kerbau

kerbau (Jawi spelling کرباو, plural kerbau-kerbau)

> Indonesian: kerbau (inherited)

From Proto-Malayic *kər(ə)baw, ultimately from Proto-Mon-Khmer *krpiʔ ~ *krpiiw ~ *krpuʔ ~ *(kr)puh (“buffalo”). Cognate with Khmer ក្របី (krɑɑbəy, “water buffalo”), Halang kơpùa, Thai กระบือ (grà-bʉʉ), Javanese ꦏꦼꦧꦺꦴ (kebo), Tagalog kalabaw.


kelelawar

ms-noun

kelelawar (Jawi spelling کللاور, plural kelelawar-kelelawar)

کللاور (Jawi)
kelelawar-kelelawar (plural)
kelawar (alternative)
کللاور (alternative)
کلاور (alternative)

From Proto-Malayic, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kula-la(m)baʀ.


mencit

mencit (Jawi spelling منچيت, plural mencit-mencit)


babi hutan

بابي هوتن (Jawi)
بابي هوتن (alternative)


musang

musang (Jawi spelling موسڠ, plural musang-musang)

→ English: musang

Indonesian: musang

desctree

→ Chinese: 貓山王 /猫山王 (māoshānwáng)
→ English: mao shan wang

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *musaŋ (“civet cat and similar small predatory mammals of the family Viverridae”). Cognate with Tagalog musang.


badak

ms-noun

badak (Jawi spelling بادق, plural badak-badak)

> Indonesian: badak (inherited)

desctree

→ Portuguese: abada
→ English: abada
→ Italian: abada
→ Spanish: abada


sapi

ms-noun

sapi (Jawi spelling ساڤي, plural sapi-sapi)

Indonesian: sapi

→ Min Nan: 三丕 (sam-phi)


Rabu

> Indonesian: Rabu (inherited)

→ Ternate: Robo, Rabo

From Yemeni Arabic ربوع (rabū‘), from Arabic الأَرْبَعَاء (al-ʔarbaʕāʔ)

der

الأَرْبَعَاء

Arabic الأَرْبَعَاء (al-ʔarbaʕāʔ)

days of the week: hari dalam minggu: Isnin · Selasa · Rabu · Khamis · Jumaat · Sabtu · Ahad


minah

Shortening of Aminah, a common Malay name for women.

minah rempit

a girlfriend of an illegal street racer or a female street racer


cangkir

ms-noun

cangkir (Jawi spelling چاڠکير, plural cangkir-cangkir)

چاڠکير (Jawi)
cangkir-cangkir (plural)
changker (alternative)
changkir (alternative)

> Indonesian: cangkir (inherited)

→ Ternate: cangkir

alas cangkir

coaster (flat object protecting table from drink spills)


cangkir

secangkir (singular)
changker (alternative)
changkir (alternative)


mutiara

mutiara (Jawi spelling موتيارا, plural mutiara-mutiara)

From Sanskrit मुत्यहार (mutyahāra) as मुत्य (mutya, “pearl”) + हार (hāra, “garland”).


minyak

ms-noun

minyak (Jawi spelling ميڽق, plural minyak-minyak)

Indonesian: minyak

From Proto-Malayic *miñak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *məñak.

perminyakan [causative passive + resultative

meminyaki [agent focus + causative benefactive]

diminyaki [patient focus + causative benefactive]


inframerah

inframerah (Jawi spelling اينفراميره, plural inframerah-inframerah)

اينفراميره (Jawi)
inframerah-inframerah (plural)

From infra- (“infra-”) + merah (“red”). Calque of English infrared.


gergaji

gergaji (Jawi spelling ݢرݢاجي, plural gergaji-gergaji)

Indonesian: gergaji

→ Makasar: garagaji

→ Tagalog: lagari

→ Tausug: gawgari' (“file”)

From Sanskrit क्रकच (krakaca, “saw”). Compare Javanese graji, Ledo Kaili garagaji, and Lindu garagaji.


piring

piring (Jawi spelling ڤيريڠ, plural piring-piring)

Indonesian: piring

→ Afrikaans: piering

→ Portuguese: pires

→ Bengali: পিরিচ (piric)

→ Ternate: piring

Borrowed from Classical Persian پرنگ (piring, “copper”).

