olahraga

اولهراݢ (Jawi)

Compound of olah + raga, calque from Japanese 体操(たいそう) (taisō, “gymnastics, exercises, calisthenics”, literally “body exercise”).

ja-r

(sports) A group of sporting activities including track and field, road running, cross country and racewalking; athletics.

atletik

uncommon in Malaysia, sole standard in Indonesia


bising

Xiao Meng ialah sangat bising di kelas.


puasa

ms-noun

puasa (Jawi spelling ڤواسا, plural puasa-puasa)


puasa

> Indonesian: puasa (inherited)

→ Acehnese: puasa

→ Cebuano: puasa

→ Maguindanao: puasa

→ Maranao: powasa

→ Tausug: puasa


tempurung

tempurung (Jawi spelling تمڤوروڠ, plural tempurung-tempurung)

تمڤوروڠ (Jawi)
tempurung-tempurung (plural)

Figurative sense in reference to saying katak di bawah tempurung (lit. “frog in a coconut shell”).

tempurung kepala: cranium

tempurung rebab: body of a rebab

coconut shell, ellipsis of tempurung kelapa

(figurative, Malaysia) secluded or isolated environment that unilaterally reinforces one's own views or beliefs – a bubble or an echo chamber


suku kata

Indonesian: suku kata

suku + kata. Literally: a quarter of a word


almari

almari (Jawi spelling الماري, plural almari-almari)

> Indonesian: almari (inherited)


sibuk

Ramzi sangat sibuk dengan hubungan bisnisnya.


sumber

sumber (Jawi spelling سومبر, plural sumber-sumber)


yuyu

From Javanese yuyu, from Old Javanese yuyu, hayuyu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qayuyu (“coconut crab”).

der

(Jakarta) a freshwater crab, in Gecarcinidae


mak nyah

From mak (“mother”) + nyah (“to run from, to transition”).


berita

ms-noun

berita (Jawi spelling بريتا, plural berita-berita)

> Indonesian: berita (inherited)

→ Bikol Central: bareta

→ Cebuano: balita

→ Hiligaynon: balita

→ Matigsalug Manobo: balita

→ Tagalog: balita

→ Tausug: bayta'

Borrowed from Sanskrit वृत्त (vṛtta). Doublet of warta (compare to Old Javanese wrĕta).


kartun

kartun (Jawi spelling کرتون, plural kartun-kartun)


persamaan

persamaan (Jawi spelling ڤرساماءن, plural persamaan-persamaan)

ڤرساماءن (Jawi)
persamaan-persamaan (plural)


babad

babad (Jawi spelling بابد, plural babad-babad)


TNB

Tenaga Nasional Berhad
w:ms:Tenaga Nasional Berhad

Initialism of Tenaga Nasional Berhad, a government-owned company responsible for electricity transmission and distribution in peninsular Malaysia


keputusan

keputusan (Jawi spelling کڤوتوسن, plural keputusan-keputusan)

کڤوتوسن (Jawi)
keputusan-keputusan (plural)


katarak

From English cataract, from Middle English cataract, cateract, cateracte, cataracta, from Latin cataracta (“waterfall, portcullis”), from Ancient Greek καταρράκτης (katarrháktēs), from καταράσσω (katarássō, “I pour down”), from κατα- (kata-, “down”) + ἀράσσω (arássō, “to strike, dash”).


gigil

Indonesian: gigil

menggigil-gigil [reduplication + agent focus]


penjara

ms-noun

penjara (Jawi spelling ڤنجارا, plural penjara-penjara)


penjara

ڤنجارا (Jawi)

Indonesian: penjara

memenjarakan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dipenjarakan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


wangsa

wangsa (Jawi spelling وڠسا, plural wangsa-wangsa)

> Indonesian: wangsa (inherited)

From Sanskrit वंश (vaṃśa, “offspring, lineage”). Doublet of bangsa.

der

Wangsa Han

Wangsa Bolkiah


pendidikan

ms-noun

pendidikan (Jawi spelling ڤنديديقن, plural pendidikan-pendidikan)

ڤنديديقن (Jawi)
pendidikan-pendidikan (plural)

Indonesian: pêndidikan

→ English: pendidikan

pendidikan jasmani

pendidikan Islam

sistem pendidikan

pendidikan moral


perpustakaan

perpustakaan (Jawi spelling ڤرڤوستاکاءن, plural perpustakaan-perpustakaan)

ڤرڤوستاکاءن (Jawi)
perpustakaan-perpustakaan (plural)

Indonesian: perpustakaan

library (institution which holds books etc.)


teh tarik

تيه تاريق (Jawi)


tulisan

tulisan (Jawi spelling توليسن, plural tulisan-tulisan)

> Indonesian: tulisan (inherited)


sayap

sayap (Jawi spelling سايڤ, plural sayap-sayap)


kepak

kepak (Jawi spelling کڤق or کيڤق, plural kepak-kepak)

کڤق (Jawi)
کيڤق (Jawi)
kepak-kepak (plural)

Indonesian: kepak

kepak ayam


bahal

(dialectal) a stinging pain (usually at nerve)


prakata

ڤراکات (Jawi)

Borrowed from Indonesian prakata, from Dutch voorwoord. By surface analysis, pra- + kata.


gayung

gayung (Jawi spelling ݢايوڠ, plural gayung-gayung)

Indonesian: gayung

a kind of water dipper; a ladle made of a bowl of a coconut shell with a wooden handle attached

Inilah gayung anak piatu; jikalau disambut, kĕna dua; jikalau tiada disambut, kĕna satu.

1908, Raja Haji Yahya, Pawang Ana, Hikayat Malim Deman, Singapore, page 91:

Here is my quarterstaff; if it hits you, you are hurt in two places; if it misses you, you are hurt in one.

a quarterstaff or a singlestick used as a weapon


pancing

pancing (Jawi spelling ڤنچيڠ, plural pancing-pancing)


intan

intan (Jawi spelling اينتن, plural intan-intan)

> Indonesian: intan (inherited)

→ Maranao: intan

→ Tausug: intan

→ Urak Lawoi': อีตัด (itat)

From Old Javanese hintĕn, a kramanized form of hīra, from Sanskrit हीर (hīra, “diamond”).


perangko

perangko (Jawi spelling ڤرڠکو, plural perangko-perangko)

From Dutch franco (“with freightages paid by the sender”), from Italian porto (“port, carriage”) + franco (“free”), from French franc (“free; frank; full”), from Middle French franc, from Old French franc (“free, genuine, sincere”), from Late Latin Francus (“a Frank”), from Frankish *Frank (“a Frank”), a name probably taken from Proto-Germanic *frankô, *frakkōn (“spear”), from Proto-Indo-European *preng-, *pregn- (“pole, stalk”). Influenced by Dutch frankeerzegel (“postage stamp”).

der

(Riau) postage stamp, a small designed piece of printed paper with a face value stuck on an item to be mailed, indicating that postage or other costs such as tax or licence fees has been prepaid.


pencuri

ms-noun

pencuri (Jawi spelling ڤنچوري, plural pencuri-pencuri)


lengkuas

Indonesian: lengkuas

Manado Malay: lingkuas


zodiak

زودياک (Jawi)


sedap

Indonesian: sedap

→ Tagalog: sarap

From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sedep.

sedap manis jangan ditelan, pahit jangan dimuntahkan

Sedap betul roti ini!

Rasa sedap saya duduk dekat luar kena kacau bau busuk rokok.

That pleasant feeling of mine sitting outside was disturbed by the horrid smell of cigarettes.

Sedapnya suara penyanyi ini!

(of sound or voice) pleasant, satisfactory, nice

Agak sedap bau minyak wangi ini.


lawak

Lawaknya filem ini!


tulang belakang

tulang belakang (plural tulang-tulang belakang)

desc

> Indonesian: tulang belakang (inherited)

From tulang (“bone”) + belakang (“back”).


rosak

روسق (Jawi)
nonstandard Malay (alternative)
standard Indonesian (alternative)

Maaf, lif ini rosak.

merosakkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dirosakkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


ayaw

(dialectal) a negative desire, influence


betol

(1924-1972) superseded spelling of betul


kelahiran

ms-noun

kelahiran (Jawi spelling کلاهيرن, plural kelahiran-kelahiran)

کلاهيرن (Jawi)
kelahiran-kelahiran (plural)

Indonesian: kelahiran


veganisme

veganisme (Jawi spelling ۏيݢانيسمى, plural veganisme-veganisme)

ۏيݢانيسمى (Jawi)
veganisme-veganisme (plural)

Borrowed from English veganism. By surface analysis, vegan + -isme.


negeri

negeri (Jawi spelling نݢري, plural negeri-negeri)

> Indonesian: negeri (inherited)

desc

> Peranakan Indonesian: negri (inherited)

→ Dutch: negorij

luar negeri

country, any sovereign polity; a national or city-state government.

negeri Selangor

the state of Selangor (one of 13 constituent states of Malaysia)

a political division of a federation retaining a notable degree of autonomy, as in the United States or Germany.


sinopsis

ms-noun

sinopsis (Jawi spelling سينوڤسيس, plural sinopsis-sinopsis)

سينوڤسيس (Jawi)
sinopsis-sinopsis (plural)

From English synopsis, ultimately from Ancient Greek σύνοψις (súnopsis), from σύν (sún, “with or whole”) + ὄψις (ópsis, “view”) meaning “whole view”.


menara

menara (Jawi spelling منارا, plural menara-menara)


palit

palit (Jawi spelling ڤاليت, plural palit-palit)


dilah

dilah (Jawi spelling ديله, plural dilah-dilah)

Indonesian: dilah

Borrowed from Javanese ꦢꦶꦭꦃ (dilah), from Old Javanese dilah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dilaq (“tongue”) (compare to Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dilat, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dilap (“to lick”)), from Proto-Austronesian *dilaq (“to lick”). Doublet of jilat and lidah.


hari jadi

> Indonesian: hari jadi (inherited)

Compound of hari (“day”) + jadi (“to come into existence”).

com

Hari jadi Daniel bila?

birthday; one's anniversary of the day one was born.


pertanian

ms-noun

pertanian (Jawi spelling ڤرتانين, plural pertanian-pertanian)

ڤرتانين (Jawi)
pertanian-pertanian (plural)


liwat

liwat (Jawi spelling لواط, plural liwat-liwat)


natang

natang (Jawi spelling ناتڠ, plural natang-natang)


kulat

kulat (Jawi spelling کولت, plural kulat-kulat)


ulas

ulas (Jawi spelling اولس, plural ulas-ulas)

Indonesian: ulas

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quləs, from Proto-Austronesian *quləs (“clothing”).

mengulasi [agent focus + causative benefactive]

diulasi [patient focus + causative benefactive]


ulas

Indonesian: ulas

clove (one division of a compound bulb such as garlic)

section, segment (a part divided or cut off)


ulas

seulas durian

seulas oren

Classifier for flesh-coated seeds of fruits.


ulas

Indonesian: ulas

Likely by extension from sense of "peel" in Etymology 1– compare with verb kuliti derived from kulit, and kupas.


martabak

martabak (Jawi spelling مرتابق, plural martabak-martabak)

مرتابق (Jawi)
martabak-martabak (plural)

From Arabic مُطَبَّق (muṭabbaq, “folded”).


nipis

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nipis, from Proto-Austronesian *Nipis. Cognate with Tagalog nipis, Sundanese nipis, and Tsou hipsi.


nipis

ms-noun

nipis (Jawi spelling نيڤيس, plural nipis-nipis)


Maryam

From Arabic مَرْيَم (maryam). Doublet of Mariam, Meriam, and Maria.

a female given name, Miriam, from Arabic, equivalent to English Mary


timbang

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *timbaŋ (“balanced”).


مول

مول (plural مول-مول or مول٢)


karang

karang (Jawi spelling کارڠ, plural karang-karang)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *karaŋ (“coral, limestone”).


karang

Probably from Old Javanese karaṇa (“writer; poet”), from Sanskrit करण (karaṇa, “writer; scribe”).


karang

head

karang (Jawi spelling کارڠ, active mengarang, 3rd person passive dikarang)

کارڠ (Jawi)
mengarang (active)
dikarang (passive third-person)

To compose (of music, songs, and writing).

To arrange (of flowers, pottery, and others).


karang

karang (Jawi spelling کارڠ, also used in the form karangan)

کارڠ (Jawi)
karangan (also used-in-the-form)

(obsolete) An abode; a place where someone lives.


karang

karang (Jawi spelling کارڠ, only used in ilmu karang)


karang

karang (Jawi spelling کارڠ, only used in sebatang karang)


sawo

ms-noun

sawo (Jawi spelling ساوو, plural sawo-sawo)

ساوو (Jawi)
sawo-sawo (plural)
sawoh (alternative)

a small sapota (Manilkara kauki)

a Manila sapota (Manilkara zapota)

any species of the Manilkara genus; sapota, naseberry


sawo

ellipsis of sawo matang literally, “ripe sapota”; brownish color (usually of skin)


sawo

ساوو (Jawi)
sawo-sawo (plural)
sawa (alternative)


kurita

kurita (Jawi spelling کوريتا, plural kurita-kurita)

کوريتا (Jawi)
kurita-kurita (plural)
gurita (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kuʀita, from Proto-Austronesian *guʀiCa. Cognate with Kavalan qlita, Paiwan guritsa, Ilocano kurita, Cebuano kugita, Javanese gurita, Malagasy horita, Fijian kuita, Marshallese kweet.


rajin

> Indonesian: rajin (inherited)

First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (rājin).

hardworking; diligent; industrious; studious

merajinkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]


pembaris

pembaris (Jawi spelling ڤمباريس, plural pembaris-pembaris)

ڤمباريس (Jawi)
pembaris-pembaris (plural)

Affixation of peng- + baris.
Derogatory sense by analogy with adjective lurus meaning both “straight” and “honest”.

Ini pembaris siapa?

A ruler; a narrow flat object usually used to draw straight lines and measure things.

(Malaysia, derogatory) simpleton, someone who is literal-minded.


loceng

loceng (Jawi spelling لوچيڠ, plural loceng-loceng)

لوچيڠ (Jawi)
loceng-loceng (plural)
lonceng (alternative)


filem

filem (Jawi spelling فيلم, plural filem-filem)

فيلم (Jawi)
filem-filem (plural)
film (alternative Indonesia)
filam (alternative)

From English film. Earlier spelled filam. The current spelling was adopted from Indonesian filem in an effort to standardise Malay and Indonesian spelling (although it is now film that is standard in Indonesian).


pegawai

pegawai (Jawi spelling ڤݢاواي, plural pegawai-pegawai)

Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian


setiausaha

Compound of setia + usaha. Coined by the Pakatan Belajar Mengajar Pengetahuan Bahasa in Johore late 19th century.


pakaian

ms-noun

pakaian (Jawi spelling ڤاکاين, plural pakaian-pakaian)

Aku suka pakaian berwarna merah.


