mase

ᠮᠠᠰᡝ ᠮᠠᠰᡝ#Manchu


eigen

ᡝᡳᡤᡝᠨ ᡝᡳᡤᡝᠨ#Manchu


ilha

ᡳᠯᡥᠠ ᡳᠯᡥᠠ#Manchu


aika

ᠠᡳᡴᠠ ᠠᡳᡴᠠ#Manchu


coro

ᠴᠣᡵᠣ ᠴᠣᡵᠣ#Manchu


erin

ᡝᡵᡳᠨ ᡝᡵᡳᠨ#Manchu


gala

ᡤᠠᠯᠠ ᡤᠠᠯᠠ#Manchu


waka

ᠸᠠᡴᠠ ᠸᠠᡴᠠ#Manchu


coco

ᠴᠣᠴᠣ ᠴᠣᠴᠣ#Manchu


mulan

ᠮᡠᠯᠠᠨ ᠮᡠᠯᠠᠨ#Manchu


haha

ᡥᠠᡥᠠ ᡥᠠᡥᠠ#Manchu


basa

ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ#Manchu


hasi

ᡥᠠᠰᡳ ᡥᠠᠰᡳ#Manchu


taka

ᡨᠠᡴᠠ ᡨᠠᡴᠠ#Manchu


ihan

ᡳᡥᠠᠨ ᡳᡥᠠᠨ#Manchu


naya

ᠨᠠᠶᠠ ᠨᠠᠶᠠ#Manchu


dorgi

ᡩᠣᡵᡤᡳ ᡩᠣᡵᡤᡳ#Manchu


amasi

ᠠᠮᠠᠰᡳ ᠠᠮᠠᠰᡳ#Manchu


sain

ᠰᠠᡳᠨ ᠰᠠᡳᠨ#Manchu


hehe

ᡥᡝᡥᡝ ᡥᡝᡥᡝ#Manchu


sike

ᠰᡳᡴᡝ ᠰᡳᡴᡝ#Manchu


hamu

ᡥᠠᠮᡠ ᡥᠠᠮᡠ#Manchu


yali

ᠶᠠᠯᡳ ᠶᠠᠯᡳ#Manchu


tere

ᡨᡝᡵᡝ ᡨᡝᡵᡝ#Manchu


namu

ᠨᠠᠮᡠ ᠨᠠᠮᡠ#Manchu


susu

ᠰᡠᠰᡠ ᠰᡠᠰᡠ#Manchu


fili

ᡶᡳᠯᡳ ᡶᡳᠯᡳ#Manchu


muke

ᠮᡠᡴᡝ ᠮᡠᡴᡝ#Manchu


mudan

ᠮᡠᡩᠠᠨ ᠮᡠᡩᠠᠨ#Manchu


nadan

ᠨᠠᡩᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᡩᠠᠨ#Manchu


naca

ᠨᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠴᠠ#Manchu


arki

ᠠᡵᡴᡳ ᠠᡵᡴᡳ#Manchu


oros

ᠣᡵᠣᠰ ᠣᡵᠣᠰ#Manchu


ainu

ᠠᡳᠨᡠ ᠠᡳᠨᡠ#Manchu


alin

ᠠᠯᡳᠨ ᠠᠯᡳᠨ#Manchu


yasa

ᠶᠠᠰᠠ ᠶᠠᠰᠠ#Manchu


fefe

ᡶᡝᡶᡝ ᡶᡝᡶᡝ#Manchu


hoki

ᡥᠣᡴᡳ ᡥᠣᡴᡳ#Manchu


tana

ᡨᠠᠨᠠ ᡨᠠᠨᠠ#Manchu


duka

ᡩᡠᡴᠠ ᡩᡠᡴᠠ#Manchu


namun

ᠨᠠᠮᡠᠨ ᠨᠠᠮᡠᠨ#Manchu


baita

ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠ ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠ#Manchu


buda

ᠪᡠᡩᠠ ᠪᡠᡩᠠ#Manchu


mayan

ᠮᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠶᠠᠨ#Manchu


uksin

ᡠᡴᠰᡳᠨ ᡠᡴᠰᡳᠨ#Manchu


tumin

ᡨᡠᠮᡳᠨ ᡨᡠᠮᡳᠨ#Manchu


manju

ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ#Manchu


amaka

ᠠᠮᠠᡴᠠ ᠠᠮᠠᡴᠠ#Manchu


ᠠᠨᡳᠶᠠ

From Jurchen ania, from Proto-Tungusic *ańŋa. Compare Evenki анӈани (anŋaņi).

ᠠᠨᡳᠶᠠ
ᡩᠠᡵᡳ ― aniya dari ― every year

ᠠᠨᡳᠶᠠ
ᠠᡵᠠᠮᠪᡳ ― aniya arambi ― to pass the New Year


elden

ᡝᠯᡩᡝᠨ ᡝᠯᡩᡝᠨ#Manchu


falan

ᡶᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᡶᠠᠯᠠᠨ#Manchu


amba

ᠠᠮᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠪᠠ#Manchu


ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ

ᡩᠣᡵᠣᠩᡤᠣ
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ ― doronggo gisun ― proverb (literally, “wise words”)

ᡳᠨᠵᡝᡴᡠ
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ ― injeku gisun ― joke (literally, “funny words”)

ᠮᡠᠰᡝᡳ
ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠮᠠᠩᡤᠠ
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ
ᠠᡳᡴᠠ
ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ
ᠨᡳᠣ᠉
musei niyamangga gisun aika nikan gisun nio.
How can our native language be Chinese?

ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ
ᠪᡝ
ᡨᠠᠴᡳᡵᡝᠩᡤᡝ
ᡠᠮᡝᠰᡳ
ᠠᠮᡨᠠᠩᡤᠠ᠉
manju gisun be tacirengge umesi amtangga.
It's quite interesting to learn Manchu.


ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ

desc

→ Chagatai: مَانْجُو

→ Chagatai: مَانْجُو

Uyghur: مانجۇ (manju)

zh-l

滿洲／满洲 (Mǎnzhōu)

滿珠／满珠 (Mǎnzhū)

→ Chinese: 滿洲／满洲 (Mǎnzhōu), 滿珠／满珠 (Mǎnzhū)

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ (manǰu)

Mongolian: ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ (manǰu), манж (manž)

→ Tuvan: манчы (mançı)

→ Daur: manj

→ Solon: manji

Unknown.
According to official histories from the Qing dynasty, Nurhaci, a military leader of the Jurchens of Northeast China and founder of what became the Qing dynasty, named his tribe after Sanskrit मञ्जुश्री (mañjuśrī, “Manjushri”) as the Manchus. The name is from मञ्जु (mañju, “gentle”) + श्री (śrī, “glory”). Also compare Chinese 文殊 (Wénshū, “Manjushri”).
Some other theories exist; see 满族 on the Chinese Wikipedia.Wikipedia ᶻʰ


ᠮᡠᡴᡝ

→ Korean: 우케 (uke)

From Jurchen 木克 (mu-ke /muke/), from Proto-Tungusic *mū, which often compared with Mongolian мөрөн (mörön, “river”), Korean 물 (mul, “water”), Goguryeo 買 (*me, “river; water”) and Japanese 水 (mizu, “water”). Cognate with Bala 木克, Evenki мӯ (mū), Even мӯ (mū), Oroqen mu꞉, Negidal мӯ, Oroch мӯ, Orok мӯ (mū).


ulden

ᡠᠯᡩᡝᠨ ᡠᠯᡩᡝᠨ#Manchu


juwan

ᠵᡠᠸᠠᠨ ᠵᡠᠸᠠᠨ#Manchu


morin

ᠮᠣᡵᡳᠨ ᠮᠣᡵᡳᠨ#Manchu


okto

ᠣᡴᡨᠣ ᠣᡴᡨᠣ#Manchu


yaya

ᠶᠠᠶᠠ ᠶᠠᠶᠠ#Manchu


jase

ᠵᠠᠰᡝ ᠵᠠᠰᡝ#Manchu


amala

ᠠᠮᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠮᠠᠯᠠ#Manchu


ᠠᡤᠠ

ᠠᡤᠠᠮᠪᡳ ᠠᡤᠠᠮᠪᡳ#Manchu


ᠪᡳ

From Jurchen *bi, which came from Proto-Tungusic *bi, whence Evenki би (bi), Even би (ʙi), Negidal би, Oroch би, Nanai ми (mi), Orok би (bi), Ulch би, and Udihe би (bi).
Compare also Mongolian би (bi), from Proto-Mongolic *bi and Proto-Turkic *ben (“I”).

ᠪᡳ
ᠰᠠᡴᡩᠠ
ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ᠉ ― bi sakda niyalma. ― I am an old person.

(first-person singular, nominative case) I


ᠰᡳ

From Jurchen ši, from Proto-Tungusic *si (“you, thou”). Compare also Evenki си (si), Even хи (hi) and Udihe си.

(second-person singular, nominative case) you


ᠮᡠᠰᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *münti. Cognate with Bala 木色 (muse).

(first-person plural, nominative case, inclusive) we


ᠰᡠᠸᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *suu, compare Nanai суэ (sue).

(second-person plural, nominative case) you


ᡳ

A letter of the Manchu alphabet, transcribed as i.


ᡳ

(third-person singular, nominative case) he; she; it


ᡳ

genitive case
Appendix:Glossary#genitive case

instrumental case
Appendix:Glossary#instrumental case

Particle used to form the genitive case and the instrumental case.


ᠴᡝ

Inherited from Proto-Tungusic *ti (“they”).

inh+

(third-person plural, nominative case) they


mederi

ᠮᡝᡩᡝᡵᡳ ᠮᡝᡩᡝᡵᡳ#Manchu


beging

ᠪᡝᡤᡳᠩ ᠪᡝᡤᡳᠩ#Manchu


noor

ᠨᠣᠣᡵ ᠨᠣᠣᡵ#Manchu


bayan

ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ#Manchu


ᠵᠠᡴᡡᠨᠵᡠ

head

ᠵᠠᡴᡡᠨᠵᡠ • (jakūnju)

ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ ᡳ
ᠶᠠᡵᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ
ᡴᠣᠣᠯᡳ᠈
ᡠᠵᡠᡳ
ᡩᡝᠪᡨᡝᠯᡳᠨ
manju-i yargiyan kooli, ujui debtelin
滿洲實錄第一卷

ᡨᡝᡵᡝ
ᠠᠯᡳᠨ ᡳ
ᠨᡳᠩᡤᡠ
ᡩᡝ᠈
ᡨᠠᠮᡠᠨ ᡳ
ᡤᡝᠪᡠᠩᡤᡝ
ᠣᠮᠣ
ᠪᡳ᠈
ᡧᡠᡵᡩᡝᠮᡝ
ᠵᠠᡴᡡᠨᠵᡠ
ᠪᠠ᠉
tere alin-i ninggu de, tamun-i gebungge omo bi, šurdeme jakūnju ba.
At the top of the mountain is a pond called Tamun, (its) circumference is 80 miles.


ᡨᠠᠩᡤᡡ

ᡨᠠᠩᡤᡡ • (tanggū)

From Jurchen tangu, from Proto-Tungusic *taŋgu. Compare also Nanai танго (taŋo).


ᠨᠠᡩᠠᠨ

From Jurchen nadan, from Proto-Tungusic *nadan.


ᡳᠯᡥᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *xila- (“to blossom”).


ᠣᡵᡳᠨ

From Jurchen orin, from Proto-Tungusic *xorin.


ᠮᡳᠩᡤᠠᠨ

From Jurchen mingan, cognate with Nanai минган (miŋan), Udihe миӈга (miŋga), Oroch миӈга (miŋga), Ulch миӈга (miŋga), Orok миӈга (minga), Solon miŋga and Negidal ме̄ӈган.

cog

Negidal ме̄ӈган


ᡳᠯᠠᠨ

From Jurchen ilan, from Proto-Tungusic *ilan. Cognate with Even и̇ла̇н (i̇lȧn), Evenki илан (ilan), Oroqen ɪlan, Negidal илан, Solon ilang, Nanai илан (ilan) (ilan) and Ulch и̇ла (ịla) etc.


ᠵᡠᠸᡝ

From Jurchen dʒo (Jurchen script: )
, from Proto-Tungusic *ʒȫr, cognate with Ulch дюэл, Solon juur, Even дӫ̄р (ʒȫr), Evenki дю̄р (ʒūr).


ᠵᠠᡴᡡᠨ

head

ᠵᠠᡴᡡᠨ • (jakūn)

From Proto-Tungusic *ʒapkun. Compare Jurchen d͡ʒɑkun (Jurchen script: ).
Cognate with Nanai дякпон (ʒakpon), Udihe ʒакпу (ʒakpu), Negidal ӡапкун (ӡapkun), Oroqen dʒapkʊn, Evenki дяпкун (ʒapkun)and Even дяпкан (ʒapkan) etc.


ᠵᡠᠸᠠᠨ

From Jurchen dʒua, from Proto-Tungusic *ʒuban. Cognate with Nanai дёан (ʒoan), Evenki дян (ʒan), Even мян (mẹn), Oroqen dʒa꞉n, Negidal ӡāн (ʒān) and Solon jaang etc.


ᡩᡠᡳᠨ

From Jurchen duwin (Jurchen script: ), from Proto-Tungusic *dügin. Cognate with Evenki дыгин (digin), Even дигэн (ʒigən), Nanai дуин (duin), Negidal диғин (diɣin), Solon diḡing.


ᠰᡠᠨᠵᠠ

From Jurchen ʃundʒa, from Proto-Tungusic *tuńga. Cognate with Nanai тойңга, Oroch туӈа (tuŋa), Udihe туӈа (tuŋa), Even ту̇нӈа̇н (tu̇nŋȧn), Evenki тунӈа (tunŋa), Oroqen tʊŋŋa, Solon tonga etc.

cog

Nanai тойңга

Even ту̇нӈа̇н (tu̇nŋȧn)


ᡠᠶᡠᠨ

From Jurchen ujewun, from Proto-Tungusic *xegün. Cognate with Nanai хуюн (hujun), Even уюн (ujun), Evenki егин (jegin), Oroqen yəyin, Negidal ийэғин (ijəɣin) and Solon yeging etc.


ᡤᡡᠰᡳᠨ

head

ᡤᡡᠰᡳᠨ • (gūsin)

From Jurchen gushin. Akin to Mongolian гуч (guč).


ᡤᡡᠰᡳᠨ

ᡤᡡᠰᡳᠨ • (gūsin)

the thirtieth day of a month of the Chinese lunar calendar


ᡝᠮᡠ

From Jurchen әmu, from Proto-Tungusic *ume-/*emu-. Cognate with Evenki умӯн (umūn), Even өмэн (ömən) and Even умэн (umən) (Ola Dialect in Magadan), Solon emung.


ᡩᡝᡥᡳ

From Jurchen tehi, from Proto-Tungusic *deki.


ᠨᡳᠩᡤᡠᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *ńuŋun. Compare Jurchen niŋgu (Jurchen script: ). Cognate with Nanai нюңгун, Udihe њуӈу (ńuŋu), Even нюӈэн (ņuŋən), Evenki нюӈун (ņuŋun), Oroqen ɲuŋun, Solon ningung etc.

cog

Nanai нюңгун

Even нюӈэн (ņuŋən)

ᠨᡳᠩᡤᡠᠨ
ᠪᡳᠶᠠ ― ninggun biya ― six months


girin

ᡤᡳᡵᡳᠨ ᡤᡳᡵᡳᠨ#Manchu


suran

ᠰᡠᡵᠠᠨ ᠰᡠᡵᠠᠨ#Manchu


talman

ᡨᠠᠯᠮᠠᠨ ᡨᠠᠯᠮᠠᠨ#Manchu


ᡠᠰᡳᡥᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *xōsikta, compare Jurchen oʃïxa, cognate with Evenki осикта (osikta), Oroqen ɔʃɪkta.


ᠰᠣᠯᠣᠨᡨᡠ

ᡧᠣᠯᠣᠨᡨᡠ ᡧᠣᠯᠣᠨᡨᡠ#Manchu


ᡧᠣᠯᠣᠨᡨᡠ

head

ᡧᠣᠯᠣᠨᡨᡠ • (šolontu)


ᡧᠣᠯᠣᠨᡨᡠ

ᡧᠣᠯᠣᠨᡨᡠ • (šolontu)


darun

ᡩᠠᡵᡠᠨ ᡩᠠᡵᡠᠨ#Manchu


ᡧᡠᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *sige, compare Evenki сигӯн (sigūn).


ᡧᡠᠨ

Emperor Shun, legendary ruler of ancient China


ᠪᡳᡵᠠ

From Jurchen *bira, cognate with Even бира (ʙira), Evenki бира (bira).


ᡨᠠᠴᡳᡴᡡ

ᡨᠠᠴᡳᡴᡡ • (tacikū)

From ᡨᠠᠴᡳ᠊ (taci-, “to study”) + ᠊ᡴᡡ (-kū).


ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ

The etymology is "conventionally dismiss[ed] as indecipherable on the basis of available documentation". It was not used in fifteenth-century Jurchen. Speculative suggestions include:
* Related to Classical Mongolian ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ (kitad, “China”).
* Corrupted from Classical Mongolian [script needed] (nanggiyad, “Chinese, Ming Chinese”), from Chinese 南家 (“southern households”).
* Corrupted from unknown element ni- + Chinese 漢／汉 (hàn, “Han Chinese”), perhaps 明漢 (“Ming Han, Han of the Ming dynasty”), as Manchu transcriptions of foreign words sometimes conflate the initial nasals.
* Related to native Manchu verbs such as ᠨᡳᡴᡝᠮᠪᡳ (nikembi, “to lean on, to rely on”) and ᠨᡳᡴᡝᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ (nikebumbi, “to prop up, to support”) with the original meaning of "servant", the meaning of which transferred to "Han Chinese" upon Jurchen/Manchu expansion, during which the conquered Han became subservient to the Manchus. Alexander Vovin considers this sort of semantic shift from a derogatory Proto-Tungusic root most likely, citing Negidal [script needed] (nikan, “Chinese, bandit, robber”), Udihe [script needed] (ningka, “Chinese, laborer, worker”), Oroch [script needed] (n'ingka, “slave, servant”), and other Tungusic forms, and says:
*: "Regardless of the phonetic details, the semantic fit seems to be almost perfect: 'robber, slave, servant'—what could be more offensive to an enemy?"

unk

"conventionally dismiss􂀿ed􂁀 as indecipherable on the basis of available documentation"


ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ

desc

→ Chinese: → 尼堪 (Níkān) (transliteration)


ᠮᠣᡵᡳᠨ

From Jurchen muri, 木力 (mu-li /muri/), from Proto-Tungusic *murin. Cognate with Oroqen mʊrɪn, Evenki мурин (murin), Even мурон (muron) and Solon moring. Also connected with the Korean ᄆᆞᆯ (“horse”).

ᠮᠣᡵᡳᠨ
ᠶᠠᠯᡠᠮᠪᡳ ― morin yalumbi ― to ride a horse

ᠮᠣᡵᡳᠨ
ᡝᡵᡳᠨ ― morin erin ― 11:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m

(astrology) seventh earthly branch: horse in the Chinese zodiac, 5th solar month


sogi

ᠰᠣᡤᡳ ᠰᠣᡤᡳ#Manchu


arfa

ᠠᡵᡶᠠ ᠠᡵᡶᠠ#Manchu


jeje

ᠵᡝᠵᡝ ᠵᡝᠵᡝ#Manchu


weihe

ᠸᡝᡳᡥᡝ ᠸᡝᡳᡥᡝ#Manchu


biya

ᠪᡳᠶᠠ ᠪᡳᠶᠠ#Manchu


nure

ᠨᡠᡵᡝ ᠨᡠᡵᡝ#Manchu


gurun

ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ#Manchu


tugi

ᡨᡠᡤᡳ ᡨᡠᡤᡳ#Manchu


juwe

ᠵᡠᠸᡝ ᠵᡠᠸᡝ#Manchu


ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ

ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ (dulimbai, “middle”) + ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (gurun, “country”). Calque of Chinese 中國／中国 (Zhōngguó, “Middle Kingdom”).


wargi

ᠸᠠᡵᡤᡳ ᠸᠠᡵᡤᡳ#Manchu


uyan

ᡠᠶᠠᠨ ᡠᠶᠠᠨ#Manchu


hise

ᡥᡳᠰᡝ ᡥᡳᠰᡝ#Manchu


mafa

ᠮᠠᡶᠠ ᠮᠠᡶᠠ#Manchu


weile

ᠸᡝᡳᠯᡝ ᠸᡝᡳᠯᡝ#Manchu


ulin

ᡠᠯᡳᠨ ᡠᠯᡳᠨ#Manchu


gege

ᡤᡝᡤᡝ ᡤᡝᡤᡝ#Manchu


ᠵᡳᠣ

ᠵᡳᠮᠪᡳ ᠵᡳᠮᠪᡳ#Manchu


ᡴᡠᡧᡠᠨ

head

ᡴᡠᡧᡠᠨ • (kušun)

滿洲實錄第一卷
ᠮᡳᠨᡳ
ᠪᡝᠶᡝ
ᡴᡠᡧᡠᠨ
ᠣᡥᠣᠪᡳ᠉
mini beye kušun ohobi.
My body has become heavy.


ᠵᡳᠮᠪᡳ

ᠵᡳᠮᠪᡳ • (jimbi) (imperative ᠵᡳᠣ or ᠵᡠ, future ᠵᡳᡩᡝᡵᡝ)

jimbi (romanization)
ᠵᡳᠣ (imperative)
ᠵᡠ (imperative)
ᠵᡳᡩᡝᡵᡝ (future)

滿洲實錄第一卷／满洲实录第一卷
ᠪᡝᠶᡝ
ᠸᡝᡳᡥᡠᡴᡝᠨ
ᠣᡥᠣ
ᠮᠠᠩᡤᡳ᠈
ᠵᡳᠣ
ᠰᡝᠮᡝ
ᡥᡝᠨᡩᡠᡶᡳ
ᡤᡝᠨᡝᡥᡝ᠉
beye weihuken oho manggi, jio seme hendufi genehe.
"Come when your body becomes lighter." After saying this, they went away.


ᡶᠠᠴᡠᡥᡡᠨ

ᡶᠠᠴᡠᡥᡡᠨ • (facuhūn)

滿洲實錄 第一卷
ᡝᠮᡝ
ᡥᡝᠨᡩᡠᠮᡝ᠈
ᠵᡠᡳ
ᠰᡳᠮᠪᡝ
ᠠᠪᡴᠠ
ᡶᠠᠴᡠᡥᡡᠨ
ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ
ᠪᡝ
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᠮᡝ
ᠪᠠᠨᠵᡳᡴᡳᠨᡳ
ᠰᡝᠮᡝ
ᠪᠠᠨᠵᡳᠪᡠᡥᠠᠪᡳ᠉
eme hendume, jui simbe abka facuhūn gurun be dasame banjikini seme banjibuhabi.
Mother said, "Children, you are created by God to rule over (those) nations that are in chaos."


ᠸᡝᠰᡳᠮᠪᡳ

From Proto-Tungusic *ugi-, compare Evenki угиривми (ugiriwmi).

滿洲實錄 第一卷
ᡝᠮᡝ
ᡠᡨᡥᠠᡳ
ᠠᠪᡴᠠ
ᡩᡝ
ᠸᡝᠰᡳᡴᡝ᠉
eme uthai abka de wesike.
(His) mother then ascended into heaven.

清文啟蒙 第二卷
ᠠᡤᡝ
ᠰᡳ
ᠠᡨᠠᠩᡤᡳ
ᠸᡝᠰᡳᡴᡝᠩᡤᡝ᠈
ᠠᠮᠪᠠ
ᡠᡵᡤᡠᠨ
ᡴᠠᡳ᠉
age si atanggi wesikengge, amba urgun kai.
When was it that you got a promotion? It's a great joy for you!


ᠵᡳᡩᡝᡵᡝ

ᠵᡳᠮᠪᡳ ᠵᡳᠮᠪᡳ#Manchu


ᠠᠯᡤᡳᠨ

清文啟蒙第二卷
ᠠᡤᡝ ᡳ
ᠠᠮᠪᠠ
ᠠᠯᡤᡳᠨ
ᠪᡝ
ᡩᠣᠨᠵᡳᡶᡳ
ᡤᠣᡳᡩᠠᡥᠠ᠉
age-i amba algin be donjifi goidaha.
I have heard of your great name for a long time.


ᡴᠣᠣᠯᡳ

清文啟蒙第二卷
ᡝᡵᡝ
ᡤᡝᠰᡝ
ᡴᠣᠣᠯᡳ
ᠠᡴᡡ
ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠ
ᡤᡝᠯᡳ
ᠪᡳᠨᡳ᠉
ere gese kooli akū baita geli bini.
Does such an unreasonable matter ever exist?

滿洲實錄第一卷
ᠮᡠᠰᡝ
ᠯᡳᠩᡩᠠᠨ
ᠣᡴᡨᠣ
ᠵᡝᡴᡝᠪᡳᡥᡝ᠈
ᠪᡠᠴᡝᡵᡝ
ᡴᠣᠣᠯᡳ
ᠠᡴᡡ᠉
muse lingdan okto jekebihe, bucere kooli akū.
We have already taken elixir, so there is no reason that you shall die.


ᡝᡳᠮᡝᠮᠪᡳ

清文啟蒙第二卷
...
ᡩᠠᠮᡠ
ᠶᠠᠪᡠᡥᠠᡳ
ᠠᡤᡝ
ᡩᡝ
ᡝᡳᠮᡝᠪᡠᡵᡝ
ᡳᠨᡝᠩᡤᡳ
ᠪᡳᡴᠠᡳ᠉
... damu yabuhai age de eimebure inenggi bikai.
... but if I go there, it will be a tiring moment for you!

I hope you won't be tired of my visiting!


ᡝᠯᠪᡝᠮᠪᡳ

御製增訂清文鑑
ᡠᠮᡝᠰᡳ
ᡩᡝᠨ
ᡨᡠᠮᡝᠨ
ᠵᠠᡴᠠ
ᠪᡝ
ᡝᠯᠪᡝᡥᡝᠩᡤᡝ
ᠪᡝ᠈
ᠠᠪᡴᠠ
ᠰᡝᠮᠪᡳ᠉
umesi den tumen jaka be elbehengge be, abka sembi.
Something that is very high and covering everything that exists, is called sky.


