ᡶᠠᠴᡠᡥᡡᠨ

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ᡶᠠᠴᡠᡥᡡᠨ • (facuhūn)

滿洲實錄 第一卷
ᡝᠮᡝ
ᡥᡝᠨᡩᡠᠮᡝ᠈
ᠵᡠᡳ
ᠰᡳᠮᠪᡝ
ᠠᠪᡴᠠ
ᡶᠠᠴᡠᡥᡡᠨ
ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ
ᠪᡝ
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᠮᡝ
ᠪᠠᠨᠵᡳᡴᡳᠨᡳ
ᠰᡝᠮᡝ
ᠪᠠᠨᠵᡳᠪᡠᡥᠠᠪᡳ᠉
eme hendume, jui simbe abka facuhūn gurun be dasame banjikini seme banjibuhabi.
Mother said, "Children, you are created by God to rule over (those) nations that are in chaos."


ᡴᡠᡧᡠᠨ

ᡴᡠᡧᡠᠨ • (kušun)

滿洲實錄第一卷
ᠮᡳᠨᡳ
ᠪᡝᠶᡝ
ᡴᡠᡧᡠᠨ
ᠣᡥᠣᠪᡳ᠉
mini beye kušun ohobi.
My body has become heavy.


ᡥᡝᡧᡠ ᡥᠠᡧᡠ

ᡥᡝᡧᡠ
ᡥᠠᡧᡠ • (hešu hašu)

清文啟蒙第二卷
ᠸᡝ
ᠶᠠ
ᡩᡝ
ᡝᠮᡠ
ᡥᡝᡧᡠ
ᡥᠠᡧᡠ ᡳ
ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠ
ᠠᡴᡡ
ᠨᡳ᠉
we ya de emu hešu hašu-i baita akū ni.
Who doesn't have some chores to deal with?


ᡨᡠᠪᡝᡨ

Borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ (Töbed).


ᠰᡝᠯᡝᠩᡤᡝ

From ᠰᡝᠯᡝ (sele, “iron”, noun) + ᠊ᠩᡤᡝ (-ngge, denominal adjective-forming suffix).


ᠮᠣᠩᡤᡡ

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ᠮᠣᠩᡤᡡ • (monggū)

From Jurchen  (*moŋgu), from Middle Mongol ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ (mongɣul).

ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ#Manchu


ᠪᠠᡨᡠᡵᡠ

zh-l

巴圖魯／巴图鲁 (bātúlǔ)

→ Chinese: 巴圖魯／巴图鲁 (bātúlǔ)

Borrowed from Middle Mongol ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ (baɣatur). Doublet of ᠪᠠᡨᡠᡵ (batur).


ᡩᠠ

From Jurchen (*da), from Proto-Tungusic *daga (“root”).


ᠰᠠᡥᠠᡥᡡᠨ

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ᠰᠠᡥᠠᡥᡡᠨ • (sahahūn)


ᠨᡳᠣᡥᠣᠨ

Akin to Manchu ᠨᡳᠣᠸᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ (niowanggiyan).


ᡧᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ

ᡧᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ • (šanggiyan)

From Proto-Tungusic *šāka, compare Nanai чагдьан (čagʒan).


ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ

From Jurchen 撒哈良 (sa-ha-liang /saxalian/, “black”), from Proto-Tungusic *sakarīn (“black”). Compare also Evenki сакарӣн (sakarīn), Oroch сакаи (sakai), Ulch сахари (saxari), Orok сагари (sagari), сāри (sāri) and Nanai сахарин (saxarĩ).


ᡧᠠᡥᡡᠨ

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ᡧᠠᡥᡡᠨ • (šahūn)


ᠨᡳᠣᠸᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *ńoŋa, compare Nanai нёнгиан (njoŋian).


ᡧᠠᠨᠶᠠᠨ

ᡧᠠᠨᠶᠠᠨ • (šanyan)


ᡥᠠᠯᡥᡡᠨ

ᡥᠠᠯᡥᡡᠨ • (halhūn)

Compare Mongolian халуун (xaluun, “hot”).


ᠣᡵᠣᠰ

Borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠣᠷᠤᠰ (orus), from Middle Mongol 斡羅思 (orus), from Kipchak [script needed] (orus), from Old East Slavic Русь f (Rusĭ), from Proto-Finnic *roocci.


ᡶᡠᠯᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *pula, compare Evenki хулама (hulama).

ᡶᡠᠯᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ:


ᡶᡠᠯᠠᡥᡡᠨ

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ᡶᡠᠯᠠᡥᡡᠨ • (fulahūn)

From Proto-Tungusic *pula, compare Manchu ᡶᡠᠯᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ (fulgiyan).


ᠠᡥᡡᠨ

ᠠᡥᡡᠨ • (ahūn)

From Proto-Tungusic *akin, compare Evenki акин (akin), Even акан (akan), Nanai ага (aga).

ᡯᠶ
ᠯᡠᠩ
ᠵᠣᠣᡶᠠᠨ
ᠴᡳ
ᡩᡠᡳᠨ
ᠪᡳᠶᠠ
ᠠᡥᡡᠨ᠉

1650, Luo Guanzhong, translated by Kicungge, Fan Wencheng, and Garin et al., ᡳᠯᠠᠨ
ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᡳ
ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ [ilan gurun-i bithe, Romance of the Three Kingdoms]:

Zilong is four months older than Zhao Fan.


ᠠᠮᠪᠠ

ᠠᠮᠪᠠ
ᠶᡝᠯᡠ ― amba yelu ― large male wild boar

The Art of War
ᠰᡠᠨ
ᡯᠶ
ᡥᡝᠨᡩᡠᠮᡝ᠈
ᠴᠣᠣᡥᠠ
ᠰᡝᡵᡝᠩᡤᡝ᠈
ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᡳ
ᠠᠮᠪᠠ
ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠ᠉
sun dzy hendume, cooha serengge, gurun-i amba baita.

Sun Tzu said: "Military is an important matter of the State."

ᠠᠮᠪᠠ
ᠠᡥᡡᠨ ― amba ahūn ― eldest brother

ᠠᠮᠪᠠ
ᠵᡠᡳ ― amba jui ― eldest son


ᡤᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *gara, cognate with Evenki гара (gara), Even гар (gar), Nanai гара (gara) etc.


ᡠᠩᡤᡠ

ᡠᠩᡤᡠ
ᠮᠠᡶᠠ ― unggu mafa ― great-grandfather

Describes relationship that is three generations away


ᡧᡠᡧᡠ

ᡧᡠᡧᡠ • (šušu)

Borrowed from Mandarin 蜀黍 (shǔshǔ, “sorghum”).


ᡧᠠᡥᡡᡵᡠᠨ

ᡧᠠᡥᡡᡵᡠᠨ • (šahūrun)


ᠰᠠᡳᡴᠠᠨ

From Middle Mongol [script needed] (sayiqan, diminutive of [script needed] (sayin)).

der

diminutive of <small>[script needed]</small> (sayin)

ᠰᠠᡳᡴᠠᠨ
ᡥᡝᡥᡝ ― saikan hehe ― beautiful woman


ᡥᡡᡩᡠᠨ

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ᡥᡡᡩᡠᠨ • (hūdun)

From Proto-Mongolic *kurdun, compare Mongolian хурдан (xurdan).


ᡤᠣᠯᠮᡳᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *ŋōlimi, from *ŋōli. Cognate with Evenki ӈоним (ŋoņim), Orok ŋonimi, Nanai оними (onimi).


ᡤᠣᡵᠣ

From Proto-Tungusic *gora, compare Even гор (gor), Evenki горо (goro).


ᠰᠠᡳᠨ

From Middle Mongol [script needed] (sayin, “good; nice; satisfactory”).

der

ᠰᠠᡳᠨ
ᡤᡠᠴᡠ ― sain gucu ― good friend

ᠰᠠᡳᠨ
ᡨᠣᡩᠣᠯᠣ ― sain todolo ― good omen

ᠰᠠᡳᠨ
ᡳᠨᡝᠩᡤᡳ ― sain inenggi ― auspicious day


ᠮᠠᠩᡤᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *maŋga, compare Evenki маңа, Even маӈ (maŋ), Nanai манга (maŋa).


ᡴᠠᡵᠠ

Borrowed from Mongolic. Compare Mongolian хар (xar, “black”).


ᠰᠠᡴᡩᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *sagda, compare Evenki сагды (sagdi).

