ژ

The 45th letter of the Malayalam Arabic script. It represents the Malayalam letter ഴ. The Arabic script is rarely used to write Malayalam.


ക

The 15th letter of Malayalam alphabet, called ക (ka). Transliterated as k.


ഖ

The 16th letter of Malayalam alphabet, called ഖ (kha). Transliterated as kh.


ഗ

The 17th letter of Malayalam alphabet, called ഗ (ga). Transliterated as g.


ഘ

The 18th letter of Malayalam alphabet, called ഘ (gha). Transliterated as gh.


ങ

The 19th letter of Malayalam alphabet, called ങ (ṅa). Transliterated as ṅ.


ച

The 20th letter of Malayalam alphabet, called ച (ca). Transliterated as c.


ഛ

The 21st letter of Malayalam alphabet, called ഛ (cha). Transliterated as ch.


ജ

The 22nd letter of Malayalam alphabet, called ജ (ja). Transliterated as j.


ഡ

The 27th letter of Malayalam alphabet, called ഡ (ḍa). Transliterated as ḍ.


ഢ

The 28th letter of Malayalam alphabet, called ഢ (ḍha). Transliterated as ḍh.


ത

The 30th letter of Malayalam alphabet, called ത (ta). Transliterated as t.


ഥ

The 31st letter of Malayalam alphabet, called ഥ (tha). Transliterated as th.


ദ

The 32nd letter of Malayalam alphabet, called ദ (da). Transliterated as d.


ധ

The 33rd letter of Malayalam alphabet, called ധ (dha). Transliterated as dh.


ന

The 34th letter of Malayalam alphabet, called ന (na). Historically there was another character to represent just the apical alveolar nasal (ഩ (ṉa)) and ന just for the dental one, nowadays it has become obsolete and ന represents both of them. Transliterated as n.


വ

The 46th letter of Malayalam alphabet, called വ (va). Transliterated as v.


ഴ

The 45th letter of the Malayalam alphabet, called ഴ (ḻa). Transliterated as ḻ.


ശ

The 47th letter of Malayalam alphabet, called ശ (śa). Transliterated as ś.


ഷ

The 48th letter of Malayalam alphabet, called ഷ (ṣa). Transliterated as ṣ.


സ

The 49th letter of Malayalam alphabet, called സ (sa). Transliterated as s.


ഹ

The 50th letter of Malayalam alphabet, called ഹ (ha). Transliterated as h.


ഈ

ൟ (ī) was used instead of ഈ before

The 4th letter of Malayalam alphabet. Transliterated as ī.


ണ

The 29th letter of Malayalam alphabet, called ണ (ṇa). Transliterated as ṇ.


പ

The 35th letter of Malayalam alphabet, called പ (pa). Transliterated as p.


അ

The 1st letter of Malayalam alphabet. Transliterated as a.


ക്ത

A Malayalam ligature from ക (ka) and ത (ta).


ട്ട

A Malayalam ligature from ട (ṭa) and ട (ṭa).


ത്യ

A Malayalam ligature from ത (ta) and യ (ya).


ക്ഷ

A Malayalam ligature from ക (ka) and ഷ (ṣa).


ദ്ധ

a Malayalam ligature from ദ (da) and ധ (dha).


യ

The 40th letter of Malayalam abugida. Transliterated as y.


The combining form of the long vowel ഓ (ō).


ഓ

The 12th letter of Malayalam alphabet. Transliterated as ō.


The combining form of the short vowel ഇ (i).


ഇ

The short vowel "i", in its independent form.


ആ

The 2nd letter of Malayalam alphabet. Transliterated as ā.


The combining form of the long vowel ആ (ā).


ഉ

The short vowel "u", in its independent form. Transliterated as u.


The combining form of the short vowel ഉ (u).

Also used in place of ് or as ു് at word endings


ഊ

The 6th letter of Malayalam alphabet. Transliterated as ū.


ഋ

The 7th letter of the Malayalam alphabet. There used to be a longer form of it ൠ (which is now obsolete). Transliterated as r̥.


ഞ

The 24th letter of Malayalam alphabet, called ഞ (ña). Transliterated as ñ.


ഝ

The 23rd letter of Malayalam alphabet, called ഝ (jha). Transliterated as jh.


എ

The 8th letter of Malayalam alphabet. Transliterated as e.


മ

The 39th letter of Malayalam alphabet, called മ (ma). Transliterated as m.


ല

The 43rd letter of Malayalam alphabet, called ല (la). Transliterated as l.


ڊ

The letter of the Malayalam in Arabic script. It represents the Malayalam letter ട.