bor+

piring kuih

saucer (small shallow dish to hold a cup)


piring

ms-classifier

piring (Jawi spelling ڤيريڠ, singular sepiring)

piring-piring [reduplication]

round flat object similar to a small plate


kawat

ms-noun

kawat (Jawi spelling کاوت, plural kawat-kawat)

mengawatkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dikawatkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

kawat berduri: barbed wire


kawat

Borrowed from Arabic قَوَاعِد (qawāʕid, “rule, pattern”). Doublet of kawad and kaedah.

bor

(Malaysia) row, file, line (of soldiers, troops)


kawat

(Malaysia) to march in a single file or line


mangkuk

ms-noun

mangkuk (Jawi spelling مڠکوق, plural mangkuk-mangkuk)

(compare Banjarese mangkok, Javanese mangkok, Nias mako, Tagalog mangkok).

bowl (hemispherical container used to hold, mix or present food)


mangkuk

Borrowed from Japanese まんこ (“cunt; pussy”).


labu

labu (Jawi spelling لابو, plural labu-labu)

> Indonesian: labu (inherited)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *labuq₂ (“the bottle gourd: Lagenaria siceraria”); reconstructed by Robert Blust (compare Tboli labuk (“the bottle gourd: Lagenaria siceraria”), Central Dusun hobuʔ (“calabash, type of gourd”)); alternatively, from Sanskrit अलाबु (alābu). Note that the reconstruction by Blust explained the final plosive in Tboli and Dusun that a derivation from Sanskrit cannot explain.


patung

ms-noun

patung (Jawi spelling ڤاتوڠ, plural patung-patung)

> Indonesian: patung (inherited)

desc

> Peranakan Indonesian: patoeng (inherited)

(religion) an idol, something used to worship gods


putera

ms-noun

putera (Jawi spelling ڤوترا, plural putera-putera)

ڤوترا (Jawi)
putera-putera (plural)
putra (alternative)

desc

> Indonesian: putra, poetra (1901–1947), putera (nonstandard) (inherited)

→ Tausug: putla'

→ Ternate: putra


lampu

ms-noun

lampu (Jawi spelling لمڤو, plural lampu-lampu)

(figurative) enlightener of thought and spirit


paru-paru

Reduplication of paru, Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *baʀaq.

inh+

(anatomy) lung (organ that extracts oxygen from the air)


guntur

ms-noun

guntur (Jawi spelling ݢونتور, plural guntur-guntur)


pantas

desc

> Indonesian: pantas (“deft; fast”) (inherited)

→ Iban: pantas (“quick; sharp; attentive”)

→ Malagasy: fantatra (“known; recognized”)

→ Ngaju: pantas (“beautiful; well; graceful”)

→ Tagalog: pantas (“sage; wise man; scholar”)

→ Toba Batak: pantas (“ingenious, intelligent; prudent”)


saudari

ms-noun

saudari (Jawi spelling ساوداري, plural saudari-saudari)


saudari

ساوداري (Jawi)


pengacara

pengacara (Jawi spelling ڤڠاچارا, plural pengacara-pengacara)

ڤڠاچارا (Jawi)
pengacara-pengacara (plural)

master of ceremonies
master of ceremonies

Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian


gading

gading (Jawi spelling ݢاديڠ, plural gading-gading)


gading

→ Bikol Central: gading

→ Cebuano: gading

→ Ilocano: gading

> Indonesian: gading (inherited)

→ Maranao: gading

→ Tagalog: garing

→ Tausug: garing

→ Yakan: garing


rantai

rantai (Jawi spelling رنتاي, plural rantai-rantai)


lutut

lutut (Jawi spelling لوتوت, plural lutut-lutut)

(anatomy) knee (joint in the middle of the leg and area around it)


lucu

Synonym(s): jenaka, menggelikan hati, kelakar, lawak, lelucon


tembakau

tembakau (Jawi spelling تمباکاو, plural tembakau-tembakau)

تمباکاو (Jawi)
tembakau-tembakau (plural)

Indonesian: tembakau


pijat

pijat (Jawi spelling ڤيجت, plural pijat-pijat)


pijat

From Javanese pijet (ꦥꦶꦗꦼꦠ꧀, “massage”).


cecak

cecak (Jawi spelling چچق, plural cecak-cecak)

/t͡ʃə.t͡ʃaʔ/

(dialectal) house lizard, Hemidacytlus frenatus


cecak

/t͡ʃə.t͡ʃaʔ/


kentang

kentang (Jawi spelling کنتڠ, plural kentang-kentang)

Indonesian: kentang

→ Hokkien: 蕳砃 /𫈉砃 (kan-tang)

→ Teochew: 蕳砃 /𫈉砃 (gang¹ dang¹)

Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦼꦤ꧀ꦛꦁ (kenthang, “tuber”).

