ᠯᠣᡥᠣ

# From Jurchen, from Proto-Tungusic *loxa.
# Presumably cognate with Evenki лукучнӯн (lukuçnūn, “sword”, North Baikal), also found in other Tungusic languages of the south, but these may be Manchu loans. Compare Nanai лохон (loxon), Negidal лохон (loxon), Udihe ло̄ (lō).


ᠨᡳᡵᡠ

→ Mandarin: 牛彔 (niúlù)

desctree

→ Mongolian: ᠰᠤᠮᠤ (sumu) (calque)
→ Buryat: сомон (somon)
→ Russian: сомон (somon)
→ English: somon
→ English: sum
→ Mandarin: 蘇木／苏木 (sūmù)
→ English: sumu
→ Tuvan: сумон (sumon)
→ Russian: сумон (sumon)
→ English: sumon

From Proto-Tungusic *ńure, compare Evenki нюр (ņur).

(historical) basic unit of a Banner army


(full stop/period); marks the end of a sentence.


ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠵᡳᠶᠣᠣ

head

ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠵᡳᠶᠣᠣ • (hūwajiyoo)

Sichuan pepper; prickly ash (species in the genus Zanthoxylum)


ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᠵᡠᡳ

ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ (abkai, “of heaven”) + ᠵᡠᡳ (jui, “child”). Calque of Chinese 天子.


ᠠᡵᡴᡳ

→ Nivkh: арак (arak)

From Proto-Tungusic *arakïï (“alcohol”). Compare Evenki аракӣ (arakī), Negidal ajaxïï, Ulch арақи̇ (araqï), Orok арақи̇ (araqï), Nanai арақи̇ (araqï). Also akin to Mongolian архи (arxi). Ultimate origin is from Arabic عَرَقْ (ʕaraq, “alcohol”).


ᡠᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᡠᡩᠠ

ᡠᠶᠠᠨ (uyan, “dilute”) + ᠪᡠᡩᠠ (buda, “rice”)

congee; a type of thick rice porridge or soup


ᡧᠠᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *sian, compare Evenki се̄н (sēn) and Nanai сиан (sian).

flash pan (a small receptacle for priming powder, found next to the touch hole on muzzle-loading guns)


ᠮᡳᠰᡠᠨ

Likely a direct loan from Old Korean. Compare Middle Korean 며주〮 (myècwú, “block of fermented beans”) (whence Korean 메주 (meju)). Compare also Japanese 味噌 (miso, “miso”).


ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡩᡳ

head

ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡩᡳ • (hūwangdi)


ᡩᠠᡳᡶᡠ

Borrowed from Mandarin 大夫 (dàifu, “doctor”).


ᠵᡳᠶᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᡡᠨ

ᠵᡳᠶᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᡡᠨ • (jiyanggiyūn)

Borrowed from Chinese 將軍／将军 (jiāngjūn, “general”).


ᠮᡳᠶᠣᠣᠴᠠᠨ

→ Nanai: миоча̄н (miočān)

Borrowed from Mandarin 鳥槍／鸟枪 (niǎoqiāng).


ᡧᡠ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ

head

ᡧᡠ
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ • (šu gisun)

ᡧᡠ (šu, “writing”) + ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ (gisun, “language”).

compound

literary genre; literary style; literary form


ᡧᡠ

ᡧᡠ
ᡶᡳᠶᡝᠯᡝᠨ ― šu fiyelen ― literary work

writing; literary composition; literature


ᡥᡳᠰᡝ

opera singer; actor (especially performer of Chinese opera)


ᠰᡝᡵᡴᡳᠨ

Xibe: ᠰᡝᠷᡣᡞᠨ (serkin)


ᠵᡝᠮᡦᡳᠨ

jianbing (thin, fried egg Chinese pancake similar to a crepe); flatbread; fried pancake


ᠪᡠᡩᠠ

From Proto-Mongolic *budaxan, ultimately from Proto-Turkic [Term?]. Compare Turkish buğday (“wheat”), Mongolian ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭ
ᠠ (budag a, “grain; meal”).