Republik China

ms-proper noun

Républik China (Jawi spelling Main:Republik China)

Républik China (canonical)
Main:Republik China (Jawi)

Republic of China
Republic of China#English:_Q865

Republic of China (official name of Taiwan, a partly-recognized country in East Asia; the rump state left over from the Republic of China on the mainland after 1949)


gusi

ms-noun

gusi (Jawi spelling ݢوسي, plural gusi-gusi)

Indonesian: gusi

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gusi (“gums”), from Proto-Austronesian *gusi (“gums”).


sulam

Indonesian: sulam

From Proto-Malayic *sulam, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sulam (“to pierce with a needle”).

inh

to embroider (to stitch a decorative design on fabric with needle and thread)


Mekah

Mecca (a large city in the Hejaz, Saudi Arabia, the holiest place in Islam)


cakap

Baba Malay: chakap

Indonesian: cakap

From Proto-Malayic (compare Iban jako), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *cakəp.


kehidupan

ms-noun

kĕhidupan (Jawi spelling کهيدوڤن, plural kehidupan-kehidupan)

kĕhidupan (canonical)
کهيدوڤن (Jawi)
kehidupan-kehidupan (plural)

> Indonesian: kêhidupan (inherited)

Affixed hidup + ke- -an. Doublet of kuripan.


nyanyi

nyanyi (Jawi spelling ڽاڽي, plural nyanyi-nyanyi)


kerongkong

kĕrongkong (Jawi spelling کروڠکوڠ, plural kerongkong-kerongkong)

kĕrongkong (canonical)
کروڠکوڠ (Jawi)
kerongkong-kerongkong (plural)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaRuŋkuŋ (“gullet, throat”).


tahan

Indonesian: tahan

→ Cantonese: 打限 (daa² haan⁶)

→ English: tahan

→ Min Nan: 打限 (tá-hān)

From Proto-Malayic *tahan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqan.

dipertahankan [causative passive + patient focus + causative benefactive]

pertahani [causative passive + causative benefactive]

pertahankan [causative passive + causative benefactive]

to maintain; to preserve; peR- + meN- + -kan

memertahankan [causative passive + agent focus + causative benefactive]

menahani [agent focus + causative benefactive]

menahankan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

tertahani [agentless action + causative benefactive]

tertahan-tahan [reduplication + agentless action]

tahan lapar

tahan sakit

to endure, to bear, to withstand, to resist

(of a disease) to improve, to be on the mend


tahan

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqan, *taqan, from Proto-Austronesian *taqan (“to set a trap, to set a snare”).

to cast a net (to catch fish), to set a trap (to catch animal, fish, etc.)


tahan

ms-noun

tahan (Jawi spelling تاهن, plural tahan-tahan)

(navigation) a rope installed from the top of a mast to the rear of a boat


tembok

tembok (Jawi spelling تيمبوق, plural tembok-tembok)

From Aslian. Compare Kensiu tɛmɔʔ (“gravel road”).


gembira

From Sanskrit गम्भीर (gambhīra, “deep”).


gembira

Indonesian: gembira

menggembirakan [agent focus + causative benefactive]


kebun

kĕbun (Jawi spelling کبون, plural kebun-kebun)

kĕbun (canonical)
کبون (Jawi)
kebun-kebun (plural)

Indonesian: kebun

→ Banjarese: kabun (hulu)

→ Minangkabau: kabun

North Moluccan Malay: kobóng

Borrowed from Old Javanese kĕbon, kĕbwan (“garden, plantation”) (compare to Javanese ꦏꦼꦧꦺꦴꦤ꧀ (kebon, “garden, plantation”)), affixed form of bwah, wwah (“fruit”). Equivalent to buah + ke- -an.

cog

garden, plantation, orchard, piece of land


tahang

ms-noun

tahang (Jawi spelling تاهڠ, plural tahang-tahang)

From Hokkien 桶 (tháng). Doublet of tong.


kegemaran

kĕgĕmaran (Jawi spelling کݢمرن, plural kegemaran-kegemaran)

kĕgĕmaran (canonical)
کݢمرن (Jawi)
kegemaran-kegemaran (plural)


bersih

bĕrsih (canonical)
برسيه (Jawi)
berseh (alternative)


elok

Indonesian: elok

cuaca elok

good, fine, excellent (of an action or circumstance)

tulisan elok


pelancong

pelancong (Jawi spelling ڤلنچوڠ, plural pelancong-pelancong)

ڤلنچوڠ (Jawi)
pelancong-pelancong (plural)


berniaga

Indonesian: berniaga

→ Cebuano: banyaga

→ Ilocano: baniaga

→ Kapampangan: banyaga

→ Maguindanao: banyaga

→ Mansaka: banyaga

→ Portuguese: veniaga

→ Tagalog: banyaga

From Sanskrit वाणिज्यक (vāṇijyaka, “trader”), from Sanskrit वणिज् (vaṇij, “trade, commerce; merchant”).


berniaga

ber- + niaga from back-formation from berniaga


niaga

Back-formation from beniaga or berniaga (“trading”), borrowed from Sanskrit वाणिज्यक (vāṇijyaka, “trader”) from Sanskrit वणिज् (vaṇij, “trade, commerce; merchant”).


niaga

Indonesian: niaga


mengajar

Indonesian: mengajar


empuan

ms-noun

ĕmpuan (Jawi spelling امڤوان, plural empuan-empuan)

ĕmpuan (canonical)
امڤوان (Jawi)
empuan-empuan (plural)


hendak

duit hendak membayar hutang


hendak

Indonesian: hendak

Saya hendak roti dan aiskrim.

Dia hendak memanjat pokok itu.


betara

bĕtara (Jawi spelling بتارا, plural betara-betara)

bĕtara (canonical)
بتارا (Jawi)
betara-betara (plural)

From Sanskrit भट्टार (bhaṭṭāra). Doublet of berhala.


patut

Indonesian: patut

→ Urak Lawoi': ปาโตยจ (patoc)

Borrowed from Old Javanese patūt. Doublet of anut and turut.

mematutkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dipatutkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


patut

Kita patut tolong mereka.


kahwin

Indonesian: kawin

→ Min Nan: 交寅 (kau-în)

From Arabic كَاوِين (kāwīn, “marriage; dowry”). Compare Persian کابین (kâbin, “a marriage portion, settlement, or dower due a woman in case of divorce or upon the death of the husband”).

cog

perkahwinan [causative passive + resultative


akhbar

ms-noun

akhbar (Jawi spelling اخبار, plural akhbar-akhbar)

Indonesian: akhbar

From Arabic أَخْبَار (ʔaḵbār). Related to khabar.

bor

Arabic أَخْبَار (ʔaḵbār)

press: the print-based media (both the people and the newspapers).


hakis

Blend of habis (“entirely”) + kikis (“to scrape”).

blend

Tanah menghakis


pukul

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pukul (“to hit with a stick”).


pukul

ms-noun

pukul (Jawi spelling ڤوکول, plural pukul-pukul)

Pukul berapa?

pukul tiga


purba

Indonesian: purba

Borrowed from Sanskrit पूर्व (pūrva, “initial, first”).


perdana

Indonesian: perdana


perdana menteri

ms-noun

perdana menteri (Jawi spelling ڤردان منتري, plural perdana menteri-perdana menteri or para perdana menteri)

ڤردان منتري (Jawi)
perdana menteri-perdana menteri (plural)
para perdana menteri (plural)
PM (alternative initialism)

Indonesian: perdana menteri

Compound of perdana + menteri from Sanskrit प्रधान मंत्री (pradhāna maṃtrī) based on English prime minister.

bor

प्रधान मंत्री

Perdana Menteri Malaysia

Perdana Menteri Belanda

Perdana Menteri United Kingdom


kapal terbang

ms-noun

kapal tĕrbang (Jawi spelling کاڤل تربڠ, plural kapal-kapal terbang)

kapal tĕrbang (canonical)
کاڤل تربڠ (Jawi)
kapal-kapal terbang (plural)

> Indonesian: kapal terbang (inherited)

→ Tausug: kappal tarbang


bumiputera

bumiputĕra (Jawi spelling بوميڤوترا, plural bumiputera-bumiputera)

bumiputĕra (canonical)
بوميڤوترا (Jawi)
bumiputera-bumiputera (plural)

→ English: bumiputra

→ Tausug: bumiputla'

bumi (“land, soil”) + putera (“son, prince”); equivalent to Sanskrit भूमिपुत्र (bhūmiputra, “son of the land”). Cognate of Indonesian bumiputra.

cog

bumiputra, the native people of Malaysia or Brunei


muzik

موزيک (Jawi)
musik (alternative Indonesia)

Borrowed from English music or Dutch muziek, latter first attested directly in the Kitab Vortaro published in 1923.

A composition of sounds that produces a form and melody that are lovely and soothing; music.


buncis

head

buncis (Jawi spelling بونچيس, usually used in the form kacang buncis)

بونچيس (Jawi)
kacang buncis (used-in-the-form usually)

Indonesian: buncis

Borrowed from Dutch boontjes (“small beans”). Attested in 1901.


lokap

ms-noun

lokap (Jawi spelling لوکڤ, plural lokap-lokap)

Kau mahu bersurai, atau mahu masuk lokap?

Do you want to disperse or get in a lockup?


lokap

head

lokap (Jawi spelling لوکڤ, active melokap, 3rd person passive dilokap)

لوکڤ (Jawi)
melokap (active)
dilokap (passive third-person)

Seorang lelaki dilokap polis selepas didapati memandu kereta dalam keadaan mabuk.

A man has been detained by police after he was caught driving under the influence.

To detain someone and have them be put in a lockup.


sejahtera

ms-noun

sĕjahtĕra (Jawi spelling سجهترا, plural sejahtera-sejahtera)

sĕjahtĕra (canonical)
سجهترا (Jawi)
sejahtera-sejahtera (plural)

Probably from Sanskrit साच्- (sāc-) + छत्त्र (chattra, “parasol, umbrella, Chattar (royal ensign)”), literally “under government protection”, or alternatively from साध्य (sādhya).


sejahtera

Indonesian: sejahtera

→ Tausug: sajahitra'

menyejahterakan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

disejahterakan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


KL

initialism of Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia


Negara Brunei Darussalam

ms-proper noun

نݢارا بروني دارالسلام

Negara Brunei Darussalam (Jawi spelling نݢارا بروني دارالسلام)

نݢارا بروني دارالسلام (Jawi)

Negara Brunei Darussalam
Negara Brunei Darussalam#English:_Q921

Negara Brunei Darussalam (the full name of the nation of Brunei)


raksasa

Borrowed from Sanskrit राक्षस (rākṣasa, “demon”).

bor+

(figurative) enormous, gargantuan, gigantic, humongous, supertall


raksasa

ms-noun

raksasa (Jawi spelling رقساس, plural raksasa-raksasa)

> Indonesian: raksasa (inherited)

(Buddhism, Hinduism) a member of a race of usually-evil human-like monsters who eat people; an ogre


perubatan

perubatan (Jawi spelling ڤراوبتن, plural perubatan-perubatan)

ڤراوبتن (Jawi)
perubatan-perubatan (plural)

desc

Indonesian: perobatan (“medicine, treatment: the use of a substance”)

Affixed ubat + per- -an. Compare to Indonesian perobatan.


kesihatan

ms-noun

kesihatan (Jawi spelling کصيحتن, plural kesihatan-kesihatan)

کصيحتن (Jawi)
kesihatan-kesihatan (plural)
kesehatan (alternative)


pejabat

pejabat (Jawi spelling ڤجابت, plural pejabat-pejabat)

pe- + jabat. Coined by the Pakatan Belajar Mengajar Pengetahuan Bahasa in Johore late 19th century with intention to replace English loanword opis; first attested in the Buku Katan published in 1936 by the same institution.


sihat

صيحت (Jawi)
sehat (alternative Indonesia)

Indonesian: sehat

→ Minangkabau: siek

Healthy:
Not inflicted with any diseases.

Healthy:
(figurative) In good condition.

Healthy:
Proceeding in a favourable manner.


pembedahan

ms-noun

pembedahan (Jawi spelling ڤمبدهن, plural pembedahan-pembedahan)

ڤمبدهن (Jawi)
pembedahan-pembedahan (plural)


keping

> Indonesian: keping (inherited)

Classifier for thin, flat, and wide objects.


tandatangan

tandatangan (Jawi spelling تنداتاڠن, plural tandatangan-tandatangan)

تنداتاڠن (Jawi)
tandatangan-tandatangan (plural)

> Indonesian: tandatangan (inherited)

→ Tausug: tandatangan

Compound of tanda (“sign; mark; symbol”) + tangan (“hand”). Literally, “hand sign/mark”.

com+

menandatangani [agent focus + causative benefactive]

menandatangankan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

ditandatangani [patient focus + causative benefactive]

ditandatangankan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


antarabangsa

انتارابڠسا (Jawi)
antarbangsa (alternative)

Compound of antara (“between”) + bangsa (“nation”), calque of English international.

perhubungan antarabangsa

lapangan terbang antarabangsa

Of or having to do with more than one nation; international.

mengantarabangsakan [agent focus + causative benefactive]


hubung

هوبوڠ (Jawi)
hubong (alternative dialectal)

perhubungan [causative passive + resultative

menghubungkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

menghubungi [agent focus + causative benefactive]


lapangan

ms-noun

lapangan (Jawi spelling لاڤڠن, plural lapangan-lapangan)


کمبيڠ

کمبيڠ (plural کمبيڠ-کمبيڠ or کمبيڠ٢)


بوکو

بوکو (plural بوکو-بوکو or بوکو٢)


تيکوس

تيکوس (plural تيکوس-تيکوس or تيکوس٢)


تتيکوس

تتيکوس (plural تتيکوس-تتيکوس or تتيکوس٢)

تتيکوس-تتيکوس (plural)
تتيکوس٢ (plural)


کرباو

کرباو (plural کرباو-کرباو or کرباو٢)


کوچيڠ

کوچيڠ (plural کوچيڠ-کوچيڠ or کوچيڠ٢)


ݢاجه

ݢاجه (plural ݢاجه-ݢاجه or ݢاجه٢)


سکوله

سکوله (plural سکوله-سکوله or سکوله٢)


ناسي

ناسي (plural ناسي-ناسي or ناسي٢)


اکسارا

اکسارا (plural اکسارا-اکسارا or اکسارا٢)

اکسارا-اکسارا (plural)
اکسارا٢ (plural)


بهاس

بهاس (plural بهاس-بهاس or بهاس٢)


karipap

karipap (Jawi spelling کاريڤڤ, plural karipap-karipap)


کاريڤڤ

کاريڤڤ (plural کاريڤڤ-کاريڤڤ or کاريڤڤ٢)

کاريڤڤ-کاريڤڤ (plural)
کاريڤڤ٢ (plural)


هيدوڠ

هيدوڠ (plural هيدوڠ-هيدوڠ or هيدوڠ٢)


اورڠ

اورڠ (plural اورڠ-اورڠ or اورڠ٢)


ڤاري

ڤاري (plural ڤاري-ڤاري or ڤاري٢)


کرتس

کرتس (plural کرتس-کرتس or کرتس٢)


کاتق

کاتق (plural کاتق-کاتق or کاتق٢)


کاتيل

کاتيل (plural کاتيل-کاتيل or کاتيل٢)


-ans

From English -ance, from Middle English -aunce, -ance, from Anglo-Norman -aunce and continental Old French -ance, from Latin -antia, -entia.

ambulans

insurans

varians


باهو

باهو (plural باهو-باهو or باهو٢)


بولا

بولا (plural بولا-بولا or بولا٢)


دوسا

دوسا (plural دوسا-دوسا or دوسا٢)


کاليندر

کاليندر (plural کاليندر-کاليندر or کاليندر٢)

کاليندر-کاليندر (plural)
کاليندر٢ (plural)


اونيۏرسيتي

اونيۏرسيتي (plural اونيۏرسيتي-اونيۏرسيتي or اونيۏرسيتي٢)

اونيۏرسيتي-اونيۏرسيتي (plural)
اونيۏرسيتي٢ (plural)
يونيباسيتي (alternative obsolete)


senjata

senjata (Jawi spelling سنجات, plural senjata-senjata)

> Indonesian: senjata (inherited)

→ Kapampangan: sandata

→ Tagalog: sandata

→ Tausug: sanjata'

[səɲˈd͡ʒa.t̪ə]

Borrowed from Sanskrit संयत्त (saṃyatta, “prepared, ready, being on one's guard”) or सज्जता (sajjatā, "preparation").