ᠴᠠᠩᡤᡳ

清文啟蒙第一卷
ᠪᡳ
ᡩᠠᠮᡠ
ᠰᡳᠨᡳ
ᠠᠩᡤᠠᡳ
ᠴᠠᠩᡤᡳ
ᡤᡝᠨᡝᠮᠪᡳ
ᠰᡝᡥᡝᠪᡝ
ᡩᠣᠨᠵᡳᡵᡝ
ᡩᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠ᠈
ᠰᡳ
ᡝᠮᡤᡝᡵᡳ
ᠶᠠᡵᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᡳ
ᡤᡝᠨᡝᡵᡝ
ᠪᡝ
ᠣᡵᠣᠨ
ᠰᠠᠪᡠᡥᠠᡴᡡ᠉
bi damu sini anggai canggi genembi sehebe donjire dabala, si emgeri yargiyan-i genere be oron sabuhakū.
I have only been hearing from your mouth saying, "I will surely go," but I have yet to see you really go.


ᠠᡨᠠᠩᡤᡳ

清文啟蒙 第二卷
ᠠᡤᡝ
ᠰᡳ
ᠠᡨᠠᠩᡤᡳ
ᠵᡳᠮᠪᡳ᠉
age si atanggi jimbi.


ᡶᡝᠯᡳᠶᡝᠮᠪᡳ

From Proto-Tungusic *peli-, compare Nanai пулси- (pulsi-).

清文啟蒙 第二卷
ᠮᡳᠨᡳ
ᠪᠣᠣᡩᡝ
ᠮᠠᠵᡳᡤᡝ
ᡶᡝᠯᡳᠶᡝᡵᡝᠣ᠉
mini boode majige feliyereo.
Please visit my home for a little while.


ᠠᠪᡴᠠ

Inherited from Jurchen *abxa (Jurchen script: , Image: ).

滿洲實錄 第一卷
ᡝᠮᡝ
ᡥᡝᠨᡩᡠᠮᡝ᠈
ᠵᡠᡳ
ᠰᡳᠮᠪᡝ
ᠠᠪᡴᠠ
ᡶᠠᠴᡠᡥᡡᠨ
ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ
ᠪᡝ
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᠮᡝ
ᠪᠠᠨᠵᡳᡴᡳᠨᡳ
ᠰᡝᠮᡝ
ᠪᠠᠨᠵᡳᠪᡠᡥᠠᠪᡳ᠉
eme hendume, jui simbe abka facuhūn gurun be dasame banjikini seme banjibuhabi.
Mother said: "Children, you are created by God to rule over (those) nations that are in chaos."


ᠠᡳᠨᡠ

清文啟蒙 第二卷
ᠠᡤᡝ
ᠠᡳᠨᡠ
ᡠᡨᡨᡠ
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠮᠪᡳ᠉ ― age ainu uttu gisurembi. ― Why do you say this, brother?


ᡤᡡᠸᠠᠪᠰᡳ

ᡤᡡᠸᠠᠪᠰᡳ • (gūwabsi)

ᡤᡡᠸᠠ (gūwa, “other, else”) + -ᠪᠰᡳ (-bsi)

com

清文啟蒙
ᠰᡳᠨᡳ
ᠪᠣᠣᡳ
ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ
ᠰᡳᠮᠪᡝ
ᠪᠣᠣᡩᡝ
ᠠᡴᡡ᠈
ᡤᡡᠸᠠᠪᠰᡳ
ᡤᡝᠨᡝᡥᡝ
ᠰᡝᡥᡝ᠉
sini booi niyalma simbe boode akū, gūwabsi genehe sehe.
Your family said you were not at home and that you had gone elsewhere.


ᡥᡝᡧᡠ ᡥᠠᡧᡠ

head

ᡥᡝᡧᡠ
ᡥᠠᡧᡠ • (hešu hašu)

清文啟蒙第二卷
ᠸᡝ
ᠶᠠ
ᡩᡝ
ᡝᠮᡠ
ᡥᡝᡧᡠ
ᡥᠠᡧᡠ ᡳ
ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠ
ᠠᡴᡡ
ᠨᡳ᠉
we ya de emu hešu hašu-i baita akū ni.
Who doesn't have some chores to deal with?


ᠠᠯᡳᠨ

滿洲實錄 第一卷
ᡨᡝᡵᡝ
ᠠᠯᡳᠨ
ᠴᡳ
ᡨᡠᠴᡳᡴᡝᠩᡤᡝ
ᠶᠠᠯᡠ᠈
ᡥᡡᠨᡨᡠᠩ᠈
ᠠᡳᡥᡠ
ᠰᡝᡵᡝ
ᡳᠯᠠᠨ
ᡤᡳᠶᠠᠩ
tere alin ci tucikengge yalu, hūntung, aihu sere ilan giyang
Coming out of that mountain are three rivers: Yalu, Hūntung, and Aihu.


ᠪᡝᠶᡝ

From Jurchen *bəje, from Proto-Tungusic *beje. Compare Nanai бэе (beje).


ᡤᡝᡤᡝ

→ Chinese: 格格

(Qing dynasty) daughter of the emperor, prince or king

(Qing dynasty) concubine of a member in the imperial clan


ᡠᠵᡠ

From Jurchen 兀住 (/uǰu/), commonly derived from Proto-Tungusic *irgä (“brain”), but vowels do not match this reconstruction.
Compare Evenki иргэ (irgə, “brain, mind”).


ᡨᡠᠮᡝᠨ

From Mongolic *tümen, from Proto-Turkic *tümen of uncertain origin.
Compare Jurchen tumәn (Jurchen script: ), Mongolian түмэн (tümen), Old Turkic 𐱅𐰇𐰢𐰤 (tümen).


simen

ᠰᡳᠮᡝᠨ ᠰᡳᠮᡝᠨ#Manchu


ᠮᡝᡳᡥᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *müikī, compare Nanai муйки (mujki).


ᡩᠣᡵᡤᡳ ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠ ᠪᡝ ᡠᡥᡝᡵᡳ ᡴᠠᡩᠠᠯᠠᡵᠠ ᠶᠠᠮᡠᠨ

ᡩᠣᡵᡤᡳ
ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠ
ᠪᡝ
ᡠᡥᡝᡵᡳ
ᡴᠠᡩᠠᠯᠠᡵᠠ
ᠶᠠᠮᡠᠨ • (dorgi baita be uheri kadalara yamun)

dorgi baita be uheri kadalara yamun (romanization)

(historical) Imperial Household Department; an institution of the Qing dynasty that managed the internal affairs of the Qing imperial family.

en-ᡩᠣᡵᡤᡳ_ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠ_ᠪᡝ_ᡠᡥᡝᡵᡳ_ᡴᠠᡩᠠᠯᠠᡵᠠ_ᠶᠠᠮᡠᠨ-mnc-name-4WCsgslN


ᡝᡵᡳᡴᡠ

From Proto-Tungusic *xeri- (“to sweep”). See Manchu ᡝᡵᡳᠮᠪᡳ (erimbi).


ᡥᠠᡵᠪᡳᠨ

→ English: Harbin

→ Chinese: 哈爾濱／哈尔滨 (Hā'ěrbīn)

The Official Guidebook of China, Beijing: China Travel and Tourism Press, 1982, →ISBN, page 186: “Harbin used to be a fishing village and its name, in Manchu dialect, means drying fishnets. Unlike most of China, it has a very short history. Harbin was incorporated as a town in 1898.”

Harbin (a prefecture-level city and subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Heilongjiang, in northeastern China)


ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ

From Jurchen  (*guru-un). Compare Mongolian гүрэн (güren, “state”).

ᡨᡠᠯᡝᡵᡤᡳ
ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ― tulergi gurun ― foreign country


ᠸᠠᠩ

→ Chagatai: وانک (wān͜k)

Uyghur: ۋاڭ (wang)


ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠨ

→ Chinese: 諾顏／诺颜, 诺颜 (nuòyán)


ᡝᡵᠴᡳᠰ

desc

→ Chinese: 額爾齊斯／额尔齐斯 (É'ěrqísī)

→ Chinese: 額爾齊斯／额尔齐斯 (É'ěrqísī)

Borrowed from Mongolian ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠰ (erčis), from Written Oirat ᡄᠷᡔᡅᠰ (ercis).

Irtysh (a river in China, Kazakhstan and Russia)


aniya

ᠠᠨᡳᠶᠠ ᠠᠨᡳᠶᠠ#Manchu


ᠯᠠᠮᠠ

Borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠯᠠᠮᠠ (lama), from Classical Tibetan བླ་མ (bla ma).


ᠨᡳᠮᠠᠩᡤᡳ

From Proto-Tungusic *ximansa (“snow”). Compare Jurchen 亦忙吉 (yi-mang-ji /imanggi/), Evenki иманна (imanna), Nanai симана (simana).


ᠰᡝᠪᡩᡝᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *semtu (“rust”). Cognate with Evenki сэмту (səmtu), Oroch сэмту (səmtu), Udihe сэмту (səmtu), Orok сэпту (səmtu), Nanai сэптучэ (səptučə), Ulch сэптучэ (səptučə).

cog

Ulch сэптучэ (səptučə)


ᠸᡝᡥᡝ

From Jurchen wehe, from Proto-Tungusic *ure (“mountain”). Cognate with Evenki урэ (urə).
Alternatively, it may be derived from a Chukotko-Kamchatkan language, cf. Chukchi выквын (wəkwən, “stone”), from Proto-Chukotko-Kamchatkan *ɣəv(ɣəv) (“stone”).


ᡳᠨᡩᠠᡥᡡᠨ

head

ᡳᠨᡩᠠᡥᡡᠨ • (indahūn)

From Jurchen 因荅忽 (indahun /in-da-hun/), from Proto-Tungusic *ŋindakin. Cognate with Nanai инда (inda), Orok ӈинда (ŋịnda), Ulch и̇ӈда (ịŋda).

ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ ᡳ
ᠶᠠᡵᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ
ᡴᠣᠣᠯᡳ᠈
ᡠᠵᡠᡳ
ᡩᡝᠪᡨᡝᠯᡳᠨ
manju-i yargiyan kooli, ujui debtelin
滿洲實錄第一卷

ᡨᠠᡳᡯᡠ
ᠰᡠᡵᡝ
ᠪᡝᡳᠯᡝᡳ
ᠪᠣᠣᡳ
ᡨᠠᠩᡤᡡᡥᠠ
ᡤᡝᠪᡠᠩᡤᡝ
ᡳᠨᡩᠠᡥᡡᠨ
ᠪᠣᠣᡳ
ᠸᠠᡵᡤᡳᠴᡳ
ᡤᡝᡵ
ᠰᡝᡶᡳ
ᡩᡝᡵᡤᡳ
ᡩᡝ
ᡤᡝᠨᡝᠮᠪᡳ᠈
ᡩᡝᡵᡤᡳ
ᠴᡳ
ᡤᡝᡵ
ᠰᡝᡶᡳ
ᠸᠠᡵᡤᡳ
ᡩᡝ
ᡤᡝᠨᡝᠮᠪᡳ᠉
taidzu sure beilei booi tanggūha gebungge indahūn booi wargici ger sefi dergi de genembi, dergi ci ger sefi wargi de genembi.


ᠨᠠᡳᡥᡡᠮᠪᡳ

ᠨᠠᡳᡥᡡᠮᠪᡳ • (naihūmbi)

From Mongolian ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠬᠤ (nayiɣuqu, “to shake, sway, hang over”).


ᠪᡝᠵᡳᠩ

Borrowed from Middle Mongol ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ (begeǰing).

ᠪᡝᡤᡳᠩ ᠪᡝᡤᡳᠩ#Manchu

Alternative form of ᠪᡝᡤᡳᠩ (beging, “Beijing, Peking”)


ᡥᠠᠰᡳᡥᠠᡵ

Borrowed from Written Oirat ᡍᠠᠱᡍᠠᠷ (xašxar). Compare Classical Mongolian ᠬᠠᠱᠢᠬᠠᠷ (qašiqar).

ᡴᠠᠰᡳᡤᠠᡵ ᡴᠠᠰᡳᡤᠠᡵ#Manchu


ᡡᠯᡝᡨ

head

ᡡᠯᡝᡨ • (ūlet)

Borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳ (ögeled).

ᠠᡳᠮᠠᠨ ᠠᡳᠮᠠᠨ#Manchu

(⁓ ᠠᡳᠮᠠᠨ) Eleuths (Dzungars in Xinjiang or Khoshuts in Qinghai; also used to collectively call the Oirat people)

ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ#Manchu


ᠶᠠᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ

From Jurchen  (*jɑbumɑi). Compare also Mongolian явах (javax), ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠤ (yabuqu); Classical Mongolian ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠮᠤᠢ (yabumui); etc.


ᡴᠠᠰᡳᡤᠠᡵ

zh-l

喀什噶爾／喀什噶尔 (Kāshígá'ěr)

→ Chinese: 喀什噶爾／喀什噶尔 (Kāshígá'ěr)

Borrowed from Written Oirat ᡍᠠᠱᡅᡎᠠᠷ (xašiɣar), from Classical Persian کاشغر (Kāšğar).


ᡥᠠᠰᠠᡴ

desc

→ Chinese: 哈薩克／哈萨克

zh-l

哈萨克 (Hāsàkè)

→ Chinese: 哈薩克／哈萨克, 哈萨克 (Hāsàkè)

Borrowed from Written Oirat ᡍᠠᠰᠠᡎ (xasag).

滿文老檔
...ᠪᡳ
ᡥᠠᠰᠠᡴ ᡳ
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ
ᡠᠯᡥᡳᡵᠠᡴᡡ᠈
ᡝᠮᡠ
ᡥᠠᠰᠠᡴ
ᡠᡨᡥᠠᡳ
ᠮᡳᠮᠪᡝ
ᠵᠠᡶᠠᡥᠠ᠉
...bi hasak-i gisun ulhirakū, emu hasak uthai mimbe jafaha.
...I do not understand the Kazakh language, and a Kazakh captured me immediately.


ᡥᠠᠰᠠᡴ

Kazakhstan (a country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe)


ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ

From Jurchen  (*moŋgu), from Middle Mongol ᠮᠣᠩᠬᠣᠯ (mongqol).

ᡩᠣᡵᡤᡳ
ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ ― dorgi monggo ― Inner Mongolia

ᡨᡠᠯᡝᡵᡤᡳ
ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ ― tulergi monggo ― Outer Mongolia

(historical) Mongolia (a region of the Qing dynasty)


ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ

ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ
ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ ― monggo hergen ― Mongolian script


sabu

ᠰᠠᠪᡠ ᠰᠠᠪᡠ#Manchu


ᡨᡠᠪᡝᡨ

Borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ (Töbed).


ᡨᡠᡤᡳ

From Proto-Tungusic *tuge. Cognate with Even төгэчин (tögəcin), Evenki тӯксу (tūksu), Nanai тэвэксэ (təvəksə), Orok тэвэксэ (təvəskə), Oroch токсо (tokso), Udihe [script needed] (tokɵ) etc.

cog

Orok тэвэксэ (təvəskə)


ᡝᡩᡠᠨ

Xibe: ᡠᡩᡠᠨ (udun)

From Proto-Tungusic *xedün. Cognate with Even эдэн (ədən), Evenki эдын (ədin), Negidal [script needed] (ədin), Nanai хэдун (xədun), Ulch хэду (xədu), Orok хэду(н) (hədu(n)), Oroch эди(н), Udihe эди (ədu), Jurchen edun, e -du etc.

滿洲實錄 卷一

ᡧᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ
ᠠᠯᡳᠨ
ᡝᡩᡠᠨ
ᠮᠠᠩᡤᠠ᠉ ― šanggiyan alin edun mangga. ― The wind is strong in Changbai Mountains.


ᠪᠠᡳᡥᠠᠯ

→ Chinese: 栢海兒／栢海儿 (Bǎihǎi'ér)

Baikal (a lake in Russia), the deepest lake in the world.


ᠣᡵᡤᠣᠨ

desc

→ Chinese: 鄂爾渾／鄂尔浑, 鄂尔浑 (È’ěrhún)

→ Chinese: 鄂爾渾／鄂尔浑, 鄂尔浑 (È’ěrhún)


ᡴᡡᡵᠠᠮᠪᡳ

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ᡴᡡᡵᠠᠮᠪᡳ • (kūrambi)


ᡤᡠᠩᡥᡝᡬᠣ

Borrowed from Chinese 共和國／共和国 (gònghéguó).


ᠰᡝᠯᡝᠩᡤᡝ

From ᠰᡝᠯᡝ (sele, “iron”, noun) + ᠊ᠩᡤᡝ (-ngge, denominal adjective-forming suffix).


ᠰᡝᠯᡝᠩᡤᡝ

desc

→ Chinese: 色楞額／色楞额, 色楞格 (Sèlénggé) (via Mandarin)

Borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠰᠡᠯᠡᠩᠭᠡ (Selengge).

bor+

ᠪᡳᡵᠠ
ᠰᡝᠯᡝᠩᡤᡝ ᠪᡳᡵᠠ#Manchu

(~ ᠪᡳᡵᠠ) Selenga (a river in China, Mongolia and Russia)


ᠯᠣᡥᠣ

# From Jurchen, from Proto-Tungusic *loxa.
# Presumably cognate with Evenki лукучнӯн (lukuçnūn, “sword”, North Baikal), also found in other Tungusic languages of the south, but these may be Manchu loans. Compare Nanai лохон (loxon), Negidal лохон (loxon), Udihe ло̄ (lō).


ᡳᠰᡠᠰ

Borrowed from Russian Іису́съ (Iisús), from Ancient Greek Ἰησοῦς (Iēsoûs).


ᡳᠰᡠᠰ ᡥᡝᡵᡳᠰᡨᠣᠰ

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^ᡳᠰᡠᠰ ^ᡥᡝᡵᡳᠰᡨᠣᠰ

Borrowed from Russian Іису́съ Хрісто́съ (Iisús Xristós).

bor

Іису́съ Хрісто́съ


ᠵᠠᡵᡥᡡ

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ᠵᠠᡵᡥᡡ • (jarhū)

From Jurchen [Term?] from Proto-Tungusic *ʒargul. Compare Evenki дяргул (ʒargul, “dhole”), Oroch [script needed] (ǯalguri, “dhole”).


ᠮᠣᠩᡤᡡ

From Jurchen  (*moŋgu), from Middle Mongol ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ (mongɣul).

ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ#Manchu

Alternative form of ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ (monggo, “Mongols; Mongol”)


ᠮᠣᠩᡤᡡ

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ᠮᠣᠩᡤᡡ • (monggū)

ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ#Manchu


ᠠᠮᠪᠠᠨ

→ Tibetan: ཨམ་བན་ (am ban)

→ Chinese: 昂邦 (ángbāng)

→ Mongolian: Амбан (Amban)

→ Uyghur: ئامبان (amban)

(historical) amban (a Qing dynasty official who acted as a provincial governor)


ᠪᡝᡳᠯᡝ

ᠪᡝᡳᠯᡝ • (beile) (plural ᠪᡝᡳᠯᡝ
ᠰᡝ or ᠪᡝᡳᠰᡝ)

beile (romanization)
ᠪᡝᡳᠯᡝ ᠰᡝ (plural)
ᠪᡝᡳᠰᡝ (plural)

zh-l

貝勒／贝勒 (bèilè)

→ Chinese: 貝勒／贝勒 (bèilè)

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠪᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡ (beyile)

Mongolian: ᠪᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡ (beyile), бэйл (bejl)

→ Tuvan: бээли (beeli)

(historical) ruler of a Jurchen (also Urut of the Khorchin-Mongols) tribe during Ming dynasty

ᡩᠣᡵᠣᡳ ᠪᡝᡳᠯᡝ
ᡩᠣᡵᠣᡳ ᠪᡝᡳᠯᡝ#Manchu

ᡩᠣᡵᠣᡳ ᠪᡝᡳᠯᡝ
ᡩᠣᡵᠣᡳ ᠪᡝᡳᠯᡝ#Manchu

short for ᡩᠣᡵᠣᡳ
ᠪᡝᡳᠯᡝ (doroi beile): Prince of the Third Rank (one of the Qing dynasty royal and noble ranks)


ᡤᡡᠰᠠ

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ᡤᡡᠰᠠ • (gūsa)

(historical) banner (type of administrative and military division during the Qing dynasty)


ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠨ

→ Chinese: 甲喇

From Proto-Tungusic *jalan, compare Nanai дялан (ʒalan).

military unit consisting of 15 companies (4,500 men).


ᠪᠠᡨᡠᡵᡠ

desc

→ Chinese: 巴圖魯／巴图鲁 (bātúlǔ) (via Mandarin)

Borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ (baɣatur /baːtur/) with epithetic ᠊ᡠ (-u) avoiding atypical final *᠊ᡵ (*-r), from Middle Mongol [Term?].

bor+

An official title of the Qing dynasty, awarded to commanders and soldiers who fought bravely on the battlefield.


ᠵᠠᠩᡤᡳᠨ

→ Chinese: 章京 (zhāngjīng)

Borrowed from Chinese 將軍／将军 (jiāngjūn, “general”).

(historical) lieutenant-general; a military officer position in the Qing dynasty


ᠨᡳᡵᡠ

→ Mandarin: 牛彔 (niúlù)

desctree

→ Mongolian: ᠰᠤᠮᠤ (sumu) (calque)
→ Buryat: сомон (somon)
→ Russian: сомон (somon)
→ English: somon
→ English: sum
→ Mandarin: 蘇木／苏木 (sūmù)
→ English: sumu
→ Tuvan: сумон (sumon)
→ Russian: сумон (sumon)
→ English: sumon

From Proto-Tungusic *ńure, compare Evenki нюр (ņur).

(historical) basic unit of a Banner army


(full stop/period); marks the end of a sentence.


ᡯ

A letter of the Manchu alphabet, transcribed as dz or z.


ᡥ

A letter of the Manchu alphabet, transcribed as h.


ᠶ

A letter of the Manchu alphabet, transcribed as y.


ᠸ

A letter of the Manchu alphabet, transcribed as w.


ᠩ

A letter of the Manchu alphabet, transcribed as ng.


ᡴ

A letter of the Manchu alphabet, transcribed as k.


ᠣ

A letter of the Manchu alphabet, transcribed as o.


ᡠ

A letter of the Manchu alphabet, transcribed as u.


ᡡ

A letter of the Manchu alphabet, transcribed as ū, v or uu.


ᡨ

A letter of the Manchu alphabet, transcribed as t.


ᡟ

A letter of the Manchu alphabet, transcribed as y or yʻ.


ᡱ

A letter of the Manchu alphabet, transcribed as c῾, q or ch.


ᡶ

A letter of the Manchu alphabet, transcribed as f.


ᡩ

A letter of the Manchu alphabet, transcribed as d.


ᡧ

A letter of the Manchu alphabet, transcribed as š, x or sh.


ᡵ

A letter of the Manchu alphabet, transcribed as r.


ᡰ

A letter of the Manchu alphabet, transcribed as ž, r' or rr.


ᡮ

A letter of the Manchu alphabet, transcribed as ts' or c.


ᡭ

A letter of the Manchu alphabet, transcribed as h' or hh.


ᡬ

A letter of the Manchu alphabet, transcribed as g’ or gg.


ᡤ

A letter of the Manchu alphabet, transcribed as g.


ᠰ

A letter of the Manchu alphabet, transcribed as s.


ᠴ

A letter of the Manchu alphabet, transcribed as c, q or ch.


ᠪ

A letter of the Manchu alphabet, transcribed as b.


ᠯ

A letter of the Manchu alphabet, transcribed as l.


ᠵ

A letter of the Manchu alphabet, transcribed as j or zh.


(linguistics) Used at the start or end of an isolated lexeme to denote that it is orthographically attached to a stem.


ᡦ

A letter of the Manchu alphabet, transcribed as p.


ᠠ

A letter of the Manchu alphabet, transcribed as a.


ᠠ

the tooth-like stroke (for example, ᠠᡴᠠ) of some Manchu letters

yang, a principle in Chinese and related East Asian philosophies associated with bright, hot, masculine, etc. elements of the natural world.


ᡝ

A letter of the Manchu alphabet, transcribed as e.


ᡝ

yin, a principle in Chinese and related East Asian philosophies associated with dark, cool, female, etc. elements of the natural world


ᠨ

A letter of the Manchu alphabet, transcribed as n.


ᡥᡠᡥᡠᠨ

From Middle Mongol ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠨ (kökün), whence Mongolian хөх (xöx).


ᠪᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *buga; compare Bala 巴 (ba), Even буг (ʙug), Nanai боа (boa, “place”).


ᠪᡳᠶᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *biaga. Cognate with Evenki бега (bega), Nanai биа (bia), Oroqen bɛ꞉.


ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ

ayalambi (romanization)
ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ (future indicative sentence-final)
ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠮᡝ (future indicative progressive sentence-final)
ᠪᡳ (future indicative progressive sentence-final)
ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᡥᠠᠪᡳ (future indicative perfect sentence-final)
ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᡥᠠ (indicative past sentence-final)
ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳᡥᡝ (indicative past progressive sentence-final)
ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳᡥᡝᠪᡳ (indicative past perfect sentence-final)
ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᡵᠠ (future indicative sentence-final)
ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠣ (affirmative interrogative non-past)
ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᡵᠠᡴᡡᠨ (interrogative negative non-past perfect)
ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᡥᠠᠣ (affirmative interrogative past)
ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᡥᠠᡴᡡᠨ (interrogative negative past perfect)
ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠ (affirmative imperative)
ᡠᠮᡝ (imperative negative perfect)
ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᡵᠠ (imperative negative perfect)
ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᡴᡳ (affirmative desiderative)
ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᡴᡳ (desiderative emphatic perfect)
ᠰᡝᠮᠪᡳ (desiderative emphatic perfect)
ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᡴᡳᠨᡳ (affirmative interrogative optative)
ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᡴᡳ (affirmative interrogative optative)
ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᡵᠠᠣ (emphatic interrogative optative perfect polite)
ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠴᡳᠨᠠ (emphatic interrogative optative perfect polite)
ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠮᡝ (converb infinitive perfect)
ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠮᡝ (converb infinitive progressive)
ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᡶᡳ (converb gerund past perfect)
ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᡶᡳ (converb gerund past progressive)
ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠴᡳ (conditional converb perfect)
ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠴᡳ (conditional converb progressive)
ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᡥᠠᡳ (converb durative perfect)
ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᡥᠠᡳ (converb durative progressive)
ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᡨᠠᠯᠠ (converb perfect terminative)
ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᡨᠠᠯᠠ (converb progressive terminative)
ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᡨᠠᡳ (converb instrumental perfect)
ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᡨᠠᡳ (converb instrumental progressive)
ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠩᡤᠠᠯᠠ (converb perfect preparative)
ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠩᡤᠠᠯᠠ (converb preparative progressive)
ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠴᡳᠪᡝ (concessive converb perfect)
ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠴᡳᠪᡝ (concessive converb progressive)
ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᡵᠠᠯᠠᠮᡝ (adverbial converb perfect)
ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᡵᠠᠯᠠᠮᡝ (adverbial converb progressive)
ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᡵᠠ (non-past participle)
ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᡥᠠ (participle past)
ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᡵᠠᡴᡡ (negative non-past participle)
ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᡥᠠᡴᡡ (negative participle past)
ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᡵᠠᠩᡤᡝ (non-past noun-from-verb participle)
ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᡥᠠᠩᡤᡝ (noun-from-verb participle past)

From ᠠᠶᠠ᠊ (aya-, “wax”) + ᠊ᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ (-lambi).

