ᡥᠠᡵᠪᡳᠨ

→ English: Harbin

→ Chinese: 哈爾濱／哈尔滨 (Hā'ěrbīn)

The Official Guidebook of China, Beijing: China Travel and Tourism Press, 1982, →ISBN, page 186: “Harbin used to be a fishing village and its name, in Manchu dialect, means drying fishnets. Unlike most of China, it has a very short history. Harbin was incorporated as a town in 1898.”

Harbin (a prefecture-level city and subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Heilongjiang, in northeastern China)


ᡝᡵᠴᡳᠰ

desc

→ Chinese: 額爾齊斯／额尔齐斯 (É'ěrqísī)

→ Chinese: 額爾齊斯／额尔齐斯 (É'ěrqísī)

Borrowed from Mongolian ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠰ (erčis), from Written Oirat ᡄᠷᡔᡅᠰ (ercis).

Irtysh (a river in China, Kazakhstan and Russia)


ᠪᡝᡤᡳᠩ

Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)

Provinces – ᡤᠣᠯᠣ: ᠠᠨᡥᡡᡳ · ᡶᡠᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ · ᡤᡠᠸᠠᠩᡩᡠᠩ · ᡤᠠᠨᠰᡠ · ᡤᡠᡳᠵᡝᠣ · ᡥᠣᠨᠠᠨ · ᡥᡡᠪᡝ · ᡥᠣᠪᡝ · ᡥᠠᡳᠨᠠᠨ · ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨᡠᠯᠠ · ᡥᡡᠨᠠᠨ · ᡤᡳᡵᡳᠨ · ᡤᡳᠶᠠᠩᠰᡠ · ᡤᡳᠶᠠᠩᠰᡳ · ᠯᡳᠶᠣᡠᠨᡳᠩ · ᡥᡠᡥᡠᠨᠣᠣᡵ · ᠰᠶᠴᡠᠸᠠᠨ · ᡧᠠᠨᡩᡠᠩ · ᡧᠠᠨᠰᡳ · ᠰᠠᠨᠰᡳ · ᡨᠠᡳᠸᠠᠨ · ᠶᡡᠨᠨᠠᠨ · ᠵᡝᡤᡳᠶᠠᠩ

Autonomous regions – ᠪᡝᠶᡝᡩᠠᠰᠠᠩᡤᠠᡤᠣᠯᠣ: ᡤᡠᠸᠠᠩᠰᡳ · ᡩᠣᡵᡤᡳᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ · ᠨᡳᠩᡥᡳᠠ · ᠸᠠᡵᡤᡳᡩᡯᠠᠩ · ᡳᠴᡝᠵᡝᠴᡝᠨ

Municipalities – ᡥᠣᡨᠣᠨ: ᠪᡝᡤᡳᠩ · ᡨᡳᠶᠠᠨᠵᡳᠨ · ᡧᠠᠩᡥᠠᡳ · ᠴᡠᠩᡴᡳᠩ


ᠸᠠᡵᡤᡳ ᡯᠠᠩ

ᠸᠠᡵᡤᡳ (wargi, “western”) + ᡯᠠᠩ (dzang). Phono-semantic matching of Tibetan དབུས་གཙང (dbus gtsang).


ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᡠᠯᠠ

ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ (sahaliyan, “black”) + ᡠᠯᠠ (ula, “river”), literally “black river”.


ᡧᠠᠨᠰᡳ

head

ᡧᠠᠨᠰᡳ • (šansi)


ᡧᠠᠨᡩᡠᠩ

ᡧᠠᠨᡩᡠᠩ • (šandung)


ᡤᡠᠸᠠᠩᠰᡳ

zh-l

廣西／广西 (Guǎngxī)


ᡨᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᡳᠨ

Tianjin (a direct-administered municipality and major city in northern China)


ᠴᡝᠩ ᡩᡠ

Chengdu (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Sichuan, in southwestern China)


ᠮᡠᡴᡩᡝᠨ

Shenyang (a prefecture-level city and subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Liaoning, China)


ᠨᡳᠩᡤᡠᡨᠠ

寧古塔／宁古塔 (Nínggǔtǎ)

→ Chinese: 寧古塔／宁古塔 (Nínggǔtǎ)

→ English: Ningguta

→ Russian: Нингута (Ninguta)

desc

Нюлгуцкой город

→ Russian: Нюлгуцкой город (Njulguckoj gorod)

(historical) Ningguta, a region of the Qing dynasty


ᡳᠴᡝ ᠵᡝᠴᡝᠨ

[i.t͡ʃʰə.t͡ʃə.t͡ʃʰən]

ᡳᠴᡝ (ice, “new”) + ᠵᡝᠴᡝᠨ (jecen, “border; frontier”), literally “new frontier”. Compare semantically Chinese 新疆 (Xīnjiāng).

com

(historical) Xinjiang (a province of China)

Xinjiang (an autonomous region of China)


ᡷᠶᠯᡳ

(historical) Zhili (a province in northern China; modern Hebei)


ᡥᡡᠨᠠᠨ

head

ᡥᡡᠨᠠᠨ • (hūnan)


ᡠᡵᡠᠮᠴᡳ

desc

→ Chinese: 烏魯木齊／乌鲁木齐 (Wūlǔmùqí)

→ Chinese: 烏魯木齊／乌鲁木齐 (Wūlǔmùqí)

Borrowed from Written Oirat ᡇᠷᡇᡏᡔᡅ (urumci), from Chagatai اورُمجی (ūrumǧī /ürümči/).

bor+

Ürümqi (a prefecture-level city, the capital of Xinjiang, China)


ᡥᡠᡥᡠ ᠨᠣᠣᡵ

Compound of ᡥᡠᡥᡠ (huhu, “blue”) + ᠨᠣᠣᡵ (noor, “lake”). From Classical Mongolian ᠬᠥᠬᠡ
ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ (köke naɣur, literally “blue sea”).

der

Qinghai Lake (a lake in China), the largest lake in China.


