisi
→ Saramaccan: eísí

Limburgish: ies

From Old Dutch *īs, from Proto-West Germanic *īs.


mede

Dutch: mede

From Old Dutch *medu, *medo, from Proto-West Germanic *medu.


mede

mēde (canonical feminine)
mēde (nominative singular)
mēden (nominative plural)
mēde (accusative singular)
mēden (accusative plural)
mēden (genitive singular)
mēden (genitive plural)
mēde (dative singular)
mēden (dative singular)
mēden (dative plural)

Dutch: mede, mee

⇒ Dutch: meekrap

From Old Dutch *mētha, *meitha, from Proto-West Germanic *maiþā, from Proto-Germanic *maiþǭ. Cognate with West Frisian miede. Related also to English madder.

Rubia tinctorum
Rubia tinctorum#Translingual


mede

mēde (canonical masculine)
mēde (nominative singular)
mēden (nominative plural)
mēde (accusative singular)
mēden (accusative plural)
mēden (genitive singular)
mēden (genitive plural)
mēde (dative singular)
mēden (dative plural)

Dutch: meed

Borrowed from Latin Medus, from Ancient Greek Μῆδος (Mêdos).


mede

Dutch: meet

A measure of volume, consisting of half an ame, or around 75 litres.


ernst

Dutch: ernst
Afrikaans: erns
Negerhollands: ernst

Limburgish: èrns

From Old Dutch ernost, from Proto-Germanic *ernustuz.


tiende

Dutch: tiend

From Old Dutch *tiando, from Proto-Germanic *tehundô.


sinne

inflection of sin:
nominative/accusative/genitive plural


dorn

Dutch: doren, doorn
Afrikaans: doring
Negerhollands: dorn, doorn

From Old Dutch thorn, from Proto-West Germanic *þorn.


nevel

Dutch: nevel

Limburgish: naevel

From Old Dutch *neval, from Proto-Germanic *nebulaz.


droom

Dutch: droom

Limburgish: droum

From Old Dutch drōm, from Proto-Germanic *draumaz.


hode

From Old Dutch *hotho, from Proto-West Germanic *hoþō, from Proto-Germanic *huþô.

ende grepen, recht als was sijn meen, // al vast bi beide sijn hoden,

ca. 1475, Reinaerts historie, page 325, lines 7336–7337:

and he grabbed, as it was his common right, // tight at both his testicles,


mont

Dutch: mond, mont (obsolete)
Afrikaans: mond
Javindo: mon
Negerhollands: mond, mon, mun, mont
→ Virgin Islands Creole: mon, mout (dated)
Petjo: mon
Skepi Creole Dutch: mont

Limburgish: móndj

From Old Dutch munt, from Proto-Germanic *munþaz.


mol

Dutch: mol

Limburgish: mól

From Proto-Germanic *mulaz, *mulhaz (“mole, salamander”), from Proto-Indo-European *molg-, *molk- (“slug, salamander”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)melw- (“to grind, crush, beat”). Cognate with North Frisian mull (“mole”), Saterland Frisian molle (“mole”), Low German Mol, Mul (“mole”), German Molch (“salamander, newt”), Old Russian смолжь (smolžʹ, “snail”), Czech mlž (“clam”).


suster

desctree

Dutch: zuster
Afrikaans: suster
Berbice Creole Dutch: sosro, sosoro
Skepi Creole Dutch: soster
→ Caribbean Hindustani: sester
→ Caribbean Javanese: soster, sester
→ Indonesian: suster
→ Saramaccan: soosútu

Limburgish: zöster

From Old Dutch swester, from Proto-Germanic *swestēr, from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr.


sede

Dutch: zede

Inherited from Old Dutch sido, from Proto-Germanic *siduz.


loof

Dutch: loof

Afrikaans: lof

Limburgish: louf

From Old Dutch *lōf, from Proto-West Germanic *laub, from Proto-Germanic *laubą.


weder

Dutch: weder, weer

Limburgish: waeder, waer

From Old Dutch *wedar, from Proto-Germanic *wedrą.


weder

Dutch: weder, weer

From Old Dutch withero, from Proto-West Germanic *weþru, from Proto-Germanic *weþruz.


stal

Dutch: stal

Afrikaans: stal

Limburgish: stal

From Old Dutch *stal, from Proto-Germanic *stallaz.


stal

Dutch: diefstal (in compound)


lewe

Dutch: leeuw
Afrikaans: leeu
Negerhollands: leeuw
→ Papiamentu: leeuw (dated)
→ Sranan Tongo: lew

Limburgish: lieëf, liew

West Flemish: lêeuw


lof

Dutch: lof

From Old Dutch lof, from Proto-West Germanic *lob.


miere

Dutch: mier

Afrikaans: mier

→ Ambonese Malay: mir

Berbice Creole Dutch: mira

→ Kupang Malay: mir

Skepi Creole Dutch: mira

→ Sranan Tongo: mira

→ West Frisian: mier

From Old Dutch *miuri, from Proto-Germanic *miurijǭ.


conte

Dutch: kont

From Old Dutch *kunta (“vagina”), from Proto-Germanic *kuntǭ.


helle

helle (nominative singular)
hellen (nominative plural)
helle (accusative singular)
hellen (accusative plural)
hellen (genitive singular)
hellen (genitive plural)
helle (dative singular)
hellen (dative singular)
hellen (dative plural)

Dutch: hel

Afrikaans: hel

Limburgish: hel

From Old Dutch hella, from Proto-West Germanic *hallju.


segel

Dutch: zegel
Afrikaans: seël
Negerhollands: siegel, siel
Petjo: segel
→ Aukan: sekili
→ Caribbean Javanese: sèkhel
→ Indonesian: segel

From Old Dutch *sigil, from Latin sigillum.


spere

Dutch: speer

Limburgish: spaer

From Old Dutch *speru, from Proto-West Germanic *speru, from Proto-Germanic *speru.


stoom

Dutch: stoom
Afrikaans: stoom
→ Indonesian: setom, setum
→ Papiamentu: stoom (dated)
→ West Frisian: stoom

Limburgish: stoum

From Old Dutch *stōm, from Proto-West Germanic *staum, from Proto-Germanic *staumaz.


swert

Dutch: zwaard

Afrikaans: swaard

Negerhollands: sweerd

Limburgish: zwerd

West Flemish: zwoard

Zealandic: zwaerd

From Old Dutch swert, from Proto-West Germanic *swerd, from Proto-Germanic *swerdą.

swertrocht

band formed for the apprehension of a criminal

(figurative) A type of legal power or privilege.


stede

(Flemish, Holland) Alternative form of stat


ende

Dutch: eind, einde, (informal) end
Afrikaans: einde
Negerhollands: end, einde
→ Caribbean Javanese: èndhe

Limburgish: ènj

From Old Dutch endi, from Proto-West Germanic *andī, from Proto-Germanic *andijaz.


ure

Dutch: uur (see there for further descendants)

Limburgish: oer

West Flemish: eure

→ Middle Low German: ūr

Plautdietsch: Ua

→ Danish: ur

→ Middle High German: ūre

Alemannic German: Uur

Bavarian: Uah

Central Franconian: Uhr, Ouher

German: Uhr (see there for further descendants)

Luxembourgish: Auer

→ Saterland Frisian: Uure

→ West Frisian: oere

Borrowed from Old French ore, from Latin hora.


veste

Dutch: vest

Limburgish: vès

From Old Dutch festi. Equivalent to vast + -e.


coude

Dutch: koude, kou

Limburgish: kaadje, kaaj

Regularisation of earlier kelde, from Old Dutch *keldi, from Proto-West Germanic *kaldī. Equivalent to cout + -e.


meester

Dutch: meester (see there for further descendants)

Limburgish: meister

From Old Dutch *mēster, from Vulgar Latin *maester, from Latin magister.

A master, manager, person at the head of something


bede

Dutch: bede

Afrikaans: bede

From Old Dutch beda, from Proto-Germanic *bedō.


crone

Dutch: kroon
Afrikaans: kroon
→ Indonesian: kerun
Negerhollands: kroon

Limburgish: kroean

From Old Dutch corōna, from Latin corōna. Doublet of crune.


panne

Dutch: pan
Afrikaans: pan
Jersey Dutch: pān
Negerhollands: pan
→ Caribbean Javanese: pan
→ Indonesian: panci (from the diminutive)
→ Javanese: ꦥꦚ꧀ꦕꦶ (panci), ꦮꦚ꧀ꦕꦶ (wanci) (from the diminutive)
→ Munsee: pán
→ Papiamentu: panchi, pannetsji, pannetsje (from the diminutive)
→ Sranan Tongo: pan
→ Saramaccan: pánu

Limburgish: pan

From Old Dutch *panna, from Latin panna, contraction of patina.


kille

kille (nominative singular)
killen (nominative plural)
kille (accusative singular)
killen (accusative plural)
killen (genitive singular)
killen (genitive plural)
kille (dative singular)
killen (dative singular)
killen (dative plural)

Dutch: kil

From Old Dutch *killa, from Proto-Germanic *kiljǭ, ultimately related to *kīnaną (“to crack, split”).


wint

Dutch: wind
Afrikaans: wind
Berbice Creole Dutch: wende
Negerhollands: wind, win, wen
Skepi Creole Dutch: went
→ Aukan: winta
→ Sranan Tongo: winti

Limburgish: windj

From Old Dutch wint, from Proto-West Germanic *wind.


henne

Dutch: hen
Afrikaans: hen
Jersey Dutch: hän

Limburgish: hèn

From Old Dutch *henna, from Proto-West Germanic *hannju.


doren

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


dore

Dutch: deur

Limburgish: däör

West Flemish: deure

Zealandic: deur, deure

From Old Dutch duri, from Proto-West Germanic *dur.