(medicine) to form a vesicle (during smallpox or after vaccination)


ᡥᠣᡨᠣᠨ

From Mongolian ᠬᠣᠲᠠᠨ (qotan). Compare Nanai хотон (hoton), etc.


ᡤᠠᡧᠠᠨ

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ᡤᠠᡧᠠᠨ • (gašan)

Borrowed from Middle Mongol [Term?]. Compare Mongolian гацаан (gacaan, oblique of гацаа (gacaa, “village”)).

nc

oblique of <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="mn">гацаа</i> (gacaa, “village”)

ᡤᠠᡧᠠᠨ ᡳ
ᡩᠠ
ᡨᡠᠰᠣᡴᡠᡵᡩᡝᠩᡤᡳ

1775, 『カラフトナヨロ惣乙名文書』第二文書 北海道大学付属図書館蔵 乾隆四十年三月二十日 [Karafuto Nayoro Documents, No.2 Document (in Manchu language)]:

ᠮᡳᠨᡳ
ᡝᠮᡠ
ᡶᡝ
ᡤᡠᠴᡠ
ᠪᡳᡶᡳ᠈
ᠠᠮᠪᠠᠨ ᡳ
ᡝᠮᡤᡳ
ᡝᠮᡠ
ᡤᠠᡧᠠᠨ
ᡩᡝ
ᡨᡝᠮᠪᡳ᠉

1848, Pu Songling, translated by Jakdan, Sonjofi ubaliyambuha liyoo zhai zhi i bithe [Selected Short Stories by Liao Zhai in translation]:

An old friend of mine lives in a village together with the adults.

mini emu fe gucu bifi, amban-i emgi emu gašan de tembi.


ᠪᡝ ᠯᡳᡳ ᡥᡳ ᡨᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᡩᡝ

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ᠪᡝ ᠯᡳᡳ ᡥᡳ ᡨᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᡩᡝ

ᠪᡝ ᠯᡳᡳ ᡥᡳ ᡨᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᡩᡝ • (be-lii-hi-tiyan-de)

Ultimately from Latin praesidēns, likely via French président.

Diplomatic Credential Presented by the Great Qing Empire to the Great French Empire (1905)
ᠠᠮᠪᠠ
ᡩᠠᡳᠴᡳᠩ
ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᡳ
ᠠᠮᠪᠠ
ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡩᡳ
ᡤᡳᠩᡤᡠᠯᡝᠮᡝ
ᡶᠣᠨᠵᡳᠮᡝ
ᠠᠮᠪᠠ
ᡶᠠ
ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᡳ
ᠠᠮᠪᠠ
ᠪᡝ ᠯᡳᡳ ᡥᡳ ᡨᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᡩᡝ
ᡩᡝ
ᠰᠠᡳᠨ᠈
[…]
amba Daicing Gurun-i amba Hūwangdi gingguleme fonjime amba Fa Gurun-i amba be-lii-hi-tiyan-de de sain, […]
The great emperor of the great Qing Empire respectfully greets the great president of great France, […]


ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝᠮᠪᡳ

gisurecembi (romanization)
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝᠮᠪᡳ (future indicative sentence-final)
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝᠮᡝ (future indicative progressive sentence-final)
ᠪᡳ (future indicative progressive sentence-final)
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝᡥᡝᠪᡳ (future indicative perfect sentence-final)
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝᡥᡝ (indicative past sentence-final)
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝᠮᠪᡳᡥᡝ (indicative past progressive sentence-final)
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝᠮᠪᡳᡥᡝᠪᡳ (indicative past perfect sentence-final)
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝᡵᡝ (future indicative sentence-final)
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝᠣ (affirmative interrogative non-past)
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝᡵᠠᡴᡡᠨ (interrogative negative non-past perfect)
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝᡥᡝᠣ (affirmative interrogative past)
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝᡥᠠᡴᡡᠨ (interrogative negative past perfect)
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝ (affirmative imperative)
ᡠᠮᡝ (imperative negative perfect)
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝᡵᡝ (imperative negative perfect)
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝᡴᡳ (affirmative desiderative)
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝᡴᡳ (desiderative emphatic perfect)
ᠰᡝᠮᠪᡳ (desiderative emphatic perfect)
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝᡴᡳᠨᡳ (affirmative interrogative optative)
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝᡴᡳ (affirmative interrogative optative)
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝᡵᡝᠣ (emphatic interrogative optative perfect polite)
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝᠴᡳᠨᠠ (emphatic interrogative optative perfect polite)
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝᠮᡝ (converb infinitive perfect)
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝᠮᡝ (converb infinitive progressive)
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝᡶᡳ (converb gerund past perfect)
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝᡶᡳ (converb gerund past progressive)
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝᠴᡳ (conditional converb perfect)
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝᠴᡳ (conditional converb progressive)
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝᡥᡝᡳ (converb durative perfect)
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝᡥᡝᡳ (converb durative progressive)
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝᡨᡝᠯᡝ (converb perfect terminative)
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝᡨᡝᠯᡝ (converb progressive terminative)
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝᡨᡝᡳ (converb instrumental perfect)
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝᡨᡝᡳ (converb instrumental progressive)
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝᠩᡤᡝᠯᡝ (converb perfect preparative)
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝᠩᡤᡝᠯᡝ (converb preparative progressive)
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝᠴᡳᠪᡝ (concessive converb perfect)
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝᠴᡳᠪᡝ (concessive converb progressive)
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝᡵᡝᠯᠠᠮᡝ (adverbial converb perfect)
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝᡵᡝᠯᠠᠮᡝ (adverbial converb progressive)
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝᡵᡝ (non-past participle)
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝᡥᡝ (participle past)
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝᡵᠠᡴᡡ (negative non-past participle)
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝᡥᠠᡴᡡ (negative participle past)
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝᡵᡝᠩᡤᡝ (non-past noun-from-verb participle)
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠴᡝᡥᡝᠩᡤᡝ (noun-from-verb participle past)

From ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝ᠊ (gisure-, “to speak; to say; to talk”) + ᠊ᠴᡝᠮᠪᡳ (-cembi).

affix

(transitive) to speak to each other; to say to each other; to talk (of or about) to each other


ᡨᡝᠯᡝᠩᡤᡠᡨ

zh-l

特楞古特 (Tèlénggǔtè)

→ Chinese: 特楞古特 (Tèlénggǔtè)

Borrowed from Written Oirat [Term?] or Classical Mongolian ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠩᠭᠦᠳ (telenggüd).


ᠪᠠᡨᡠᡵᡠ

Borrowed from Middle Mongol ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ (baɣatur). Doublet of ᠪᠠᡨᡠᡵ (batur).

an official title of the Qing dynasty, awarded to commanders and soldiers who fought bravely on the battlefield


ᠪᠠᡨᡠᡵᡠ

zh-l

巴圖魯／巴图鲁 (bātúlǔ)

→ Chinese: 巴圖魯／巴图鲁 (bātúlǔ)


ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᠪᠣᠣ

Either inherited from Jurchen  (*guru-un bo-go), or a direct calque of Chinese 國家／国家 (guójiā). Compare also the Classical Mongolian equivalent ᠤᠯᠤᠰ
ᠭᠡᠷ (ulus ger).


ᠪᡝᡳᠰᡝ

zh-l

貝子／贝子 (bèizi)

→ Chinese: 貝子／贝子 (bèizi)

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠪᠡᠶᠢᠰᠡ (beyise)

Mongolian: ᠪᠡᠶᠢᠰᠡ (beyise), бэйс (bejs)

→ Tuvan: бээзи (beezi)

From Jurchen  (*bə[g]i-sə, plural of  (*bə{g}i-in, “{government} official”)).

inh

plural of <i class="None mention" lang="juc"></i> (*bə{g}i-in, “{government} official”)

ᡤᡡᠰᠠᡳ ᠪᡝᡳᠰᡝ
ᡤᡡᠰᠠᡳ ᠪᡝᡳᠰᡝ#Manchu

ᡤᡡᠰᠠᡳ ᠪᡝᡳᠰᡝ
ᡤᡡᠰᠠᡳ ᠪᡝᡳᠰᡝ#Manchu

short for ᡤᡡᠰᠠᡳ
ᠪᡝᡳᠰᡝ (gūsai beise): Prince of the Fourth Rank (one of the Qing dynasty royal and noble ranks)

ᠪᡝᡳᠯᡝ ᠪᡝᡳᠯᡝ#Manchu


ᠪᡠᡵᠠᡨ

→ Chinese: 布喇忒 (Bùlātè)

A phonetic variant of Classical Mongolian ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ (buriyad). Probably borrowed from (or influenced by) Middle Russian братъ m sg (brat, used in 17th–18th centuries).

bor

ᠣᠯᡳᠶᠣᠣᡥᠠᠨ
ᠵᡠᠪᡴᡳ᠈
ᠪᠠᡳᡥᠠᠯ
ᠪᡳᠯᡨᡝᠨ ᡳ
ᡩᠣᡵᡤᡳ
ᡩᡝᡵᡤᡳ
ᠠᠮᠠᡵᡤᡳ
ᡩᡝᠪᡳ᠈
ᠣᠨᠴᠣ
ᡳᠴᡳ
ᠰᡠᠰᠠᡳ
ᠪᠠ
ᡶᡠᠨᠴᡝᠮᠪᡳ᠈
ᡤᠣᠯᠮᡳᠨ
ᡳᠴᡳ
ᠵᡠᠸᡝ
ᡨᠠᠩᡤᡡ
ᠪᠠ
ᡶᡠᠨᠴᡝᠮᠪᡳ᠈
ᠵᡠᠪᡴᡳ
ᠨᡳᠩᡤᡠᠨᡩᡝ
ᠠᠯᠠᡵᠠᠮᡝ
ᠠᠯᡳᠨ
ᠪᠠᠨᠵᡳᠮᠪᡳ᠈
ᡳᠰᡳ᠈
ᡥᠠᡳᠯᠠᠨ᠈
ᠪᡠᡵᡤᠠ
ᠪᡳ᠈
ᡥᠠᠴᡳᠩᡤᠠ
ᡤᡠᡵᡤᡠ
ᠪᡳ᠈
ᡝᡩᡝ
ᠪᡠᡵᠠᡨ
ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ
ᠰᡠᠰᠠᡳ
ᡶᡠᠨᠴᡝᡵᡝ
ᠪᠣᡳᡤᠣᠨ᠈
ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ
ᠪᠣᠣ
ᠴᠠᠮᡝ
ᡨᡝᡥᡝᠪᡳ᠈
ᠮᠣᡵᡳᠨ᠈
ᡳᡥᠠᠨ᠈
ᡥᠣᠨᡳᠨ
ᡠᠵᡳᡥᡝᠮᠪᡳ᠈

1723, Tulišen, ᠯᠠᡴᠴᠠᡥᠠ
ᠵᡝᠴᡝᠨ
ᡩᡝ
ᡨᠠᡴᡡᡵᠠᡥᠠ
ᠪᠠᠪᡝ
ᡝᠵᡝᡥᡝ
ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ [lakcaha jecen de takūraha babe ejehe bithe, Narrative of the Chinese Embassy to the Khan of the Tourgouth Tartars] (overall work in Manchu and Literary Chinese):

The ‘islet’ of Olkhon is located inside Lake Baikal, northeast (from its western shore). It’s more than fifty lis wide and more than two hundred lis long. There’s a hill on the islet, where has been covered by larches, elms, and willows. There are various kinds of beasts. More than fifty Buryat Mongol families live there in gers they have been pitched, they raise horses, cattle, and sheep.

ᠪᡠᡵᡳᠶᠠᡨ ᠪᡠᡵᡳᠶᠠᡨ#Manchu

alternative form of ᠪᡠᡵᡳᠶᠠᡨ (buriyat, “Buryat”)


ᠪᡝᡤᡳᠩ

Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)


ᠠᡳᡠᡥᠠᠨ

zh-l

愛烏罕／爱乌罕 (Àiwūhǎn)

→ Chinese: 愛烏罕／爱乌罕 (Àiwūhǎn)

Afghanistan (A landlocked country between Central Asia and South Asia)


ᠪᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *buu, compare Evenki бу (bu), Nanai буэ (bue).


ᠪᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *-ba. Compare with Jurchen harmonic variations of [script needed] (*bə), [script needed] (*bɑ), and [script needed] (*bo). Cognate with Udihe [script needed] (-wə), Oroch [script needed] (-wa); Nanai [script needed] (-wa), Ulch [script needed] (-wa), Orok [script needed] (-wa); Solon [script needed] (-wə), Evenki -вэ (-wə) / -ва (-wa) / -во (-wo), Negidal [script needed] (-wa), Even [script needed] (-w); etc.

Forming the accusative case of the definite state, as the object in phrase ‘drinking the water’ (rather than ‘drinking water’)


ᠪᡝ

(literary) Used at the end of a sentence indicating affirmation, equivalent of Chinese 也 (yě).


ᠪᡝ

crossbar yoking shafts of a carriage (equivalent of Chinese 輗／𫐐 (ní))


ᠪᡝ

ᠪᡝ ᡳ
ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ ― be-i niyalma ― a Bai person (literally, “a person of the Bai”)

ᠪᡝ ᡳ
ᡥᡝᡥᡝ ― be-i hehe ― a Bai woman (literally, “a woman of the Bai”)


ᠵᡝᠶᡝᠯᡝᠮᠪᡳ

From ᠵᡝᠶᡝ᠊ (jeye-, “blade”) + ᠊ᠯᡝᠮᠪᡳ (-lembi); calque of Chinese 刃 (rèn).

affix

(transitive) to kill, especially with a bladed weapon or tool, a sword or a knife


ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ ᡴᠣᠣᠯᡳ

Calque of Chinese 字典 (zìdiǎn, literally “standard of [Chinese] characters”).

cal

ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ ᡴᠣᠣᠯᡳ ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ
ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ ᡴᠣᠣᠯᡳ ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ#Manchu

Only used in ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ
ᡴᠣᠣᠯᡳ
ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ (hergen kooli bithe, “dictionary”).


ᡩᠠ

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠳᠠ (da)

Mongolian:

Mongolian script: ᠳᠠ (da)

Cyrillic script: даа (daa)

→ Tuvan: даа (daa)

→ Daur: daa

From Jurchen (*da), from Proto-Tungusic *daga (“root”).

ᡤᠠᡧᠠᠨ ᡳ
ᡩᠠ
ᡨᡠᠰᠣᡴᡠᡵᡩᡝᠩᡤᡳ


ᡩᠠ

ᡩᠠᠮᠪᡳ ᡩᠠᠮᠪᡳ#Manchu


ᠮᡳᠨ

(dialectal) I (first-person singular pronoun)


ᡴᠠᡳᠯᠠᡵ

zh-l

開拉哩／开拉哩 (Kāilālī)

凱喇爾／凯喇尔 (Kǎilā’ěr)

→ Chinese: 開拉哩／开拉哩 (Kāilālī), 凱喇爾／凯喇尔 (Kǎilā’ěr)

Borrowed from Middle Mongol ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠷ (qayilar).


ᡤᡝᠪᡠ

From Jurchen  (*ɡəbu), from Proto-Tungusic *gerbǖ.


ᠮᡝᡳᡵᡝᠨ

→ Mongolian: ᠮᠡᠶᠢᠷᠡᠨ (meyiren)

→ Tuvan: мээрең (meereñ)

From Proto-Tungusic *muire, compare Evenki мӣрэ (mīrə), Even мирэ (mirə), Oroch мие, Oroqen mi꞉rə, Udihe мё ("neck"), Solon mīri, Solon mīrə(borrowed to miir), Nanai нгуйрэ (ŋujre), Nanai муйрэ (mujre), Orok мујрэ and Jurchen muire.

滿文老檔
ᠮᡳᠨᡳ
ᠮᡝᡳᡵᡝᠨ
ᡩᡝ
ᡝᠮᡠ
ᠰᡳᡵᡩᠠᠨ ᡳ
ᡶᡝᠶᡝ
ᠪᡳ᠉
mini meiren de emu sirdan-i feye bi.
There is an arrow wound on my shoulder.

ᠮᡝᡳᡵᡝᠨ ᡳ
ᠵᠠᠩᡤᡳᠨ ― meiren-i janggin ― deputy lieutenant-general

ᡝᡵᡝᠪᡝ
ᠨᡳᠩᡤᡠᡨᠠ᠈
ᡳᠯᠠᠨ
ᡥᠠᠯᠠ
ᠮᡝᡳᡵᡝᠨ ᡳ
ᠵᠠᠩᡤᡳᠨ
ᠰᡝᡳ
ᠶᠠᠮᡠᠨ
ᡩᡝ
ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ
ᠶᠠᠪᡠᠪᡠᡶᡳ᠈

1775, 『カラフトナヨロ惣乙名文書』第二文書 北海道大学付属図書館蔵 乾隆四十年三月二十日 [Karafuto Nayoro Documents, No.2 Document]:

Let the Deputy lieutenant-general of Ningguta and the Deputy lieutenant-general of Ilan Hala send this document at their government offices.

erebe ningguta, ilan hala meiren-i janggin sei yamun de bithe yabubufi,


ᡥᠣᠨᡳᠨ

# From Jurchen [Term?] (“xoni”), from Proto-Tungusic. Cognate with Nanai хонин (honin).
# Compare also Proto-Mongolic *konïn, compare Mongolian хонь (xonʹ).
# The latter is from Proto-Turkic *koń, compare Turkish koyun.


ᡤᡝᠯᡳ

Compare Jurchen gәli (Jurchen script: , Image: ) etc.

ᡴᡳᠩ
ᠸᡝᠨ
ᠴᡳ
ᠮᡝᠩ ᡳ
ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ ᡳ
ᡧᡠᡨᡠᠴᡳᠨ
king wen ci meng-i bithe-i šutucin
清文启蒙·序; Primer of Manchu script

ᡤᡡᠨᡳᠨ
ᡩᡝ
ᡨᡝᠪᡠᡵᠠᡴᡡᠴᡳ
ᠣᠮᠪᡳᠣ᠈
ᡴᡳᠴᡝᡵᠠᡴᡡᠴᡳ
ᡤᡝᠯᡳ
ᠣᠮᠪᡳᠣ᠉
gūnin de teburakūci ombio, kicerakūci geli ombio.
Is it reasonable to study without attention? Or is it OK to study without diligence?


ᡥᡡᡵᡳ

head

ᡥᡡᡵᡳ • (hūri)

From Proto-Tungusic [Term?]. Cognate with Jurchen xuri etc.


ᡩᠣᡵᠣᠨ

ᠯᡳᠣ
ᡴᡳᠣ
ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᡳ
ᠸᠠᠩ
ᠨᡳ
ᡩᠣᡵᠣᠨ ― lio kio gurun-i wang ni doron ― The seal of the King of The Ryukyu Kingdom


ᠵᡠᠸᠠᡵᡳ

From Proto-Tungusic *ʒuga. Cognate with Jurchen dʒua etc. Compare Evenki дюгани (ʒugaņi), Nanai дёа (ʒoa).

滿洲實錄 第一卷
ᠵᡠᠸᠠᡵᡳ
ᡝᡵᡳᠨ
ᠣᡥᠣ
ᠮᠠᠩᡤᡳ᠈
ᡧᡠᡵᡩᡝᠮᡝ
ᠠᠯᡳᠨ ᡳ
ᡤᡠᡵᡤᡠ
ᡤᡝᠮᡠ
ᡧᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ
ᠠᠯᡳᠨ
ᡩᡝ
ᡤᡝᠨᡝᡶᡳ
ᠪᡳᠮᠪᡳ᠉
juwari erin oho manggi, šurdeme alin-i gurgu gemu šanggiyan alin de genefi bimbi.
After entering the summer, the beasts that lived around the mountains come to Changbai Mountain to rest.


ᡩᡠᡩᡠ

From Jurchen  (*dudu), from Chinese 都督 (dūdu).


ᠰᠣᠯᠮᡳᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *sarme > *sarïmïkta, cognate with Evenki саримикта (sarimikta), Even харамта (haramta), Orok серемӯкта (seremükta), Orok сӣрмӯкта (sïrmükta), Orok сӣрӯмӯкта (sïrümükta), Ulch [script needed] (sarumta), Udihe [script needed] (saamikta) etc.

cog

Orok сӣрӯмӯкта (sïrümükta)


nemu

ᠨᡝᠮᡠ ᠨᡝᠮᡠ#Manchu


ᡴᡠᠰᡠᡤᡝᠯ ᠨᠣᠣᡵ

Borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠬᠥᠪᠰᠦᠭᠥᠯ
ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ (köbsügöl naɣur).

bor

ᠬᠥᠪᠰᠦᠭᠥᠯ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ

Khövsgöl Nuur (a lake in Khövsgöl, Mongolia), the largest freshwater lake in Mongolia.


ᡤᠠᠰᡥᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *gase; compare Bala 嘎萨 (gasa) and Nanai гаса (gasa).


ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᠴᡳᡴᡨᡝᠨ

heavenly stem: one of the ten terms used in East Asian cultures


ᠰᠠᡥᠠᡥᡡᠨ

head

ᠰᠠᡥᠠᡥᡡᠨ • (sahahūn)


ᠰᠠᡥᠠᡥᡡᠨ

ᠰᠠᡥᠠᡥᡡᠨ • (sahahūn)


ᠰᠠᡥᠠᡥᡡᠨ

ᠰᠠᡥᠠᡥᡡᠨ • (sahahūn)


ᠨᡳᠣᡥᠣᠨ

Akin to Manchu ᠨᡳᠣᠸᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ (niowanggiyan).


ᠸᠠᡵᡤᡳ ᡯᠠᠩ

ᠸᠠᡵᡤᡳ (wargi, “western”) + ᡯᠠᠩ (dzang). Phono-semantic matching of Tibetan དབུས་གཙང (dbus gtsang).

psm

(historical) Tibet, a region of the Qing dynasty


ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᡠᠯᠠ

ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ (sahaliyan, “black”) + ᡠᠯᠠ (ula, “river”), literally “black river”.


ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ

From Jurchen 撒哈良 (sa-ha-liang /saxalian/, “black”), from Proto-Tungusic *sakarīn (“black”). Compare also Evenki сакарӣн (sakarīn), Oroch сакаи (sakai), Ulch сахари (saxari), Orok сагари (sagari), сāри (sāri) and Nanai сахарин (saxarĩ).


ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ

ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ:


ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ

(historical) a Manchu clan during the Qing dynasty


ᡧᠠᡥᡡᠨ

head

ᡧᠠᡥᡡᠨ • (šahūn)


ᡧᠠᡥᡡᠨ

ᡧᠠᡥᡡᠨ • (šahūn)


ᡠᠯᠠ

→ Chinese: 烏拉／乌拉


ᡠᠯᠠ

(historical) a tribe of Haixi Jurchens people


ᠨᡳᠣᠸᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *ńoŋa, compare Nanai нёнгиан (njoŋian).


ᡧᠠᠨᠶᠠᠨ

ᡧᠠᠨᠶᠠᠨ • (šanyan)


ᡧᠠᠨᠶᠠᠨ

ᡧᠠᠨᠶᠠᠨ • (šanyan)


ᡧᠠᠨᠶᠠᠨ

ᡧᠠᠨᠶᠠᠨ • (šanyan)

庚, the seventh of the ten heavenly stems


ᡧᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ

ᡧᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ • (šanggiyan)

From Proto-Tungusic *šāka, compare Nanai чагдьан (čagʒan).


ᡧᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ

ᡧᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ • (šanggiyan)

From Proto-Tungusic *saŋńe, compare Evenki саңнян, Even ханин (haņin), Nanai сангнян (saŋnjan).

cog

Evenki саңнян

ᠵᡠᠨ ᡳ
ᡧᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ
ᡨᡠᠴᡳᡵᡝ
ᠰᠠᠩᡤᠠ
ᠪᡝ᠈
ᡥᡡᠯᠠᠨ
ᠰᡝᠮᠪᡳ᠉
jun-i šanggiyan tucire sangga be, hūlan sembi.
The hole where smoke comes out from the pole is called hūlan.


ᡧᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ

head

ᡧᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ • (šanggiyan)

cog

Evenki саңнян


ᡥᠣᡨᠣᠨ

A widespread Inner Asian Wanderwort; compare Mongolian хот (xot, “town”) and Ainu コタン (kotan, “village”).


ᠵᡠᠸᠠᠨ ᠴᡳᡴᡨᡝᠨ

ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᠴᡳᡴᡨᡝᠨ
ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᠴᡳᡴᡨᡝᠨ#Manchu

ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᠴᡳᡴᡨᡝᠨ
ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᠴᡳᡴᡨᡝᠨ#Manchu

Synonym of ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ
ᠴᡳᡴᡨᡝᠨ (abkai cikten): the ten heavenly stems


ᡧᠠᠨᠰᡳ

head

ᡧᠠᠨᠰᡳ • (šansi)


ᡧᠠᠨᡩᡠᠩ

ᡧᠠᠨᡩᡠᠩ • (šandung)


ᡤᡠᠸᠠᠩᠰᡳ

zh-l

廣西／广西 (Guǎngxī)

(historical) Guangxi, a province of the Qing dynasty


ᡨᠠᡳᠸᠠᠨ

Borrowed from Mandarin 臺灣／台湾 (Táiwān), from Literary Chinese 臺灣, from Hokkien 大員 (Tāi-oân), 大圓, 臺員, 大灣, 臺灣, etc., from possibly Siraya.

Taiwan (a country and island in East Asia)


ᡥᠠᠯᡥᡡᠨ

head

ᡥᠠᠯᡥᡡᠨ • (halhūn)

Compare Mongolian халуун (xaluun, “hot”).