Ibu sedang merebus kentang di dalam dapur.

Mother is boiling potatoes in the kitchen.


operasi

operation,
(medicine) a surgical procedure.

operation,
(military) a military campaign.


miskin

> Indonesian: miskin (inherited)

→ Central Sama: miskin

→ Iranun: miskin

→ Maguindanao: miskin

→ Maranao: miskin

→ Pangutaran Sama: miskin

→ Tausug: miskin

→ West Coast Bajau: miskin

→ Yakan: miskin


penghulu

penghulu (Jawi spelling ڤڠهولو, plural penghulu-penghulu)

ڤڠهولو (Jawi)
penghulu-penghulu (plural)

Indonesian: penghulu

→ English: penghulu

peng- + hulu. Cognate with Tagalog pangulo.


pendukung

pendukung (Jawi spelling ڤندوکوڠ, plural pendukung-pendukung)

ڤندوکوڠ (Jawi)
pendukung-pendukung (plural)

someone that carries someone else (by the hips, on the back, etc.)

someone that carries someone or something with a cloth sling

a cloth sling that is used for carrying someone or something

a supporter (person who supports, an adherent)


tabib

tabib (Jawi spelling طبيب, plural tabib-tabib)

Borrowed from Arabic طَبِيب (ṭabīb), from the root ط ب ب (ṭ b b).

ar-root

ط ب ب (ṭ b b)


SPAD

w:ms:Suruhanjaya Pengangkutan Awam Darat

(transport) acronym of Suruhanjaya Pengangkutan Awam Darat (“Land Public Transport Commission”), a public transport regulatory agency in Malaysia


tesaurus

ms-noun

tesaurus (Jawi spelling تيساوروس, plural tesaurus-tesaurus)

تيساوروس (Jawi)
tesaurus-tesaurus (plural)


mentega

mentega (Jawi spelling منتيݢ, plural mentega-mentega)

Indonesian: mentega

→ Hokkien: 文地牙 (bûn-tē-gâ)


mawas

mawas (Jawi spelling ماوس, plural mawas-mawas)

animals in the family Pongidae: chimpanzee, orangutan


mawas

Baccaurea brevipes (a type of tree and its fruit)


ginekologi

ݢينيکولوݢي (Jawi)


petir

petir (Jawi spelling ڤتير, plural petir-petir)

Semangatnya melayang macam disambar petir.

1992, Abdul Manaff Ahmad Zainei, Mendung di Puncak Bukit:

His spirit faded as if he were struck by lightning.

Lightning; a high-voltage discharge of electricity within a cloud, between clouds, or between a cloud and the earth.

Thunder; the loud rumbling, cracking, or crashing sound caused by expansion of rapidly heated air around a lightning bolt.


emak

emak (Jawi spelling امق, plural emak-emak)

امق (Jawi)
emak-emak (plural)
mak (alternative)
umak (alternative)

From Proto-Malayic *əma-ʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əma-ʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əma-ʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əma-ʔ, from *əma.


tangga

tangga (Jawi spelling تڠݢ, plural tangga-tangga)

Indonesian: tangga

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *taŋga(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taŋga (“runged ladder”).

inh

(figuratively) rank, level

Lagu dangdut itu berada di tangga keempat dalam carta lagu-lagu paling popular di sana.

1991 October 3, Kamsiah Sirat, “Orang Jepun sudah gemar dangdut”, in Berita Harian, page 5:

The dangdut track is in fourth place on the pop [song] charts there.

pedestal or support to get into a car, train, etc.


jawab

Indonesian: jawab

Etymology tree
Arabic جَوَاب (jawāb)bor.
Malay jawab
Borrowed from Arabic جَوَاب (jawāb).

etymon

Bagaimanakah kamu menjawab soalan nombor 10?

Apakah cara yang betul untuk menjawab komen-komen kurang ajar di media sosial?