ᠰᠠᡴᡩᠠ
ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ ― sakda niyalma ― old person

ᠰᠠᡴᡩᠠ
ᠠᡤᡠ ― sakda agu ― elder brother


ᡥᠠᠰᡥᡡ

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ᡥᠠᠰᡥᡡ • (hashū)


ᡴᠣᠩᡤᠣᡵᠣ

[qʰɔŋ.ŋɔ.rɔ]


ᡧᠠᠪᡠᡵᡠ

ᡧᠠᠪᡠᡵᡠ • (šaburu)


ᡧᡝᠶᡝᠨ

ᡧᡝᠶᡝᠨ • (šeyen)


ᠵᡳᡵᠠᠮᡳᠨ

thick (relatively great in extent from one surface to the opposite in its smallest solid dimension)


ᡨᠠᡵᡥᡡᠨ

ᡨᠠᡵᡥᡡᠨ • (tarhūn)


ᠨᠠᡵᡥᡡᠨ

ᠨᠠᡵᡥᡡᠨ • (narhūn)

thin; slender (having a cross section that is small in all directions)


ᡠᠵᡝᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *xörgän, compare Evenki ургэ (urgə), Nanai хуйгэ (hujge).


ᡧᡠᠮᡳᠨ

ᡧᡠᠮᡳᠨ • (šumin)


ᡥᠠᡨᡠᡥᡡᠨ

ᡥᠠᡨᡠᡥᡡᠨ • (hatuhūn)


ᠸᠠᡥᡡᠨ

ᠸᠠᡥᡡᠨ • (wahūn)


ᠵᡠᡧᡠᡥᡠᠨ

ᠵᡠᡧᡠᡥᡠᠨ • (jušuhun)


ᠵᠠᠨᠴᡠᡥᡡᠨ

ᠵᠠᠨᠴᡠᡥᡡᠨ • (jancuhūn)


ᡤᠣᠰᡳᡥᠣᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *goša, compare Even гот (got), Nanai гочиси (gočisi).


ᡨᡠᠮᡳᠨ

ᡨᡠᠮᡳᠨ
ᠠᠮᡨᠠᠨ ― tumin amtan ― strong flavor

ᡨᡠᠮᡳᠨ
ᠯᠠᠮᡠᠨ ― tumin lamun ― deep blue

ᡨᡠᠮᡳᠨ
ᡧᡠᡧᡠ ― tumin šušu ― rose-red


ᠠᠵᡳᡵᡤᠠᠨ

(of certain animals, e.g. dogs and horses) male


ᡶᠠᡵᡥᡡᠨ

ᡶᠠᡵᡥᡡᠨ • (farhūn)


ᡤᡝᡥᡠᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *ŋēre (“light”), compare Evenki ңэри (“light”).

ᡤᡝᡥᡠᠨ
ᠪᡳᠶᠠ ― gehun biya ― bright moon


ᡴᡠᡴᡠ

From Proto-Tungusic *kuka. Compare Mongolian хөх (xöx), Kyrgyz көк (kök).


ᡤᡝᡢᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨ

ᡤᡝᡢᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨ • (geᡢgiyen)

From Proto-Tungusic *geŋg'e, compare Nanai нгэгден (ŋegʒen).


ᡶᡳᠯᡳ

ᡶᡳᠯᡳ
ᠨᠠ ― fili na ― solid ground

ᡶᡳᠯᡳ
ᡶᡳᡴᡨᡠ
ᠠᡴᡡ ― fili fiktu akū ― without a solid reason


ᠶᠠᡵᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ

ᡝᡵᡝ
ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠ
ᠶᠠᡵᡤᡳᠶᡡᠨ᠉ ― ere baita yargiyūn. ― Is this thing real?


ᡳᠨᠵᡝᡴᡠ

ᡳᠨᠵᡝᡴᡠ
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ ― injeku gisun ― joke


ᡤᡡᠸᠠ

ᡤᡡᠸᠠ • (gūwa)

From Proto-Tungusic *gia, compare Evenki гэ (gə), Nanai гой (goj).


ᡩᠣᡵᡤᡳ

From Proto-Tungusic *dō (“the internal organs”), compare Evenki догу (dogu), Nanai довой (dowoj). See also Manchu ᡩᠣ (do).

inh

ᡩᠣᡵᡤᡳ
ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ ― dorgi monggo ― Inner Mongolia

ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ
ᠪᡝ
ᠪᡳ
ᠰᠠᠪᡠᡥᠠᡴᡡ
ᠣᡶᡳ᠈
ᡩᠣᡵᡤᡳ
ᡨᡠᡵᡤᡠᠨ
ᠪᡝ
ᠰᠠᡵᡴᡡ᠉

1723, Tulišen, 異域錄 [Narrative of the Chinese Embassy to the Khan of the Tourgouth Tartars]:

I did not see the letter, thus do not know the inside story.

bithe be bi sabuhakū ofi, dorgi turgun be sarkū.