ᡥᠠᠯᡥᡡᠨ ᠮᡠᠴᡝᠨ

ᡥᠠᠯᡥᡡᠨ
ᠮᡠᠴᡝᠨ • (halhūn mucen)


ᠰᡠᡩᡠᡵᡳ

From Middle Mongol ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ (sudur), compare судар (sudar, “scripture, codex, history”).


abka

ᠠᠪᡴᠠ ᠠᠪᡴᠠ#Manchu


abkai cikten

ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᠴᡳᡴᡨᡝᠨ
ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᠴᡳᡴᡨᡝᠨ#Manchu

ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᠴᡳᡴᡨᡝᠨ
ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᠴᡳᡴᡨᡝᠨ#Manchu


juwan cikten

ᠵᡠᠸᠠᠨ ᠴᡳᡴᡨᡝᠨ
ᠵᡠᠸᠠᠨ ᠴᡳᡴᡨᡝᠨ#Manchu

ᠵᡠᠸᠠᠨ ᠴᡳᡴᡨᡝᠨ
ᠵᡠᠸᠠᠨ ᠴᡳᡴᡨᡝᠨ#Manchu

Romanization of ᠵᡠᠸᠠᠨ
ᠴᡳᡴᡨᡝᠨ (juwan cikten)


Dulimbai gurun

ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ
ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ#Manchu

ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ
ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ#Manchu

Romanization of ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ
ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (dulimbai gurun)


dulimbai gurun

ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ
ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ#Manchu

ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ
ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ#Manchu


suduri

ᠰᡠᡩᡠᡵᡳ ᠰᡠᡩᡠᡵᡳ#Manchu


kakiri

ᡴᠠᡴᡳᡵᡳ ᡴᠠᡴᡳᡵᡳ#Manchu


bithe

ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ#Manchu


anju

ᠠᠨᠵᡠ ᠠᠨᠵᡠ#Manchu


ᠴᠣᠴᠣ

[t͡ʃʰɔ.t͡ʃʰɔ]

Connected with the Korean 좆 (jot, “penis”).


ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ

The lack of palatalization from ti- to či indicates that it was likely borrowed from Khitan 𘭃𘱚 (*? g) than Mongolic proper which was in turn borrowed from Old Turkic 𐰋𐰃𐱅𐰏 (bitig). Ultimately from Middle Chinese 筆 (pˠiɪt̚, “writing brush”).


fuseri

ᡶᡠᠰᡝᡵᡳ ᡶᡠᠰᡝᡵᡳ#Manchu


hūwajiyoo

ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠵᡳᠶᠣᠣ ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠵᡳᠶᠣᠣ#Manchu


niohon

ᠨᡳᠣᡥᠣᠨ ᠨᡳᠣᡥᠣᠨ#Manchu


fulahūn

ᡶᡠᠯᠠᡥᡡᠨ ᡶᡠᠯᠠᡥᡡᠨ#Manchu


sohon

ᠰᠣᡥᠣᠨ ᠰᠣᡥᠣᠨ#Manchu


fulgiyan

ᡶᡠᠯᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᡶᡠᠯᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ#Manchu


niowanggiyan

ᠨᡳᠣᠸᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᡳᠣᠸᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ#Manchu


suduri bithe

ᠰᡠᡩᡠᡵᡳ ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ
ᠰᡠᡩᡠᡵᡳ ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ#Manchu

ᠰᡠᡩᡠᡵᡳ ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ
ᠰᡠᡩᡠᡵᡳ ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ#Manchu


ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠵᡳᠶᠣᠣ

head

ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠵᡳᠶᠣᠣ • (hūwajiyoo)

Sichuan pepper; prickly ash (species in the genus Zanthoxylum)


ᠰᡠᡩᡠᡵᡳ ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ

ᠰᡠᡩᡠᡵᡳ (suduri, “history”) + ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ (bithe, “book”)


sahahūn

ᠰᠠᡥᠠᡥᡡᠨ ᠰᠠᡥᠠᡥᡡᠨ#Manchu


šanyan

ᡧᠠᠨᠶᠠᠨ ᡧᠠᠨᠶᠠᠨ#Manchu


šanggiyan

ᡧᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᡧᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ#Manchu


šahūn

ᡧᠠᡥᡡᠨ ᡧᠠᡥᡡᠨ#Manchu


suwayan

ᠰᡠᠸᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᡠᠸᠠᠶᠠᠨ#Manchu


sahaliyan

ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ#Manchu


tuweri

ᡨᡠᠸᡝᡵᡳ ᡨᡠᠸᡝᡵᡳ#Manchu


niyengniyeri

ᠨᡳᠶᡝᠩᠨᡳᠶᡝᡵᡳ ᠨᡳᠶᡝᠩᠨᡳᠶᡝᡵᡳ#Manchu


bolori

ᠪᠣᠯᠣᡵᡳ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᡵᡳ#Manchu


duin erin

ᡩᡠᡳᠨ ᡝᡵᡳᠨ
ᡩᡠᡳᠨ ᡝᡵᡳᠨ#Manchu

ᡩᡠᡳᠨ ᡝᡵᡳᠨ
ᡩᡠᡳᠨ ᡝᡵᡳᠨ#Manchu


kungdzi

ᡴᡠᠩᡯᡳ ᡴᡠᠩᡯᡳ#Manchu


ᡴᡠᠩᡯᡳ

Confucius, an influential Chinese philosopher who lived 551 B.C.E. – 479 B.C.E..


ᠪᠣᠯᠣᡵᡳ

From Proto-Tungusic *bola, compare Evenki болони (boloņi), Nanai боло (bolo).


ᠠᠮᠠ

→ Chinese: 阿瑪／阿玛 (àma)

From Proto-Tungusic *amin, compare Evenki ама (ama), Nanai ама (ama).


daicing gurun

ᡩᠠᡳᠴᡳᠩ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ
ᡩᠠᡳᠴᡳᠩ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ#Manchu

ᡩᠠᡳᠴᡳᠩ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ
ᡩᠠᡳᠴᡳᠩ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ#Manchu


ᠨᡳᠶᡝᠩᠨᡳᠶᡝᡵᡳ

From Proto-Tungusic *ńeŋńe, compare Evenki неӈненӣ (ņeŋņeņī), Nanai неӈне (njeŋnje).

cog

Evenki неӈненӣ (ņeŋņeņī)


ᡨᡠᠸᡝᡵᡳ

From Jurchen tuweri, Proto-Tungusic *töge, compare Evenki тугэни (tugəņi), Nanai туэ (tue).


nimaha

ᠨᡳᠮᠠᡥᠠ ᠨᡳᠮᠠᡥᠠ#Manchu


suduri dangse

ᠰᡠᡩᡠᡵᡳ ᡩᠠᠩᠰᡝ
ᠰᡠᡩᡠᡵᡳ ᡩᠠᠩᠰᡝ#Manchu

ᠰᡠᡩᡠᡵᡳ ᡩᠠᠩᠰᡝ
ᠰᡠᡩᡠᡵᡳ ᡩᠠᠩᠰᡝ#Manchu


ᠰᡠᡩᡠᡵᡳ ᡩᠠᠩᠰᡝ

ᠰᡠᡩᡠᡵᡳ (suduri, “history”) + ᡩᠠᠩᠰᡝ (dangse, “record”)


dangse

ᡩᠠᠩᠰᡝ ᡩᠠᠩᠰᡝ#Manchu


ejebun

ᡝᠵᡝᠪᡠᠨ ᡝᠵᡝᠪᡠᠨ#Manchu


inenggi

ᡳᠨᡝᠩᡤᡳ ᡳᠨᡝᠩᡤᡳ#Manchu


suduri ejebun

ᠰᡠᡩᡠᡵᡳ ᡝᠵᡝᠪᡠᠨ
ᠰᡠᡩᡠᡵᡳ ᡝᠵᡝᠪᡠᠨ#Manchu

ᠰᡠᡩᡠᡵᡳ ᡝᠵᡝᠪᡠᠨ
ᠰᡠᡩᡠᡵᡳ ᡝᠵᡝᠪᡠᠨ#Manchu


inenggi ejebun

ᡳᠨᡝᠩᡤᡳ ᡝᠵᡝᠪᡠᠨ
ᡳᠨᡝᠩᡤᡳ ᡝᠵᡝᠪᡠᠨ#Manchu

ᡳᠨᡝᠩᡤᡳ ᡝᠵᡝᠪᡠᠨ
ᡳᠨᡝᠩᡤᡳ ᡝᠵᡝᠪᡠᠨ#Manchu


dangse boo

ᡩᠠᠩᠰᡝ ᠪᠣᠣ
ᡩᠠᠩᠰᡝ ᠪᠣᠣ#Manchu

ᡩᠠᠩᠰᡝ ᠪᠣᠣ
ᡩᠠᠩᠰᡝ ᠪᠣᠣ#Manchu


ᡩᠠᠩᠰᡝ ᠪᠣᠣ

archive; place for storing earlier materials


ᡳᠨᡝᠩᡤᡳ ᡝᠵᡝᠪᡠᠨ

ᡳᠨᡝᠩᡤᡳ (inenggi, “day”) + ᡝᠵᡝᠪᡠᠨ (ejebun, “notes”)


ᠣᡵᠣᠰ

Borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠣᠷᠤᠰ (orus), from Middle Mongol 斡羅思 (orus), from Kipchak [script needed] (orus), from Old East Slavic Русь f (Rusĭ), from Proto-Finnic *roocci.


ᠣᡵᠣᠰ

→ Mandarin: 俄羅斯／俄罗斯 (Éluósī)

→ Japanese: 俄羅斯(オロス) (Orosu), 俄羅斯(オロシャ) (Orosha) (dated, rare)

→ Korean: 아라사(俄羅斯) (Arasa) (obsolete)

→ Vietnamese: Nga La Tư (俄羅斯) (obsolete)

Russia (A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


ᠰᡠᡩᡠᡵᡳ ᡝᠵᡝᠪᡠᠨ

ᠰᡠᡩᡠᡵᡳ (suduri, “history”) + ᡝᠵᡝᠪᡠᠨ (ejebun, “records”). Calque of Chinese 史記／史记 (Shǐjì).

com

Records of the Grand Historian (a Chinese history book written by Han dynasty scholar Sima Qian)


ᠰᡳᡴᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *sike.
Compare Proto-Turkic *sīk (“urine”).


ᡥᠠᠮᡠ

From Proto-Tungusic *xamū- (“to defecate”), compare Nanai амон (amon).


ᡥᡝᡥᡝ

ᠪᠣᠣᡳ
ᡩᠣᠯᠣ
ᡝᠮᡠ
ᡥᡝᡥᡝ
ᠵᡳᠩ
ᡥᡳᠶᠠᠩ
ᠰᡝᠮᡝ
ᡴᠠᡳᠴᠠᠮᡝ
ᡩᠠᠩᠰᡳᠮᡝ
ᠪᡳ᠉

1802, Yihing, 庸言知旨/An i gisun de amtan be sara bithe:

There is a woman shouting rebukes inside the house.

booi dolo emu hehe jing hiyang seme kaicame dangsime bi.


ᡳᠨᡝᠩᡤᡳ

From Proto-Tungusic *ineŋī; compare Bala 依能吉 (yinengji), Nanai ини (ini), Oroqen inəŋ.


ᡴᡝᠰᡳᡴᡝ

# Akin to Nanai кэксэ (kekse), Even кэркэ (kərkə), etc.
# Likely cognate to Nivkh кʼыск (kʼəsk).
# Further afield, perhaps cognate to Proto-Algonquian *ka·šake·nsa (“cat”) (c.f. Ojibwe gaazhagens).


kesike

ᡴᡝᠰᡳᡴᡝ ᡴᡝᠰᡳᡴᡝ#Manchu


šabi

ᡧᠠᠪᡳ ᡧᠠᠪᡳ#Manchu


ᠰᡝᡶᡠ

Borrowed from Chinese 師傅／师傅 (“teacher; master”).


adali

ᠠᡩᠠᠯᡳ ᠠᡩᠠᠯᡳ#Manchu


ᠠᡩᠠᠯᡳ

(used after the dative case or participle) like, as, seems as if


sefu

ᠰᡝᡶᡠ ᠰᡝᡶᡠ#Manchu


abkai jui

ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᠵᡠᡳ
ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᠵᡠᡳ#Manchu

ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᠵᡠᡳ
ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᠵᡠᡳ#Manchu


ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᠵᡠᡳ

ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ (abkai, “of heaven”) + ᠵᡠᡳ (jui, “child”). Calque of Chinese 天子 (tiānzǐ).


biyangga efen

ᠪᡳᠶᠠᠩᡤᠠ ᡝᡶᡝᠨ
ᠪᡳᠶᠠᠩᡤᠠ ᡝᡶᡝᠨ#Manchu

ᠪᡳᠶᠠᠩᡤᠠ ᡝᡶᡝᠨ
ᠪᡳᠶᠠᠩᡤᠠ ᡝᡶᡝᠨ#Manchu


yafahan cooha

ᠶᠠᡶᠠᡥᠠᠨ ᠴᠣᠣᡥᠠ
ᠶᠠᡶᠠᡥᠠᠨ ᠴᠣᠣᡥᠠ#Manchu

ᠶᠠᡶᠠᡥᠠᠨ ᠴᠣᠣᡥᠠ
ᠶᠠᡶᠠᡥᠠᠨ ᠴᠣᠣᡥᠠ#Manchu


ᡳᠴᡝ

ᡳᠴᡝᠮᠪᡳ ᡳᠴᡝᠮᠪᡳ#Manchu


nimeku

ᠨᡳᠮᡝᡴᡠ ᠨᡳᠮᡝᡴᡠ#Manchu


amihūn

ᠠᠮᡳᡥᡡᠨ ᠠᠮᡳᡥᡡᠨ#Manchu


ninggiya efen

ᠨᡳᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠ ᡝᡶᡝᠨ
ᠨᡳᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠ ᡝᡶᡝᠨ#Manchu

ᠨᡳᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠ ᡝᡶᡝᠨ
ᠨᡳᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠ ᡝᡶᡝᠨ#Manchu


ᠠᠮᡳᡥᡡᠨ

head

ᠠᠮᡳᡥᡡᠨ • (amihūn)


menggun

ᠮᡝᠩᡤᡠᠨ ᠮᡝᠩᡤᡠᠨ#Manchu


amaga enen

ᠠᠮᠠᡤᠠ ᡝᠨᡝᠨ
ᠠᠮᠠᡤᠠ ᡝᠨᡝᠨ#Manchu

ᠠᠮᠠᡤᠠ ᡝᠨᡝᠨ
ᠠᠮᠠᡤᠠ ᡝᠨᡝᠨ#Manchu


enenggi

ᡝᠨᡝᠩᡤᡳ ᡝᠨᡝᠩᡤᡳ#Manchu


cimari

ᠴᡳᠮᠠᡵᡳ ᠴᡳᠮᠠᡵᡳ#Manchu


ecimari

ᡝᠴᡳᠮᠠᡵᡳ ᡝᠴᡳᠮᠠᡵᡳ#Manchu


ᠴᠣᡵᠣ

ᠴᠣᡵᠣ
ᠮᡝᠨᡳ
ᠵᡠᠸᡝ
ᠨᠣᡶᡳ
ᡝᡵᡩᡝ
ᠵᡳᡶᡳ᠈
ᠠᡤᡝ
ᡩᡝ
ᠠᡳᠰᡳᠯᠠᠮᡝ
ᠪᠣᡳᡥᠣᠵᡳᠯᠠᡴᡳ᠉

1708, Lanling Xiaoxiao Sheng, translated by unknown, ᡤᡳᠨ
ᡦᡳᠩ
ᠮᡝᡳ
ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ [gin ping mei bithe, The Plum in the Golden Vase]:

We two will come here early the day after tomorrow, and help brother hold the event.


ᠴᡳᠮᠠᡵᡳ

From Proto-Tungusic *time (“morning”), compare Evenki тыматиэ (timatiə), Even тимана (timana).


ᡝᠴᡳᠮᠠᡵᡳ

ᡝᠴᡳᠮᠠᡵᡳ
ᠰᡳᠨᡳ
ᠠᡥᡡᠨ
ᡠᡨᡥᠠᡳ
ᠮᡳᠨᡩᡝ
ᡥᡝᠨᡩᡠᡥᡝᠪᡳ᠉ ― ecimari sini ahūn uthai minde henduhebi. ― Your brother already told me this morning.

ᡝᡵᡝ ᠴᡳᠮᠠᡵᡳ
ᡝᡵᡝ ᠴᡳᠮᠠᡵᡳ#Manchu

ᡝᡵᡝ ᠴᡳᠮᠠᡵᡳ
ᡝᡵᡝ ᠴᡳᠮᠠᡵᡳ#Manchu

Clipping of ᡝᡵᡝ
ᠴᡳᠮᠠᡵᡳ (ere cimari, “this morning”).


ere cimari

ᡝᡵᡝ ᠴᡳᠮᠠᡵᡳ
ᡝᡵᡝ ᠴᡳᠮᠠᡵᡳ#Manchu

ᡝᡵᡝ ᠴᡳᠮᠠᡵᡳ
ᡝᡵᡝ ᠴᡳᠮᠠᡵᡳ#Manchu


mucu

ᠮᡠᠴᡠ ᠮᡠᠴᡠ#Manchu


kuburhen

ᡴᡠᠪᡠᡵᡥᡝᠨ ᡴᡠᠪᡠᡵᡥᡝᠨ#Manchu


daicing

ᡩᠠᡳᠴᡳᠩ ᡩᠠᡳᠴᡳᠩ#Manchu


an nan

ᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠨ
ᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠨ#Manchu

ᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠨ
ᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠨ#Manchu


yafahan uksin

ᠶᠠᡶᠠᡥᠠᠨ ᡠᡴᠰᡳᠨ
ᠶᠠᡶᠠᡥᠠᠨ ᡠᡴᠰᡳᠨ#Manchu

ᠶᠠᡶᠠᡥᠠᠨ ᡠᡴᠰᡳᠨ
ᠶᠠᡶᠠᡥᠠᠨ ᡠᡴᠰᡳᠨ#Manchu


daiming

ᡩᠠᡳᡳᠮᡳᠩ ᡩᠠᡳᡳᠮᡳᠩ#Manchu


daiming gurun

ᡩᠠᡳᡳᠮᡳᠩ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ
ᡩᠠᡳᡳᠮᡳᠩ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ#Manchu

ᡩᠠᡳᡳᠮᡳᠩ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ
ᡩᠠᡳᡳᠮᡳᠩ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ#Manchu


ming gurun

ᠮᡳᠩ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ
ᠮᡳᠩ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ#Manchu

ᠮᡳᠩ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ
ᠮᡳᠩ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ#Manchu


ᡩᠠᡳᠴᡳᠩ

Perhaps from Mongolian ᠳᠠᠢᠢᠴᠢᠨ (daiičin, “warrior”). Alternatively, from Chinese 大清 (Dàqīng).


ᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠨ

(historical) Annam, the former name of Vietnam (a country in Asia)


senggi

ᠰᡝᠩᡤᡳ ᠰᡝᠩᡤᡳ#Manchu


ᠰᡝᠩᡤᡳ

From Proto-Tungusic *sēkse. Cognate with Evenki сэ̄ксэ (sə̄ksə) and Oroqen ʃə꞉kʃə.


fituhan

ᡶᡳᡨᡠᡥᠠᠨ ᡶᡳᡨᡠᡥᠠᠨ#Manchu


yuwei kin

ᠶᡠᠸᡝᡳ ᡴᡳᠨ
ᠶᡠᠸᡝᡳ ᡴᡳᠨ#Manchu

ᠶᡠᠸᡝᡳ ᡴᡳᠨ
ᠶᡠᠸᡝᡳ ᡴᡳᠨ#Manchu


ᠣᡴᡨᠣ

Cognate with Nanai окто (okto), Ulch окто.


gaha oton

ᡤᠠᡥᠠ ᠣᡨᠣᠨ
ᡤᠠᡥᠠ ᠣᡨᠣᠨ#Manchu

ᡤᠠᡥᠠ ᠣᡨᠣᠨ
ᡤᠠᡥᠠ ᠣᡨᠣᠨ#Manchu


šobin

ᡧᠣᠪᡳᠨ ᡧᠣᠪᡳᠨ#Manchu


de gurun

ᡩᡝ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ
ᡩᡝ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ#Manchu

ᡩᡝ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ
ᡩᡝ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ#Manchu


ᡧᠣᠪᡳᠨ

ᡧᠣᠪᡳᠨ • (šobin)

shaobing (baked, layered flatbread with or without sesame on top)


ᡩᡝ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ

From ᡩᡝ (de) + ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (gurun, “country”). Calque of Chinese 德國／德国 (Déguó).

Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany)


ᠶᠠᠰᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *ńiase, compare Evenki эса (əsa), Nanai насал (nasal).


ᠠᡵᡴᡳ

→ Nivkh: арак (arak)

From Proto-Tungusic *arakïï (“alcohol”). Compare Evenki аракӣ (arakī), Negidal ajaxïï, Ulch арақи̇ (araqï), Orok арақи̇ (araqï), Nanai арақи̇ (araqï). Also akin to Mongolian архи (arxi). Ultimate origin is from Arabic عَرَقْ (ʕaraq, “alcohol”).


šoho

ᡧᠣᡥᠣ ᡧᠣᡥᠣ#Manchu


baniha

ᠪᠠᠨᡳᡥᠠ ᠪᠠᠨᡳᡥᠠ#Manchu


ᡧᠣᡥᠣ

ᡧᠣᡥᠣ • (šoho)


yoho

ᠶᠣᡥᠣ ᠶᠣᡥᠣ#Manchu


be liyan tacihiyan

ᠪᡝ ᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᡨᠠᠴᡳᡥᡳᠶᠠᠨ
ᠪᡝ ᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᡨᠠᠴᡳᡥᡳᠶᠠᠨ#Manchu

Romanization of ᠪᡝ
ᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ
ᡨᠠᠴᡳᡥᡳᠶᠠᠨ

Romanization of ᠪᡝ
ᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ
ᡨᠠᠴᡳᡥᡳᠶᠠᠨ


lamai tacihiyan

ᠯᠠᠮᠠᡳ ᡨᠠᠴᡳᡥᡳᠶᠠᠨ
ᠯᠠᠮᠠᡳ ᡨᠠᠴᡳᡥᡳᠶᠠᠨ#Manchu

ᠯᠠᠮᠠᡳ ᡨᠠᠴᡳᡥᡳᠶᠠᠨ
ᠯᠠᠮᠠᡳ ᡨᠠᠴᡳᡥᡳᠶᠠᠨ#Manchu

Romanization of ᠯᠠᠮᠠᡳ
ᡨᠠᠴᡳᡥᡳᠶᠠᠨ


puseli

ᡦᡠᠰᡝᠯᡳ ᡦᡠᠰᡝᠯᡳ#Manchu


cai puseli

ᠴᠠᡳ ᡦᡠᠰᡝᠯᡳ
ᠴᠠᡳ ᡦᡠᠰᡝᠯᡳ#Manchu

ᠴᠠᡳ ᡦᡠᠰᡝᠯᡳ
ᠴᠠᡳ ᡦᡠᠰᡝᠯᡳ#Manchu


ᠯᠠᠮᠠᡳ ᡨᠠᠴᡳᡥᡳᠶᠠᠨ

ᠯᠠᠮᠠᡳ (lamai, “of lama”) + ᡨᠠᠴᡳᡥᡳᠶᠠᠨ (tacihiyan, “religion”); literally "The Religion of Lama".


ᠪᡝ ᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᡨᠠᠴᡳᡥᡳᠶᠠᠨ

head

ᠪᡝ
ᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ
ᡨᠠᠴᡳᡥᡳᠶᠠᠨ • (be liyan tacihiyan)

From Chinese 白蓮／白莲 (báilián) and ᡨᠠᠴᡳᡥᡳᠶᠠᠨ (tacihiyan, “religion; sect”).


lamun

ᠯᠠᠮᡠᠨ ᠯᠠᠮᡠᠨ#Manchu


ᠵᡳᡥᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *ǯiaka, compare Evenki дяка (ʒaka), Nanai диха (ʒiha).


jiha

ᠵᡳᡥᠠ ᠵᡳᡥᠠ#Manchu


niohe

ᠨᡳᠣᡥᡝ ᠨᡳᠣᡥᡝ#Manchu


ᠨᡳᠣᡥᡝ

Cognate with Evenki некэ (ņekə, “sable”).


ᡶᡠᠯᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *pula, compare Evenki хулама (hulama).

ᡶᡠᠯᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ:


tiyan jin

ᡨᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᡳᠨ
ᡨᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᡳᠨ#Manchu

ᡨᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᡳᠨ
ᡨᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᡳᠨ#Manchu


ᡨᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᡳᠨ

Tianjin (a direct-administered municipality and major city in northern China)


giyai

ᡤᡳᠶᠠᡳ ᡤᡳᠶᠠᡳ#Manchu


niyaman

ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠮᠠᠨ#Manchu


ceng du

ᠴᡝᠩ ᡩᡠ
ᠴᡝᠩ ᡩᡠ#Manchu

ᠴᡝᠩ ᡩᡠ
ᠴᡝᠩ ᡩᡠ#Manchu


ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠮᠠᠨ

Cannot be related to Evenki ме̄ван (mēwan) and other Tungusic forms reflecting Proto-Tungusic *miańam.
Compare the first syllable of Middle Korean 념통 (nyemthwong, “heart”) (whence Korean 염통 (yeomtong)).


ᠴᡝᠩ ᡩᡠ

Chengdu (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Sichuan, in southwestern China)


uyan buda

ᡠᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᡠᡩᠠ
ᡠᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᡠᡩᠠ#Manchu

ᡠᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᡠᡩᠠ
ᡠᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᡠᡩᠠ#Manchu


ᡠᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᡠᡩᠠ

ᡠᠶᠠᠨ (uyan, “dilute”) + ᠪᡠᡩᠠ (buda, “rice”)

com

congee; a type of thick rice porridge or soup


larhūn

ᠯᠠᡵᡥᡡᠨ ᠯᠠᡵᡥᡡᠨ#Manchu


ᠯᠠᡵᡥᡡᠨ

head

ᠯᠠᡵᡥᡡᠨ • (larhūn)


ᡶᡠᠯᠠᡥᡡᠨ

ᡶᡠᠯᠠᡥᡡᠨ • (fulahūn)

From Proto-Tungusic *pula, compare Manchu ᡶᡠᠯᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ (fulgiyan).