dore

Dutch: door

From Old Dutch *dōro, Proto-West Germanic *dauʀō, from Proto-Germanic *dauzô.


adem

Dutch: adem

Limburgish: aodem, aom

From Old Dutch *āthom, from Proto-West Germanic *āþm, from Proto-Germanic *ēþmaz.


vlucht

Dutch: vlucht

Limburgish: vlöch

From Old Dutch *fluht, from Proto-West Germanic *fluhti.


dief

Dutch: dief

Afrikaans: dief

Limburgish: deef

From Old Dutch *thiof, from Proto-West Germanic *þeub.


vore

Dutch: voor

From Old Dutch *furo, from Proto-West Germanic *furh, from Proto-Germanic *furhs.


vort

Dutch: voord, voort, voorde

From Old Dutch *furt, from Proto-Germanic *furduz, from Proto-Indo-European *pértus.


crune

Dutch: kruin

From Old Dutch *corūna, from Latin corōna. Doublet of crône.


rint

Dutch: rund

Limburgish: röndj

A partial merger of two different, but related and probably synonymous words:
* rint from Old Dutch *rind, from Proto-Germanic *hrinþaz
* runt from Old Dutch *rund, from Proto-Germanic *hrunþaz
In the coastal dialects, unrounding of runt also resulted in rint.


geval

Dutch: geval

Limburgish: geval


molen

Dutch: molen

Limburgish: meule

From Old Dutch mulin, from Latin molīna.


ouder

Dutch: ouder

From Old Dutch alder, from Proto-Germanic *aldrą.


ouder

Dutch: ouder

Limburgish: aajer


schepen

Dutch: schepen

From Old Dutch scepeno, possibly a derivative of Frankish *skappjan (“to shape, create”).

Descepenen van bochouta quedden alle degene die dese lettren sien selen i(n) onsen here.


vorst

Dutch: vorst

Limburgish: vrós

From Old Dutch *frost, from Proto-West Germanic *frost, from Proto-Germanic *frustaz.


messe

Dutch: mis

Limburgish: mès

West Flemish: messe

Borrowed from Old French messe, from Latin missa. The variant misse was influenced directly by the Latin.


balke

desctree

Dutch: balk
Afrikaans: balk
Negerhollands: balk
→ Caribbean Javanese: baleg, balok
→ Javanese: ꦧꦭꦺꦴꦏ꧀ (balok)
→ Indonesian: balok
→ Malay: balak
> Indonesian: balak (inherited)
→ Papiamentu: balki (from the diminutive)
→ Saramaccan: báíki
→ Sranan Tongo: barki, balk
→ Caribbean Hindustani: barki

Limburgish: balk


camere

Dutch: kamer
Afrikaans: kamer
Berbice Creole Dutch: kambru
→ Lokono: kambara
→ Malay: kamar
Indonesian: kamar
→ Petjo: kamar
→ Ternate: kamar
→ Javanese: ꦏꦩꦂ (kamar)
> Caribbean Javanese: kamar (inherited)
→ Papiamentu: kamber
→ Peranakan Indonesian: kamer
→ Sranan Tongo: kamra
→ Aukan: kambaa
→ Caribbean Hindustani: kamrá
→ Saramaccan: kámba
→ Sinhalese: කාමරය (kāmaraya)
→? Trió: kama

Limburgish: kamer

From Old Dutch *kamara, from Latin camera (“room, vault”), from Ancient Greek καμάρα (kamára, “vaulted chamber”).


maghe

Alternative spelling of mâge; inflection of mâech:


lettere

desctree

Dutch: letter
Afrikaans: letter
Negerhollands: letter
→ Caribbean Javanese: lèter
→ Indonesian: leter
→ Japanese: レッテル (retteru)
→ Papiamentu: lèter, lèterchi, letter
→ Saramaccan: letè

Limburgish: lètter

Borrowed from Old French letre, from Latin littera.

(sometimes plural only) letter (written note)


materie

Dutch: materie
Negerhollands: materie, matering
→ Indonesian: materi

Borrowed from Old French materie, matiere, from Latin māteria (“matter, stuff, material”).


scade

Alternative spelling of schāde (“damage”)


scade

Alternative spelling of schāde (“shadow”)


vracht

Dutch: vracht

Limburgish: vrach

→ English: freight, fraught

→ Old French: fret (< vrecht) (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from Middle Low German vracht, vrecht (“payment for cargo”), from Old Saxon frāht, frēht. Displaced the native Middle Dutch vrecht, both originally deriving from Proto-West Germanic *fra- + *aihti.


ambacht

ambacht (nominative singular)
ambachte (nominative plural)
ambacht (accusative singular)
ambachte (accusative plural)
ambachts (genitive singular)
ambachte (genitive plural)
ambachte (dative singular)
ambachten (dative plural)

desctree

Dutch: ambacht
Afrikaans: ambag
→ Indonesian: ambah
Negerhollands: ambacht

Limburgish: ambach

From Old Dutch ambacht, from Proto-Germanic *ambahtaz, from Gaulish ambaxtos, from Proto-Celtic *ambaxtos

office, function, post (an official position)

area that is under the same jurisdiction


munte

munte (nominative singular)
munten (nominative plural)
munte (accusative singular)
munten (accusative plural)
munten (genitive singular)
munten (genitive plural)
munte (dative singular)
munten (dative singular)
munten (dative plural)

Dutch: munt

Limburgish: munt

From Old Dutch munita, from Proto-West Germanic *munit.


ors

Dutch: ros, hors (dialectal)
Afrikaans: ros
⇒ Dutch: rossen (“to groom (a horse)”, verb)
→ West Frisian: rosse (verb)


cule

Dutch: kuil

Limburgish: koel

From Old Dutch *kūla, from Proto-Germanic *kūlō.


strale

Dutch: straal
Afrikaans: straal
→ Papiamentu: stral, straal

Limburgish: straol

From Old Dutch strāla, from Proto-West Germanic *strālu.


stert

Dutch: staart

Limburgish: stert

West Flemish: steirt

From Old Dutch *stert, from Proto-Germanic *stertaz.


duvel

Dutch: duivel, duvel (archaic or dialectal)
Afrikaans: duiwel
Berbice Creole Dutch: diflu
Negerhollands: duvel, dievel

Limburgish: duvel

From Old Dutch diuval, from Latin diabolus, from Ancient Greek διάβολος (diábolos).


laet

Dutch: laat

Limburgish: laot

From Old Dutch *lāt, from Proto-Germanic *lētaz.


lijm

Dutch: lijm
Afrikaans: lym
Negerhollands: liem
→ Caribbean Javanese: lèm
→ Indonesian: lem
→ Papiamentu: leim, lijm, lym, leimu

Limburgish: liem

From Old Dutch *līm, from Proto-West Germanic *līm, from Proto-Germanic *līmaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂leyH- (“to smear”) (modern English slime).


welp

Dutch: welp

Afrikaans: welp

From Old Dutch welp, from Proto-Germanic *hwelpaz.


hagel

desctree

Dutch: hagel
Afrikaans: hael
Berbice Creole Dutch: hagli
Negerhollands: hagel
→ Papiamentu: hagel
→ Sranan Tongo: agra
→ Caribbean Javanese: agrah
→ Saramaccan: hága, ága

Limburgish: hagel, haachel

From Old Dutch *hagal, from Proto-Germanic *haglaz.


breda

Dutch: Breda

Breda (a city in the modern Netherlands)


clocke

Dutch: klok, klokke (obsolete)
Afrikaans: klok
Berbice Creole Dutch: klok
Jersey Dutch: klök
Negerhollands: klok, klock
→ Papiamentu: klòk, klok
→ West Frisian: klok

Limburgish: klók

→ Middle English: clokke, clok, cloke, clocke
English: clock
Scots: clock

From Old Dutch *klokka, from Old Northern French cloque (“bell”), from Medieval Latin clocca, probably of Celtic origin, from Proto-Celtic *klokkos (“bell”) (compare Welsh cloch, Irish clog), from Proto-Indo-European *klēg-, *klōg- (onomatopoeia).


buur

Dutch: buur
Afrikaans: buur
Jersey Dutch: buer

From Old Dutch *būr, from Proto-Germanic *būraz.

inhabitant (one who shares in rights and obligations as an inhabitant of a place)


buur

From Old Dutch būr, from Proto-Germanic *būraz.


borst

Dutch: borst
Afrikaans: bors
Negerhollands: borst, bos, borsje
→ Sranan Tongo: borsu

Limburgish: bórs, bósj

From Old Dutch brust, from Proto-Germanic *brusts.


lere

Dutch: leer

Limburgish: lieër

From Old Dutch lēra, from Proto-Germanic *laizō.


esel

Dutch: ezel
Afrikaans: esel
→ Sotho: esele
→ Xhosa: i-esile
→ English: easel
Negerhollands: esel

Limburgish: aezel

From Old Dutch esil, from Late Latin asellus.


marter

Dutch: marter

Borrowed from Old French martre, in turn borrowed from Frankish *marthar, from Proto-Germanic *marþraz.


busse

Dutch: bus

Afrikaans: bus

Limburgish: bösj

→ English: bush

From Old Dutch *bussa, from Proto-West Germanic *buhsā.


dorst

Dutch: dorst
Afrikaans: dors
Negerhollands: dorst, dos, durst
→ Virgin Islands Creole: dos (archaic)

From Old Dutch thurst, from Proto-West Germanic *þurstu, from Proto-Germanic *þurstuz.


schone

schône (canonical feminine)
schône (nominative singular)
schônen (nominative plural)
schône (accusative singular)
schônen (accusative plural)
schônen (genitive singular)
schônen (genitive plural)
schône (dative singular)
schônen (dative singular)
schônen (dative plural)

From Old Dutch scōnī, from Proto-West Germanic *skaunī, from Proto-Germanic *skaunį̄.


grote

Limburgish: gruuedje


stroom

Dutch: stroom

Afrikaans: stroom

Limburgish: stroum

From Old Dutch *strōm, from Proto-West Germanic *straum.


traen

Dutch: traan

Limburgish: traon

From Old Dutch trān, from Proto-Germanic *trahnuz.


diere

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

inflection of dier:
nominative/accusative/genitive plural


leme

Dutch: leem

From Old Dutch *limu, from Proto-Germanic *limuz.

