ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ

ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ (dulimbai, “middle”) + ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (gurun, “country”). Calque of Chinese 中國／中国 (Zhōngguó, “Middle Kingdom”).


ᠠᠯᡳᠨ

滿洲實錄 第一卷
ᡨᡝᡵᡝ
ᠠᠯᡳᠨ
ᠴᡳ
ᡨᡠᠴᡳᡴᡝᠩᡤᡝ
ᠶᠠᠯᡠ᠈
ᡥᡡᠨᡨᡠᠩ᠈
ᠠᡳᡥᡠ
ᠰᡝᡵᡝ
ᡳᠯᠠᠨ
ᡤᡳᠶᠠᠩ
tere alin ci tucikengge yalu, hūntung, aihu sere ilan giyang
Coming out of that mountain are three rivers: Yalu, Hūntung, and Aihu.


ᡥᠠᡵᠪᡳᠨ

→ English: Harbin

→ Chinese: 哈爾濱／哈尔滨 (Hā'ěrbīn)

The Official Guidebook of China, Beijing: China Travel and Tourism Press, 1982, →ISBN, page 186: “Harbin used to be a fishing village and its name, in Manchu dialect, means drying fishnets. Unlike most of China, it has a very short history. Harbin was incorporated as a town in 1898.”

Harbin (a prefecture-level city and subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Heilongjiang, in northeastern China)


ᡝᡵᠴᡳᠰ

desc

→ Chinese: 額爾齊斯／额尔齐斯 (É'ěrqísī)

→ Chinese: 額爾齊斯／额尔齐斯 (É'ěrqísī)

Borrowed from Mongolian ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠰ (erčis), from Written Oirat ᡄᠷᡔᡅᠰ (ercis).

Irtysh (a river in China, Kazakhstan and Russia)


ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ

Inherited from Jurchen  (*moŋgu), from Middle Mongol ᠮᠣᠩᠬᠣᠯ (mongqol).


ᠪᠠᡳᡥᠠᠯ

→ Chinese: 栢海兒／栢海儿 (Bǎihǎi'ér)

Baikal (a lake in Russia), the deepest lake in the world.


ᠣᡵᡤᠣᠨ

→ Chinese: 鄂爾渾／鄂尔浑, 鄂尔浑 (È’ěrhún)

→ Chinese: 鄂爾渾／鄂尔浑, 鄂尔浑 (È’ěrhún)


ᠰᡝᠯᡝᠩᡤᡝ

→ Chinese: 色楞額／色楞额, 色楞格 (Sèlénggé) (via Mandarin)

Borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠰᠡᠯᠡᠩᠭᠡ (Selengge).

bor+

ᠪᡳᡵᠠ
ᠰᡝᠯᡝᠩᡤᡝ ᠪᡳᡵᠠ#Manchu

(~ ᠪᡳᡵᠠ) Selenga (a river in Mongolia and Russia, flows into Baikal Lake)


ᡤᠠᡧᠠᠨ

head

ᡤᠠᡧᠠᠨ • (gašan)

Borrowed from Middle Mongol [Term?]. Compare Mongolian гацаан (gacaan, oblique of гацаа (gacaa, “village”)).

nc

oblique of <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="mn">гацаа</i> (gacaa, “village”)

ᡤᠠᡧᠠᠨ ᡳ
ᡩᠠ
ᡨᡠᠰᠣᡴᡠᡵᡩᡝᠩᡤᡳ

1775, 『カラフトナヨロ惣乙名文書』第二文書 北海道大学付属図書館蔵 乾隆四十年三月二十日 [Karafuto Nayoro Documents, No.2 Document (in Manchu language)]:

ᠮᡳᠨᡳ
ᡝᠮᡠ
ᡶᡝ
ᡤᡠᠴᡠ
ᠪᡳᡶᡳ᠈
ᠠᠮᠪᠠᠨ ᡳ
ᡝᠮᡤᡳ
ᡝᠮᡠ
ᡤᠠᡧᠠᠨ
ᡩᡝ
ᡨᡝᠮᠪᡳ᠉

1848, Pu Songling, translated by Jakdan, Sonjofi ubaliyambuha liyoo zhai zhi i bithe [Selected Short Stories by Liao Zhai in translation]:

An old friend of mine lives in a village together with the adults.

mini emu fe gucu bifi, amban-i emgi emu gašan de tembi.