سنجات

ms-noun

سنجات (plural سنجات-سنجات or سنجات٢)


ڤمبونوه

ڤمبونوه (plural ڤمبونوه-ڤمبونوه or ڤمبونوه٢)

ڤمبونوه-ڤمبونوه (plural)
ڤمبونوه٢ (plural)


کومن

کومن (plural کومن-کومن or کومن٢)


کات

کات (plural کات-کات or کات٢)


ايڤل

ايڤل (plural ايڤل-ايڤل or ايڤل٢)


ڤيسڠ

ڤيسڠ (plural ڤيسڠ-ڤيسڠ or ڤيسڠ٢)


بواه

بواه (plural بواه-بواه or بواه٢)


اڠݢور

اڠݢور (plural اڠݢور-اڠݢور or اڠݢور٢)


لايچي

لايچي (plural لايچي-لايچي or لايچي٢)


مڠکوق

مڠکوق (plural مڠکوق-مڠکوق or مڠکوق٢)


ݢرڤو

ݢرڤو (plural ݢرڤو-ݢرڤو or ݢرڤو٢)


ݢلس

ݢلس (plural ݢلس-ݢلس or ݢلس٢)


ڤيساو

ڤيساو (plural ڤيساو-ڤيساو or ڤيساو٢)


سودو

سودو (plural سودو-سودو or سودو٢)


کروسي

کروسي (plural کروسي-کروسي or کروسي٢)


ميجا

ميجا (plural ميجا-ميجا or ميجا٢)


کومڤوتر

کومڤوتر (plural کومڤوتر-کومڤوتر or کومڤوتر٢)

کومڤوتر-کومڤوتر (plural)
کومڤوتر٢ (plural)


الت

الت (plural الت-الت or الت٢)


faringitis

فاريڠيتيس (Jawi)


bandaraya

bandaraya (Jawi spelling باندرراي, plural bandaraya-bandaraya)

باندرراي (Jawi)
bandaraya-bandaraya (plural)

(nonstandard) Alternative spelling of bandar raya


rumah panjang

rumah panjang (Jawi spelling رومه ڤنجڠ, plural rumah-rumah panjang)

رومه ڤنجڠ (Jawi)
rumah-rumah panjang (plural)

Indonesian: rumah panjang

longhouse (especially that of the traditional ethnic groups of Borneo)


ݢودڠ

ݢودڠ (plural ݢودڠ-ݢودڠ or ݢودڠ٢)


surau

Indonesian: surau

→ English: surau

→ Thai: สุเหร่า (sù-rào)

→ Pattani Malay: سوغا / ซูรฺา

Possibly from Sanskrit सुरौकस् (suraukas, “abode of the gods”).

der

(Islam) surau: a small mosque or other Islamic assembly building in parts of Sumatra and the Malay peninsula.

Surau tersebut terletak dekat bilik matematik.

The surau is located near the mathematics classroom.

(Islam): a small room in any public building where Muslims pray.


Kampong Ayer

From kampong (“village”) + ayer (“water”), based on Johor-Riau Malay pronunciation (Za'aba spelling), which is not native to Brunei. The standard Malay equivalent would be Kampung Air.

Kampung Air (alternative)
Kg. Ayer (alternative)

Bandar Seri Begawan
Bandar Seri Begawan#English

Kampong Ayer (water village housing more than 30,000 people in Brunei's capital Bandar Seri Begawan)


indah

From Javanese ꦲꦶꦤ꧀ꦢꦃ (indah), from Old Javanese indah.

indah permai

beautiful, lovely, attractive, fine, precious

memperindah [causative passive + agent focus]

diperindah [causative passive + patient focus]

mengindahkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

diindahkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


innalillahiwainnailaihirojiun

Borrowed from Arabic إِنَّا لِلَّٰهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ (innā li-llāhi wa-ʔinnā ʔilayhi rājiʕūna).

bor

inna lillahi wa inna ilaihi raji'un (alternative)

(Islam) Inna Lillahi wa inna ilaihi raji'un (“We surely belong to Allah and to Him we shall return”) (used when a person experiences a tragedy in life, mostly used when hearing news that a person has died)


masyarakat

ms-noun

masyarakat (Jawi spelling مشارکت, plural masyarakat-masyarakat)

مشارکت (Jawi)
masyarakat-masyarakat (plural)
masarakat (alternative misspelling)
musyarakah (alternative archaic)
musyarakat (alternative archaic)

Indonesian: masyarakat

Ultimately from Arabic مُشَارَكَة (mušāraka).

masyarakat berbilang kaum

to be released from prison and back to the society; di- + -kan

dimasyarakatkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


raut

Malay: rotan

Indonesian: rotan

Indonesian: raut

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *raut (“peel rattan”), from Proto-Austronesian *rauC (“peel rattan, bamboo”).


persekitaran

ms-noun

pĕrsĕkitaran (Jawi spelling ڤرسکيترن, plural persekitaran-persekitaran)

pĕrsĕkitaran (canonical)
ڤرسکيترن (Jawi)
persekitaran-persekitaran (plural)

From sekitar (“around, nearby”) + per- -an; sekitar is in turn from se- + kitar (“cycle”).

persekitaran perniagaan

kesihatan persekitaran


mayat

mayat (Jawi spelling ميت, plural mayat-mayat)

ميت (Jawi)
mayat-mayat (plural)
mait (alternative)
ميت (alternative)

Borrowed from Arabic مَيْت (mayt). Partly displaced native bangkai, now usage only restricted for animals.


جوا

جوا (plural جوا-جوا or جوا٢)


angpau

angpau (Jawi spelling اڠڤاو, plural angpau-angpau)

From Hokkien 紅包／红包 (âng-pau, “red packet”).

red envelope; ang pow: A red envelope which one fills with money and gives as a gift in many Asian countries, especially to children and unmarried people on Chinese New Year.


kembali

perkembalian [causative passive + resultative

mengembalikan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dikembalikan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

kembali ke rahmatullah

to pass away, lit. to return to the grace of God

to go back, to return (From one place to another)


kesatria

From Sanskrit क्षत्रिय (kṣatriya, “warrior-king”).

uder

(Hinduism) a member of the Kshatriya social class in ancient Hindu society


lumba

ms-noun

lumba (Jawi spelling لومبا, plural lumba-lumba)

Indonesian: lomba

Lumba lari


salib

salib (Jawi spelling صليب, plural salib-salib)


-fon

Borrowed from English -phone or Dutch -foon.

telefon

xilofon

alofon


budaya

budaya (Jawi spelling بودايا, plural budaya-budaya)

From Sanskrit बुद्धयः (buddhayaḥ), plural of बुद्धि (buddhi).

intellectual capacity (the faculty of reasoning and understanding)

culture (the arts, customs, lifestyles, background, and habits that characterize a particular society or nation)

(colloquial) tendency, habit, norm (a pervasively engrained practice, especially one that is hard to give up)


Tanjung Verde

ms-proper noun

Tanjung Verde (Jawi spelling تنجوڠ ۏردي)

تنجوڠ ۏردي (Jawi)

Compound of Tanjung (“cape”) + Verde, a calque of English Cape Verde, from Portuguese Cabo Verde (“Green Cape”).

Cape Verde (an archipelago and country in West Africa)


ناتڠ

ms-noun

ناتڠ (plural ناتڠ-ناتڠ or ناتڠ٢)


kantor pos

(Indonesia) synonym of pejabat pos (“post office”), see Indonesian kantor pos for more information.


pejabat pos

pejabat pos (Jawi spelling ڤجابت ڤوس, plural pejabat-pejabat pos)

ڤجابت ڤوس (Jawi)
pejabat-pejabat pos (plural)

(Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore) post office


teluk

teluk (Jawi spelling تلوق, plural teluk-teluk)

Indonesian: teluk

→ Chinese: 直落 (Zhíluò)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təluk (“curved, as a shoreline”).


musuh

ms-noun

musuh (Jawi spelling موسوه, plural musuh-musuh)

Indonesian: musuh

permusuhan [causative passive + resultative

memusuhi [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dimusuhi [patient focus + causative benefactive]


musim dingin

musim dingin (plural musim-musim dingin)


musim hujan

Indonesian: musim hujan


musim kemarau

musim kemarau (plural musim-musim kemarau)

Indonesian: musim kemarau


musim bunga

From musim (“season”) + bunga (“flower”).


musim luruh

From musim (“season”) + luruh (“to shed”).


pengetahuan

pengetahuan (Jawi spelling ڤڠتاهوان, plural pengetahuan-pengetahuan)

ڤڠتاهوان (Jawi)
pengetahuan-pengetahuan (plural)

> Indonesian: pengetahuan (inherited)


wajah

wajah (Jawi spelling واجه, plural wajah-wajah)

Indonesian: wajah

Borrowed from Arabic وَجْه (wajh, “face”).

bor+

mewajahi [agent focus + causative benefactive]


lekuk

ms-noun

lekuk (Jawi spelling لکوق, plural lekuk-lekuk)


guling

Indonesian: guling

From (western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *guliŋ, root form *-liŋ (turn, revolve, turn around), Possible cognate with Eastern Cham galuṇg.


kornea

kornea (Jawi spelling کورنيا, plural kornea-kornea)


farisi

farisi (Jawi spelling فاريسي, plural farisi-farisi)

فاريسي (Jawi)
farisi-farisi (plural)
Farisi (alternative capitalized)


peranti

peranti (Jawi spelling ڤرنتي, plural peranti-peranti)

Indonesian: peranti

From Old Javanese paranti (“expedient, tool, ready, place”). Cognate of Javanese ꦥꦶꦫꦤ꧀ꦠꦶ (piranti).


mengaktifkan

(transitive) to activate, to enable (to put something into action)


perisian jahat

ms-noun

perisian jahat (plural perisian-perisian jahat)


perisian

ڤرايسين (Jawi)

Tempoh 100 hari diberikan selepas pengumuman pengharaman bagi membolehkan perniagaan yang menggunakan perisian Kaspersky mencari alternatif dalam masa terdekat.

2024 June 21, Amanz, “Perisian Kaspersky diharamkan di Amerika Syarikat”, in Astro Awani:

A 100-day period was given after the ban announcement to allow businesses using Kaspersky software to find alternatives in due course.


berbahaya

بربهاي (Jawi)

Indonesian: berbahaya


berniat jahat

berniat (“intentioned”) + jahat (“evil”)


mengedit

مڠيديت (Jawi)


suntingan

suntingan (Jawi spelling سونتيڠن, plural suntingan-suntingan)

سونتيڠن (Jawi)
suntingan-suntingan (plural)


alih suara

alih suara (Jawi spelling اليه سوارا, plural alih-alih suara)

اليه سوارا (Jawi)
alih-alih suara (plural)


menghidupkan

(transitive) to switch on, to turn on, to enable (to put a device into action or activate a function of an electronic device)


pengimbas

pengimbas (Jawi spelling ڤڠيمبس, plural pengimbas-pengimbas)

ڤڠيمبس (Jawi)
pengimbas-pengimbas (plural)


penggera palsu

penggera palsu (plural penggera-penggera palsu)


kajang

kajang (Jawi spelling کاجڠ, plural kajang-kajang)

Indonesian: kajang

mengajangi [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dikajangi [patient focus + causative benefactive]


tampi

Indonesian: tampi


tarian

tarian (Jawi spelling تارين, plural tarian-tarian)


sahur

sahur (Jawi spelling سحور, plural sahur-sahur)

(Islam) suhur, a pre-dawn breakfast during the Ramadan fasting


kupi

kupi (Jawi spelling کوڤي, plural kupi-kupi)

Borrowed from Sanskrit कूप (kūpa, “leather oil vessel”) via Old Javanese.

bor

(East Coast Peninsular) tin can, metal receptacle for liquids or preserved foods.


mutakhir

متاخير (Jawi)


menyahaktifkan

(transitive) to deactivate, to disable (to put something out of action)


palsu

Indonesian: palsu

Peranakan Indonesian: palsoe

Borrowed from Portuguese falso (“untrue, fake”).


tetingkap

ms-noun

tetingkap (Jawi spelling تتيڠکڤ, plural tetingkap-tetingkap)

تتيڠکڤ (Jawi)
tetingkap-tetingkap (plural)

Partial reduplication of tingkap (“window”).


mematikan

(transitive) to turn off, to shut down, to disable (to put a mechanism, device or system out of operation)


mesin taip

mesin taip (Jawi spelling ميسين تايڤ, plural mesin-mesin taip)

ميسين تايڤ (Jawi)
mesin-mesin taip (plural)

mesin (“machine”) + taip (“to type”), calque of English typewriter.


perosak

perosak (Jawi spelling ڤروسق, plural perosak-perosak)

ڤروسق (Jawi)
perosak-perosak (plural)
perusak (alternative)


Raya

Hari Raya Aidilfitri
Hari Raya Aidilfitri#Malay

(Malaysia, informal) ellipsis of Hari Raya Aidilfitri, Eid al-Fitr, the Muslim festival that marks the end of the Ramadan fast.