ᡩᠣᡵᡤᡳ
ᡥᠣᡨᠣᠨ ― dorgi hoton ― imperial palace

ᡩᠣᡵᡤᡳ
ᠣᡴᡨᠣᠰᡳ ― dorgi oktosi ― imperial physician


ᡨᡠᠯᡝᡵᡤᡳ

From Proto-Tungusic *tule (“courtyard”), compare Evenki тулигидэ (tuligidə), Even төлин (tölin), Nanai тулиэ (tulie).

ᡨᡠᠯᡝᡵᡤᡳ
ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ ― tulergi monggo ― Outer Mongolia (a historical region of the Qing dynasty)

ᡨᡠᠯᡝᡵᡤᡳ
ᡤᠣᠯᠣ ― tulergi golo ― another province; province other than where one is

ᡨᡠᠯᡝᡵᡤᡳ
ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ― tulergi gurun ― foreign country

foreign; alien (not of one's own family, clan, locality, country, etc.)


ᠠᡵᠰᠠᡵᡳ

ᠠᡵᠰᠠᡵᡳ
ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ ― arsari niyalma ― average person


ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ

From Classical Mongolian ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ (bayan). Cognate with Bala 巴彥 (bayan).

ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ
ᠠᠨᡳᠶᠠ ― bayan aniya ― year of abundance; year with a good harvest


ᠴᡳᠰᡠᡳ

ᠴᡳᠰᡠᡳ
ᡥᡝᡨᡥᡝ ― cisui hethe ― private property

ᠴᡳᠰᡠᡳ
ᠪᠠᠨᠵᡳᠨ ― cisui banjin ― personal life


ᡥᠣᠴᡳᡴᠣᠨ

ᡥᠣᠴᡳᡴᠣᠨ
ᡥᡝᡥᡝ ― hocikon hehe ― beautiful woman

(of a person) pretty; beautiful; handsome


ᡤᡳᠯᠠᡥᡡᠨ

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ᡤᡳᠯᠠᡥᡡᠨ • (gilahūn)

ᡤᡳᠯᠠᡥᡡᠨ
ᡳᠨᡝᠩᡤᡳ ― gilahūn inenggi ― cloudy day


ᡠᠵᡠᡳ

ᡠᠵᡠᡳ
ᡴᠠᡵᡠᠨ ― ujui karun ― first checkpoint

ᡠᠵᡠᡳ
ᠮᡳᠶᠠᠮᡳᡤᠠᠨ ― ujui miyamigan ― head ornament

of, resembling, relating to, or consisting of head


ᠵᡠᡵᠰᡠ

ᠵᡠᡵᠰᡠ
ᠰᡳᡥᡳᠨ ― jursu sihin ― double eaves

ᠰᡳᠨᡳ
ᠪᡝᠶᡝ
ᠵᡠᡵᠰᡠ
ᠣᡥᠣ᠉ ― sini beye jursu oho. ― you are pregnant.


ᠵᠠᡳ

ᠵᠠᡳ
ᡤᡳᠩ ― jai ging ― two o'clock (literally, “the second hour”)

ᠵᠠᡳ
ᠠᠨᡳᠶᠠ ― jai aniya ― next year


ᡤᡡᠰᡳᠴᡳ

ᡤᡡᠰᡳᠴᡳ • (gūsici)


ᡠᠶᡠᡵᠰᡠ

ninefold; having nine parts; having nine times as much or as many


ᡥᡠᡥᡠ

From Classical Mongolian ᠬᠥᠬᠡ (köke, “blue”).


ᠴᠠᡤᠠᠨ

From Classical Mongolian ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ (čaɣan, “white”).


ᠵᠠᠯᡠ

From Proto-Tungusic *ǯala, compare Evenki дялум (ʒalum).


ᠪᠣᠣᠪᠠᡳ

ᠪᠣᠣᠪᠠᡳ
ᠯᠣᡥᠣ ― boobai loho ― expensive sword


ᡨᠣᡴᡨᠣᡥᠣ

[tʰɔkʰ.tʰɔ.χɔ]


ᠨᠣᠮᡥᠣᠨ

From Classical Mongolian ᠨᠣᠮᠤᠬᠠᠨ (nomuqan, “tame; mild”), whence Mongolian номхон (nomxon).