ᡶᡠᠯᠠᡥᡡᠨ

ᡶᡠᠯᠠᡥᡡᠨ • (fulahūn)


ᡶᡠᠯᠠᡥᡡᠨ

ᡶᡠᠯᠠᡥᡡᠨ • (fulahūn)


gungju

ᡤᡠᠩᠵᡠ ᡤᡠᠩᠵᡠ#Manchu


ᡤᡠᠩᠵᡠ

princess (daughter of the emperor or king)


hūšaju

ᡥᡡᡧᠠᠵᡠ ᡥᡡᡧᠠᠵᡠ#Manchu


ᡥᡡᡧᠠᠵᡠ

ᡥᡡᡧᠠᠵᡠ • (hūšaju)


niyehe

ᠨᡳᠶᡝᡥᡝ ᠨᡳᠶᡝᡥᡝ#Manchu


ᠨᡳᠶᡝᡥᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *nīkǖ, compare Evenki ники (ņiki), Even нэкичэн (nəkicən), Nanai ниэчэн (niečen).


lio kio

ᠯᡳᠣ ᡴᡳᠣ
ᠯᡳᠣ ᡴᡳᠣ#Manchu

ᠯᡳᠣ ᡴᡳᠣ
ᠯᡳᠣ ᡴᡳᠣ#Manchu


liokio

ᠯᡳᠣᡴᡳᠣ ᠯᡳᠣᡴᡳᠣ#Manchu


ᠯᡳᠣᡴᡳᠣ

ᠯᡳᠣ ᡴᡳᠣ
ᠯᡳᠣ ᡴᡳᠣ#Manchu

ᠯᡳᠣ ᡴᡳᠣ
ᠯᡳᠣ ᡴᡳᠣ#Manchu

Alternative form of ᠯᡳᠣ
ᡴᡳᠣ (lio kio, “Ryukyu”)


lio kiyeo

ᠯᡳᠣ ᡴᡳᠶᡝᠣ
ᠯᡳᠣ ᡴᡳᠶᡝᠣ#Manchu

ᠯᡳᠣ ᡴᡳᠶᡝᠣ
ᠯᡳᠣ ᡴᡳᠶᡝᠣ#Manchu


ᠯᡳᠣ ᡴᡳᠶᡝᠣ

ᠯᡳᠣ ᡴᡳᠣ
ᠯᡳᠣ ᡴᡳᠣ#Manchu

ᠯᡳᠣ ᡴᡳᠣ
ᠯᡳᠣ ᡴᡳᠣ#Manchu


ᠯᡳᠣ ᡴᡳᠣ

(historical) A kingdom in the Ryukyu Islands from 1429 to 1879.


suwanda

ᠰᡠᠸᠠᠨᡩᠠ ᠰᡠᠸᠠᠨᡩᠠ#Manchu


golmin ula

ᡤᠣᠯᠮᡳᠨ ᡠᠯᠠ
ᡤᠣᠯᠮᡳᠨ ᡠᠯᠠ#Manchu

ᡤᠣᠯᠮᡳᠨ ᡠᠯᠠ
ᡤᠣᠯᠮᡳᠨ ᡠᠯᠠ#Manchu


hūwang ho bira

ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩ ᡥᠣ ᠪᡳᡵᠠ
ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩ ᡥᠣ ᠪᡳᡵᠠ#Manchu

ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩ ᡥᠣ ᠪᡳᡵᠠ
ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩ ᡥᠣ ᠪᡳᡵᠠ#Manchu

ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩ ᡥᠣ ᠪᡳᡵᠠ
ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩ ᡥᠣ ᠪᡳᡵᠠ#Manchu


lio kio gurun

ᠯᡳᠣ ᡴᡳᠣ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ
ᠯᡳᠣ ᡴᡳᠣ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ#Manchu

ᠯᡳᠣ ᡴᡳᠣ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ
ᠯᡳᠣ ᡴᡳᠣ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ#Manchu

ᠯᡳᠣ ᡴᡳᠣ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ
ᠯᡳᠣ ᡴᡳᠣ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ#Manchu


furgisu

ᡶᡠᡵᡤᡳᠰᡠ ᡶᡠᡵᡤᡳᠰᡠ#Manchu


ᠯᡳᠣ ᡴᡳᠣ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ

(historical) Ryukyu, a kingdom in the Ryukyu Islands from 1429 to 1879.


ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩ ᡥᠣ ᠪᡳᡵᠠ

ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩ
ᡥᠣ
ᠪᡳᡵᠠ • (hūwang ho bira)

From Chinese 黃河／黄河 (Huáng Hé) and ᠪᡳᡵᠠ (bira, “river”).

Huang He; Yellow River (a river in northern China)


ᡤᠣᠯᠮᡳᠨ ᡠᠯᠠ

ᡤᠣᠯᠮᡳᠨ (golmin, “long”) + ᡠᠯᠠ (ula, “river”). Calque of Chinese 長江／长江 (Cháng Jiāng, “Yangtze”, literally “long river”).

cal

Yangtze; Chang Jiang (the longest river in China)


nimenggi

ᠨᡳᠮᡝᠩᡤᡳ ᠨᡳᠮᡝᠩᡤᡳ#Manchu


ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠩᡤᡡ

head

ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠩᡤᡡ • (malanggū)


malanggū

ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠩᡤᡡ ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠩᡤᡡ#Manchu


sahaliyan malanggū

ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠩᡤᡡ
ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠩᡤᡡ#Manchu

Romanization of ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ
ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠩᡤᡡ


ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠩᡤᡡ

ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ
ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠩᡤᡡ • (sahaliyan malanggū)


sahaliyan malanggv

sahaliyan malanggū
sahaliyan malanggū#Manchu

Alternative spelling of sahaliyan malanggū


jeku

ᠵᡝᡴᡠ ᠵᡝᡴᡠ#Manchu


malanggv nimenggi

malanggū nimenggi
malanggū nimenggi#Manchu

Alternative spelling of malanggū nimenggi


malanggū nimenggi

ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠩᡤᡡ ᠨᡳᠮᡝᠩᡤᡳ
ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠩᡤᡡ ᠨᡳᠮᡝᠩᡤᡳ#Manchu

ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠩᡤᡡ ᠨᡳᠮᡝᠩᡤᡳ
ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠩᡤᡡ ᠨᡳᠮᡝᠩᡤᡳ#Manchu

Romanization of ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠩᡤᡡ
ᠨᡳᠮᡝᠩᡤᡳ


malanggū misun

ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠩᡤᡡ ᠮᡳᠰᡠᠨ
ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠩᡤᡡ ᠮᡳᠰᡠᠨ#Manchu

ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠩᡤᡡ ᠮᡳᠰᡠᠨ
ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠩᡤᡡ ᠮᡳᠰᡠᠨ#Manchu


ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠩᡤᡡ ᠮᡳᠰᡠᠨ

ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠩᡤᡡ
ᠮᡳᠰᡠᠨ • (malanggū misun)


sunja hacin i jeku

ᠰᡠᠨᠵᠠ ᡥᠠᠴᡳᠨ ᡳ ᠵᡝᡴᡠ
ᠰᡠᠨᠵᠠ ᡥᠠᠴᡳᠨ ᡳ ᠵᡝᡴᡠ#Manchu

Romanization of ᠰᡠᠨᠵᠠ
ᡥᠠᠴᡳᠨ ᡳ
ᠵᡝᡴᡠ

Romanization of ᠰᡠᠨᠵᠠ
ᡥᠠᠴᡳᠨ ᡳ
ᠵᡝᡴᡠ


bodokū

ᠪᠣᡩᠣᡴᡡ ᠪᠣᡩᠣᡴᡡ#Manchu


talkiyan

ᡨᠠᠯᡴᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᡨᠠᠯᡴᡳᠶᠠᠨ#Manchu


ᠪᠣᡩᠣᡴᡡ

ᠪᠣᡩᠣᡴᡡ • (bodokū)


biyangga inenggi

ᠪᡳᠶᠠᠩᡤᠠ ᡳᠨᡝᠩᡤᡳ
ᠪᡳᠶᠠᠩᡤᠠ ᡳᠨᡝᠩᡤᡳ#Manchu

ᠪᡳᠶᠠᠩᡤᠠ ᡳᠨᡝᠩᡤᡳ
ᠪᡳᠶᠠᠩᡤᠠ ᡳᠨᡝᠩᡤᡳ#Manchu


jakūn biyai tofohon

ᠵᠠᡴᡡᠨ ᠪᡳᠶᠠᡳ ᡨᠣᡶᠣᡥᠣᠨ
ᠵᠠᡴᡡᠨ ᠪᡳᠶᠠᡳ ᡨᠣᡶᠣᡥᠣᠨ#Manchu

Romanization of ᠵᠠᡴᡡᠨ
ᠪᡳᠶᠠᡳ
ᡨᠣᡶᠣᡥᠣᠨ

Romanization of ᠵᠠᡴᡡᠨ
ᠪᡳᠶᠠᡳ
ᡨᠣᡶᠣᡥᠣᠨ


jakvn biyai tofohon

jakūn biyai tofohon
jakūn biyai tofohon#Manchu

Alternative spelling of jakūn biyai tofohon


ᠵᠠᡴᡡᠨ ᠪᡳᠶᠠᡳ ᡨᠣᡶᠣᡥᠣᠨ

ᠵᠠᡴᡡᠨ
ᠪᡳᠶᠠᡳ
ᡨᠣᡶᠣᡥᠣᠨ • (jakūn biyai tofohon)

(literally) 15th day of the 8th month (in any calendar)

en-ᠵᠠᡴᡡᠨ_ᠪᡳᠶᠠᡳ_ᡨᠣᡶᠣᡥᠣᠨ-mnc-noun-ssjuDxfo

en-ᠵᠠᡴᡡᠨ_ᠪᡳᠶᠠᡳ_ᡨᠣᡶᠣᡥᠣᠨ-mnc-noun-ltfxpmd6


duin bilten

ᡩᡠᡳᠨ ᠪᡳᠯᡨᡝᠨ
ᡩᡠᡳᠨ ᠪᡳᠯᡨᡝᠨ#Manchu

ᡩᡠᡳᠨ ᠪᡳᠯᡨᡝᠨ
ᡩᡠᡳᠨ ᠪᡳᠯᡨᡝᠨ#Manchu


jilan muke

ᠵᡳᠯᠠᠨ ᠮᡠᡴᡝ
ᠵᡳᠯᠠᠨ ᠮᡠᡴᡝ#Manchu

ᠵᡳᠯᠠᠨ ᠮᡠᡴᡝ
ᠵᡳᠯᠠᠨ ᠮᡠᡴᡝ#Manchu


hūwai ho bira

ᡥᡡᠸᠠᡳ ᡥᠣ ᠪᡳᡵᠠ
ᡥᡡᠸᠠᡳ ᡥᠣ ᠪᡳᡵᠠ#Manchu

ᡥᡡᠸᠠᡳ ᡥᠣ ᠪᡳᡵᠠ
ᡥᡡᠸᠠᡳ ᡥᠣ ᠪᡳᡵᠠ#Manchu

ᡥᡡᠸᠠᡳ ᡥᠣ ᠪᡳᡵᠠ
ᡥᡡᠸᠠᡳ ᡥᠣ ᠪᡳᡵᠠ#Manchu


ᡥᡡᠸᠠᡳ ᡥᠣ ᠪᡳᡵᠠ

ᡥᡡᠸᠠᡳ
ᡥᠣ
ᠪᡳᡵᠠ • (hūwai ho bira)


buhū

ᠪᡠᡥᡡ ᠪᡠᡥᡡ#Manchu


uyan lala

ᡠᠶᠠᠨ ᠯᠠᠯᠠ
ᡠᠶᠠᠨ ᠯᠠᠯᠠ#Manchu

ᡠᠶᠠᠨ ᠯᠠᠯᠠ
ᡠᠶᠠᠨ ᠯᠠᠯᠠ#Manchu


gisun

ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ#Manchu


ᠪᡠᡥᡡ

ᠪᡠᡥᡡ • (buhū)

Compare Mongolian ᠪᠣᠭᠣ (boɣo) / буга (buga, “deer”).


ᠪᠣᠣᡳ ᠪᡠᡥᡡ

ᠪᠣᠣᡳ
ᠪᡠᡥᡡ • (booi buhū)

ᠪᠣᠣᡳ (booi, “of the house”) + ᠪᡠᡥᡡ (buhū, “deer”), literally “the house deer”.


ᡩᡠᡳᠨ ᠪᡳᠯᡨᡝᠨ

the Yangtze, Yellow River, Huai River and Ji River


ama eme

ᠠᠮᠠ ᡝᠮᡝ
ᠠᠮᠠ ᡝᠮᡝ#Manchu

ᠠᠮᠠ ᡝᠮᡝ
ᠠᠮᠠ ᡝᠮᡝ#Manchu


aja jeje

ᠠᠵᠠ ᠵᡝᠵᡝ
ᠠᠵᠠ ᠵᡝᠵᡝ#Manchu

ᠠᠵᠠ ᠵᡝᠵᡝ
ᠠᠵᠠ ᠵᡝᠵᡝ#Manchu


manju gisun

ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ
ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ#Manchu

ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ
ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ#Manchu


mafa gurun

ᠮᠠᡶᠠ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ
ᠮᠠᡶᠠ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ#Manchu

ᠮᠠᡶᠠ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ
ᠮᠠᡶᠠ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ#Manchu


pi jio

ᡦᡳ ᠵᡳᠣ
ᡦᡳ ᠵᡳᠣ#Manchu

ᡦᡳ ᠵᡳᠣ
ᡦᡳ ᠵᡳᠣ#Manchu


boo nimaha

ᠪᠣᠣ ᠨᡳᠮᠠᡥᠠ
ᠪᠣᠣ ᠨᡳᠮᠠᡥᠠ#Manchu

ᠪᠣᠣ ᠨᡳᠮᠠᡥᠠ
ᠪᠣᠣ ᠨᡳᠮᠠᡥᠠ#Manchu


ᠮᠠᡶᠠ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ

ᠮᠠᡶᠠ (mafa, “ancestor”) + ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (gurun, “country”)


ᠪᠣᠣ ᠨᡳᠮᠠᡥᠠ

ᠪᠣᠣ (boo, “house”) + ᠨᡳᠮᠠᡥᠠ (nimaha, “fish”).


booi buhū

ᠪᠣᠣᡳ ᠪᡠᡥᡡ
ᠪᠣᠣᡳ ᠪᡠᡥᡡ#Manchu

ᠪᠣᠣᡳ ᠪᡠᡥᡡ
ᠪᠣᠣᡳ ᠪᡠᡥᡡ#Manchu


uyungge inenggi

ᡠᠶᡠᠩᡤᡝ ᡳᠨᡝᠩᡤᡳ
ᡠᠶᡠᠩᡤᡝ ᡳᠨᡝᠩᡤᡳ#Manchu

ᡠᠶᡠᠩᡤᡝ ᡳᠨᡝᠩᡤᡳ
ᡠᠶᡠᠩᡤᡝ ᡳᠨᡝᠩᡤᡳ#Manchu


ᡠᠶᡠᠩᡤᡝ ᡳᠨᡝᠩᡤᡳ

Double Ninth Festival
Double Ninth Festival

Double Ninth Festival, a traditional Chinese holiday


mase muyari

ᠮᠠᠰᡝ ᠮᡠᠶᠠᡵᡳ
ᠮᠠᠰᡝ ᠮᡠᠶᠠᡵᡳ#Manchu

ᠮᠠᠰᡝ ᠮᡠᠶᠠᡵᡳ
ᠮᠠᠰᡝ ᠮᡠᠶᠠᡵᡳ#Manchu


ᠮᠠᠰᡝ ᠮᡠᠶᠠᡵᡳ

ᠮᠠᠰᡝ (mase, “pockmark”) + ᠮᡠᠶᠠᡵᡳ (muyari, “longan”), literally “longan with pockmark”.

Litchi chinensis
Litchi chinensis#Translingual


muyari

ᠮᡠᠶᠠᡵᡳ ᠮᡠᠶᠠᡵᡳ#Manchu


hibsu

ᡥᡳᠪᠰᡠ ᡥᡳᠪᠰᡠ#Manchu


ᡥᡳᠪᠰᡠ

honey (sweet fluid produced from plant nectar by bees)


hibsu ejen

ᡥᡳᠪᠰᡠ ᡝᠵᡝᠨ
ᡥᡳᠪᠰᡠ ᡝᠵᡝᠨ#Manchu

ᡥᡳᠪᠰᡠ ᡝᠵᡝᠨ
ᡥᡳᠪᠰᡠ ᡝᠵᡝᠨ#Manchu


ᡝᠵᡝᠨ

# Akin to Mongolian эзэн (ezen). Compare also Nanai эден (eʒen).
# See also Proto-Tungusic *eǯe, compare Evenki эды (ədi, “husband”).


ᡥᡳᠪᠰᡠ ᡝᠵᡝᠨ

ᡥᡳᠪᠰᡠ (hibsu, “honey”) + ᡝᠵᡝᠨ (ejen, “master”), literally “the master of honey”.


ejen

ᡝᠵᡝᠨ ᡝᠵᡝᠨ#Manchu


niongniyaha

ᠨᡳᠣᠩᠨᡳᠶᠠᡥᠠ ᠨᡳᠣᠩᠨᡳᠶᠠᡥᠠ#Manchu


ᠨᡳᠣᠩᠨᡳᠶᠠᡥᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *ńuŋńakī, compare Evenki нюӈняки (ņuŋņaki).


ᡳᡵᡤᡝᠨ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ

ᡳᡵᡤᡝᠨ (irgen, “common people”) + ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (gurun, “country; state”). Calque of Chinese 民國／民国 (mínguó).


ᠠᡳᠰᡳᠨ ᡤᡳᠣᡵᠣ

→ Chinese: 愛新覺羅／爱新觉罗 (Àixīnjuéluó)

From ᠠᡳᠰᡳᠨ (aisin, “gold”) + ᡤᡳᠣᡵᠣ (gioro).

(historical) Aisin Gioro; the Manchu family which established and ruled China's Qing dynasty.


ᠮᠣᠣ

From Proto-Tungusic *mō, compare Evenki мо (mo).


ᡴᠠᡨᡠᡵᡳ

Compare Korean 게 (ge), Japanese 蟹 (kani).


ᠰᠣᡤᡳ

From Jurchen [script needed] (*sogi), from Proto-Tungusic *solgi, cognate to Oroch соггиха (soggixa).
Korean 푸성귀 (puseonggwi), Jeju 송키 (songki) are borrowings from Jurchen into Korean.


ᠪᠣᠰᠣ

→ Nanai: босо (boso)

→ Nivkh: пос (pos, “tissue, cotton”)

Borrowed from Mongolian бөс (bös), from Middle Mongol ᠪᠥᠰ (bös), from a Turkic language. The ultimate origin is Arabic بَزّ (bazz). Compare also other cognates in Tungusic, such as Jurchen 博素 (paw-su /bosu/), 卜素 (pu-su /busu/), Negidal [script needed] (bosụ), Orok бусу (busu) and Ulch büsü.


ᠪᠣᠰᠣ

ᠠᠨᡨᡠ

antonym(s) of “north slope of a mountain”


ᠵᠣᠣ

all right (used to express exasperation or frustration)


ᡠᠯᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *uligan, compare Nanai олгиан (olgian), Orok орге (orge), Oroqen ʊlgɛn.


ᠮᡠᡩᡠᡵᡳ

From Proto-Tungusic *muduri, compare Nanai мудур (mudur).


ᡤᡡᠯᠮᠠᡥᡡᠨ

head

ᡤᡡᠯᠮᠠᡥᡡᠨ • (gūlmahūn)


ᠯᡝᡶᡠ

→ Korean: 너페 (neope)


ᠠᡵᠰᠠᠯᠠᠨ

# From a Mongolic language, compare Mongolian арслан (arslan).
# The Mongolic term derives from Turkic *arsïlan, compare Turkish aslan.


ᠴᠣᡴᠣ

From Proto-Tungusic *tiaku (“hen”), in turn from Proto-Turkic *tiakïgu (“hen, fowl”)


ᡳᡥᠠᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *ïkan (“bull”). Cognate with Nanai ихан (ihan), Negidal ихан (ïxan), Oroch иха (ixa).

ᡳᡥᠠᠨ
ᠠᡩᡠᠨ ― ihan adun ― herd of cattle

bovine, e.g. cow, bull, ox, buffalo, bison, yak

ᡳᡥᠠᠨ
ᡝᡵᡳᠨ ― ihan erin ― 1:00 a.m. to 3:00 a.m

(astrology) second earthly branch: ox in the Chinese zodiac, 12th solar month


ᠰᠣᠯᡥᠣ

From Jurchen solgor (“Goryeo”) (also borrowed as Mongolian Солго (Solgo, “Korea”)). Compare Middle Mongol 莎郎合思 (Солонгос, “Goryeo”) (whence Mongolian ᠰᠣᠯᠤᠩᠭᠤᠰ (solungɣus) / Солонгос (Solongos, “Korea”)), Old Turkic 𐰲𐰇𐰞𐰍𐰞 (čölgl, “Silla”), Chinese 新羅 (MC sin la, “Silla”), Japanese 新羅(しらき) (shiraki, “Silla”).


ᠣᡶᠣᡵᠣ

From Proto-Tungusic *opore, compare Nanai опоро (oporo).


ᠠᠩᡤᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *amŋa. Cognate with Evenki амӈа (amŋa), Nanai ангма (aŋma).


ᠸᡝᡳᡥᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *xǖkte. Cognate with Evenki ӣктэ (īktə).


ᡳᠯᡝᠩᡤᡠ

From Proto-Tungusic *xilŋü. Cognate with Evenki инни (inņi), Nanai сиӈму (siŋmu).


ᡧᠠᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *sian, compare Evenki се̄н (sēn) and Nanai сиан (sian).

ᡧᠠᠨ ᡳ
ᡩᠠ ― šan-i da ― root of the ear

ᡧᠠᠨ ᡳ
ᠰᡠᡳᡥᡝ ― šan-i suihe ― earlobe

flash pan (a small receptacle for priming powder, found next to the touch hole on muzzle-loading guns)


ᡤᠠᠯᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *ŋāla. Cognate with Evenki ӈалэ (ŋalə), Even ӈа̄л (ŋāl), Nanai нгала (ŋala).


ᠠᡥᡡᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *akin, compare Evenki акин (akin), Even акан (akan), Nanai ага (aga).

a respectful term used to address someone who is older but in the same generation as the speaker


ᠠᡥᡡᠨ

ᠠᡥᡡᠨ • (ahūn)

ᡯᠶ
ᠯᡠᠩ
ᠵᠣᠣᡶᠠᠨ
ᠴᡳ
ᡩᡠᡳᠨ
ᠪᡳᠶᠠ
ᠠᡥᡡᠨ᠉

1650, Luo Guanzhong, translated by Kicungge, Fan Wencheng, and Garin et al., ᡳᠯᠠᠨ
ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᡳ
ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ [ilan gurun-i bithe, Romance of the Three Kingdoms]:

Zilong is four months older than Zhao Fan.


ᠪᡝᡨᡥᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *begde, compare Even бөдэл (ʙödəl), Nanai бэгди (begʒi).

cog

Even бөдэл (ʙödəl)


ᠠᠪᡩᠠᡥᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *xabdansa, compare Evenki авданна (awdanna).


ᠣᠮᠣᠯᠣ

From Proto-Tungusic *ome, compare Evenki омолги (omolgi).


ᠣᠴᡳ

ᡝᡵᡝ
ᡥᠠᡥᠠ
ᠣᠴᡳ
ᠮᡳᠨᡳ
ᠠᠮᠠ᠉
ere haha oci mini ama.
This man is my father.


ᠣᠴᡳ

conjunction used to indicate a condition; used at the end of the protasis


ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *ńārabī, from *ńārī; compare Bala 纳莫 (namo), Kyakala 纳莫 (namo), Even няри (ņari), Nanai най (nai).


ᡤᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *gara, cognate with Evenki гара (gara), Even гар (gar), Nanai гара (gara) etc.


ᡝᡵᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *əri; compare Bala 俄勒 (ele) and Evenki эр (ər).

ᡝᡵᡝ
ᡥᠠᡥᠠ
ᠣᠴᡳ
ᠮᡳᠨᡳ
ᠠᠮᠠ᠉ ― ere haha oci mini ama. ― This man is my father.

ᡝᡵᡝ
ᠣᠴᡳ
ᠮᡳᠨᡳ
ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ᠉ ― ere oci mini bithe. ― This is my book.


ᡝᡵᡝ

ᡝᡵᡝᠮᠪᡳ ᡝᡵᡝᠮᠪᡳ#Manchu


ᠠᠮᠪᠠ

ᠠᠮᠪᠠ
ᠶᡝᠯᡠ ― amba yelu ― large male wild boar

The Art of War
ᠰᡠᠨ
ᡯᠶ
ᡥᡝᠨᡩᡠᠮᡝ᠈
ᠴᠣᠣᡥᠠ
ᠰᡝᡵᡝᠩᡤᡝ᠈
ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᡳ
ᠠᠮᠪᠠ
ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠ᠉
sun dzy hendume, cooha serengge, gurun-i amba baita.

Sun Tzu said: "Military is an important matter of the State."

ᠠᠮᠪᠠ
ᠠᡥᡡᠨ ― amba ahūn ― eldest brother

ᠠᠮᠪᠠ
ᠵᡠᡳ ― amba jui ― eldest son


ᡝᡳᡥᡝᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *eyiken, compare Nanai эйхэ (ejhe).


ᠵᡠᠸᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᡴᡡᠨ

head

ᠵᡠᠸᠠᠨ
ᠵᠠᡴᡡᠨ • (juwan jakūn)


ᠠᡴᡡ

From Proto-Tungusic * ā-, compare Evenki ачин (açin), Even ач (ac), Nanai ана (ana).

ᡝᡵᡝ
ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ
ᠰᠠᡳᠨ
ᠠᡴᡡ᠉ ― ere niyalma sain akū. ― This man is not good.

清文啟蒙
ᠸᡝ
ᠶᠠ
ᡩᡝ
ᡝᠮᡠ
ᡥᡝᡧᡠ
ᡥᠠᡧᡠ
ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠ
ᠠᡴᡡ
ᠨᡳ᠉
we ya de emu hešu hašu baita akū ni.

Is there anybody who has no trifling duties?

not; there is not; there are not; does not have; do not have


ᠵᡠᠸᠠᠨ ᠵᡠᠸᡝ

ᠵᡠᠸᠠᠨ (juwan, “ten”) + ᠵᡠᠸᡝ (juwe, “two”)


ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ ᠵᡠᡳ

Compound of ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ (sargan, “wife”) + ᠵᡠᡳ (jui, “child”), probably a calque of Chinese 女子 (nǚzǐ) or Chinese 女兒／女儿 (nǚ'ér).

ᠠᠮᠠᠯᠠ
ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ
ᡤᠠᡳᡶᡳ
ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ
ᠵᡠᡳ
ᠸᠠᡴᠠ
ᠰᡝᠮᡝ
ᡥᠣᡴᠣᡶᡳ᠈
ᡩᠠᠨᠴᠠᠨ
ᡩᡝ
ᡠᠩᡤᡳᡥᡝᠪᡳ᠉

Later on, she was married to a certain man. Then she was repudiated and sent back to her parents' home, because people said she is not a virgin.