Hari Raya Aidilfitri

Raya Haji: Eid al-Adha

Raya Cina: Chinese New Year

(Malaysia, informal) any important celebratory occasion of a similar scale


jari tengah

jari tengah (Jawi spelling جاري تڠه, plural jari-jari tengah)

جاري تڠه (Jawi)
jari-jari tengah (plural)

Compound of jari (“finger”) + tengah (“middle”).


اورڠ اوتن

ms-noun

اورڠ اوتن (plural اورڠ-اورڠ اوتن or اورڠ٢ اوتن)

اورڠ-اورڠ اوتن (plural)
اورڠ٢ اوتن (plural)


imigresen

imigrésén (Jawi spelling ايميݢريسين, plural imigresen-imigresen)

imigrésén (canonical)
ايميݢريسين (Jawi)
imigresen-imigresen (plural)
imigresyen (alternative)
imigreshen (alternative)
imigrasi (alternative)

Jabatan Imigresen

(Malaysia, Singapore) immigration, the act of immigrating; the passing or coming into a country of which one is not native born for the purpose of permanent residence.


kontena

konténa (Jawi spelling کونتينا, plural kontena-kontena)

konténa (canonical)
کونتينا (Jawi)
kontena-kontena (plural)
kontainêr (alternative)


akaun

From English account, from Middle English, from Anglo-Norman acunte (“account”), from Old French aconte, from aconter (“to reckon”), from Latin computō (“to sum up”). Cognate to Tok Pisin akaun, Tagalog akuenta, and Indonesian akun.

(accounting) A registry of pecuniary transactions; a written or printed statement of business dealings or debts and credits, and also of other things subjected to a reckoning or review.

akaun YouTube

An account:
(computing, Internet) A user account.

(banking) Savings stored in a bank and the records related with it.

(informal) The field or subject of accounting.


kicap

→? English: ketchup (probable but uncertain) (see there for further descendants)

From Hokkien 膎汁 (kê-chiap, “fish brine”). Compare Kapampangan kesiap.


upacara

upacara (Jawi spelling اوڤاچارا, plural upacara-upacara)

اوڤاچارا (Jawi)
upacara-upacara (plural)

Indonesian: upacara


hari lahir

> Indonesian: hari lahir (inherited)

Compound of hari (“day”) + lahir (“birth”).


Hakim

Borrowed from Arabic حَكِيم (ḥakīm, “wise”).


sanggama

ms-noun

sanggama (Jawi spelling سڠݢام, plural sanggama-sanggama)

From Sanskrit सङ्गम (saṅgama, “intercourse, sexual union”), sense of political union from conflation with Sanskrit सङ्घ (saṅgha) (compare with Thai สังคม (sǎng-kom) and Tamil சங்கம் (caṅkam))

bor

(archaic) union, association, confederation, sangha


sanggama

bersanggama (used-in-the-form)
senggama (alternative)


inovator

ms-noun

inovator (Jawi spelling اينوۏاتور, plural inovator-inovator)

اينوۏاتور (Jawi)
inovator-inovator (plural)


utusan

utusan (Jawi spelling اوتوسن, plural utusan-utusan)


ulit

Indonesian: ulit

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hulij, from Proto-Austronesian *Sulij (“to lie or sleep next to”).

inh

mengulit-ulit [reduplication + agent focus]

mengulitkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

menguliti [agent focus + causative benefactive]

diulit-ulit [reduplication + patient focus]

diulitkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

diuliti [patient focus + causative benefactive]


daing

ms-noun

daing (Jawi spelling داءيڠ, plural daing-daing)

داءيڠ (Jawi)
daing-daing (plural)
daeng (alternative)

Indonesian: daing

→ Cebuano: daing

→ Ilocano: daing
→ Ivatan: daing

→ Tagalog: daing
→ English: daing

minta darah pada daing


pontianak

From portmanteau in Sanggau pontianak, ponti (“carry”) + anak (“child”).

A female vampiric ghost, said to be the spirit of a woman who died while pregnant.


meleis

From a humorous misspelling of English Malays, itself from Melayu. It was also based on English malaise, meaning "illness" or "problem".

(humorous, Internet slang, derogatory) Malay people who behave with a backwards attitude, especially with conservative, racist, or extremely religious views.

cainis

derogatory term for Chinese people who behave in a very arrogant manner


عفريت

عفريت (plural عفريت-عفريت or عفريت٢)


gandum

gandum (Jawi spelling ݢندوم, plural gandum-gandum)

ݢندوم (Jawi)
gandum-gandum (plural)
gandoem (alternative)

Indonesian: gandum

From Persian گندم (gandom), from Middle Persian 𐫃𐫗𐫇𐫖 (gnwm /gannum/, “wheat”), (in book Pahlavi 𐭤𐭢 (Hᵍ /gan(d)um/)), from Proto-Iranian, from possibly Semitic (compare Proto-Semitic *ḥnṭ).


kimpal

Indonesian: kimpal


kimpal

mengimpalkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dikimpalkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


tukil

ms-noun

tukil (Jawi spelling توکيل, plural tukil-tukil)

Indonesian: tukil

tebuan dalam tukil

making a terrible buzz, fig. for the devil of a fuss


makna

makna (Jawi spelling معنا, plural makna-makna)


tukang

tukang (Jawi spelling توکڠ, plural tukang-tukang)

> Indonesian: tukang (inherited)

→ Javanese: ꦠꦸꦏꦁ (tukang)

tukang masak

tukang besi

tukang gambar

tukang mabuk


penilaian

penilaian (Jawi spelling ڤنيلاين, plural penilaian-penilaian)

ڤنيلاين (Jawi)
penilaian-penilaian (plural)


pergerakan

pergerakan (Jawi spelling ڤرݢرقن, plural pergerakan-pergerakan)

ڤرݢرقن (Jawi)
pergerakan-pergerakan (plural)

Indonesian: pergerakan

movement (trend in various fields or social categories)


lemang

lemang (Jawi spelling لمڠ, plural lemang-lemang)

Indonesian: lêmang

Inherited from Proto-Malayic [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ləməŋ. Cognate of Minangkabau lamang.

lemang (glutinous rice and coconut milk cooked in a bamboo vessel)

(Malaysia, Singapore, chiefly Internet slang) penis


Usman

عُثْمَان (Jawi)

Ultimately from Arabic عُثْمَان (ʕuṯmān).

bor

Arabic عُثْمَان (ʕuṯmān)


Ishak

From Arabic إِسْحَاقَ (ʔisḥāqa). Doublet of Sehak.

Arabic إِسْحَاقَ (ʔisḥāqa)


sotong kurita

ms-noun

sotong kurita (plural sotong-sotong kurita)


kakaktua

desctree

→ Dutch: kaketoe, kakatoe (superseded)
Afrikaans: kaketoe
→ English: cockatoo
→ Irish: cocatú
→ Maori: kokatu, koketu
→ German: Kakadu
→ Bulgarian: какаду́ (kakadú)
→ Czech: kakadu
→ Finnish: kakadu
→ Hungarian: kakadu
→ Macedonian: какаду́ (kakadú)
→ Norwegian: kakadu
→ Polish: kakadu
→ Romanian: cacadu
→ Russian: какаду́ (kakadú)
→ Swedish: kakadua

→ Greek: κακατόης (kakatóis)

Indonesian: kakaktua

→ Italian: cacatua

→ Portuguese: cacatua, catatua
→ French: cacatoès

→ Spanish: cacatúa

desc

→ Thai: กระตั้ว

→ Thai: กระตั้ว

From kakak (“sister”) + tua (“old”) or onomatopoeic (kakak also meaning "to cackle, to laugh").


Ayub

ايوب (Jawi)
Ayyub (alternative)
Ayob (alternative)


otak-otak

[ˈot̪äʔ ˌot̪äʔ]


gomen

From English gomen, a Manglish clipping of government.

(Malaysia, colloquial, slang) The government.


intip

اينتيڤ (Jawi)

Indonesian: intip

to guard, to keep watch on, to keep a lookout over


pengintip

ms-noun

pengintip (Jawi spelling ڤڠينتيڤ, plural pengintip-pengintip)

ڤڠينتيڤ (Jawi)
pengintip-pengintip (plural)


pondan

pondan (Jawi spelling ڤوندن, plural pondan-pondan)

Borrowed from Tamil பெண்டன் (peṇṭaṉ). From Proto-Dravidian *peṇ.


biara

biara (Jawi spelling بيارا, plural biara-biara)


konteks

kontéks (Jawi spelling کونتيک س, plural konteks-konteks)

kontéks (canonical)
کونتيک س (Jawi)
konteks-konteks (plural)


usaha

usaha (Jawi spelling اوسها, plural usaha-usaha)

Indonesian: usaha

→ Tausug: usaha

→ Yakan: usaha

From Classical Malay اوسها (usaha), from Pali ussāha (“strength, power, energy; endeavour, good”), from Sanskrit उत्साह (utsāha).


bahagi

> Indonesian: bahagi, bagi (inherited)

→ Tagalog: bahagi

→ Tausug: bahagi'

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *bahagi, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baqagi.

membahagikan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dibahagikan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


kawad

ms-noun

kawad (Jawi spelling کاود, plural kawad-kawad)

Borrowed from Arabic قَوَاعِد (qawāʕid, “rule, pattern”). Doublet of kawat and kaedah.

bor

(Malaysia) row, file, line (of soldiers, troops)


kawad

(Malaysia) to march in a single file or line


زوجه

ms-noun

زوجه (plural زوجه-زوجه or زوجه٢)


buruj

buruj (Jawi spelling بروج, plural buruj-buruj)


khatulistiwa

khatulistiwa (Jawi spelling خط الاستواء, plural khatulistiwa-khatulistiwa)

خط الاستواء (Jawi)
khatulistiwa-khatulistiwa (plural)

der

Arabic خط الاستواء


kuota

ms-noun

kuota (Jawi spelling کووتا, plural kuota-kuota)


mahkamah

mahkamah (Jawi spelling محکمه, plural mahkamah-mahkamah)

Indonesian: mahkamah

Borrowed from Arabic مَحْكَمَة (maḥkama, “court”).


hadiah

hadiah (Jawi spelling هديه, plural hadiah-hadiah)

> Indonesian: hadiah (inherited)

→ Javanese: ꦲꦝꦶꦪꦃ (hadhiyah)

Borrowed from Arabic هَدِيَّة (hadiyya, “gift”).

bor+

Adam memberi kawannya sebatang pen sebagai hadiah.

Adam gave his friend a pen as a present.

Adam mendapat sebuah kereta sebagai hadiah daripada memenangi pertandingan itu.

Adam got a car as a prize from winning that that competition.


junjung

جونجوڠ (Jawi)

/d͡ʒuɲd͡ʒuŋ/

From (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zuŋzuŋ (“carry on the head”).

inh

(transitive) to carry something on the head, to support, to elevate, to lift

(transitive, figurative) to value highly


junjung

ms-noun

junjung (Jawi spelling جونجوڠ, plural junjung-junjung)

Indonesian: junjung

/d͡ʒuɲd͡ʒuŋ/

trellis, structure for supporting creeping plants


sempurna

سمڤورنا (Jawi)

From Sanskrit सम्पूर्ण (sampūrṇa) from पूर्ण (pūrṇá, “complete, entire, whole”). Compare with purnama (“full moon”).


tampak

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tapak. Doublet of dampak and nampak.


tampak

Indonesian: tampak


singki

singki (Jawi spelling سيڠکي, plural singki-singki)

سيڠکي (Jawi)
singki-singki (plural)
sinki (alternative)

→ Central Dusun: singki

→ Tausug: singki


palang

palang (Jawi spelling ڤالڠ, plural palang-palang)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *palaŋ. Cognate with Iban palang, Kelabit palang and Javanese ꦥꦭꦁ (palang, “obstacle, thwart”).

cog

A crossbar, crossbeam, crosspiece or bar.


palang

Indonesian: palang

(transitive) To install a crossbar or crosspiece on something.

(transitive) To mark a cross on something.


berbau

برباءو (Jawi)

Baju ini agak berbau.

Makanan ini berbau sedap.

(transitive) to have the smell of something or some quality

mesej berbau kebencian

(transitive) to possess a quality of something


mengabadikan

Formal active of abadikan (“to immortalize; to eternalize”).


pengabadian

ڤڠابادين (Jawi)


keabadian

ms-noun

keabadian (Jawi spelling کأبادين, plural keabadian-keabadian)

کأبادين (Jawi)
keabadian-keabadian (plural)


antu

(Pontianak, Sanggau) alternative spelling of hantu


ilahi

Ultimately from Arabic إِلٰهِي (ʔilāhī).


bahagia

بهاݢيا (Jawi)


bahagia

بهاݢيا (Jawi)

> Indonesian: bahagia (inherited)

bahagia akhirat

an environment of happiness and tranquility; peace


mempersuamikan

to make someone become someone's husband


mamak

mamak (Jawi spelling مامق, plural mamak-mamak)

→ Chinese:

Cantonese: 嘛嘛 (maa3 maa3)

Mandarin: 嘛嘛 (mama)

→ English: mamak

Indonesian: mamak

Several etymologies have been proposed:
* Borrowed from Tamil மாமா (māmā). Compare Telugu మామ (māma).
* Borrowed from Sanskrit मामा (māmā). Compare Hindi मामा (māmā), Marathi मामा (māmā).
* Inherited from Proto-Malayic *mama(ʔ), from Proto-Austronesian *ama-h. Compare Temuan mamak, Kerinci mamak, Kubu mamok, Tagalog mama.

a maternal uncle or elder brother; the male head of a household

a roadside stall or restaurant that sells Muslim Tamil or Malay cuisine


nahu

nahu (Jawi spelling نحو, plural nahu-nahu)

Indonesian: nahu

Nahu bahasa Inggeris


sengal

(Pontianak) sore (of muscle, hand, leg etc)


tatal

tatal (Jawi spelling تاتل, plural tatal-tatal)

Indonesian: tatal

From (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tatal (“wood chips”). Cognate with Tagalog tatal.


tatal

Tatal ke bawah


langkah

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laŋkaq (compare Niuean laka, Samoan laʻa).