What is the correct way to respond to mean comments on social media?


pendeta

ms-noun

pendéta (Jawi spelling ڤنديتا, plural pendeta-pendeta)

pendéta (canonical)
ڤنديتا (Jawi)
pendeta-pendeta (plural)

Indonesian: pendeta

Borrowed from Javanese ꦥꦤ꧀ꦝꦶꦠ (pandhita, “a Hindu priest, religious leader”), from Old Javanese, from Sanskrit पण्डित (paṇḍitá, “scholar, philosopher”). Doublet of pandai.


perabot

ms-noun

perabot (Jawi spelling ڤرابوت, plural perabot-perabot)

> Indonesian: perabot (inherited)

→ Tausug: parabut

Borrowed from Javanese ꦥꦿꦧꦺꦴꦠ꧀ (prabot, “tool”), from Old Javanese parabwat (“tool”), from par- + abwat (“heavy”). Doublet of berat (“heavy, weight”).


laci

Indonesian: laci

From Dutch laatje, diminutive of la (“drawer”). Attested in 1901.


kejahatan

ms-noun

kejahatan (Jawi spelling کجاهتن, plural kejahatan-kejahatan)

کجاهتن (Jawi)
kejahatan-kejahatan (plural)


karbonat

karbonat (Jawi spelling کربونت, plural karbonat-karbonat)

کربونت (Jawi)
karbonat-karbonat (plural)

From English carbonate, from French carbonate.


kelas

From English class, from Middle French classe, from Latin classis.

a group, collection, category or set sharing characteristics or attributes.

(sociology) a social grouping, based on job, wealth, etc.

(education) a group of students who commenced or completed their education during a particular year.

a series of lessons covering a single subject.

a category of seats in an airplane, train or other means of mass transportation

(taxonomy) a rank in the classification of organisms, below phylum and above order; a taxon of that rank.

(set theory) a collection of sets definable by a shared property.

Perisian tersebut mempunyai pakej yang telah sedia ada dengan pelbagai kelas.

2012 November 22, Nursyahidah Alias, Nor Zalina Ismail, Mohd Rizal Razak, “Pengalaman Menggunakan Perisian Alice dalam Memperkenalkan Pengaturcaraan Berorientasikan Objek”, in Prosiding KONAKA 2012, Kuantan, Pahang, pages 229–236:

The aforementioned software has packages that have been ready-made with various classes.

object-oriented programming
object-oriented programming

(object-oriented programming) a set of objects having the same behavior (but typically differing in state), or a template defining such a set.

(education) short for ruang kelas (“classroom, a room, often in a school, where classes take place”).


penyakit

penyakit (Jawi spelling ڤڽاکيت, plural penyakit-penyakit)

ڤڽاکيت (Jawi)
penyakit-penyakit (plural)

Indonesian: penyakit

North Moluccan Malay: panyake

→ Tabaru: panyake


jalur

jalur (Jawi spelling جالور, plural jalur-jalur)

Indonesian: jalur

From (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zaluʀ (“striped, banded”) (compare lajur).


logam

ms-noun

logam (Jawi spelling لوݢم, plural logam-logam)

From Tamil உலோகம் (ulōkam), from Sanskrit लोह (loha).


kuprum

From Late Latin cuprum (“copper”), contraction of Latin (aes) Cyprium (literally “brass of Cyprus”), from Ancient Greek Κύπρος (Kúpros, “Cyprus”).


rawat

perawatan [causative passive + resultative

merawati [agent focus + causative benefactive]


halilintar

halilintar (Jawi spelling هليلينتر, plural halilintar-halilintar)

هليلينتر (Jawi)
halilintar-halilintar (plural)

From lintar, halintar, possibly derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qali- (prefix for concepts related to the spirit world) + *ətər (“shake, tremble”), with the latter part containing Proto-Austronesian root *-tər.


budak

budak (Jawi spelling بودق, plural budak-budak)

Indonesian: budak

Probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɗik, *ɗiik, *ɗiək (“slave”).

der

(Malaysia, Singapore, Riau, Sumatra) young person; child

Adapun barang siapa yang hendak membeli budak-budak itu, maka dibukakannya tubuhnya dan berbagai-bagai lakunya, dengan tiada menaruh kasihan barang sedikit jua pun.

1849, Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir, Hikayat Abdullah, page 250:

He whosoever wants to purchase the slaves take [clothing] off their bodies and do many things upon them with not even a little mercy.


tidak pernah

تيدق ڤرنه (Jawi)
tak pernah (alternative)

never (at no time (in the past or present))


-asi

Learned borrowing from Indonesian -asi, from Dutch -atie, from Latin -ātiō. Doublet of -esyen, -sen, -si, and -syen.

manipulasi


-asi

Learned borrowing from English -acy and learned borrowing from English -cy.

falasi


hierarki

ms-noun

hierarki (Jawi spelling هيررکي, plural hierarki-hierarki)

هيررکي (Jawi)
hierarki-hierarki (plural)