ᠪᡝᡤᡳᠩ

Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)

Provinces – ᡤᠣᠯᠣ: ᠠᠨᡥᡡᡳ · ᡶᡠᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ · ᡤᡠᠸᠠᠩᡩᡠᠩ · ᡤᠠᠨᠰᡠ · ᡤᡠᡳᠵᡝᠣ · ᡥᠣᠨᠠᠨ · ᡥᡡᠪᡝ · ᡥᠣᠪᡝ · ᡥᠠᡳᠨᠠᠨ · ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨᡠᠯᠠ · ᡥᡡᠨᠠᠨ · ᡤᡳᡵᡳᠨ · ᡤᡳᠶᠠᠩᠰᡠ · ᡤᡳᠶᠠᠩᠰᡳ · ᠯᡳᠶᠣᡠᠨᡳᠩ · ᡥᡠᡥᡠᠨᠣᠣᡵ · ᠰᠶᠴᡠᠸᠠᠨ · ᡧᠠᠨᡩᡠᠩ · ᡧᠠᠨᠰᡳ · ᠰᠠᠨᠰᡳ · ᡨᠠᡳᠸᠠᠨ · ᠶᡡᠨᠨᠠᠨ · ᠵᡝᡤᡳᠶᠠᠩ

Autonomous regions – ᠪᡝᠶᡝᡩᠠᠰᠠᠩᡤᠠᡤᠣᠯᠣ: ᡤᡠᠸᠠᠩᠰᡳ · ᡩᠣᡵᡤᡳᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ · ᠨᡳᠩᡥᡳᠠ · ᠸᠠᡵᡤᡳᡩᡯᠠᠩ · ᡳᠴᡝᠵᡝᠴᡝᠨ

Municipalities – ᡥᠣᡨᠣᠨ: ᠪᡝᡤᡳᠩ · ᡨᡳᠶᠠᠨᠵᡳᠨ · ᡧᠠᠩᡥᠠᡳ · ᠴᡠᠩᡴᡳᠩ


ᠠᡳ᠇ᡠᡥᠠᠨ

zh-l

愛烏罕／爱乌罕 (Àiwūhǎn)

→ Chinese: 愛烏罕／爱乌罕 (Àiwūhǎn)

Afghanistan (A landlocked country between Central Asia and South Asia)


ᡴᡠᠰᡠᡤᡝᠯ ᠨᠣᠣᡵ

Borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠬᠥᠪᠰᠦᠭᠥᠯ
ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ (köbsügöl naɣur).

bor

ᠬᠥᠪᠰᠦᠭᠥᠯ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ

Khövsgöl Nuur (a lake in Khövsgöl, Mongolia), the largest freshwater lake in Mongolia.


ᠸᠠᡵᡤᡳ ᡯᠠᠩ

ᠸᠠᡵᡤᡳ (wargi, “western”) + ᡯᠠᠩ (dzang). Phono-semantic matching of Tibetan དབུས་གཙང (dbus gtsang).


ᡠᠯᠠ

(historical) a tribe of Haixi Jurchens people


ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᡠᠯᠠ

ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ (sahaliyan, “black”) + ᡠᠯᠠ (ula, “river”), literally “black river”.


ᡨᠠᡳᠸᠠᠨ

Borrowed from Mandarin 臺灣／台湾 (Táiwān), from Literary Chinese 臺灣, from Hokkien 大員 (Tāi-oân), 大圓, 臺員, 大灣, 臺灣, etc., from possibly Siraya.