Mengajar anak melangkah.


langkah

ms-noun

langkah (Jawi spelling لڠکه, plural langkah-langkah)


manggustan

→ Burmese: မင်းကွတ် (mang:kwat)

→ Dutch: mangosteen

→ English: mangosteen

→ Khmer: មង្ឃុត (mɔɔmŭəngkhut)

→ Lao: ມັງຄຸດ (mang khut)

→ Portuguese: mangostão

→ Spanish: mangostán

→ Catalan: mangostà

desc

மங்குசுத்தான்

→ Tamil: மங்குசுத்தான் (maṅkucuttāṉ)

→ Tamil: மங்குசுத்தான் (maṅkucuttāṉ)

→ Thai: มังคุด (mang-kút)


menang

memenangi [agent focus + causative benefactive]

memenangkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]


songlap

(slang) To make something disappear, as though in performance magic (i.e. To magic away something)

(slang) To embezzle and launder public funds


bersekutu bertambah mutu

From the Malaysian coat of arms. Literally, “Federation improves quality.” Or "Being united adds quaity."


pisang tidak akan berbuah dua kali

(Literally: The ensete never bears fruit twice)
"Pisang" in this passage refers to an Ensete because unlike the true bananas of Musa that sometimes fruit more than once. Ensetes only fruit once.

opportunity seldom knocks twice
opportunity seldom knocks twice

(idiomatic) opportunity seldom knocks twice


bertiup

(intransitive) to blow (to produce an air current)


menyesal

Indonesian: menyesal

North Moluccan Malay: manyasal


jentik

ms-noun

jentik (Jawi spelling جنتيق, plural jejentik)


panjang tangan

→ Indonesian: panjang tangan


head

di mana bumi dipijak, di situ langit dijunjung

when in Rome, do as the Romans do
when in Rome, do as the Romans do


mati tidak kerana sumpah, hidup tidak kerana kaul


tutup

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tutup (“to cover”). Cognate with Tagalog tutóp (“covered with the hand; caught in the act, caught red-handed”).

cog

Tutup balang biskut itu sekarang!

Selalunya pada pukul berapa Cik Putih tutup kedainya?

Usually, at what time does Mr. Putih close his shop?


tutup

> Indonesian: tutup (inherited)

Kedai ini sudah tutup sejak pukul 6 petang, cik.

This store has been closed since 6 in the evening, sir.

menutupkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

menutupi [agent focus + causative benefactive]

ditutupkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


katak di bawah tempurung

ms-noun

katak di bawah tempurung (plural katak-katak di bawah tempurung)

Literally: a frog under a (coconut) shell. Compare Chinese 井底之蛙 (jǐngdǐzhīwā), Thai กบในกะลา (gòp-nai-gà-laa).

(idiomatic) An ignorant or unknowledgeable person, one of very limited outlook and experience.


meletakkan

ملتقکن (Jawi)


pembasuh mulut

ڤمباسوه مولوت

pembasuh mulut (Jawi spelling ڤمباسوه مولوت, plural pembasuh-pembasuh mulut)

ڤمباسوه مولوت (Jawi)
pembasuh-pembasuh mulut (plural)

From pembasuh (“washer”) + mulut (“mouth”). Literally, “mouth washer”.

(uncommon) dessert (sweet confection served as the last course of a meal)


bunga matahari

bunga matahari (plural bunga-bunga matahari)

Indonesian: bunga matahari


senang dapat, senang habis

ms-proverb

سنڠ داڤت، سنڠ هابيس

senang dapat, senang habis (Jawi spelling سنڠ داڤت، سنڠ هابيس)

سنڠ داڤت، سنڠ هابيس (Jawi)

Literally, “easy to get, easy to consume.”


bubur

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buʀbuʀ. Cognate with Khmer បបរ (bɑɑbɑbɑɑ, “porridge”).


simpulan

ms-noun

simpulan (Jawi spelling سيمڤولن, plural simpulan-simpulan)

سيمڤولن (Jawi)
simpulan-simpulan (plural)

Indonesian: simpulan


seperti kacang lupakan kulit

Literally: like a peanut that forgets about its exocarp/shell


jaya

jaya (Jawi spelling جاي, plural jaya-jaya)

Synonym of kejayaan (“victory, success”)


jaya

menjayakan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dijayakan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

terjayakan [agentless action + causative benefactive]


jaya

ms-adj

jaya (Jawi spelling جاي, used in the form berjaya)


tongkat

ms-noun

tongkat (Jawi spelling توڠکت, plural tongkat-tongkat)

Indonesian: tongkat

→ Hokkien: 洞葛 (tong-kat)

→ Kristang: tongkah


hirup

Indonesian: hirup

From Proto-Malayic *(h)irup, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hiʀup, from Proto-Austronesian *Siʀup.


pasang

to light or turn on (e.g. a lamp, appliance, etc.)


pemimpin

pemimpin (Jawi spelling ڤميمڤين, plural pemimpin-pemimpin)

ڤميمڤين (Jawi)
pemimpin-pemimpin (plural)

Indonesian: pemimpin

Pemimpin Afrika Selatan ialah presidennya.

The leader of South Africa is its president.


kambing hitam

kambing hitam (plural kambing-kambing hitam)

Compound of kambing (“goat”) + hitam (“black”), Literally "black goat".


baldu

baldu (Jawi spelling بلدو, plural baldu-baldu)

بلدو (Jawi)
baldu-baldu (plural)
beldu (alternative)
belederu (alternative)
beledu (alternative)
beludru (alternative)
beludu (alternative)

From Portuguese veludo, from Spanish velludo.


fahami

head

fahami (Jawi spelling فهمي, active memahami, 3rd person passive difahami)

فهمي (Jawi)
memahami (active)
difahami (passive third-person)

to understand:
to understand the meaning of something


Jalur Gemilang

ms-proper noun

Jalur Gemilang (Jawi spelling جالور ݢميلڠ)

جالور ݢميلڠ (Jawi)

Jalur + Gemilang. Literally means "glorious stripes".


حلقوم

ms-noun

حلقوم (plural حلقوم-حلقوم or حلقوم٢)


pakal

pakal (Jawi spelling ڤاکل, plural pakal-pakal)


pakal

memakal perahu yang bocor


abad keemasan

abad keemasan (Jawi spelling ابد کأمسن, plural abad-abad keemasan)

ابد کأمسن (Jawi)
abad-abad keemasan (plural)

From abad (“century, age”) + keemasan (“golden”). Calque of English golden age.


Abad Pertengahan

head

Abad Pertengahan (Jawi spelling ابد ڤرتڠهن)

ابد ڤرتڠهن (Jawi)


abnus

ms-noun

abnus (Jawi spelling ابنوس, plural abnus-abnus)

Indonesian: abnus


abstrak

ابسترک (Jawi)

Borrowed from English abstract, from Middle English abstract, from Latin abstractus, perfect passive participle of abstrahō (“draw away”), formed from abs- (“away”) + trahō (“to pull, draw”).


abstrak

abstrak (Jawi spelling ابسترک, plural abstrak-abstrak)

abstract (summary of a longer publication)


niskala

From Sanskrit निष्कल (niṣkala), from निस् (nis) + कल (kala); compare nis- + kala.


nyata

Indonesian: nyata

Disebabkan jerebu, Menara KLCC hari ini tidak nyata sangat dari jarak jauh.

Because of the haze, the KLCC Tower couldn't be seen that much from a far away distance.

Semakin dia hampiri kereta itu, semakin nyata niat buruknya.

The closer he got to the car, the more obvious his bad intentions were.

Di alam nyata, lagi susah untuk mencapai cita-cita kita.

In the real world, it's harder to achieve our dreams.


kenyataan

kenyataan (Jawi spelling کڽاتاءن, plural kenyataan-kenyataan)

کڽاتاءن (Jawi)
kenyataan-kenyataan (plural)

The state of being:
Able to be seen or heard.

The state of being:
Real and existing in the real world.

kenyataan tersimpan

Sebuah kenyataan akan diberikan presiden syarikat sebentar lagi.

A statement will be given by the president of the company in a bit.

kenyataan-kenyataan mustahil


kenyataan

کڽاتاءن (Jawi)


menyatakan

مڽاتاکن (Jawi)

Indonesian: menyatakan

Kesan Coriolis dinyatakan oleh Harith dengan pantas.

The Coriolis effect was explained quickly by Harith.

Wahai Tuhanku, nyatakanlah kebesaran-Mu supaya tidak terpesong kepercayaanku.

Oh God, show me Your might so that my beliefs are not led astray.

To show; to make something able to be seen or heard.

Daniel sudah banyak kali menyatakan keinginannya untuk menukarkan bidang pengajiannya.

Daniel has stated many times his desire to change his field of study.


pernyataan

pernyataan (Jawi spelling ڤرڽاتاءن, plural pernyataan-pernyataan)

ڤرڽاتاءن (Jawi)
pernyataan-pernyataan (plural)

Indonesian: pernyataan

Pernyataan itu disiarkan lewat di TV.

Sebuah pernyataan telah diberi sebentar tadi oleh presiden syarikat.

A statement was given earlier by the president of the company.


pahlawan

pahlawan (Jawi spelling ڤهلاون, plural pahlawan-pahlawan)

ڤهلاون (Jawi)
pahlawan-pahlawan (plural)

> Indonesian: pahlawan (inherited)

From Persian پهلوان (pahlavân, “hero, paladin”), ultimately from Old Persian 𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺 (p-r-θ-v /Parθavaʰ/, “Parthia”).

der

hero, patriot, a strong and brave warrior


kismis

ms-noun

kismis (Jawi spelling کيسميس, plural kismis-kismis)

Indonesian: kismis

→ Brunei Malay: kismis

From Classical Persian کشمش (kišmiš, “raisin”).


alah bisa, tegal biasa

ms-proverb

اله بيسا تݢل بياسا

alah bisa, tegal biasa (Jawi spelling اله بيسا تݢل بياسا)

اله بيسا تݢل بياسا (Jawi)

Literally, “Being defeated is hurtful but normal.”

lit

practice makes perfect
practice makes perfect


walau bagaimanapun

ms-conj

والاو باݢايماناڤون

walau bagaimanapun (Jawi spelling والاو باݢايماناڤون)

والاو باݢايماناڤون (Jawi)
walaubagaimanapun (alternative)

walau (“and if; although”) + bagaimanapun (“no matter how or what”).

com

Mereka menjadi berang, walau bagaimanapun akhirnya bendera itu diturunkan.

1988, Ismail Babu, Kisah Seorang Perajurit, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, →ISBN, page 124:

They grew angry, but in the end the flag was taken down.


walaubagaimanapun

walau bagaimanapun
walau bagaimanapun#Malay


lompat

ms-noun

lompat (Jawi spelling لومڤت, plural lompat-lompat)

From (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lumpat.


lompat

> Indonesian: lompat (inherited)


tahun lompat

tahun lompat (plural tahun-tahun lompat)


sastera

Indonesian: sastra

From Sanskrit शास्त्र (śāstra, “literature”).


pesimis

ڤيسيميس (Jawi)


pesimis

pesimis (Jawi spelling ڤيسيميس, plural pesimis-pesimis)


khayal

Indonesian: khayal


kelainan

kelainan (Jawi spelling کلاءينن, plural kelainan-kelainan)

کلاءينن (Jawi)
kelainan-kelainan (plural)

Indonesian: kelainan

(Indonesian)

(linguistics) one of a set of words or other linguistic forms that conveys the same meaning or serves the same function.


melainkan

ملاءينکن (Jawi)

Melainkan awak tak ada pendirian, awak tak patut takut menyuarakan pandangan diri awak.

Unless you have no stances, you shouldn't be scared to voice your own views.


melainkan

> Indonesian: melainkan (inherited)

→ Tausug: malayngkan


hasil

hasil (Jawi spelling حاصيل, plural hasil-hasil)

Indonesian: hasil

From Arabic حَاصِل (ḥāṣil, “end, conclusion; score, sum, total”).


umpama

ms-noun

umpama (Jawi spelling اومڤام, plural umpama-umpama)


umpama

اومڤام (Jawi)

Indonesian: umpama

→ Iban: sempama

→ Tausug: sawmpama

Ilmu yang kita memiliki umpama setitik air di laut.

The knowledge we have is like a drop of water in the ocean.


fikiri

head

fikiri (Jawi spelling فيکيري, active memikiri, 3rd person passive difikiri)

فيکيري (Jawi)
memikiri (active)
difikiri (passive third-person)
pikiri (alternative)


bedebah

> Indonesian: bedebah (inherited)


ketat

Indonesian: kêtat

From Proto-Malayic [Term?], possibly from earlier *ka-hətət, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qətqət, from Proto-Austronesian *qəCqəC.

mengetatkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

memperketatkan [causative agent focus + causative benefactive]

diperketatkan [causative passive focus + causative benefactive]


murka

From Sanskrit मूर्ख (mūrkha, “stupid, foolish, blockhead”).

der

(intransitive) (of a king, authority, or God) to be wrathful, to be very angry


memang

Cayalah aku, memang dia yang duk curi pensel kau tu.

Trust me, he really is the guy who's been stealing your pencils.


gelombang

ms-noun

gelombang (Jawi spelling ݢلومبڠ, plural gelombang-gelombang)

ݢلومبڠ (Jawi)
gelombang-gelombang (plural)


khianat

From Classical Malay خيانة (khianat), from Arabic خِيَانَة (ḵiyāna).

derhaka

treason, especially against a king or leader


adicita

adicita (Jawi spelling اديچيتا, plural adicita-adicita)

(chiefly Indonesia) Synonym of ideologi (“ideology”)


pasukan

pasukan (Jawi spelling ڤاسوقن, plural pasukan-pasukan)

Indonesian: pasukan


agik

(Ketapang, Landak, Melawi, Pontianak, Sambas, Sanggau, Sintang) alternative spelling of lagi (“again, more”)


mukim

mukim (Jawi spelling مقيم, plural mukim-mukim)

مقيم (Jawi)
mukim-mukim (plural)
Permukiman (alternative)
Pemukiman (alternative)

→ English: mukim

Indonesian: mukim

mukim (level of administrative division)


campur

Indonesian: campur

→ Maranao: sambor

mencampuri [agent focus + causative benefactive]

mencampurkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

percampuran [causative passive + resultative

Campurkan telur, susu dan mentega dalam mangkuk besar.

Mix the egg(s), milk and butter in a large bowl.

Esok pagi, kami akan mencampur katil-katil ini ke bekalan kami.

Tomorrow morning, we will add these beds to our stock.

(informal) to add (sum up or put together mentally)


campur

Empat campur tiga menjadi tujuh.

