ᠠᠨᡳᠶᠠ

From Jurchen 阿捏 (aniya /a-nie/), from Proto-Tungusic *aniganī. Compare Evenki анӈани (anŋaņi).

ᠠᠨᡳᠶᠠ
ᡩᠠᡵᡳ

ᠠᠨᡳᠶᠠ
ᠠᡵᠠᠮᠪᡳ


ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ

desc

→ Chagatai: مَانْجُو

→ Chagatai: مَانْجُو

Uyghur: مانجۇ (manju)

zh-l

滿洲／满洲 (Mǎnzhōu)

滿珠／满珠 (Mǎnzhū)

→ Chinese: 滿洲／满洲 (Mǎnzhōu), 滿珠／满珠 (Mǎnzhū)

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ (manǰu)

Mongolian: ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ (manǰu), манж (manž)

→ Tuvan: манчы (mançı)

→ Daur: manj

→ Solon: manji

Unknown.
A native Tungusic origin is proposed by Benzing and Hölzl and others, see Proto-Tungusic *Maŋgu (“Amur”) entry for more.
According to official histories from the Qing dynasty, Nurhaci, a military leader of the Jurchens of Northeast China and founder of what became the Qing dynasty, named his tribe after Sanskrit मञ्जुश्री (mañjuśrī, “Manjushri”) as the Manchus. The name is from मञ्जु (mañju, “gentle”) + श्री (śrī, “glory”). Also compare Chinese 文殊 (Wénshū, “Manjushri”).
Some other theories exist; see 满族 on the Chinese Wikipedia.Wikipedia ᶻʰ


ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ

ᡩᠣᡵᠣᠩᡤᠣ
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ

ᡳᠨᠵᡝᡴᡠ
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ

ᠮᡠᠰᡝᡳ
ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠮᠠᠩᡤᠠ
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ
ᠠᡳᡴᠠ
ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ
ᠨᡳᠣ᠉

musei niyamangga gisun aika nikan gisun nio.

ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ
ᠪᡝ
ᡨᠠᠴᡳᡵᡝᠩᡤᡝ
ᡠᠮᡝᠰᡳ
ᠠᠮᡨᠠᠩᡤᠠ᠉

manju gisun be tacirengge umesi amtangga.


ᠮᡠᡴᡝ

→ Korean: 우케 (uke)

From Jurchen 木克 (mu-ke /muke/), from a diminutive form of Proto-Tungusic *mū, which often compared with Mongolian мөрөн (mörön, “river”), Korean 물 (mul, “water”), Goguryeo 買 (*me, “river; water”) and Japanese 水 (mizu, “water”). Cognate with Bala 木克, Evenki мӯ (mū), Even мӯ (mū), Oroqen mu꞉, Negidal мӯ, Oroch мӯ, Orok мӯ (mū).


ᡳᠯᡥᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *xilaga (“flower”), itself derived from *xila- (“to blossom”).


ᡤᡡᠰᡳᠨ

head

ᡤᡡᠰᡳᠨ • (gūsin)

From Jurchen gushin. Akin to Mongolian гуч (guč).

the thirtieth day of a month of the Chinese lunar calendar


ᡠᠰᡳᡥᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *xōsikta, compare Jurchen oʃïxa, cognate with Evenki осикта (osikta), Oroqen ɔʃɪkta.


ᠰᠣᠯᠣᠨᡨᡠ

ᡧᠣᠯᠣᠨᡨᡠ ᡧᠣᠯᠣᠨᡨᡠ#Manchu


ᡧᠣᠯᠣᠨᡨᡠ

ᡧᠣᠯᠣᠨᡨᡠ • (šolontu)

šolontu (romanization)
ᠰᠣᠯᠣᠨᡨᡠ (alternative)


ᡧᡠᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *sige, compare Evenki сигӯн (sigūn) and Nanai сиун (siun).


ᠮᠣᡵᡳᠨ

From Jurchen muri, 木力 (mu-li /muri/), from Proto-Tungusic *murin. Cognate with Oroqen mʊrɪn, Evenki мурин (murin), Even мурон (muron) and Solon moring. Also connected with the Korean ᄆᆞᆯ (“horse”).

ᠮᠣᡵᡳᠨ
ᠶᠠᠯᡠᠮᠪᡳ

ᠮᠣᡵᡳᠨ
ᡝᡵᡳᠨ

(astrology) seventh earthly branch: horse in the Chinese zodiac, 5th solar month


ᠪᡳᡵᠠ

From Jurchen *bira, from Proto-Tungusic *bira (“river”); cognate with Even бира (ʙira), Evenki бира (bira).

ᠴᡳᠩ
ᡥᠣ
ᠪᡳᡵᠠ

the Qinghe River (a river located in Beijing, which is a tributary of the Wenyu River.)


ᡨᠠᠴᡳᡴᡡ

ᡨᠠᠴᡳᡴᡡ • (tacikū)

From ᡨᠠᠴᡳ᠊ (taci-, “to study”) + ᠊ᡴᡡ (-kū).


ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ

The etymology is "conventionally dismiss[ed] as indecipherable on the basis of available documentation". It was not used in fifteenth-century Jurchen. Speculative suggestions include:
* Related to Classical Mongolian ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ (kitad, “China”).
* Corrupted from Classical Mongolian [script needed] (nanggiyad, “Chinese, Ming Chinese”), from Chinese 南家 (“southern households”).
* Corrupted from unknown element ni- + Chinese 漢 /汉 (hàn, “Han Chinese”), perhaps 明漢 (“Ming Han, Han of the Ming dynasty”), as Manchu transcriptions of foreign words sometimes conflate the initial nasals.
* Related to native Manchu verbs such as ᠨᡳᡴᡝᠮᠪᡳ (nikembi, “to lean on, to rely on”) and ᠨᡳᡴᡝᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ (nikebumbi, “to prop up, to support”) with the original meaning of "servant", the meaning of which transferred to "Han Chinese" upon Jurchen/Manchu expansion, during which the conquered Han became subservient to the Manchus. Alexander Vovin considers this sort of semantic shift from a derogatory Proto-Tungusic root most likely, citing Negidal [script needed] (nikan, “Chinese, bandit, robber”), Udihe [script needed] (ningka, “Chinese, laborer, worker”), Oroch [script needed] (n'ingka, “slave, servant”), and other Tungusic forms, and says:
*: "Regardless of the phonetic details, the semantic fit seems to be almost perfect: 'robber, slave, servant'—what could be more offensive to an enemy?"

unk

"conventionally dismiss􂀿ed􂁀 as indecipherable on the basis of available documentation"


ᠠᠯᡤᡳᠨ

清文啟蒙第二卷
ᠠᡤᡝ ᡳ
ᠠᠮᠪᠠ
ᠠᠯᡤᡳᠨ
ᠪᡝ
ᡩᠣᠨᠵᡳᡶᡳ
ᡤᠣᡳᡩᠠᡥᠠ᠉
age-i amba algin be donjifi goidaha.
I have heard of your great name for a long time.


ᡴᠣᠣᠯᡳ

清文啟蒙第二卷
ᡝᡵᡝ
ᡤᡝᠰᡝ
ᡴᠣᠣᠯᡳ
ᠠᡴᡡ
ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠ
ᡤᡝᠯᡳ
ᠪᡳᠨᡳ᠉
ere gese kooli akū baita geli bini.
Does such an unreasonable matter ever exist?

滿洲實錄第一卷
ᠮᡠᠰᡝ
ᠯᡳᠩᡩᠠᠨ
ᠣᡴᡨᠣ
ᠵᡝᡴᡝᠪᡳᡥᡝ᠈
ᠪᡠᠴᡝᡵᡝ
ᡴᠣᠣᠯᡳ
ᠠᡴᡡ᠉
muse lingdan okto jekebihe, bucere kooli akū.
We have already taken elixir, so there is no reason that you shall die.


ᠠᠪᡴᠠ

Inherited from Jurchen *abxa (Jurchen script: , Image: ).

御製增訂清文鑑 卷一 天部 天文類 第一
ᡠᠮᡝᠰᡳ
ᡩᡝᠨ
ᡨᡠᠮᡝᠨ
ᠵᠠᡴᠠ
ᠪᡝ
ᡝᠯᠪᡝᡥᡝᠩᡤᡝ
ᠪᡝ᠈
ᠠᠪᡴᠠ
ᠰᡝᠮᠪᡳ᠉
umesi den tumen jaka be elbehengge be, abka sembi.
Something that is very high and covering everything that exists, is called sky.

滿洲實錄 第一卷
ᡝᠮᡝ
ᡥᡝᠨᡩᡠᠮᡝ᠈
ᠵᡠᡳ
ᠰᡳᠮᠪᡝ
ᠠᠪᡴᠠ
ᡶᠠᠴᡠᡥᡡᠨ
ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ
ᠪᡝ
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᠮᡝ
ᠪᠠᠨᠵᡳᡴᡳᠨᡳ
ᠰᡝᠮᡝ
ᠪᠠᠨᠵᡳᠪᡠᡥᠠᠪᡳ᠉
eme hendume, jui simbe abka facuhūn gurun be dasame banjikini seme banjibuhabi.
Mother said: "Children, you are created by God to rule over (those) nations that are in chaos."


ᠠᠯᡳᠨ

滿洲實錄 第一卷
ᡨᡝᡵᡝ
ᠠᠯᡳᠨ
ᠴᡳ
ᡨᡠᠴᡳᡴᡝᠩᡤᡝ
ᠶᠠᠯᡠ᠈
ᡥᡡᠨᡨᡠᠩ᠈
ᠠᡳᡥᡠ
ᠰᡝᡵᡝ
ᡳᠯᠠᠨ
ᡤᡳᠶᠠᠩ
tere alin ci tucikengge yalu, hūntung, aihu sere ilan giyang
Coming out of that mountain are three rivers: Yalu, Hūntung, and Aihu.


ᠪᡝᠶᡝ

From Jurchen 背夜 (beye /bei-ye/), from Proto-Tungusic *beje. Compare Nanai бэе (beje).


ᡤᡝᡤᡝ

→ Chinese: 格格

(Qing dynasty) daughter of the emperor, prince or king

(Qing dynasty) concubine of a member in the imperial clan


ᡠᠵᡠ

From Jurchen 兀住 (/uǰu/), commonly derived from Proto-Tungusic *irge (“brain”), but vowels do not match this reconstruction.
Compare Evenki иргэ (irgə, “brain, mind”).


ᠮᡝᡳᡥᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *müikī, compare Nanai муйки (mujki).


ᡝᡵᡳᡴᡠ

From Proto-Tungusic *xeri- (“to sweep”). See Manchu ᡝᡵᡳᠮᠪᡳ (erimbi).


ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ

From Jurchen  (*guru-un). Compare Mongolian гүрэн (güren, “state”).

ᡨᡠᠯᡝᡵᡤᡳ
ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ


ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠨ

→ Chinese: 諾顏 /诺颜, 诺颜 (nuòyán)

Borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠨ (noyan), from Middle Mongol [Term?].


ᠯᠠᠮᠠ

Borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠯᠠᠮᠠ (lama), from Classical Tibetan བླ་མ (bla ma).


ᠰᡝᠪᡩᡝᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *semtu (“rust”). Cognate with Evenki сэмту (səmtu), Oroch сэмту (səmtu), Udihe сэмту (səmtu), Orok сэпту (səmtu), Nanai сэптучэ (səptučə), Ulch сэптучэ (səptučə).

cog

Ulch сэптучэ (səptučə)


ᠨᡳᠮᠠᠩᡤᡳ

From Proto-Tungusic *ximansa (“snow”). Compare Jurchen 亦忙吉 (yi-mang-ji /imanggi/), Evenki иманна (imanna), Nanai симана (simana).


ᠸᡝᡥᡝ

From Jurchen wehe, from Proto-Tungusic *xöre (“mountain”). Cognate with Evenki урэ (urə).
Alternatively, it may be derived from a Chukotko-Kamchatkan language, cf. Chukchi выквын (wəkwən, “stone”), from Proto-Chukotko-Kamchatkan *ɣəv(ɣəv) (“stone”).


ᡳᠨᡩᠠᡥᡡᠨ

head

ᡳᠨᡩᠠᡥᡡᠨ • (indahūn)

From Jurchen 因荅忽 (indahun /in-da-hun/), from Proto-Tungusic *ŋindakun. Cognate with Nanai инда (inda), Orok ӈинда (ŋịnda), Ulch и̇ӈда (ịŋda).

ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ ᡳ
ᠶᠠᡵᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ
ᡴᠣᠣᠯᡳ᠈
ᡠᠵᡠᡳ
ᡩᡝᠪᡨᡝᠯᡳᠨ
manju-i yargiyan kooli, ujui debtelin
滿洲實錄第一卷

ᡨᠠᡳᡯᡠ
ᠰᡠᡵᡝ
ᠪᡝᡳᠯᡝᡳ
ᠪᠣᠣᡳ
ᡨᠠᠩᡤᡡᡥᠠ
ᡤᡝᠪᡠᠩᡤᡝ
ᡳᠨᡩᠠᡥᡡᠨ
ᠪᠣᠣᡳ
ᠸᠠᡵᡤᡳᠴᡳ
ᡤᡝᡵ
ᠰᡝᡶᡳ
ᡩᡝᡵᡤᡳ
ᡩᡝ
ᡤᡝᠨᡝᠮᠪᡳ᠈
ᡩᡝᡵᡤᡳ
ᠴᡳ
ᡤᡝᡵ
ᠰᡝᡶᡳ
ᠸᠠᡵᡤᡳ
ᡩᡝ
ᡤᡝᠨᡝᠮᠪᡳ᠉

taidzu sure beilei booi tanggūha gebungge indahūn booi wargici ger sefi dergi de genembi, dergi ci ger sefi wargi de genembi.


ᡥᠠᠰᠠᡴ

zh-l

哈萨克 (Hāsàkè)

→ Chinese: 哈薩克 /哈萨克, 哈萨克 (Hāsàkè)

Borrowed from Written Oirat ᡍᠠᠰᠠᡎ (xasag), from Kipchak [Term?].

bor+

滿文老檔
...ᠪᡳ
ᡥᠠᠰᠠᡴ ᡳ
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ
ᡠᠯᡥᡳᡵᠠᡴᡡ᠈
ᡝᠮᡠ
ᡥᠠᠰᠠᡴ
ᡠᡨᡥᠠᡳ
ᠮᡳᠮᠪᡝ
ᠵᠠᡶᠠᡥᠠ᠉
...bi hasak-i gisun ulhirakū, emu hasak uthai mimbe jafaha.
...I do not understand the Kazakh language, and a Kazakh captured me immediately.


ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ

monggo (romanization)
ᠮᠣᠩᡤᡡ (alternative)

Inherited from Jurchen  (*moŋgu), from Middle Mongol ᠮᠣᠩᠬᠣᠯ (mongqol).

ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ

ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ
ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ

ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ
ᠪᠣᠣ

(collective, demonym) the Mongols
(attributively) Mongol, Mongolian

(collective, demonym) the Mongols
(singulatively) a Mongol


ᡡᠯᡝᡨ

head

ᡡᠯᡝᡨ • (ūlet)

Borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳ (ögeled).

ᠠᡳᠮᠠᠨ ᠠᡳᠮᠠᠨ#Manchu

(⁓ ᠠᡳᠮᠠᠨ) Eleuths (Dzungars in Xinjiang or Khoshuts in Qinghai; also used to collectively call the Oirat people)

ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ#Manchu


ᡝᡩᡠᠨ

Xibe: ᡝᡩᡠᠨ (edun)

From Proto-Tungusic *xedün. Cognate with Even эдэн (ədən), Evenki эдын (ədin), Negidal [script needed] (ədin), Nanai хэдун (xədun), Ulch хэду (xədu), Orok хэду(н) (hədu(n)), Oroch эди(н), Udihe эди (ədu), Jurchen edun, e -du etc.

滿洲實錄 卷一

ᡧᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ
ᠠᠯᡳᠨ
ᡝᡩᡠᠨ
ᠮᠠᠩᡤᠠ᠉

The wind is strong in Changbai Mountains.


ᡨᡠᡤᡳ

From Proto-Tungusic *tögükse. Cognate with Even төгэчин (tögəcin), Evenki тӯксу (tūksu), Nanai тэвэксэ (təvəksə), Orok тэвэксэ (təvəskə), Oroch токсо (tokso), Udihe токио (tokio) etc.

cog

Orok тэвэксэ (təvəskə)


ᡤᡠᠩᡥᡝᡬᠣ

Borrowed from Chinese 共和國 /共和国 (gònghéguó).


ᠯᠣᡥᠣ

# From Jurchen, from Proto-Tungusic *loxa.
# Presumably cognate with Evenki лукучнӯн (lukuçnūn, “sword”, North Baikal), also found in other Tungusic languages of the south, but these may be Manchu loans. Compare Nanai лохон (loxon), Negidal лохон (loxon), Udihe ло̄ (lō).


ᠵᠠᡵᡥᡡ

head

ᠵᠠᡵᡥᡡ • (jarhū)

jarhū (romanization)
ᠵᠠᡵᡥᠣ (alternative)
ᠵᠠᡵᡥᡡᠨ (alternative)

From Jurchen [Term?] from Proto-Tungusic *ʒargul. Compare Evenki дяргул (ʒargul, “dhole”), Oroch [script needed] (ǯalguri, “dhole”).


ᠮᠣᠩᡤᡡ

From Jurchen  (*moŋgu), from Middle Mongol ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ (mongɣul).

ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ#Manchu

alternative form of ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ (monggo, “Mongols; Mongol”)


ᠠᠮᠪᠠᠨ

→ Tibetan: ཨམ་བན་ (am ban)

→ Chinese: 昂邦 (ángbāng)

→ Mongolian: Амбан (Amban)

→ Uyghur: ئامبان (amban)

(historical) amban (a Qing dynasty official who acted as a provincial governor)


ᠪᡝᡳᠯᡝ

head

ᠪᡝᡳᠯᡝ • (beile) (plural ᠪᡝᡳᠯᡝ
ᠰᡝ or ᠪᡝᡳᠰᡝ)

beile (romanization)
ᠪᡝᡳᠯᡝ ᠰᡝ (plural)
ᠪᡝᡳᠰᡝ (plural)

zh-l

貝勒／贝勒 (bèilè)

→ Chinese: 貝勒／贝勒 (bèilè)

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠪᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡ (beyile)

Mongolian: ᠪᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡ (beyile), бэйл (bejl)

→ Tuvan: бээли (beeli)

(historical) ruler of a Jurchen (also Urut of the Khorchin-Mongols) tribe during Ming dynasty

ᡩᠣᡵᠣᡳ ᠪᡝᡳᠯᡝ
ᡩᠣᡵᠣᡳ ᠪᡝᡳᠯᡝ#Manchu

ᡩᠣᡵᠣᡳ ᠪᡝᡳᠯᡝ
ᡩᠣᡵᠣᡳ ᠪᡝᡳᠯᡝ#Manchu

short for ᡩᠣᡵᠣᡳ
ᠪᡝᡳᠯᡝ (doroi beile): Prince of the Third Rank (one of the Qing dynasty royal and noble ranks)


ᠪᠠᡨᡠᡵᡠ

desc

→ Chinese: 巴圖魯 /巴图鲁 (bātúlǔ) (via Mandarin)

Borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ (baɣatur /baːtur/) with epithetic ᠊ᡠ (-u) avoiding atypical final *᠊ᡵ (*-r), from Middle Mongol [Term?].

bor+

An official title of the Qing dynasty, awarded to commanders and soldiers who fought bravely on the battlefield.