From English hierarchy, from Middle English ierarchie, jerarchie, from Old French ierarchie, from Latin hierarchia, from Ancient Greek ἱεραρχία (hierarkhía, “rule of a high priest”).


huma

ms-noun

huma (Jawi spelling هوما, plural huma-huma)

Indonesian: huma

From Proto-Malayic *huma(ʔ) (“farmland”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quma, from Proto-Austronesian *qumah (“swidden”).
First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (huma).

perhumaan [causative passive + resultative

memperhumai [causative agent focus + causative benefactive]


jenis

jenis (Jawi spelling جنيس, plural jenis-jenis)


jenuh

Indonesian: jenuh

menjenuhkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dijenuhkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


daftar

daftar (Jawi spelling دفتر, plural daftar-daftar)

دفتر (Jawi)
daftar-daftar (plural)
dafta (alternative Riau)

From Arabic دَفْتَر (daftar, “register; roster”), from Ancient Greek διφθέρα (diphthéra).


lemak

ms-noun

lemak (Jawi spelling لمق, plural lemak-lemak)

Indonesian: lemak

From Proto-Malayic [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ləmək (“fertile, of soil”).


talam

ms-noun

talam (Jawi spelling تالم, plural talam-talam)

Indonesian: talam


معلومات

معلومات (plural معلومات-معلومات or معلومات٢)

معلومات-معلومات (plural)
معلومات٢ (plural)


bidadari

bidadari (Jawi spelling بيداداري, plural bidadari-bidadari)

بيداداري (Jawi)
bidadari-bidadari (plural)

> Indonesian: bidadari (inherited)

→ Tausug: biraddali

→ Ternate: bidadari

Borrowed from Sanskrit विद्याधरी (vidyādharī, “fairy”).

bor+

Coordinate term: bidadara

Near-synonym: malaikat


citra

ms-noun

citra (Jawi spelling چيترا, plural citra-citra)

> Indonesian: citra (inherited)

percitraan [causative passive + repetition

Citra seorang guru selalu dinilai berdasarkan keberkesanan dan kecekapan mereka melaksanakan peranan dan tanggungjawab keguruan.

2019 June 16, Amin Senin, “Memugar jiwa pendidik, asah gaya fikir [Renewing the soul of an educator, sharpening the method of thinking]”, in Berita Harian, archived from the original on 2019-11-12:

The image of a teacher is often evaluated based on the effectiveness and efficiency of the teacher to execute the role and responsibilities of teaching.

image or perception towards a person, object, or organization


sobat

sobat (Jawi spelling سوبت, plural sobat-sobat)


komedi

komédi (Jawi spelling کوميدي, plural komedi-komedi)

komédi (canonical)
کوميدي (Jawi)
komedi-komedi (plural)

Internationalism, borrowing from Dutch komedie, from Latin cōmoedia, from Ancient Greek κωμῳδία (kōmōidía). First attested as comedi in the Kitab Vortaro published in 1923.

(drama) a dramatic work that is light and humorous or satirical in tone.

comedy:
(drama) the genre of such works.


ringan

meringankan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

diringankan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

memperingankan [causative agent focus + causative benefactive]

diperingankan [causative passive focus + causative benefactive]


ruai

ruai (Jawi spelling رواي, plural ruai-ruai or reruai)

رواي (Jawi)
ruai-ruai (plural)
reruai (plural)


karya

karya (Jawi spelling کاريا, plural karya-karya)

> Indonesian: karya (inherited)

work (literary, artistic, or intellectual production)


abu-abu

From (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qabu qabu.

(Jakarta) A kind of fish, Thunnus tonggol


Affenpinscher

From English Affenpinscher, from German Affenpinscher.


-ologi

ـولوݢي (Jawi)

Formerly spelt as -oloji, borrowed from English -ology.

psikologi


mampu

From earlier empu + ma-, possibly via Javanese ꦩꦩ꧀ꦥꦸ (mampu).


mampu

Siapalah yang mampu membeli rumah sekarang?

Adam hanya mampu mengiakan permintaan kawannya.