ᡤᡳᡵᠠᠩᡤᡳ

From Proto-Tungusic *giramsa, compare Evenki гирамна (giramna), Oroqen gɪramna.


ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *mońŋe, compare Evenki моңон, Nanai монгон (moŋon).
Perhaps can be comparable to Proto-Turkic *bōyn (“neck”), whence Turkish boyun.


ᡨᡝᡵᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *tari; compare Bala 特勒 (tele), Evenki тар (tar), Even тарак (tarak), Nanai тэй (tej).

ᡨᡝᡵᡝ
ᡥᡝᡥᡝ
ᠣᠴᡳ
ᠮᡳᠨᡳ
ᡝᠮᡝ᠉ ― tere hehe oci mini eme. ― That woman is my mother.


ᡨᡝᡵᡝ

ᡨᡝᠮᠪᡳ ᡨᡝᠮᠪᡳ#Manchu

ᡨᡝᠮᠪᡳ ᡨᡝᠮᠪᡳ#Manchu


ᠪᠣᠨᡳᠣ

Cognate with Manchu ᠮᠣᠨᡳᠣ (monio, “monkey”).

ᠪᠣᠨᡳᠣ
ᡝᡵᡳᠨ ― bonio erin ― 3:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m

(astrology) ninth earthly branch: monkey of the Chinese zodiac, 7th month of the Chinese calendar


ᡤᠠᠯᠮᠠᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *ŋalman, compare Nanai гармакта (garmakta).


ᡤᡝᡶᡝᡥᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *gepe-kte. Cognate with Udihe гэптэ (gəptə).


ᠰᡠᡴᡡ

head

ᠰᡠᡴᡡ • (sukū)


ᡤᡳᠶᠠᡥᡡᠨ

ᡤᡳᠶᠠᡥᡡᠨ • (giyahūn)

From Proto-Tungusic *giakin, compare Even гякан (gẹkan), Nanai гихон (gihon).


ᠨᠠᠮᡠ

From Proto-Tungusic *laamu. Cognate with Evenki ламу (lamu), Even ла̄му (lāmu), Nanai намо (namo).


ᡠᡶᡠᡥᡠ

Perhaps related to Proto-Turkic *öpke (“lung”).


ᠰᡳᠩᡤᡝᡵᡳ

→ Korean: 송쿠 (songku)

From Proto-Tungusic *siŋere, ultimately from Proto-Uralic *šiŋere, compare Evenki сиңэрэкэн, Nanai сиӈэрэ (siŋere).

cog

Evenki сиңэрэкэн


ᡩᡝᡵᡥᡠᠸᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *dile, compare Even диликан (ʒilikan), Nanai дилуэктэ (žiluekte).


ᡩᡝᠯᡳᡥᡠᠨ

From Proto-Mongolic *delixün, compare Mongolian дэлүү (delüü).


ᠪᠣᠰᡥᠣ

From Proto-Tungusic *bosakta, compare Evenki босокто (bosokto).


ᡶᠠᡥᡡᠨ

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ᡶᠠᡥᡡᠨ • (fahūn)

From Proto-Tungusic *pake, compare Evenki хакин (hakin).
Akin to Proto-Turkic *biagïr (“liver”).


ᠰᡳᠯᡥᡳ

# From Proto-Tungusic *sīlse, compare Nanai силтэ (silte).
# Maybe the Tungusic term is related to Korean 쓸개 (sseulgae).


ᡧᡝᠩᡤᡳᠨ

ᡧᡝᠩᡤᡳᠨ • (šenggin)


ᠮᡳᠨᡳ

Genitive case of ᠪᡳ (bi). Cognate with Evenki минни (minņi).
Often compared to Mongolian миний (minii), Old Turkic 𐰢𐰤𐰭 (mn²ŋ, “my”), 𐰋𐰤𐰭 (b²n²ŋ, “my”).

(first-person singular, genitive case) my


ᡶᡝᡥᡳ

# From Proto-Tungusic *pēyke.
# The Tungusic term might be akin to Proto-Mongolic *hekin (“brain, head, beginning”), compare Mongolian эх (ex, “beginning”), and also akin to Proto-Turkic *beyŋi (“brain”), compare Turkish beyin.


ᡩᠠᠪᠴᡳᡴᡡ

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ᡩᠠᠪᠴᡳᡴᡡ • (dabcikū)


ᡨᡝᡳᡧᡠᠨ

ᡨᡝᡳᡧᡠᠨ • (teišun)


ᠰᡝᠨᠴᡝᡥᡝ

[sən.t͡ʃʰə.χə]


ᡨᠣᡥᠣᠯᠣᠨ

From Proto-Mongolic, compare Mongolian тугалга (tugalga).


ᡬᠠᠨ

Borrowed from Mandarin 鋼／钢 (gāng, “steel”).


ᡤᡠᠶᡝ

a piece of iron at the end of a sword's handle


ᡝᠪᠴᡳ

From Proto-Tungusic *xebte, compare Nanai хэучилэ (heučile).


ᡳᡴᡡᡵᠰᡠᠨ

ᡳᡴᡡᡵᠰᡠᠨ • (ikūrsun)


ᠰᡝᠯᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *sele, compare Evenki сэлэ (sələ), Nanai сэлэ (sele).


ᡨᠣᡥᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠮᡠᡴᡝ

ᡨᠣᡥᠣᠯᠣᠨ (toholon, “tin”) + ᠮᡠᡴᡝ (muke, “water”).


ᡠᠨᠴᡝᡥᡝᠨ

From *ucege < *urcege, from Proto-Tungusic *xürgü. Cognate with Evenki ирги (irgi).


ᡠᠮᡥᠠᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *ume-kan, from *ume (“nest”). Compare Evenki умукта (umukta).


ᡥᡝᡶᡝᠯᡳ

# From Proto-Tungusic *kebel, from Jurchen [script needed] (*hefuli).
# Ultimately from a Mongolic language, compare Mongolian хэвэл (xevel). Cognates are widespread in Inner Asia, being also found in the Northern Tungusic languages of Siberia and in Ket. Pyongan Korean 허북 (heobuk, “belly”), Korean 허벅지 (heobeokji, “thigh”) are most likely borrowed from Tungusic.


ᡩᡝᡵᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *dēre, compare Evenki дэрэ (dərə).


ᡶᡝᠮᡝᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *pemun. Cognate with Evenki хэмун (həmun) and Nanai пэмун (pəmun) etc.


ᡨᡠᠸᠠ

# From Proto-Tungusic *toga, compare Evenki того (togo), Nanai тава (tawa).
# Perhaps related to Proto-Mongolic *togaxan, Mongolian тогоо (togoo, “cauldron”).


ᡨᡠᠸᠠ

ᡨᡠᠸᠠᠮᠪᡳ ᡨᡠᠸᠠᠮᠪᡳ#Manchu


ᡥᡳᡨᠠᡥᡡᠨ

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ᡥᡳᡨᠠᡥᡡᠨ • (hitahūn)


ᠰᠠᠪᡴᠠ

Mongolian: савх (savx)

→ Nivkh: чафӄ (ț’afq)

→ Ainu: サㇵカ (sahka)

Inherited from Proto-Tungusic *sarpukī (“chopstick”).


ᠪᡳᠯᡥᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *bilga, compare Even билга (ʙilga).

(figurative) strategically important place


ᡝᠴᡳᡴᡝ

paternal uncle (father's younger brother)


ᡝᠨᡳᠶᡝ

zh-l

額娘／额娘 (éniáng)

→ Chinese: 額娘／额娘 (éniáng)

From Proto-Tungusic *eńe, compare Evenki энин (əņin).


ᡤᠣᡵᠣ ᠮᠠᡶᠠ

maternal grandfather
maternal grandfather


ᠣᡴᡝ

paternal aunt (wife of father's younger brother)


ᡝᡶᡠ

brother-in-law (husband of elder sister)


ᡠᠩᡤᡠ

ᡠᠩᡤᡠ
ᠮᠠᡶᠠ ― unggu mafa ― great-grandfather

Describes relationship that is three generations away


ᡩᡝᡥᡝᠮᠠ

maternal uncle (husband of mother's younger sister)


ᡠᠩᡤᡠ ᠮᠠᠮᠠ

paternal grandfather
paternal grandfather#English

great-grandmother (paternal grandfather's mother)


ᡠᠴᡝ

From *urke, from Proto-Tungusic *ure. Cognate with Evenki уркэ (urkə).


ᠮᡝᠶᡝ

brother-in-law (younger sister's husband)

brother-in-law (wife's younger sister's husband)


ᠠᡤᡝ

(honorific, used to address males of the same seniority) mister; sir; gentleman

(women's speech) dear, darling, sweetheart (term used by a woman to address her lover)


ᡠᠩᡤᡠ ᠮᠠᡶᠠ

great-grandfather (paternal grandfather's father)


ᡶᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *page, compare Nanai пава (pawa).


ᠮᡠᠯᡠ

ridge; a narrow raised band on a surface


ᠠᠮᡠ

paternal aunt (wife of father's elder brother)


ᠠᠮᡠ

From Proto-Tungusic *ā- (“to sleep”), compare Evenki ами (ami, “sleep”).


ᠵᡠᡤᡡᠨ

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ᠵᡠᡤᡡᠨ • (jugūn)


ᠮᡠᡴᡩᡝᠨ

Shenyang (a prefecture-level city and subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Liaoning, China)


ᠶᡝᠶᡝ

From Mandarin 爺爺／爷爷 (yéye, “paternal grandfather”).

bor

paternal grandfather
paternal grandfather


ᠮᠠᠮᠠ

paternal grandmother
paternal grandmother


ᡥᠠᠨ

Compare Mongolian ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ (qaɣan, “emperor; khan”).


ᡧᡝᡵᡳ

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ᡧᡝᡵᡳ • (šeri)


ᡤᠣᠯᠣ

Connected with the Middle Korean ᄀᆞᄅᆞᆷ〮 (kòlóm, “river”).


ᡤᠣᡵᠣ ᠮᠠᠮᠠ

maternal grandmother
maternal grandmother


ᠨᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *nā, compare Nanai на (na). Connected with the Middle Korean 나랗〮 (nàláh, “country”).


ᠵᡠᡧᡠᠨ

ᠵᡠᡧᡠᠨ • (jušun)


ᡧᠠᡨᠠᠨ

ᡧᠠᡨᠠᠨ • (šatan)


ᡩᠠᠪᠰᡠᠨ

From Classical Mongolian ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ (dabusu).


ᡝᡵᡩᡝ

From a Mongolic language, compare Mongolian эрт (ert).


ᡠᡶᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *upe, compare Nanai опа (opa).


ᡩᠠᡵᠠᠮᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *dare, compare Even дарам (daram), Nanai дарама (darama).


ᡶᡝᡵᡥᡝ

# From Proto-Tungusic *pere.
# Likely akin to Proto-Mongolic *herekei, compare Mongolian эрхий (erxii).


ᡧᡠᡧᡠ

ᡧᡠᡧᡠ • (šušu)

Borrowed from Mandarin 蜀黍 (shǔshǔ, “sorghum”).


ᡧᡠᡧᡠ

ᡧᡠᡧᡠ • (šušu)


ᠣᡵᡥᠣ

From Proto-Tungusic *orākta (“dry grass”), compare Evenki орокто (orokto) and Even орат (orat).


ᠪᡝᠯᡝ

Connected with the Middle Korean 보리 (pwoli, “barley”).


ᠵᡠᡥᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *ʒuke, compare Evenki дюкэ (ʒukə).


ᠮᡳᠰᡠᠨ

Likely a direct loan from Old Korean. Compare Middle Korean 며주〮 (myècwú, “block of fermented beans”) (whence Korean 메주 (meju)). Compare also Japanese 味噌 (miso, “miso”).


ᡥᡡᠸᠠ

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ᡥᡡᠸᠠ • (hūwa)


ᠨᡝᡴᠴᡠ

maternal aunt (wife of mother's brother)


ᠠᠰᡥᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *xasakī, compare Evenki асаки (asaki), Nanai хасар (hasar).


ᡧᠠᡥᡡᡵᡠᠨ

ᡧᠠᡥᡡᡵᡠᠨ • (šahūrun)


ᡠᠯᡥᡡᠮᠠ

ᡠᠯᡥᡡᠮᠠ • (ulhūma)


ᡥᡡᠴᡳᠨ

ᡥᡡᠴᡳᠨ • (hūcin)

well (a shaft sunk into the ground to obtain water)


ᠴᡝᠵᡝᠨ

[t͡ʃʰə.t͡ʃən]

Connected with the Middle Korean 졎〮 (cyéc, “breast”).


ᡥᠠᡩᡠᡶᡠᠨ

Seems to be akin to Proto-Mongolic *kaduxur, compare Mongolian хадуур (xaduur).


ᡥᠣᠣᡧᠠᠨ

ᡥᠣᠣᡧᠠᠨ • (hoošan)


ᠰᠠᡳᡴᠠᠨ

From Middle Mongol [script needed] (sayiqan, diminutive of [script needed] (sayin)).

der

diminutive of <small>[script needed]</small> (sayin)

ᠰᠠᡳᡴᠠᠨ
ᡥᡝᡥᡝ ― saikan hehe ― beautiful woman


ᡶᡝᡳᠰᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *pejte, compare Nanai пэйдэ (pejde).


ᡨᠣᡵᠣ

From Mongolian тоор (toor), which is ultimately from Mandarin 桃兒／桃儿 (táor).


ᠪᡝᡥᡝ

Perhaps cognate to Middle Chinese 墨 (MC mok).


ᡤᠣᠯᠮᡳᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *ŋōlimi, from *ŋōli. Cognate with Evenki ӈоним (ŋoņim), Orok ŋonimi, Nanai оними (onimi).


ᡤᡳᠣ

From Proto-Tungusic *gibe, compare Evenki гивчэн (giwçən), Nanai гиу (giu).


ᡥᡡᡩᡠᠨ

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ᡥᡡᡩᡠᠨ • (hūdun)

From Proto-Mongolic *kurdun, compare Mongolian хурдан (xurdan).


ᡨᠠᠯᠮᠠᠨ

Akin to Evenki тамнакса (tamnaksa), Nanai тамна (tamna).


ᡨᠣᡥᠣᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *toxe, compare Nanai тохон (tohon).


ᠵᠠᡴᡩᠠᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *ǯagde, compare Evenki дягда (ʒagda).


ᡤᠣᡵᠣ

From Proto-Tungusic *gora, compare Even гор (gor), Evenki горо (goro).


ᠸᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *ŋui, compare Evenki ңи, Nanai уй (uj).


ᠰᠠᡳᠨ

From Middle Mongol [script needed] (sayin, “good; nice; satisfactory”).

der

ᠰᠠᡳᠨ
ᡤᡠᠴᡠ ― sain gucu ― good friend

ᠰᠠᡳᠨ
ᡨᠣᡩᠣᠯᠣ ― sain todolo ― good omen

ᠰᠠᡳᠨ
ᡳᠨᡝᠩᡤᡳ ― sain inenggi ― auspicious day


ᡶᠠᠯᠠᠩᡤᡡ

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ᡶᠠᠯᠠᠩᡤᡡ • (falanggū)

From Proto-Tungusic *palŋa, compare Evenki ханңга, Nanai пайнга (paynga).

cog

Evenki ханңга


ᠰᠠᠴᡳᠮᠠ

Chinese: 沙琪瑪／沙琪玛 (shāqímǎ)

Rice Krispie square
Rice Krispie square#English

sachima (a type of Chinese pastry similar in structure to a Rice Krispie square)


ᡴᠠᡵᠠ

Borrowed from Mongolic. Compare Mongolian хар (xar, “black”).


ᠮᠠᠩᡤᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *maŋga, compare Evenki маңа, Even маӈ (maŋ), Nanai манга (maŋa).


ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝᠰᡳ

→ Chinese: 筆帖式／笔帖式 (bǐtièshì)

ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ᠊ (bithe-, “text; book”) + ᠊ᠰᡳ (-si). Probably a phono-semantic matching of Mongolian ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ (baɣsi, “master, trainer, teacher”)

psm

(historical) scribe during the Qing Dynasty


ᠯᠠᠩᡤᡡ

head

ᠯᠠᠩᡤᡡ • (langgū)


ᡥᡡᠨᡨᠠᡥᠠᠨ

ᡥᡡᠨᡨᠠᡥᠠᠨ • (hūntahan)


ᠵᡝ

→ Chinese: 嗻 (zhē), 喳 (zhā)


ᠠᠯᡳᡴᡡ

ᠠᠯᡳᡴᡡ • (alikū)


ᡩᠣᡵᡤᠣᠨ

Akin or from Proto-Mongolic, compare Mongolian дорго (dorgo).


ᠸᠠᡳᡩᠠᡴᡡ

ᠸᠠᡳᡩᠠᡴᡡ • (waidakū)


ᠠᡳ

From Proto-Tungusic *xa- (“interrogative stem”). Cognate with Orok xai (“what”).
Compared to Proto-Turkic *ka- (“interrogative stem”), Proto-Mongolic *ka- (“interrogative stem”), Kazakh қай (qai, “which”), Yakut хайа (qaya, “what”). See also Mongolian хаана (xaana, “where”), Kazakh қайда (qaida, “where”), Kazakh қашан (qaşan, “when”).


ᡧᡠᠯᡥᡝ

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ᡧᡠᠯᡥᡝ • (šulhe)

zh-l

舒蘭／舒兰 (Shūlán)

→ Chinese: 舒蘭／舒兰 (Shūlán)


ᠵᠠᡴᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *ǯiaka, compare Nanai дяка (ʒaka).


ᠵᠠᡴᠠ

ᡶᡠ
ᡩᡝ
ᠵᠠᡴᠠ
ᠪᡳ᠉ ― fu de jaka bi. ― Walls have ears.

literally, “there are cracks on the wall.”


ᠵᠠᡴᠠ

ᡥᡡᡩᠠᡳ
ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ
ᡩᠠᠯᠠᠨ
ᡩᡝ
ᡨᠠᡶᠠᠮᡝ
ᠵᠠᡴᠠ᠈
ᡝᠮᡠ
ᠠᠰᡳᡥᠠᡨᠠ
ᠪᡝ
ᠰᠠᠪᡠᡶᡳ᠈
ᡨᡠᠸᠠᠮᡝ
ᠰᡝᠰᡠᠯᠠᡥᠠᡳ
ᠪᡳ᠉

1848, Pu Songling, translated by Jakdan, 擇飜聊齋志異/Sonjofi ubaliyambuha liyoo jai jy i bithe [Selected Short Stories by Liao Zhai in translation]:

When the businessman went ashore (lit, "at the time he went ashore"), he saw a young man. Seeing that, he was startled.

hūdai niyalma dalan de tafame jaka, emu asihata be sabufi, tuwame sesulahai bi.

(after the infinitive) Used to indicate an event, case, occasion, moment, or a specific period in time.


ᠮᠣᡵᠣ

ᠮᠣᡵᠣᠮᠪᡳ ᠮᠣᡵᠣᠮᠪᡳ#Manchu


ᠣᠯᠪᠣ

makwa, a type of clothing popular during the Qing Dynasty


ᡨᡝᠮᡝᠨ

From Proto-Mongolic *temexen, compare Mongolian тэмээ (temee).
Further compare Evenki тэвен (təwen), Nanai тэмэн (temen).


ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡩᡳ

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ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡩᡳ • (hūwangdi)


ᠠᠨᠠᡴᡡ

ᠠᠨᠠᡴᡡ • (anakū)

ᠠᠨᠠ᠊ (ana-, “to push”) + ᠊ᡴᡡ (-kū). Cognate with Nanai анако (anako).

key (object designed to open and close locks)

ᠠᠨᠠᡴᡡ
ᠠᡵᠠᠮᠪᡳ ― anakū arambi ― to make an excuse


ᡥᡡᠰᡳᡥᠠᠨ

ᡥᡡᠰᡳᡥᠠᠨ • (hūsihan)


ᠰᠠᡴᡩᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *sagda, compare Evenki сагды (sagdi).

ᠰᠠᡴᡩᠠ
ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ ― sakda niyalma ― old person

ᠰᠠᡴᡩᠠ
ᠠᡤᡠ ― sakda agu ― elder brother


ᠰᠠᡴᡩᠠ

A Manchu nobility clan during Qing Dynasty.


ᡝᠯᡩᡝᠨ

ᡝᡵᡝ
ᡩᠣᠪᠣᡵᡳ
ᠪᡳᠶᠠᡳ
ᡝᠯᡩᡝᠨ
ᡤᡝᡥᡠᠨ
ᡧᡝᡥᡠᠨ᠉
ere dobori biyai elden gehun šehun.
The moonlight is bright tonight.


ᠪᠣᠴᠣ

Borrowed from some variety of Old Korean; compare Middle Korean 빛 (pich, “light; color”), whence Korean 빛 (bit).


ᡶᡠᠯᡥᡡ

ᡶᡠᠯᡥᡡ • (fulhū)


ᠣᠶᠣ

roof or ceiling (of a house, yurt, carriage, etc)


ᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *eri- (“to breathe”).

ᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ
ᡤᠠᡳᠮᠪᡳ ― ergen gaimbi ― to breathe (literally, “to demand breath”)

(Chinese philosophy) energy of primal chaos


ᠴᡳᠪᡳᠨ

Borrowed from some variety of Old Korean; compare Middle Korean 져비 (cyepi, “swallow”), whence Korean 제비 (jebi).


ᠰᡳᠨᡳ

(second-person singular, genitive case) your


ᠠᠰᡠ

ᠨᡳᠮᠠᡥᠠᡳ
ᠠᠰᡠ ― nimahai asu ― fishing net


ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ ᠪᠣᠣ

→ Chinese: 蒙古包 (měnggǔbāo)

ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ (monggo, “Mongol; Mongolian”) + ᠪᠣᠣ (boo, “house”)

com

yurt (large, round tent with vertical walls and conical roof, common in the steppes of Central Asia)


ᡧᡝᠶᡝᠨ

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ᡧᡝᠶᡝᠨ • (šeyen)


ᠴᠣᠣᡥᠠ

ᡥᡡᠯᡥᠠᡳ
ᠴᠣᠣᡥᠠ ― hūlhai cooha ― enemy troops


ᡥᠠᠰᡥᡡ

ᡥᠠᠰᡥᡡ • (hashū)


ᡧᠠᠪᡠᡵᡠ

ᡧᠠᠪᡠᡵᡠ • (šaburu)


ᡩᠠᡳᡶᡠ

Borrowed from Mandarin 大夫 (dàifu, “doctor”).


ᠵᡳᠯᡤᠠᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *dilgan, compare Evenki дылган (dilgan), Nanai дилган (ʒilgan).


ᠠᠮᠪᡠᠮᠠ

maternal uncle (husband of mother's elder sister)


ᠪᡠᠯᡝᡴᡠ

ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ
ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ
ᠪᡠᠯᡝᡴᡠ
ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ ― -manju nikan gisun buleku bithe ― Manchu-Chinese dictionary


ᡴᠣᠩᡤᠣᡵᠣ

[qʰɔŋ.ŋɔ.rɔ]


ᠨᡝᠶᡝ

sister-in-law (wife of wife's younger brother)


ᠨᡝᠴᡝ

sister-in-law (wife of wife's elder brother)


ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡥᡝᠣ

ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡥᡝᠣ • (hūwangheo)


ᠪᠠᡧᠠ

ᠪᠠᡧᠠ • (baša)


ᡤᡠᡶᡠ

paternal uncle (husband of father's elder sister)


ᠠᡥᡡᠩᡤᠠ ᠵᡠᡳ

ᠠᡥᡡᠩᡤᠠ
ᠵᡠᡳ • (ahūngga jui)


ᠪᡝᡵᡥᡠ

sister-in-law (husband's younger sister)


ᡩᠠᠪᡴᡡᡵᡳ ᠣᠮᠣᠯᠣ

ᡩᠠᠪᡴᡡᡵᡳ
ᠣᠮᠣᠯᠣ • (dabkūri omolo)


ᠰᠣᠨᠴᠣᡥᠣ

[sɔn.t͡ʃʰɔ.χɔ]


ᡤᡝ

brother-in-law (husband's elder brother)


ᠰᡠᡥᡝ

From a Mongolic language, compare Mongolian сүх (süx).


ᡩᠠᠨᠴᠠᠨ

ᡩᠠᠨᠴᠠᠨ
ᡩᡝ
ᠪᡝᡩᡝᡵᡝᠮᠪᡳ ― dancan de bederembi ― to return to a married woman's parents' home (for a visit)


ᠵᠠᠮᡠ

ᠵᠠᠮᡠ:


ᠣᠮᠣᠯᠣ ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ ᠵᡠᡳ

ᠣᠮᠣᠯᠣ ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ ᠵᡠᡳ

ᠣᠮᠣᠯᠣ (omolo, “grandson”) + ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ
ᠵᡠᡳ (sargan jui, “daughter”).


ᠵᠠᠯᠠᡥᡳ ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ ᠵᡠᡳ

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ᠵᠠᠯᠠᡥᡳ ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ ᠵᡠᡳ


ᡥᡝᠶᡝ

rheum; sleep (substance in eyes after waking)


ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ

title; rank (of an official or nobility)


ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ

ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ (nikan, “Chinese; Han Chinese”) + ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ (hergen, “script; writing”)


ᡳᠨᠠ ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ ᠵᡠᡳ

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ᡳᠨᠠ ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ ᠵᡠᡳ


ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ

ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ (nikan, “Chinese; Han Chinese”) + ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ (gisun, “language”)


ᡠᠯᠮᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *xülme, compare Evenki инмэ (inmə), Nanai хурмэ (hurme).


ᡠᠯᠮᡝ ᡥᡡᠯᡥᠠᡨᡠ

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ᡠᠯᠮᡝ
ᡥᡡᠯᡥᠠᡨᡠ • (ulme hūlhatu)

ᡠᠯᠮᡝ (ulme, “needle”) + ᡥᡡᠯᡥᠠᡨᡠ (hūlhatu, “habitual robber”).


ᠨᠠᠮᡠ ᡠᠯᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ

ᠨᠠᠮᡠ (namu, “ocean”) + ᡠᠯᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ (ulgiyan, “pig”).


ᠶᠠᠰᠠᡳ ᠮᡠᡴᡝ

ᠶᠠᠰᠠᡳ (yasai, genitive of ᠶᠠᠰᠠ (yasa, “eye”)) + ᠮᡠᡴᡝ (muke, “water”).


