"bitter" meaning in Middle Dutch

See bitter in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈbɪtːər/
Etymology: From Old Dutch bitter, from Proto-West Germanic *bitr. Etymology templates: {{root|dum|ine-pro|*bʰeyd-}}, {{dercat|dum|gem-pro|inh=1}}, {{inh|dum|odt|bitter}} Old Dutch bitter, {{inh|dum|gmw-pro|*bitr}} Proto-West Germanic *bitr Head templates: {{head|dum|adjective|head=|head2=}} bitter, {{dum-adj}} bitter
  1. bitter (taste) Categories (topical): Taste
    Sense id: en-bitter-dum-adj-pp2FOU9o Disambiguation of Taste: 96 4 Categories (other): Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header: 66 34
  2. sad, painful
    Sense id: en-bitter-dum-adj-KuT4qHV8
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "bitter"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: bitter",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: bitter"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "li",
            "2": "bitter"
          },
          "expansion": "Limburgish: bitter",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Limburgish: bitter"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰeyd-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "inh": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "bitter"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch bitter",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*bitr"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bitr",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Dutch bitter, from Proto-West Germanic *bitr.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "adjective",
        "head": "",
        "head2": ""
      },
      "expansion": "bitter",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "bitter",
      "name": "dum-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle Dutch",
  "lang_code": "dum",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "66 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "96 4",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "dum",
          "name": "Taste",
          "orig": "dum:Taste",
          "parents": [
            "Drinking",
            "Eating",
            "Food and drink",
            "Senses",
            "Human behaviour",
            "All topics",
            "Perception",
            "Human",
            "Fundamental",
            "Body"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "bitter (taste)"
      ],
      "id": "en-bitter-dum-adj-pp2FOU9o",
      "links": [
        [
          "bitter",
          "bitter#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "sad, painful"
      ],
      "id": "en-bitter-dum-adj-KuT4qHV8",
      "links": [
        [
          "sad",
          "sad"
        ],
        [
          "painful",
          "painful"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɪtːər/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "bitter"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Middle Dutch adjectives",
    "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle Dutch lemmas",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeyd-",
    "Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
    "Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Pages with 14 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "dum:Taste",
    "sv:Taste"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "bitter"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: bitter",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: bitter"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "li",
            "2": "bitter"
          },
          "expansion": "Limburgish: bitter",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Limburgish: bitter"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰeyd-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "inh": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "bitter"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch bitter",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*bitr"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bitr",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Dutch bitter, from Proto-West Germanic *bitr.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "adjective",
        "head": "",
        "head2": ""
      },
      "expansion": "bitter",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "bitter",
      "name": "dum-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle Dutch",
  "lang_code": "dum",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "bitter (taste)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bitter",
          "bitter#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "sad, painful"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sad",
          "sad"
        ],
        [
          "painful",
          "painful"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɪtːər/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "bitter"
}

Download raw JSONL data for bitter meaning in Middle Dutch (1.8kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.