Taiwan (a country and island in East Asia)


ᡧᠠᠨᠰᡳ

head

ᡧᠠᠨᠰᡳ • (šansi)


ᡧᠠᠨᡩᡠᠩ

ᡧᠠᠨᡩᡠᠩ • (šandung)


ᡤᡠᠸᠠᠩᠰᡳ

zh-l

廣西／广西 (Guǎngxī)


ᠣᡵᠣᠰ

→ Mandarin: 俄羅斯／俄罗斯 (Éluósī)

→ Japanese: 俄羅斯(オロス) (Orosu), 俄羅斯(オロシャ) (Orosha) (dated, rare)

→ Korean: 아라사(俄羅斯) (Arasa) (obsolete)

→ Vietnamese: Nga La Tư (俄羅斯) (obsolete)

Borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠣᠷᠤᠰ (orus), from Middle Mongol 斡羅思 (orus), from Kipchak [script needed] (orus), from Old East Slavic Русь f (Rusĭ), from Proto-Finnic *roocci.

bor+

Russia (A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


ᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠨ

(historical) Annam, the former name of Vietnam (a country in Asia)


ᡩᡝ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ

From ᡩᡝ (de) + ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (gurun, “country”). Calque of Chinese 德國／德国 (Déguó).

Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany)


ᡨᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᡳᠨ

Tianjin (a direct-administered municipality and major city in northern China)


ᠴᡝᠩ ᡩᡠ

Chengdu (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Sichuan, in southwestern China)


ᡤᠣᠯᠮᡳᠨ ᡠᠯᠠ

ᡤᠣᠯᠮᡳᠨ (golmin, “long”) + ᡠᠯᠠ (ula, “river”). Calque of Chinese 長江／长江 (Cháng Jiāng, “Yangtze”, literally “long river”).

cal

Yangtze; Chang Jiang (the longest river in China)


ᠰᠣᠯᡥᠣ

From Jurchen solgor (“Goryeo”) (also borrowed as Mongolian Солго (Solgo, “Korea”)). Compare Middle Mongol 莎郎合思 (Солонгос, “Goryeo”) (whence Mongolian ᠰᠣᠯᠤᠩᠭᠤᠰ (solungɣus) / Солонгос (Solongos, “Korea”)), Old Turkic 𐰲𐰇𐰞𐰍𐰞 (čölgl, “Silla”), Chinese 新羅 (MC sin la, “Silla”), Japanese 新羅(しらき) (shiraki, “Silla”).


ᠮᡠᡴᡩᡝᠨ

Shenyang (a prefecture-level city and subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Liaoning, China)


ᠨᠠ

From Proto-Tungusic *nā, compare Nanai на (na). Connected with the Middle Korean 나랗〮 (nàláh, “country”).


ᡤᠣᠯᠮᡳᠨ ᡧᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᡳᠨ

head

ᡤᠣᠯᠮᡳᠨ
ᡧᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ
ᠠᠯᡳᠨ • (golmin šanggiyan alin)

ᡤᠣᠯᠮᡳᠨ (golmin, “long”) + ᡧᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ (šanggiyan, “white”) + ᠠᠯᡳᠨ (alin, “mountain”)

compound

en-ᡤᠣᠯᠮᡳᠨ_ᡧᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ_ᠠᠯᡳᠨ-mnc-name-2DcIwHQc


ᡤᠣᠯᠮᡳᠨ ᡧᠠᠨᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᡳᠨ

head

ᡤᠣᠯᠮᡳᠨ
ᡧᠠᠨᠶᠠᠨ
ᠠᠯᡳᠨ • (golmin šanyan alin)

ᡤᠣᠯᠮᡳᠨ (golmin, “long”) + ᡧᠠᠨᠶᠠᠨ (šanyan, “white”) + ᠠᠯᡳᠨ (alin, “mountain”)


ᠨᡳᠩᡤᡠᡨᠠ

zh-l

寧古塔／宁古塔 (Nínggǔtǎ)

→ Chinese: 寧古塔／宁古塔 (Nínggǔtǎ)

→ English: Ningguta

→ Russian: Нингута (Ninguta)

desc

Нюлгуцкой город

→ Russian: Нюлгуцкой город (Njulguckoj gorod)

