ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ

ᠮᡠᠰᡝᡳ
ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠮᠠᠩᡤᠠ
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ
ᠠᡳᡴᠠ
ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ
ᠨᡳᠣ᠉
musei niyamangga gisun aika nikan gisun nio.
How can our native language be Chinese?

ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ
ᠪᡝ
ᡨᠠᠴᡳᡵᡝᠩᡤᡝ
ᡠᠮᡝᠰᡳ
ᠠᠮᡨᠠᠩᡤᠠ᠉
manju gisun be tacirengge umesi amtangga.
It's quite interesting to learn Manchu.


ᡨᠠᠴᡳᡴᡡ

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ᡨᠠᠴᡳᡴᡡ • (tacikū)

From ᡨᠠᠴᡳ᠊ (taci-, “to study”) + ᠊ᡴᡡ (-kū).


ᠮᠣᡵᡳᠨ

From Jurchen muri, 木力 (mu-li /muri/), from Proto-Tungusic *murin. Cognate with Oroqen mʊrɪn, Evenki мурин (murin), Even мурон (muron) and Solon moring. Also connected with the Korean ᄆᆞᆯ (“horse”).

ᠮᠣᡵᡳᠨ
ᡝᡵᡳᠨ ― morin erin ― 11:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m

(astrology) seventh earthly branch: horse in the Chinese zodiac, 5th solar month


ᡤᡝᡤᡝ

→ Chinese: 格格


ᡩᠣᡵᡤᡳ ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠ ᠪᡝ ᡠᡥᡝᡵᡳ ᡴᠠᡩᠠᠯᠠᡵᠠ ᠶᠠᠮᡠᠨ

ᡩᠣᡵᡤᡳ
ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠ
ᠪᡝ
ᡠᡥᡝᡵᡳ
ᡴᠠᡩᠠᠯᠠᡵᠠ
ᠶᠠᠮᡠᠨ • (dorgi baita be uheri kadalara yamun)

dorgi baita be uheri kadalara yamun (romanization)

(historical) Imperial Household Department; an institution of the Qing dynasty that managed the internal affairs of the Qing imperial family.

en-ᡩᠣᡵᡤᡳ_ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠ_ᠪᡝ_ᡠᡥᡝᡵᡳ_ᡴᠠᡩᠠᠯᠠᡵᠠ_ᠶᠠᠮᡠᠨ-mnc-name-4WCsgslN


ᠯᠠᠮᠠ

Borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠯᠠᠮᠠ (lama), from Classical Tibetan བླ་མ (bla ma).


ᠯᠣᡥᠣ

# From Jurchen, from Proto-Tungusic *loxa.
# Presumably cognate with Evenki лукучнӯн (lukuçnūn, “sword”, North Baikal), also found in other Tungusic languages of the south, but these may be Manchu loans. Compare Nanai лохон (loxon), Negidal лохон (loxon), Udihe ло̄ (lō).


ᡳᠰᡠᠰ ᡥᡝᡵᡳᠰᡨᠣᠰ

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^ᡳᠰᡠᠰ ^ᡥᡝᡵᡳᠰᡨᠣᠰ

Borrowed from Russian Іису́съ Хрісто́съ (Iisús Xristós).

bor

Іису́съ Хрісто́съ


ᡳᠰᡠᠰ

Borrowed from Russian Іису́съ (Iisús), from Ancient Greek Ἰησοῦς (Iēsoûs).


ᠨᡳᡵᡠ

→ Mandarin: 牛彔 (niúlù)

desctree

→ Mongolian: ᠰᠤᠮᠤ (sumu) (calque)
→ Buryat: сомон (somon)
→ Russian: сомон (somon)
→ English: somon
→ English: sum
→ Mandarin: 蘇木／苏木 (sūmù)
→ English: sumu
→ Tuvan: сумон (sumon)
→ Russian: сумон (sumon)
→ English: sumon

From Proto-Tungusic *ńure, compare Evenki нюр (ņur).

(historical) basic unit of a Banner army


(linguistics) Used at the start or end of an isolated lexeme to denote that it is orthographically attached to a stem.


ᡥᠣᡨᠣᠨ

A widespread Inner Asian Wanderwort; compare Mongolian хот (xot, “town”) and Ainu コタン (kotan, “village”).


ᠠᠮᠠ

→ Chinese: 阿瑪／阿玛 (àma)

From Proto-Tungusic *amin, compare Evenki ама (ama), Nanai ама (ama).


ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᠵᡠᡳ

ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ (abkai, “of heaven”) + ᠵᡠᡳ (jui, “child”). Calque of Chinese 天子 (tiānzǐ).