(generally prickly) stalk or other part of a plant


gay

Dutch: gaai

Borrowed from Old Northern French gai, from Late Latin gaius, from the Roman name Latin Gaius. Also see Spanish gaya and urraca.


saken

inflection of sāke:
genitive/dative plural


pastoor

desctree

Dutch: pastoor
Afrikaans: pastoor
→ Indonesian: pastor
→ Javanese: ꦥꦱ꧀ꦠꦸꦂ (pastur)
→ Lokono: pastoro
→ Papiamentu: pastor
→ West Frisian: pastoar

Limburgish: pestoear

West Flemish: paster


vlies

Dutch: vlies

Afrikaans: vlies

→ German: Vlies

Limburgish: vlees

From Old Dutch *flios, from Proto-West Germanic *fleus.


ploech

Dutch: ploeg

Afrikaans: ploeg

Limburgish: plógk

From Old Dutch *pluog, from Proto-Germanic *plōgaz.


oever

Dutch: oever
Afrikaans: oewer

Limburgish: euver

From Old Dutch *uovar, from Proto-Germanic *ōferaz.


sweer

From Old Dutch *sweur, *swēr, from Proto-Germanic *swehuraz, from Proto-Indo-European *swéḱuros.


schat

Dutch: schat

Afrikaans: skat

Limburgish: sjat

From Old Dutch *skat, from Proto-West Germanic *skatt.


reise

Dutch: reis
Afrikaans: reis
→ Russian: рейс (rejs)

Limburgish: reis

→ Middle English: reys, raise
English: reys

From Old Dutch *reisa, from Proto-West Germanic *raisu.


wille

Dutch: wil
Afrikaans: wil
Negerhollands: wil, wille

Limburgish: wil

From Old Dutch willo, from Proto-Germanic *wiljô.


genade

Dutch: genade

Limburgish: gnäöj


lijf

Dutch: lijf
Afrikaans: lyf
Berbice Creole Dutch: lifu
Negerhollands: lief, lif, lijf

Limburgish: lief

Zealandic: lief

From Old Dutch līf, from Proto-West Germanic *līb.


hant

Dutch: hand

Limburgish: handj

Zealandic: and


beene

Alternative spelling of bêne; inflection of bêen:


lant

Dutch: land
Afrikaans: land
Berbice Creole Dutch: alanda, landi
Negerhollands: land, lant, lan
Skepi Creole Dutch: land, lantta
→ Sranan Tongo: lanti (see there for further descendants)
>? Javanese: ꦭꦤ꧀ (lan)

Limburgish: landj

Zealandic: land


dach

dach (nominative singular)
dage (nominative plural)
dach (accusative singular)
dage (accusative plural)
dages (genitive singular)
dage (genitive plural)
dage (dative singular)
dagen (dative plural)

Dutch: dag, dagge, dagh (obsolete)
Afrikaans: dag
Berbice Creole Dutch: daka
Jersey Dutch: dâx
Negerhollands: dag, dak
→ Virgin Islands Creole: dak (archaic)
Petjo: dah
Skepi Creole Dutch: dak, dagka
→ Saramaccan: dáka

Limburgish: daag

West Flemish: dag

Zealandic: dag

From Old Dutch dag, from Proto-West Germanic *dag, from Proto-Germanic *dagaz.

dachclocke

clock sounded at the beginning of the day


heem

Dutch: heem, heim (possibly from German), -em, -hem, -gem (in placenames)

Afrikaans: heim

Limburgish: heim

From Old Dutch hēm, from Proto-Germanic *haimaz.


wout

Dutch: woud

Limburgish: waadj

From Old Dutch walt, from Proto-West Germanic *walþu.


vorme

Dutch: vorm

Limburgish: vórm

manifestation, way in which something manifests


broeder

Dutch: broeder, broer

Afrikaans: broeder, broer

Limburgish: broor

From Old Dutch bruother, from Proto-Germanic *brōþēr, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.


snee

Dutch: sneeuw, snee (now dialectal, otherwise obsolete)
Afrikaans: sneeu
Negerhollands: sneew
→ Papiamentu: sneu, sneeuw
→ Sranan Tongo: snew

Limburgish: snieë


hage

Dutch: haag

From Old Dutch *hago, from Proto-West Germanic *hagō.


panser

Borrowed from Old French pancier, from panse (“belly”).

A beaver character in the story of Reynard the fox.


dage

inflection of dach:
nominative/accusative/genitive plural


borstel

Dutch: borstel

Limburgish: börstel

From Old Dutch *burstil, from Proto-Germanic *burstilaz.


scherm

Afrikaans: skerm

Dutch: scherm

Limburgish: sjèrm

From Old Dutch skirm, from Proto-West Germanic *skirmi.


jaer

Dutch: jaar
Afrikaans: jaar
Berbice Creole Dutch: jari
Jersey Dutch: jâr
Negerhollands: jaer, jaar, yer
→ Aukan: yali
→ Sranan Tongo: yari
→ Caribbean Javanese: yari
→ Saramaccan: jáa

Limburgish: jaor

West Flemish: joar

Zealandic: jaer, jaor

From Old Dutch jār, from Proto-Germanic *jērą, from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₁-.


boge

Dutch: boog

Limburgish: baog

From Old Dutch bogo, from Proto-Germanic *bugô.


bete

Dutch: beet

Limburgish: beet

From Old Dutch *biti, from Proto-Germanic *bitiz.


lage

Dutch: laag

Limburgish: laog

From Old Dutch *lāga, from Proto-Germanic *lēgō.


smake

Dutch: smaak
Afrikaans: smaak
→ Limburgish: smaak
→ Papiamentu: smak, smaak

From Old Dutch *smako, from Proto-West Germanic *smakō; compare Middle Low German smāke, Old Frisian smaka.


helpe

Dutch: hulp

Limburgish: hölp

From Old Dutch helpa, from Proto-Germanic *helpō.


kint

Dutch: kind
Afrikaans: kind
Jersey Dutch: känt
Negerhollands: kind, kint, kin, ken
Skepi Creole Dutch: kente, kinte

Limburgish: kindj

From Old Dutch kint, from Proto-West Germanic *kind.


strate

Dutch: straat (see there for further descendants)

Limburgish: sjtraot, straot

From Old Dutch strāta, from Proto-West Germanic *strātu, from Latin strāta.


craye

Dutch: kraai
Afrikaans: kraai

Limburgish: krej

From Old Dutch *krāia, from Proto-Germanic *krēǭ.


voeder

Dutch: voeder, voer

Afrikaans: voer

Limburgish: voder, voor

From Old Dutch *fuoder, from Proto-West Germanic *fōdr (“fodder”).


voeder

Dutch: voer, voeder

From Old Dutch *fuoder, from Proto-West Germanic *fōdr (“sheath”).


voeder

Dutch: voer

From Old Dutch *fuoder, from Proto-West Germanic *fōdr.


doot

Dutch: dood

Afrikaans: dood

Limburgish: doead

From Old Dutch dōth, from Proto-West Germanic *dauþu, from Proto-Germanic *dauþuz.


kegel

kēgel (canonical)
kêgel (canonical masculine)

Dutch: kegel

Afrikaans: keël, kegel

Limburgish: kieëgel

→ Middle English: keyle, kayle
English: kayles
Yola: keillès, keilès

From Old Dutch *kegil, from Proto-West Germanic *kagil.


schildere

Dutch: schilder

Limburgish: sjèljer

someone who paints the coat of arms on a shield


gifte

Dutch: gift, gif

Limburgish: gif

From Old Dutch *gift, from Proto-West Germanic *gifti, from Proto-Germanic *giftiz.


tonge

Dutch: tong
Afrikaans: tong
Negerhollands: tong, toṅ, tung
→ Virgin Islands Creole: ton (dated)
Skepi Creole Dutch: tunk
→? Sranan Tongo: tongo
→ Aukan: tongo
→ Kwinti: tongo
→ Saramaccan: tongò

Limburgish: tóng

From Old Dutch tunga, from Proto-Germanic *tungǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s.


twivel

Dutch: twijfel

Limburgish: twiefel

From Old Dutch twīval, from Proto-West Germanic *twīfl.


berch

Dutch: berg
Afrikaans: berg
→ English: berg
Berbice Creole Dutch: berki
Jersey Dutch: bêrix
Negerhollands: berg, bergi
→ Virgin Islands Creole: berg, bergi
→ Aukan: beligi
→ Sranan Tongo: bergi
→ Caribbean Javanese: bérgi

Limburgish: berg

From Old Dutch berg, from Proto-West Germanic *berg.


weerwolf

wēerwolf (canonical masculine)
weerwolf (nominative singular)
weerwolve (nominative plural)
weerwolf (accusative singular)
weerwolve (accusative plural)
weerwolfs (genitive singular)
weerwolve (genitive plural)
weerwolve (dative singular)
weerwolven (dative plural)

Dutch: weerwolf
Afrikaans: weerwolf

From Old Dutch *werwulf, from Proto-West Germanic *werawulf. Equivalent to wēer + wolf.


kinne

Dutch: kin
Afrikaans: kin
Negerhollands: kin
→ Papiamentu: kenchi, kinnetje, kintsje (from the diminutive)

Limburgish: kin

→ German: Kiene (dialectal)

From Old Dutch kinni, from Proto-West Germanic *kinnu, from Proto-Germanic *kinnuz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénus.


cortois

A dog character in the story of Reynard the fox.