(informal) plus (sum of the previous one and the following one)


sawang

sawang (Jawi spelling ساوڠ, plural sawang-sawang)

Probably from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sawaŋ (“atmosphere, distance”), from the root *-waŋ (“wide-open space”). Doublet of tawang and awang-awang.

inh

(obsolete) nearshore, shallow waters near the coast


sawang

anything dirty that can be found on a ceiling (e.g. spider web, etc.)


terung

ms-noun

terung (Jawi spelling تروڠ, plural terung-terung)

تروڠ (Jawi)
terung-terung (plural)
tarong (alternative obsolete)
tĕrong (alternative)

Indonesian: terung

→ Brooke's Point Palawano: terung

→ Cebuano: talong, tawong

→ Hiligaynon: talong

→ Iban: terung

→ Javanese: térong

→ Tagalog: talong

→ Waray-Waray: tarong

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *d₁rɗuŋ, *d₁rɗuəŋ (“egg-plant, bottle-gourd”)

der

aubergine, brinjal, eggplant; plant belonging to the family Solanaceae and genus Solanum that produces edible fruits

tua-tua terung asam, makin tua selera makin tajam


pasak

ms-noun

pasak (Jawi spelling ڤاسق, plural pasak-pasak)

Indonesian: pasak

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pasək, from Proto-Austronesian *pasək. Doublet of pacak.


pasak

Indonesian: pasak

to fasten or tighten with a bolt, peg or wedge

memasakkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dipasakkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


alamat

alamat (Jawi spelling علامت, plural alamat-alamat)

> Indonesian: alamat (inherited)

mengalamatkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

mengalamati [agent focus + causative benefactive]

(computing) a number identifying memory or register unique location


tugu

tugu (Jawi spelling توݢو, plural tugu-tugu)


sisik

sisik (Jawi spelling سيسيق, plural sisik-sisik)

> Indonesian: sisik (inherited)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *siksik (“scale of fish, lizard or snake; shell of turtle or tortoise”). Cognate with Malagasy sisika and Fijian cici.

inh+

Sisik ikan

Sisik tenggiling

scale (keratin pieces covering the skin of certain animals)


واجه

ms-noun

واجه (plural واجه-واجه or واجه٢)


sarekat

From Javanese ꦱꦫꦺꦏꦠ꧀ (sarékat), from Arabic شَرِكَة (šarika). Doublet of serikat and syarikat.

Alternative form of serikat or syarikat.


mesej

méséj (Jawi spelling ميسيج, plural mesej-mesej)

méséj (canonical)
ميسيج (Jawi)
mesej-mesej (plural)

Apa mesej yang nak disampaikan ni?

Aku tak perasan cikgu hantar mesej pagi tadi.

I didn't notice that miss/mister sent a message earlier this morning.


bubut

bubut (Jawi spelling بوبوت, plural bubut-bubut)

بوبوت (Jawi)
bubut-bubut (plural)
butbut (alternative)

Indonesian: bubut

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *butbut (“owl”).


bubut

Indonesian: bubut

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *butbut, from Proto-Austronesian *buCbuC.


bubut

Indonesian: bubut


melur

ms-noun

melur (Jawi spelling ملور, plural melur-melur)

Jasminum sambac
Jasminum sambac#Translingual

jasmine (particularly the Jasminum sambac)


latak

latak (Jawi spelling لاتق, plural latak-latak)

From Proto-Malayic *latak (“mud”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *latak.


layanan

layanan (Jawi spelling لاينن, plural layanan-layanan)


kesimpulan

kesimpulan (Jawi spelling کسيمڤولن, plural kesimpulan-kesimpulan)

کسيمڤولن (Jawi)
kesimpulan-kesimpulan (plural)

Indonesian: kesimpulan


pentadbiran

pentadbiran (Jawi spelling ڤنتدبيرن, plural pentadbiran-pentadbiran)

ڤنتدبيرن (Jawi)
pentadbiran-pentadbiran (plural)
penadbiran (alternative)


swafoto

swafoto (Jawi spelling سوافوتو, plural swafoto-swafoto)

swa- + foto, borrowed from Indonesian swafoto, after English selfie.

Sebuah foto yang merakamkan lima kanak-kanak membuat aksi swafoto terus menjadi bualan ramai.

2019, Hilal Azmi, “Swafoto yang telah mencairkan seluruh dunia”, in Astro Awani:

A photo that shows five children taking a selfie has become the talk of the people.


tular

> Indonesian: tular (inherited)

Borrowed from Javanese ꦠꦸꦭꦂ (tular, “to spread the disease”), from Old Javanese tular (“to move”).

bor

Penyakit itu menular dengan sangat cepat.

Sebuah video bayi bermain catur menular baru-baru ini.

A video of a baby playing chess went viral recently.

(social media, except Indonesia) to go viral

social media; except Indonesia; social media; except Indonesia


suri teladan

ms-noun

suri teladan (Jawi spelling سوري تلادن, plural suri-suri teladan)

سوري تلادن (Jawi)
suri-suri teladan (plural)

Sebelum Taliban memasuki Kabul tahun lalu, Sharifa (bukan nama sebenar) ialah pelajar tahun sembilan di sebuah sekolah di Kabul, dengan mencatat markah tertinggi dalam kelas serta menjadi suri teladan bagi murid lain di sekolahnya.

2022 July 17, “Gadis Afghanistan terkesan akibat penutupan sekolah [Afghan girls affected by school closures]”, in Berita Harian:

Before the Taliban entered Kabul last year, Sharifa (not her real name) was a ninth-year student at a school in Kabul, scoring the highest marks in her class and being a role model for other students at her school.


latar pentas

latar pentas (plural latar-latar pentas)


gegantung

Semi-reduplication of gantung (“to hang”).

bunting (strips of material hung as decoration)


عاقبة

عاقبة (plural عاقبة-عاقبة or عاقبة٢)


mahkota

mahkota (Jawi spelling مهکوتا, plural mahkota-mahkota)

Indonesian: mahkota

→ Maguindanao: markota

→ Tausug: mahakutta'

Borrowed from Pali makuṭa, from a Dravidian term (compare modern Tamil முகடு (mukaṭu), Sanskrit मुकुट (mukuṭa, “crown”)).

memahkotai [agent focus + causative benefactive]


sebatian kimia

sebatian kimia (plural sebatian-sebatian kimia)

chemical compound
chemical compound#English


undang-undang

undang-undang (Jawi spelling اوندڠ٢, plural banyak undang-undang)

اوندڠ٢ (Jawi)
banyak undang-undang (plural)

plural of undang (“law”) (the body of binding rules and regulations)


kelakar

kelakar (Jawi spelling کلاکر, plural kelakar-kelakar)

Indonesian: kelakar


tanggal

Indonesian: tanggal

From (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taŋgal.

menanggalkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

menanggali [agent focus + causative benefactive]

ditanggalkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

ditanggali [patient focus + causative benefactive]


واحة

واحة (plural واحة-واحة or واحة٢)


perunggu

perunggu (Jawi spelling ڤروڠݢو, plural perunggu-perunggu)

ڤروڠݢو (Jawi)
perunggu-perunggu (plural)


kata laluan

From compound of kata (“word”) + laluan (“pass”), from calque of English password.


syabas

Indonesian: syabas

From Hindi शाबाश (śābāś, “well done”); derived from Classical Persian شاباش (šābāš), from the term شاد باش (šād bāš, “be happy”), from شاد (“joyful”) + باش (“be (imperative)”).


tahniah

تهنيئه (Jawi)

From Arabic تَهْنِئَة (tahniʔa, “congratulation”).


tahniah

تهنيئه (Jawi)


biasiswa

ms-noun

biasiswa (Jawi spelling بياسيسوا, plural biasiswa-biasiswa)

بياسيسوا (Jawi)
biasiswa-biasiswa (plural)
beasiswa (alternative)

peperiksaan beasiswa


hak cipta

hak cipta (Jawi spelling حق چيڤتا, plural hak-hak cipta)

Borrowed from Indonesian hak cipta, coined by Indonesian linguist Soetan Mohammad Sjah.


mangsa

mangsa (Jawi spelling مڠسا, plural mangsa-mangsa)

> Indonesian: mangsa (inherited)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *mems-
Proto-Indo-European *mḗmsder.
Proto-Indo-Iranian *māmsám
Sanskrit मांस (māṃsa)bor.
Malay mangsa
Borrowed from Sanskrit मांस (māṃsa, “flesh”).


zuhur

ظهر (Jawi)
zohor (alternative)
lohor (alternative)

Indonesian: zuhur


Zuhur

Borrowed from Arabic ظُهْر (ẓuhr, “noon”).

(Islam) The midday Islamic prayer; dhuhr


pemilik

ms-noun

pemilik (Jawi spelling ڤميليق, plural pemilik-pemilik)


sengsara

sengsara (Jawi spelling سڠسارا, plural sengsara-sengsara)

سڠسارا (Jawi)
sengsara-sengsara (plural)

From Sanskrit संसार (saṃsāra, “course”).


Insta

اينستا (Jawi)


sesaran

sesaran (Jawi spelling سسرن, plural sesaran-sesaran)


akuarium

akuarium (Jawi spelling اکواريوم, plural akuarium-akuarium)

اکواريوم (Jawi)
akuarium-akuarium (plural)

Borrowed from English aquarium, from Latin aquārium (compare Indonesian akuarium).


begawan

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit भगवान् (bhagavān).

lbor

seri begawan

royal title for the Sultan of Brunei after he abdicated


kesilapan

ms-noun

kesilapan (Jawi spelling کسيلڤن, plural kesilapan-kesilapan)

کسيلڤن (Jawi)
kesilapan-kesilapan (plural)


silap

From Proto-Malayic, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian, from Proto-Austronesian.


هاب

هاب (plural هاب-هاب or هاب٢)


takhta

Indonesian: takhta


singgahsana

singgahsana-singgahsana (plural)
singgasana (alternative)

Indonesian: singgasana

From Sanskrit सिंहासन (siṃhāsana), where सिंह (siṃha, “lion”) + आसन (āsana, “seat; pose”).


pelanduk

ms-noun

pelanduk (Jawi spelling ڤلندوق, plural pelanduk-pelanduk)

ڤلندوق (Jawi)
pelanduk-pelanduk (plural)

chevrotain, mouse deer, a member of the genus Tragulus.


selalu

> Indonesian: selalu (inherited)

Affixation of se- (“one”) + lalu (“to go across; to pass; to elapse; until”). The fifth sense is a semantic loan from Minangkabau selalu.

af

Kaulah yang selalu,
Selalu menemaniku,
Mendengar kisah pahit manis,
Hidupku.

2012, “Sahabat”, in Ika Latif, SleeQ (lyrics), Najwa Latif, performed by Najwa Latif, Syam Kamarul, and SleeQ:

You're the one that always
Keeps me company,
Listening to the bittersweet,
Of my life.

Dia selalu mendengar lagu dengan fon sahaja.

He often listen to songs with only his phone.


lalam

ms-noun

lalam (Jawi spelling لالم, plural lalam-lalam)


pemandu

pemandu (Jawi spelling ڤمندو, plural pemandu-pemandu)

Indonesian: pemandu


pekerja

pekerja (Jawi spelling ڤکرجا, plural pekerja-pekerja)

Indonesian: pekerja


pelanggan

pelanggan (Jawi spelling ڤلڠݢن, plural pelanggan-pelanggan)

ڤلڠݢن (Jawi)
pelanggan-pelanggan (plural)


pelayan

pelayan (Jawi spelling ڤلاين, plural pelayan-pelayan)

> Indonesian: pelayan (inherited)


pembaca

pembaca (Jawi spelling ڤمباچ, plural pembaca-pembaca)

Indonesian: pembaca


pembeli

pembeli (Jawi spelling ڤمبلي, plural pembeli-pembeli)


pemenang

pemenang (Jawi spelling ڤمنڠ, plural pemenang-pemenang)


peladang

peladang (Jawi spelling ڤلادڠ, plural peladang-peladang)


saputangan

Indonesian: saputangan

→ Nias: safutanga

→ Tausug: saputangan

→ Yakan: seputangan


nikmat

nikmat (Jawi spelling نعمت, plural nikmat-nikmat)

Indonesian: nikmat


keamanan

کأمانن (Jawi)

Semua pihak termasuk parti politik harus bertanggungjawab menjaga keamanan negara dan bukannya cuba mengeruh keadaan melalui kaedah menghasut rakyat seperti membela golongan yang dikaitkan dengan jenayah.

2013 February 2, “Jangan keruhkan keadaan sesama rakyat - KPN [Don't make things difficult for fellow citizens - IGP]”, in Astro AWANI:

All parties, including political parties, should be responsible for maintaining the peace of the country instead of trying to confuse the situation through methods of inciting the people, such as defending groups linked to crime.


berguna

برݢونا (Jawi)


dahaga

Indonesian: dahaga

From Sanskrit दाहक (dāhaka, “burning, setting on fire”).


kejayaan

ms-noun

kejayaan (Jawi spelling کجاياءن, plural kejayaan-kejayaan)

کجاياءن (Jawi)
kejayaan-kejayaan (plural)


biduan

→ Indonesian: biduan

From Sanskrit विद्वान् (vidvān, “wise man”). Doublet of bidan.


camca

camca (Jawi spelling چمچا, plural camca-camca)

Indonesian: camca

/ˈt͡ʃamt͡ʃə/

From Hindi चमचा (camcā), from Classical Persian چمچه (čamča, čumča), ultimately of Turkic origin.
Chuah (2010) erroneously identifies the source of this word as a compound of Min Nan 攕 (chhiám) (variant: 鋟／锓 (chhiám)) and 叉 (chha) by relating Min Nan 攕仔 (chhiám-á, “fork”) with its Mandarin synonym 叉子 (chāzi, “fork”).


istimewa

ايستيميوا (Jawi)

From Classical Malay istimewa, said to be from Sanskrit आस्तामेव (āstāmeva, literally “May it keep on being so.”), i.e. आस्ताम् (āstām), the middle-voice 3rd-person singular imperative of आस् (ās, “to sit; to continue; to exist; to last”) + एव (eva), a particle for emphasis. However, the form may have been influenced by Arabic loanwords.

m+

Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia


sutera

ms-noun

sutera (Jawi spelling سوترا, plural sutera-sutera)

Indonesian: sutra

→ Maguindanao: sutra

→ Maranao: sotra'

→ Tagalog: sutla

→ Tausug: sutla'


kemeja

kemeja (Jawi spelling کميجا, plural kemeja-kemeja)

Indonesian: kemeja


rantau

rantau (Jawi spelling رنتاو, plural rantau-rantau)

Indonesian: rantau


soalan

soalan (Jawi spelling سوءالن, plural soalan-soalan)

Adakah anda ada sebarang soalan mengenai topik ini?

Do you have any questions regarding this topic?


perbarisan

perbarisan (Jawi spelling ڤرباريسن, plural perbarisan-perbarisan)

ڤرباريسن (Jawi)
perbarisan-perbarisan (plural)

perbarisan tentera


tilam

tilam (Jawi spelling تيلم, plural tilam-tilam)

> Indonesian: tilam (inherited)

mattress (a pad on which a person can recline and sleep)


perkahwinan

perkahwinan (Jawi spelling ڤرکهوينن, plural perkahwinan-perkahwinan)

ڤرکهوينن (Jawi)
perkahwinan-perkahwinan (plural)

> Indonesian: perkawinan (inherited)


senarai

senarai (Jawi spelling سناراي, plural senarai-senarai)

Indonesian: senarai


senduk

senduk (Jawi spelling سندوق, plural senduk-senduk)

سندوق (Jawi)
senduk-senduk (plural)
sendok (alternative)

Indonesian: sendok

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *senduk (“spoon, ladle”).

inh+

Senduk kayu

Senduk kayu

Ular senduk


nelayan

ms-noun

nelayan (Jawi spelling نلاين, plural nelayan-nelayan)

Ultimately from Tamil நுளையன் (nuḷaiyaṉ).