Adam could only say yes to his friend's request.


tingkat

tingkat (Jawi spelling تيڠکت, plural tingkat-tingkat)

Indonesian: tingkat

→ English: tingkat (Singapore)

meningkatkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

ditingkatkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

mempertingkatkan [causative agent focus + causative benefactive]

dipertingkatkan [causative passive focus + causative benefactive]

bertingkat-tingkat [reduplication + stative

(Singapore) Ellipsis of mangkuk tingkat (“tiffin container”)


betik

betik (Jawi spelling بتيق, plural betik-betik)

→ Indonesian: betik

Borrowed from Arabic بِطِّيخ (biṭṭīḵ, “melon”).


hidrologi

هيدرولوݢي (Jawi)


-logi

Formerly spelt as -loji, borrowed from English -logy, from French -logie or Latin -logia, ultimately from Ancient Greek -λογία (-logía).

genealogi


-ur

Borrowed from English -ure, from Middle English -ure, from Old French -ure, from Latin -tūra.

struktur

dentur


Indon

Clipping of Indonesia. Attested since at least the 1960s.

Kau pernah tak pergi Indon?


Indon

Pelat Indon


landak

ms-noun

landak (Jawi spelling لندق, plural landak-landak)

Indonesian: landak

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *landak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *landak.


seramik

From English ceramic, from Ancient Greek κεραμικός (keramikós, “potter's”), from κέραμος (kéramos, “potter's clay”), perhaps from a pre-Hellenic word.


asli

Indonesian: asli

→ Ternate: asli (“origin”)

From Arabic أَصْلِيّ (ʔaṣliyy). Doublet of asal and asali.

perisa asli

getah asli

orang asli


حاجت

ms-noun

حاجت (plural حاجت-حاجت or حاجت٢)


popor

popor (Jawi spelling ڤوڤور, plural popor-popor)

→ Indonesian: popor


cermin

cermin (Jawi spelling چرمين, plural cermin-cermin)

> Indonesian: cermin (inherited)

→ Bonggi: seromin

→ Bikol Central: salming

→ Cebuano: samin

→ Central Dusun: soromin

→ Ida'an: selammin

→ Ilocano: sarming

→ Kapampangan: salamin

→ Kimaragang: corimin

→ Maguindanao: sermin

→ Maranao: salamin

→ Pangasinan: salming

→ Rungus: soromin

→ Semai: cermin

→ Tagalog: salamin

→ Tobilung: soromin

→ Upper Kinabatangan: saramin

→ Waray-Waray: saraming

→ Yakan: sāmin

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *cAr(ə)min.


semangka

semangka (Jawi spelling سمڠک, plural semangka-semangka)

Indonesian: semangka

desctree

→ Ternate: samaka
→ Sahu: samaka
→ Tabaru: samaka

From Javanese ꦱꦼꦩꦔ꧀ꦏ (semangka), probably derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer *mɔŋɡɔ.

watermelon (fruit, particularly in Johor, Singapore and Riau)


stesen

ms-noun

stesen (Jawi spelling ستيسين, plural stesen-stesen)

ستيسين (Jawi)
stesen-stesen (plural)
stasiun (alternative)
stesyen (alternative)
steshen (alternative)

Borrowed from English station, from Middle English estacioun, from Anglo-Norman estation, from Latin statiōnem, accusative of statiō (“standing, post, job, position”).

Place for passenger vehicles (buses, trains, taxis, etc.) to stop.

stesen hidroelektrik

Place that has specialized equipment to provide certain services or to perform certain activities.


lamai

lamai (Jawi spelling لاماي, plural lamai-lamai)


tampar

tampar (Jawi spelling تمڤر, plural tampar-tampar)

hit with the palm of the hand; slap; tap; pat


tampar

to hit with the palm of the hand; to slap; to pat


patogen

patogen (Jawi spelling ڤاتوݢن, plural patogen-patogen)

Borrowed from English pathogen, from patho- + -gen.


mudah

Cognate with Javanese murah. Doublet of murah.

Kanak-kanak zaman sekarang mudah terpengaruh dengan trend medsos.

Children these days are easily influenced by social media trends.


mudah

> Indonesian: mudah (inherited)

tugas mudah

soalan mudah


gampang

gampang (Jawi spelling ݢمڤڠ, plural gampang-gampang)

Borrowed from Javanese ꦒꦩ꧀ꦥꦁ (gampang), from Old Javanese gampaṅ (“easy, easy-going, careless, unconcerned”), from Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hampaŋ (“easy, promiscuous”).
* The noun sense is an ellipsis of anak gampang (“bastard”, literally “easy child”).

ellipsis of

(chiefly Malaysia, derogatory) A bastard; a child born out of wedlock.


gampang

Indonesian: gampang

→ Min Nan: 公萬／公万 (kong-bān)

(chiefly Indonesia) Not difficult; easy.