kerse

Dutch: kaars
Afrikaans: kers
Negerhollands: kaers, kės, keers

Limburgish: kaers, kaes

West Flemish: keise

→ Dutch Low Saxon: kaerse

From Old High German kerza, from either Latin cērāta or Latin charta.


kerse

Dutch: kers (see there for further descendants)

Limburgish: kèrs, kaes, kees

From Old Dutch *kirsa, from Latin ceresia.


kerse

Dutch: kers

From Old Dutch *kresso, from Proto-Germanic *krasjô, from Proto-Indo-European *gras-.


weke

Dutch: week
Afrikaans: week
Berbice Creole Dutch: weki
Jersey Dutch: wêk
Negerhollands: week
→ Lokono: wiki
→? Sranan Tongo: wiki
→ Aukan: wiki
→ Saramaccan: wíki

Limburgish: waek

From Old Dutch *wika, from Proto-West Germanic *wikā.


sanc

Dutch: zang

Limburgish: zank

From Old Dutch sang, from Proto-West Germanic *sangu.


erde

erde (nominative singular)
erde (accusative singular)
erden (genitive singular)
erde (dative singular)
erden (dative singular)

Dutch: aarde
Afrikaans: aarde
Negerhollands: aarde, adu, aerde
→ Virgin Islands Creole: adu, ard (archaic)
→ Indonesian: arde

Limburgish: aerd, aerj

From Old Dutch ertha, from Proto-Germanic *erþō.


legioen

Borrowed from Old French legion, from Latin legiō.


schole

schōle (canonical)
schôle (canonical feminine)

Dutch: school
Afrikaans: skool (see there for further descendants)
Berbice Creole Dutch: skul, sulu
Negerhollands: skoel, skool
Petjo: skola, sekola
→ Aukan: sikoo
→? Caribbean Hindustani: skul
→ Kwinti: skoro, skoo
→ Lokono: sulu
→ Papiamentu: skol, skool
→ Saramaccan: sikoò
→ Sranan Tongo: skoro
→ Dutch: skorro
→ Wayana: sikoro
→ Trió: sikora

Limburgish: sjoel, sjoeal

West Flemish: schole

Zealandic: schole

From Latin schola, from Ancient Greek σχολή (skholḗ).
The regular outcome of Proto-West Germanic *skōlu would be Middle Dutch schoele. While attested, this form is very rare, and – importantly – the spelling oe was also used for oo in Middle Dutch. No modern dialect (outside of Low Saxon areas) appears to continue such a form. Instead, the dialects vary between lengthened ō (e.g. Maastricht Limburgish sjaol) and originally long ô (e.g. other Limburgish sjoel, sjoeal). Similar deviations are also found in Ripuarian Schull and Luxembourgish Schoul.


schole

Dutch: school

Limburgish: sjool

From Old Dutch *skola, from Proto-West Germanic *skolu, from Proto-Germanic *skulō.


delf

Dutch: Delft

Delft (a city in the modern Netherlands)


streke

Dutch: streek

Afrikaans: streek

From Old Dutch *striki, from Proto-West Germanic *striki.


berste

From Old Dutch *bresti, from Proto-Germanic *brestuz.


vrage

Dutch: vraag
Afrikaans: vraag
Negerhollands: vraag

From Old Dutch *frāga, from Proto-West Germanic *frāgu.


feeste

Dutch: feest
Afrikaans: fees
Negerhollands: feesa
→ Dutch Low Saxon: feest
→ Javanese: fés
→ Sranan Tongo: fesa
→ Caribbean Javanese: fés
→ West Frisian: feestje (diminutive form)

Limburgish: fieës

West Flemish: fjiste

Borrowed from Old French feste, from Latin fēsta.


schoppe

Dutch: schop

Limburgish: sjöp

Middle English: scope, schoupe

English: scoop

From Old Dutch *skuppa, from Proto-Germanic *skupjō. Probably from the same source as modern schoep (“blade of a water wheel”)


ruste

Dutch: rust

Limburgish: rös

From Old Dutch *rusta, from Proto-Germanic *rustijō.


achte

Dutch: acht

Limburgish: ach

From Old Dutch *ahta, from Proto-West Germanic *ahtu.


achte

Dutch: acht

From Old Dutch *āhta, from Proto-West Germanic *ą̄htu, from Proto-Germanic *anhtō.


gest

Dutch: gist

Afrikaans: gis

Limburgish: ges

From Old Dutch *gest, *gist, from Proto-West Germanic *jestu.


eerde

ēerde (canonical feminine)
ēerde (nominative singular)
ēerde (accusative singular)
ēerden (genitive singular)
ēerde (dative singular)
ēerden (dative singular)


geleide

Dutch: geleide


erve

Dutch: erf
Afrikaans: erf
→ English: erf
Negerhollands: erfe
Petjo: erf

From Old Dutch ervi, from Proto-West Germanic *arbī, from Proto-Germanic *arbiją, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erbʰ-.

real estate, unmovable property (i.e. land and house), which belongs to oneself and can be inherited


oge

Dutch: oog

Limburgish: oug


tijden

Alternative spelling of tiden; inflection of tijt:


schelt

Dutch: Schelde


schilt

Dutch: schild

Afrikaans: skild

Limburgish: sjèldj, sjildj


schure

Dutch: schuur

Limburgish: sjuur

From Old Dutch skūra, from Proto-Germanic *skūrō.


tafele

Dutch: tafel
Afrikaans: tafel (see there for further descendants)
Berbice Creole Dutch: tafl
Jersey Dutch: tâfel
Negerhollands: tafel, tavul, tawul, taul, taful, tavl, taefel
→ Virgin Islands Creole: tavul (dated)
Skepi Creole Dutch: tafl
→ Aukan: tafaa
→ Saramaccan: táfu
→ Sranan Tongo: tafra
→ Lokono: tafolo
→ Caribbean Hindustani: tafrá
→ Caribbean Javanese: tafrah, taprah
→ Kari'na: tapara
→ Trió: tafra

Limburgish: taofel

From Old Dutch tavala, from Latin tabula.


tover

Dutch: tover

From Old Dutch *tōver, from Proto-West Germanic *taubr, from Proto-Germanic *taubrą.


trouwe

Dutch: trouw

Limburgish: troew

From Old Dutch *triuwa, from Proto-West Germanic *treuwu, from Proto-Germanic *trewwō.

sincerity, reliability, trustworthiness, honesty


vlamme

Dutch: vlam

Limburgish: vlam, vlaam

from Old Dutch flamma, from Old French flamme, from Latin flamma.


somer

Dutch: zomer

Afrikaans: somer

Limburgish: zómmer

West Flemish: zommer

From Old Dutch *sumar, from Proto-Germanic *sumaraz.


somer

From Old Dutch *sōmari, from Medieval Latin sagmārius.

pack, case (which is loaded onto and carried by a horse)


schult

Dutch: schuld

Limburgish: sjöldj

From Old Dutch skult, from Proto-Germanic *skuldiz.


wortele

Dutch: wortel (“root, carrot”)
Afrikaans: wortel (“carrot, square root”)
Negerhollands: wortel, wolter
Skepi Creole Dutch: wotl (“carrot”)
→ Indonesian: akar (“square root, root”) (semantic loan)
→ Indonesian: wortel (“carrot”)

Limburgish: wórtel

From Old Dutch *wurtala, from Proto-Germanic *wurt- (“root”) + *waluz (“stick”).


herte

Dutch: hart

Afrikaans: hart

Limburgish: hert

West Flemish: erte

From Old Dutch herta, from Proto-West Germanic *hertā.


vilt

Dutch: vilt

From Old Dutch *filt, from Proto-West Germanic *felt.


ratte

Dutch: rat, rot (Northern Dutch, dialectal)
Afrikaans: rot
Jersey Dutch: rot
Negerhollands: rotto, roto
→ Virgin Islands Creole: roto (dated)
→? Kari'na: alata (via Sranantongo, possibly from Spanish)
→? Saramaccan: alátu (possibly from Spanish)

Limburgish: rat

From Old Dutch *rato, *roto, from Frankish *ratt, *rato, from Proto-Germanic *rattaz (“rat”). Related to Old High German rato.


hovet

Dutch: hoofd
Afrikaans: hoof
→ Indonesian: hop
Negerhollands: hoofd

Limburgish: houf-, höjdj- (compounds only)

From Old Dutch hōvit, from Proto-Germanic *haubudą.


bedde

Dutch: bed
Afrikaans: bed
Berbice Creole Dutch: bedi
Negerhollands: bet, bedi, bere, bedde
→ Virgin Islands Creole: bedi (archaic)
Skepi Creole Dutch: bede
→ Caribbean Javanese: bèt
→? Mohegan-Pequot: beed
→ Papiamentu: bèt, bèchi, bèrchi, bed
→ Saramaccan: bédi
→? Sranan Tongo: bedi
→ Caribbean Hindustani: bedi
→ Caribbean Javanese: bèḍi
→ Kari'na: bedi

Limburgish: bèd

→ French: bedde (“matress”) (dialectal)

From Old Dutch bedde, from Proto-West Germanic *badi.


prophete

prophete (nominative singular)
propheten (nominative plural)
prophete (accusative singular)
propheten (accusative plural)
propheten (genitive singular)
propheten (genitive plural)
prophete (dative singular)
propheten (dative plural)

Dutch: profeet, propheet (archaic)
Afrikaans: profeet
Negerhollands: profeet
→ Papiamentu: profeet (dated)
→ Sranan Tongo: profeiti

Borrowed from Old French prophete, borrowed from Latin prophēta, borrowed from Ancient Greek προφήτης (prophḗtēs), from προ- (pro-) + φημί (phēmí) + -της (-tēs).


stoet

Dutch: stoet


slede

desctree

Dutch: slee, slede
Afrikaans: slee
→ English: sleigh
→ Papiamentu: slede (dated, from slede)