ᡳᡵᡤᡝᠨ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ

ᡳᡵᡤᡝᠨ (irgen, “common people”) + ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (gurun, “country; state”). Calque of Chinese 民國／民国 (mínguó).


ᠪᠣᠣ

ᠪᠣᠣᡳ
ᡩᠣᠯᠣ
ᡝᠮᡠ
ᡥᡝᡥᡝ
ᠵᡳᠩ
ᡥᡳᠶᠠᠩ
ᠰᡝᠮᡝ
ᡴᠠᡳᠴᠠᠮᡝ
ᡩᠠᠩᠰᡳᠮᡝ
ᠪᡳ᠉

1802, Yihing, 庸言知旨/An i gisun de amtan be sara bithe:

There is a woman shouting rebukes inside the house.

booi dolo emu hehe jing hiyang seme kaicame dangsime bi.


ᡳᡥᠠᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *ïkan (“bull”). Cognate with Nanai ихан (ihan), Negidal ихан (ïxan), Oroch иха (ixa).

ᡳᡥᠠᠨ
ᡝᡵᡳᠨ ― ihan erin ― 1:00 a.m. to 3:00 a.m

(astrology) second earthly branch: ox in the Chinese zodiac, 12th solar month


ᡧᠠᠨ

From Proto-Tungusic *sian, compare Evenki се̄н (sēn) and Nanai сиан (sian).

flash pan (a small receptacle for priming powder, found next to the touch hole on muzzle-loading guns)


ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ ᠵᡠᡳ

Compound of ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ (sargan, “wife”) + ᠵᡠᡳ (jui, “child”), probably a calque of Chinese 女子 (nǚzǐ) or Chinese 女兒／女儿 (nǚ'ér).

ᠠᠮᠠᠯᠠ
ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ
ᡤᠠᡳᡶᡳ
ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ
ᠵᡠᡳ
ᠸᠠᡴᠠ
ᠰᡝᠮᡝ
ᡥᠣᡴᠣᡶᡳ᠈
ᡩᠠᠨᠴᠠᠨ
ᡩᡝ
ᡠᠩᡤᡳᡥᡝᠪᡳ᠉

1708, Lanling Xiaoxiao Sheng, translated by unknown, ᡤᡳᠨ
ᡦᡳᠩ
ᠮᡝᡳ
ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ [gin ping mei bithe, The Plum in the Golden Vase]:

Later on, she was married to a certain man. Then she was repudiated and sent back to her parents' home, because people said she is not a virgin.


ᡝᠨᡳᠶᡝ

zh-l

額娘／额娘 (éniáng)

→ Chinese: 額娘／额娘 (éniáng)

From Proto-Tungusic *eńe, compare Evenki энин (əņin).


ᠠᡤᡝ

(honorific, used to address males of the same seniority) mister; sir; gentleman


ᠰᠠᠪᡴᠠ

Mongolian: савх (savx)

→ Nivkh: чафӄ (ț’afq)

→ Ainu: サㇵカ (sahka)

Inherited from Proto-Tungusic *sarpukī (“chopstick”).


ᠪᠣᠨᡳᠣ

Cognate with Manchu ᠮᠣᠨᡳᠣ (monio, “monkey”).

ᠪᠣᠨᡳᠣ
ᡝᡵᡳᠨ ― bonio erin ― 3:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m

(astrology) ninth earthly branch: monkey of the Chinese zodiac, 7th month of the Chinese calendar


ᡶᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *page, compare Nanai пава (pawa).


ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡩᡳ

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ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡩᡳ • (hūwangdi)


ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡥᡝᠣ

ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡥᡝᠣ • (hūwangheo)


ᠪᠠᡧᠠ

ᠪᠠᡧᠠ • (baša)


ᠪᡝᡵᡥᡠ

sister-in-law (husband's younger sister)

sister-in-law (wife of wife's younger brother)


ᡤᡝ

brother-in-law (husband's elder brother)


ᡩᠠᠨᠴᠠᠨ

ᡩᠠᠨᠴᠠᠨ
ᡩᡝ
ᠪᡝᡩᡝᡵᡝᠮᠪᡳ ― dancan de bederembi ― to return to a married woman's parents' home (for a visit)


ᡳᠨᠠ ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ ᠵᡠᡳ

ᡳᠨᠠ ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ ᠵᡠᡳ


ᠵᠠᠯᠠᡥᡳ ᡠᡵᡠᠨ

fraternal nephew's wife (brother's son's wife)


ᠵᠠᠯᠠᡥᡳ ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ ᠵᡠᡳ

ᠵᠠᠯᠠᡥᡳ ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ ᠵᡠᡳ


ᡶᡳᠴᠠᡴᡡ

ᡶᡳᠴᠠᡴᡡ • (ficakū)

xiao (a vertical, notched, end-blown bamboo flute)


ᡨᡝᠩᡤᡝᡵᡳ

sanxian (a three-stringed fretless Chinese instrument)


ᠶᠠᡨᡠᡥᠠᠨ

Compare Mongolian ятга (jatga, “yatga”).