ڗ

The 27th letter of the Malayalam Arabic script. It represents the Malayalam letter ഡ.


ڿ

The twenty-fourth letter of the Malayalam in Arabic script. It represents the Malayalam letter ഞ.


ۼ

The nineteenth letter of the Malayalam in Arabic script. It represents the Malayalam letter ങ.


ۻ

The forty-sixth letter of the Malayalam in Arabic script. It represents the Malayalam letter ള. The Arabic script is rarely used to write Malayalam.


ڹ

The twenty-ninth letter of the Malayalam in Arabic script. It represents the Malayalam letter ണ.


ڔ

The 42nd letter of the Malayalam in the Arabic script. It represents the Malayalam letter ര. The Arabic script is rarely used to write Malayalam.


ۺ

The forty-eighth letter of the Malayalam in Arabic script. It represents the Malayalam letter ഷ.


ഏ

The 9th letter of Malayalam alphabet. Transliterated as ē.


ഐ

The 10th letter of Malayalam alphabet. Transliterated as ai.


ഒ

The 11th letter of Malayalam alphabet. Transliterated as o.


ഔ

The 13th letter of Malayalam alphabet. Transliterated as au.


ഌ

This obsolete character used to be the 9th letter of the Malayalam abugida which also had its longer form ൡ (also obsolete). Removed from the orthography in the 1971 spelling reform. Transliterated as l̥.


The combining form of the long vowel ഈ (ī).


ട

The 25th letter of Malayalam abugida. Transliterated as ṭ.


ഠ

The 26th letter of Malayalam abugida. Transliterated as ṭh.


ഫ

The 36th letter of Malayalam abugida. Transliterated as either ph or f.

A grapheme used to indicate [f] in loan words and [pʰ] in Malayalam words, however in actuality it is up to the speaker to pronounce it as they seek.


ബ

The 37th letter of Malayalam abugida. Transliterated as b.


ഭ

The 38th letter of Malayalam abugida. Transliterated as bh.


ര

The 41th letter of Malayalam abugida. Transliterated as r.


റ

the 42nd letter of Malayalam abugida. Transliterated as ṟ.


ള

The 51th letter of Malayalam abugida. Transliterated as ḷ.


ഩ

(archaic) This letter in the Malayalam abugida represents an apical alveolar nasal while ന (na) represents a laminal dental nasal and ണ (ṇa) represents a subapical retroflex nasal. This letter is archaic and is not included in the current orthography. Transliterated as ṉ.


ഺ

(archaic) This letter in the Malayalam abugida represents a voiceless unaspirated apical alveolar plosive while ത (ta) represents a laminal dental plosive and ട (ṭa) represents a subapical retroflex plosive.


ൠ

This obsolete character used to be the 8th letter of the Malayalam abugida which represented the longer form of the letter ഋ. Removed from the orthography in the 1971 spelling reform. Transliterated as r̥̄.


ൡ

This obsolete character used to be the 10th letter of the Malayalam abugida which represented the longer form of the letter ഌ (also obsolete). Removed from the orthography in the 1971 spelling reform. Transliterated as l̥̄.


ൺ

This letter, like other chillus, never occurs as the first letter of any Malayalam word.

ചില്ലക്ഷരം ചില്ലക്ഷരം

A Malayalam chillu letter (ചില്ലക്ഷരം). It represents the consonant letter ണ (ṇa) with a cancelled root vowel. Transliterated as ṇ.


ൻ

ചില്ലക്ഷരം ചില്ലക്ഷരം

A Malayalam chillaksharam (ചില്ലക്ഷരം) that represents the consonant letter ന (na) with a cancelled root vowel. Transliterated as n.


ർ

ൎ was earlier used in archaic writings in place of the current ർ in middle of words

This letter, like the other chillu letters, never occurs as the first letter of any Malayalam word.

ചില്ലക്ഷരം ചില്ലക്ഷരം

A Malayalam chillu letter (ചില്ലക്ഷരം) letter. It is the chillu letter of consonant റ with a cancelled root vowel. Transliterated as ṟ.

ര്

incorrect form, happens often due to technical limitations


ൽ

ചില്ലക്ഷരം ചില്ലക്ഷരം

A Malayalam chillu letter (ചില്ലക്ഷരം). It represents the consonant letter ല (la) with a cancelled root vowel. Transliterated as l.

ത്

often at the sandhi of a compound word, ത് transforms to ൽ


ൾ

This letter, like other chillu letters, never occurs as the first letter of any Malayalam word.