→ Middle English: sledde

English: sled, sledge

From Old Dutch *slido, from Proto-Germanic *slidô.


wijf

wijf (nominative singular)
wijf (nominative plural)
-ve (nominative plural)
wijf (accusative singular)
wijf (accusative plural)
-ve (accusative plural)
wijves (genitive singular)
-fs (genitive singular)
wijf (genitive plural)
-ve (genitive plural)
wijve (dative singular)
-en (dative singular)
wijve (dative plural)
-en (dative plural)

Dutch: wijf
Afrikaans: wyf
Jersey Dutch: wāif
Negerhollands: wief, wif
Skepi Creole Dutch: weef
Sranan Tongo: wefi

Limburgish: wief

West Flemish: wuuf

Zealandic: wuuf

From Old Dutch wīf, from Proto-West Germanic *wīb.


aerde

āerde (canonical feminine)
āerde (nominative singular)
āerde (accusative singular)
āerden (genitive singular)
āerde (dative singular)
āerden (dative singular)


bloet

Dutch: bloed
Afrikaans: bloed
Berbice Creole Dutch: blutu
Javindo: bloet
Skepi Creole Dutch: blut
→? Sranan Tongo: brudu
→ Aukan: buulu
→ Saramaccan: buúu

Limburgish: blood

From Old Dutch bluot, from Proto-West Germanic *blōd, from Proto-Germanic *blōþą.


bloeme

bloeme (nominative singular)
bloemen (nominative plural)
bloeme (accusative singular)
bloemen (accusative plural)
bloemen (genitive singular)
bloemen (genitive plural)
bloeme (dative singular)
bloemen (dative plural)

Dutch: bloem, blom, blomme (dialectal)
Afrikaans: bloem, blom
Negerhollands: bloem
→ Virgin Islands Creole: bluminstji (dated, from a diminutive form)
→ Sranan Tongo: blon (flour)
→ Aukan: bolon
→ Kari'na: polimin
→ Saramaccan: boón
→ Sranan Tongo: bromki (flower)
Aukan: boomiki
→ Kari'na: poromiki

Limburgish: bloom

West Flemish: blomme

Zealandic: blomme

From Old Dutch *bluomo, from Proto-West Germanic *blōmō.


siele

siele (nominative singular)
sielen (nominative plural)
siele (accusative singular)
sielen (accusative plural)
sielen (genitive singular)
sielen (genitive plural)
siele (dative singular)
sielen (dative singular)
sielen (dative plural)

Dutch: ziel

Afrikaans: siel

Limburgish: zeel

From Old Dutch sēla, *sēola, *siola, from Proto-Germanic *saiwalō.

Erlosen sal hi in vrede siele mine van dien die genaken mi, want onder menegen hi was met mi.

He shall deliver in peace my soul from those who attack me, for amongst many he was with me.


smit

smed- (stem)
smit (nominative singular)
smede (nominative plural)
smit (accusative singular)
smede (accusative plural)
smits (genitive singular)
smede (genitive plural)
smede (dative singular)
smeden (dative plural)

Dutch: smid
Afrikaans: smid
Negerhollands: smid
→ Munsee: shumát
→ Papiamentu: smet, smid
→ Sranan Tongo: smeti, smitti
→ Saramaccan: simítima
→ Unami: shëmìt, shmìt

Limburgish: smeid, smieëd


diefte

diefte (nominative singular)
dieften (nominative plural)
diefte (accusative singular)
dieften (accusative plural)
dieften (genitive singular)
dieften (genitive plural)
diefte (dative singular)
dieften (dative singular)
dieften (dative plural)

Dutch: diefte (dialectal)

Afrikaans: diefte

From Old Dutch *thiuvitha, *thiofta, from Proto-Germanic *þiubiþō.


bruun

From Old Dutch *brūn, from Proto-West Germanic *brūn.

A bear character in the story of Reynard the fox.


vrecht

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


wech

Dutch: weg
Afrikaans: weg

Limburgish: waeg

From Old Dutch weg, from Proto-Germanic *wegaz.


cleve

Dutch: Kleef

Limburgish: Kleef

desc

⇒ Middle High German: Cleve (influenced)

German: Kleve

Related to clef (“cliff”); the town is one of the highest points in the region.

1432 CE, Brabantsche Yeesten book VI

After she was left widow of the count of Cleves, her husband

na dat si weduwe bleven was van den greve van cleve haren man


swevel

desctree

Dutch: zwavel
Afrikaans: swawel
Negerhollands: swafel
→ Sranan Tongo: swafru, swarfu
→ Aukan: swalufu
→ Kari'na: suwapulu
→ Saramaccan: suwálufu

Limburgish: zwaevel

→ West Frisian: swevel

From Old Dutch *sweval, from Proto-Germanic *sweblaz.


iser

Dutch: ijzer
Afrikaans: yster
Berbice Creole Dutch: isiri
Jersey Dutch: äize
Negerhollands: iser, izu
Skepi Creole Dutch: isir
→ Aukan: insii
→ Sranan Tongo: isri
→ Caribbean Hindustani: isri
→ Caribbean Javanese: isri

Limburgish: iezer

West Flemish: yzer

From Old Dutch īsern, from Proto-West Germanic *īsarn.


sterre

Dutch: ster
Afrikaans: ster
Negerhollands: ster
→ Indonesian: seter

Limburgish: stèr, stèrn

West Flemish: sterre

From Old Dutch sterro, sterno, from Proto-West Germanic *sternō, from Proto-Germanic *sternô, *sternǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr.


timmer

Dutch: timmer

Limburgish: tömber, tömmer

From Old Dutch *timmer, from Proto-West Germanic *timr, from Proto-Germanic *timrą, from Proto-Indo-European *dem- (“build, house”).

der

building, construction (especially of wood)

material that a building is built out of


vaert

Dutch: vaart

Limburgish: vaart, vaartj

From Old Dutch farth, fard, from Proto-West Germanic *fardi.


geer

Dutch: geer

From Old Dutch *gēr, from Proto-West Germanic *gaiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *gaizaz.


viant

desctree

Dutch: vijand
Afrikaans: vyand
Negerhollands: vyand, vieand
→ Sranan Tongo: feyanti
→ Aukan: feyanti
→ Saramaccan: feántima

Limburgish: vieënd, vieëndj

From Old Dutch fīand, from Proto-Germanic *fijandz.


beke

Dutch: beek

Limburgish: baek

From Old Dutch beki, from Proto-West Germanic *baki, from Proto-Germanic *bakiz (“brook, beach”).


ael

Dutch: aal

Limburgish: aol

From Old Dutch *āl, from Proto-West Germanic *āl.


swijn

Dutch: zwijn
Afrikaans: swyn

Limburgish: zwien

From Old Dutch *swīn, from Proto-West Germanic *swīn.


dichtere

Dutch: dichter

Limburgish: dichter


water

wāter (canonical neuter)
wāter (nominative singular)
wātre (nominative plural)
wāter (accusative singular)
wātre (accusative plural)
wāters (genitive singular)
wātre (genitive plural)
wāter (dative singular)
-tere (dative singular)
wātre (dative plural)

Dutch: water
Afrikaans: water
Javindo: water
Negerhollands: watu, water, water, waeter
Petjo: watter
Skepi Creole Dutch: water
→? Sranan Tongo: watra
→ Aukan: wataa
→ Saramaccan: wáta

Limburgish: water

West Flemish: woater

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wed-
Proto-Indo-European *-r̥
Proto-Indo-European *wódr̥
Proto-Germanic *watōr
Proto-West Germanic *watar
Old Dutch watar
Middle Dutch water
From Old Dutch watar.


hovetstat

Dutch: hoofdstad

Afrikaans: hoofstad

Limburgish: houfstad, höjdjstad

From hôvet (“head”) + stat (“place, town”).

the most prominent town or city in a region


adere

desctree

Dutch: ader, aar (dialectal), aâr (obsolete)
Afrikaans: aar
Negerhollands: ader, aar
→ Papiamentu: ader, ardu

Limburgish: aoder, aor

From Old Dutch *āthera, from Proto-West Germanic *ādrā.


vrouwe

Dutch: vrouwe (“lady”), vrouw (“woman”)
Afrikaans: vrou
→ English: vrou
Negerhollands: vro, vrou, frou, fru, vrow
→ Virgin Islands Creole: fru (dated)
→ Aukan: folow
→ English: vrouw
→ Sranan Tongo: frow
→ Indonesian: perawan (“virgin”)

Limburgish: vrów

West Flemish: vrouwe

Zealandic: vrouwe

→ English: frow


dracht

Dutch: dracht

Limburgish: drach

From Old Dutch *draht, from Proto-Germanic *drahtuz.

things brought to fill or raise ground (in e.g. a defence)


wede

Dutch: wede

Isatis tinctoria
Isatis tinctoria#Translingual


wede

Dutch: wede

From Old Dutch *widu, from Proto-Germanic *widuz.


gevadere

Dutch: gevader

From Old Dutch *gefadero, from Proto-West Germanic *gafadurjō (literally “co-father”).

inh

Groot en loom zijn ghevaders of cozijns.