monsun

Borrowed from English monsoon, from Dutch moesson, from French mousson, from Portuguese monção, from Arabic مَوْسِم (mawsim, “season”). Doublet of musim.


penderas

ms-noun

penderas (Jawi spelling ڤندرس, plural penderas-penderas)


datu

datu (Jawi spelling داتو, plural datu-datu)

داتو (Jawi)
datu-datu (plural)
datuk (alternative)
datung (alternative)

Indonesian: datu

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *datu. Cognate to Javanese ꦫꦠꦸ (ratu).
First attested in the Kota Kapur inscription, 686 CE, as Old Malay [script needed] (dātu, “king”)

m+

king (a male of a royal family who is the supreme ruler of his nation)


belas

Indonesian: belas

→ Acehnese: blaih

→ Banjarese: welas

→ Dairi Batak: belas

→ Bintulu: belas

→ Central Melanau: belaih

→ Iban: belas

→ Lampung Api: belas

→ Ngaju: walas

→ Sundanese: ᮝᮨᮜᮞ᮪ (welas)

sebelas (“eleven”)

dua belas (“twelve”)

tiga belas (“thirteen”)

empat belas (“fourteen”)

lima belas (“fifteen”)

enam belas (“sixteen”)

tujuh belas (“seventeen”)

lapan belas (“eighteen”)

sembilan belas (“nineteen”)


راهب

ms-noun

راهب (plural راهب-راهب or راهب٢)


kusa

kusa (Jawi spelling کوسا, plural kusa-kusa)

Clipping of angkusa from Sanskrit अङ्कुश (aṅkuśa).


gelang

gelang (Jawi spelling ݢلڠ, plural gelang-gelang)

Indonesian: gelang

→ Tagalog: galang

bergelang-gelang [reduplication + stative


hadir

Indonesian: hadir

Firdaus hadirkah?


hadir

Indonesian: hadir

present or here (an answer for roll call)


semenanjung

semenanjung (Jawi spelling سمننجوڠ, plural semenanjung-semenanjung)

سمننجوڠ (Jawi)
semenanjung-semenanjung (plural)

Indonesian: semenanjung

[səmənäɲd͡ʒʊŋ

Combination of se- + menanjung (“having an appearance similar to a cape”).

prefix

semenanjung Korea

semenanjung Malaysia

(geography) peninsula (a piece of land projecting into water)


dinasti

ms-noun

dinasti (Jawi spelling دينستي, plural dinasti-dinasti)


stail

stail (Jawi spelling ستاءيل, plural stail-stail)

style (manner of creating, doing, or presenting something, especially a work of architecture or art)

style (particular way in which one grooms, adorns, dresses, or carries oneself)


restoran

restoran (Jawi spelling ريستورن, plural restoran-restoran)

ريستورن (Jawi)
restoran-restoran (plural)

From English restaurant, from French restaurant.


feminisme

فيمينيسمى (Jawi)


selar

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saŋelaʀ, compare Tetum sona.


sado

There are a number of theories as to how this term came to be:
* Blend of besar (“big, bulky”) + bodoh (“very, really”)
* From sadur (“coated with something”), to refer to the muscles etc.
* Surname of early professional bodybuilder, Eugen Sandow
* Blend of besar + ado (“very, really”), from a Sarawakian dialect

blend

Abang sado

(slang) bulky; people with a muscular appearance


buai

Indonesian: buai

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buqay, a variant of *bui (“to swing”). Cognate with Binukid buay (“to swing back and forth”).

cog

membuaikan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

terbuai-buai [reduplication + agentless action]


bayan

ms-noun

bayan (Jawi spelling باين, plural bayan-bayan)

Indonesian: bayan


perusahaan

perusahaan (Jawi spelling ڤراوسهاءن, plural perusahaan-perusahaan)

ڤراوسهاءن (Jawi)
perusahaan-perusahaan (plural)


tepung

tepung (Jawi spelling تڤوڠ, plural tepung-tepung)

Indonesian: tepung

→ Brunei Malay: tapung

→ Tausug: tapung

→ Min Nan: 地粉 (tē-hún)

Cognate to Brunei Malay tapung. Compare Proto-Philippine *tapuŋ (“rice flour”).

tepung-tepungan [reduplication + resultative


abvolt

ابۏولت (Jawi)

electrical engineering
electrical engineering

(electricity, electrical engineering, dated) abvolt


ramal

ramal (Jawi spelling رامل, plural ramal-ramal)

Indonesian: ramal


zaitun

zaitun (Jawi spelling زيتون, plural zaitun-zaitun)


تمر

تمر (plural تمر-تمر or تمر٢)


kejohanan

kejohanan (Jawi spelling کجوهنن, plural kejohanan-kejohanan)

کجوهنن (Jawi)
kejohanan-kejohanan (plural)

championship (competition to determine a champion)


Tuhan

Reverential capitalization of tuhan (“a god”), from Proto-Malayic *tuhan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatuan. Doublet of tuan.