(historical) Ningguta, a region of the Qing dynasty


ᡨᡠᠮᡳᠨ

ᡠᠪᠠᠴᡳ
ᡝᡵᠴᡳᠰ
ᠪᡳᡵᠠ
ᡩᡝᡵᡳ
ᠸᠠᡵᡤᡳ
ᠵᡠᠯᡝᡵᡤᡳ
ᠪᠠᡵᡠ
ᡨᠣᠪᠣᠯ
ᠪᡳᡵᠠ
ᡩᡝ
ᡩᠣᠰᡳᡶᡳ᠈
ᠮᡠᡴᡝᡳ
ᠸᡝᠰᡳᡥᡠᠨ
ᡠᠶᡠᠨ
ᡳᠨᡝᠩᡤᡳ
ᠶᠠᠪᡠᡶᡳ᠈
ᠣᡵᡳᠨ
ᡳᠯᠠᠨ
ᡩᡝ
ᡨᡠᠮᡳᠨ
ᡩᡝ
ᡳᠰᡳᠨᠠᡥᠠ᠉

1723, Tulišen, 異域錄 [Narrative of the Chinese Embassy to the Khan of the Tourgouth Tartars]:

From the Irtysh to the southwest, went along the Tobol River, after nine days, (we) arrived at Tyumen on the 23th day.

ubaci ercis bira deri wargi julergi baru tobol bira de dosifi, mukei wesihun uyun inenggi yabufi, orin ilan de tumin de isinaha.

Tyumen (a city, the administrative center of Tyumen Oblast, Russia)


ᡳᠴᡝ ᠵᡝᠴᡝᠨ

[i.t͡ʃʰə.t͡ʃə.t͡ʃʰən]

ᡳᠴᡝ (ice, “new”) + ᠵᡝᠴᡝᠨ (jecen, “border; frontier”), literally “new frontier”. Compare semantically Chinese 新疆 (Xīnjiāng).

com

(historical) Xinjiang (a province of China)

Xinjiang (an autonomous region of China)


ᡶᡠ

outside wall; wall surrounding a courtyard


ᡷᠶᠯᡳ

(historical) Zhili (a province in northern China; modern Hebei)


ᡥᡡᠨᠠᠨ

head

ᡥᡡᠨᠠᠨ • (hūnan)


ᡠᡵᡠᠮᠴᡳ

desc

→ Chinese: 烏魯木齊／乌鲁木齐 (Wūlǔmùqí)

→ Chinese: 烏魯木齊／乌鲁木齐 (Wūlǔmùqí)

Borrowed from Written Oirat ᡇᠷᡇᡏᡔᡅ (urumci), from Chagatai اورُمجی (ūrumǧī /ürümči/).

bor+

Ürümqi (a prefecture-level city, the capital of Xinjiang, China)


ᡥᡠᡥᡠ ᠨᠣᠣᡵ

Compound of ᡥᡠᡥᡠ (huhu, “blue”) + ᠨᠣᠣᡵ (noor, “lake”). From Classical Mongolian ᠬᠥᠬᠡ
ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ (köke naɣur, literally “blue sea”).

der

Qinghai Lake (a lake in China), the largest lake in China.


ᡥᡡᠪᡝ

head

ᡥᡡᠪᡝ • (hūbe)


ᡨᡠᡵᡶᠠᠨ

Turfan (a region in eastern Xinjiang, China)


ᡥᠠᡳᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠣ

zh-l

海蘭泡／海兰泡 (Hǎilánpāo)

→ Chinese: 海蘭泡／海兰泡 (Hǎilánpāo)

ᡥᠠᡳᠯᠠᠨ (hailan, “elm tree”) + ᠪᠣᠣ (boo, “house”)

com

Blagoveshchensk (a city, the administrative center of Amur Oblast in Siberia, Russia)


ᡤᡳᡵᡳᠨ

→ Chinese: 吉林 (Jílín)

→ English: Kirin


ᡝᡵᡴᡠ ᡥᠣᡨᠣᠨ

desc

→ Chinese: 厄爾口城／厄尔口城

→ Chinese: 厄爾口城／厄尔口城

ᡝᡵᡴᡠ (erku, “Irkutsk”) + ᡥᠣᡨᠣᠨ (hoton, “city”)

com

Irkutsk (a city, the administrative center of Irkutsk Oblast, Russia).


ᡥᠠᠯᠪᡳᠨ

(historical) Harbin (a prefecture-level city and subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Heilongjiang, in northeastern China)


ᡶᠣᠯᡤᡝ

Volga (a major river in Russia, the longest river in Europe)


ᠰᡳᠮᠪᡳᡵᠰᡴᡠ

Borrowed from Russian Симби́рск (Simbírsk).