Great and lazy are the godfathers or cousins.


lichtvat

Dutch: lichtvat

From Old Dutch liehtfat (“lamp”). Equivalent to licht (“light”) + vat (“vat, vessel”).


smout

Dutch: smout

West Flemish: smout

from Old Dutch *smalt, from Proto-West Germanic *smalt.


kerke

kerke (nominative singular)
kerken (nominative plural)
kerke (accusative singular)
kerken (accusative plural)
kerken (genitive singular)
kerken (genitive plural)
kerke (dative singular)
kerken (dative singular)
kerken (dative plural)

Dutch: kerk (see there for further descendants)

Limburgish: kèrk

From Old Dutch kirica, from Proto-West Germanic *kirikā, an early borrowing from Ancient Greek κυριακόν (kuriakón).


erwete

Dutch: erwt

West Flemish: erwete, errewete

From Old Dutch *erewit, *erwit, from Proto-West Germanic *arwīt.


hase

desctree

Dutch: haas
Afrikaans: haas
Jersey Dutch: hâśe (from the diminutive)

Limburgish: haas

From Old Dutch *haso, from Proto-Germanic *hasô.


hinnen

inflection of hinne:
genitive/dative singular


portere

Dutch: poorter

Ende den scepenen van velseke teuoirst dat der boidin molniser van dalle(m) vercochte den hare henricke van den putte portere van ghint...

And to the aldermen of velseke foremost, that the lord Boidin Molniser of Dallem sold to the lord Henrick van den Putte, citizen of Ghent...


muus

Dutch: muis
Afrikaans: muis
Jersey Dutch: mäus
Negerhollands: mischi, miśi, muśi
→ Caribbean Hindustani: mus
→ Sranan Tongo: moismoisi

Limburgish: moes

From Old Dutch *mūs, from Proto-West Germanic *mūs, from Proto-Germanic *mūs.


soom

Dutch: zoom

From Old Dutch *sōm, from Proto-West Germanic *saum, from Proto-Germanic *saumaz.


bergen op den soom

Dutch: Bergen op Zoom

Bergen op Zoom (a city in the modern Netherlands)


rome

Dutch: Rome
Afrikaans: Rome

Limburgish: Roeme

From Old Dutch and Frankish *Rōma, from Proto-West Germanic *Rūmu, from Proto-Germanic *Rūmō.


reke

West Flemish: reke

From Old Dutch *recken, from Proto-West Germanic *rakkjan (“to straighten”). Related to modern rak (“to stretch”).


reke

From Old Dutch *reko, from Proto-Germanic *rekô.


visch

visch (nominative singular)
vische (nominative plural)
visch (accusative singular)
vische (accusative plural)
visches (genitive singular)
vische (genitive plural)
vische (dative singular)
vischen (dative plural)

desctree

Dutch: vis, visch (before 1934)
Afrikaans: vis
Berbice Creole Dutch: fesi
Jersey Dutch: väśe
Negerhollands: visch, vesch, fes, fis, vis
→ Virgin Islands Creole: fis (dated)
Skepi Creole Dutch: fesi, fisse, fiche
Petjo: fis
→? Aukan: fisi

Limburgish: visj, vèsj

West Flemish: vissch

From Old Dutch fisc, from Proto-West Germanic *fisk, from Proto-Germanic *fiskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *peysk-.


swager

Dutch: zwager
Afrikaans: swaer
Berbice Creole Dutch: swagri
Negerhollands: swaeger
→ Papiamentu: swa, sua
→ Dutch: swa
→ Sranan Tongo: swagri
→ Aukan: swagi
→ Caribbean Javanese: swagri
→ Saramaccan: suwági

Limburgish: zwaoger

From Old Dutch *swāgar, from Proto-West Germanic *swāgr, from Proto-Germanic *swēgraz.


onger

Dutch: Honger, Onger


edic

Dutch: edik

Afrikaans: edik

Limburgish: aek

From Old Dutch etig, from Proto-West Germanic *atek, metathesized variant of *aket, from Latin acētum, with metathesis.


hont

Dutch: hond
Afrikaans: hond
Berbice Creole Dutch: hondo
Jersey Dutch: hônt
Negerhollands: hond, hon, hont, hun
→ Virgin Islands Creole: hont (dated)

Limburgish: hóndj

(derogatory) despicable, worthless person


hont

Dutch: hond, hont

From Old Dutch *hunt (“hundred”), from Proto-Germanic *hundą, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.

an area of 100 square rods, approximately 0.14 hectares or 1400 m²


varwe

Dutch: verf
Afrikaans: verf
Negerhollands: verw
→ Papiamentu: fèrfdó
→ Sranan Tongo: ferfi
→ Aukan: felifi
→ Caribbean Hindustani: verfi
→ Saramaccan: féifi

Limburgish: varf

From Old Dutch *farwa, from Proto-West Germanic *faru.


blide

Dutch: blijde


eike

Dutch: eik

Limburgish: èèk, eik

From Old Dutch *eik, from Proto-Germanic *aiks, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyǵ- (“oak”).


achternoene

Dutch: achternoen

West Flemish: achternoene


noene

Dutch: noen

Limburgish: noon

West Flemish: noene

Borrowed from Latin nōna (hōra) (“ninth hour”).


boucken

Alternative spelling of boeken; dative plural of boec


boec

Dutch: boek (see there for further descendants)

Limburgish: book

→ Middle French: boucquain (via diminutive forms *boeckin, *boeckijn)
French: bouquin

From Old Dutch buoc, from Proto-Germanic *bōks.


dorpren

Alternative form of dorperen; dative plural of dorpere


dorpere

Dutch: dorper


nichte

Dutch: nicht, (obsolete, Holland) nift, nifte
Afrikaans: niggie (from the Hollandic diminutive nichie)
Negerhollands: nechi, nechtje, negje

Limburgish: nich

→ West Frisian: nicht

From Old Dutch *nift, from Proto-Germanic *niftiz.


moeye

Dutch: moei

Byform of Middle Dutch moene, moeme, from Old Dutch *mōma, *muoma, from Proto-Germanic *mōmǭ (“mother; maternal aunt”).


haer

desctree

Dutch: haar, (obsolete) haer, haeir, haair
Afrikaans: haar

Limburgish: haor

Zealandic: aer

From Old Dutch hār, from Proto-West Germanic *hār.


hollant

Dutch: Holland


antwerpen

Dutch: Antwerpen


haerlem

Dutch: Haarlem

Haarlem (a city in the modern Netherlands)


gelre

Dutch: Gelre


dordrecht

Dutch: Dordrecht

Dordrecht (a city in the modern Netherlands)


die hage

Dutch: Den Haag

The Hague (a city in the modern Netherlands)


aemstelredam

Dutch: Amsterdam

Amsterdam (a city in the modern Netherlands)


utrecht

Dutch: Utrecht

Utrecht (a city in the modern Netherlands)


rotterdam

Dutch: Rotterdam

Rotterdam (a city in the modern Netherlands)


ludeke

Dutch: Luik

Limburgish: Luuk

Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire#English

Liège (a former bishopric in the Holy Roman Empire)


limborch

Dutch: Limburg

Limburgish: Lèmbörg

The second element is borch (“stronghold, fortress”). The first element is of disputed origin:
* Proto-West Germanic *lindu (“lime tree”)
* archaic/obsolete lint meaning "snake, dragon," for which see lindworm
* Latin limes (“boundary, limit, edge”), a Roman-era name for its location at the boundary of the empire.
* the noun lijm (“lime, glue, sludge”)
* named by its founder Frederick, Duke of Lower Lorraine after Limburg Abbey in Bad Dürkheim, Germany, itself possibly from one of the words above (however, also compare the river Linth).

der

Frederick, Duke of Lower Lorraine
Limburg Abbey


vlaendren

Dutch: Vlaanderen

→ German: Flandern

→ Swedish: Flandern

→ Old French: Flandres

French: Flandre, Flandres

→ Greek: Φλάνδρα (Flándra)

→ Georgian: ფლანდრია (plandria)

→ Polish: Flandria

→ Portuguese: Flandres

→ Romanian: Flandra

→ Middle English: Flaunders

English: Flanders

From Old Dutch *flāmdra-, from Old Frisian *flāmdra-, from Proto-Germanic *flaumaz. See also vlaemsch (“Flemish”).


brabant

Dutch: Brabant

From Old Dutch *brākbant (attested in Medieval Latin as pāgus brācbatensis, Bracbantum, Bracbantia), from Frankish, a compound of Proto-Germanic *brēk-, *brekaną (“fallow, originally 'to break'”) + *bant-, *bantō, *banti (“district, region”), which could be from Proto-Indo-European *bʰonHdeₕ₂-, *bʰonHdos- (“useful, beneficial, good”), from *bʰHdús-.
Compare modern Dutch braak (“fallow”) and Lithuanian bandà (“herd, flock”).


brugge

Dutch: brug, Brugge

Afrikaans: brug

→ Papiamentu: brùg

Limburgish: brögk

From Old Dutch brugga, from Proto-Germanic *brugjǭ.


schotlant

Dutch: Schotland


sutfen

Zutphen (a city and county in the modern Netherlands)


vrankerike

Dutch: Frankrijk


henegouwen

Dutch: Henegouwen


engelant

desctree

> Dutch: Engeland (inherited)
→ Lokono: Engelanta


rijn

Dutch: Rijn

Limburgish: Rien

From Old Dutch *Rīn, from Proto-West Germanic *Rīn.


reynaerde

Alternative spelling of reināerde; dative singular of reināert


grongaerde

Alternative spelling of gronjāerde; nominative/accusative/genitive plural of gronjāert


hovesscheden

Alternative spelling of hōveschhêden; inflection of hōveschheit:


daghe

Alternative spelling of dāge; inflection of dach:


hoveschheit

Dutch: hoofsheid

courtliness, way of acting in a noble court


reinaert

Dutch: Reinaard

From Old Dutch *reinard, *reginard, from Proto-Germanic *raginaharduz.


coninc

cōninc (canonical masculine)
coninc (nominative singular)
coninghe (nominative plural)
coninc (accusative singular)
coninghe (accusative plural)
conincs (genitive singular)
coninghe (genitive plural)
coninghe (dative singular)
coninghen (dative plural)

Dutch: koning
Afrikaans: koning
Negerhollands: koning, kiniṅ
→ Mohegan-Pequot: kunnung
→ Sranan Tongo: kownu
→ Lokono: kónoe
→ Aukan: konu
→ Kari'na: konu