ᡤᡡᠰᠠ

head

ᡤᡡᠰᠠ • (gūsa)

→ Mandarin: 固山 (gùshān)

(historical) banner (type of administrative and military division during the Qing dynasty)


ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠨ

→ Chinese: 甲喇

From Proto-Tungusic *ʒalan, compare Nanai дялан (ʒalan).

military unit consisting of 15 companies (4,500 men)


ᠨᡳᡵᡠ

→ Mandarin: 牛彔 (niúlù)

desctree

→ Mongolian: ᠰᠤᠮᠤ (sumu) (calque)
→ Buryat: сомон (somon)
→ Russian: сомон (somon)
→ English: somon
→ English: sum
→ Mandarin: 蘇木 /苏木 (sūmù)
→ English: sumu
→ Tuvan: сумон (sumon)
→ Russian: сумон (sumon)
→ English: sumon

From Proto-Tungusic *ńuru, compare Evenki нюр (ņur).

(historical) basic unit of a Banner army


ᠵᠠᠩᡤᡳᠨ

→ Chinese: 章京 (zhāngjīng)

Borrowed from Chinese 將軍 /将军 (jiāngjūn, “general”).

(historical) lieutenant-general; a military officer position in the Qing dynasty


ᠠ

the tooth-like stroke (for example, ᠠᡴᠠ) of some Manchu letters

yang, a principle in Chinese and related East Asian philosophies associated with bright, hot, masculine, etc. elements of the natural world.


ᡝ

yin, a principle in Chinese and related East Asian philosophies associated with dark, cool, female, etc. elements of the natural world


ᡥᡠᡥᡠᠨ

From Middle Mongol ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠨ (kökün), whence Mongolian хөх (xöx).


ᠪᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *buga; compare Bala 巴 (ba), Even буг (ʙug), Nanai боа (boa, “place”).


ᠪᡳᠶᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *biaga. Cognate with Evenki бега (bega), Nanai биа (bia), Oroqen bɛ꞉.


ᡤᠠᡧᠠᠨ

head

ᡤᠠᡧᠠᠨ • (gašan)

Borrowed from Middle Mongol [Term?]. Compare Mongolian гацаан (gacaan, oblique of гацаа (gacaa, “village”)).

ncog

oblique of <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="mn">гацаа</i> (gacaa, “village”)

ᡤᠠᡧᠠᠨ ᡳ
ᡩᠠ
ᡨᡠᠰᠣᡴᡠᡵᡩᡝᠩᡤᡳ

1775, 『カラフトナヨロ惣乙名文書』第二文書 北海道大学付属図書館蔵 乾隆四十年三月二十日 [Karafuto Nayoro Documents, No.2 Document (in Manchu language)]:

ᠮᡳᠨᡳ
ᡝᠮᡠ
ᡶᡝ
ᡤᡠᠴᡠ
ᠪᡳᡶᡳ᠈
ᠠᠮᠪᠠᠨ ᡳ
ᡝᠮᡤᡳ
ᡝᠮᡠ
ᡤᠠᡧᠠᠨ
ᡩᡝ
ᡨᡝᠮᠪᡳ᠉

1848, Pu Songling, translated by Jakdan, Sonjofi ubaliyambuha liyoo zhai zhi i bithe [Selected Short Stories by Liao Zhai in translation]:

An old friend of mine lives in a village together with the adults.

mini emu fe gucu bifi, amban-i emgi emu gašan de tembi.


ᡥᠣᡨᠣᠨ

From Mongolian ᠬᠣᠲᠠᠨ (qotan). Compare Nanai хотон (hoton), etc.


ᠪᡝ ᠯᡳᡳ ᡥᡳ ᡨᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᡩᡝ

head

ᠪᡝ ᠯᡳᡳ ᡥᡳ ᡨᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᡩᡝ

ᠪᡝ ᠯᡳᡳ ᡥᡳ ᡨᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᡩᡝ • (be-lii-hi-tiyan-de)

Ultimately from Latin praesidēns, likely via French président.

Diplomatic Credential Presented by the Great Qing Empire to the Great French Empire (1905)
ᠠᠮᠪᠠ
ᡩᠠᡳᠴᡳᠩ
ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᡳ
ᠠᠮᠪᠠ
ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡩᡳ
ᡤᡳᠩᡤᡠᠯᡝᠮᡝ
ᡶᠣᠨᠵᡳᠮᡝ
ᠠᠮᠪᠠ
ᡶᠠ
ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᡳ
ᠠᠮᠪᠠ
ᠪᡝ ᠯᡳᡳ ᡥᡳ ᡨᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᡩᡝ
ᡩᡝ
ᠰᠠᡳᠨ᠈
[…]
amba Daicing Gurun-i amba Hūwangdi gingguleme fonjime amba Fa Gurun-i amba be-lii-hi-tiyan-de de sain, […]
The great emperor of the great Qing Empire respectfully greets the great president of great France, […]


ᠪᠠᡨᡠᡵᡠ

Borrowed from Middle Mongol ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ (baɣatur). Doublet of ᠪᠠᡨᡠᡵ (batur).

an official title of the Qing dynasty, awarded to commanders and soldiers who fought bravely on the battlefield


ᡨᡝᠯᡝᠩᡤᡠᡨ

zh-l

特楞古特 (Tèlénggǔtè)

→ Chinese: 特楞古特 (Tèlénggǔtè)

Borrowed from Written Oirat [Term?] or Classical Mongolian ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠩᠭᠦᠳ (telenggüd).


ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᠪᠣᠣ

Either inherited from Jurchen  (*guru-un bo-go), or a direct calque of Chinese 國家 /国家 (guójiā). Compare also the Classical Mongolian equivalent ᠤᠯᠤᠰ
ᠭᠡᠷ (ulus ger).


ᠪᡝᡳᠰᡝ

zh-l

貝子／贝子 (bèizi)

→ Chinese: 貝子／贝子 (bèizi)

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠪᠡᠶᠢᠰᠡ (beyise)

Mongolian: ᠪᠡᠶᠢᠰᠡ (beyise), бэйс (bejs)

→ Tuvan: бээзи (beezi)

From Jurchen  (*bə[g]i-sə, plural of  (*bə{g}i-in, “{government} official”)).

inh

plural of <i class="None mention" lang="juc"></i> (*bə{g}i-in, “{government} official”)

ᡤᡡᠰᠠᡳ ᠪᡝᡳᠰᡝ
ᡤᡡᠰᠠᡳ ᠪᡝᡳᠰᡝ#Manchu

ᡤᡡᠰᠠᡳ ᠪᡝᡳᠰᡝ
ᡤᡡᠰᠠᡳ ᠪᡝᡳᠰᡝ#Manchu

short for ᡤᡡᠰᠠᡳ
ᠪᡝᡳᠰᡝ (gūsai beise): Prince of the Fourth Rank (one of the Qing dynasty royal and noble ranks)

ᠪᡝᡳᠯᡝ ᠪᡝᡳᠯᡝ#Manchu


ᠪᡠᡵᠠᡨ

→ Chinese: 布喇忒 (Bùlātè)

A phonetic variant of Classical Mongolian ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ (buriyad). Probably borrowed from (or influenced by) Middle Russian братъ m sg (brat, used in 17th–18th centuries).

bor

ᠣᠯᡳᠶᠣᠣᡥᠠᠨ
ᠵᡠᠪᡴᡳ᠈
ᠪᠠᡳᡥᠠᠯ
ᠪᡳᠯᡨᡝᠨ ᡳ
ᡩᠣᡵᡤᡳ
ᡩᡝᡵᡤᡳ
ᠠᠮᠠᡵᡤᡳ
ᡩᡝᠪᡳ᠈
ᠣᠨᠴᠣ
ᡳᠴᡳ
ᠰᡠᠰᠠᡳ
ᠪᠠ
ᡶᡠᠨᠴᡝᠮᠪᡳ᠈
ᡤᠣᠯᠮᡳᠨ
ᡳᠴᡳ
ᠵᡠᠸᡝ
ᡨᠠᠩᡤᡡ
ᠪᠠ
ᡶᡠᠨᠴᡝᠮᠪᡳ᠈
ᠵᡠᠪᡴᡳ
ᠨᡳᠩᡤᡠᠨᡩᡝ
ᠠᠯᠠᡵᠠᠮᡝ
ᠠᠯᡳᠨ
ᠪᠠᠨᠵᡳᠮᠪᡳ᠈
ᡳᠰᡳ᠈
ᡥᠠᡳᠯᠠᠨ᠈
ᠪᡠᡵᡤᠠ
ᠪᡳ᠈
ᡥᠠᠴᡳᠩᡤᠠ
ᡤᡠᡵᡤᡠ
ᠪᡳ᠈
ᡝᡩᡝ
ᠪᡠᡵᠠᡨ
ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ
ᠰᡠᠰᠠᡳ
ᡶᡠᠨᠴᡝᡵᡝ
ᠪᠣᡳᡤᠣᠨ᠈
ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ
ᠪᠣᠣ
ᠴᠠᠮᡝ
ᡨᡝᡥᡝᠪᡳ᠈
ᠮᠣᡵᡳᠨ᠈
ᡳᡥᠠᠨ᠈
ᡥᠣᠨᡳᠨ
ᡠᠵᡳᡥᡝᠮᠪᡳ᠈

1723, Tulišen, ᠯᠠᡴᠴᠠᡥᠠ
ᠵᡝᠴᡝᠨ
ᡩᡝ
ᡨᠠᡴᡡᡵᠠᡥᠠ
ᠪᠠᠪᡝ
ᡝᠵᡝᡥᡝ
ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ [lakcaha jecen de takūraha babe ejehe bithe, Narrative of the Chinese Embassy to the Khan of the Tourgouth Tartars] (overall work in Manchu and Literary Chinese):

The ‘islet’ of Olkhon is located inside Lake Baikal, northeast (from its western shore). It’s more than fifty lis wide and more than two hundred lis long. There’s a hill on the islet, where has been covered by larches, elms, and willows. There are various kinds of beasts. More than fifty Buryat Mongol families live there in gers they have been pitched, they raise horses, cattle, and sheep.

ᠪᡠᡵᡳᠶᠠᡨ ᠪᡠᡵᡳᠶᠠᡨ#Manchu

alternative form of ᠪᡠᡵᡳᠶᠠᡨ (buriyat, “Buryat”)


ᠪᡝ

crossbar yoking shafts of a carriage (equivalent of Chinese 輗 /𫐐 (ní))


ᠪᡝ

ᠪᡝ ᡳ
ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ

ᠪᡝ ᡳ
ᡥᡝᡥᡝ


ᡩᠠ

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠳᠠ (da)

Mongolian:

Mongolian script: ᠳᠠ (da)

Cyrillic script: даа (daa)

→ Tuvan: даа (daa)

→ Daur: daa

From Jurchen (*da), from Proto-Tungusic *daga (“root”).

ᡤᠠᡧᠠᠨ ᡳ
ᡩᠠ
ᡨᡠᠰᠣᡴᡠᡵᡩᡝᠩᡤᡳ


ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ ᡴᠣᠣᠯᡳ

Calque of Chinese 字典 (zìdiǎn, literally “standard of [Chinese] characters”).

cal

ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ ᡴᠣᠣᠯᡳ ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ
ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ ᡴᠣᠣᠯᡳ ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ#Manchu

Only used in ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ
ᡴᠣᠣᠯᡳ
ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ (hergen kooli bithe, “dictionary”).


ᡤᡝᠪᡠ

From Jurchen  (*ɡəbu), from Proto-Tungusic *gerbǖ.


ᠮᡝᡳᡵᡝᠨ

→ Mongolian: ᠮᠡᠶᠢᠷᠡᠨ (meyiren)

→ Tuvan: мээрең (meereñ)

From Proto-Tungusic *muire, compare Evenki мӣрэ (mīrə), Even мирэ (mirə), Oroch мие, Oroqen mi꞉rə, Udihe мё ("neck"), Solon mīri, Solon mīrə(borrowed to miir), Nanai нгуйрэ (ŋujre), Nanai муйрэ (mujre), Orok мујрэ and Jurchen muire.

滿文老檔
ᠮᡳᠨᡳ
ᠮᡝᡳᡵᡝᠨ
ᡩᡝ
ᡝᠮᡠ
ᠰᡳᡵᡩᠠᠨ ᡳ
ᡶᡝᠶᡝ
ᠪᡳ᠉
mini meiren de emu sirdan-i feye bi.
There is an arrow wound on my shoulder.

ᠮᡝᡳᡵᡝᠨ ᡳ
ᠵᠠᠩᡤᡳᠨ

ᡝᡵᡝᠪᡝ
ᠨᡳᠩᡤᡠᡨᠠ᠈
ᡳᠯᠠᠨ
ᡥᠠᠯᠠ
ᠮᡝᡳᡵᡝᠨ ᡳ
ᠵᠠᠩᡤᡳᠨ
ᠰᡝᡳ
ᠶᠠᠮᡠᠨ
ᡩᡝ
ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ
ᠶᠠᠪᡠᠪᡠᡶᡳ᠈

1775, 『カラフトナヨロ惣乙名文書』第二文書 北海道大学付属図書館蔵 乾隆四十年三月二十日 [Karafuto Nayoro Documents, No.2 Document]:

Let the Deputy lieutenant-general of Ningguta and the Deputy lieutenant-general of Ilan Hala send this document at their government offices.

erebe ningguta, ilan hala meiren-i janggin sei yamun de bithe yabubufi,


ᡥᠣᠨᡳᠨ

# From Jurchen [Term?] (“xoni”), from Proto-Tungusic. Cognate with Nanai хонин (honin).
# Compare also Proto-Mongolic *konïn, compare Mongolian хонь (xonʹ).
# The latter is from Proto-Turkic *kōń, compare Turkish koyun.


ᠵᡠᠸᠠᡵᡳ

From Proto-Tungusic *ʒuga. Cognate with Jurchen dʒua etc. Compare Evenki дюгани (ʒugaņi), Nanai дёа (ʒoa).

滿洲實錄 第一卷
ᠵᡠᠸᠠᡵᡳ
ᡝᡵᡳᠨ
ᠣᡥᠣ
ᠮᠠᠩᡤᡳ᠈
ᡧᡠᡵᡩᡝᠮᡝ
ᠠᠯᡳᠨ ᡳ
ᡤᡠᡵᡤᡠ
ᡤᡝᠮᡠ
ᡧᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ
ᠠᠯᡳᠨ
ᡩᡝ
ᡤᡝᠨᡝᡶᡳ
ᠪᡳᠮᠪᡳ᠉
juwari erin oho manggi, šurdeme alin-i gurgu gemu šanggiyan alin de genefi bimbi.
After entering the summer, the beasts that lived around the mountains come to Changbai Mountain to rest.


ᡩᠣᡵᠣᠨ

ᠯᡳᠣ
ᡴᡳᠣ
ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᡳ
ᠸᠠᠩ
ᠨᡳ
ᡩᠣᡵᠣᠨ

The seal of the King of The Ryukyu Kingdom


ᡥᡡᡵᡳ

head

ᡥᡡᡵᡳ • (hūri)

From Proto-Tungusic [Term?]. Cognate with Jurchen xuri etc.


ᡩᡠᡩᡠ

From Jurchen  (*dudu), from Chinese 都督 (dūdu).


ᠰᠣᠯᠮᡳᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *sarme > *sarïmïkta, cognate with Evenki саримикта (sarimikta), Even харамта (haramta), Orok серемӯкта (seremükta), Orok сӣрмӯкта (sïrmükta), Orok сӣрӯмӯкта (sïrümükta), Ulch [script needed] (sarumta), Udihe [script needed] (saamikta) etc.

cog

Orok сӣрӯмӯкта (sïrümükta)


ᡤᠠᠰᡥᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *gase; compare Bala 嘎萨 (gasa) and Nanai гаса (gasa).


ᠨᡳᠣᠸᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *ńoŋa, compare Nanai нёнгиан (njoŋian).


ᠨᡳᠣᡥᠣᠨ

Akin to Manchu ᠨᡳᠣᠸᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ (niowanggiyan).


ᡧᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ

head

ᡧᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ • (šanggiyan)

From Proto-Tungusic *saŋńan, compare Evenki саңнян, Even ханин (haņin), Nanai сангнян (saŋnjan).

cog

Evenki саңнян

ᠵᡠᠨ ᡳ
ᡧᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ
ᡨᡠᠴᡳᡵᡝ
ᠰᠠᠩᡤᠠ
ᠪᡝ᠈
ᡥᡡᠯᠠᠨ
ᠰᡝᠮᠪᡳ᠉

jun-i šanggiyan tucire sangga be, hūlan sembi.

The hole where smoke comes out from the pole is called hūlan.


ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ

Chinese: 薩哈林 /萨哈林 (Sàhālín)

Russian: Сахали́н (Saxalín)

English: Sakhalin (See there for more)

Japanese: サハリン (Saharin)

Korean: 사할린 (sahallin)

From Jurchen 撒哈良 (sa-ha-liang /saxalian/, “black”), from Proto-Tungusic *sakalīn (“black”). Compare also Evenki сакарӣн (sakarīn), Oroch сакаи (sakai), Ulch сахари (saxari), Orok сагари (sagari), сāри (sāri) and Nanai сахарин (saxarĩ).

inh

ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ:


ᠰᠠᡥᠠᡥᡡᠨ

head

ᠰᠠᡥᠠᡥᡡᠨ • (sahahūn)


ᡧᠠᠨᠶᠠᠨ

ᡧᠠᠨᠶᠠᠨ • (šanyan)


ᡠᠯᠠ

→ Chinese: 烏拉 /乌拉


ᡥᠣᡨᠣᠨ

A widespread Inner Asian Wanderwort; compare Mongolian хот (xot, “town”) and Ainu コタン (kotan, “village”).


ᠵᡠᠸᠠᠨ ᠴᡳᡴᡨᡝᠨ

ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᠴᡳᡴᡨᡝᠨ
ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᠴᡳᡴᡨᡝᠨ#Manchu

ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᠴᡳᡴᡨᡝᠨ
ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᠴᡳᡴᡨᡝᠨ#Manchu

Synonym of ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ
ᠴᡳᡴᡨᡝᠨ (abkai cikten): the ten heavenly stems


ᠰᡠᡩᡠᡵᡳ

From Middle Mongol ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ (sudur), compare судар (sudar, “scripture, codex, history”).


ᡥᠠᠯᡥᡡᠨ ᠮᡠᠴᡝᠨ

ᡥᠠᠯᡥᡡᠨ
ᠮᡠᠴᡝᠨ • (halhūn mucen)


ᠴᠣᠴᠣ

[t͡ʃʰɔ.t͡ʃʰɔ]

Connected with the Korean 좆 (jot, “penis”).


ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ

The lack of palatalization from ti- to či indicates that it was likely borrowed from Khitan 𘭃𘱚 (*? g) than Mongolic proper which was in turn borrowed from Old Turkic 𐰋𐰃𐱅𐰏 (bitig). Ultimately from Middle Chinese 筆 (pit, “writing brush”).


ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠵᡳᠶᠣᠣ

ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠵᡳᠶᠣᠣ • (hūwajiyoo)

Sichuan pepper; prickly ash (species in the genus Zanthoxylum)


ᠰᡠᡩᡠᡵᡳ ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ

ᠰᡠᡩᡠᡵᡳ (suduri, “history”) + ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ (bithe, “book”)


ᠨᡳᠶᡝᠩᠨᡳᠶᡝᡵᡳ

From Proto-Tungusic *ńeŋńe, compare Evenki неӈненӣ (ņeŋņeņī), Nanai неӈне (njeŋnje).

cog

Evenki неӈненӣ (ņeŋņeņī)


ᠪᠣᠯᠣᡵᡳ

From Proto-Tungusic *bola, compare Evenki болони (boloņi), Nanai боло (bolo).


ᡨᡠᠸᡝᡵᡳ

From Jurchen tuweri, Proto-Tungusic *töge, compare Evenki тугэни (tugəņi), Nanai туэ (tue).


ᠠᠮᠠ

→ Chinese: 阿瑪／阿玛 (àma)

From Proto-Tungusic *amin, compare Evenki ама (ama), Nanai ама (ama).


ᠣᡵᠣᠰ

Borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠣᠷᠤᠰ (orus), from Middle Mongol 斡羅思 (orus), from Kipchak [script needed] (orus), from Old East Slavic Русь f (Rusĭ), from Proto-Finnic *roocci.


ᠰᡠᡩᡠᡵᡳ ᡩᠠᠩᠰᡝ

ᠰᡠᡩᡠᡵᡳ (suduri, “history”) + ᡩᠠᠩᠰᡝ (dangse, “record”)


ᡩᠠᠩᠰᡝ ᠪᠣᠣ

archive; place for storing earlier materials


ᡳᠨᡝᠩᡤᡳ ᡝᠵᡝᠪᡠᠨ

ᡳᠨᡝᠩᡤᡳ (inenggi, “day”) + ᡝᠵᡝᠪᡠᠨ (ejebun, “notes”)


ᡳᠨᡝᠩᡤᡳ

From Proto-Tungusic *ineŋī; compare Bala 依能吉 (yinengji), Nanai ини (ini), Oroqen inəŋ.


ᡥᡝᡥᡝ

ᠪᠣᠣᡳ
ᡩᠣᠯᠣ
ᡝᠮᡠ
ᡥᡝᡥᡝ
ᠵᡳᠩ
ᡥᡳᠶᠠᠩ
ᠰᡝᠮᡝ
ᡴᠠᡳᠴᠠᠮᡝ
ᡩᠠᠩᠰᡳᠮᡝ
ᠪᡳ᠉

1802, Yihing, 庸言知旨/An i gisun de amtan be sara bithe:

There is a woman shouting rebukes inside the house.

booi dolo emu hehe jing hiyang seme kaicame dangsime bi.


ᡥᠠᠮᡠ

From Proto-Tungusic *xamū- (“to defecate”), compare Nanai амон (amon).


ᠰᡳᡴᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *sike.
Compare Proto-Turkic *sīk (“urine”).


ᡴᡝᠰᡳᡴᡝ

# Akin to Nanai кэксэ (kekse), Even кэркэ (kərkə), etc.
# Likely cognate to Nivkh кʼыск (kʼəsk).
# Further afield, perhaps cognate to Proto-Algonquian *ka·šake·nsa (“cat”) (cf. Ojibwe gaazhagens).


ᠰᡝᡶᡠ

Borrowed from Chinese 師傅 /师傅 (“teacher; master”).


ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᠵᡠᡳ

ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ (abkai, “of heaven”) + ᠵᡠᡳ (jui, “child”). Calque of Chinese 天子 (tiānzǐ).


ᠠᠮᡳᡥᡡᠨ

head

ᠠᠮᡳᡥᡡᠨ • (amihūn)


ᠴᡳᠮᠠᡵᡳ

From Proto-Tungusic *tima (“morning”), compare Evenki тыматиэ (timatiə), Even тимана (timana).


ᠴᠣᡵᠣ

ᠴᠣᡵᠣ
ᠮᡝᠨᡳ
ᠵᡠᠸᡝ
ᠨᠣᡶᡳ
ᡝᡵᡩᡝ
ᠵᡳᡶᡳ᠈
ᠠᡤᡝ
ᡩᡝ
ᠠᡳᠰᡳᠯᠠᠮᡝ
ᠪᠣᡳᡥᠣᠵᡳᠯᠠᡴᡳ᠉

1708, Lanling Xiaoxiao Sheng, translated by unknown, ᡤᡳᠨ
ᡦᡳᠩ
ᠮᡝᡳ
ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ [gin ping mei bithe, The Plum in the Golden Vase]:

We two will come here early the day after tomorrow, and help brother hold the event.


ᡝᠴᡳᠮᠠᡵᡳ

ᡝᠴᡳᠮᠠᡵᡳ
ᠰᡳᠨᡳ
ᠠᡥᡡᠨ
ᡠᡨᡥᠠᡳ
ᠮᡳᠨᡩᡝ
ᡥᡝᠨᡩᡠᡥᡝᠪᡳ᠉

ecimari sini ahūn uthai minde henduhebi.

Your brother already told me this morning.

ᡝᡵᡝ ᠴᡳᠮᠠᡵᡳ
ᡝᡵᡝ ᠴᡳᠮᠠᡵᡳ#Manchu

ᡝᡵᡝ ᠴᡳᠮᠠᡵᡳ
ᡝᡵᡝ ᠴᡳᠮᠠᡵᡳ#Manchu

clipping of ᡝᡵᡝ
ᠴᡳᠮᠠᡵᡳ (ere cimari, “this morning”)


ᠰᡝᠩᡤᡳ

From Proto-Tungusic *sēkse. Cognate with Evenki сэ̄ксэ (sə̄ksə) and Oroqen ʃə꞉kʃə.


ᠣᡴᡨᠣ

Inherited from Proto-Tungusic *okta (“medicine, powder”). Cognate with Nanai окто (okto), Ulch окто.


ᡧᠣᠪᡳᠨ

head

ᡧᠣᠪᡳᠨ • (šobin)

shaobing (baked, layered flatbread with or without sesame on top)


ᠶᠠᠰᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *iāsa, compare Evenki эса (əsa), Nanai насал (nasal).


ᠠᡵᡴᡳ

→ Nivkh: арак (arak)

From Proto-Tungusic *arakïï (“alcohol”). Compare Evenki аракӣ (arakī), Negidal ajaxïï, Ulch арақи̇ (araqï), Orok арақи̇ (araqï), Nanai арақи̇ (araqï). Also akin to Mongolian архи (arxi). Ultimate origin is from Arabic عَرَقْ (ʕaraq, “alcohol”).


ᡧᠣᡥᠣ

ᡧᠣᡥᠣ • (šoho)


ᡶᡠᠯᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *pula, compare Evenki хулама (hulama).


ᡶᡠᠯᠠᡥᡡᠨ

ᡶᡠᠯᠠᡥᡡᠨ • (fulahūn)

From Proto-Tungusic *pula, compare Manchu ᡶᡠᠯᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ (fulgiyan).


ᠵᡳᡥᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *ǯiaka, compare Evenki дяка (ʒaka), Nanai диха (ʒiha).


ᠨᡳᠣᡥᡝ

Cognate with Evenki некэ (ņekə, “sable”).


ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠮᠠᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *miaban (“heart”). Possibly influenced by Korean.
Compare the first syllable of Middle Korean 념통 (nyemthwong, “heart”) (whence Korean 염통 (yeomtong)).


ᡠᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᡠᡩᠠ

ᡠᠶᠠᠨ (uyan, “dilute”) + ᠪᡠᡩᠠ (buda, “rice”)

com

congee; a type of thick rice porridge or soup


ᠯᠠᡵᡥᡡᠨ

head

ᠯᠠᡵᡥᡡᠨ • (larhūn)


ᡤᡠᠩᠵᡠ

princess (daughter of the emperor or king)


ᡥᡡᡧᠠᠵᡠ

ᡥᡡᡧᠠᠵᡠ • (hūšaju)


ᠨᡳᠶᡝᡥᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *nīkǖ, compare Evenki ники (ņiki), Even нэкичэн (nəkicən), Nanai ниэчэн (niečen).


ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠩᡤᡡ

ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠩᡤᡡ • (malanggū)


ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠩᡤᡡ

ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ
ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠩᡤᡡ • (sahaliyan malanggū)


ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠩᡤᡡ ᠮᡳᠰᡠᠨ

ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠩᡤᡡ
ᠮᡳᠰᡠᠨ • (malanggū misun)


ᠪᠣᡩᠣᡴᡡ

ᠪᠣᡩᠣᡴᡡ • (bodokū)


ᠵᠠᡴᡡᠨ ᠪᡳᠶᠠᡳ ᡨᠣᡶᠣᡥᠣᠨ

ᠵᠠᡴᡡᠨ
ᠪᡳᠶᠠᡳ
ᡨᠣᡶᠣᡥᠣᠨ • (jakūn biyai tofohon)

(literally) 15th day of the 8th month (in any calendar)

en-ᠵᠠᡴᡡᠨ_ᠪᡳᠶᠠᡳ_ᡨᠣᡶᠣᡥᠣᠨ-mnc-noun-ssjuDxfo

en-ᠵᠠᡴᡡᠨ_ᠪᡳᠶᠠᡳ_ᡨᠣᡶᠣᡥᠣᠨ-mnc-noun-ltfxpmd6


ᠪᠣᠣᡳ ᠪᡠᡥᡡ

ᠪᠣᠣᡳ
ᠪᡠᡥᡡ • (booi buhū)

ᠪᠣᠣᡳ (booi, “of the house”) + ᠪᡠᡥᡡ (buhū, “deer”), literally “the house deer”.


ᠪᡠᡥᡡ

head

ᠪᡠᡥᡡ • (buhū)

Compare Mongolian ᠪᠣᠭᠣ (boɣo) / буга (buga, “deer”).


ᠮᠠᡶᠠ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ

ᠮᠠᡶᠠ (mafa, “ancestor”) + ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (gurun, “country”)


ᠪᠣᠣ ᠨᡳᠮᠠᡥᠠ

ᠪᠣᠣ (boo, “house”) + ᠨᡳᠮᠠᡥᠠ (nimaha, “fish”).


ᠮᠠᠰᡝ ᠮᡠᠶᠠᡵᡳ

ᠮᠠᠰᡝ (mase, “pockmark”) + ᠮᡠᠶᠠᡵᡳ (muyari, “longan”), literally “longan with pockmark”.

Litchi chinensis
Litchi chinensis#Translingual


ᡥᡳᠪᠰᡠ

honey (sweet fluid produced from plant nectar by bees)


ᡝᠵᡝᠨ

# Akin to Mongolian эзэн (ezen). Compare also Nanai эден (eʒen).
# See also Proto-Tungusic *edī, compare Evenki эды (ədi, “husband”).


ᡥᡳᠪᠰᡠ ᡝᠵᡝᠨ

ᡥᡳᠪᠰᡠ (hibsu, “honey”) + ᡝᠵᡝᠨ (ejen, “master”), literally “the master of honey”.


ᠨᡳᠣᠩᠨᡳᠶᠠᡥᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *ńuŋńakī, compare Evenki нюӈняки (ņuŋņaki).


ᡳᡵᡤᡝᠨ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ

ᡳᡵᡤᡝᠨ (irgen, “common people”) + ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (gurun, “country; state”). Calque of Chinese 民國 /民国 (mínguó).


ᠮᠣᠣ

From Proto-Tungusic *mō, compare Evenki мо (mo).


ᠰᠣᡤᡳ

From Jurchen [script needed] (*sogi), from Proto-Tungusic *solgi, cognate to Oroch соггиха (soggixa).
Korean 푸성귀 (puseonggwi), Jeju 송키 (songki) are borrowings from Jurchen into Korean.


ᡴᠠᡨᡠᡵᡳ

Compare Korean 게 (ge), Japanese 蟹 (kani).


ᠪᠣᠰᠣ

→ Nanai: босо (boso)

→ Nivkh: пос (pos, “tissue, cotton”)

Borrowed from Mongolian бөс (bös), from Middle Mongol ᠪᠥᠰ (bös), from a Turkic language. The ultimate origin is Arabic بَزّ (bazz). Compare also other cognates in Tungusic, such as Jurchen 博素 (paw-su /bosu/), 卜素 (pu-su /busu/), Negidal [script needed] (bosụ), Orok бусу (busu) and Ulch büsü.


ᠪᠣᠰᠣ

ᠠᠨᡨᡠ

antonym(s) of “north slope of a mountain”


ᡠᠯᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *uligan, compare Nanai олгиан (olgian), Orok орге (orge), Oroqen ʊlgɛn.


ᡳᡥᠠᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *ïkan (“bull”). Cognate with Nanai ихан (ihan), Negidal ихан (ïxan), Oroch иха (ixa).

ᡳᡥᠠᠨ
ᠠᡩᡠᠨ

bovine, e.g. cow, bull, ox, buffalo, bison, yak

ᡳᡥᠠᠨ
ᡝᡵᡳᠨ

(astrology) second earthly branch: ox in the Chinese zodiac, 12th solar month


ᠮᡠᡩᡠᡵᡳ

From Proto-Tungusic *muduri, compare Nanai мудур (mudur).


ᠯᡝᡶᡠ

→ Korean: 너페 (neope)


ᠴᠣᡴᠣ

From Proto-Tungusic *tiaku (“hen”), in turn from Proto-Turkic *tiakïgu (“hen, fowl”)


ᡤᡡᠯᠮᠠᡥᡡᠨ

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ᡤᡡᠯᠮᠠᡥᡡᠨ • (gūlmahūn)


ᠠᡵᠰᠠᠯᠠᠨ

# From a Mongolic language, compare Mongolian арслан (arslan).
# The Mongolic term derives from Turkic *arsïlan, compare Turkish aslan.


ᠠᡥᡡᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *akun, compare Evenki акин (akin), Even акан (akan), Nanai ага (aga).

a respectful term used to address someone who is older but in the same generation as the speaker


ᡧᠠᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *sian, compare Evenki се̄н (sēn) and Nanai сиан (sian).

ᡧᠠᠨ ᡳ
ᡩᠠ

ᡧᠠᠨ ᡳ
ᠰᡠᡳᡥᡝ

flash pan (a small receptacle for priming powder, found next to the touch hole on muzzle-loading guns)


ᠣᡶᠣᡵᠣ

From Proto-Tungusic *opore, compare Nanai опоро (oporo).


ᠠᠩᡤᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *amŋa. Cognate with Evenki амӈа (amŋa), Nanai аӈма (aŋma).


ᡳᠯᡝᠩᡤᡠ

From Proto-Tungusic *xilŋü. Cognate with Evenki инни (inņi), Nanai сиӈму (siŋmu).


ᠸᡝᡳᡥᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *xǖkte. Cognate with Evenki ӣктэ (īktə).


ᡤᠠᠯᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *ŋāla. Cognate with Evenki ӈалэ (ŋalə), Even ӈа̄л (ŋāl), Nanai нгала (ŋala).


ᠪᡝᡨᡥᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *begdi, compare Even бөдэл (ʙödəl), Nanai бэгди (begʒi).

cog

Even бөдэл (ʙödəl)


ᠠᠪᡩᠠᡥᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *xabdansa, compare Evenki авданна (awdanna).


ᡤᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *gara, cognate with Evenki гара (gara), Even гар (gar), Nanai гара (gara) etc.


ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *ńārabī, from *ńārī; compare Bala 纳莫 (namo), Kyakala 纳莫 (namo), Even няри (ņari), Nanai най (nai).


ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ ᠵᡠᡳ

Compound of ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ (sargan, “wife”) + ᠵᡠᡳ (jui, “child”), probably a calque of Chinese 女子 (nǚzǐ) or Chinese 女兒 /女儿 (nǚ'ér).

com

ᠠᠮᠠᠯᠠ
ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ
ᡤᠠᡳᡶᡳ
ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ
ᠵᡠᡳ
ᠸᠠᡴᠠ
ᠰᡝᠮᡝ
ᡥᠣᡴᠣᡶᡳ᠈
ᡩᠠᠨᠴᠠᠨ
ᡩᡝ
ᡠᠩᡤᡳᡥᡝᠪᡳ᠉

Later on, she was married to a certain man. Then she was repudiated and sent back to her parents' home, because people said she is not a virgin.


ᠣᠮᠣᠯᠣ

From Proto-Tungusic *ome, compare Evenki омолги (omolgi).


ᡝᡳᡥᡝᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *eyiken, compare Nanai эйхэ (ejhe).


ᡤᡳᡵᠠᠩᡤᡳ

From Proto-Tungusic *giramsa, compare Evenki гирамна (giramna), Oroqen gɪramna.


ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *mońŋan, compare Evenki моңон, Nanai монгон (moŋon).
Perhaps can be comparable to Proto-Turkic *bōń (“neck”), whence Turkish boyun.


ᠰᡳᠩᡤᡝᡵᡳ

→ Korean: 송쿠 (songku)

From Proto-Tungusic *siŋere, ultimately from Proto-Uralic *šiŋere, compare Evenki сиңэрэкэн, Nanai сиӈэрэ (siŋere).

cog

Evenki сиңэрэкэн


ᠪᠣᠨᡳᠣ

ᠪᠣᠨᡳᠣ
ᡝᡵᡳᠨ

(astrology) ninth earthly branch: monkey of the Chinese zodiac, 7th month of the Chinese calendar


ᡤᡝᡶᡝᡥᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *gepe-kte. Cognate with Udihe гэптэ (gəptə).


ᡩᡝᡵᡥᡠᠸᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *dile, compare Even диликан (ʒilikan), Nanai дилуэктэ (žiluekte).


ᡤᠠᠯᠮᠠᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *ŋalman, compare Nanai гармакта (garmakta).


ᠨᠠᠮᡠ

From Proto-Tungusic *lāmu. Cognate with Evenki ламу (lamu), Even ла̄му (lāmu), Nanai намо (namo).


ᡤᡳᠶᠠᡥᡡᠨ

head

ᡤᡳᠶᠠᡥᡡᠨ • (giyahūn)

From Proto-Tungusic *giākun, compare Even гякан (gẹkan), Nanai гихон (gihon).


ᡶᠠᡥᡡᠨ

ᡶᠠᡥᡡᠨ • (fahūn)

From Proto-Tungusic *pākun, compare Evenki хакин (hakin).


ᡩᡝᠯᡳᡥᡠᠨ

From Proto-Mongolic *delixün, compare Mongolian дэлүү (delüü).