ᡤᡡᠰᡳᠨ
ᡩᡝ
ᠵᡠᡵᠠᡴᠠ᠈
ᠵᡠᡤᡡᠨ
ᡩᡝ
ᡳᠯᠠᠨ
ᡳᠨᡝᠩᡤᡳ
ᠶᠠᠪᡠᡶᡳ᠈
ᡳᠴᡝ
ᡳᠯᠠᠨ
ᡩᡝ
ᠰᡳᠮᠪᡳᡵᠰᡴᡠ
ᡩᡝ
ᡳᠰᡳᠨᠠᡥᠠ᠉

(We) set out on the 30th day (of October), spent three days on the road. On the 3rd day (of November), (we) arrived at Simbirsk.

gūsin de juraka, jugūn de ilan inenggi yabufi, ice ilan de simbirsku de isinaha.

(historical) Simbirsk (a city, the administrative center of Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia; modern Ulyanovsk).


ᠴᡳᠴᡳᡥᠠᡵ

zh-l

齊齊哈爾／齐齐哈尔 (Qíqíhā'ěr)

→ Chinese: 齊齊哈爾／齐齐哈尔 (Qíqíhā'ěr)

→ English: Qiqihar

Qiqihar (a prefecture-level city in Heilongjiang, China)


ᠵᠣᠣ ᠮᠣᡩᠣ

→ Chinese: 昭莫多

From Classical Mongolian ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨᠮᠣᠳᠤ (ǰaɣunmodu).

bor

Zuunmod (a city, the administrative center of Töv Province, Mongolia)


ᠴᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ

Qapqal (an autonomous county of Ili prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


ᠠᠨ ᡥᡡᡳ

head

ᠠᠨ
ᡥᡡᡳ • (an hūi)


ᡰᡳᠪᡝᠨ

ᡰᡳᠪᡝᠨ • (žiben)


ᠮᠣᠰᠺᠣᠸᠠ

Moscow (a federal city, the capital of Russia)


ᠪᠠᡨᠠᠩ

Borrowed from Chinese 巴塘 (Bātáng), from Tibetan འབའ་ཐང ('ba' thang).

Batang (a county of Garzê prefecture, Sichuan, China)


ᡯᡠᠨ ᡥᡡᠸᠠ

ᡯᡠᠨ
ᡥᡡᠸᠠ • (dzun hūwa)


ᡷᡳᠯᡳ

(historical) Zhili (a former province of China, covering present-day Hebei)


ᡥᡠᠯᡠᠨ ᠪᡠᡳᡵ

desc

→ Chinese: → 呼倫貝爾／呼伦贝尔 (Hūlúnbèi'ěr) (transliteration)

Borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠬᠥᠯᠦᠨ
ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠷ (kölün buyir).

bor+

Hulunbuir (a prefecture-level city in Inner Mongolia, China)


ᡥᡠᡥᡠ ᡥᠣᡨᠣᠨ

Compound of ᡥᡠᡥᡠ (huhu, “blue”) + ᡥᠣᡨᠣᠨ (hoton, “city”), literally “blue city”. From Classical Mongolian ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠬᠣᠲᠠ (kökeqota).

com

Hohhot (the capital city of Inner Mongolia, China)


ᠣᡯᡝ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ

ᠣᡯᡝ (odze, “Japanese”) + ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (gurun, “country”)


ᡥᡠᠨᠴᡠᠨ

desc

→ Chinese: 琿春／珲春 (Húnchūn) (Mandarin transcription)

→ English: Huncun (transliteration)

Hunchun (a county-level city in Yanbian prefecture, Jilin, China)


ᡠ ᡥᡡ

head

ᡠ
ᡥᡡ • (u hū)


ᠠᠯᠴᡠᡴᠠ

zh-l

阿勒楚喀 (Ālèchǔkā)

→ Chinese: 阿勒楚喀 (Ālèchǔkā)

(historical) Alcuka (a city in Heilongjiang, China; modern Acheng)