ᠠᠵᡳᡤᡝ ᠮᡳᠶᠣᠣᠴᠠᠨ

From ᠠᠵᡳᡤᡝ (ajige, “small”) + ᠮᡳᠶᠣᠣᠴᠠᠨ (miyoocan, “musket”), literally “small musket”.


ᠵᡳᠵᡠᠨ

ᠵᡳᠵᡠ᠊ (jiju-, “to write; to draw”) + ᠊ᠨ (-n)

affix

stroke of a Chinese character; stroke of a Manchu script


ᠣᠯᠵᡳ

From Middle Mongol [script needed] (olža), cognate to modern Mongolian олж (olž, “finding, acquisition”).


ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ

oljilambi (romanization)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ (future indicative sentence-final)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᠮᡝ (future indicative progressive sentence-final)
ᠪᡳ (future indicative progressive sentence-final)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡥᠠᠪᡳ (future indicative perfect sentence-final)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡥᠠ (indicative past sentence-final)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳᡥᡝ (indicative past progressive sentence-final)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳᡥᡝᠪᡳ (indicative past perfect sentence-final)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡵᠠ (future indicative sentence-final)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᠣ (affirmative interrogative non-past)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡵᠠᡴᡡᠨ (interrogative negative non-past perfect)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡥᠠᠣ (affirmative interrogative past)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡥᠠᡴᡡᠨ (interrogative negative past perfect)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠ (affirmative imperative)
ᡠᠮᡝ (imperative negative perfect)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡵᠠ (imperative negative perfect)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡴᡳ (affirmative desiderative)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡴᡳ (desiderative emphatic perfect)
ᠰᡝᠮᠪᡳ (desiderative emphatic perfect)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡴᡳᠨᡳ (affirmative interrogative optative)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡴᡳ (affirmative interrogative optative)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡵᠠᠣ (emphatic interrogative optative perfect polite)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᠴᡳᠨᠠ (emphatic interrogative optative perfect polite)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᠮᡝ (converb infinitive perfect)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᠮᡝ (converb infinitive progressive)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡶᡳ (converb gerund past perfect)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡶᡳ (converb gerund past progressive)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᠴᡳ (conditional converb perfect)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᠴᡳ (conditional converb progressive)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡥᠠᡳ (converb durative perfect)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡥᠠᡳ (converb durative progressive)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡨᠠᠯᠠ (converb perfect terminative)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡨᠠᠯᠠ (converb progressive terminative)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡨᠠᡳ (converb instrumental perfect)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡨᠠᡳ (converb instrumental progressive)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᠩᡤᠠᠯᠠ (converb perfect preparative)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᠩᡤᠠᠯᠠ (converb preparative progressive)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᠴᡳᠪᡝ (concessive converb perfect)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᠴᡳᠪᡝ (concessive converb progressive)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡵᠠᠯᠠᠮᡝ (adverbial converb perfect)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡵᠠᠯᠠᠮᡝ (adverbial converb progressive)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡵᠠ (non-past participle)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡥᠠ (participle past)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡵᠠᡴᡡ (negative non-past participle)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡥᠠᡴᡡ (negative participle past)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡵᠠᠩᡤᡝ (non-past noun-from-verb participle)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡥᠠᠩᡤᡝ (noun-from-verb participle past)

ᠣᠯᠵᡳ᠊ (olji-, “prisoner of war; spoils of war”) + ᠊ᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ (-lambi)


ᡨᠠᡨᠠᡵᠠ ᠪᠣᠣ

Compound of ᡨᠠᡨᠠᡵᠠ (tatara, non-past participle of ᡨᠠᡨᠠᠮᠪᡳ (tatambi, “to stay the night”)) + ᠪᠣᠣ (boo, “house”).


ᡶᡠᡵᡤᡳᠰᡠ

From ᡶᡠᡵᡤᡳ᠊ (furgi-, “spicy”) + ᠊ᠰᡠ (-su).