ᡠᡶᡠᡥᡠ

Perhaps related to Proto-Turkic *öpke (“lung”).


ᠪᠣᠰᡥᠣ

From Proto-Tungusic *bosakta, compare Evenki босокто (bosokto).


ᠰᡠᡴᡡ

ᠰᡠᡴᡡ • (sukū)


ᠰᡳᠯᡥᡳ

# From Proto-Tungusic *sīlse, compare Nanai силтэ (silte).
# Maybe the Tungusic term is related to Korean 쓸개 (sseulgae) or Mongolian цөс (cös) which is inherited from Proto-Mongolic *sölsün (“gall”).


ᡶᡝᡥᡳ

# From Proto-Tungusic *pēyke.
# The Tungusic term might be akin to Proto-Mongolic *hekin (“brain, head, beginning”), compare Mongolian эх (ex, “beginning”), and also akin to Proto-Turkic *beyŋi (“brain”), compare Turkish beyin.


ᡧᡝᠩᡤᡳᠨ

head

ᡧᡝᠩᡤᡳᠨ • (šenggin)


ᡝᠪᠴᡳ

From Proto-Tungusic *xebte, compare Nanai хэучилэ (heučile).


ᠴᡝᠵᡝᠨ

[t͡ʃʰə.t͡ʃən]

Connected with the Middle Korean 졎〮 (cyéc, “breast”).


ᡥᡝᡶᡝᠯᡳ

# From Proto-Tungusic *kebel, from Jurchen [script needed] (*hefuli).
# Ultimately from a Mongolic language, compare Mongolian хэвэл (xevel). Cognates are widespread in Inner Asia, being also found in the Northern Tungusic languages of Siberia and in Ket. Pyongan Korean 허북 (heobuk, “belly”), Korean 허벅지 (heobeokji, “thigh”) are most likely borrowed from Tungusic.


ᠰᠠᠪᡴᠠ

Mongolian: савх (savx)

→ Nivkh: чафӄ (ț’afq)

→ Ainu: サㇵカ (sahka)

Inherited from Proto-Tungusic *sarpukī (“chopstick”).


ᡩᠠᠪᠴᡳᡴᡡ

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ᡩᠠᠪᠴᡳᡴᡡ • (dabcikū)


ᠰᡝᠯᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *sele, compare Evenki сэлэ (sələ), Nanai сэлэ (sele).


ᡨᡝᡳᡧᡠᠨ

ᡨᡝᡳᡧᡠᠨ • (teišun)


ᡨᠣᡥᠣᠯᠣᠨ

From Proto-Mongolic, compare Mongolian тугалга (tugalga).


ᡨᠣᡥᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠮᡠᡴᡝ

ᡨᠣᡥᠣᠯᠣᠨ (toholon, “tin”) + ᠮᡠᡴᡝ (muke, “water”).


ᡬᠠᠨ

Borrowed from Mandarin 鋼 /钢 (gāng, “steel”).


ᡨᡠᠸᠠ

# From Proto-Tungusic *toga, compare Evenki того (togo), Nanai тава (tawa).
# Perhaps related to Proto-Mongolic *togaxan, Mongolian тогоо (togoo, “cauldron”).


ᠵᡠᡥᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *ʒuke, compare Evenki дюкэ (ʒukə).


ᡩᡝᡵᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *dēre, compare Evenki дэрэ (dərə).


ᠰᡝᠨᠴᡝᡥᡝ

[sən.t͡ʃʰə.χə]


ᡠᠨᠴᡝᡥᡝᠨ

From *ucege < *urcege, from Proto-Tungusic *xürgü. Cognate with Evenki ирги (irgi).


ᡶᡝᠮᡝᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *pemün. Cognate with Evenki хэмун (həmun) and Nanai пэмун (pəmun) etc.


ᡠᠮᡥᠠᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *umu-kan, from *umu (“nest”). Compare Evenki умукта (umukta).


ᡤᡠᠶᡝ

a piece of iron at the end of a sword's handle


ᡳᡴᡡᡵᠰᡠᠨ

head

ᡳᡴᡡᡵᠰᡠᠨ • (ikūrsun)


ᡥᡳᡨᠠᡥᡡᠨ

ᡥᡳᡨᠠᡥᡡᠨ • (hitahūn)


ᠪᡳᠯᡥᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *bilga, compare Even билга (ʙilga).

(figurative) strategically important place


ᠮᠠᡶᠠ

paternal grandfather
paternal grandfather


ᠶᡝᠶᡝ

From Mandarin 爺爺 /爷爷 (yéye, “paternal grandfather”).


ᠮᠠᠮᠠ

paternal grandmother
paternal grandmother


ᡝᠨᡳᠶᡝ

zh-l

額娘／额娘 (éniáng)

→ Chinese: 額娘／额娘 (éniáng)

From Proto-Tungusic *eńin, compare Evenki энин (əņin).


ᠠᠮᡠ

paternal aunt (wife of father's elder brother)


ᠠᠮᡠ

From Proto-Tungusic *ā- (“to sleep”), compare Evenki ами (ami, “sleep”).


ᡝᠴᡳᡴᡝ

paternal uncle (father's younger brother)


ᠣᡴᡝ

paternal aunt (wife of father's younger brother)


ᠠᡤᡝ

(honorific, used to address males of the same seniority) mister; sir; gentleman

(women's speech) dear, darling, sweetheart (term used by a woman to address her lover)


ᡝᡶᡠ

→ Chinese: 額駙 /额驸 (éfù)

brother-in-law (husband of elder sister)


ᡤᠣᡵᠣ ᠮᠠᡶᠠ

maternal grandfather
maternal grandfather


ᡤᠣᡵᠣ ᠮᠠᠮᠠ

maternal grandmother
maternal grandmother


ᡠᠩᡤᡠ ᠮᠠᡶᠠ

paternal grandfather
paternal grandfather#English

great-grandfather (paternal grandfather's father)


ᡠᠩᡤᡠ ᠮᠠᠮᠠ

great-grandmother (paternal grandfather's mother)


ᡩᡝᡥᡝᠮᠠ

maternal uncle (husband of mother's younger sister)


ᠮᡝᠶᡝ

brother-in-law (younger sister's husband)

brother-in-law (wife's younger sister's husband)


ᡨᡠᠩᡤᡝᠨ

Inherited from Proto-Tungusic *tüŋen (“breast, chest”). Cognate to Even тиӈэн (tiŋən) and Nanai туӈэн (tuŋen).


ᡶᠠᠯᠠᠩᡤᡡ

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ᡶᠠᠯᠠᠩᡤᡡ • (falanggū)

From Proto-Tungusic *palŋa, compare Evenki ханңга, Nanai пайнга (paynga).

cog

Evenki ханңга


ᡶᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *page, compare Nanai пава (pawa).


ᡠᠴᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *örke. Cognate with Evenki уркэ (urkə).


ᡥᠠᠨ

Compare Mongolian ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ (qaɣan, “emperor; khan”).


ᠨᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *nā, compare Nanai на (na). Connected with the Middle Korean 나랗〮 (nàláh, “country”).


ᡤᠣᠯᠣ

Connected with the Middle Korean ᄀᆞᄅᆞᆷ〮 (kòlóm, “river”).


ᠮᡠᠯᡠ

ridge; a narrow raised band on a surface


ᠵᡠᡤᡡᠨ

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ᠵᡠᡤᡡᠨ • (jugūn)


ᡧᡝᡵᡳ

ᡧᡝᡵᡳ • (šeri)


ᡧᡠᡧᡠ

ᡧᡠᡧᡠ • (šušu)

Borrowed from Mandarin 蜀黍 (shǔshǔ, “sorghum”).


ᡝᡵᡩᡝ

From a Mongolic language, compare Mongolian эрт (ert).


ᠮᡳᠰᡠᠨ

Likely a direct loan from Old Korean. Compare Middle Korean 며주〮 (myècwú, “block of fermented beans”) (whence Korean 메주 (meju)). Compare also Japanese 味噌 (miso, “miso”).


ᠵᡠᡧᡠᠨ

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ᠵᡠᡧᡠᠨ • (jušun)


ᠪᡝᠯᡝ

Connected with the Middle Korean 보리 (pwoli, “barley”).


ᡩᠠᠪᠰᡠᠨ

From Classical Mongolian ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ (dabusu).


ᡧᠠᡨᠠᠨ

ᡧᠠᡨᠠᠨ • (šatan)


ᡩᠠᡵᠠᠮᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *darama, compare Even дарам (daram), Nanai дарама (darama).


ᡠᡶᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *upe, compare Nanai опа (opa).


ᠣᡵᡥᠣ

From Proto-Tungusic *orākta (“dry grass”), compare Evenki орокто (orokto) and Even орат (orat).


ᡶᡝᡵᡥᡝ

# From Proto-Tungusic *pere.
# Likely akin to Proto-Mongolic *herekei, compare Mongolian эрхий (erxii).


ᠠᠰᡥᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *xasakī, compare Evenki асаки (asaki), Nanai хасар (hasar).


ᡶᡳ

From Chinese 筆 /笔 (bǐ, “writing brush”).


ᠨᡝᡴᠴᡠ

maternal aunt (wife of mother's brother)


ᡥᡡᠸᠠ

ᡥᡡᠸᠠ • (hūwa)


ᠵᠠᡴᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *ǯiaka, compare Nanai дяка (ʒaka).


ᠵᠠᡴᠠ

ᡶᡠ
ᡩᡝ
ᠵᠠᡴᠠ
ᠪᡳ᠉


ᠵᠠᡴᡩᠠᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *ǯagde, compare Evenki дягда (ʒagda).


ᠴᡳᡵᡴᡠ

cirku (romanization)
ᠴᡳᡵᡠᡴᡠ (alternative)


ᡶᡝᡳᠰᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *pejte, compare Nanai пэйдэ (pejde).


ᡥᠠᡩᡠᡶᡠᠨ

Seems to be akin to Proto-Mongolic *kaduxur, compare Mongolian хадуур (xaduur).


ᠪᠣᠴᠣ

Borrowed from some variety of Old Korean; compare Middle Korean 빛 (pich, “light; color”), whence Korean 빛 (bit).


ᡨᠣᡵᠣ

From Mongolian тоор (toor), which is ultimately from Mandarin 桃兒 /桃儿 (táor).


ᡥᡡᠴᡳᠨ

ᡥᡡᠴᡳᠨ • (hūcin)

well (a shaft sunk into the ground to obtain water)


ᡠᠯᡥᡡᠮᠠ

ᡠᠯᡥᡡᠮᠠ • (ulhūma)


ᡤᡳᠣ

From Proto-Tungusic *gibe, compare Evenki гивчэн (giwçən), Nanai гиу (giu).


ᡥᠣᠣᡧᠠᠨ

ᡥᠣᠣᡧᠠᠨ • (hoošan)


ᠪᡝᡥᡝ

Perhaps cognate to Middle Chinese 墨 (MC mok).


ᡨᠣᡥᠣᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *toxe, compare Nanai тохон (tohon).


ᡨᠠᠯᠮᠠᠨ

Akin to Evenki тамнакса (tamnaksa), Nanai тамна (tamna).


ᠰᠠᡴᡩᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *sagdV, compare Evenki сагды (sagdi).


ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝᠰᡳ

→ Chinese: 筆帖式 /笔帖式 (bǐtièshì)

ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ᠊ (bithe-, “text; book”) + ᠊ᠰᡳ (-si). Probably a phono-semantic matching of Mongolian ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ (baɣsi, “master, trainer, teacher”)

psm

(historical) scribe during the Qing Dynasty


ᠰᠠᠴᡳᠮᠠ

Chinese: 沙琪瑪 /沙琪玛 (shāqímǎ)

Rice Krispie square
Rice Krispie square#English

sachima (a type of Chinese pastry similar in structure to a Rice Krispie square)


ᠵᠠᠮᡠ

ᠵᠠᠮᡠ:


ᡨᡝᠮᡝᠨ

From Proto-Mongolic *temexen, compare Mongolian тэмээ (temee).
Further compare Evenki тэвен (təwen), Nanai тэмэн (temen).


ᡩᠣᡵᡤᠣᠨ

Akin or from Proto-Mongolic *dorugun, compare Mongolian дорго (dorgo).


ᡝᠯᡩᡝᠨ

ᡝᡵᡝ
ᡩᠣᠪᠣᡵᡳ
ᠪᡳᠶᠠᡳ
ᡝᠯᡩᡝᠨ
ᡤᡝᡥᡠᠨ
ᡧᡝᡥᡠᠨ᠉


ᠠᠨᠠᡴᡡ

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ᠠᠨᠠᡴᡡ • (anakū)

From ᠠᠨᠠ᠊ (ana-, “to push”) + ᠊ᡴᡡ (-kū). Cognate with Nanai анако (anako).

key (object designed to open and close locks)

ᠠᠨᠠᡴᡡ
ᠠᡵᠠᠮᠪᡳ


ᡥᡡᠨᡨᠠᡥᠠᠨ

ᡥᡡᠨᡨᠠᡥᠠᠨ • (hūntahan)


ᠯᠠᠩᡤᡡ

ᠯᠠᠩᡤᡡ • (langgū)


ᡧᡠᠯᡥᡝ

ᡧᡠᠯᡥᡝ • (šulhe)

zh-l

舒蘭／舒兰 (Shūlán)

→ Chinese: 舒蘭／舒兰 (Shūlán)


ᠠᠯᡳᡴᡡ

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ᠠᠯᡳᡴᡡ • (alikū)


ᠸᠠᡳᡩᠠᡴᡡ

ᠸᠠᡳᡩᠠᡴᡡ • (waidakū)


ᠴᡳᠪᡳᠨ

Borrowed from some variety of Old Korean; compare Middle Korean 져비 (cyepi, “swallow”), whence Korean 제비 (jebi).


ᡳᠵᡳᡶᡠᠨ

Inherited from Proto-Tungusic *xigdipǖn (“comb”), equivalent to ᡳᠵᡳ᠊ (iji-, “to comb”) + ᠊ᡶᡠᠨ (-fun).


ᡨᠠᡳᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ

From Chinese 太監 /太监 (tàijiàn, “eunuch”).


ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡩᡳ

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ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡩᡳ • (hūwangdi)


ᠣᠯᠪᠣ

makwa, a type of clothing popular during the Qing Dynasty


ᡥᡡᠰᡳᡥᠠᠨ

ᡥᡡᠰᡳᡥᠠᠨ • (hūsihan)


ᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *eri- (“to breathe”).

ᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ
ᡤᠠᡳᠮᠪᡳ

(Chinese philosophy) energy of primal chaos


ᠣᠶᠣ

roof or ceiling (of a house, yurt, carriage, etc)


ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ ᠪᠣᠣ

→ Chinese: 蒙古包 (měnggǔbāo)

ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ (monggo, “Mongol; Mongolian”) + ᠪᠣᠣ (boo, “house”)

com

yurt (large, round tent with vertical walls and conical roof, common in the steppes of Central Asia)


ᡶᡠᠯᡥᡡ

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ᡶᡠᠯᡥᡡ • (fulhū)

Inherited from Proto-Tungusic *pulsa (“blanket”), cognate with Nanai полта (polta)


ᠰᡝᠵᡝᠨ

Ultimately borrowed from Proto-Mongolic *tergen (“cart”), compare Buryat тэргэн (tergen).


ᠪᡠᠯᡝᡴᡠ

ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ
ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ
ᠪᡠᠯᡝᡴᡠ
ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ


ᠰᡠᡥᡝ

From a Mongolic language, compare Mongolian сүх (süx).


ᠠᠰᡠ

ᠨᡳᠮᠠᡥᠠᡳ
ᠠᠰᡠ


ᠴᠣᠣᡥᠠ

ᡥᡡᠯᡥᠠᡳ
ᠴᠣᠣᡥᠠ


ᡩᠠᡳᡶᡠ

Borrowed from Mandarin 大夫 (dàifu, “doctor”).


ᠵᡳᠯᡤᠠᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *dilgan, compare Evenki дылган (dilgan), Nanai дилган (ʒilgan).


ᡤᡠ

Connected with the Middle Korean 구슬〮 (kwùsúl, “gem”).


ᠠᠮᠪᡠᠮᠠ

maternal uncle (husband of mother's elder sister)


ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡥᡝᠣ

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ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡥᡝᠣ • (hūwangheo)


ᠨᡝᠴᡝ

sister-in-law (wife of wife's elder brother)


ᠨᡝᠶᡝ

sister-in-law (wife of wife's younger brother)


ᠪᠠᡧᠠ

ᠪᠠᡧᠠ • (baša)


ᡩᠠᠨᠴᠠᠨ

ᡩᠠᠨᠴᠠᠨ
ᡩᡝ
ᠪᡝᡩᡝᡵᡝᠮᠪᡳ

to return to a married woman's parents' home (for a visit)


ᠪᡝᡵᡥᡠ

sister-in-law (husband's younger sister)


ᡤᡠᡶᡠ

paternal uncle (husband of father's elder sister)


ᠠᡥᡡᠩᡤᠠ ᠵᡠᡳ

ᠠᡥᡡᠩᡤᠠ
ᠵᡠᡳ • (ahūngga jui)


ᡩᠠᠪᡴᡡᡵᡳ ᠣᠮᠣᠯᠣ

ᡩᠠᠪᡴᡡᡵᡳ
ᠣᠮᠣᠯᠣ • (dabkūri omolo)


ᠣᠮᠣᠯᠣ ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ ᠵᡠᡳ

ᠣᠮᠣᠯᠣ ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ ᠵᡠᡳ

ᠣᠮᠣᠯᠣ (omolo, “grandson”) + ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ
ᠵᡠᡳ (sargan jui, “daughter”).


ᠰᠣᠨᠴᠣᡥᠣ

[sɔn.t͡ʃʰɔ.χɔ]


ᠵᠠᠯᠠᡥᡳ ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ ᠵᡠᡳ

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ᠵᠠᠯᠠᡥᡳ ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ ᠵᡠᡳ


ᡳᠨᠠ ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ ᠵᡠᡳ

ᡳᠨᠠ ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ ᠵᡠᡳ


ᡤᡝ

brother-in-law (husband's elder brother)


ᠵᠠᠯᠠᡥᡳ ᡠᡵᡠᠨ

fraternal nephew's wife (brother's son's wife)


ᠨᠠᠮᡠ ᡠᠯᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ

ᠨᠠᠮᡠ (namu, “ocean”) + ᡠᠯᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ (ulgiyan, “pig”).


ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ

title; rank (of an official or nobility)


ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ

ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ (nikan, “Chinese; Han Chinese”) + ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ (hergen, “script; writing”)


ᡠᠯᠮᡝ ᡥᡡᠯᡥᠠᡨᡠ

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ᡠᠯᠮᡝ
ᡥᡡᠯᡥᠠᡨᡠ • (ulme hūlhatu)

ᡠᠯᠮᡝ (ulme, “needle”) + ᡥᡡᠯᡥᠠᡨᡠ (hūlhatu, “habitual robber”).


ᡠᠯᠮᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *xülme, compare Evenki инмэ (inmə), Nanai хурмэ (hurme).


ᡥᡝᠶᡝ

rheum; sleep (substance in eyes after waking)


ᠶᠠᠰᠠᡳ ᠮᡠᡴᡝ

ᠶᠠᠰᠠᡳ (yasai, genitive of ᠶᠠᠰᠠ (yasa, “eye”)) + ᠮᡠᡴᡝ (muke, “water”).


ᡶᡠᠯᡝᠩᡤᡳ

From Proto-Tungusic *pulńe, compare Even хултэн (hultən), Nanai пунэктэн (punekten).


ᠶᠠᡥᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *xial-, compare Evenki элла (əlla), Nanai сиалта (sialta).


ᡠᠰᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *üse, compare Nanai усэ (use).


ᡥᠣᠮᡳᠨ

Likely borrowed from Middle Korean 호ᄆᆡ (hwomoy, “hoe”), whence Korean 호미 (homi).


ᠶᠠᡶᠠᠨ

ᠰᠣᡤᡳ
ᠶᠠᡶᠠᠨ


ᡶᠣᠯᡥᠣ

folho (romanization)
ᡶᠣᠯᡤᠣ (alternative)

# From Proto-Tungusic *palụka, compare Evenki халка (halka), Nanai палоа (paloa).
# From Proto-Mongolic *haluka or its ancestor, possibly of Indo-European origin. Compare Mongolian алх (alx, “hammer”), Kazakh балға (balğa, “hammer”), Sanskrit परशु (paraśu, “axe”), Ancient Greek πέλεκυς (pélekus, “axe”), Russian палка (palka, “stick”).


ᠶᠠᡨᡠᡥᠠᠨ

Compare Mongolian ятга (jatga, “yatga”).


ᡶᡳᠴᠠᡴᡡ

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ᡶᡳᠴᠠᡴᡡ • (ficakū)

xiao (a vertical, notched, end-blown bamboo flute)


ᠪᡳᠯᡝᡵᡳ

zh-l

篳篥／筚篥 (bìlì)

suona (traditional Chinese woodwind instrument)


ᡨᡝᠩᡤᡝᡵᡳ

sanxian (a three-stringed fretless Chinese instrument)


ᡥᡝᡨᡠ ᡶᡳᠴᠠᡴᡡ

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ᡥᡝᡨᡠ
ᡶᡳᠴᠠᡴᡡ • (hetu ficakū)

dizi (a transverse flute with a buzzing membrane)


ᡴᡠᠮᡠᠨ

Inherited from Proto-Tungusic *kumun (“music”). Somehow akin to Proto-Turkic *kopuŕ, *komuŕ (“a musical instrunment, a kind of lute”), Proto-Mongolic *kuxur (“music”). There is a chance that word is a borrowing from Proto-Turkic.


ᡤᡝᡵᡝᠨ ᡶᡳᠯᠠ

yunluo (a set of tuned flat gongs in a frame, played with a stick)


ᡨᠣᡴᠰᡳᡨᡠ

wooden fish (a wooden percussion instrument)


ᠵᡠᠸᡝᡵᡤᡝ

a plucked string instrument with two strings


ᠣᠩᡤᠣᠴᠣᠨ

[ɔŋ.ŋɔ.t͡ʃʰɔn]


ᠰᠠᠮᠠᠨ

zh-l

薩滿／萨满 (sàmǎn)

→ Chinese: 薩滿／萨满 (sàmǎn)

From Proto-Tungusic *samān (“shaman”), compare Evenki саман (saman) and Nanai сама̄н (samān) etc.


ᡨᠠᡨᡠᡥᠠᠨ

sihu (a bowed string instrument with two pairs of strings)


ᠪᠠᡴᠰᠠᠩᡤᠠ ᡶᡳᠴᠠᡴᡡ

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ᠪᠠᡴᠰᠠᠩᡤᠠ
ᡶᡳᠴᠠᡴᡡ • (baksangga ficakū)

sheng (a Chinese mouth-blown free-reed instrument consisting of vertical pipes)


ᠴᠠᡵᡴᡳ

Manchu clapper (a percussion instrument made from several pieces of wood)


ᡧᡝᡨᡠᡥᡝᠨ

ᡧᡝᡨᡠᡥᡝᠨ • (šetuhen)

se, an ancient Chinese plucked string instrument


ᡩᡝᠩᠵᠠᠨ

From Mandarin 燈盞 /灯盏 (dēngzhǎn, “lamp”).


ᡝᠯᠪᡝᠨ

grass (used to make thatch); cogon grass


ᡶᠠᠶᠠᠩᡤᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *pańan, compare Evenki ханян (haņan).


ᡶᡝᠶᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *pube, compare Evenki хуги (hugi).


ᡶᡝᠶᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *puje, compare Evenki хуе (huje), Nanai пуе (puye).

ᠰᡳᡵᡩᠠᠨ ᡳ
ᡶᡝᠶᡝ


ᡥᡡᠸᠠᡧᠠᠨ

ᡥᡡᠸᠠᡧᠠᠨ • (hūwašan)

ᡥᡡᠸᠠᡧᠠ᠊ (hūwaša-, “to make progress”) + ᠊ᠨ (-n), literally “the one who makes progress (in ascetic practices)”


ᡥᡠᠸᡝᡧᡝᠨ

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ᡥᡠᠸᡝᡧᡝᠨ • (huwešen)


ᠨᠣᠮᡠᠨ

From Mongolic, compare Mongolian ном (nom).


ᡥᠠᠯᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *kala, probably borrowed from pre-proto-Amuric *kalaŋ.

ᡥᠠᠯᠠ
ᡥᠠᠴᡳᠨ


ᡤᡝᠪᡠ ᡥᠠᠯᠠ

ᡤᡝᠪᡠ (gebu, “given name”) + ᡥᠠᠯᠠ (hala, “family name”).


ᠣᠮᠣ

From Proto-Tungusic *āmu-, compare Evenki амут (amut).


ᠪᡳᡵᡤᠠᠨ

By surface analysis, ᠪᡳᡵᠠ (bira, “river”) + ᠊ᡤᠠᠨ (-gan, diminutive suffix).


ᠵᡳᠶᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᡡᠨ

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ᠵᡳᠶᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᡡᠨ • (jiyanggiyūn)

Borrowed from Chinese 將軍 /将军 (jiāngjūn, “general”).


ᡴᠠᠨᡩᠠᡥᠠᠨ

desc

→ Mandarin: 堪達罕 /堪达罕 (kāndáhǎn), 犴 (hān)

From Proto-Mongolic *kandaxai, compare Mongolian хандгай (xandgaj).


ᠰᡝ

ᡩᠠᠮᡠ
ᠮᡳᠨᡳ
ᠰᠠᡴᡩᠠ
ᡝᠮᡝ
ᠨᠠᡩᠠᠨᠵᡠ
ᠰᡝ
ᠣᡥᠣ᠈
ᡝᡵᡧᡝᡵᡝ
ᡠᡳᠯᡝᡵᡝ
ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ
ᠠᡴᡡ᠉

1848, Pu Songling, translated by Jakdan, 擇飜聊齋志異/Sonjofi ubaliyambuha liyoo jai jy i bithe [Selected Short Stories by Liao Zhai in translation]:

But my old mother is 70 years old, there is no one taking care of her.

damu mini sakda eme nadanju se oho, eršere uilere niyalma akū.


ᠨᠠᡵᡥᡡᠨ ᡩᡠᡥᠠ

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ᠨᠠᡵᡥᡡᠨ
ᡩᡠᡥᠠ • (narhūn duha)


ᡩᡝᡨᡥᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *dekte, compare Evenki дэктэннэ (dəktənnə), Nanai дэктэчэ (dekteče).


ᡨᡠᡵᠠ

Inherited from Proto-Tungusic *turu (“pole, mast”).


ᡨᡠᡵᠠᡴᡡ

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ᡨᡠᡵᠠᡴᡡ • (turakū)


ᠮᡠᡴᡡᠨ

ᠮᡠᡴᡡᠨ • (mukūn)


ᡶᡠᠯᡝᡥᡝ

From *pule, from Proto-Koreanic *pulɨkuj, whence also Middle Korean 불휘〮 (pwùlhwúy, “root”) > Modern Standard Central Korean 뿌리 (ppuri, “root”), also Pyongan Korean 뿌레기 (ppuregi, “root”). Not attested in other Tungusic languages, including Jurchen. The native Tungusic equivalent is ᡩᠠ (da).


ᠴᠠᠨᠠᠩᡤᡳ

day before yesterday
day before yesterday


ᠵᡝᠴᡝᠨ

[t͡ʃə.t͡ʃʰən]


ᠪᡳᠯᡨᡝᠨ

ᠪᠠᡳᡥᠠᠯ
ᠪᡳᠯᡨᡝᠨ


ᠠᠮᡨᠠᠨ

From a Mongolic language, compare Mongolian амт (amt).


ᠨᡳᠮᠠᠨ

From *iman, from Mongolic. Compare Mongolian ямаа (jamaa), Kalmyk ямаан (yamaan), Daur ima, Dongxiang iman.


ᠰᡳᠯᡝᠩᡤᡳ

From Proto-Tungusic *silekse, compare Even хилэс (hiləs), Nanai силэмсэ (silemse).


ᠪᡳᠶᠠᠩᠰᡳᡴᡡ

ᠪᡳᠶᠠᠩᠰᡳᡴᡡ • (biyangsikū)


ᡧᡝᡧᡝᡵᡳ ᡠᠮᡳᠶᠠᡥᠠ

ᡧᡝᡧᡝᡵᡳ
ᡠᠮᡳᠶᠠᡥᠠ • (šešeri umiyaha)


ᠰᡝᡴᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *segepke, compare Even хэгэп (həgəp), Nanai сэпэ (sepe).


ᠵᠣᡵᡤᠣᠨ

the twelfth month of the Chinese calendar


ᠨᡳᠣᠯᡥᡠᠨ

the sixteenth day of the first month of the Chinese calendar


ᠰᡳᡥᠠᡴᡡ

ᠰᡳᡥᠠᡴᡡ • (sihakū)

a vertical bamboo wind instrument with nine holes (similar to guan)


ᡠᠶᠠᡧᠠᠨ

ᡠᠶᠠᡧᠠᠨ • (uyašan)


ᠰᡠᠪᡝ

Maybe from Proto-Tungusic *sume, compare Even хум (hum).


ᡥᠠᡵᡩᠠᡴᡡ

ᡥᠠᡵᡩᠠᡴᡡ • (hardakū)


ᡝᡵᡥᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *xerekī, compare Even эрики (əriki), Nanai хэрэ (here).


ᠠᠰᡥᠠᠩᡤᠠ ᠰᡳᠩᡤᡝᡵᡳ

ᠠᠰᡥᠠᠩᡤᠠ (ashangga, “winged”) + ᠰᡳᠩᡤᡝᡵᡳ (singgeri, “mouse”).


ᡧᠣᡵᡥᠣ

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ᡧᠣᡵᡥᠣ • (šorho)


ᠴᡝᠴᡳᡴᡝ

[t͡ʃʰə.t͡ɕʰi.kʰə]


ᠰᡳᡧᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ

ᠰᡳᡧᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ • (sišargan)


ᡶᠠᠵᡠᡴᡡ

ᡶᠠᠵᡠᡴᡡ • (fajukū)

ᡶᠠᠵᠠ᠊ (faja-, “to defecate”) + ᠊ᡴᡡ (-kū)


ᡳᠮᠠᡥᡡ

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ᡳᠮᠠᡥᡡ • (imahū)


ᡶᡠᠰᡥᡝᡴᡠ

Derived nominalization from Manchu fushe- ("to fan") (see ᡶᡠᠰᡥᡝᠮᠪᡳ (fushembi, “to fan”)), with instrumental suffix -ku.


ᡥᡳᠶᡝᠰᡝ

From Mandarin 蠍子 /蝎子 (xiēzi, “scorpion”).


ᠠᡩᡠ

ᡝᡨᡠᡴᡠ ᠠᡩᡠ
ᡝᡨᡠᡴᡠ ᠠᡩᡠ#Manchu

ᡝᡨᡠᡴᡠ ᠠᡩᡠ
ᡝᡨᡠᡴᡠ ᠠᡩᡠ#Manchu

clothing (used in ᡝᡨᡠᡴᡠ
ᠠᡩᡠ (etuku adu, “clothing”))


ᡶᠣᠨ

Ultimately borrowed from Proto-Mongolic *hon (“[the duration of a] year”).


ᠵᠣᡵᡤᠣᠨ ᡳᠨᡝᠩᡤᡳ

Laba Festival (a traditional Chinese holiday celebrated on the eighth day of the twelfth month of the Chinese calendar)


ᡠᡳᡥᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *xüj(k)e, compare Evenki ие (ije), Nanai хуе (huje).


ᠣᡵᠣᠨ ᠪᡠᡥᡡ

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ᠣᡵᠣᠨ
ᠪᡠᡥᡡ • (oron buhū)

ᠣᡵᠣᠨ (oron) is from Proto-Tungusic *oran.


ᡥᡠᡵᡝᠨ

hole near the kitchen range for placing a lamp


ᡝᠨᡳᡥᡝᠨ

enihen (romanization)
ᡝᠨᡳᠶᡝᡥᡝᠨ (alternative)


ᡝᠨᡳᠶᡝᡥᡝᠨ

ᡝᠨᡳᡥᡝᠨ ᡝᠨᡳᡥᡝᠨ#Manchu

alternative form of ᡝᠨᡳᡥᡝᠨ (enihen, “female dog”)


ᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᡩᡝᠩᠵᠠᠨ

Compound of ᠠᠶᠠᠨ (ayan, “wax”) + ᡩᡝᠩᠵᠠᠨ (dengjan, “lamp”), literally “wax lamp”.


ᡧᠠᠨᠴᡳᠨ

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ᡧᠠᠨᠴᡳᠨ • (šancin)

fortress on a mountain; small town on a mountain


ᡥᠠᠴᡳᠨ

Borrowed from some variety of Old Korean; compare Middle Korean 가지 (kaci, “kind”), whence Korean 가지 (gaji).
This root is also found in other Tungusic languages, e.g. Solon, Oroch, Udehe, Ulcha, Orok, Nanai, but inner-Tungusic correspondences indicate that in all these languages it is a loan from Manchu. It is not attested in Ewen, Arman and Evenki, which had no or rather limited contact with Jurchen and/or Manchu.

Lantern Festival; the fifteenth day of the first month of the Chinese calendar

ᡥᠠᠴᡳᠨ
ᠠᡵᠠᠮᠪᡳ


ᡝᡶᡝᠨ

bread; pastry; steamed bun; breadlike product made from flour


ᡤᡡᠩᡴᠠᠨ

ᡤᡡᠩᡴᠠᠨ • (gūngkan)


ᠪᡳᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠ

Chinese water chestnut
Chinese water chestnut


ᡧᡝᡧᡝᠮᡦᡝ

ᡧᡝᡧᡝᠮᡦᡝ • (šešempe)

[ʃə.ʃəm.pʰə]


ᠰᠠᡵᠠ

iron ornament fixed to a quiver or bow case


ᠠᠮᡳᠯᠠ ᠴᠣᡴᠣ

ᠠᠮᡳᠯᠠ (amila, “male”) + ᠴᠣᡴᠣ (coko, “chicken”).


ᡝᠮᡳᠯᡝ ᠴᠣᡴᠣ

ᡝᠮᡳᠯᡝ (emile, “female”) + ᠴᠣᡴᠣ (coko, “chicken”).


ᡠᠨᡳᠶᡝᠨ

female (of certain animals like sheep or rhinoceros)


ᡥᡡᡵᡥᠠᠨ

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ᡥᡡᡵᡥᠠᠨ • (hūrhan)


ᡤᠠᡵᡠᡩᠠᡳ

Ultimately from Sanskrit गरुड (garuḍa) via Mongolic.


ᡤᡝᡵᡠᡩᡝᡳ

Ablauted from ᡤᠠᡵᡠᡩᠠᡳ (garudai) for feminine semantics.


ᠣᡵᡥᠣᡩᠠ

Compound of ᠣᡵᡥᠣ (orho, “grass”) + ᡩᠠ (da, “root”).


ᠪᡳᠶᠣᠣ ᡠᠮᡳᠶᠠᡥᠠ

ᠪᡳᠶᠣᠣ (biyoo, “silkworm”) + ᡠᠮᡳᠶᠠᡥᠠ (umiyaha, “worm”)


ᠵᠠᠨᠴᡠᡥᡡᠨᠵᡝ

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ᠵᠠᠨᠴᡠᡥᡡᠨᠵᡝ • (jancuhūnje)


ᠮᡝᡵᡝ

Compare Kalmyk меерә (meerä). Also connected with the Korean 밀 (mil, “wheat”).


ᠠᡵᡶᠠ

From Proto-Turkic *arpa. Disputedly from a Mongolic language, compare Mongolian арвай (arvaj).


ᡶᠠᡨᠠᠨ

Connected with the Middle Korean 바다ᇰ〮 (pàtáng, “bottom”).
From Proto-Tungusic *pata.


ᡥᠠᡳᠯᡠᠨ

Akin to or from Proto-Mongolic *kalixun, compare Mongolian халиу (xaliu).


ᠴᡳᡵᡴᡠ ᡥᡝᠩᡴᡝ

ᠴᡳᡵᡴᡠ (cirku, “pillow”) + ᡥᡝᠩᡴᡝ (hengke, “melon”).


ᠪᠠᡵᠠᠮᡳᡩᠠ

From Tibetan པ་ར་མི་ཏ (pa ra mi ta), from Sanskrit पारमिता (perfection, paramita).


ᡧᠠᡴᡧᠠᡥᠠ

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ᡧᠠᡴᡧᠠᡥᠠ • (šakšaha)

the gill (a breathing organ of fish and other aquatic animals)


ᡧᡠᠰᡳᡥᠠ

ᡧᡠᠰᡳᡥᠠ • (šusiha)


ᡶᡠᡶᡠᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *pūpūn (“saw”), compare Evenki хувун (huwun), Nanai попон (popon).


ᡶᠣᠰᠣᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *pōse, compare Nanai посин (posin).


ᡤᡳᡩᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *gịda (“spear, lance”). Compare also Evenki гида (gida).
Possibly related to Proto-Mongolic *ǰïda, whence Mongolian жад (žad), Daur jad and Dongxiang zhida.


ᡤᡡᠯᡥᠠ

ᡤᡡᠯᡥᠠ • (gūlha)

Probably a Wanderwort connected with Proto-Mongolic *gutu-l, Korean 구두 (gudu, “shoes, boots”), Japanese 靴 (kutsu, “footwear, boots”).


ᡤᡡᠨᡳᠨ

ᡤᡡᠨᡳᠨ • (gūnin)


ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠩ

palace (the place where the emperor lives)


ᡤᡠᠩ

Borrowed from Mandarin 公 (gōng, “duke”).