ᠵᠠᠯᠠᡥᡳ ᡠᡵᡠᠨ

fraternal nephew's wife (brother's son's wife)


ᡤᡠ

Connected with the Middle Korean 구슬〮 (kwùsúl, “gem”).


ᠶᠠᡥᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *xial-, compare Evenki элла (əlla), Nanai сиалта (sialta).


ᡶᡠᠯᡝᠩᡤᡳ

From Proto-Tungusic *pulńe, compare Even хултэн (hultən), Nanai пунэктэн (punekten).


ᡠᠰᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *üse, compare Nanai усэ (use).


ᠶᠠᡶᠠᠨ

ᠰᠣᡤᡳ
ᠶᠠᡶᠠᠨ ― sogi yafan ― vegetable garden


ᡶᡳᠴᠠᡴᡡ

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ᡶᡳᠴᠠᡴᡡ • (ficakū)

xiao (a vertical, notched, end-blown bamboo flute)


ᡨᡝᠩᡤᡝᡵᡳ

sanxian (a three-stringed fretless Chinese instrument)


ᠶᠠᡨᡠᡥᠠᠨ

Compare Mongolian ятга (jatga, “yatga”).


ᡨᠣᡴᠰᡳᡨᡠ

wooden fish (a wooden percussion instrument)


ᠵᡠᠸᡝᡵᡤᡝ

a plucked string instrument with two strings


ᠣᠩᡤᠣᠴᠣᠨ

[ɔŋ.ŋɔ.t͡ʃʰɔn]


ᡤᡝᡵᡝᠨ ᡶᡳᠯᠠ

yunluo (a set of tuned flat gongs in a frame, played with a stick)


ᡴᡠᠮᡠᠨ

Inherited from Proto-Tungusic *kumun (“music”). Somehow akin to Proto-Turkic *kopuŕ, *komuŕ (“a musical instrunment, a kind of lute”), Proto-Mongolic *kuxur (“music”). There is a chance that word is a borrowing from Proto-Turkic.


ᠪᡳᠯᡝᡵᡳ

zh-l

篳篥／筚篥 (bìlì)

suona (traditional Chinese woodwind instrument)


ᡶᠣᠯᡥᠣ

# From Proto-Tungusic *palụka, compare Evenki халка (halka), Nanai палоа (paloa).
# From Proto-Mongolic *haluka or its ancestor, possibly of Indo-European origin. Compare Mongolian алх (alx, “hammer”), Kazakh балға (balğa, “hammer”), Sanskrit परशु (paraśu, “axe”), Ancient Greek πέλεκυς (pélekus, “axe”), Russian палка (palka, “stick”).


ᡨᠠᡨᡠᡥᠠᠨ

sihu (a bowed string instrument with two pairs of strings)


ᡧᡝᡨᡠᡥᡝᠨ

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ᡧᡝᡨᡠᡥᡝᠨ • (šetuhen)

se, an ancient Chinese plucked string instrument


ᠴᠠᡵᡴᡳ

Manchu clapper (a percussion instrument made from several pieces of wood)


ᡝᠯᠪᡝᠨ

grass (used to make thatch); cogon grass


ᠪᠠᡴᠰᠠᠩᡤᠠ ᡶᡳᠴᠠᡴᡡ

ᠪᠠᡴᠰᠠᠩᡤᠠ
ᡶᡳᠴᠠᡴᡡ • (baksangga ficakū)

sheng (a Chinese mouth-blown free-reed instrument consisting of vertical pipes)


ᡥᠣᠮᡳᠨ

Likely borrowed from Middle Korean 호ᄆᆡ (hwomoy, “hoe”), whence Korean 호미 (homi).


ᠰᠠᠮᠠᠨ

zh-l

薩滿／萨满 (sàmǎn)

→ Chinese: 薩滿／萨满 (sàmǎn)

From Proto-Tungusic *samān (“shaman”), compare Evenki саман (saman) and Nanai сама̄н (samān) etc.


ᡥᡠᠸᡝᡧᡝᠨ

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ᡥᡠᠸᡝᡧᡝᠨ • (huwešen)


ᡶᠠᠶᠠᠩᡤᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *pańan, compare Evenki ханян (haņan).


ᡥᡡᠸᠠᡧᠠᠨ

ᡥᡡᠸᠠᡧᠠᠨ • (hūwašan)

ᡥᡡᠸᠠᡧᠠ᠊ (hūwaša-, “to make progress”) + ᠊ᠨ (-n), literally “the one who makes progress (in ascetic practices)”


ᠨᠣᠮᡠᠨ

From Mongolic, compare Mongolian ном (nom).


ᡶᡠᠴᡳᡥᡳ

From Jurchen  (*fut͡ʃiçi), from Proto-Koreanic *Pwutukye; see there for more.


ᠪᡳᡵᡤᠠᠨ

By surface analysis, ᠪᡳᡵᠠ (bira, “river”) + ᠊ᡤᠠᠨ (-gan, diminutive suffix).


ᡥᠠᠯᠠ

ᡥᠠᠯᠠ
ᡥᠠᠴᡳᠨ ― hala hacin ― diverse


ᡤᡝᠪᡠ ᡥᠠᠯᠠ

ᡤᡝᠪᡠ (gebu, “given name”) + ᡥᠠᠯᠠ (hala, “family name”).


ᠣᠮᠣ

From Proto-Tungusic *āme, compare Evenki амут (amut).


ᠰᡠᠩᡤᠠᡵᡳ ᡠᠯᠠ

Compare semantically ᠰᡠᠩᡤᠠᡵᡳ
ᠪᡳᡵᠠ (sunggari bira, “Milky Way”). Both ᠪᡳᡵᠠ (bira) and ᡠᠯᠠ (ula) mean river.

Songhua River, a river in northeast China


ᡤᠣᠯᠮᡳᠨ ᡧᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᡳᠨ

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ᡤᠣᠯᠮᡳᠨ
ᡧᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ
ᠠᠯᡳᠨ • (golmin šanggiyan alin)

ᡤᠣᠯᠮᡳᠨ (golmin, “long”) + ᡧᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ (šanggiyan, “white”) + ᠠᠯᡳᠨ (alin, “mountain”)

compound

en-ᡤᠣᠯᠮᡳᠨ_ᡧᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ_ᠠᠯᡳᠨ-mnc-name-2DcIwHQc


ᠵᡳᠶᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᡡᠨ

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ᠵᡳᠶᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᡡᠨ • (jiyanggiyūn)

Borrowed from Chinese 將軍／将军 (jiāngjūn, “general”).


ᡤᠣᠯᠮᡳᠨ ᡧᠠᠨᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᡳᠨ

ᡤᠣᠯᠮᡳᠨ
ᡧᠠᠨᠶᠠᠨ
ᠠᠯᡳᠨ • (golmin šanyan alin)

ᡤᠣᠯᠮᡳᠨ (golmin, “long”) + ᡧᠠᠨᠶᠠᠨ (šanyan, “white”) + ᠠᠯᡳᠨ (alin, “mountain”)


ᡶᡝᠶᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *pube, compare Evenki хуги (hugi).


ᡶᡝᠶᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *puje, compare Evenki хуе (huje), Nanai пуе (puye).

ᠰᡳᡵᡩᠠᠨ ᡳ
ᡶᡝᠶᡝ ― sirdan-i feye ― arrow wound


ᠵᡳᡵᠠᠮᡳᠨ

thick (relatively great in extent from one surface to the opposite in its smallest solid dimension)


ᡴᠠᠨᡩᠠᡥᠠᠨ

→ Mandarin: 堪達罕／堪达罕 (kāndáhǎn), 犴 (hān)

From Proto-Mongolic *kandaxai, compare Mongolian хандгай (xandgaj).


ᠨᡳᠩᡤᡠᡨᠠ

ᠨᡳᠩᡤᡠᡨᡝ ᠨᡳᠩᡤᡠᡨᡝ#Manchu

Alternative spelling of ᠨᡳᠩᡤᡠᡨᡝ (ninggute)


ᠨᡳᠩᡤᡠᡨᠠ

zh-l

寧古塔／宁古塔 (Nínggǔtǎ)

→ Chinese: 寧古塔／宁古塔 (Nínggǔtǎ)

→ English: Ningguta

→ Russian: Нингута (Ninguta)

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Нюлгуцкой город

→ Russian: Нюлгуцкой город (Njulguckoj gorod)

(historical) Ningguta, a region of the Qing dynasty


ᡥᡝᡨᡠ ᡶᡳᠴᠠᡴᡡ

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ᡥᡝᡨᡠ
ᡶᡳᠴᠠᡴᡡ • (hetu ficakū)

dizi (a transverse flute with a buzzing membrane)


ᠰᡝ

ᡩᠠᠮᡠ
ᠮᡳᠨᡳ
ᠰᠠᡴᡩᠠ
ᡝᠮᡝ
ᠨᠠᡩᠠᠨᠵᡠ
ᠰᡝ
ᠣᡥᠣ᠈
ᡝᡵᡧᡝᡵᡝ
ᡠᡳᠯᡝᡵᡝ
ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ
ᠠᡴᡡ᠉

But my old mother is 70 years old, there is no one taking care of her.

damu mini sakda eme nadanju se oho, eršere uilere niyalma akū.


ᠰᡝ

ᠰᡝᠮᠪᡳ ᠰᡝᠮᠪᡳ#Manchu


ᡨᠠᡵᡥᡡᠨ

ᡨᠠᡵᡥᡡᠨ • (tarhūn)


ᠨᠠᡵᡥᡡᠨ ᡩᡠᡥᠠ

ᠨᠠᡵᡥᡡᠨ
ᡩᡠᡥᠠ • (narhūn duha)


ᠨᠠᡵᡥᡡᠨ

ᠨᠠᡵᡥᡡᠨ • (narhūn)

thin; slender (having a cross section that is small in all directions)


ᠮᡠᡴᡡᠨ

ᠮᡠᡴᡡᠨ • (mukūn)


ᡠᠵᡝᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *xörgän, compare Evenki ургэ (urgə), Nanai хуйгэ (hujge).


ᡩᡝᡨᡥᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *dekte, compare Evenki дэктэннэ (dəktənnə), Nanai дэктэчэ (dekteče).


ᡧᡠᠮᡳᠨ

ᡧᡠᠮᡳᠨ • (šumin)


ᠵᡠᡧᡠᡥᡠᠨ

ᠵᡠᡧᡠᡥᡠᠨ • (jušuhun)


ᠸᠠᡥᡡᠨ

ᠸᠠᡥᡡᠨ • (wahūn)


ᠴᠠᠨᠠᠩᡤᡳ

day before yesterday
day before yesterday


ᡥᠠᡨᡠᡥᡡᠨ

ᡥᠠᡨᡠᡥᡡᠨ • (hatuhūn)


ᠵᠠᠨᠴᡠᡥᡡᠨ

ᠵᠠᠨᠴᡠᡥᡡᠨ • (jancuhūn)


ᡨᡠᡵᠠᡴᡡ

ᡨᡠᡵᠠᡴᡡ • (turakū)


ᠪᡳᠯᡨᡝᠨ

ᠪᠠᡳᡥᠠᠯ
ᠪᡳᠯᡨᡝᠨ ― baihal bilten ― Lake Baikal


ᡤᠣᠰᡳᡥᠣᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *goša, compare Even гот (got), Nanai гочиси (gočisi).


ᠠᠮᡨᠠᠨ

From a Mongolic language, compare Mongolian амт (amt).


ᠸᠠ

ᠸᠠᠮᠪᡳ ᠸᠠᠮᠪᡳ#Manchu


ᡳᠴᡝ ᠵᡝᠴᡝᠨ

[i.t͡ʃʰə.t͡ʃə.t͡ʃʰən]

ᡳᠴᡝ (ice, “new”) + ᠵᡝᠴᡝᠨ (jecen, “border; frontier”), literally “new frontier”. Compare semantically Chinese 新疆 (Xīnjiāng).

com

(historical) Xinjiang (a province of China)

Xinjiang (an autonomous region of China)


ᡶᡠᠯᡝᡥᡝ

From *pule, from Proto-Koreanic *pulɨkuj, whence also Middle Korean 불휘〮 (pwùlhwúy, “root”) > Modern Standard Central Korean 뿌리 (ppuri, “root”), also Pyongan Korean 뿌레기 (ppuregi, “root”). Not attested in other Tungusic languages, including Jurchen. The native Tungusic equivalent is ᡩᠠ (da).


ᡨᡠᠮᡳᠨ

ᡨᡠᠮᡳᠨ
ᠠᠮᡨᠠᠨ ― tumin amtan ― strong flavor

ᡨᡠᠮᡳᠨ
ᠯᠠᠮᡠᠨ ― tumin lamun ― deep blue

ᡨᡠᠮᡳᠨ
ᡧᡠᡧᡠ ― tumin šušu ― rose-red


ᡨᡠᠮᡳᠨ

ᡠᠪᠠᠴᡳ
ᡝᡵᠴᡳᠰ
ᠪᡳᡵᠠ
ᡩᡝᡵᡳ
ᠸᠠᡵᡤᡳ
ᠵᡠᠯᡝᡵᡤᡳ
ᠪᠠᡵᡠ
ᡨᠣᠪᠣᠯ
ᠪᡳᡵᠠ
ᡩᡝ
ᡩᠣᠰᡳᡶᡳ᠈
ᠮᡠᡴᡝᡳ
ᠸᡝᠰᡳᡥᡠᠨ
ᡠᠶᡠᠨ
ᡳᠨᡝᠩᡤᡳ
ᠶᠠᠪᡠᡶᡳ᠈
ᠣᡵᡳᠨ
ᡳᠯᠠᠨ
ᡩᡝ
ᡨᡠᠮᡳᠨ
ᡩᡝ
ᡳᠰᡳᠨᠠᡥᠠ᠉

1723, Tulišen, 異域錄 [Narrative of the Chinese Embassy to the Khan of the Tourgouth Tartars]:

From the Irtysh to the southwest, went along the Tobol River, after nine days, (we) arrived at Tyumen on the 23th day.

ubaci ercis bira deri wargi julergi baru tobol bira de dosifi, mukei wesihun uyun inenggi yabufi, orin ilan de tumin de isinaha.

Tyumen (a city, the administrative center of Tyumen Oblast, Russia)


ᠵᡝᠴᡝᠨ

[t͡ʃə.t͡ʃʰən]


ᠵᡝᠴᡝᠨ

[t͡ʃə.t͡ʃʰən]

Jecen (a Manchu clan during the Qing dynasty)


ᠪᡳᠶᠠᠩᠰᡳᡴᡡ

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ᠪᡳᠶᠠᠩᠰᡳᡴᡡ • (biyangsikū)


ᠨᡳᠮᠠᠨ

From *iman, from Mongolic. Compare Mongolian ямаа (jamaa), Kalmyk ямаан (yamaan), Daur ima, Dongxiang iman.


ᡧᡝᡧᡝᡵᡳ ᡠᠮᡳᠶᠠᡥᠠ

ᡧᡝᡧᡝᡵᡳ
ᡠᠮᡳᠶᠠᡥᠠ • (šešeri umiyaha)


ᠣᠮᡧᠣᠨ

ᠣᠮᡧᠣᠨ • (omšon)

ᠣᠮᡧᠣᠨ ᠪᡳᠶᠠ
ᠣᠮᡧᠣᠨ ᠪᡳᠶᠠ#Manchu

ᠣᠮᡧᠣᠨ ᠪᡳᠶᠠ
ᠣᠮᡧᠣᠨ ᠪᡳᠶᠠ#Manchu

eleven (used only in ᠣᠮᡧᠣᠨ
ᠪᡳᠶᠠ (omšon biya, “eleventh month of the Chinese calendar”))


ᠨᡳᠣᠯᡥᡠᠨ

the sixteenth day of the first month of the Chinese calendar


ᠰᡝᡴᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *segep, compare Even хэгэп (həgəp), Nanai сэпэ (sepe).


ᠰᡳᡥᠠᡴᡡ

ᠰᡳᡥᠠᡴᡡ • (sihakū)

a vertical bamboo wind instrument with nine holes (similar to guan)


ᠵᠣᡵᡤᠣᠨ

ᠵᠣᡵᡤᠣᠨ ᠪᡳᠶᠠ
ᠵᠣᡵᡤᠣᠨ ᠪᡳᠶᠠ#Manchu

ᠵᠣᡵᡤᠣᠨ ᠪᡳᠶᠠ
ᠵᠣᡵᡤᠣᠨ ᠪᡳᠶᠠ#Manchu

twelve (used only in ᠵᠣᡵᡤᠣᠨ
ᠪᡳᠶᠠ (jorgon biya, “the twelfth month of the Chinese calendar”))


ᠵᠣᡵᡤᠣᠨ

the twelfth month of the Chinese calendar


ᡠᠶᠠᡧᠠᠨ

ᡠᠶᠠᡧᠠᠨ • (uyašan)


ᡥᠠᡵᡩᠠᡴᡡ

ᡥᠠᡵᡩᠠᡴᡡ • (hardakū)


ᠰᡠᠪᡝ

Maybe from Proto-Tungusic *sume, compare Even хум (hum).


ᡝᡵᡥᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *xerekī, compare Even эрики (əriki), Nanai хэрэ (here).


ᠴᡝᠴᡳᡴᡝ

[t͡ʃʰə.t͡ɕʰi.kʰə]


ᠰᡳᠯᡝᠩᡤᡳ

From Proto-Tungusic *silekse, compare Even хилэс (hiləs), Nanai силэмсэ (silemse).


ᠠᠰᡥᠠᠩᡤᠠ ᠰᡳᠩᡤᡝᡵᡳ

ᠠᠰᡥᠠᠩᡤᠠ (ashangga, “winged”) + ᠰᡳᠩᡤᡝᡵᡳ (singgeri, “mouse”).


ᡶᠠᠵᡠᡴᡡ

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ᡶᠠᠵᡠᡴᡡ • (fajukū)

ᡶᠠᠵᠠ᠊ (faja-, “to defecate”) + ᠊ᡴᡡ (-kū)


ᡧᠣᡵᡥᠣ

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ᡧᠣᡵᡥᠣ • (šorho)


ᠰᡳᡧᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ

ᠰᡳᡧᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ • (sišargan)


ᡳᠮᠠᡥᡡ

ᡳᠮᠠᡥᡡ • (imahū)


ᡶᡠᠰᡥᡝᡴᡠ

Derived nominalization from Manchu fushe- ("to fan") (see ᡶᡠᠰᡥᡝᠮᠪᡳ (fushembi, “to fan”)), with instrumental suffix -ku.


ᡥᡳᠶᡝᠰᡝ

From Mandarin 蠍子／蝎子 (xiēzi, “scorpion”).


ᡶᠣᠨ

Ultimately borrowed from Proto-Mongolic *hon (“[the duration of a] year”).


ᠠᡩᡠ

ᡝᡨᡠᡴᡠ ᠠᡩᡠ
ᡝᡨᡠᡴᡠ ᠠᡩᡠ#Manchu

ᡝᡨᡠᡴᡠ ᠠᡩᡠ
ᡝᡨᡠᡴᡠ ᠠᡩᡠ#Manchu

clothing (used in ᡝᡨᡠᡴᡠ
ᠠᡩᡠ (etuku adu, “clothing”))


ᠵᠣᡵᡤᠣᠨ ᡳᠨᡝᠩᡤᡳ

Laba Festival (a traditional Chinese holiday celebrated on the eighth day of the twelfth month of the Chinese calendar)


ᡠᡳᡥᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *xüj(k)e, compare Evenki ие (ije), Nanai хуе (huje).


ᠣᡵᠣᠨ ᠪᡠᡥᡡ

head

ᠣᡵᠣᠨ
ᠪᡠᡥᡡ • (oron buhū)

ᠣᡵᠣᠨ (oron) is from Proto-Tungusic *oran.


ᡝᠨᡳᠶᡝᡥᡝᠨ

ᡝᠨᡳᡥᡝᠨ ᡝᠨᡳᡥᡝᠨ#Manchu

Alternative form of ᡝᠨᡳᡥᡝᠨ (enihen, “female dog”)


ᡥᡠᡵᡝᠨ

hole near the kitchen range for placing a lamp


ᡧᠠᠨᠴᡳᠨ

ᡧᠠᠨᠴᡳᠨ • (šancin)

fortress on a mountain; small town on a mountain


ᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᡩᡝᠩᠵᠠᠨ

Compound of ᠠᠶᠠᠨ (ayan, “wax”) + ᡩᡝᠩᠵᠠᠨ (dengjan, “lamp”), literally “wax lamp”.


ᡤᡡᠩᡴᠠᠨ

head

ᡤᡡᠩᡴᠠᠨ • (gūngkan)


ᡝᡶᡝᠨ

bread; pastry; steamed bun; breadlike product made from flour


ᡥᠠᠴᡳᠨ

Borrowed from some variety of Old Korean; compare Middle Korean 가지 (kaci, “kind”), whence Korean 가지 (gaji).
This root is also found in other Tungusic languages, e.g. Solon, Oroch, Udehe, Ulcha, Orok, Nanai, but inner-Tungusic correspondences indicate that in all these languages it is a loan from Manchu. It is not attested in Ewen, Arman and Evenki, which had no or rather limited contact with Jurchen and/or Manchu.

Lantern Festival; the fifteenth day of the first month of the Chinese calendar

ᡥᠠᠴᡳᠨ
ᠠᡵᠠᠮᠪᡳ ― hacin arambi ― to celebrate a festival


ᠪᡳᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠ

Chinese water chestnut
Chinese water chestnut


ᠠᠵᡳᡵᡤᠠᠨ

(of certain animals, e.g. dogs and horses) male


ᠠᠮᡳᠯᠠ ᠴᠣᡴᠣ

ᠠᠮᡳᠯᠠ (amila, “male”) + ᠴᠣᡴᠣ (coko, “chicken”).


ᠰᠠᡵᠠ

iron ornament fixed to a quiver or bow case


ᠰᠠᡵᠠ

ᠰᠠᠮᠪᡳ ᠰᠠᠮᠪᡳ#Manchu

ᠰᠠᠮᠪᡳ ᠰᠠᠮᠪᡳ#Manchu


ᡠᠨᡳᠶᡝᠨ

female (of certain animals like sheep or rhinoceros)


ᡥᡡᡵᡥᠠᠨ

head

ᡥᡡᡵᡥᠠᠨ • (hūrhan)


ᡶᠠᡵᡥᡡᠨ

ᡶᠠᡵᡥᡡᠨ • (farhūn)


ᡤᡝᡥᡠᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *ŋēre (“light”), compare Evenki ңэри (“light”).

ᡤᡝᡥᡠᠨ
ᠪᡳᠶᠠ ― gehun biya ― bright moon


ᡧᡝᡧᡝᠮᡦᡝ

ᡧᡝᡧᡝᠮᡦᡝ • (šešempe)

[ʃə.ʃəm.pʰə]


ᡤᡝᡵᡠᡩᡝᡳ

Ablauted from ᡤᠠᡵᡠᡩᠠᡳ (garudai) for feminine semantics.


ᡝᠮᡳᠯᡝ ᠴᠣᡴᠣ

ᡝᠮᡳᠯᡝ (emile, “female”) + ᠴᠣᡴᠣ (coko, “chicken”).


ᡤᠠᡵᡠᡩᠠᡳ

Ultimately from Sanskrit गरुड (garuḍa) via Mongolic.


ᠠᡵᠠ

the humming sound when someone cannot tolerate the pain


ᠠᡵᠠ

ᠠᡵᠠᠮᠪᡳ ᠠᡵᠠᠮᠪᡳ#Manchu


ᠣᡵᡥᠣᡩᠠ

Compound of ᠣᡵᡥᠣ (orho, “grass”) + ᡩᠠ (da, “root”).


ᡴᡠᡴᡠ

From Proto-Tungusic *kuka. Compare Mongolian хөх (xöx), Kyrgyz көк (kök).


ᠵᠠᠨᠴᡠᡥᡡᠨᠵᡝ

head

ᠵᠠᠨᠴᡠᡥᡡᠨᠵᡝ • (jancuhūnje)


ᠪᡳᠶᠣᠣ ᡠᠮᡳᠶᠠᡥᠠ

ᠪᡳᠶᠣᠣ (biyoo, “silkworm”) + ᡠᠮᡳᠶᠠᡥᠠ (umiyaha, “worm”)


ᠮᡝᡵᡝ

Compare Kalmyk меерә (meerä). Also connected with the Korean 밀 (mil, “wheat”).


ᠠᡵᡶᠠ

From Proto-Turkic *arpa. Disputedly from a Mongolic language, compare Mongolian арвай (arvaj).


ᡶᠠᡨᠠᠨ

Connected with the Middle Korean 바다ᇰ〮 (pàtáng, “bottom”).
From Proto-Tungusic *pate.


ᡥᠠᡳᠯᡠᠨ

Akin to or from Proto-Mongolic *kalixun, compare Mongolian халиу (xaliu).


ᠪᠠᡵᠠᠮᡳᡩᠠ

From Tibetan པ་ར་མི་ཏ (pa ra mi ta), from Sanskrit पारमिता (perfection, paramita).


ᠴᡳᡵᡴᡠ ᡥᡝᠩᡴᡝ

ᠴᡳᡵᡴᡠ (cirku, “pillow”) + ᡥᡝᠩᡴᡝ (hengke, “melon”).


ᡧᠠᡴᡧᠠᡥᠠ

head

ᡧᠠᡴᡧᠠᡥᠠ • (šakšaha)

the gill (a breathing organ of fish and other aquatic animals)


ᡧᡠᠰᡳᡥᠠ

ᡧᡠᠰᡳᡥᠠ • (šusiha)


ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠩ

palace (the place where the emperor lives)


ᡤᡡᠨᡳᠨ

ᡤᡡᠨᡳᠨ • (gūnin)


ᠰᠣᠯᠣᠨ

→ Chinese: 索倫／索伦 (Suǒlún)

Solon (a subgroup of the Evenki people of northeastern Asia)


ᡶᠣᠰᠣᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *pōse, compare Nanai посин (posin).


ᡶᡠᡶᡠᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *pubi- (“to saw”), compare Evenki хувун (huwun), Nanai попон (popon).


ᡤᡡᠯᡥᠠ

ᡤᡡᠯᡥᠠ • (gūlha)

Probably a Wanderwort connected with Proto-Mongolic *gutu-l, Korean 구두 (gudu, “shoes, boots”), Japanese 靴 (kutsu, “footwear, boots”).


ᠮᡝᡳᡥᡝᡨᡠ

Monopterus albus
Monopterus albus#Translingual


ᡤᡳᡩᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *gịda (“spear, lance”). Compare also Evenki гида (gida).
Possibly related to Proto-Mongolic *ǰïda, whence Mongolian жад (žad), Daur jad and Dongxiang zhida.