ചില്ലക്ഷരം ചില്ലക്ഷരം

A Malayalam chillu letter (ചില്ലക്ഷരം). It is the chillu of the consonant letter ള (ḷa) with a cancelled root vowel. Transliterated as ḷ.


ൿ

Usage notes: This symbol has become archaic. Instead, ക് (kŭ) is used as replacement.

ചില്ലക്ഷരം ചില്ലക്ഷരം

(archaic) ചില്ലക്ഷരം (vowelless consonant) of consonant ക.

This letter, like other chillus, never occurs as the first letter of any Malayalam word. It only appears word medial.


ൕ

ചില്ലക്ഷരം ചില്ലക്ഷരം

(archaic) ചില്ലക്ഷരം (vowelless consonant) of consonant യ.

This letter, like other chillus, never occurs as the first letter of any Malayalam word.


ൖ

ചില്ലക്ഷരം ചില്ലക്ഷരം

(archaic) ചില്ലക്ഷരം (vowelless consonant) of consonant ഴ.


ൔ

formerly was used to indicate gemination

ചില്ലക്ഷരം ചില്ലക്ഷരം

(archaic) ചില്ലക്ഷരം (vowelless consonant) of consonant മ.


ഽ

indicates prodelision of an അ (a) in when two words blend (sandhi) in Malayalam script.

പ്രശ്ലേഷം പ്രശ്ലേഷം#Malayalam

Malayalam sign for avagraha, പ്രശ്ലേഷം (praślēṣaṁ).


The combining form of the long vowel ഊ (ū).


The combining form of the short vowel ഋ (r̥).


The combining form of the long vowel ൠ (r̥̄).


The combining form of the short vowel എ (e).


The combining form of the long vowel ഏ (ē).


The combining form of the short vowel ഐ (ai).


The combining form of the short vowel ഒ (o).


(archaic) The combining form of the short vowel ഔ (au).


ചന്ദ്രക്കല ചന്ദ്രക്കല#Malayalam

ചന്ദ്രക്കല (candrakkala). Malayalam diacritic for virama; it is used to signify the lack of an inherent vowel.

ചില്ലക്ഷരം ചില്ലക്ഷരം#Malayalam

Used to denote a ചില്ലക്ഷരം (cillakṣaraṁ) (conjunct consonants)

സംവൃതോകാരം സംവൃതോകാരം#Malayalam

വിരാമം വിരാമം#Malayalam

Word finally it either represent a സംവൃതോകാരം (saṁvr̥tōkāraṁ) or a വിരാമം (virāmaṁ).

(computing) Used to combine two Malayalam consonant letters together


The combining form of the vowel അം (aṁ), anusvara.


അം

A vowel letter of Malayalam alphabet. Transliterated as aṃ.


അഃ

A vowel letter for the visarga in the Malayalam abugida. Transliterated as aḥ.


ൎ

(archaic) In the traditional orthography, a dead consonant r before a consonant sometimes takes an above-base form, known as a dot reph, which looks like a short vertical line or a dot. Generally, a chillu-r (ർ) is used instead of a dot reph in the reformed orthography. In writing it was sometimes confused with the vertical bar virama ഻ but they are used for different purposes.


The combining form of the short vowel ഌ (l̥).


The combining form of the long vowel ൡ (l̥̄).


ദ്ദ

a Malayalam ligature from ദ (da) and ദ (da).


ത്സ

A Malayalam ligature from ത (ta) and സ (sa).


ഹ്ന

A Malayalam ligature from ഹ (ha) and ന (n̠a).


ണ്ട

A Malayalam ligature from ണ (ṇa) and ട (ṭa).


മ്പ

A Malayalam ligature from മ (ma) and പ (pa).


ങ്ക

A Malayalam ligature from ങ (ṅa) and ക (ka).


ഹ്മ

A Malayalam ligature from ഹ (ha) and മ (ma).


ന്റ

A Malayalam ligature from ന് or ൻ (ṉ) and റ (ṟa).


റ്റ

A Malayalam ligature from 2 റ (ṟa) but pronounced as /t:a/.

In older forms (still used rarely) 2 adjacent റ's (ററ) was used to represent /t:a/ and it could also be read as /rara/.

In the 1800s a separate letter ഺ (ṯa) was made by A.R. Rajarajavarma to represent the phoneme /ta/ but it didnt became popular.


ന്ദ

A Malayalam ligature from ന (na) and ദ (da).


ച്ഛ

A Malayalam ligature from ച (ca) and ഛ (cha).


ഡ്ഢ

head

ഡ്ഢ • (ḍḍha)

A Malayalam ligature from ഡ (ḍa) and ഢ (ḍha).