ᡤᡠᠩ

Borrowed from Mandarin 宮 /宫 (gōng, “palace”).


ᡤᡠᠩ

Borrowed from Mandarin 功 (gōng, “merit”).


ᠮᡝᡳᡥᡝᡨᡠ

Monopterus albus
Monopterus albus#Translingual


ᡩᠠᠮᠪᠠᡤᡠ

Compare Persian تنباکو (tanbâku), Hindi तम्बाकू (tambākū), all ultimately from Spanish tabaco.


ᡥᠠᡩᠠᠯᠠ

Akin to or from Proto-Mongolic *kadaxar, compare Mongolian хазаар (xazaar).


ᠠᡳᡥᡡ

ᠠᡳᡥᡡ • (aihū)


ᡥᠠᡵᠰᠠ

yellow-throated marten
yellow-throated marten

Martes flavigula
Martes flavigula#Translingual

yellow-throated marten; Martes flavigula


ᡤᡡᠴᠠ

ᡤᡡᠴᠠ • (gūca)


ᡴᡡᠴᠠ

ᡴᡡᠴᠠ • (kūca)


ᡶᡠᠯᡥᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *pule, compare Evenki хула (hula), Nanai поло (polo).


ᠮᡳᠶᠠᡥᡡ

ᠮᡳᠶᠠᡥᡡ • (miyahū)

Siberian musk deer (Moschus moschiferus)


ᠶᠠᠮᠵᡳᠰᡥᡡᠨ

ᠶᠠᠮᠵᡳᠰᡥᡡᠨ • (yamjishūn)


ᡶᡠ

outside wall; wall surrounding a courtyard


ᡶᠠᠵᠠᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *parge. Akin to Mongolian аргал (argal).


ᡴᡠᡵᡠᠮᡝ

coat or garment worn over the outside of one's other garments


ᠴᡠᠰᡝ ᠮᠣᠣ

ᠴᡠᠰᡝ (cuse, “bamboo”) + ᠮᠣᠣ (moo, “wood; tree”)


ᡧᡠ ᡳᠯᡥᠠ

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ᡧᡠ
ᡳᠯᡥᠠ • (šu ilha)


ᠰᡳᠯᡝ

# From Proto-Tungusic *šole, compare Nanai чолон (čōlon).
# The Tungusic term is from Proto-Mongolic *silö (“meat broth, soup”), compare Mongolian шөл (šöl).
# The Mongolic term probably derives from or otherwise related with Proto-Turkic *söl (“juice”), compare Kazakh сөл (söl).


ᡶᡳᠣᡥᠠ

Probably onomatopoeic, but compare Nivkh пʼеӄ (pʼeq, “hen”), Middle Korean 비〮육 (pí.ywùk, “chick”) and Japanese 雛(ひよこ) (hiyoko, “chick”).


ᠵᡠᠨ ᡤᠠᡵ

desc

→ Chinese: 準噶爾 /准噶尔 (Zhǔnɡá’ěr) (transcription)

Borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ
ᠭᠠᠷ (ǰegün ɣar, literally “the left wing”).


ᠴᠠᡥᠠᡵ

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→ Chinese: 察哈爾 /察哈尔 (Cháhā'ěr) (Mandarin transcription)

Borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ (čaqar).

bor+

(demonym) Chakhars (central Mongol tribe)


ᡴᠠᠯᡴᠠ

From Classical Mongolian ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠ (qalk-a, “shield; Khalka”).


ᠠᡳᡥᠠ ᡧᡠᡧᡠ

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ᠠᡳᡥᠠ
ᡧᡠᡧᡠ • (aiha šušu)


ᠰᡳᠯᡠᠨ

Maybe from a Mongolic language, compare Mongolian шилүүс (šilüüs).


ᠠᡩᡠᠨ

ᡳᡥᠠᠨ
ᠠᡩᡠᠨ

ᡥᠣᠨᡳᠨ
ᠠᡩᡠᠨ


ᡝᠯᠪᡳᡥᡝ

Nyctereutes procyonoides
Nyctereutes procyonoides#Translingual


ᡴᡠᠪᡠᠨ

From Mongolic, compare Mongolian хөвөн (xövön).


ᡨᠠᡵᠪᠠᡥᡳ

Ultimately borrowed from Proto-Mongolic *tarbagan. Cognate with Mongolian тарвага (tarvaga).


ᠠᡳᠰᡳᠨ

→ Nanai: айсин (ajsin)

Possibly the continuation of a dialectal form whose original pronunciation could have been *[añcün]. Cognate with Jurchen antʃu-un (“gold”), whence Manchu ᠠᠨᠴᡠᠨ (ancun, “earring”). Compare Proto-Turkic *altun (“gold”), Mongolian ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ (altan, “gold”).


ᡩᡝᡵᡤᡳ ᠠᠪᡴᠠ

御製增訂清文鑑 卷一 天部 天文類 第一
ᡨᡠᠮᡝᠨ
ᠵᠠᡴᠠ
ᠪᡝ
ᡝᠯᠪᡝᡥᡝ
ᠪᡝ
ᠵᠣᡵᡳᠮᡝ
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠮᠪᡳᡥᡝᡩᡝ᠈
ᡩᡝᡵᡤᡳ
ᠠᠪᡴᠠ
ᠰᡝᠮᠪᡳ᠉
tumen jaka be elbehe be jorime gisurembihede, dergi abka sembi.
The word that refers to something that covers everything is called heaven.


ᠨᡳᠣᡥᠣᠨ ᠠᠪᡴᠠ

ᠨᡳᠣᡥᠣᠨ (niohon, “(light) green”) + ᠠᠪᡴᠠ (abka, “sky”). Semantically, compare Chinese 青天 (qīngtiān, “blue sky”) and 蒼天／苍天 (cāngtiān, “blue sky”).

com

御製增訂清文鑑 卷一 天部 天文類 第一
ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ
ᠪᠣᠴᠣ
ᠪᡝ
ᠵᠣᡵᡳᠮᡝ
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠮᠪᡳᡥᡝᡩᡝ᠈
ᠨᡳᠣᡥᠣᠨ
ᠠᠪᡴᠠ
ᠰᡝᠮᠪᡳ᠉
abkai boco be jorime gisurembihede, niohon abka sembi.

The word that refers to the color of the sky, is called blue sky.


ᡤᡝᠩᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨ ᠠᠪᡴᠠ

御製增訂清文鑑 卷一 天部 天文類 第一
ᡨᡠᡤᡳ
ᠰᡠᡴᡩᡠᠨ
ᠠᡴᡡ
ᡠᠮᡝᠰᡳ
ᠪᠣᠯᡤᠣ
ᡤᡝᡨᡠᡴᡝᠨ
ᠪᡝ᠈
ᡤᡝᠩᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨ
ᠠᠪᡴᠠ
ᠰᡝᠮᠪᡳ᠉
tugi sukdun akū umesi bolgo getuken be, genggiyen abka sembi.
The sky, which is very clear without clouds, is called clear sky.


ᡠᠯᡩᡝᠨ

御製增訂清文鑑 卷一 天部 天文類 第一
ᠠᠯᡳᠨ
ᠵᠠᡴᠠᡵᠠᡵᠠ
ᠣᠩᡤᠣᠯᠣ
ᡨᡠᠴᡳᡵᡝ
ᡝᠯᡩᡝᠨ
ᠪᡝ᠈
ᡠᠯᡩᡝᠨ
ᠰᠠᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ
ᠰᡝᠮᠪᡳ᠉
alin jakarara onggolo tucire elden be, ulden sabumbi sembi.
The light that appears before the daybreak is called dawn.


ᡤᡝᡵᠰᡳ ᡶᡝᡵᠰᡳ

御製增訂清文鑑 卷一 天部 天文類 第一
ᡤᡝᡵᡝᠮᡝ
ᡥᠠᠮᡳᡴᠠ
ᠪᡝ᠈
ᡤᡝᡵᠰᡳ
ᡶᡝᡵᠰᡳ
ᠰᡝᠮᠪᡳ᠉
gereme hamika be, gersi fersi sembi.
When it's going to be clear, it's called dawn.


ᠮᡳᠶᠣᠣᠴᠠᠨ

→ Nanai: миоча̄н (miočān)

Borrowed from Mandarin 鳥槍 /鸟枪 (niǎoqiāng).


ᠣᡴᡨᠣ

From Proto-Tungusic *okta (“medicine”). Cognate with Ulch окто (okto).


ᡨᠣᠯᡤᡳᠨ

# From Proto-Tungusic *tolkin, compare Evenki толкин (tolkin).
# Sometimes seen as related to Mongolian төлгө (tölgö, “mantic, voodooism”), or Turkish düş (“dream”), Bashkir төш (töş) and Chuvash тӗлӗк (tĕlĕk).


ᠮᡝᠨᡨᡠ

Borrowed from Chinese 饅頭 /馒头 (“steamed bun”).

Chinese steamed bun (without filling); mantou


ᠸᠠᡴᡧᠠᠨ

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ᠸᠠᡴᡧᠠᠨ • (wakšan)

wakšan (romanization)
ᠸᠠᡴᡮᠠᠨ (alternative)


ᡥᠠᡳᠯᠠᠨ

elm (a tree of the genus Ulmus of the family Ulmaceae)

ᡥᠠᡳᠯᠠᠨ
ᠪᡝ
ᠰᠠᠪᡠᡶᡳ
ᠪᡠᠵᠠᠨ
ᠪᡝ
ᠰᠠᠪᡠᡵᠠᡴᡡ


ᠪᡠᠯᠠ ᠰᠣᡤᡳ

ᠪᡠᠯᠠ (bula, “thorn”) + ᠰᠣᡤᡳ (sogi, “vegetable”)

com

Spinacia oleracea
Spinacia oleracea#Translingual


ᠪᡠᠯᡠᡴᠠᠨ ᡧᡝᡵᡳ

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ᠪᡠᠯᡠᡴᠠᠨ
ᡧᡝᡵᡳ • (bulukan šeri)

ᠪᡠᠯᡠᡴᠠᠨ (bulukan, “warm”) + ᡧᡝᡵᡳ (šeri, “spring; fountain”)


ᠶᠠᠮᡠᠨ

Borrowed from Chinese 衙門 /衙门 (“office; bureau”).


ᠮᠠᠪᡠ

rag; wiping cloth; dusting cloth; cleaning cloth


ᡩᡠᡴᠠᡳ ᡝᠨᡩᡠᡵᡳ

ᡩᡠᡴᠠᡳ (dukai, “of the door”) + ᡝᠨᡩᡠᡵᡳ (enduri, “god”), literally “god of the door”

(Chinese folk religion) door god (Chinese deity thought to protect people from evil spirits)


ᡳᠨᠵᡝᡴᡠ

something to laugh about; laughing stock; punch line


ᡤᡡᠸᠠ

head

ᡤᡡᠸᠠ • (gūwa)

From Proto-Tungusic *gia, compare Evenki гэ (gə), Nanai гой (goj).


ᠴᠠᡥᡡ

ᠴᠠᡥᡡ • (cahū)

(offensive) unpleasant woman; shrew; virago; vixen


ᠴᠠᡥᡡ

ᠴᠠᡥᡡ • (cahū)

Borrowed from Chinese 茶壺 /茶壶 (cháhú, “teapot”).


ᠮᡠᡴᡝ ᡳᡥᠠᠨ

ᠮᡠᡴᡝ (muke, “water”) + ᡳᡥᠠᠨ (ihan, “bovine”)


ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣᠰᠣ

ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ#Manchu


ᡩᠣᡵᡤᡳ ᠶᠠᠮᡠᠨ

ᡩᠣᡵᡤᡳ (dorgi, “internal”) + ᠶᠠᠮᡠᠨ (yamun, “bureau”)

(historical) Grand Secretariat (in the Qing dynasty)


ᠮᡝᡩᡝᡵᡳ ᡨᡠᠯᡝᡵᡤᡳ

ᠮᡝᡩᡝᡵᡳ (mederi, “sea”) + ᡨᡠᠯᡝᡵᡤᡳ (tulergi, “outside”). Calque of Chinese 海外 (hǎiwài).


ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠ

ᠰᠠᡳᠨ
ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠ

ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠ
ᡠᡶᠠᡵᠠᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ

ᡝᡵᡝ
ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠ
ᠶᠠᡵᡤᡳᠶᡡᠨ᠉

ᡩᡠᠪᡝᠨᡨᡝᠯᡝ
ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠ
ᠸᠠᡴᠠ᠉

means; solution; way (of doing something)


ᡨᠠᠴᡳᠮᠰᡳ

(historical) student of the National Imperial Academy (Guozijian)


ᡥᠣᠯᠪᠣᠨ

ᡥᠣᠯᠪᠣᠨ ᡳ
ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠ


ᡩᠣᠪᠣᡵᡳ

Form Proto-Tungusic *dolba, cognate with Evenki долбони (dolboņi).

ᡝᡵᡝ
ᡩᠣᠪᠣᡵᡳ


ᠵᡠᠸᠠᠨ ᠵᡠᠸᡝ ᡤᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ

ᠵᡠᠸᠠᠨ
ᠵᡠᠸᡝ (juwan juwe, “twelve”) + ᡤᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ (gargan, “branch”). Calque of Chinese 十二支 (shí'èrzhī).


ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ

From Classical Mongolian ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ (bayan). Cognate with Bala 巴彥 (bayan).

man of wealth; rich person; affluent person


ᡤᠠᠰᠠᠴᡠᠨ

ᡤᠠᠰᠠ᠊ (gasa-, “to resent; to hate”) + ᠊ᠴᡠᠨ (-cun)

affix

ᡤᠠᠰᠠᠴᡠᠨ ᡳ
ᡝᡵᡩᡝᠮᡠ
ᡩᡝ
ᡴᠠᡵᡠᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ


ᠴᡳᠰᡠ

ᠴᡳᠰᡠ ᡳ
ᡥᡝᡨᡥᡝ

ᠴᡳᠰᡠ
ᠠᡴᡡ


ᠴᡳᠰᡠᡳ

ᠴᡳᠰᡠ ᠴᡳᠰᡠ#Manchu


ᡶᡠᠨ

(numismatics) 0.01 yuan (or dollar, etc.); cent


ᡶᡠᠨ

ᠪᡝᠶᡝ ᠪᡝᠶᡝ#Manchu

(⁓ ᠪᡝᠶᡝ (beye)) that person himself or herself, the person in question


ᠶᠠᡴᠴᠠ

(by extension) a ferocious and hideous looking person


ᡧᡠ

ᡧᡠ
ᡤᡝᠩᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨ

ᡧᡠ
ᡶᡳᠶᡝᠯᡝᠨ

writing; literary composition; literature


ᡧᡠ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ

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ᡧᡠ
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ • (šu gisun)

ᡧᡠ (šu, “writing”) + ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ (gisun, “language”).

compound

literary genre; literary style; literary form


ᡧᡠ ᡤᡝᠩᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨ

head

ᡧᡠ
ᡤᡝᠩᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨ • (šu genggiyen)

ᡧᡠ (šu, “culture”) + ᡤᡝᠩᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨ (genggiyen, “bright; enlightened”). Calque of Chinese 文明 (wénmíng).


ᡨᠠᠴᡳᠨ

ᠴᡝᠨᡳ
ᡨᠠᠴᡳᠨ
ᡠᠮᡝᠰᡳ
ᡝᡥᡝ᠉

1723, Tulišen, 異域錄 [Narrative of the Chinese Embassy to the Khan of the Tourgouth Tartars]:


ᡨᠠᠨᠠ

→ Pyongan Korean: 타내 (tanae, “earring”)

desc

→⇒ Hamgyong Korean: 월귀탄 (wolgwitan, “earring”)

From Middle Mongol, compare Mongolian тана (tana, “mother-of-pearl”).

cog

ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ
ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ
ᠰᠠᡳᠨ
ᡨᠠᠨᠠ
ᠪᡝ
ᠪᠠᡳᡵᡝ
ᡥᡡᡩᠠᡧᠠᡵᠠ
ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ
ᡩᡝ
ᠠᡩᠠᠯᡳ᠈
ᡨᡝᡵᡝ
ᡥᡡᡩᠠ
ᠮᠠᠩᡤᠠ
ᡨᠠᠨᠠ
ᠪᡝ
ᠪᠠᡳᠮᡝ
ᠪᠠᡥᠠᡶᡳ᠈
ᡳᠨᡩᡝ
ᠪᡳᠰᡳᡵᡝᠩᡤᡝ
ᠪᡝ
ᠶᠣᠣᠨᡳ
ᡠᠨᠴᠠᡶᡳ᠈
ᡨᡝᡵᡝ
ᡨᠠᠨᠠ
ᠪᡝ
ᡠᡩᠠᡥᠠᠪᡳ᠉

1835, S. V. Lipovtsov, transl., Musei ejen isus heristos i tutabuha ice hese [The New Testament of Our Lord Jesus Christ]:

The kingdom of heaven is like unto a merchant man, seeking goodly pearls: Who, when he had found one pearl of great price, went and sold all that he had, and bought it.

abkai gurun sain tana be baire hūdašara niyalma de adali, tere hūda mangga tana be baime bahafi, inde bisirengge be yooni uncafi, tere tana be udahabi.

pearl, especially valuable freshwater pearls found in Northeastern China


ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ

ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ (abkai, “of heaven”) + ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (gurun, “kingdom”).


ᡥᡳᠰᡝ

opera singer; actor (especially performer of Chinese opera)


ᠴᡠᡴᡡᠯᡠ

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ᠴᡠᡴᡡᠯᡠ • (cukūlu)

ᡳᠨᡳ
ᠶᠠᠰᠠ
ᠴᡠᡴᡡᠯᡠ
ᠪᡳᠴᡳᠪᡝ᠈
ᡝᠮᡠ
ᡤᠠᠪᡨᠠᠨ
ᠪᠠ ᡳ
ᠵᠠᡴᠠ
ᠪᡝ
ᡴᡝᠮᡠᠨᡳ
ᠰᠠᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ᠉

Although his eyes suffer from myopia, he can still see things one jian away.

ini yasa cukūlu bicibe, emu gabtan ba-i jaka be kemuni sabumbi.

(pathology) myopia; nearsightedness; shortsightedness


ᠰᡠᡵᠠᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *sure, compare Nanai сора (sora).


ᠪᡳᡴᠴᡠ

Borrowed from Sanskrit भिक्षुणी (bhikṣuṇī).


ᠮᠣᡵᡳᠰᠠ

ᠮᠣᡵᡳᠨ ᠮᠣᡵᡳᠨ#Manchu


ᡩᠠᠰᠠᠨ

ᡩᠠᠰᠠᠨ ᡳ
ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠ


ᡩᠠᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᡠᠨ

ᡩᠠᠰᠠᠨ (dasan, “politics”) + ᠶᠠᠮᡠᠨ (yamun, “office”)


ᡨᠠᡨᠠᡴᡡ

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ᡨᠠᡨᠠᡴᡡ • (tatakū)

ᡨᠠᡨᠠ᠊ (tata-, “to pull, draw”) + ᠊ᡴᡡ (-kū)


ᡩᡠᠯᡝᡶᡠᠨ

ᡠᠶᡠᠨᠵᡠ
ᡩᡠᠯᡝᡶᡠᠨ

(geometry) degree (a unit of measurement of angle)


ᡠᡳᡤᡠᡵ

Uyghur (a Turkic ethnic group living in northwestern China and southeastern Kazakhstan).