ᡩᠠᠮᠪᠠᡤᡠ

Compare Persian تنباکو (tanbâku), Hindi तम्बाकू (tambākū), all ultimately from Spanish tabaco.


ᡤᡠᠩ

Borrowed from Mandarin 公 (gōng, “duke”).


ᡤᡠᠩ

Borrowed from Mandarin 宮／宫 (gōng, “palace”).


ᡤᡠᠩ

Borrowed from Mandarin 功 (gōng, “merit”).


ᡥᠠᡩᠠᠯᠠ

Akin to or from Proto-Mongolic *kadaxar, compare Mongolian хазаар (xazaar).


ᡴᡡᠴᠠ

ᡴᡡᠴᠠ • (kūca)


ᡥᠠᡵᠰᠠ

yellow-throated marten
yellow-throated marten

Martes flavigula
Martes flavigula#Translingual

yellow-throated marten; Martes flavigula


ᠠᡳᡥᡡ

ᠠᡳᡥᡡ • (aihū)


ᡤᡡᠴᠠ

ᡤᡡᠴᠠ • (gūca)


ᠮᡳᠶᠠᡥᡡ

ᠮᡳᠶᠠᡥᡡ • (miyahū)

Siberian musk deer (Moschus moschiferus)


ᡶᡠᠯᡥᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *pule, compare Evenki хула (hula), Nanai поло (polo).


ᠶᠠᠮᠵᡳᠰᡥᡡᠨ

ᠶᠠᠮᠵᡳᠰᡥᡡᠨ • (yamjishūn)


ᡶᠠᠵᠠᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *parge. Akin to Mongolian аргал (argal).


ᡶᡠ

outside wall; wall surrounding a courtyard


ᡴᡠᡵᡠᠮᡝ

coat or garment worn over the outside of one's other garments


ᡧᡠ ᡳᠯᡥᠠ

ᡧᡠ
ᡳᠯᡥᠠ • (šu ilha)


ᠴᡠᠰᡝ ᠮᠣᠣ

ᠴᡠᠰᡝ (cuse, “bamboo”) + ᠮᠣᠣ (moo, “wood; tree”)


ᠰᡳᠯᡝ

# From Proto-Tungusic *šole, compare Nanai чолон (čōlon).
# The Tungusic term is from Proto-Mongolic *silö (“meat broth, soup”), compare Mongolian шөл (šöl).
# The Mongolic term probably derives from or otherwise related with Proto-Turkic *söl (“juice”), compare Kazakh сөл (söl).


ᡥᡡᠨᠠᠨ

head

ᡥᡡᠨᠠᠨ • (hūnan)


ᡥᡡᠪᡝ

ᡥᡡᠪᡝ • (hūbe)


ᡷᠶᠯᡳ

(historical) Zhili (a province in northern China; modern Hebei)


ᠵᡠᠨ ᡤᠠᡵ

desc

→ Chinese: 準噶爾／准噶尔 (Zhǔnɡá’ěr) (transcription)

Borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ
ᠭᠠᠷ (ǰegün ɣar, literally “the left wing”).


ᡥᡠᡥᡠ ᠨᠣᠣᡵ

Compound of ᡥᡠᡥᡠ (huhu, “blue”) + ᠨᠣᠣᡵ (noor, “lake”). From Classical Mongolian ᠬᠥᠬᠡ
ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ (köke naɣur, literally “blue sea”).

der

Qinghai Lake (a lake in China), the largest lake in China.


ᡴᠠᠯᡴᠠ

From Classical Mongolian ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠ (qalk-a, “shield; Khalka”).


ᠨᡳᠪᠴᡠ

zh-l

尼布楚 (Níbùchǔ)

→ Chinese: 尼布楚 (Níbùchǔ)

Kūkejintai, A Dagur Story
ᠨᡳᠪᠴᡠ
ᠣᠴᡳ
ᠠᡳᡥᠣᡳ  ᡳ
ᠸᠠᡵᡤᡳ
ᠠᠮᠠᡵᡤᡳ ᡳ
ᠵᡠᠸᡝ
ᠮᡳᠩᡤᠠᠨ
ᠪᠠ
ᡶᡠᠨᠴᡝᠮᡝ
ᠶᠠᡴᠰᠠ
ᡥᡝᠴᡝᠨ ᡳ
ᠠᡩᠠᠯᡳ
ᡤᡝᠮᡠ
ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ
ᡠᠯᠠ ᡳ
ᠪᡳᡨᡠᠮᡝ
ᠪᡳ᠉
-nibcu oci aihoi--i wargi amargi-i juwe minggan ba funceme yaksa hecen-i adali gemu sahaliyan ula-i bitume bi.
Nibcu is over 2,000 li northwest of Aigun and borders the Amur River like the city of Yaksa.

ᠨᡳᠪᠴᠣᠣ ᠨᡳᠪᠴᠣᠣ#Manchu

alternative form of ᠨᡳᠪᠴᠣᠣ (nibcoo, “Nercha; Nerchinsk”)


ᡠᡵᡠᠮᠴᡳ

desc

→ Chinese: 烏魯木齊／乌鲁木齐 (Wūlǔmùqí)

→ Chinese: 烏魯木齊／乌鲁木齐 (Wūlǔmùqí)

Borrowed from Written Oirat ᡇᠷᡇᡏᡔᡅ (urumci), from Chagatai اورُمجی (ūrumǧī /ürümči/).

bor+

Ürümqi (a prefecture-level city, the capital of Xinjiang, China)


ᡳᠯᡳ

ᡳᠯᡳᠮᠪᡳ ᡳᠯᡳᠮᠪᡳ#Manchu

imperative of ᡳᠯᡳᠮᠪᡳ (ilimbi, “to stand”)


ᡳᠯᡳ

→ Chinese: 伊犁 (Yīlí)


ᡶᡳᠣᡥᠠ

Probably onomatopoeic, but compare Nivkh пʼеӄ (pʼeq, “hen”), Middle Korean 비〮육 (pí.ywùk, “chick”) and Japanese 雛(ひよこ) (hiyoko, “chick”).


ᠠᡳᡥᠠ ᡧᡠᡧᡠ

head

ᠠᡳᡥᠠ
ᡧᡠᡧᡠ • (aiha šušu)


ᡝᠯᠪᡳᡥᡝ

Nyctereutes procyonoides
Nyctereutes procyonoides#Translingual


ᠰᡳᠯᡠᠨ

Maybe from a Mongolic language, compare Mongolian шилүүс (šilüüs).


ᠠᡩᡠᠨ

ᡳᡥᠠᠨ
ᠠᡩᡠᠨ ― ihan adun ― herd of cattle

ᡥᠣᠨᡳᠨ
ᠠᡩᡠᠨ ― honin adun ― flock of sheep


ᡴᡠᠪᡠᠨ

From Mongolic, compare Mongolian хөвөн (xövön).


ᡨᠠᡵᠪᠠᡥᡳ

Ultimately borrowed from Proto-Mongolic *tarbagan. Cognate with Mongolian тарвага (tarvaga).


ᡳᠯᡳᠮᠪᡳ

From Proto-Tungusic *ili-, compare Evenki илми (ilmi).


ᠠᡳᠰᡳᠨ

→ Nanai: айсин (ajsin)

Possibly the continuation of a dialectal form whose original pronunciation could have been *[añcün]. Cognate with Jurchen ancu (“gold”), whence Manchu ᠠᠨᠴᡠᠨ (ancun, “earring”). Compare Proto-Turkic *altun (“gold”), Mongolian ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ (altan, “gold”).


ᡩᡝᡵᡤᡳ ᠠᠪᡴᠠ

御製增訂清文鑑 卷一 天部 天文類 第一
ᡨᡠᠮᡝᠨ
ᠵᠠᡴᠠ
ᠪᡝ
ᡝᠯᠪᡝᡥᡝ
ᠪᡝ
ᠵᠣᡵᡳᠮᡝ
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠮᠪᡳᡥᡝᡩᡝ᠈
ᡩᡝᡵᡤᡳ
ᠠᠪᡴᠠ
ᠰᡝᠮᠪᡳ᠉
tumen jaka be elbehe be jorime gisurembihede, dergi abka sembi.
The word that refers to something that covers everything is called heaven.


ᠨᡳᠣᡥᠣᠨ ᠠᠪᡴᠠ

ᠨᡳᠣᡥᠣᠨ (niohon, “(light) green”) + ᠠᠪᡴᠠ (abka, “sky”). Semantically, compare Chinese 青天 (qīngtiān, “blue sky”) and 蒼天／苍天 (cāngtiān, “blue sky”).

com

御製增訂清文鑑 卷一 天部 天文類 第一
ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ
ᠪᠣᠴᠣ
ᠪᡝ
ᠵᠣᡵᡳᠮᡝ
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠮᠪᡳᡥᡝᡩᡝ᠈
ᠨᡳᠣᡥᠣᠨ
ᠠᠪᡴᠠ
ᠰᡝᠮᠪᡳ᠉
abkai boco be jorime gisurembihede, niohon abka sembi.

The word that refers to the color of the sky, is called blue sky.


ᡤᡝᠩᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨ ᠠᠪᡴᠠ

御製增訂清文鑑 卷一 天部 天文類 第一
ᡨᡠᡤᡳ
ᠰᡠᡴᡩᡠᠨ
ᠠᡴᡡ
ᡠᠮᡝᠰᡳ
ᠪᠣᠯᡤᠣ
ᡤᡝᡨᡠᡴᡝᠨ
ᠪᡝ᠈
ᡤᡝᠩᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨ
ᠠᠪᡴᠠ
ᠰᡝᠮᠪᡳ᠉
tugi sukdun akū umesi bolgo getuken be, genggiyen abka sembi.
The sky, which is very clear without clouds, is called clear sky.


ᡠᠯᡩᡝᠨ

御製增訂清文鑑 卷一 天部 天文類 第一
ᠠᠯᡳᠨ
ᠵᠠᡴᠠᡵᠠᡵᠠ
ᠣᠩᡤᠣᠯᠣ
ᡨᡠᠴᡳᡵᡝ
ᡝᠯᡩᡝᠨ
ᠪᡝ᠈
ᡠᠯᡩᡝᠨ
ᠰᠠᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ
ᠰᡝᠮᠪᡳ᠉
alin jakarara onggolo tucire elden be, ulden sabumbi sembi.
The light that appears before the daybreak is called dawn.


ᡤᡝᡢᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨ

head

ᡤᡝᡢᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨ • (geᡢgiyen)

From Proto-Tungusic *geŋg'e, compare Nanai нгэгден (ŋegʒen).


ᠮᡳᠶᠣᠣᠴᠠᠨ

→ Nanai: миоча̄н (miočān)

Borrowed from Mandarin 鳥槍／鸟枪 (niǎoqiāng).


ᡥᠠᠮᡳ

Hami (a region in eastern Xinjiang, China)


ᡨᡠᡵᡶᠠᠨ

Turfan (a region in eastern Xinjiang, China)


ᠠᡴᠰᡠ

zh-l

阿克蘇／阿克苏 (Ākèsū)

→ Chinese: 阿克蘇／阿克苏 (Ākèsū)

From Middle Mongol ᠠᠭᠰᠤ (aɣsu), from Chagatai آقسُو (Āqsū), اکسو (Aksū). Compare Uyghur ئاقسۇ (aqsu), Written Oirat ᠠᡎᠰᡇ, Tibetan ཨག་སུ (ag su).


ᠵᡠᡧᡝᠨ

head

ᠵᡠᡧᡝᠨ • (jušen)

(historical) the Jurchen (Nüzhen or Nuchen) people


ᡨᠣᠯᡤᡳᠨ

# From Proto-Tungusic *tolkin, compare Evenki толкин (tolkin).
# Sometimes seen as related to Mongolian төлгө (tölgö, “mantic, voodooism”), or Turkish düş (“dream”), Bashkir төш (töş) and Chuvash тӗлӗк (tĕlĕk).


ᠸᠠᡴᡧᠠᠨ

head

ᠸᠠᡴᡧᠠᠨ • (wakšan)


ᠮᡝᠨᡨᡠ

Borrowed from Chinese 饅頭／馒头 (“steamed bun”).

Chinese steamed bun (without filling); mantou


ᡥᠠᡳᠯᠠᠨ

elm (a tree of the genus Ulmus of the family Ulmaceae)

ᡥᠠᡳᠯᠠᠨ
ᠪᡝ
ᠰᠠᠪᡠᡶᡳ
ᠪᡠᠵᠠᠨ
ᠪᡝ
ᠰᠠᠪᡠᡵᠠᡴᡡ ― hailan be sabufi bujan be saburakū ― cannot see the forest for the trees


tolgin

ᡨᠣᠯᡤᡳᠨ ᡨᠣᠯᡤᡳᠨ#Manchu


ᠪᡠᠯᠠ ᠰᠣᡤᡳ

ᠪᡠᠯᠠ (bula, “thorn”) + ᠰᠣᡤᡳ (sogi, “vegetable”)

com

Spinacia oleracea
Spinacia oleracea#Translingual


ᠪᡠᠯᡠᡴᠠᠨ ᡧᡝᡵᡳ

head

ᠪᡠᠯᡠᡴᠠᠨ
ᡧᡝᡵᡳ • (bulukan šeri)

ᠪᡠᠯᡠᡴᠠᠨ (bulukan, “warm”) + ᡧᡝᡵᡳ (šeri, “spring; fountain”)


ᡥᠠᡳᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠣ

zh-l

海蘭泡／海兰泡 (Hǎilánpāo)

→ Chinese: 海蘭泡／海兰泡 (Hǎilánpāo)

ᡥᠠᡳᠯᠠᠨ (hailan, “elm tree”) + ᠪᠣᠣ (boo, “house”)

com

Blagoveshchensk (a city, the administrative center of Amur Oblast in Siberia, Russia)


sakda

ᠰᠠᡴᡩᠠ ᠰᠠᡴᡩᠠ#Manchu


tasha

ᡨᠠᠰᡥᠠ ᡨᠠᠰᡥᠠ#Manchu


hailan

ᡥᠠᡳᠯᠠᠨ ᡥᠠᡳᠯᠠᠨ#Manchu


nimalan

ᠨᡳᠮᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᡳᠮᠠᠯᠠᠨ#Manchu


ᡶᡳᠯᡳ

ᡶᡳᠯᡳ
ᠨᠠ ― fili na ― solid ground

ᡶᡳᠯᡳ
ᡶᡳᡴᡨᡠ
ᠠᡴᡡ ― fili fiktu akū ― without a solid reason


ᠶᠠᡵᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ

ᡝᡵᡝ
ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠ
ᠶᠠᡵᡤᡳᠶᡡᠨ᠉ ― ere baita yargiyūn. ― Is this thing real?


ᠶᠠᠮᡠᠨ

Borrowed from Chinese 衙門／衙门 (“office; bureau”).


ᡝᡵᡩᡝᠨᡳ

Borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ (erdeni, “precious, gem, jewel”).

bor+

The title granted to the 5th Panchen Lama by the Qing dynasty in 1713, which is inherited by successive Panchen Lamas since then.


ᡯᠠᡳ ᡨᡳᠶᠠᠨ

Borrowed from Mandarin 載湉／载湉 (Zǎi Tián).

zh-l

載湉／载湉 (Zǎi Tián)

Personal name of the Guangxu Emperor, the tenth Emperor of the Qing dynasty.


ᡤᠣᠯᠮᡳᠨ ᡥᡝᠴᡝᠨ

ᡤᠣᠯᠮᡳᠨ (golmin, “long”) + ᡥᡝᠴᡝᠨ (hecen, “city wall”), calque of Chinese 長城／长城 (Chángchéng).


ᡤᡳᡵᡳᠨ

→ Chinese: 吉林 (Jílín)

→ English: Kirin


ᠮᠠᠪᡠ

rag; wiping cloth; dusting cloth; cleaning cloth


ᡨᠠᠮᠠᠮᠪᡳ

tamambi (romanization)
ᡨᠠᠮᠠᠮᠪᡳ (future indicative sentence-final)
ᡨᠠᠮᠠᠮᡝ (future indicative progressive sentence-final)
ᠪᡳ (future indicative progressive sentence-final)
ᡨᠠᠮᠠᡥᠠᠪᡳ (future indicative perfect sentence-final)
ᡨᠠᠮᠠᡥᠠ (indicative past sentence-final)
ᡨᠠᠮᠠᠮᠪᡳᡥᡝ (indicative past progressive sentence-final)
ᡨᠠᠮᠠᠮᠪᡳᡥᡝᠪᡳ (indicative past perfect sentence-final)
ᡨᠠᠮᠠᡵᠠ (future indicative sentence-final)
ᡨᠠᠮᠠᠣ (affirmative interrogative non-past)
ᡨᠠᠮᠠᡵᠠᡴᡡᠨ (interrogative negative non-past perfect)
ᡨᠠᠮᠠᡥᠠᠣ (affirmative interrogative past)
ᡨᠠᠮᠠᡥᠠᡴᡡᠨ (interrogative negative past perfect)
ᡨᠠᠮᠠ (affirmative imperative)
ᡠᠮᡝ (imperative negative perfect)
ᡨᠠᠮᠠᡵᠠ (imperative negative perfect)
ᡨᠠᠮᠠᡴᡳ (affirmative desiderative)
ᡨᠠᠮᠠᡴᡳ (desiderative emphatic perfect)
ᠰᡝᠮᠪᡳ (desiderative emphatic perfect)
ᡨᠠᠮᠠᡴᡳᠨᡳ (affirmative interrogative optative)
ᡨᠠᠮᠠᡴᡳ (affirmative interrogative optative)
ᡨᠠᠮᠠᡵᠠᠣ (emphatic interrogative optative perfect polite)
ᡨᠠᠮᠠᠴᡳᠨᠠ (emphatic interrogative optative perfect polite)
ᡨᠠᠮᠠᠮᡝ (converb infinitive perfect)
ᡨᠠᠮᠠᠮᡝ (converb infinitive progressive)
ᡨᠠᠮᠠᡶᡳ (converb gerund past perfect)
ᡨᠠᠮᠠᡶᡳ (converb gerund past progressive)
ᡨᠠᠮᠠᠴᡳ (conditional converb perfect)
ᡨᠠᠮᠠᠴᡳ (conditional converb progressive)
ᡨᠠᠮᠠᡥᠠᡳ (converb durative perfect)
ᡨᠠᠮᠠᡥᠠᡳ (converb durative progressive)
ᡨᠠᠮᠠᡨᠠᠯᠠ (converb perfect terminative)
ᡨᠠᠮᠠᡨᠠᠯᠠ (converb progressive terminative)
ᡨᠠᠮᠠᡨᠠᡳ (converb instrumental perfect)
ᡨᠠᠮᠠᡨᠠᡳ (converb instrumental progressive)
ᡨᠠᠮᠠᠩᡤᠠᠯᠠ (converb perfect preparative)
ᡨᠠᠮᠠᠩᡤᠠᠯᠠ (converb preparative progressive)
ᡨᠠᠮᠠᠴᡳᠪᡝ (concessive converb perfect)
ᡨᠠᠮᠠᠴᡳᠪᡝ (concessive converb progressive)
ᡨᠠᠮᠠᡵᠠᠯᠠᠮᡝ (adverbial converb perfect)
ᡨᠠᠮᠠᡵᠠᠯᠠᠮᡝ (adverbial converb progressive)
ᡨᠠᠮᠠᡵᠠ (non-past participle)
ᡨᠠᠮᠠᡥᠠ (participle past)
ᡨᠠᠮᠠᡵᠠᡴᡡ (negative non-past participle)
ᡨᠠᠮᠠᡥᠠᡴᡡ (negative participle past)
ᡨᠠᠮᠠᡵᠠᠩᡤᡝ (non-past noun-from-verb participle)
ᡨᠠᠮᠠᡥᠠᠩᡤᡝ (noun-from-verb participle past)


niyalma

ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ#Manchu


bolosu

ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠰᡠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠰᡠ#Manchu


nicuhe

ᠨᡳᠴᡠᡥᡝ ᠨᡳᠴᡠᡥᡝ#Manchu


saksaha

ᠰᠠᡴᠰᠠᡥᠠ ᠰᠠᡴᠰᠠᡥᠠ#Manchu


tubihe

ᡨᡠᠪᡳᡥᡝ ᡨᡠᠪᡳᡥᡝ#Manchu


etuku

ᡝᡨᡠᡴᡠ ᡝᡨᡠᡴᡠ#Manchu


suiha

ᠰᡠᡳᡥᠠ ᠰᡠᡳᡥᠠ#Manchu


abdaha

ᠠᠪᡩᠠᡥᠠ ᠠᠪᡩᠠᡥᠠ#Manchu


taigiyan

ᡨᠠᡳᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᡨᠠᡳᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ#Manchu


niyahan

ᠨᡳᠶᠠᡥᠠᠨ ᠨᡳᠶᠠᡥᠠᠨ#Manchu


umiyaha

ᡠᠮᡳᠶᠠᡥᠠ ᡠᠮᡳᠶᠠᡥᠠ#Manchu


dogon

ᡩᠣᡤᠣᠨ ᡩᠣᡤᠣᠨ#Manchu


hailan boo

ᡥᠠᡳᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠣ
ᡥᠠᡳᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠣ#Manchu

ᡥᠠᡳᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠣ
ᡥᠠᡳᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠣ#Manchu


nikan

ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ#Manchu


akjan

ᠠᡴᠵᠠᠨ ᠠᡴᠵᠠᠨ#Manchu


yamjishūn

ᠶᠠᠮᠵᡳᠰᡥᡡᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠵᡳᠰᡥᡡᠨ#Manchu


yekserhen

ᠶᡝᡴᠰᡝᡵᡥᡝᠨ ᠶᡝᡴᠰᡝᡵᡥᡝᠨ#Manchu


injeku

ᡳᠨᠵᡝᡴᡠ ᡳᠨᠵᡝᡴᡠ#Manchu


ᡩᡠᡴᠠᡳ ᡝᠨᡩᡠᡵᡳ

ᡩᡠᡴᠠᡳ (dukai, “of the door”) + ᡝᠨᡩᡠᡵᡳ (enduri, “god”), literally “god of the door”

com

(Chinese folk religion) door god (Chinese deity thought to protect people from evil spirits)


ᡨᠠᡴᠠ

ᠪᡳ
ᡨᠠᡴᠠ
ᡨᡝᠶᡝᡴᡳ᠉ ― bi taka teyeki. ― I'd like to take a break for the moment.

for the time being; for the moment; temporarily


anakū

ᠠᠨᠠᡴᡡ ᠠᠨᠠᡴᡡ#Manchu


amila

ᠠᠮᡳᠯᠠ ᠠᠮᡳᠯᠠ#Manchu


ᡳᠨᠵᡝᡴᡠ

ᡳᠨᠵᡝᡴᡠ
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ ― injeku gisun ― joke


ᡳᠨᠵᡝᡴᡠ

something to laugh about; laughing stock; punch line


emile

ᡝᠮᡳᠯᡝ ᡝᠮᡳᠯᡝ#Manchu


folho

ᡶᠣᠯᡥᠣ ᡶᠣᠯᡥᠣ#Manchu


ᡤᡡᠸᠠ

head

ᡤᡡᠸᠠ • (gūwa)

From Proto-Tungusic *gia, compare Evenki гэ (gə), Nanai гой (goj).


ᡤᡡᠸᠠ

ᡤᡡᠸᠠ • (gūwa)


beihe

ᠪᡝᡳᡥᡝ ᠪᡝᡳᡥᡝ#Manchu


ᠴᠠᡥᡡ

ᠴᠠᡥᡡ • (cahū)

(offensive) unpleasant woman; shrew; virago; vixen


ᠴᠠᡥᡡ

ᠴᠠᡥᡡ • (cahū)

Borrowed from Chinese 茶壺／茶壶 (cháhú, “teapot”).


erku

ᡝᡵᡴᡠ ᡝᡵᡴᡠ#Manchu


ᡝᡵᡴᡠ

→ Chinese: 厄爾庫城／厄尔库城 (È’ěrkù Chéng)

Borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠡᠷᠬᠦᠦ (Erküü).

ᡝᡵᡴᡝᠣ ᡝᡵᡴᡝᠣ#Manchu

alternative form of ᡝᡵᡴᡝᠣ (erkeo, “Irkutsk”).


ᡝᡵᡴᡠ ᡥᠣᡨᠣᠨ

desc

→ Chinese: 厄爾口城／厄尔口城

→ Chinese: 厄爾口城／厄尔口城

ᡝᡵᡴᡠ (erku, “Irkutsk”) + ᡥᠣᡨᠣᠨ (hoton, “city”)

com

Irkutsk (a city, the administrative center of Irkutsk Oblast, Russia).


ᡥᠠᠯᠪᡳᠨ

(historical) Harbin (a prefecture-level city and subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Heilongjiang, in northeastern China)


hasaha

ᡥᠠᠰᠠᡥᠠ ᡥᠠᠰᠠᡥᠠ#Manchu


simbirsku

ᠰᡳᠮᠪᡳᡵᠰᡴᡠ ᠰᡳᠮᠪᡳᡵᠰᡴᡠ#Manchu


ᡶᠣᠯᡤᡝ

Volga (a major river in Russia, the longest river in Europe)


ᠰᡳᠮᠪᡳᡵᠰᡴᡠ

Borrowed from Russian Симби́рск (Simbírsk).

ᡤᡡᠰᡳᠨ
ᡩᡝ
ᠵᡠᡵᠠᡴᠠ᠈
ᠵᡠᡤᡡᠨ
ᡩᡝ
ᡳᠯᠠᠨ
ᡳᠨᡝᠩᡤᡳ
ᠶᠠᠪᡠᡶᡳ᠈
ᡳᠴᡝ
ᡳᠯᠠᠨ
ᡩᡝ
ᠰᡳᠮᠪᡳᡵᠰᡴᡠ
ᡩᡝ
ᡳᠰᡳᠨᠠᡥᠠ᠉

(We) set out on the 30th day (of October), spent three days on the road. On the 3rd day (of November), (we) arrived at Simbirsk.

gūsin de juraka, jugūn de ilan inenggi yabufi, ice ilan de simbirsku de isinaha.

(historical) Simbirsk (a city, the administrative center of Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia; modern Ulyanovsk).


ᡩᡝᡵᡳ

From Proto-Tungusic *-lii, compare Jurchen [Term?], cognate with Even [script needed] (-dulī), Evenki [script needed] (-dulī), Solon [script needed] (-dulī), Negidal [script needed] (-dulī), Udihe [script needed] (-duli), Oroch [script needed] (-duli).