Beliau berkata, kerja penambakan laut sememangnya menjejaskan pendapatan lebih 50 nelayan yang bergantung sepenuhnya sebagai nelayan pesisir.

2021 November 12, Ekhwan Haque Fazlul Haque, “Nelayan buntu hilang punca rezeki”, in Berita Harian:


pelajaran

pelajaran (Jawi spelling ڤلاجرن, plural pelajaran-pelajaran)

ڤلاجرن (Jawi)
pelajaran-pelajaran (plural)

Indonesian: pelajaran


kesukaran

kesukaran (Jawi spelling کسوکرن, plural kesukaran-kesukaran)

کسوکرن (Jawi)
kesukaran-kesukaran (plural)

Indonesian: kesukaran


keluang

keluang (Jawi spelling کلواڠ, plural keluang-keluang)

Indonesian: keluang

Doublet of kalong which is from Javanese kalong.


kelip-kelip

kelip-kelip (Jawi spelling کليڤ٢, plural kelip-kelip-kelip-kelip)

کليڤ٢ (Jawi)
kelip-kelip-kelip-kelip (plural)

> Indonesian: kelip-kelip (inherited)


diri

Indonesian: diri

From Proto-Malayic *diri, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hadiʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *Sadiʀi.

mendirikan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

didirikan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


diri

diri (Jawi spelling ديري, plural diri-diri)

Indonesian: diri


jamin

Indonesian: jamin

Borrowed from Classical Persian ضامن (zāmin), from Arabic ضَامِن (ḍāmin, “guarantor, warrantor, one who guarantees”).

der

keterjaminan [agentless action + abstract


kacang tanah

ms-noun

kacang tanah (plural kacang-kacang tanah)

From kacang (“nut”) + tanah (“soil, ground”).


kepiting

kepiting (Jawi spelling کڤيتيڠ, plural kepiting-kepiting)

کڤيتيڠ (Jawi)
kepiting-kepiting (plural)


gurita

gurita (Jawi spelling ݢوريتا, plural gurita-gurita)

ݢوريتا (Jawi)
gurita-gurita (plural)
kurita (alternative)

Indonesian: gurita

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kuʀita, from Proto-Austronesian *guʀiCa. Cognate with Cebuano kugita, Fijian kuita, Marshallese kweet.


ڽاتوه

ڽاتوه (plural ڽاتوه-ڽاتوه or ڽاتوه٢)


tamban

tamban (Jawi spelling تمبن, plural tamban-tamban)

Indonesian: tamban

sardine, several fishes in the suborder Clupeoidei


SPA

Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Awam
w:ms:Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Awam

(Malaysia) Initialism of Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Awam (“Public Service Commission of Malaysia”).


jawaban

jawaban (Jawi spelling جوابن, plural jawaban-jawaban)

جوابن (Jawi)
jawaban-jawaban (plural)
jawapan (alternative)

Inilah jawaban saya!


laksamana

laksamana (Jawi spelling لقسامان, plural laksamana-laksamana)

لقسامان (Jawi)
laksamana-laksamana (plural)

Indonesian: laksamana

→ Cebuano: laksamana

→ Kapampangan: Laxamana

→ Tagalog: Lacsamana, laksamana

(military) admiral, naval officer of the highest rank


panglima

panglima (Jawi spelling ڤڠليما, plural panglima-panglima)

ڤڠليما (Jawi)
panglima-panglima (plural)

Kedahan dialect form of penglima combining peng- + lima “hand” in analogy to penghulu from hulu “head”.


kepompong

kepompong (Jawi spelling کڤومڤوڠ, plural kepompong-kepompong)

کڤومڤوڠ (Jawi)
kepompong-kepompong (plural)


larangan

larangan (Jawi spelling لارڠن, plural larangan-larangan)

Tinggalkan larangan dan perbanyakkan amalan baik.

Avoid that which is prohibited and increase your good deeds.

Di Singapura, terdapat larangan pada terhadap bunga api.

In Singapore, there is a ban on fireworks.


larang

head

larang (Jawi spelling لارڠ, formal active melarang, 3rd person passive dilarang)

لارڠ (Jawi)
melarang (active formal)
dilarang (passive third-person)

Indonesian: larang

→ Malagasy: rarana

→ Old Javanese: laraṅ

Javanese: larang

From Proto-Austronesian *laʀaŋ (“to forbid”).

Pengunjung premis makanan dilarang merokok.

Visitors to food premises are forbidden from smoking.

Cikgu melarang kita menggunakan kalkulator semasa ujian.

The teacher forbids us from using a calculator during the test.

(ditransitive, transitive) To forbid, to not allow.


kata sifat

ms-noun

kata sifat (Jawi spelling کات صيفت, plural kata-kata sifat)

کات صيفت (Jawi)
kata-kata sifat (plural)


faedah

Indonesian: faedah

From Arabic فَائِدَة (fāʔida, “usefulness, advantage”).


berfaedah

Jangan menganggap bahawa nasihat ibu bapa tidak berfaedah.

Do not assume that parental advise is useless (lit. "is not useful")

to be advantageous, to be useful, to be profitable


SIB

Sidang Injil Borneo
w:ms:Sidang Injil Borneo

(Malaysia, Christianity) Initialism of Sidang Injil Borneo (“Borneo Envangelical Church”).


Marikh

planets of the Solar System: ڤلانيت سيستم سوريا: عطارد · زهرة · بومي · مريخ · مشتري · زحل · اورانوس · نيڤتون [edit]


katib

ms-noun

katib (Jawi spelling کاتيب, plural katib-katib)

Borrowed from Arabic كَاتِب (kātib, “clerk”).


azimat

ms-noun

azimat (Jawi spelling عزيمة, plural azimat-azimat)

desctree

Indonesian: azimat, ajimat
→ Ternate: ajimat

→ Maguindanao: agimat

→ Tagalog: agimat

→ Maranao: adimat

→ Tausug: adjimat

Borrowed from Arabic عَزِيمَة (ʕazīma). Compare Indonesian azimat, Tausug ajimat, Maguindanao agimat, Maranao adimat, Tagalog agimat. Doublet of jimat.


lentera

ms-noun

lentera (Jawi spelling لنتيرا, plural lentera-lentera)


jambatan

jambatan (Jawi spelling جمبتن, plural jambatan-jambatan)

جمبتن (Jawi)
jambatan-jambatan (plural)
jembatan (alternative)


tengkorak

tengkorak (Jawi spelling تڠکورق, plural tengkorak-tengkorak)

تڠکورق (Jawi)
tengkorak-tengkorak (plural)
tĕngkorak (alternative)

> Indonesian: tengkorak (inherited)

Meronyms: godok, kranium


obligasi

obligasi (Jawi spelling اوبليݢاسي, plural obligasi-obligasi)

اوبليݢاسي (Jawi)
obligasi-obligasi (plural)

Borrowed from Indonesian obligasi, from Dutch obligatie, from Middle Dutch obligacie, from Old French obligation, from Latin obligātiō. Semantic loan from English obligation.


magang

someone who will become an officer (but not yet receive a salary)


magang

→ Indonesian: magang


kutuk

kutuk (Jawi spelling کوتوق, plural kutuk-kutuk)

Indonesian: kutuk


تالي

تالي (plural تالي-تالي or تالي٢)


sesal

sesal (Jawi spelling سسل, plural sesal-sesal)


kubis

kubis (Jawi spelling کوبيس, plural kubis-kubis)

کوبيس (Jawi)
kubis-kubis (plural)
kobis (alternative)

→ Indonesian: kubis

From Portuguese couves, plural form of couve, from Old Galician-Portuguese couve, from earlier *coue, from Latin caulis, caulem (“stem of a cabbage”), from Ancient Greek καυλός (kaulós, “stem”).


boneka

ms-noun

boneka (Jawi spelling بونيکا, plural boneka-boneka)

Borrowed from Portuguese boneca, from Spanish muñeca, from Old Spanish munneca.

puppet (both in literal and figurative senses)


golok

golok (Jawi spelling ݢولوق, plural golok-golok)

> Indonesian: golok (inherited)

→ English: golok

→ Petjo: golok

→ Tagalog: gulok

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *guluk, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *guluk.

A cutting tool, similar to a machete, used in agriculture and as a weapon.


mencari

ms-verb

mencari (Jawi spelling منچاري, transitive)

منچاري (Jawi)


dahan kayu

Indonesian: dahan kayu


saling

desctree

Indonesian: saling
→ Min Nan: 家量 (ka-liông)

Mereka saling memahami pelat mereka.


kesalingan

ms-noun

kesalingan (Jawi spelling کساليڠن, plural kesalingan-kesalingan)

کساليڠن (Jawi)
kesalingan-kesalingan (plural)


nyahpepijat

nyah- (“de-”) + pepijat (“bug (computing)”).

compound

debug (the action or session of detecting and fixing errors on computer software and hardware)


nyahpepijat

debug (detecting and fixing errors on computer software and hardware)


pengaturcaraan

ms-noun

ڤڠاتورچاراءن

pengaturcaraan (Jawi spelling ڤڠاتورچاراءن)

ڤڠاتورچاراءن (Jawi)

peng- (“characterization prefix”) + atur cara (“computing program”) + -an (“instrumentation suffix”)

af

(computing) programming (The act of writing a computer program.)


tenaga keupayaan

ms-noun

tenaga keupayaan (plural tenaga-tenaga keupayaan)


sulur

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sulur (compare Hawaiian ulu).


lewat

From Proto-Malayic *liwat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaliwat (compare Javanese liwat and Maori rewa).


lewat

Indonesian: lewat

melewatkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dilewatkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

melewati [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dilewati [patient focus + causative benefactive]


hanyut

Indonesian: hanyut

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *hañut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qañud, from Proto-Austronesian *qañud.

menghanyutkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dihanyutkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

berhanyut-hanyut [reduplication + stative


pelaut

pelaut (Jawi spelling ڤلاءوت, plural pelaut-pelaut)


undi

> Indonesian: undi (inherited)

→ Tausug: undi'

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦸꦤ꧀ꦝꦶ (undhi, “to decide by lot”), from Old Javanese uṇḍi (“ball”), from Tamil உண்டை (uṇṭai, “ball, dice”).


belacan

Baba Malay: belachan

Indonesian: belacan

→ Burmese: ဗာလချောင် (bala.hkyaung)

zh-l

馬拉盞／马拉盏 (mǎlāzhǎn)

→ Chinese: 馬拉盞／马拉盏 (mǎlāzhǎn)

desctree

→ Macanese: balichám, balchão, balichã, balachão, balechão, balichan
→ English: balichao
→ Portuguese: balichão

→ Ternate: balacang

Compare Pattani Malay بلاچٍي / บือลาแจ, Urak Lawoi' บาจัด (bacat).

A Malay condiment made from fermented shrimp paste.


tauk

(dialectal, Temuan) Alternative form of tahu (“to know”)


kencing

> Indonesian: kencing (inherited)

mengencingi [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dikencingi [patient focus + causative benefactive]


kencing manis

ms-noun

kencing manis (Jawi spelling کنچيڠ مانيس, plural kencing-kencing manis)

کنچيڠ مانيس (Jawi)
kencing-kencing manis (plural)

From kencing (“to urinate”) and manis (“sweet”).


praktis

ڤرکتيس (Jawi)

Borrowed from Indonesian praktis, from Dutch praktisch, from German praktisch, from Late Latin practicus, influenced by French pratique.


praktis

praktis (Jawi spelling ڤرکتيس, plural praktis-praktis)

Borrowed from English practice, from English practise, from Middle English practizen, a variant of practisen, from Middle French pratiser, practiser, from Medieval Latin practizo, from Late Latin practico (“to do, perform, execute, propose, practise, exercise, be conversant with, contrive, conspire, etc.”), from prāctica (“practical affairs", "business”), from Ancient Greek πρᾱκτική (prāktikḗ), from πρᾱκτικός (prāktikós, “practical”), from πρᾱ́σσειν (prā́ssein, “to do”).

der

repetition of an activity to improve a skill.

an organized event for the purpose of performing such repetition.

the ongoing pursuit of a craft or profession, particularly in medicine or the fine arts.


pilihan

ms-noun

pilihan (Jawi spelling ڤيليهن, plural pilihan-pilihan)


simen

simén (canonical)
سيمين (Jawi)
semen (alternative)


biaya

biaya (Jawi spelling بياي, plural biaya-biaya)

بياي (Jawi)
biaya-biaya (plural)
beaya (alternative)
byaja (alternative)

From Old Javanese byaya (expenses, contribution), from Sanskrit व्यय (vyaya, “spending, expense, outlay, disbursement”).


pembiayaan

ms-noun

pembiayaan (Jawi spelling ڤمبياياءن, plural pembiayaan-pembiayaan)

ڤمبياياءن (Jawi)
pembiayaan-pembiayaan (plural)


pengeluaran

pengeluaran (Jawi spelling ڤڠلوارن, plural pengeluaran-pengeluaran)

ڤڠلوارن (Jawi)
pengeluaran-pengeluaran (plural)


head

masuk ke dalam kandang kambing mengembek, masuk ke dalam kandang kerbau menguak

when in Rome, do as the Romans do (literally: "bleat in the goat's pen, grunt in the buffalo's shed")


mayones

ms-noun

mayonés (Jawi spelling مايونيس, plural mayones-mayones)

mayonés (canonical)
مايونيس (Jawi)
mayones-mayones (plural)
mayonis (alternative)


badak air

badak air (Jawi spelling بادق اءير, plural badak-badak air)

بادق اءير (Jawi)
badak-badak air (plural)

From badak (“rhinoceros”) + air (“water”).


kekuatan

kekuatan (Jawi spelling کقواتن, plural kekuatan-kekuatan)

کقواتن (Jawi)
kekuatan-kekuatan (plural)

Kekuatan sesuatu produk sangat penting.

