ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ

desc

→ Chagatai: مَانْجُو

→ Chagatai: مَانْجُو

Uyghur: مانجۇ (manju)

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滿洲／满洲 (Mǎnzhōu)

滿珠／满珠 (Mǎnzhū)

→ Chinese: 滿洲／满洲 (Mǎnzhōu), 滿珠／满珠 (Mǎnzhū)

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ (manǰu)

Mongolian: ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ (manǰu), манж (manž)

→ Tuvan: манчы (mançı)

→ Daur: manj

→ Solon: manji

Unknown.
According to official histories from the Qing dynasty, Nurhaci, a military leader of the Jurchens of Northeast China and founder of what became the Qing dynasty, named his tribe after Sanskrit मञ्जुश्री (mañjuśrī, “Manjushri”) as the Manchus. The name is from मञ्जु (mañju, “gentle”) + श्री (śrī, “glory”). Also compare Chinese 文殊 (Wénshū, “Manjushri”).
Some other theories exist; see 满族 on the Chinese Wikipedia.Wikipedia ᶻʰ


ᡧᡠᠨ

Emperor Shun, legendary ruler of ancient China


ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ

desc

→ Chinese: → 尼堪 (Níkān) (transliteration)

The etymology is "conventionally dismiss[ed] as indecipherable on the basis of available documentation". It was not used in fifteenth-century Jurchen. Speculative suggestions include:
* Related to Classical Mongolian ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ (kitad, “China”).
* Corrupted from Classical Mongolian [script needed] (nanggiyad, “Chinese, Ming Chinese”), from Chinese 南家 (“southern households”).
* Corrupted from unknown element ni- + Chinese 漢／汉 (hàn, “Han Chinese”), perhaps 明漢 (“Ming Han, Han of the Ming dynasty”), as Manchu transcriptions of foreign words sometimes conflate the initial nasals.
* Related to native Manchu verbs such as ᠨᡳᡴᡝᠮᠪᡳ (nikembi, “to lean on, to rely on”) and ᠨᡳᡴᡝᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ (nikebumbi, “to prop up, to support”) with the original meaning of "servant", the meaning of which transferred to "Han Chinese" upon Jurchen/Manchu expansion, during which the conquered Han became subservient to the Manchus. Alexander Vovin considers this sort of semantic shift from a derogatory Proto-Tungusic root most likely, citing Negidal [script needed] (nikan, “Chinese, bandit, robber”), Udihe [script needed] (ningka, “Chinese, laborer, worker”), Oroch [script needed] (n'ingka, “slave, servant”), and other Tungusic forms, and says:
*: "Regardless of the phonetic details, the semantic fit seems to be almost perfect: 'robber, slave, servant'—what could be more offensive to an enemy?"

unk

"conventionally dismiss􂀿ed􂁀 as indecipherable on the basis of available documentation"


ᡤᡝᡤᡝ

→ Chinese: 格格


ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ

From Jurchen  (*moŋgu), from Middle Mongol ᠮᠣᠩᠬᠣᠯ (mongqol).

ᡩᠣᡵᡤᡳ
ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ ― dorgi monggo ― Inner Mongolia

ᡨᡠᠯᡝᡵᡤᡳ
ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ ― tulergi monggo ― Outer Mongolia

(historical) Mongolia (a region of the Qing dynasty)


ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ

ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ
ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ ― monggo hergen ― Mongolian script


ᡳᠰᡠᠰ

Borrowed from Russian Іису́съ (Iisús), from Ancient Greek Ἰησοῦς (Iēsoûs).


ᡩᠠ

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠳᠠ (da)

Mongolian:

Mongolian script: ᠳᠠ (da)

Cyrillic script: даа (daa)

→ Tuvan: даа (daa)

→ Daur: daa

From Jurchen (*da), from Proto-Tungusic *daga (“root”).

ᡤᠠᡧᠠᠨ ᡳ
ᡩᠠ
ᡨᡠᠰᠣᡴᡠᡵᡩᡝᠩᡤᡳ


ᠠᠮᠠ

→ Chinese: 阿瑪／阿玛 (àma)

From Proto-Tungusic *amin, compare Evenki ама (ama), Nanai ама (ama).


ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᠵᡠᡳ

ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ (abkai, “of heaven”) + ᠵᡠᡳ (jui, “child”). Calque of Chinese 天子 (tiānzǐ).


ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠮᠠᠨ

Cannot be related to Evenki ме̄ван (mēwan) and other Tungusic forms reflecting Proto-Tungusic *miańam.
Compare the first syllable of Middle Korean 념통 (nyemthwong, “heart”) (whence Korean 염통 (yeomtong)).


ᠠᡥᡡᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *akin, compare Evenki акин (akin), Even акан (akan), Nanai ага (aga).


ᠣᠮᠣᠯᠣ

From Proto-Tungusic *ome, compare Evenki омолги (omolgi).


ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ ᠵᡠᡳ

Compound of ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ (sargan, “wife”) + ᠵᡠᡳ (jui, “child”), probably a calque of Chinese 女子 (nǚzǐ) or Chinese 女兒／女儿 (nǚ'ér).