ᡨᠣᡴᠰᡳᡨᡠ

wooden fish (a wooden percussion instrument)


ᠪᡳᠯᡝᡵᡳ

zh-l

篳篥／筚篥 (bìlì)

suona (traditional Chinese woodwind instrument)


ᡥᡝᡨᡠ ᡶᡳᠴᠠᡴᡡ

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ᡥᡝᡨᡠ
ᡶᡳᠴᠠᡴᡡ • (hetu ficakū)

dizi (a transverse flute with a buzzing membrane)


ᡤᡝᡵᡝᠨ ᡶᡳᠯᠠ

yunluo (a set of tuned flat gongs in a frame, played with a stick)


ᠵᡠᠸᡝᡵᡤᡝ

a plucked string instrument with two strings


ᠣᠩᡤᠣᠴᠣᠨ

[ɔŋ.ŋɔ.t͡ʃʰɔn]


ᡨᠠᡨᡠᡥᠠᠨ

sihu (a bowed string instrument with two pairs of strings)


ᡧᡝᡨᡠᡥᡝᠨ

ᡧᡝᡨᡠᡥᡝᠨ • (šetuhen)

se, an ancient Chinese plucked string instrument


ᠴᠠᡵᡴᡳ

Manchu clapper (a percussion instrument made from several pieces of wood)


ᠪᠠᡴᠰᠠᠩᡤᠠ ᡶᡳᠴᠠᡴᡡ

ᠪᠠᡴᠰᠠᠩᡤᠠ
ᡶᡳᠴᠠᡴᡡ • (baksangga ficakū)

sheng (a Chinese mouth-blown free-reed instrument consisting of vertical pipes)


ᠰᠠᠮᠠᠨ

zh-l

薩滿／萨满 (sàmǎn)

→ Chinese: 薩滿／萨满 (sàmǎn)

From Proto-Tungusic *samān (“shaman”), compare Evenki саман (saman) and Nanai сама̄н (samān) etc.


ᡥᡠᠸᡝᡧᡝᠨ

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ᡥᡠᠸᡝᡧᡝᠨ • (huwešen)


ᡥᡡᠸᠠᡧᠠᠨ

ᡥᡡᠸᠠᡧᠠᠨ • (hūwašan)

ᡥᡡᠸᠠᡧᠠ᠊ (hūwaša-, “to make progress”) + ᠊ᠨ (-n), literally “the one who makes progress (in ascetic practices)”


ᡶᡠᠴᡳᡥᡳ

From Jurchen  (*fut͡ʃiçi), from Proto-Koreanic *Pwutukye; see there for more.


ᠵᡳᠶᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᡡᠨ

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ᠵᡳᠶᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᡡᠨ • (jiyanggiyūn)

Borrowed from Chinese 將軍／将军 (jiāngjūn, “general”).


ᠰᡳᡥᠠᡴᡡ

ᠰᡳᡥᠠᡴᡡ • (sihakū)

a vertical bamboo wind instrument with nine holes (similar to guan)


ᡤᡝᡵᡠᡩᡝᡳ

Ablauted from ᡤᠠᡵᡠᡩᠠᡳ (garudai) for feminine semantics.


ᡤᠠᡵᡠᡩᠠᡳ

Ultimately from Sanskrit गरुड (garuḍa) via Mongolic.


ᡶᡠ

outside wall; wall surrounding a courtyard


ᠮᡳᠶᠣᠣᠴᠠᠨ

→ Nanai: миоча̄н (miočān)

Borrowed from Mandarin 鳥槍／鸟枪 (niǎoqiāng).


ᡩᡠᡴᠠᡳ ᡝᠨᡩᡠᡵᡳ

ᡩᡠᡴᠠᡳ (dukai, “of the door”) + ᡝᠨᡩᡠᡵᡳ (enduri, “god”), literally “god of the door”

com

(Chinese folk religion) door god (Chinese deity thought to protect people from evil spirits)


ᡩᠣᡵᡤᡳ ᠶᠠᠮᡠᠨ

ᡩᠣᡵᡤᡳ (dorgi, “internal”) + ᠶᠠᠮᡠᠨ (yamun, “bureau”)

(historical) Grand Secretariat (in the Qing dynasty)


ᡨᠠᠴᡳᠮᠪᡳ

to learn; to study; to acquire knowledge


ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ

ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠ (baita, “extramarital relation”) + ᠶᠠᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ (yabumbi, “to go; to do”)


ᡨᠠᠴᡳᠮᠰᡳ

(historical) student of the National Imperial Academy (Guozijian)


ᡥᠣᠯᠪᠣᠨ

ᡥᠣᠯᠪᠣᠨ ᡳ
ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠ ― holbon-i baita ― wedding


ᠵᡠᠸᠠᠨ ᠵᡠᠸᡝ ᡤᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ

ᠵᡠᠸᠠᠨ
ᠵᡠᠸᡝ (juwan juwe, “twelve”) + ᡤᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ (gargan, “branch”). Calque of Chinese 十二支 (shí'èrzhī).