ᡥᡡᠪᡝ

head

ᡥᡡᠪᡝ • (hūbe)


ᡤᡳᡵᡳᠨ

→ Chinese: 吉林 (Jílín)

→ English: Kirin


ᡥᠠᠯᠪᡳᠨ

(historical) Harbin (a prefecture-level city and subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Heilongjiang, in northeastern China)


ᠴᡳᠴᡳᡥᠠᡵ

zh-l

齊齊哈爾／齐齐哈尔 (Qíqíhā'ěr)

→ Chinese: 齊齊哈爾／齐齐哈尔 (Qíqíhā'ěr)

→ English: Qiqihar

Qiqihar (a prefecture-level city in Heilongjiang, China)


ᠴᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ

Qapqal (an autonomous county of Ili prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


ᠠᠨ ᡥᡡᡳ

head

ᠠᠨ
ᡥᡡᡳ • (an hūi)


ᠪᠠᡨᠠᠩ

Borrowed from Chinese 巴塘 (Bātáng), from Tibetan འབའ་ཐང ('ba' thang).

Batang (a county of Garzê prefecture, Sichuan, China)


ᡯᡠᠨ ᡥᡡᠸᠠ

ᡯᡠᠨ
ᡥᡡᠸᠠ • (dzun hūwa)


ᡷᡳᠯᡳ

(historical) Zhili (a former province of China, covering present-day Hebei)


ᡥᡠᠯᡠᠨ ᠪᡠᡳᡵ

desc

→ Chinese: → 呼倫貝爾／呼伦贝尔 (Hūlúnbèi'ěr) (transliteration)

Borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠬᠥᠯᠦᠨ
ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠷ (kölün buyir).

bor+

Hulunbuir (a prefecture-level city in Inner Mongolia, China)


ᡥᡠᡥᡠ ᡥᠣᡨᠣᠨ

Compound of ᡥᡠᡥᡠ (huhu, “blue”) + ᡥᠣᡨᠣᠨ (hoton, “city”), literally “blue city”. From Classical Mongolian ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠬᠣᠲᠠ (kökeqota).

com

Hohhot (the capital city of Inner Mongolia, China)


ᡥᡠᠨᠴᡠᠨ

desc

→ Chinese: 琿春／珲春 (Húnchūn) (Mandarin transcription)

→ English: Huncun (transliteration)

Hunchun (a county-level city in Yanbian prefecture, Jilin, China)


ᡠ ᡥᡡ

head

ᡠ
ᡥᡡ • (u hū)


ᠠᠯᠴᡠᡴᠠ

zh-l

阿勒楚喀 (Ālèchǔkā)

→ Chinese: 阿勒楚喀 (Ālèchǔkā)

(historical) Alcuka (a city in Heilongjiang, China; modern Acheng)


ᠶᡝᡵᡴᡳᠮ

Yarkant (a county of Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


ᡨᡠᠩᠵᡝᠣ

[tʰuŋ.t͡ʃəɔ]

Tongzhou District
w:Tongzhou District, Beijing

(historical) Tong Prefecture (a city in Beijing, China; modern Tongzhou District)


ᡴᡠᡳᡨᡠᠨ

From Written Oirat ᡍᡉᡕᡅᡐᡇᠨ (küyitun, “cold”).


ᠠᡳᡥᡡᠨ

head

ᠠᡳᡥᡡᠨ • (aihūn)

(historical) (1685-1900) Aigun (a town in Aihui district, Heihe, Heilongjiang, China)


ᡶᡠᠩ ᡨᡳᠶᠠᠨ

(historical) Fengtian (a former province of China, covering present-day Liaoning)


ᡶᡠᡵᡩᠠᠨ

→ Chinese: 富爾丹／富尔丹

ᡥᠣᡨᠣᠨ ᡥᠣᡨᠣᠨ#Manchu

(⁓ ᡥᠣᡨᠣᠨ) (historical) Furdan (a former settlement in Jilin, China)


ᠰᠠᡳᠨ ᡥᠣᠯᠣ ᡶᡠᡵᡩᠠᠨ

Compound of ᠰᠠᡳᠨ (sain, “excellent”) + ᡥᠣᠯᠣ (holo, “valley”) + ᡶᡠᡵᡩᠠᠨ (furdan, “pass”), calque of Chinese 嘉峪關／嘉峪关 (Jiāyùguān).


ᠵᠠᡴᠠ ᡶᡠᡵᡩᠠᠨ

Zhaka Pass (a pass in Xinbin, Fushun, Liaoning, China)


ᡤᡳᡵᡳᠨ ᡠᠯᠠ

A compound of ᡤᡳᡵᡳᠨ (girin, “region”) + ᡠᠯᠠ (ula, ”river”). Literally “the region along a river”.


ᡤᡳᠶᠠᠩᠨᠠᠨ

Jiangnan (a region of China, south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River)


ᠶᡡᠨ ᠨᠠᠨ

head

ᠶᡡᠨ
ᠨᠠᠨ • (yūn nan)