ᡝᡵᡝᡳ
ᡩᠣᡵᡤᡳ
ᡩᡝ
ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ ᡳ
ᠵᡠᠰᡝᡳ
ᡨᠠᠴᡳᠨ
ᡠᠮᡝᠰᡳ
ᡝᡥᡝ᠈
ᡴᡝᠮᡠᠨᡳ
ᠴᠣᠣᡥᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᡳ
ᠵᡠᠰᡝ
ᠮᠠᠵᡳᡤᡝ
ᠨᠣᠮᡥᠣᠨ
ᡤᡝᠰᡝ᠉

1765, 金振夏 (Kim Chin-ha) et al., 清語老乞大 (Cheong-eo Nogeoldae) [Manchu Nogeoldae]:

The habits of the Chinese dudes here are very bad; and the Korean dudes seem to be a little more well-behaved.

erei dorgi de nikan-i jusei tacin umesi ehe, kemuni coohiyan-i juse majige nomhon gese.

well-behaved and cautious; honest and simple


ᠵᠠᡴᡡᠴᡳ

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ᠵᠠᡴᡡᠴᡳ • (jakūci)


ᡤᠠᠯᡤᠠᠨ

ᡤᠠᠯᡤᠠ ᡤᠠᠯᡤᠠ#Manchu


ᡝᡳᡨᡝᠨ

ᡝᡳᡨᡝᠨ
ᠵᡝᡴᡠ
ᠴᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ
ᠪᡝ
ᡤᡝᠮᡠ
ᡤᡳᠰᠠᠨ
ᡳᠴᡳᡥᡳᠶᠠᠮᠪᡳ᠉

1781, 平定兩金川方畧/Gin cuwan i babe necihiyeme toktobuha hodogon i bithe [Military Annals of the Pacification of the Two Jinchuans]:

eiten jeku caliyan be gemu gisan icihiyambi.


ᡴᠠᠪᠠ

ᡤᡝᠯᡳ
ᡝᠮᡠ
ᠠᠨᡳᠶᠠ
ᡶᡠᠨᠴᡝᡶᡳ᠈
ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ
ᠵᡠᡳ
ᡴᠠᠪᠠ
ᠵᡠᡳ
ᠪᠠᠨᠵᡳᡶᡳ᠈
ᡥᠠᡥᠠ
ᠵᡠᡳ
ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ
ᠵᡠᡳ
ᠮᡝᡳᠮᡝᠨᡳ
ᡝᠮᡨᡝ᠉

1848, Pu Songling, translated by Jakdan, 擇飜聊齋志異/Sonjofi ubaliyambuha liyoo jai jy i bithe [Selected Short Stories by Liao Zhai in translation]:

After more than one year, the woman gave birth to twins (literally, "twin children"), one was a boy and another a girl.

geli emu aniya funcefi, sargan jui kaba jui banjifi, haha jui sargan jui meimeni emte.


ᠵᡠᠸᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᡴᡡᠴᡳ

ᠵᡠᠸᠠᠨ
ᠵᠠᡴᡡᠴᡳ • (juwan jakūci)


ᠪᠣᡵᠣ

From a Mongolic language, compare Mongolian бор (bor).


ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠩᠨᡳᠶᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *ńaŋńa, compare Evenki няңня.


ᠣᠯᡥᠣᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *xolga, compare Evenki олгокин (olgokin), Nanai холгокто (holgokto).


ᡩᠣᡥᠣᠯᠣᠨ

From Proto-Mongolic *doxulaŋ, compare Mongolian доголон (dogolon).


ᡨᡝᡴᠰᡳᠨ

From a Mongolic language, compare Mongolian тэгш (tegš).


ᡨᠣᠨᡩᠣ

From Proto-Tungusic *toŋda, compare Nanai тонгдо (toŋdo).


ᡶᡝᠵᡝᡵᡤᡳ

From Proto-Tungusic *pere (“lower part”), compare Evenki хэргу (hərgu), Nanai пэгуй (peguy).


ᡥᠠᡳᡥᡡ

ᡥᠠᡳᡥᡡ • (haihū)


ᠶᠠᠴᡳᠨ

ᠶᠠᠴᡳᠨ
ᠨᡳᠮᠠᠨ ― yacin niman ― a black goat