ᡶᡠᠨ

(numismatics) 0.01 yuan (or dollar, etc.); cent


ᡧᡠ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ

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ᡧᡠ
ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ • (šu gisun)

ᡧᡠ (šu, “writing”) + ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ (gisun, “language”).

compound

literary genre; literary style; literary form


ᡧᡠ

ᡧᡠ
ᡤᡝᠩᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨ ― šu genggiyen ― civilization

ᡧᡠ
ᡶᡳᠶᡝᠯᡝᠨ ― šu fiyelen ― literary work

writing; literary composition; literature


ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ

ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ (abkai, “of heaven”) + ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (gurun, “kingdom”).


ᠪᡳᡵᡝᡤᡝᠨ

(historical) Willow Palisade (a system of ditches and embankments planted with willows intended to restrict movement into Manchuria, built by the Qing dynasty during the later 17th century)


ᠪᡳᡴᠴᡠ

Borrowed from Sanskrit भिक्षुणी (bhikṣuṇī).


ᡨᡠᠰᡠᠮᠪᡳ

ᠪᡳ
ᠠᡳᠨᠠᡥᠠ
ᠰᡝᠮᡝ
ᡤᡡᠸᠠ
ᡩᡝ
ᡨᡠᠰᡠᡵᠠᡴᡡ᠉

1848, Pu Songling, translated by Jakdan, Sonjofi ubaliyambuha liyoo zhai zhi i bithe [Selected Short Stories by Liao Zhai in translation]:

I certainly will not get married to anyone else.

(of a woman) to get married; to become married to


ᡨᠠᡨᠠᡴᡡ

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ᡨᠠᡨᠠᡴᡡ • (tatakū)

ᡨᠠᡨᠠ᠊ (tata-, “to pull, draw”) + ᠊ᡴᡡ (-kū)


ᡩᠠᠰᠠᠨ

ᡩᠠᠰᠠᠨ ᡳ
ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠ ― dasan-i baita ― governmental affair


ᡩᠠᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᡠᠨ

ᡩᠠᠰᠠᠨ (dasan, “politics”) + ᠶᠠᠮᡠᠨ (yamun, “office”)


ᡩᠠᠰᠠᠮᠪᡳ

dasambi (romanization)
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᠮᠪᡳ (future indicative sentence-final)
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᠮᡝ (future indicative progressive sentence-final)
ᠪᡳ (future indicative progressive sentence-final)
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᡥᠠᠪᡳ (future indicative perfect sentence-final)
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᡥᠠ (indicative past sentence-final)
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᠮᠪᡳᡥᡝ (indicative past progressive sentence-final)
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᠮᠪᡳᡥᡝᠪᡳ (indicative past perfect sentence-final)
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᡵᠠ (future indicative sentence-final)
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᠣ (affirmative interrogative non-past)
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᡵᠠᡴᡡᠨ (interrogative negative non-past perfect)
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᡥᠠᠣ (affirmative interrogative past)
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᡥᠠᡴᡡᠨ (interrogative negative past perfect)
ᡩᠠᠰᠠ (affirmative imperative)
ᡠᠮᡝ (imperative negative perfect)
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᡵᠠ (imperative negative perfect)
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᡴᡳ (affirmative desiderative)
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᡴᡳ (desiderative emphatic perfect)
ᠰᡝᠮᠪᡳ (desiderative emphatic perfect)
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᡴᡳᠨᡳ (affirmative interrogative optative)
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᡴᡳ (affirmative interrogative optative)
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᡵᠠᠣ (emphatic interrogative optative perfect polite)
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᠴᡳᠨᠠ (emphatic interrogative optative perfect polite)
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᠮᡝ (converb infinitive perfect)
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᠮᡝ (converb infinitive progressive)
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᡶᡳ (converb gerund past perfect)
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᡶᡳ (converb gerund past progressive)
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᠴᡳ (conditional converb perfect)
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᠴᡳ (conditional converb progressive)
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᡥᠠᡳ (converb durative perfect)
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᡥᠠᡳ (converb durative progressive)
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᡨᠠᠯᠠ (converb perfect terminative)
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᡨᠠᠯᠠ (converb progressive terminative)
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᡨᠠᡳ (converb instrumental perfect)
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᡨᠠᡳ (converb instrumental progressive)
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᠩᡤᠠᠯᠠ (converb perfect preparative)
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᠩᡤᠠᠯᠠ (converb preparative progressive)
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᠴᡳᠪᡝ (concessive converb perfect)
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᠴᡳᠪᡝ (concessive converb progressive)
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᡵᠠᠯᠠᠮᡝ (adverbial converb perfect)
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᡵᠠᠯᠠᠮᡝ (adverbial converb progressive)
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᡵᠠ (non-past participle)
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᡥᠠ (participle past)
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᡵᠠᡴᡡ (negative non-past participle)
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᡥᠠᡴᡡ (negative participle past)
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᡵᠠᠩᡤᡝ (non-past noun-from-verb participle)
ᡩᠠᠰᠠᡥᠠᠩᡤᡝ (noun-from-verb participle past)