Limburgish: keuning

From Old Dutch cuninc, from Proto-West Germanic *kuning, from Proto-Germanic *kuningaz.


eencoren

Dutch: eekhoorn
Afrikaans: eekhoring
Jersey Dutch: än-kôrn, än̈kôrn
→ Papiamentu: eekhoorn

From earlier êcōren, modified by folk etymology. From Old Dutch *ēkorno, from Proto-West Germanic *aikwernō.


wesel

Dutch: wezel

Afrikaans: wesel

Limburgish: wezel, wieëzel

From Old Dutch *wisula, *wisala, from Proto-Germanic *wisulǭ.


eeren

Alternative spelling of êren; genitive/dative singular of êre


nachte

inflection of nacht:
nominative/accusative/genitive plural


sinxene

Dutch: Sinksen

Borrowed from Old French cinquiesme (“fifthieth”).


sconinx

Misspelling of cōninx (after a word ending in s).


baerde

inflection of bāert:
nominative/accusative/genitive plural


baert

Dutch: baard
Afrikaans: baard
Negerhollands: baard
→ Virgin Islands Creole: bad (archaic)
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: barde
→ West Frisian: baard

Limburgish: baerd

From Old Dutch *bart, from Proto-Germanic *bardaz, Proto-Indo-European *bʰardʰ-eh₂.


clage

From Old Dutch *klaga, from Proto-Germanic *klagō.


maech

mâech (canonical masculine)
maech (nominative singular)
maeche (nominative plural)
maech (accusative singular)
maeche (accusative plural)
maeches (genitive singular)
maeche (genitive plural)
maeche (dative singular)
maechen (dative plural)

Dutch: maag

From Old Dutch *māg, from Proto-West Germanic *māg.


gronjaerde

nominative/accusative/genitive plural of gronjāert


hoveschheden

inflection of hōveschheit:
genitive/dative singular

inflection of hōveschheit:
dative plural


arnout

Dutch: Arnoud, Arnout


isengrijn

Dutch: ijzegrim, iezegrim

A wolf character in the story of Reynard the fox.


edelheit

Dutch: edelheid


willem

> Dutch: Willem (inherited)
> Afrikaans: Willem (inherited)
Japanese: ウィレム (Wiremu)
Korean: 빌럼 (Billeom)
Toba Batak: ᯅᯪᯞ᯲ᯞᯩᯔ᯲ (Billem)


lachter

Dutch: lachter

From Old Dutch *lahtar, from Proto-Germanic *lahtraz, a variant form of *lahtrą, from the root of *lahaną (“to blame, fault, reproach”).


kindre

nominative/accusative/dative plural of kint


maent

Dutch: maand

Limburgish: maondj

From Old Dutch *mānoth, from Proto-West Germanic *mānōþ.


broot

Dutch: brood
Afrikaans: brood
Berbice Creole Dutch: broto
Jersey Dutch: brôt
Negerhollands: brood, brot
Skepi Creole Dutch: brot

Limburgish: broead

From Old Dutch *brōt, from Proto-Germanic *braudą.


vloet

Dutch: vloed
Afrikaans: vloed
Berbice Creole Dutch: flutu
Javindo: floed

Limburgish: vlood

From Old Dutch fluot, from Proto-West Germanic *flōdu.


maendach

Dutch: maandag
Afrikaans: Maandag
Berbice Creole Dutch: mandaka
Jersey Dutch: Mândix
Negerhollands: maendag, maandag
Skepi Creole Dutch: móndak
→ Lokono: mandakha, mondakha
→ Mohegan-Pequot: mundetar
→ Trió: mandi
Sotho: mantaha

Limburgish: maondig

West Flemish: moandag

From Old Dutch *mānendag, from Proto-West Germanic *mānini dag.


nortsee

Dutch: Noordzee


sudersee

Dutch: Zuiderzee


oostsee

Dutch: Oostzee


onsculde

Alternative spelling of onschulde; inflection of onschult:


onschulde

inflection of onschult:
nominative/accusative/dative plural


leede

Alternative spelling of lêde; dative singular of lêet


onschult

Dutch: onschuld


percament

Dutch: perkament


waen

Dutch: waan
Afrikaans: waan

Limburgish: waan

From Old Dutch wān, from Proto-West Germanic *wāni, from Proto-Germanic *wēniz.

opinion, feeling, hunch (without evidence)


morseel

Dutch: morseel


bejach

Dutch: bejag


tibeert

A cat character in the story of Reynard the fox.


fransois

Borrowed from Old French françois, François.


fransois

Dutch: fransoos


quaet

Dutch: kwaad

Afrikaans: kwaad

Limburgish: kwaod

From Old Dutch *kwāt, from Proto-West Germanic *kwād.


cuwaert

Borrowed from Old French cuard (“coward”).

A hare character in the story of Reynard the fox.


mordenare

Dutch: moordenaar


overdaet

Dutch: overdaad


reynaerts

Alternative spelling of reināerts; genitive of reināert


capellaen

Dutch: kapelaan

Borrowed from Medieval Latin cappellānus.


vaerde

inflection of vāert:
nominative/accusative/genitive plural


tijt

Dutch: tijd
Afrikaans: tyd
Berbice Creole Dutch: titi
Javindo: tet
Jersey Dutch: tāid, tāidt
Negerhollands: tied, tid, tit
Skepi Creole Dutch: teit

Limburgish: tied

Zealandic: tied

From Old Dutch tīt, from Proto-Germanic *tīdiz.


hanthave

West Flemish: andoave


donre

Dutch: donder
Afrikaans: donder
Negerhollands: donner, dondu
→ Virgin Islands Creole: dondu (dated)
→ Papiamentu: dònder, donder
→ Sranan Tongo: dondru
Aukan: dondoo, donduu

Limburgish: dónder, dónjer

West Flemish: dunder

From Old Dutch *thunar, from Proto-West Germanic *þunr.


buuc

Dutch: buik
Afrikaans: buik
Negerhollands: buk, big, bik
Skepi Creole Dutch: buk

Limburgish: boek

West Flemish: buuk

Zealandic: buuk

From Old Dutch būc, from Proto-Germanic *būkaz.


gebuur

Dutch: gebuur

West Flemish: gebeur

From Old Dutch *gibūr. Equivalent to ge- + buur.


persijn

West Flemish: persyn


poreye

Dutch: prei

West Flemish: pret


lijste

Dutch: lijst

Limburgish: lies

From Old Dutch *līsta, from Proto-Germanic *līstǭ.


rugge

Dutch: rug
Afrikaans: rug
Jersey Dutch: rœx
Negerhollands: rugge, rigi, rege

Limburgish: rögk

West Flemish: rik, rugge

From Old Dutch ruggi, from Proto-Germanic *hrugjaz.


slecke

Dutch: slak

Limburgish: slak

West Flemish: slekke

From Old Dutch *slekki, from Proto-Germanic *slikkō, perhaps related to the root of slijk (“mud”), if referring to its slipperiness.


slotel

Dutch: sleutel
Afrikaans: sleutel
Berbice Creole Dutch: slotro, slutro
Negerhollands: sleuter, sleetel
→ Lokono: shilotoro
→ Aukan: sooto
→ Saramaccan: sòotó
→ Sranan Tongo: sroto, slotto
→ Caribbean Javanese: sroto
→ Trió: soroto
→ Warao: sidyotóre, sidiotore

Limburgish: släötel

West Flemish: sloter

From Old Dutch *slutil, from Proto-West Germanic *slutil.


vledermuus

Dutch: vleermuis

Limburgish: vlaedermoes


dropel

Dutch: druppel

Limburgish: dróppel

From Old Dutch *drupil, from Proto-Germanic *drupilaz.


vleder

West Flemish: vleire

From Old Dutch [Term?], from Proto-Germanic *fleþarô (“wing”), probably related to *fifaldǭ (“butterfly”).


ribbe

Dutch: rib

West Flemish: rebbe

From Old Dutch *ribba, from Proto-West Germanic *ribi, from Proto-Germanic *ribjō.


schoe

Dutch: schoen (plural reanalysed as singular)

Limburgish: sjoon (plural reanalysed as singular)

From Old Dutch skuo, from Proto-Germanic *skōhaz.


latijn

Dutch: Latijn

Limburgish: Letien


avont

Dutch: avond
Afrikaans: aand
Berbice Creole Dutch: tafn
Jersey Dutch: âvond
Negerhollands: avond, navont

Limburgish: aovendj

From Old Dutch āvont, from Proto-West Germanic *ābanþ.

evening (starting an hour before sunset, considered the start of a new day)


balch

Dutch: balg
→ French: blague, blaque (obsolete)
→ Italian: blaga, → blague
→ Polish: blaga


beelde

bēelde (canonical feminine masculine neuter)

Dutch: beeld
Afrikaans: beeld
Negerhollands: beeld

Limburgish: beildj

→ Latvian: bilde (or from Middle Low German)

From Old Dutch bilithi, from Proto-West Germanic *biliþī.


cnie

Dutch: knie

Afrikaans: knie

Limburgish: kneen (plural reanalysed as singular)

From Old Dutch *cnio, from Proto-West Germanic *kneu, from Proto-Germanic *knewą.


berke

Dutch: berk
Afrikaans: berk

Limburgish: bèrk

From Old Dutch *berka, from Proto-West Germanic *berku.


cruut

Dutch: kruid
Afrikaans: kruid
Negerhollands: kruid

Dutch: kruit
Berbice Creole Dutch: kriti
Negerhollands: krut
Afrikaans: kruit

Limburgish: kroed

From Old Dutch krūd, from Proto-West Germanic *krūd.

plant, vegetation, herb (as opposed to a tree)


draet

Dutch: draad
Afrikaans: draad
→ Aukan: dalati
→ Caribbean Javanese: drat
→ Indonesian: drat (“screw thread”)
→ Papiamentu: drat, drachi

