ᠯᠣᡥᠣ

# From Jurchen, from Proto-Tungusic *loxa.
# Presumably cognate with Evenki лукучнӯн (lukuçnūn, “sword”, North Baikal), also found in other Tungusic languages of the south, but these may be Manchu loans. Compare Nanai лохон (loxon), Negidal лохон (loxon), Udihe ло̄ (lō).


ᠨᡳᡵᡠ

→ Mandarin: 牛彔 (niúlù)

desctree

→ Mongolian: ᠰᠤᠮᠤ (sumu) (calque)
→ Buryat: сомон (somon)
→ Russian: сомон (somon)
→ English: somon
→ English: sum
→ Mandarin: 蘇木 /苏木 (sūmù)
→ English: sumu
→ Tuvan: сумон (sumon)
→ Russian: сумон (sumon)
→ English: sumon

From Proto-Tungusic *ńure, compare Evenki нюр (ņur).

(historical) basic unit of a Banner army


ᡧᠠᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *sian, compare Evenki се̄н (sēn) and Nanai сиан (sian).

flash pan (a small receptacle for priming powder, found next to the touch hole on muzzle-loading guns)


ᠰᠠᠪᡴᠠ

Mongolian: савх (savx)

→ Nivkh: чафӄ (ț’afq)

→ Ainu: サㇵカ (sahka)

Inherited from Proto-Tungusic *sarpukī (“chopstick”).


ᠰᡝᠯᡝ

From Proto-Tungusic *sele, compare Evenki сэлэ (sələ), Nanai сэлэ (sele).


ᡨᡝᡳᡧᡠᠨ

head

ᡨᡝᡳᡧᡠᠨ • (teišun)


ᡨᠣᡥᠣᠯᠣᠨ

From Proto-Mongolic, compare Mongolian тугалга (tugalga).


ᡨᠣᡥᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠮᡠᡴᡝ

ᡨᠣᡥᠣᠯᠣᠨ (toholon, “tin”) + ᠮᡠᡴᡝ (muke, “water”).


ᡬᠠᠨ

Borrowed from Mandarin 鋼 /钢 (gāng, “steel”).


ᠠᠨᠠᡴᡡ

head

ᠠᠨᠠᡴᡡ • (anakū)

ᠠᠨᠠ᠊ (ana-, “to push”) + ᠊ᡴᡡ (-kū). Cognate with Nanai анако (anako).

ᠠᠨᠠᡴᡡ
ᠠᡵᠠᠮᠪᡳ ― anakū arambi ― to make an excuse


ᡶᠣᠯᡥᠣ

folho (romanization)
ᡶᠣᠯᡤᠣ (alternative)

# From Proto-Tungusic *palụka, compare Evenki халка (halka), Nanai палоа (paloa).
# From Proto-Mongolic *haluka or its ancestor, possibly of Indo-European origin. Compare Mongolian алх (alx, “hammer”), Kazakh балға (balğa, “hammer”), Sanskrit परशु (paraśu, “axe”), Ancient Greek πέλεκυς (pélekus, “axe”), Russian палка (palka, “stick”).


ᠶᠠᡨᡠᡥᠠᠨ

Compare Mongolian ятга (jatga, “yatga”).


ᡶᡳᠴᠠᡴᡡ

ᡶᡳᠴᠠᡴᡡ • (ficakū)

xiao (a vertical, notched, end-blown bamboo flute)


ᠪᡳᠯᡝᡵᡳ

zh-l

篳篥／筚篥 (bìlì)

suona (traditional Chinese woodwind instrument)


ᡨᡝᠩᡤᡝᡵᡳ

sanxian (a three-stringed fretless Chinese instrument)


ᡥᡝᡨᡠ ᡶᡳᠴᠠᡴᡡ

head

ᡥᡝᡨᡠ
ᡶᡳᠴᠠᡴᡡ • (hetu ficakū)

dizi (a transverse flute with a buzzing membrane)


ᡤᡝᡵᡝᠨ ᡶᡳᠯᠠ

yunluo (a set of tuned flat gongs in a frame, played with a stick)


ᡨᠣᡴᠰᡳᡨᡠ

wooden fish (a wooden percussion instrument)


ᠵᡠᠸᡝᡵᡤᡝ

a plucked string instrument with two strings


ᠣᠩᡤᠣᠴᠣᠨ

[ɔŋ.ŋɔ.t͡ʃʰɔn]


ᡨᠠᡨᡠᡥᠠᠨ

sihu (a bowed string instrument with two pairs of strings)


ᠪᠠᡴᠰᠠᠩᡤᠠ ᡶᡳᠴᠠᡴᡡ

ᠪᠠᡴᠰᠠᠩᡤᠠ
ᡶᡳᠴᠠᡴᡡ • (baksangga ficakū)

sheng (a Chinese mouth-blown free-reed instrument consisting of vertical pipes)


ᠴᠠᡵᡴᡳ

Manchu clapper (a percussion instrument made from several pieces of wood)


ᡧᡝᡨᡠᡥᡝᠨ

ᡧᡝᡨᡠᡥᡝᠨ • (šetuhen)

se, an ancient Chinese plucked string instrument


ᠰᡳᡥᠠᡴᡡ

ᠰᡳᡥᠠᡴᡡ • (sihakū)

a vertical bamboo wind instrument with nine holes (similar to guan)


ᠠᡳᠰᡳᠨ

→ Nanai: айсин (ajsin)

Possibly the continuation of a dialectal form whose original pronunciation could have been *[añcün]. Cognate with Jurchen antʃu-un (“gold”), whence Manchu ᠠᠨᠴᡠᠨ (ancun, “earring”). Compare Proto-Turkic *altun (“gold”), Mongolian ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ (altan, “gold”).


ᠮᡳᠶᠣᠣᠴᠠᠨ

→ Nanai: миоча̄н (miočān)

Borrowed from Mandarin 鳥槍 /鸟枪 (niǎoqiāng).


ᠮᠠᠪᡠ

rag; wiping cloth; dusting cloth; cleaning cloth


ᠴᠠᡥᡡ

head

ᠴᠠᡥᡡ • (cahū)

(offensive) unpleasant woman; shrew; virago; vixen


ᡨᠠᡨᠠᡴᡡ

ᡨᠠᡨᠠᡴᡡ • (tatakū)

ᡨᠠᡨᠠ᠊ (tata-, “to pull, draw”) + ᠊ᡴᡡ (-kū)


ᠵᡠᡧᡠᡵᡠ

head

ᠵᡠᡧᡠᡵᡠ • (jušuru)

rule; ruler (measuring or drawing device)

chi; Chinese foot (a traditional Chinese unit of distance)


ᠠᠵᡳᡤᡝ ᠮᡳᠶᠣᠣᠴᠠᠨ

From ᠠᠵᡳᡤᡝ (ajige, “small”) + ᠮᡳᠶᠣᠣᠴᠠᠨ (miyoocan, “musket”), literally “small musket”.


ᠴᠣᡵᠣᠨ

hujia, a kind of reed pipe adopted by the Chinese from nomadic peoples of Central Asia


ᠮᠠᠯᡠ

bottle for any kind of alcoholic beverage (often a large one)


ᠯᠠᠪᠠ

Borrowed from Chinese 喇叭 (lǎba), from Mongolian ᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ (labai, “sea shell; conch”).