Probably related to Mongolian ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ (ǰasaqu, “to fix, repair”). Compare also Turkish yasamak (“to shape”).


ᡥᡝᡵᡳᠰᡨᠣᠰ

Borrowed from Russian Христо́с (Xristós).

ᡨᡠᡨᡨᡠ
ᠣᡶᡳ᠈
ᠠᡳᡴᠠ
ᠰᡠᠸᡝᠨᡩᡝ
ᡥᡝᡵᡳᠰᡨᠣᠰ
ᠪᡳᡤᠠᠨ
ᡩᡝ
ᠪᡳ
ᠰᡝᠮᡝ
ᡥᡝᠨᡩᡠᡵᡝᠩᡤᡝ
ᠪᡳᠴᡳ᠈
ᠰᡠᠸᡝ
ᡠᠮᡝ
ᡨᡠᠴᡳᡵᡝ᠈
ᡨᡝᡵᡝ
ᠪᠣᠣ
ᡩᠣᠯᠣ
ᠪᡳ
ᠰᡝᠮᡝ
ᡥᡝᠨᡩᡠᡵᡝᠩᡤᡝ
ᠪᡳᠴᡳ᠈
ᡠᠮᡝ
ᠠᡴᡩᠠᡵᠠ᠉

1835, S. V. Lipovtsov, transl., Musei ejen isus heristos i tutabuha ice hese [The New Testament of Our Lord Jesus Christ]:

Wherefore if they shall say unto you, Behold, he (Christ) is in the desert; go not forth: behold, he is in the secret chambers; believe it not.

tuttu ofi, aika suwende heristos bigan de bi seme hendurengge bici, suwe ume tucire, tere boo dolo bi seme hendurengge bici, ume akdara.

(Christianity) Christ (a title given to Jesus of Nazareth)


ᡦᠣᠣ

ᡦᠣᠣ ᡳ
ᡴᠠᡵᠠᠨ ― poo-i karan ― barbette

ᡦᠣᠣ ᡳ
ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ ― poo-i niyalma ― artilleryman


ᠰᡝᡵᡴᡳᠨ

Xibe: ᠰᡝᠷᡣᡞᠨ (serkin)


ᡵᠠᡴᡧᠠ

head

ᡵᠠᡴᡧᠠ • (rakša)

Borrowed from Sanskrit राक्षस (rākṣasa).


ᠠᠵᡳᡤᡝ ᠮᡳᠶᠣᠣᠴᠠᠨ

From ᠠᠵᡳᡤᡝ (ajige, “small”) + ᠮᡳᠶᠣᠣᠴᠠᠨ (miyoocan, “musket”), literally “small musket”.


ᡥᡡᠪᠠᡵᠠᡴ

head

ᡥᡡᠪᠠᡵᠠᡴ • (hūbarak)


ᡥᡡᠪᡳᠯᡤᠠᠨ

ᡥᡡᠪᡳᠯᡤᠠᠨ • (hūbilgan)


ᡡᡵᡝᠨ

ᡡᡵᡝᠨ • (ūren)

icon or statue of the Shakyamuni Buddha, or other venerated buddhas and boddhisatvas

any icon or statue depicting a god, saint, or immortal


ᡧᡳᡯᡠᠩ

(specifically) the temple name used by the Yongzheng Emperor (Yinzhen) of the Qing dynasty


ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᠮᠪᡳ

ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᠮᠪᡳ • (habšambi)

habšambi (romanization)
ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᠮᠪᡳ (future indicative sentence-final)
ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᠮᡝ (future indicative progressive sentence-final)
ᠪᡳ (future indicative progressive sentence-final)
ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᡥᠠᠪᡳ (future indicative perfect sentence-final)
ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᡥᠠ (indicative past sentence-final)
ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᠮᠪᡳᡥᡝ (indicative past progressive sentence-final)
ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᠮᠪᡳᡥᡝᠪᡳ (indicative past perfect sentence-final)
ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᡵᠠ (future indicative sentence-final)
ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᠣ (affirmative interrogative non-past)
ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᡵᠠᡴᡡᠨ (interrogative negative non-past perfect)
ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᡥᠠᠣ (affirmative interrogative past)
ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᡥᠠᡴᡡᠨ (interrogative negative past perfect)
ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠ (affirmative imperative)
ᡠᠮᡝ (imperative negative perfect)
ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᡵᠠ (imperative negative perfect)
ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᡴᡳ (affirmative desiderative)
ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᡴᡳ (desiderative emphatic perfect)
ᠰᡝᠮᠪᡳ (desiderative emphatic perfect)
ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᡴᡳᠨᡳ (affirmative interrogative optative)
ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᡴᡳ (affirmative interrogative optative)
ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᡵᠠᠣ (emphatic interrogative optative perfect polite)
ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᠴᡳᠨᠠ (emphatic interrogative optative perfect polite)
ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᠮᡝ (converb infinitive perfect)
ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᠮᡝ (converb infinitive progressive)
ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᡶᡳ (converb gerund past perfect)
ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᡶᡳ (converb gerund past progressive)
ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᠴᡳ (conditional converb perfect)
ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᠴᡳ (conditional converb progressive)
ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᡥᠠᡳ (converb durative perfect)
ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᡥᠠᡳ (converb durative progressive)
ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᡨᠠᠯᠠ (converb perfect terminative)
ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᡨᠠᠯᠠ (converb progressive terminative)
ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᡨᠠᡳ (converb instrumental perfect)
ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᡨᠠᡳ (converb instrumental progressive)
ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᠩᡤᠠᠯᠠ (converb perfect preparative)
ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᠩᡤᠠᠯᠠ (converb preparative progressive)
ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᠴᡳᠪᡝ (concessive converb perfect)
ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᠴᡳᠪᡝ (concessive converb progressive)
ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᡵᠠᠯᠠᠮᡝ (adverbial converb perfect)
ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᡵᠠᠯᠠᠮᡝ (adverbial converb progressive)
ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᡵᠠ (non-past participle)
ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᡥᠠ (participle past)
ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᡵᠠᡴᡡ (negative non-past participle)
ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᡥᠠᡴᡡ (negative participle past)
ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᡵᠠᠩᡤᡝ (non-past noun-from-verb participle)
ᡥᠠᠪᡧᠠᡥᠠᠩᡤᡝ (noun-from-verb participle past)

(law) to file a lawsuit; to sue; to appeal a judicial case


ᡥᡡᡩᠠ

ᡥᡡᡩᠠ • (hūda)

→ Äynu: hatta (“market”)

From Proto-Tungusic *xuda-. Compare Nanai хода (hoda, “price”). Probably related to Mongolian худалдах (xudaldax, “to trade”).

cog

ᡥᡡᡩᠠᡳ
ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ ― hūdai niyalma ― businessperson

price; amount of money needed to pay for something


ᠣᠯᠵᡳ

From Middle Mongol [script needed] (olža), cognate to modern Mongolian олж (olž, “finding, acquisition”).


ᡰᡳᠨᡯᡠᠩ

(specifically) the temple name used for the Jiaqing Emperor (Yongyan) of the Qing dynasty


ᠪᠣᡩᡳᠰᠠᡨᡠ

From Classical Mongolian [script needed] (bodisadu), ultimately from Sanskrit बोधिसत्त्व (bodhisattva).

bor

bodhisattva (Buddhist figures of compassion)


ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ

oljilambi (romanization)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ (future indicative sentence-final)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᠮᡝ (future indicative progressive sentence-final)
ᠪᡳ (future indicative progressive sentence-final)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡥᠠᠪᡳ (future indicative perfect sentence-final)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡥᠠ (indicative past sentence-final)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳᡥᡝ (indicative past progressive sentence-final)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳᡥᡝᠪᡳ (indicative past perfect sentence-final)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡵᠠ (future indicative sentence-final)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᠣ (affirmative interrogative non-past)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡵᠠᡴᡡᠨ (interrogative negative non-past perfect)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡥᠠᠣ (affirmative interrogative past)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡥᠠᡴᡡᠨ (interrogative negative past perfect)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠ (affirmative imperative)
ᡠᠮᡝ (imperative negative perfect)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡵᠠ (imperative negative perfect)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡴᡳ (affirmative desiderative)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡴᡳ (desiderative emphatic perfect)
ᠰᡝᠮᠪᡳ (desiderative emphatic perfect)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡴᡳᠨᡳ (affirmative interrogative optative)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡴᡳ (affirmative interrogative optative)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡵᠠᠣ (emphatic interrogative optative perfect polite)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᠴᡳᠨᠠ (emphatic interrogative optative perfect polite)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᠮᡝ (converb infinitive perfect)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᠮᡝ (converb infinitive progressive)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡶᡳ (converb gerund past perfect)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡶᡳ (converb gerund past progressive)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᠴᡳ (conditional converb perfect)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᠴᡳ (conditional converb progressive)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡥᠠᡳ (converb durative perfect)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡥᠠᡳ (converb durative progressive)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡨᠠᠯᠠ (converb perfect terminative)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡨᠠᠯᠠ (converb progressive terminative)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡨᠠᡳ (converb instrumental perfect)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡨᠠᡳ (converb instrumental progressive)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᠩᡤᠠᠯᠠ (converb perfect preparative)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᠩᡤᠠᠯᠠ (converb preparative progressive)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᠴᡳᠪᡝ (concessive converb perfect)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᠴᡳᠪᡝ (concessive converb progressive)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡵᠠᠯᠠᠮᡝ (adverbial converb perfect)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡵᠠᠯᠠᠮᡝ (adverbial converb progressive)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡵᠠ (non-past participle)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡥᠠ (participle past)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡵᠠᡴᡡ (negative non-past participle)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡥᠠᡴᡡ (negative participle past)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡵᠠᠩᡤᡝ (non-past noun-from-verb participle)
ᠣᠯᠵᡳᠯᠠᡥᠠᠩᡤᡝ (noun-from-verb participle past)

ᠣᠯᠵᡳ᠊ (olji-, “prisoner of war; spoils of war”) + ᠊ᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ (-lambi)


ᠠᡵᠠᡥᠠ ᠠᠮᠠ

Compound of ᠠᡵᠠᡥᠠ (araha, past participle of ᠠᡵᠠᠮᠪᡳ (arambi, “to make”)) + ᠠᠮᠠ (ama, “father”), literally “father who is made (to be father)”.


ᠠᡵᠠᡥᠠ ᡝᠨᡳᠶᡝ

Compound of ᠠᡵᠠᡥᠠ (araha, past participle of ᠠᡵᠠᠮᠪᡳ (arambi, “to make”)) + ᡝᠨᡳᠶᡝ (eniye, “mother”), literally “mother who is made (to be mother)”.


ᠴᠣᡵᠣᠨ

hujia, a kind of reed pipe adopted by the Chinese from nomadic peoples of Central Asia


ᡨᠠᡨᠠᡵᠠ ᠪᠣᠣ

Compound of ᡨᠠᡨᠠᡵᠠ (tatara, non-past participle of ᡨᠠᡨᠠᠮᠪᡳ (tatambi, “to stay the night”)) + ᠪᠣᠣ (boo, “house”).


ᠪᡝᡳᠯᡝ

→ Chagatai:

→ Uyghur:

Arabic script: بېلى (bëli)

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠪᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡ (beyile)

Mongolian:

Mongolian script: ᠪᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡ (beyile)

Cyrillic script: бэйл (bejl)

→ Tuvan: бээли (beeli)

→ Mandarin: 貝勒／贝勒 (bèile)

Inherited from Jurchen  (*bə[ɡ]i-lə, “commander, chieftain”), which has been recorded in Chinese sources as 勃極烈 (bójíliè) and 孛堇 (bójǐn).

inh+

beile (noble title of the Jurchens and later the Manchus)


ᠮᠠᡩᠠᡤᠠᠨ

(finance) interest (on mortgages or savings)

(accounting, economics) profit (excess of revenue over cost)


ᡡᠯᡝᠨ

head

ᡡᠯᡝᠨ • (ūlen)


ᡥᠠᡵᡤᠠᡧᠠᠨ

ᡥᠠᡵᡤᠠᡧᠠᠨ • (hargašan)

ᡥᠠᡵᡤᠠᡧᠠ᠊ (hargaša-, “to look up”) + ᠊ᠨ (-n)

affix

royal court; imperial court; imperial government


ᡨᠣᡴᡨᠣᡥᠣ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ

From ᡨᠣᡴᡨᠣᡥᠣ (toktoho, “fixed”) + ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ (gisun, “words”), literally “fixed words”.

com

idiomatic expression; set phrase; chengyu


ᠯᠠᠪᠠ

Borrowed from Chinese 喇叭 (lǎba), from Mongolian ᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ (labai, “sea shell; conch”).