ᠠᠮᠠᠯᠠ
ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ
ᡤᠠᡳᡶᡳ
ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ
ᠵᡠᡳ
ᠸᠠᡴᠠ
ᠰᡝᠮᡝ
ᡥᠣᡴᠣᡶᡳ᠈
ᡩᠠᠨᠴᠠᠨ
ᡩᡝ
ᡠᠩᡤᡳᡥᡝᠪᡳ᠉

1708, Lanling Xiaoxiao Sheng, translated by unknown, ᡤᡳᠨ
ᡦᡳᠩ
ᠮᡝᡳ
ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ [gin ping mei bithe, The Plum in the Golden Vase]:

Later on, she was married to a certain man. Then she was repudiated and sent back to her parents' home, because people said she is not a virgin.


ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *ńārabī, from *ńārī; compare Bala 纳莫 (namo), Kyakala 纳莫 (namo), Even няри (ņari), Nanai най (nai).


ᠮᠠᠮᠠ

paternal grandmother
paternal grandmother


ᡠᡥᡠᠮᡝ

paternal aunt (wife of father's younger brother)


ᡝᠴᡳᡴᡝ

paternal uncle (father's younger brother)


ᠶᡝᠶᡝ

From Mandarin 爺爺／爷爷 (yéye, “paternal grandfather”).

bor

paternal grandfather
paternal grandfather


ᡝᡶᡠ

brother-in-law (husband of elder sister)


ᡤᠣᡵᠣ ᠮᠠᡶᠠ

maternal grandfather
maternal grandfather


ᡩᡝᡥᡝᠮᠠ

maternal uncle (husband of mother's younger sister)


ᠮᡝᠶᡝ

brother-in-law (younger sister's husband)

brother-in-law (wife's younger sister's husband)


ᡤᠣᡵᠣ ᠮᠠᠮᠠ

maternal grandmother
maternal grandmother


ᡝᠨᡳᠶᡝ

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額娘／额娘 (éniáng)

→ Chinese: 額娘／额娘 (éniáng)

From Proto-Tungusic *eńe, compare Evenki энин (əņin).


ᡠᠩᡤᡠ ᠮᠠᠮᠠ

paternal grandfather
paternal grandfather#English

great-grandmother (paternal grandfather's mother)


ᡠᠩᡤᡠ ᠮᠠᡶᠠ

great-grandfather (paternal grandfather's father)


ᠠᡤᡝ

(honorific, used to address males of the same seniority) mister; sir; gentleman


ᠠᠮᡠ

paternal aunt (wife of father's elder brother)


ᠨᡝᡴᠴᡠ

maternal aunt (wife of mother's brother)


ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡩᡳ

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ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡩᡳ • (hūwangdi)


ᠰᠠᡴᡩᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *sagda, compare Evenki сагды (sagdi).

ᠰᠠᡴᡩᠠ
ᠠᡤᡠ ― sakda agu ― elder brother


ᠰᠠᡴᡩᠠ

A Manchu nobility clan during Qing Dynasty.


ᡩᠠᡳᡶᡠ

Borrowed from Mandarin 大夫 (dàifu, “doctor”).


ᠨᡝᠴᡝ

sister-in-law (wife of wife's elder brother)


ᠠᠮᠪᡠᠮᠠ

maternal uncle (husband of mother's elder sister)


ᠨᡝᠶᡝ

sister-in-law (wife of wife's younger brother)


ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡥᡝᠣ

ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡥᡝᠣ • (hūwangheo)


ᠪᠠᡧᠠ

ᠪᠠᡧᠠ • (baša)


ᠪᡝᡵᡥᡠ

sister-in-law (husband's younger sister)


ᠠᡥᡡᠩᡤᠠ ᠵᡠᡳ

ᠠᡥᡡᠩᡤᠠ
ᠵᡠᡳ • (ahūngga jui)


ᡤᡠᡶᡠ

paternal uncle (husband of father's elder sister)


ᡤᡝ

brother-in-law (husband's elder brother)


ᡩᠠᠪᡴᡡᡵᡳ ᠣᠮᠣᠯᠣ

ᡩᠠᠪᡴᡡᡵᡳ
ᠣᠮᠣᠯᠣ • (dabkūri omolo)


ᡩᠠᠨᠴᠠᠨ

ᡩᠠᠨᠴᠠᠨ
ᡩᡝ
ᠪᡝᡩᡝᡵᡝᠮᠪᡳ ― dancan de bederembi ― to return to a married woman's parents' home (for a visit)


ᠣᠮᠣᠯᠣ ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ ᠵᡠᡳ

ᠣᠮᠣᠯᠣ ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ ᠵᡠᡳ

ᠣᠮᠣᠯᠣ (omolo, “grandson”) + ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ
ᠵᡠᡳ (sargan jui, “daughter”).