ᠰᡠᠰᡠ

ᠴᠠᠩ
ᠠᠨ
ᠪᡝ
ᡨᡠᠸᠠ
ᠰᡳᠨᡩᠠᡵᠠ
ᠵᠠᡴᠠᡩᡝ᠈
ᡤᡝᠮᡠ
ᠰᡠᠰᡠ
ᠣᡥᠣᠪᡳ᠉

1650, Luo Guanzhong, translated by Kicungge, Fan Wencheng, Garin, et al., ᡳᠯᠠᠨ
ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᡳ
ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ [ilan gurun-i bithe, Romance of the Three Kingdoms]:

(They) set Chang'an on fire, then the city fell into complete ruin.

ᡩᠠ
ᠰᡠᠰᡠ


ᠰᡳᠪᡝ

Xibe, a Tungusic ethnic group living in northwestern and northeastern China.


ᡶᡠᠰᡠᡴᡠ

From ᡶᡠᠰᡠ᠊ (fusu-, “to sprinkle”) + ᠊ᡴᡠ (-ku).


ᠸᠠᡴᠠ

ᡨᡝᡵᡝ
ᠮᡳᠨᡳ
ᠸᠠᡴᠠ
ᡩᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠ᠉


ᠸᠠᡴᠠᠯᠠᠨ

From ᠸᠠᡴᠠᠯᠠ᠊ (wakala-, “to blame”) + ᠊ᠨ (-n).

negligence; the act of neglecting one's duty


ᡦᠣᠣ

ᡦᠣᠣ ᡳ
ᡴᠠᡵᠠᠨ

ᡦᠣᠣ ᡳ
ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ


ᠰᡝᡵᡴᡳᠨ

Xibe: ᠰᡝᠷᡣᡞᠨ (serkin)

ᠰᡝᡵᡴᡳ ᠰᡝᡵᡴᡳ#Manchu


ᡥᡝᡧᡝᠨ

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ᡥᡝᡧᡝᠨ • (hešen)

ᡥᡝᡧᡝᠨ ᡳ
ᠪᠠ

ᡥᡝᡧᡝᠨ ᡳ
ᠸᡝᡥᡝ


ᡥᠠᠶᠠᠨ

wanton person; licentious person; lustful person


ᡥᠠᡧᠠ

ᡥᠠᡧᠠ • (haša)


ᠰᠠᡵᠯᡠᡴ

Most likely from a Turkic source. Compare Tuvan сарлык (sarlık) and Mongolian ᠰᠠᠷᠯᠤᠭ (sarlug).


ᠵᡝᠯᡠ

zh-l

哲羅魚／哲罗鱼 (zhéluóyú)

→ Chinese: 哲羅魚／哲罗鱼 (zhéluóyú)


ᠵᡝᠮᡦᡳᠨ

Borrowed from Chinese 煎餅 /煎饼 (jiānbǐng).

jianbing (thin, fried egg Chinese pancake similar to a crepe); flatbread; fried pancake


ᠵᡠᡧᡠᡵᡠ

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ᠵᡠᡧᡠᡵᡠ • (jušuru)

rule; ruler (measuring or drawing device)

chi; Chinese foot (a traditional Chinese unit of distance)


ᡶᠠᠯᠠᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *pale, compare Nanai палан (palan).


ᡥᠣᡳᠰᡝ

Borrowed from Mandarin 回子 (huízi, “Muslim”).


ᡵᠠᡴᡧᠠ

head

ᡵᠠᡴᡧᠠ • (rakša)

Borrowed from Sanskrit राक्षस (rākṣasa).


ᠶᠠᠪᡠᠨ

one's character or disposition towards others


ᠨᡳᠩᡤᡠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠᠨ

From ᠨᡳᠩᡤᡠᠨ (ninggun, “six”) + ᠠᠴᠠᠨ (acan, “conjunction”). Calque of Chinese 六合.

com

the six directions – east, west, north, south, up and down


ᠰᡠᠨᠵᠠ ᡥᠠᠴᡳᠨ ᡳ ᠵᡝᡴᡠ

head

ᠰᡠᠨᠵᠠ ᡥᠠᠴᡳᠨ ᡳ ᠵᡝᡴᡠ

ᠰᡠᠨᠵᠠ
ᡥᠠᠴᡳᠨ ᡳ
ᠵᡝᡴᡠ • (sunja hacin-i jeku)


ᠵᡠᠸᡝᠨᠣᡶᡳ

ᠵᡠᠸᡝ ᠨᠣᡶᡳ
ᠵᡠᠸᡝ ᠨᠣᡶᡳ#Manchu

ᠵᡠᠸᡝ ᠨᠣᡶᡳ
ᠵᡠᠸᡝ ᠨᠣᡶᡳ#Manchu

alternative spelling of ᠵᡠᠸᡝ
ᠨᠣᡶᡳ (juwe nofi)


ᠵᡠᠸᡝ ᠨᠣᡶᡳ

juwe nofi (romanization)
ᠵᡠᠸᡝᠨᠣᡶᡳ (alternative)


ᠵᡠᠸᡝ ᠪᡳᠶᠠ

ᠵᡠᠸᡝ (juwe, “two”) + ᠪᡳᠶᠠ (biya, “month”)

com

the modern name for the second month of the Chinese lunar calendar


ᠨᠣᡶᡳ

ᠵᡠᠸᡝ
ᠨᠣᡶᡳ

ᡳᠯᠠᠨᠣᡶᡳ

(only used in compounds) persons; people


ᠠᠴᠠᠨ

ᠠᠴᠠ᠊ (aca-, “to join; to connect”) + ᠊ᠨ (-n)


ᠠᠴᠠᠨ ᡤᡳᡵᠠᠩᡤᡳ

ᠠᠴᠠᠨ (acan, “conjunction”) + ᡤᡳᡵᠠᠩᡤᡳ (giranggi, “bone”)


ᠪᡠᡩᠠ

From Proto-Mongolic *budaxan, ultimately from Proto-Turkic [Term?]. Compare Turkish buğday (“wheat”), Mongolian ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭ
ᠠ (budag a, “grain; meal”).


ᠰᠠᡳᡥᡡᠸᠠ

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ᠰᠠᡳᡥᡡᠸᠠ • (saihūwa)


ᠠᠵᡳᡤᡝ ᠮᡳᠶᠣᠣᠴᠠᠨ

From ᠠᠵᡳᡤᡝ (ajige, “small”) + ᠮᡳᠶᠣᠣᠴᠠᠨ (miyoocan, “musket”), literally “small musket”.


ᡷᡳᡥᡳᠶᠠᠨ

(historical) head of a county; county magistrate


ᡥᡡᠪᠠᡵᠠᡴ

head

ᡥᡡᠪᠠᡵᠠᡴ • (hūbarak)


ᡥᡡᠪᡳᠯᡤᠠᠨ

ᡥᡡᠪᡳᠯᡤᠠᠨ • (hūbilgan)


ᡡᡵᡝᠨ

ᡡᡵᡝᠨ • (ūren)

icon or statue of the Shakyamuni Buddha, or other venerated buddhas and boddhisatvas

any icon or statue depicting a god, saint, or immortal


ᠨᡳᠣᠨᡳᠣ

ᠵᡠᠰᡝ
ᠨᡳᠣᠨᡳᠣ
ᠰᠠᡳᠶᡡᠨ᠉


ᠣᠣᡯᡝ

(dated) a Japanese person; Japanese people


ᠵᡳᠵᡠᠨ

ᠵᡳᠵᡠ᠊ (jiju-, “to write; to draw”) + ᠊ᠨ (-n)

affix

stroke of a Chinese character; stroke of a Manchu script


ᠵᠠᡥᠠᡵᡳ

Compare Nanai дяхар (ʒahar), Korean 자갈 (jagal, “gravel”).


ᠣᠯᠣ

Cannabis sativa
Cannabis sativa#Translingual

hemp; Cannabis sativa (a tall annual herb native to Asia)

ᠣᠯᠣ
ᡶᡠᡨᠠ

various products of this plant, including fibers


ᠮᠠᠮᡤᡳᠶᠠ

Malus asiatica
Malus asiatica#Translingual

Chinese pear-leaved crabapple
w:en:Chinese pear-leaved crabapple

Malus asiatica (Chinese pear-leaved crabapple)


ᠠᠨ

one's part, role or duty (that he or she is supposed to do)


ᠪᠠᡳᡴᡡ

head

ᠪᠠᡳᡴᡡ • (baikū)


ᠪᡳᡤᠠᠨ

outdoors; open country; wilderness; field; plain


ᠪᡳᠩ ᡦᡳᠶᠠᠨ

traditional Chinese medicine
traditional Chinese medicine

(traditional Chinese medicine) borneol, a bicyclic organic compound and a terpene, easily oxidized to the ketone yielding camphor.


ᠣᠪᠣᠩᡤᡳ

foam (substance composed of a large collection of bubbles); bubble; froth; head (of beer)


ᡥᡡᡩᠠ

ᡥᡡᡩᠠ • (hūda)

→ Äynu: hatta (“market”)

From Proto-Tungusic *xuda-. Compare Nanai хода (hoda, “price”). Probably related to Mongolian худалдах (xudaldax, “to trade”).

cog

ᡥᡡᡩᠠᡳ
ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ

price; amount of money needed to pay for something


ᡤᠠᠯᠠ ᡥᡠᡵᡠ

Compound of ᡤᠠᠯᠠ (gala, “hand”) + ᡥᡠᡵᡠ (huru, “back”), literally “back of the hand”.


ᠣᠯᠵᡳ

From Middle Mongol [script needed] (olža), cognate to modern Mongolian олж (olž, “finding, acquisition”).


ᡩᠠᠪᠰᡠᠨ ᠨᠣᠣᡵ

ᡩᠠᠪᠰᡠᠨ (dabsun, “salt”) + ᠨᠣᠣᡵ (noor, “lake”)


ᠴᠠᡤᠠᠨ

From Classical Mongolian ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ (čaɣan, “white”).


ᡤᠣᠪᡳ

From Classical Mongolian ᠭᠣᠪᠢ (ɣobi), whence also English Gobi.


ᠪᠣᡩᡳᠰᠠᡨᡠ

From Classical Mongolian [script needed] (bodisadu), ultimately from Sanskrit बोधिसत्त्व (bodhisattva).

bodhisattva (Buddhist figures of compassion)


ᠪᠣᡶᡠᠨ

cloth wrapper; bundle; bundle wrapped in cloth


ᡳᠨᡠ

accuracy, exactness, correctness, precision


ᡬᠠᠯᠠᠪ

From Sanskrit कल्प (kalpa, “formation”).


ᡩᡝᠩᠯᡠ

From Chinese 燈籠 /灯笼 (dēnglóng), possibly through Mongolian ᠳᠧᠩᠯᠦ (dēnglü).


ᠰᡳᡴᠰᡝ

Inherited from Proto-Tungusic *sīkse (“evening”). Cognate with Evenki сиксэ (siksə, “evening”).


ᡨᡝᡥᡝ ᠮᡠᡴᡝ

ᡨᡝᡥᡝ (tehe) (past participle of ᡨᡝᠮᠪᡳ (tembi, “to store up”)) + ᠮᡠᡴᡝ (muke, “water”)


ᠠᡵᠠᡥᠠ ᠠᠮᠠ

Compound of ᠠᡵᠠᡥᠠ (araha, past participle of ᠠᡵᠠᠮᠪᡳ (arambi, “to make”)) + ᠠᠮᠠ (ama, “father”), literally “father who is made (to be father)”.


ᠠᡵᠠᡥᠠ ᡝᠨᡳᠶᡝ

Compound of ᠠᡵᠠᡥᠠ (araha, past participle of ᠠᡵᠠᠮᠪᡳ (arambi, “to make”)) + ᡝᠨᡳᠶᡝ (eniye, “mother”), literally “mother who is made (to be mother)”.


ᠴᠣᡵᠣᠨ

hujia, a kind of reed pipe adopted by the Chinese from nomadic peoples of Central Asia


ᠴᠣᡵᠣᠨ

tent stretched and sustained by wooden poles


ᠵᡳᠩᠰᡝ

(historical) official cap button in the Qing dynasty


ᡶᡳᠶᠠᡴᠰᠠ

Taxus cuspidata
Taxus cuspidata#Translingual


ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ

ᠠᠪᡴᠠ ᠠᠪᡴᠠ#Manchu


ᠪᠣᠣᠪᠠᡳ

treasured object; valuable object; treasure


ᠠᡳᠮᠠᠨ

(historical) the system of Chinese ethnic minority hierarchies in which power is passed on according to hereditary relationships


ᡨᠠᡨᠠᡵᠠ ᠪᠣᠣ

Compound of ᡨᠠᡨᠠᡵᠠ (tatara, non-past participle of ᡨᠠᡨᠠᠮᠪᡳ (tatambi, “to stay the night”)) + ᠪᠣᠣ (boo, “house”).


ᠪᡝᡳᠯᡝ

→ Chagatai:

→ Uyghur:

Arabic script: بېلى (bëli)

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠪᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡ (beyile)

Mongolian:

Mongolian script: ᠪᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡ (beyile)

Cyrillic script: бэйл (bejl)

→ Tuvan: бээли (beeli)

→ Mandarin: 貝勒 /贝勒 (bèile)

Inherited from Jurchen  (*bə[ɡ]i-lə, “commander, chieftain”), which has been recorded in Chinese sources as 勃極烈 (bójíliè) and 孛堇 (bójǐn).

inh+

beile (noble title of the Jurchens and later the Manchus)

ᡩᠣᡵᠣᡳ ᠪᡝᡳᠯᡝ
ᡩᠣᡵᠣᡳ ᠪᡝᡳᠯᡝ#Manchu

ᡩᠣᡵᠣᡳ ᠪᡝᡳᠯᡝ
ᡩᠣᡵᠣᡳ ᠪᡝᡳᠯᡝ#Manchu

short for ᡩᠣᡵᠣᡳ
ᠪᡝᡳᠯᡝ (doroi beile, “Prince of the Third Rank”)


ᠮᠠᠯᡠ

bottle for any kind of alcoholic beverage (often a large one)


ᡳᠯᡤᠠ

ᡳᠯᡥᠠ ᡳᠯᡥᠠ#Manchu


ᠣᠩᡤᠣᠰᡠ

From ᠣᠩᡤᠣ᠊ (onggo-, “to forget”) + ᠊ᠰᡠ (-su).


ᡥᡡᠰᡠᡵᡳ

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ᡥᡡᠰᡠᡵᡳ • (hūsuri)


ᠮᠠᡩᠠᡤᠠᠨ

(finance) interest (on mortgages or savings)

(accounting, economics) profit (excess of revenue over cost)


ᠴᡳᡵᡠᡴᡠ

From ᠴᡳᡵᡠ᠊ (ciru-, “to pillow”) + ᠊ᡴᡠ (-ku).

ᠴᡳᡵᡴᡠ ᠴᡳᡵᡴᡠ#Manchu

(dated) alternative spelling of ᠴᡳᡵᡴᡠ (cirku)


ᡡᠯᡝᠨ

ᡡᠯᡝᠨ • (ūlen)


ᠨᡝᠮᡝᡵᡥᡝᠨ

raincoat woven from straw or palm fiber (often worn by peasants in ancient China)


ᠣᡧᠣᡥᠣ

ᠣᡧᠣᡥᠣ • (ošoho)

From Proto-Tungusic *xosikta, from *xosi. Compare Evenki осикта (osikta).


ᡩᡠᡳᠪᡠᠯᡝᠨ

From ᡩᡠᡳᠪᡠᠯᡝ᠊ (duibule-, “to compare”) + ᠊ᠨ (-n).


ᡥᠠᡵᡤᠠᡧᠠᠨ

head

ᡥᠠᡵᡤᠠᡧᠠᠨ • (hargašan)

ᡥᠠᡵᡤᠠᡧᠠ᠊ (hargaša-, “to look up”) + ᠊ᠨ (-n)

affix

royal court; imperial court; imperial government


ᡨᠣᡴᡨᠣᡥᠣ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ

From ᡨᠣᡴᡨᠣᡥᠣ (toktoho, “fixed”) + ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ (gisun, “words”), literally “fixed words”.

com

idiomatic expression; set phrase; chengyu


ᠯᠠᠪᠠ

Borrowed from Chinese 喇叭 (lǎba), from Mongolian ᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ (labai, “sea shell; conch”).


ᠵᠠᠪᠵᠠᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *ʒabda, compare Even дябда (ʒaʙda), Nanai дябдян (ʒabʒan).


ᠵᠠᠰᡝ

ᡩᠠᡳᠮᡳᠩ
ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᡳ
ᠵᠠᠰᡝᡳ
ᠵᠠᡴᠠᡳ
ᡳᡵᡤᡝᠨ
ᠠᠨᡳᠶᠠ
ᡩᠠᡵᡳ
ᠵᠠᠰᡝ
ᡨᡠᠴᡳᡶᡳ
ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ
ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᡳ
ᠪᠠᡩᡝ
ᠮᡝᠩᡤᡠᠨ
ᡶᡝᡨᡝᠮᡝ
ᠣᡵᡥᠣᡩᠠ
ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠮᡝ
ᡥᡡᡵᡳ
ᠮᡝᡤᡠ
ᠰᠠᠨᠴᠠ
ᠪᠠᡳᠮᠪᡳ᠉

The people in the Ming empire's border area cross the border every year. In the Manchurian region, they dig silver ore, search for ginseng, pine nuts, mushrooms and wood ears.

daiming gurun-i jasei jakai irgen aniya dari jase tucifi manju gurun-i bade menggun feteme orhoda gurume hūri megu sanca baimbi.


ᠠᠨᡨᠠᡥᠠᠰᡳ

ᠠᠨᡨᠠᡥᠠ ᠠᠨᡨᠠᡥᠠ#Manchu


ᠨᡳᡵᡠᡤᠠᠨ

From ᠨᡳᡵᡠ᠊ (niru-, “to draw”) + ᠊ᡤᠠᠨ (-gan).


ᡦᠠᠩᡥᠠᡳ

Borrowed from Chinese 螃蟹 (pángxiè, “crab”).


ᡦᠣᠴᠣᠩ

[pʰɔ.t͡ʃʰɔŋ]

(onomatopoeia) sound of object falling into water; plop


ᡦᡠᠰᠠ

From Chinese 菩薩 /菩萨 (púsà, “bodhisattva”), ultimately from Sanskrit बोधिसत्त्व (bodhisattva), whence Manchu ᠪᠣᡩᡳᠰᠠᡨᡠ (bodisatu, “bodhisattva”).


ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᡥᡝᠨ

ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝ᠊ (jukte-, “to consecrate”) + ᠊ᡥᡝᠨ (-hen).