ᠶᡝᡵᡴᡳᠮ

Yarkant (a county of Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


ᠪᠠᠯᡤᠠᡧᡳ ᠨᠣᠣᡵ

head

ᠪᠠᠯᡤᠠᡧᡳ
ᠨᠣᠣᡵ • (balgaši noor)


ᡨᡠᠩᠵᡝᠣ

[tʰuŋ.t͡ʃəɔ]

Tongzhou District
w:Tongzhou District, Beijing

(historical) Tong Prefecture (a city in Beijing, China; modern Tongzhou District)


ᡴᡠᡳᡨᡠᠨ

From Written Oirat ᡍᡉᡕᡅᡐᡇᠨ (küyitun, “cold”).


ᠠᡳᡥᡡᠨ

ᠠᡳᡥᡡᠨ • (aihūn)

(historical) (1683-1685) Aigun (a former settlement in Blagoveshchensk, Amur Oblast, Russia)

(historical) (1685-1900) Aigun (a town in Aihui district, Heihe, Heilongjiang, China)


ᠶᠠ ᠮᡝ ᠯᡳ ᡤᡳᠶᠠ

Borrowed form Chinese 亞美利加／亚美利加 (Yàměilìjiā).


ᠶᠠ ᠰᡳ ᠶᠠ

Borrowed from Chinese 亞細亞／亚细亚 (Yàxìyà), ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἀσία (Asía).


ᡶᡠᠩ ᡨᡳᠶᠠᠨ

(historical) Fengtian (a former province of China, covering present-day Liaoning)


ᡶᡠᡵᡩᠠᠨ

→ Chinese: 富爾丹／富尔丹

ᡥᠣᡨᠣᠨ ᡥᠣᡨᠣᠨ#Manchu

(⁓ ᡥᠣᡨᠣᠨ) Ussuriysk (a city in Primorsky Krai, Russia)

ᡥᠣᡨᠣᠨ ᡥᠣᡨᠣᠨ#Manchu

(⁓ ᡥᠣᡨᠣᠨ) (historical) Furdan (a former settlement in Jilin, China)


ᠰᠠᡳᠨ ᡥᠣᠯᠣ ᡶᡠᡵᡩᠠᠨ

Compound of ᠰᠠᡳᠨ (sain, “excellent”) + ᡥᠣᠯᠣ (holo, “valley”) + ᡶᡠᡵᡩᠠᠨ (furdan, “pass”), calque of Chinese 嘉峪關／嘉峪关 (Jiāyùguān).


ᠵᠠᡴᠠ ᡶᡠᡵᡩᠠᠨ

Zhaka Pass (a pass in Xinbin, Fushun, Liaoning, China)


ᡤᡳᡵᡳᠨ ᡠᠯᠠ

A compound of ᡤᡳᡵᡳᠨ (girin, “region”) + ᡠᠯᠠ (ula, ”river”). Literally “the region along a river”.


ᡤᡳᠶᠠᠩᠨᠠᠨ

Jiangnan (a region of China, south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River)


ᠶᡡᠨ ᠨᠠᠨ

head

ᠶᡡᠨ
ᠨᠠᠨ • (yūn nan)


ᠣᡴᡧᠣ

ᠣᡴᡧᠣ • (okšo)

Borrowed from Classical Mongolian [Term?].

bor+

Zabaykalsky Krai
Zabaykalsky Krai#English

the Aksha (a river in Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia)

Aksha (a selo in Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia)


ᠴᡠᡴᡠ ᠪᡳᡵᠠ

From Classical Mongolian ᠴᠥᠬᠦ
ᠭᠣᠤᠯ (čökü ɣoul).

der

the Chikoy (a river in Russia and Mongolia)


ᡝᡵᡴᡝᠣ

Borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠦ (erkeü).

bor+

the Irkut (a river in Buryatia and Irkutsk Oblast, Russia)

Irkutsk (a city in Irkutsk Oblast, Russia)


ᡴᡝᡵᡝ ᠪᡳᡵᠠ

Borrowed from Classical Mongolian [Term?]. Compare Khamnigan Mongol Кэрэ гол (Kere gol), Russian река́ Кыра́ f inan (reká Kyrá).

Kyra (a river in Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia and Dornod, Mongolia)