Limburgish: draod

From Old Dutch *thrād, from Proto-Germanic *þrēduz.


daet

Dutch: daad

Limburgish: daod

From Old Dutch dāt, from Proto-West Germanic *dādi.


casteel

Dutch: kasteel
Afrikaans: kasteel
Negerhollands: kastell
→ Mahican: găstēnik
→ Malay: kastil
Indonesian: kastel, kastil
→ Papiamentu: kastel
→ West Frisian: kastiel

Limburgish: kestieël

West Flemish: kastêel, kastjil

→ Middle High German: kastēl

German: Kastell (partially)

Borrowed from Old Northern French castel, from Latin castellum.


doec

Dutch: doek
Afrikaans: doek
→ English: doek
→ Shona: dhuku
Berbice Creole Dutch: duku
Jersey Dutch: duk
Negerhollands: doek, doekoe
→ Akan: duku
→ Nkonya: duku
→ Wali (Ghana): ’duuku
→ Akebu: ɖuku-yǝ (via an intermediary language)
→ Lokono: doko
→ Aukan: duku
→ English: duck, dook
→ Fon: dukwí
→ Indonesian: duk
→ Japanese: ズック
→ Mbelime: dukìhṵ̀ (via an intermediary language)
→ Nawdm: dukŋa (via an intermediary language)
→ Scots: dook
→ Sranan Tongo: duku
→ Caribbean Javanese: duku
→ Dutch: doekoe

Limburgish: dook

From Old Dutch *duoc, from Proto-West Germanic *dōk.


broec

Dutch: broek
Afrikaans: broek (see there for further descendants)
Berbice Creole Dutch: bruku
Negerhollands: broek, bruk
→ Akawaio: puuruukuu (via Skepi Creole Dutch)
→ Javanese: ꦧꦿꦸꦏ꧀ (bruk)
→ Lokono: boróko
→ Kupang Malay: baruk, bruk
→ Munsee: pălóok
→ Papiamentu: bruki (from the diminutive)
→ Pemon: puuruukuu (via Skepi Creole Dutch)
→ Russian: брюки (brjuki)
→ Sranan Tongo: bruku (see there for further descendants)

From Old Dutch *bruoc, from Proto-West Germanic *brōk.


broec

Dutch: broek

Limburgish: brook


parijs

Dutch: Parijs

Limburgish: Peries


vossinne

Dutch: vossin


draf

Dutch: draf

From Old Dutch *draf, from Proto-Germanic *drabaz.


draf

Dutch: draf


borch

Dutch: burg, burcht

Afrikaans: burg

Limburgish: bórg, börch


sege

Dutch: zege

From Old Dutch *sigi, from Proto-Germanic *segaz.


vrient

vrient (nominative singular)
vriende (nominative plural)
vrienden (nominative plural)
vrient (nominative plural)
vrient (accusative singular)
vriende (accusative plural)
vrienden (accusative plural)
vrient (accusative plural)
vriends (genitive singular)
vrients (genitive singular)
vriende (genitive plural)
vrienden (genitive plural)
vriende (dative singular)
vrient (dative singular)
vrienden (dative plural)

Dutch: vriend, vrind
Afrikaans: vriend
Berbice Creole Dutch: frindi
Javindo: friend
Jersey Dutch: vrînt
Negerhollands: vriend, vrient
Petjo: pring (archaic)

Limburgish: vröndj

From Old Dutch friunt, from Proto-West Germanic *friund.


harinc

Dutch: haring
Afrikaans: haring
Negerhollands: heriṅ
→ Caribbean Hindustani: eleng
→ Papiamentu: hering

Limburgish: hieëring

From Old Dutch *hāring, from Proto-West Germanic *hāring.


antworde

Dutch: antwoord

Limburgish: antjwaord, antjwaordj

From Old Dutch andworde, from Proto-Germanic *andawurdiją.

accountability (in the sense of "answer to")


blankenberge

Dutch: Blankenberge


alcmaer

Dutch: Alkmaar

Alkmaar (a city in the modern Netherlands)


aelst

Dutch: Aalst


culenborch

Dutch: Kuilenburg

→ Dutch: Culemborg

Culemborg (a city in the modern Netherlands)


axele

Dutch: Axel


colne

Dutch: Keulen


cassel

Dutch: Kassel


dinc

Dutch: ding
Afrikaans: ding
Berbice Creole Dutch: dinggi
Jersey Dutch: däng

Limburgish: dink, ding

matter, affair, question, what one is involved in


taerte

Dutch: taart, taert (obsolete), teert (archaic, Northern, now dialectal)
Afrikaans: tert
→ Indonesian: tar
Petjo: taart


danc

Dutch: dank

Limburgish: dank

From Old Dutch *thank, from Proto-Germanic *þankaz.


coeke

Dutch: koek
Afrikaans: koek
→ Sotho: kuku
Berbice Creole Dutch: kuku
Jersey Dutch: kuk
→ Sranan Tongo: kuku
→ Lokono: kuku
→ Aukan: kuku
→ Caribbean Hindustani: kuku
→ Caribbean Javanese: kuku
→ Kwinti: kúku
→ Saramaccan: kúku

⇒ Dutch: koekje, koekie (colloquial) (diminutive)
→ English: cookie (see there for further descendants)
Negerhollands: koeki, kuki, kukkie

Limburgish: kook

→ Bourguignon: couque

→ French: couque

French: cocagne

→? English: Cockaigne

→ Picard: couque

From Old Dutch *kuoko, from Proto-Germanic *kōkô.


schepenen

nominative/accusative/genitive/dative plural of schēpen


velseke

Dutch: Velzeke

Ende den scepenen van velseke teuoirst dat der boidin molniser van dalle(m) vercochte den hare henricke van den putte portere van ghint...


hoere

Dutch: hoer
Afrikaans: hoer
Negerhollands: hoer, hoerer, hurer, hu, huer
→ Virgin Islands Creole: huur (dated)
→ Sranan Tongo: huru

Limburgish: hoor

From Old Dutch *huora, from Proto-Germanic *hōrǭ.


aristotiles

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀριστοτέλης (Aristotélēs).


albrecht

Dutch: Albrecht

From Proto-West Germanic *aþal (“nobility”) + *berht (“bright”), equivalent to modern Dutch adel + Brecht.


jacob

Dutch: Jacob, Jakob, Jacobus, Jakobus
Afrikaans: Jacob, Jakob, Jacobus, Jakobus
Afrikaans: Cobus, Kobus, Jaco, Jako, Koos

Borrowed from Late Latin Iacobus, from Ancient Greek Ἰάκωβος (Iákōbos), from Hebrew יעקב (ya'aqóbh, literally “he will/shall heel”).


cleet

Dutch: kleed, kleren

Limburgish: kleid, kleier

From Old Dutch *klēth, from Proto-Germanic *klaiþą.


cnoop

Dutch: knoop

Limburgish: knoup

From Old Dutch *knōp, from Proto-Germanic *knaupaz, related to *knuttô (“knot”).


plaetse

plāetse (canonical)
plâetse (canonical feminine)

Dutch: plaats (see there for further descendants)

Limburgish: plaotsj, plaatsj

→ West Frisian: pleats


rooc

Dutch: rook

Limburgish: rouk

From Old Dutch *rōk, from Proto-West Germanic *rauki.


schaec

Dutch: schaak

Limburgish: sjaak (with a rather than expected ao)

→? Middle High German: schāch

German: Schach

From Old Dutch *skāk, from Latin scaccus, from Classical Persian شاه (šāh, “king”).


vlade

Dutch: vla, vlade

Afrikaans: vla

Limburgish: vlaaj

→ Dutch: vlaai (or inherited)

From Old Dutch *flatho, *flatha, from Proto-West Germanic *flaþō.


spoet

Dutch: spoed

From Old Dutch *spuot, from Proto-West Germanic *spōdi.


vorke

desctree

Dutch: vork
Afrikaans: vurk
→? Sotho: fereko
→ Xhosa: ifolokhwe
Berbice Creole Dutch: forku, foruku
Negerhollands: vork
→ Caribbean Javanese: forok
→ Indonesian: porok
→ Papiamentu: fòrki (from the diminutive)
→? Sranan Tongo: forku
→ Aukan: foluku
→ Caribbean Hindustani: forku, phorku
→ Saramaccan: folúku
→ Manado Malay: forok

From Old Dutch furka, from Proto-West Germanic *furkō, from Latin furca.

fork (pronged tool, sometimes for eating)


wolke

Dutch: wolk
Afrikaans: wolk
Negerhollands: wolk
→ Sranan Tongo: wolku
→ Aukan: woluku
→ Saramaccan: wolúku

Limburgish: wólk

From Old Dutch wulko, from Proto-West Germanic *wolkn.


roec

Dutch: roek

From Old Dutch *ruok, from Proto-Germanic *hrōkaz.


duve

Dutch: duif
Afrikaans: duif
Negerhollands: dufje, difi, diffie
→ Sranan Tongo: doifi

Limburgish: doef

From Old Dutch dūva, from Proto-West Germanic *dūbā.


mewe

Dutch: meeuw

Limburgish: mieëw

From Old Dutch *mēo, from Proto-Germanic *maiwaz.


vleesch

Dutch: vlees, vleesch (obsolete), vleis (dialectal, Eastern Netherlands, North Holland)
Afrikaans: vleis
Negerhollands: vleesch, fleis, vleis
→ West Frisian: fleis

Limburgish: vleisj

From Old Dutch flēsc, from Proto-West Germanic *flaiski.


drieconingendach

Dutch: Driekoningen


winterdach

Dutch: winterdag


sneeclute

Dutch: sneeuwkluit


wintercoude

Dutch: winterkou


sneevlocke

Dutch: sneeuwvlok


middesomer

Dutch: midzomer