ᠠᠪᠠ

From a Mongolic language, compare Mongolian ав (av).

hunting (the act of finding and killing wild animals)


ᠵᡳᠩ ᡥᡳᠶᠠᠩ

ᠪᠣᠣᡳ
ᡩᠣᠯᠣ
ᡝᠮᡠ
ᡥᡝᡥᡝ
ᠵᡳᠩ
ᡥᡳᠶᠠᠩ
ᠰᡝᠮᡝ
ᡴᠠᡳᠴᠠᠮᡝ
ᡩᠠᠩᠰᡳᠮᡝ
ᠪᡳ᠉


ᠰᡝᠵᡝᠰᡳ

ᠰᡝᠵᡝ᠊ (seje-, “cart; land wheeled vehicle”) + ᠊ᠰᡳ (-si)


ᠰᡝᡵᡴᡳ

serki (romanization)
ᠰᡝᡵᡴᡳᠨ (alternative)


ᠠᡥᡡᠨᡨᠠ

head

ᠠᡥᡡᠨᡨᠠ • (ahūnta)

ᠠᡥᡡᠨ ᠠᡥᡡᠨ#Manchu


ᡶᠠᠯᠠᠰᡠ

enamel (opaque or semi-transparent glossy substance)


ᡧᠣᡤᡝ

ᡧᠣᡤᡝ • (šoge)

(historical, numismatics) sycee; yuanbao (various gold and silver ingots used as currency in imperial China)


ᡶᡠᡵᡤᡳᠰᡠ

From ᡶᡠᡵᡤᡳ᠊ (furgi-, “spicy”) + ᠊ᠰᡠ (-su).


ᡩᠣ

From Proto-Tungusic *dō, compare Even до (do), Nanai до (do).


ᡤᡳᠶᠠ

ᡤᡳᠶᠠᡳ ᡤᡳᠶᠠᡳ#Manchu


ᠮᡝᡩᡝᡵᡳ ᡩᠣᡵᡤᡳ

ᠮᡝᡩᡝᡵᡳ (mederi, “sea”) + ᡩᠣᡵᡤᡳ (dorgi, “inside”). Calque of Chinese 海內 /海内 (hǎinèi).


ᠰᠠᡵᠠᠰᡠ

From ᠰᠠᡵᠠ᠊ (sara-) (non-past participle of ᠰᠠᠮᠪᡳ (sambi)) + ᠊ᠰᡠ (-su).

affix

non-past participle of <i class="Mong mnc-Mong mention" lang="mnc">ᠰᠠᠮᠪᡳ</i> (sambi)


ᡨᡝᡵᡴᡳᠨ

ᡨᡝᡵᡴᡳ᠊ (terki-, “to jump; to leap”) + ᠊ᠨ (-n)

terrace in front of a main hall, with stairs on three of its sides


ᡥᡡᡳ

ᡥᡡᡳ
ᠰᡝᠮᡝ
ᠯᡳᠶᡝᠯᡳᠶᡝᠮᠪᡳ

(onomatopoeia) the state of feeling head spinning; the state of having vertigo


ᠨᠠᡩᠠᠨ ᠪᡳᠶᠠ

ᠨᠠᡩᠠᠨ (nadan, “seven”) + ᠪᡳᠶᠠ (biya, “month”)

com

The modern name of the seventh month of the Chinese lunar calendar.


ᠶᠠᠰᠠᡳ

ᠶᠠᠰᠠ ᠶᠠᠰᠠ#Manchu


ᡶᡠᡩᡝᡥᡝ ᠵᠠᡴᠠ

From ᡶᡠᡩᡝᡥᡝ (fudehe, past participle of ᡶᡠᡩᡝᠮᠪᡳ (fudembi, “to present a gift”)) + ᠵᠠᡴᠠ (jaka, “thing; stuff”).


ᡨᡝᡵᡝ ᠵᠠᡴᠠ

ᡨᡝᡵᡝ (tere, “that”) + ᠵᠠᡴᠠ (jaka, “thing”), literally “that thing”


ᡝᠯᠴᡳᠨ

From Proto-Mongolic, compare Mongolian элч (elč).


ᡧᡳᠮᡳᠨ

head

ᡧᡳᠮᡳᠨ • (šimin)

Probably from English cement. See also Mandarin 士敏土 (shìmǐntǔ).


ᠪᡠᡥᠠ

From Proto-Turkic *buka (“bull”), via Proto-Mongolic *buka (“bull”).


ᡧᠣᠩᡴᠣᡵᠣ

ᡧᠣᠩᡴᠣᡵᠣ • (šongkoro)

[ʃɔŋ.qʰɔ.rɔ]

From Mongolian ᠱᠣᠩᠬᠤᠷ (šongqur, “falcon”).


ᠨᡳᠮᠠᡥᠠ ᠪᡠᡨᠠᡵᠠ ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ

ᠨᡳᠮᠠᡥᠠ
ᠪᡠᡨᠠᡵᠠ
ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ • (nimaha butara niyalma)

en-ᠨᡳᠮᠠᡥᠠ_ᠪᡠᡨᠠᡵᠠ_ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ-mnc-noun-2ozHkJBV


ᡠᠯᡥᡠ

From Proto-Tungusic *xulukī, compare Evenki улукӣ (ulukī), Nanai хулу (hulu).


ᡥᡡᠯᠠᠨ

ᡥᡡᠯᠠᠨ • (hūlan)

From Proto-Tungusic *kulan (“pipe, chimney”). Compare Daur xolly.


ᡶᡝᡵᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *pere, compare Evenki хэрэ (hərə), Nanai пэрэл (perel).


ᡳᡴᡳᡵᡳ

From a Mongolic language, compare Mongolian ихэр (ixer).


ᡩᡝᠯᡝᠨ

From a Mongolic language, compare Mongolian дэлэн (delen).


ᠮᡠᡩᡠᡵᡳ

From Proto-Tungusic *muduri, compare Nanai мудур (mudur).


ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ

ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ#Manchu

alternative spelling of ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ (niyalma)


ᠣᡵᠣᠨ

From Mongolic, compare Mongolian орон (oron).


ᡳᠮᡝᠩᡤᡳ

From Proto-Tungusic *ximügse, from *ximü-. Cognate with Even имсэ (imsə), Nanai симуксэ (śimukse).


ᠮᡝᡩᡝ

Borrowed from Mongolian мэдээ (medee), ultimately from Proto-Mongolic *mede-, compare Evenki мэдэвкэ (mədəwkə), Nanai мэдэ (mede).


ᡶᠠᡴᠰᡳ

From Proto-Tungusic *pakse, compare Nanai пакси (paksi).


ᠵᡝᠶᡝᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *ǯeje, compare Nanai дее (ʒeje).


ᡶᠠᠯᡤᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *palge (“group of people”).


ᡶᡠᡵᠰᡠᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *pöri, compare Nanai пурил (puril).


ᡩᠠᡳᠨ

From Proto-Mongolic *dayin, compare Mongolian дайн (dajn).


ᡥᠣᡶᡠᠨ

foam; bubbles (on the surface of muddy water)


ᠨᡠᠵᠠᠨ

Maybe from a Mongolic language, compare Mongolian нударга (nudarga).


ᡧᡠᡤᡳ

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ᡧᡠᡤᡳ • (šugi)


ᡥᡠᠵᡠᡴᡠ

From Proto-Tungusic *kȫrge, from Proto-Mongolic *köxürge, compare Mongolian хөөрөг (xöörög). The Mongolic term is presumably from Proto-Turkic *kȫrük, compare Turkish körük.


ᡧᡠᠯᠠ

ᡧᡠᠯᠠ • (šula)

Probably the same as Manchu ᠰᡳᠯᡝ (sile).


ᠮᡝᡤᡠ

From Chinese 蘑菇 (mógu). Cognate with Mongolian мөөг (möög) and Uyghur موگۇ (mogu).


ᡧᠣᠩᡴᠣᠨ

ᡧᠣᠩᡴᠣᠨ • (šongkon)

From Mongolian шонхор (šonxor), possibly originally from a Turkic source.


ᡨᡝᠮᡤᡝᡨᡠ

From Proto-Mongolic, compare Mongolian тэмдэг (temdeg).


ᡨᡠᡵᠠᡴᡳ

From Proto-Tungusic *turākī (“crow, rook”), compare Evenki туракӣ (turakī), Nanai тораки (toraki).


ᡩᠣᠯᡤᡳᠨ

From Proto-Mongolic *dolxiyan, compare Buryat долгин (dolgin).
The Mongolic term is somehow akin or otherwise related to Proto-Turkic *tolkun , compare Turkish dalga.


ᡩᡠᠪᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *dubē, compare Nanai дуэ (due).


ᡶᡳᡨᡠᡥᠠᠨ

Maybe comparable to Kazakh жетіген (jetıgen), possibly from жеті (jetı, “seven”).


ᡶᠠᠵᡳᡵᠠᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *padire, compare Nanai падиран (paʒiran).


ᡶᠠᡵᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *pare, compare Nanai пара (para).


ᡶᠣᠶᠣ

From Proto-Tungusic *paje, compare Nanai паякта (pajakta).


ᡶᠣᡵᠣᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *poran, compare Nanai порон (poron).


ᡶᡳᠶᠠᡴᡳᠶᠠᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *peku, compare Evenki хэку (həku), Nanai пэку (peku).


ᡶᡝᠰᡳᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *pesin, compare Nanai пэсин (pesin).


ᡶᠠᡨᡥᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *pata-, compare Manchu ᡶᠠᡨᠠᠨ (fatan).


ᠨᠠᠮᠠᡴᡡ

ᠨᠠᠮᠠᡴᡡ • (namakū)

Compound of native Manchu ᠨᠠᠮᡠᠨ (namun, “storage”) + 庫／库 (kù, “storage”).


ᠨᠠᠮᡴᡡ

ᠨᠠᠮᡴᡡ • (namkū)


ᡴᡡᡨᠠᠨ

ᡴᡡᡨᠠᠨ • (kūtan)

Compare Azerbaijani qutan, Hungarian gödény, Kazakh құтан (qūtan), Mongolian хотон (xoton), Turkish kutan, and Turkmen gotan.


ᠶᠣᡵᠣ

a bone or wooden arrowhead; carved with holes so as to make a whistling arrow


ᠠᠯᠠᡧᠠᠨ

ᠠᠯᠠᡧᠠᠨ • (alašan)


ᠪᡠᡵᡳᠶᠠᡨ

buriyat (romanization)
ᠪᡠᡵᠠᡨ (alternative)

Borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ (buriyad), from Middle Mongol 不里舌牙^惕 (/buriyad/, plural noun).

der

ᠪᠠᡳᠴᠠᠴᡳ
ᡥᠠᠨᠴᡳᡴᡳ
ᡠᡩᡠ
ᠠᠨᡳᠶᠠ ᠴᡳ
ᡝᠪᠰᡳ
ᠣᡵᠣᠰ
ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ
ᡩᠣᡵᡤᡳᡩᡝ
ᡶᠠᠴᡠᡥᡡᡵᠠᠮᡝ
ᡩᠠᡳᠨ ᡳ
ᠵᠣᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ
ᠨᡠᡵᡤᡡᠮᡝ
ᠪᠠᡩᠠᡵᠠᡶᡳ
ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ
ᡳᡵᡤᡝᠨ
ᠪᠠᠨᠵᡳᡵᡝ
ᡩᠣᡵᠣ ᠪᡝ
ᡠᡶᠠᡵᠠᡵᠠ
ᠵᠠᠯᡳᠨᡩᡝ
ᠴᡝᠨᡳ
ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᡳ
ᡥᠠᡵᠠᠩᡤᠠ
ᡤᡝᡵᡝᠨ
ᠠᡳᠮᠠᠨ ᡳ
ᠪᡠᡵᡳᠶᠠᡨ
ᡴᠠᠮᠨᡳᡤᠠᠨ
ᡠᡵᠰᡝ
ᠵᠣᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᡳ
ᠵᠠᡳᠯᠠᠮᡝ
ᠵᡝᠴᡝᠨ
ᡩᠠᠪᠠᠮᡝ
ᡤᡠᡵᡳᠨᠵᡳᠴᡳᠪᡝ
ᠮᡝᠨᡳ
ᠨᡠᡴᡨᡝᡳ
ᡩᠣᠯᠣ
ᡩᠣᠰᡳᡥᠠᠩᡤᡝ
ᠠᠰᡠᡵᡠ
ᠯᠠᠪᡩᡠ
ᠠᡴᡡ
ᠪᡳᡥᡝ᠈

1921 June 1, Vice Commandery-in-Chief of Hulunbuir, ice barhū dashūwan jebele fe barhū uheri da sede jobolon-ci jailame meni bade gurinjihe buriyat sabe yamun-ci cohotoi hafan sebe tomilame unggifi getukeleme baime boolanjiha erinde icihiyabure babe afabure jalin, Hulunbuir:

baicaci hanciki udu aniya-ci ebsi oros gurun dorgide facuhūrame dain-i jobolon nurgūme badarafi niyalma irgen banjire doro-be ufarara jalinde ceni gurun-i harangga geren aiman-i buriyat kamnigan urse jobolon-ci jailame jecen dabame gurinjicibe meni nuktei dolo dosihangge asuru labdu akū bihe,


ᠠᠨᡳᠶᠠᡳ ᠴᠣᠯᠣ

Probably a calque of Chinese 年號 /年号 (niánhào).


ᡴᠠᡨᡠᠨ

Compare Mongolian ᠬᠠᠲᠤᠨ (qatun, “princess; high-class woman, lady”).


ᠸᠠᠩ ᠰᠠ

nominative definite plural of ᠸᠠᠩ (wang, “prince”)


ᡩᠠ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ

q

→ Chinese: 大喇嘛 (phono-semantic matching, partial calque)

desc

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠳᠠ
ᠪᠯᠠᠮᠠ (da blam-a) (partial calque)

Mongolian:

Mongolian script: ᠳᠠ
ᠯᠠᠮᠠ (da lam-a)

Cyrillic script: даа лам (daa lam)

→ Classical Tibetan: ཏཱ་བླ་མ (tā bla ma) (partial calque)

Tibetan: ཏཱ་བླ་མ (tā bla ma)

da lama (literally ‘chief lama’, monastic title of Tibetan buddhism in the Qing Dynasty)


ᡠᡥᡝᡵᡳ ᡩᠠ

→ Classical Mongolian:

→ Tuvan: үгер-даа (üger-daa)

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ
ᠳᠠ (bügüde da) (calque)

Mongolian:

Mongolian script: ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ
ᠳᠠ (bügüde da)

Cyrillic script: бүгд даа (bügd daa)

(historical) supervisor-in-chief (official title)


ᠵᠠᠰᠠᡴ

→ Mandarin: 扎薩克 (zhásàkè), 札薩克 /札萨克 (zhásàkè) (transliteration)

Borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ (ǰasag), from Middle Mongol ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ (jʾsʾɣ̈ /ǰasaɣ/). Compare Mongolian ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ (ǰasag) / засаг (zasag); also Tatar ясак (yasaq), Russian яса́к m inan (jasák, “in-kind tax collected from the indigenous peoples of Siberia”), etc.
Doublet of ᡩᠠᠰᠠᠨ (dasan, “politics”).


ᡴᠠᠮᠨᡳᡥᠠᠨ

ᡴᠠᠮᠨᡳᡤᠠᠨ ᡴᠠᠮᠨᡳᡤᠠᠨ#Manchu

alternative form of ᡴᠠᠮᠨᡳᡤᠠᠨ (kamnigan, “Khamnigan”)


ᡴᠠᡵᡠᠨ

→ Chinese: 卡倫 /卡伦 (via Mandarin)

Borrowed from Middle Mongol ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯ (qaraɣul /qaruːl/, “sentry; sentry post”) with replacement of atypical *᠊ᠯ (*-l) to ᠊ᠨ (-n).


ᡠᠯᠠᠴᡳ

desc

→ Chinese: 烏拉齊 /乌拉齐 (Mandarin transcription)

Borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢ (ulaɣači). By surface analysis, ᡠᠯᠠ (ula) + ᠊ᠴᡳ (-ci). Compare modern Mongolian ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢ (ulaɣači) / улаач (ulaač) and ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠨ (ulaɣačin) / улаачин (ulaačin).


ᠪᡳᠶᠣᡵᠠᠨ

Possibly an inherited Jurchen borrowing of an Old Korean word. Compare Korean 벼랑 (byeorang, “cliff, precipice”).
However, the pre-15 c. form of the Korean word is reconstructed with a final velar stop, with the final vowel and nasal (found c. the 19th century) likely being from a suffix that was added later. As such, the phonetic correspondence of the supposed loan is dubious.


ᡥᡝᠯᠮᡝᡶᡳᠨ

Borrowed from Xibe [script needed] (helmefin), analyzable as ᡥᡝᠯᠮᡝᠨ (helmen, “shadow”) + ᡝᡶᡳᠨ (efin, “game”).


ᠨᠠᡵᡥᡡᠨ ᡝᡩᡠᠨ ᡨᡠᠸᠠᡵᠠ ᠨᡳᠮᡝᡴᡠ

head

ᠨᠠᡵᡥᡡᠨ
ᡝᡩᡠᠨ
ᡨᡠᠸᠠᡵᠠ
ᠨᡳᠮᡝᡴᡠ • (narhūn edun tuwara nimeku)

narhūn edun tuwara nimeku (romanization)

en-ᠨᠠᡵᡥᡡᠨ_ᡝᡩᡠᠨ_ᡨᡠᠸᠠᡵᠠ_ᠨᡳᠮᡝᡴᡠ-mnc-noun-EYmsIj5g


ᡥᠠᡵᡳᠶᠠᡨ

desc

→ Chinese: 哈里雅特 (Hālǐyǎtè) (via Mandarin)

Borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ (qariyad).


ᠴᡳᠪᠴᡳᠨᡠᡨ

Compare Russian чипчину́ты pl anim (čipčinúty).


ᠨᠠᡳᠮᠠᡵ

naimar (romanization)
ᠨᠠᠮᡳᠶᠠᡨ (alternative)

desc

Chinese: 奈瑪爾 /奈玛尔 (Nàimǎ’ěr) (Mandarin transcription)

Compare Solon Namēr, Namēt, Khamnigan Mongol намяад (namyaad), Classical Mongolian ᠨᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷ (namiyar), Russian намя́ты (namjáty).

(historical) the Namiars (a Tungusic clan)


ᡩᠠᡤᡡᡵ

head

ᡩᠠᡤᡡᡵ • (dagūr)

dagūr (romanization)
ᡩᠠᡥᡡᡵ (alternative)


ᠠᠪᡠᡥᠠ

Borrowed from Mongolic; compare Classical Mongolian ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠ (abug-a, “shepherd's purse”).

cog

Capsella bursa-pastoris
Capsella bursa-pastoris#Translingual

shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris)


ᠴᡳᠨᡩᠠᡥᠠᠨ

varying hare, mountain hare (Lepus timidus)


ᡶᡠᠰᡥᡠ

From Proto-Tungusic *pusku; compare Ulch пуску (pusku), Nanai пуксу (puksu).