പ്ല

A Malayalam ligature from പ (pa) and ല (la).


ക്ല

A Malayalam ligature from ക (ka) and ല (la).


ഷ്ട

A Malayalam ligature from ഷ (ṣa) and ട (ṭa).


ഞ്ച

A Malayalam ligature from ഞ (ña) and ച (ca).


ന്ത

A Malayalam ligature from ന (na) and ത (ta).


പ്ര

A Malayalam ligature from പ (pa) and ര (ra).


ക്ര

A Malayalam ligature from ക (ka) and ര (ra).


ഗ്ദ

A Malayalam ligature from ഗ (ga) and ദ (da).


സ്വ

A Malayalam ligature from സ (sa) and വ (va).


ത്ഥ

A Malayalam ligature from ത (ta) and ഥ (tha).


ത്ന

A Malayalam ligature from ത (ta) and ന (na).


ഗ്ന

A Malayalam ligature from ഗ (ga) and ന (na).


ണ്ഡ

A Malayalam ligature from ണ (ṇa) and ഡ (ḍa).


ഗ്മ

A Malayalam ligature from ഗ (ga) and മ (ma).


സ്റ്റ

സ്റ്റ • (sṟṟa)

A Malayalam ligature from സ (sa) and 2 റ (r̠a).


ശ്ച

A Malayalam ligature from ശ (śa) and ച (ca).


ഴ്ച

A Malayalam ligature from ഴ (l̠a) and ച (ca).


ന്ധ

A Malayalam ligature from ന (na) and ധ (dha).


ന്മ

A Malayalam ligature from ന (n̠a) and മ (ma).


ഞ്ജ

A Malayalam ligature from ഞ (ña) and ജ (ja).


ണ്മ

A Malayalam ligature from ണ (ṇa) and മ (ma).


ന്ഥ

A Malayalam ligature from ന (na) and ഥ (tha).


ജ്ഞ

A Malayalam ligature from ജ (ja) and ഞ (ña).


സ്ഥ

A Malayalam ligature from സ (sa) and ഥ (tha).


ത്ഭ

A Malayalam ligature from ത (ta) and ഭ (bha).


്യ

A Malayalam diacritic for യ (ya) called കീയക്കൂട്ടം or വീച്ചിൽ, when appended to a constant, it can indicate a conjunct consonant followed by /ja/ or palatalization in some cases.


്വ

A Malayalam diacritic for വ (va) called കൗവ്വക്കൂട്ടം, when combined with a constant it labialize or labiodentalize the consonant.


്ര

A Malayalam diacritical mark for ര (ra) called കേരക്കൂട്ടം or കേറക്കൂട്ടം, when appended to a constant, it can indicate a conjunct consonant followed by /ra/.


In the modern orthography ് is used for both smvrtokaram and as a virama.


്ല

A Malayalam diacritical symbol for ല (la), called കേലക്കൂട്ടം or കേളക്കൂട്ടം, when appended to a consonant it can indicate a conjunct constant followed by ല (la).


(archaic) Like the chandrakala and circular virama, the vertical bar virama was used to delete the inheret vowel from the consonant but it was used between 1700s to 1860s (possible even before) in loanwords while circular virama in native words at the same time and chandrakala in later times.

The bar virama was placed directly above the letter while chandrakala and circular virama at the top right. In older attestations it was allowed to cut through the consonant.

Bar virama + letter later evolved into the chillu letters.

While writing it may sometimes be confused with the dot reph ൎ but both of them are used for different purposes.


(archaic) Like the chandrakala and vertical bar virama, the circular virama was used to delete the inheret vowel from the consonant but it was used between 1700s to 1860s in native words while vertical bar virama in loanwords at the same time and chandrakala in later times.


(archaic) This character denotes the chandrabindu found in other brahmic scripts and cognates with ँ; it nasalises the preceding vowel. It was used to transcribe Sanskrit and Prakrit texts and it isn't used natively in Malayalam.


ഄ

Anusvara before /ɾ/, /ɕ/, /ʂ/, /s/, /h/ or any vowel

Anusvara succeeding a short vowel, followed by a consonant cluster

Anusvara succeeding a long vowel, followed by a consonant cluster

(archaic) This character denotes the chandrabindu thiryak found in Yajurveda. It contrasts with the regular anusvara ം.


(archaic) This character is mostly restricted to grantha script texts for transcribing Sanskrit and Prakrits. In it the normal anusvara ം represents gemination of the next consonant and this anusvara represents an actual linguistic anusvara.


ഉ്

Represents a smvrtokaram /ɨ̆/ initially though samvrtokaram sound doesnt occur initially.