ᠨᡳᡵᡠᡤᠠᠨ

From ᠨᡳᡵᡠ᠊ (niru-, “to draw”) + ᠊ᡤᠠᠨ (-gan).


ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᡥᡝᠨ

ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝ᠊ (jukte-, “to consecrate”) + ᠊ᡥᡝᠨ (-hen).


ᡦᡠᠰᠠ

From Chinese 菩薩／菩萨 (púsà, “bodhisattva”), ultimately from Sanskrit बोधिसत्त्व (bodhisattva), whence Manchu ᠪᠣᡩᡳᠰᠠᡨᡠ (bodisatu, “bodhisattva”).


ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᠮᠪᡳ

juktembi (romanization)
ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᠮᠪᡳ (future indicative sentence-final)
ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᠮᡝ (future indicative progressive sentence-final)
ᠪᡳ (future indicative progressive sentence-final)
ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᡥᡝᠪᡳ (future indicative perfect sentence-final)
ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᡥᡝ (indicative past sentence-final)
ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᠮᠪᡳᡥᡝ (indicative past progressive sentence-final)
ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᠮᠪᡳᡥᡝᠪᡳ (indicative past perfect sentence-final)
ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᡵᡝ (future indicative sentence-final)
ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᠣ (affirmative interrogative non-past)
ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᡵᠠᡴᡡᠨ (interrogative negative non-past perfect)
ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᡥᡝᠣ (affirmative interrogative past)
ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᡥᠠᡴᡡᠨ (interrogative negative past perfect)
ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝ (affirmative imperative)
ᡠᠮᡝ (imperative negative perfect)
ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᡵᡝ (imperative negative perfect)
ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᡴᡳ (affirmative desiderative)
ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᡴᡳ (desiderative emphatic perfect)
ᠰᡝᠮᠪᡳ (desiderative emphatic perfect)
ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᡴᡳᠨᡳ (affirmative interrogative optative)
ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᡴᡳ (affirmative interrogative optative)
ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᡵᡝᠣ (emphatic interrogative optative perfect polite)
ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᠴᡳᠨᠠ (emphatic interrogative optative perfect polite)
ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᠮᡝ (converb infinitive perfect)
ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᠮᡝ (converb infinitive progressive)
ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᡶᡳ (converb gerund past perfect)
ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᡶᡳ (converb gerund past progressive)
ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᠴᡳ (conditional converb perfect)
ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᠴᡳ (conditional converb progressive)
ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᡥᡝᡳ (converb durative perfect)
ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᡥᡝᡳ (converb durative progressive)
ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᡨᡝᠯᡝ (converb perfect terminative)
ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᡨᡝᠯᡝ (converb progressive terminative)
ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᡨᡝᡳ (converb instrumental perfect)
ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᡨᡝᡳ (converb instrumental progressive)
ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᠩᡤᡝᠯᡝ (converb perfect preparative)
ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᠩᡤᡝᠯᡝ (converb preparative progressive)
ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᠴᡳᠪᡝ (concessive converb perfect)
ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᠴᡳᠪᡝ (concessive converb progressive)
ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᡵᡝᠯᠠᠮᡝ (adverbial converb perfect)
ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᡵᡝᠯᠠᠮᡝ (adverbial converb progressive)
ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᡵᡝ (non-past participle)
ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᡥᡝ (participle past)
ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᡵᠠᡴᡡ (negative non-past participle)
ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᡥᠠᡴᡡ (negative participle past)
ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᡵᡝᠩᡤᡝ (non-past noun-from-verb participle)
ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᡥᡝᠩᡤᡝ (noun-from-verb participle past)


ᡧᠣᡤᡝ

head

ᡧᠣᡤᡝ • (šoge)

(historical, numismatics) sycee; yuanbao (various gold and silver ingots used as currency in imperial China)


ᡨᡝᡵᡴᡳᠨ

ᡨᡝᡵᡴᡳ᠊ (terki-, “to jump; to leap”) + ᠊ᠨ (-n)

affix

terrace in front of a main hall, with stairs on three of its sides


ᡶᡠᡩᡝᡥᡝ ᠵᠠᡴᠠ

From ᡶᡠᡩᡝᡥᡝ (fudehe, past participle of ᡶᡠᡩᡝᠮᠪᡳ (fudembi, “to present a gift”)) + ᠵᠠᡴᠠ (jaka, “thing; stuff”).


ᡥᡝᠯᠮᡝᡶᡳᠨ

Borrowed from Xibe [script needed] (helmefin), analyzable as ᡥᡝᠯᠮᡝᠨ (helmen, “shadow”) + ᡝᡶᡳᠨ (efin, “game”).