The strength of a product is very important.


astaga

From Arabic أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللّٰهَ (ʔastaḡfiru llāha, “I seek forgiveness from God”).

bor

أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللّٰهَ

(slang) clipping of astaghfirullah ("oh my God")


perintah

ms-noun

perintah (Jawi spelling ڤرينته, plural perintah-perintah)

ڤرينته (Jawi)
perintah-perintah (plural)

Indonesian: perintah

→ Iban: perintah

→ Mapun: parinta

→ Pangutaran Sama: parinta

→ Tausug: parinta (“government”)

→ Yakan: parinta (“government”)


pentas

pentas (Jawi spelling ڤنتس, plural pentas-pentas)


gerudi tukul

gerudi tukul (plural gerudi-gerudi tukul)


ikatan

ikatan (Jawi spelling ايکتن, plural ikatan-ikatan)

Indonesian: ikatan


seperti

سڤرتي (Jawi)
سفرت (alternative)
spt (alternative)

> Indonesian: seperti (inherited)

→ Tausug: saparti

Mereka berdua ni seperti anjing dengan kucing.


head

sebab nila setitik, rosak susu sebelanga

Literally: Because of a drop of indigo, the whole container of milk is spoiled


bagai aur dengan tebing

bagai enau dalam belukar, melepaskan pucuk masing-masing

berat sama dipikul, ringan sama dijinjing


anak kapal

Compound of anak (“child”) + kapal (“ship”).


beruk

ms-noun

beruk (Jawi spelling بروق, plural beruk-beruk)

Indonesian: beruk

Compare Urak Lawoi' บโระ (broq, “short-tailed monkey”).

cog

southern pig-tailed macaque
southern pig-tailed macaque

pigtail macaque, especially the southern pig-tailed macaque


dialektik

dialéktik (canonical)
دياليکتيک (Jawi)
dialèktika (alternative)
dialèktik (alternative)


kangkung

ms-noun

kangkung (Jawi spelling کڠکوڠ, plural kangkung-kangkung)

Possibly from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaŋkuŋ, doublet of Proto-Philippine *taŋkuŋ (an edible plant, swamp cabbage: Ipomoea aquatica).

cog

Ipomoea aquatica
Ipomoea aquatica#Translingual


عقيق

ms-noun

عقيق (plural عقيق-عقيق or عقيق٢)


gelora

gelora (Jawi spelling ݢلورا, plural gelora-gelora)

> Indonesian: gelora (inherited)

menggelorakan [agent focus + causative benefactive]


kemuning

کمونيڠ (Jawi)

Indonesian: kemuning

→ Cebuano: kamuning

→ Kapampangan: kamuning

→ Tagalog: kamuning

Murraya paniculata
Murraya paniculata#Translingual


gantang

gantang (Jawi spelling ݢنتاڠ, plural gantang-gantang)

Indonesian: gantang

desctree

→ Cebuano: gantang
→ Spanish: ganta
→ English: ganta
→ Tagalog: ganta

→ English: gantang

melukut di tepi gantang


terkenal

Indonesian: terkenal


ganggang

ms-noun

ganggang (Jawi spelling ݢاڠݢڠ, plural ganggang-ganggang)

Indonesian: ganggang


penyedut minuman

ڤڽدوت مينومن

penyedut minuman (Jawi spelling ڤڽدوت مينومن, plural penyedut-penyedut minuman)

ڤڽدوت مينومن (Jawi)
penyedut-penyedut minuman (plural)


reformasi

ريفورماسي (Jawi)

→ English: Reformasi

From Indonesian reformasi, from Dutch reformatie, from Middle Dutch reformacie, from Latin refōrmātiō.

reformasi pendidikan

A reform or reformation (an amelioration in the form of institutions or practices in a country).


reformasi

head

reformasi (Jawi spelling ريفورماسي, active mereformasi, 3rd person passive direformasi)

ريفورماسي (Jawi)
mereformasi (active)
direformasi (passive third-person)


penyapu

ms-noun

penyapu (Jawi spelling ڤڽاڤو, plural penyapu-penyapu)


anteng

From Javanese ꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦁ (anteng), from Old Javanese antĕṅ, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *anteŋ (“still, calm, quiet”).


mengutarakan

(transitive) to propose, to submit, to advance (to put forward for consideration or discussion)


ejaan

ms-noun

ejaan (Jawi spelling ايجاءن, plural ejaan-ejaan)


samun

samun (Jawi spelling سامون, plural samun-samun)


samun

head

samun (Jawi spelling سامون, active menyamun, 3rd person passive disamun)

سامون (Jawi)
menyamun (active)
disamun (passive third-person)


-wi

manusia (“a human”) + -wi → manusiawi (“relating to humans”)

sejarah (“history”) + -wi → sejarawi (“historical”)

(after vowels or ⟨h⟩) Alternative form of -i.


kumpulan

ms-noun

kumpulan (Jawi spelling کومڤولن, plural kumpulan-kumpulan)

کومڤولن (Jawi)
kumpulan-kumpulan (plural)

Indonesian: kumpulan


ayun

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ayun (“to swing, oscillate”), from Proto-Austronesian *ayun (“to swing, oscillate”).


duovigintilion

ms-numeral

دووۏيݢينتيليون

duovigintilion (Jawi spelling دووۏيݢينتيليون)

دووۏيݢينتيليون (Jawi)


sarap

Borrowed from Indonesian sarap, from Javanese ꦱꦫꦥ꧀ (sarap, “lining”).

menyarapi [agent focus + causative benefactive]

Katil itu disarapi dengan kain putih.


sarap

ms-noun

sarap (Jawi spelling سارڤ, plural sarap-sarap)

Indonesian: sarap


sarap

Alternative form of saraf (“inflection”)


sarap

From Indonesian saraf, from Arabic عَصَب (ʕaṣab, “nerve”).


sarap

Indonesian: sarap

a rash affecting the bed-ridden; bedsore


kemajuan

kemajuan (Jawi spelling کماجوان, plural kemajuan-kemajuan)

کماجوان (Jawi)
kemajuan-kemajuan (plural)


شيم

شيم (plural شيم-شيم or شيم٢)


abangan

Affixed abang + -an, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *abaŋ₂.

a gutter or water conduit (of split areca stem).


puak

puak (Jawi spelling ڤواق, plural puak-puak)

Indonesian: puak

→ Balinese: ᬧᬸᬯᬓ᭄ (puak)


lesung

lesung (Jawi spelling لسوڠ, plural lesung-lesung)

Indonesian: lesung

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lusuŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *Nusuŋ.

mortar (a hollow vessel used to pound ingredients)


madani

> Indonesian: madani (inherited)

Borrowed from Arabic مَدَنِيّ (madaniyy).

bor+

Malaysia Madani

civilised (advanced in terms of reasoning, spirituality and wealth, of a society or generation of people)


punai

ms-noun

punai (Jawi spelling ڤوناي, plural punai-punai)

Indonesian: punai

From Proto-Malayic *punay, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *punay, from Proto-Austronesian *punay (“greenish fruit dove”).


pinjaman

ms-noun

pinjaman (Jawi spelling ڤينجمن, plural pinjaman-pinjaman)

ڤينجمن (Jawi)
pinjaman-pinjaman (plural)


pidato

pidato (Jawi spelling ڤيداتو, plural pidato-pidato)

From Minangkabau pidato, probably from Old Javanese pradata (“communication; explanation”), likely from Sanskrit प्र- (pra-, “act of”) + धट (dhaṭa, “ordeal by the balance”). Doublet of perdata.
Another possible origin would be from a form related to Balinese ᬧᬶᬤᬭ᭄ᬢ (pidarta, “speech”) and Old Javanese padārtha (“meaning, explanation, content”), from Sanskrit पदार्थ (padārtha, “meaning of a word, substance”) and later transmitted via the Betawi dialect (see Wilkinson, 1932).

der

(Malaysia, Indonesia) speech; public talk


kuih lapis

kuih (“bite-sized cakes, cookies or pastry”) + lapis (“layered”).

com

kue lapis (a traditional snack of colourful layered soft rice flour pudding, popular in Malaysia, Indonesia and other neighbouring countries)


tebus

Indonesian: tebus

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təbus. Compare Tagalog tubos and Toba Batak tobus.

Lebih 280,000 surat telah dihantar kepada isi rumah di Singapura bagi memaklumkan mereka agar menebus baucar pengangkutan awam $30 yang boleh digunakan untuk menokok kad tambang atau membeli pas konsesi bulanan. Semua baucar mesti ditebus menjelang 31 Mac 2023.

2022 January 4, “Lebih 280,000 surat dihantar ke isi rumah agar tebus baucar pengangkutan awam $30”, in Berita Harian Singapura:

Over 280,000 letters have been sent to households in Singapore informing them to redeem $30 public transport vouchers that can be used to top up fare cards or to purchase monthly concession passes. All vouchers must be redeemed by March 31, 2023.

Katanya, rumah kebajikan berkenaan pula akan mendapatkan mata ganjaran yang boleh ditebus dengan wang tunai mengikut barang-barang yang diserahkan tersebut.

2022 April 20, Afifi Hafiz Mohd Nor, “Infak barangan kitar semula, bantu rumah kebajikan tebus wang tunai”, in Utusan Malaysia:

He said, the welfare home will get reward points that can be redeemed with cash according to the items handed over.


lazat

Indonesian: lezat


sentul

Indonesian: sentul

→ Bikol Central: santol

→ Cebuano: santol

→ Ilocano: santol

→ Kapampangan: santul

→ Maguindanao: sentul

→ Tagalog: santol

→ English: santol

→ Spanish: santol, santor

Sandoricum koetjape (santol or cottonfruit), a tropical Asian fruit tree.


kedua

Siapakah yang dapat tempat kedua?


cikgu

ms-noun

cikgu (Jawi spelling چيقݢو, plural cikgu-cikgu)

Cikgu biologi

Synonym(s): guru, ustaz, ustazah


pemain

pemain (Jawi spelling ڤماءين, plural pemain-pemain)


permainan

permainan (Jawi spelling ڤرماءينن, plural permainan-permainan)

ڤرماءينن (Jawi)
permainan-permainan (plural)


باٴيت

باٴيت (plural باٴيت-باٴيت or باٴيت٢)


ابڠ

ابڠ (plural ابڠ-ابڠ or ابڠ٢)


کاکق

کاکق (plural کاکق-کاکق or کاکق٢)


ايڠکو

ايڠکو (plural ايڠکو-ايڠکو or ايڠکو٢)


اودا

اودا (plural اودا-اودا or اودا٢)


اديق ڤرمڤوان

اديق ڤرمڤوان (plural اديق-اديق ڤرمڤوان or اديق٢ ڤرمڤوان)

اديق-اديق ڤرمڤوان (plural)
اديق٢ ڤرمڤوان (plural)


merdeheka

Alternative form of merdeka (“free; independent”)


organisma

organisma (Jawi spelling اورݢانيسما, plural organisma-organisma)

اورݢانيسما (Jawi)
organisma-organisma (plural)

Borrowed from English organism. By surface analysis, organ + -isma.


ايجاءن

ايجاءن (plural ايجاءن-ايجاءن or ايجاءن٢)

ايجاءن-ايجاءن (plural)
ايجاءن٢ (plural)


rabun jauh

rabun jauh (Jawi spelling رابون جاءوه, plural rabun-rabun jauh)

رابون جاءوه (Jawi)
rabun-rabun jauh (plural)


poin

poin (Jawi spelling ڤوءين, plural poin-poin)

Borrowed from English point, from Middle English point, from Old French point, pointe, from Latin punctum, puncta.

Sambungkan dua poin ini dengan garisan.

10.5 (10 poin 5)

(mathematics) A decimal point (especially when reading decimal fractions aloud).

Poin aku kita tak boleh pergi CC lagi.

My point is that we can't go to the internet cafe anymore.

(informal) An important thing from a discussion or matter.


surat khabar

surat khabar (Jawi spelling سورت خبر, plural surat-surat khabar)

سورت خبر (Jawi)
surat-surat khabar (plural)
surat kabar (alternative)

surat (“document”) + khabar (“news”), calque of Dutch nieuwsblad (“newspaper”). First popularised by Soerat Kabar Bahasa Melaijoe in 1856.


داهن

ms-noun

داهن (plural داهن-داهن or داهن٢)


acik

acik (Jawi spelling اچيق, plural acik-acik)

From Hokkien 阿姊 (a-chí, a-ché, á-chí, “elder sister”) or Hakka 阿姊 (â-chí, â-chè, â-che, “elder sister”). Compare Tagalog atsi / ate, Kapampangan atsi.

bor

(colloquial) Parent's sibling; aunt or uncle.


kapasiti

ms-noun

kapasiti (Jawi spelling کاڤاسيتي, plural kapasiti-kapasiti)

کاڤاسيتي (Jawi)
kapasiti-kapasiti (plural)
kapasitas (alternative)

Borrowed from English capacity, from Old French capacite, from Latin capācitās (compare Indonesian kapasitas).

capacity (measure of ability to hold, receive or absorb; volume)


syogun

syogun (Jawi spelling شوݢون, plural syogun-syogun)

From Japanese 将軍(しょうぐん) (shōgun), from Middle Chinese compound 將軍 (MC tsjang kjun). The “shogun” sense is originally short for 征夷大将軍(たいしょーぐん) (taishōgun, literally “general who overcomes the barbarians”).

ja-r

The supreme generalissimo of feudal Japan; shogun.


meng- -kan

takut (“scared”) + meng- -kan → menakutkan (“scary”)

Forms an adjective that carries the meaning of causing something to be the base word.


kulapuk

ms-noun

kulapuk (Jawi spelling کولاڤوق, plural kulapuk-kulapuk)

kulapuk roti


bacang

bacang-bacang (plural)
bachang (alternative)


banci

There are a number of theories as to where this word originated:
# From Chinese.
# From Sanskrit पञ्जी (pañjī, “almanac; calendar; register”). Compare Thai บัญชี (ban-chii), Khmer បញ្ជី (bɑɑbɑñcii), Javanese wanci (“time”).


banci

head

banci (Jawi spelling بنچي, active membanci, 3rd person passive dibanci)

بنچي (Jawi)
membanci (active)
dibanci (passive third-person)


banci

* From Javanese banci (ꦧꦚ꧀ꦕꦶ, “effeminate man; asexual person”), from Old Javanese wañci (“timid, shy; character; deceitful”), bañcana, wañcana (“deception, deceitful”), from Sanskrit वञ्चन (vañcana, “deceiving, trickery”). Doublet of bencana.
* The sense “hermaphrodite” is a semantic loan from English hermaphrodite.

semantic loan

(archaic, Sulawesi) A bomoh whose clothes are like that of a female's.


banci

erectile dysfunction
erectile dysfunction#English

(archaic) Suffering from erectile dysfunction.


lemari

ms-noun

lemari (Jawi spelling الماري, plural lemari-lemari)

From Indonesian lemari, from Portuguese armário (“cupboard”), from Latin armārium.


keuskupan

keuskupan (Jawi spelling کأوسکوڤن, plural keuskupan-keuskupan)

کأوسکوڤن (Jawi)
keuskupan-keuskupan (plural)


Habsyah

From Classical Malay حبشة (Habsyah), from Arabic اَلْحَبَشَة (al-ḥabaša).

(Malaysia) Ethiopia (a country in East Africa)


dakwat

dakwat (Jawi spelling دعوت, plural dakwat-dakwat)

> Indonesian: dawat (inherited)

desc

> Malaccan Creole Malay: dawat (inherited)

From Arabic دَوَاة (dawāh, “inkstand, inkwell”). Influenced by English ink.

bor

(chiefly Malaysia, dated and informal in Indonesia) ink


karcis

ms-noun

karcis (Jawi spelling کرچيس, plural karcis-karcis)