ᡳᠨᠠ ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ ᠵᡠᡳ

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ᡳᠨᠠ ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ ᠵᡠᡳ


ᠵᠠᠯᠠᡥᡳ ᡠᡵᡠᠨ

fraternal nephew's wife (brother's son's wife)


ᠵᠠᠯᠠᡥᡳ ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ ᠵᡠᡳ

ᠵᠠᠯᠠᡥᡳ ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ ᠵᡠᡳ


ᠰᠠᠮᠠᠨ

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薩滿／萨满 (sàmǎn)

→ Chinese: 薩滿／萨满 (sàmǎn)

From Proto-Tungusic *samān (“shaman”), compare Evenki саман (saman) and Nanai сама̄н (samān) etc.


ᠵᡳᠶᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᡡᠨ

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ᠵᡳᠶᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᡡᠨ • (jiyanggiyūn)

Borrowed from Chinese 將軍／将军 (jiāngjūn, “general”).


ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ

ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠ (baita, “extramarital relation”) + ᠶᠠᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ (yabumbi, “to go; to do”)


ᡥᠣᠯᠪᠣᠨ

ᡥᠣᠯᠪᠣᠨ ᡳ
ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠ ― holbon-i baita ― wedding


ᡥᡳᠰᡝ

opera singer; actor (especially performer of Chinese opera)


ᡨᡠᠰᡠᠮᠪᡳ

ᠪᡳ
ᠠᡳᠨᠠᡥᠠ
ᠰᡝᠮᡝ
ᡤᡡᠸᠠ
ᡩᡝ
ᡨᡠᠰᡠᡵᠠᡴᡡ᠉

1848, Pu Songling, translated by Jakdan, Sonjofi ubaliyambuha liyoo zhai zhi i bithe [Selected Short Stories by Liao Zhai in translation]:

I certainly will not get married to anyone else.

(of a woman) to get married; to become married to


ᡠᡳᡤᡠᡵ

Uyghur (a Turkic ethnic group living in northwestern China and southeastern Kazakhstan).


ᠰᡳᠪᡝ

Xibe, a Tungusic ethnic group living in northwestern and northeastern China.


ᡥᠣᡳᠰᡝ

Borrowed from Mandarin 回子 (huízi, “Muslim”).


ᡷᡳᡥᡳᠶᠠᠨ

(historical) head of a county; county magistrate


ᠣᡵᠣᠨᠴᠣ

Oroqen, a Tungusic ethnic group living in northeastern China.


ᠣᠣᡯᡝ

(dated) a Japanese person; Japanese people


ᠣᠯᠵᡳ

From Middle Mongol [script needed] (olža), cognate to modern Mongolian олж (olž, “finding, acquisition”).


ᠠᡵᠠᡥᠠ ᠠᠮᠠ

Compound of ᠠᡵᠠᡥᠠ (araha, past participle of ᠠᡵᠠᠮᠪᡳ (arambi, “to make”)) + ᠠᠮᠠ (ama, “father”), literally “father who is made (to be father)”.


ᠠᡵᠠᡥᠠ ᡝᠨᡳᠶᡝ

Compound of ᠠᡵᠠᡥᠠ (araha, past participle of ᠠᡵᠠᠮᠪᡳ (arambi, “to make”)) + ᡝᠨᡳᠶᡝ (eniye, “mother”), literally “mother who is made (to be mother)”.


ᠪᡝᡳᠯᡝ

→ Chagatai:

→ Uyghur:

Arabic script: بېلى (bëli)

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠪᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡ (beyile)

Mongolian:

Mongolian script: ᠪᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡ (beyile)

Cyrillic script: бэйл (bejl)

→ Tuvan: бээли (beeli)

→ Mandarin: 貝勒／贝勒 (bèile)

Inherited from Jurchen  (*bə[ɡ]i-lə, “commander, chieftain”), which has been recorded in Chinese sources as 勃極烈 (bójíliè) and 孛堇 (bójǐn).

inh+

beile (noble title of the Jurchens and later the Manchus)


ᠰᡝᠵᡝᠰᡳ

ᠰᡝᠵᡝ᠊ (seje-, “cart; land wheeled vehicle”) + ᠊ᠰᡳ (-si)


ᡶᡠᡩᡝᡥᡝ ᠵᠠᡴᠠ

From ᡶᡠᡩᡝᡥᡝ (fudehe, past participle of ᡶᡠᡩᡝᠮᠪᡳ (fudembi, “to present a gift”)) + ᠵᠠᡴᠠ (jaka, “thing; stuff”).


ᡝᠯᠴᡳᠨ

From Proto-Mongolic, compare Mongolian элч (elč).


ᠨᡳᠮᠠᡥᠠ ᠪᡠᡨᠠᡵᠠ ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ

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ᠨᡳᠮᠠᡥᠠ
ᠪᡠᡨᠠᡵᠠ
ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ • (nimaha butara niyalma)

en-ᠨᡳᠮᠠᡥᠠ_ᠪᡠᡨᠠᡵᠠ_ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ-mnc-noun-2ozHkJBV