God (single god of any monotheistic religion)


ijo

ايجو (Jawi)
hijau (alternative)
هيجاو (alternative Jawi)
ايجو (alternative Jawi)

From Javanese ijo, from Old Javanese [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)qizaw.


ijo

ijo (Jawi spelling ايجو, plural ijo-ijo)

ايجو (Jawi)
ijo-ijo (plural)
hijau (alternative)
هيجاو (alternative Jawi)
ايجو (alternative Jawi)


payudara

payudara (Jawi spelling ڤايودارا, plural payudara-payudara)

ڤايودارا (Jawi)
payudara-payudara (plural)

Indonesian: payudara

From Sanskrit पयोधर (payodhara, “woman's breast”).

uder

barah payudara


luas

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *luas (“outside; spacious”).

inh

Luasnya bilik ni!

meluaskan [agent focus + causative benefactive]


luas

ms-noun

luas (Jawi spelling لواس, plural luas-luas)

Dengan maklumat ini, kita boleh hitung luas petak x.

With this information, we can calculate the area of square x.


patera

patera (Jawi spelling ڤاترا, plural patera-patera)


simptom

simptom (Jawi spelling سيمڤتوم, plural simptom-simptom)

سيمڤتوم (Jawi)
simptom-simptom (plural)
simtom (alternative Indonesia)


bertuah

برتواه (Jawi)


tuah

Indonesian: tuah

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuaq (“luck, good fortune”).


kontroversi

کونتروۏرسي (Jawi)

From English controversy, from Middle English controversie, from Old French controversie, from Latin contrōversia (“debate, contention, controversy”), from contrōversus (“turned in an opposite direction”).


wazir

ms-noun

wazir (Jawi spelling وازير, plural wazir-wazir)

> Indonesian: wazir (inherited)

Borrowed from Arabic وَزِير (wazīr, “helper, aide, minister”, literally “one who bears (the burden of office)”).


arah

ms-noun

arah (Jawi spelling اره, plural arah-arah)

Arah barat


arah

(transitive) to order someone to do something


ratus

Indonesian: ratus

From Proto-Malayic *ratus, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *Ratus, from Proto-Austronesian *RaCus (“hundred”).
First attested in the Kedukan Bukit inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (ratus).


dabat

dabat (Jawi spelling دابة, plural dabat-dabat)


Yaman

Indonesian: Yaman

Borrowed from Arabic اَلْيَمَن (al-yaman)

bor+

Yemen (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


valens

ms-noun

valens (Jawi spelling ۏالنس, plural valens-valens)


kesalahan

kesalahan (Jawi spelling کسالهن, plural kesalahan-kesalahan)

کسالهن (Jawi)
kesalahan-kesalahan (plural)


kesalahan

کسالهن (Jawi)


mantan

Learned borrowing from Indonesian mantan, from Besemah mantan, possibly from Old Javanese mantĕn.

lbor

mantan Menteri Besar

former (position holders, positions, etc); ex-


tanglung

ms-noun

tanglung (Jawi spelling تڠلوڠ, plural tanglung-tanglung)

> Indonesian: tanglung (inherited)

→ Tausug: tanglung

Borrowed from Cantonese 燈籠 /灯笼 (dang1 lung4).

bor+

lantern (a case of transparent material made to protect a flame, or light)


diam

Indonesian: diam

→ English: diam

mendiamkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

memerdiamkan [causative passive + agent focus + causative benefactive]

diam ubi lagi kental, diam besi lagi sentil

mendiami [agent focus + causative benefactive]


diam

mengediami [intensity + agent focus + causative benefactive]


angka

ms-noun

angka (Jawi spelling اڠک, plural angka-angka)

Indonesian: angka

numeral (word or symbol representing a number)


taji

taji (Jawi spelling تاجي, plural taji-taji)

spur (An appendage or spike pointing rearward, near the foot, for instance that of a rooster)


baris

baris (Jawi spelling باريس, plural baris-baris)

perbarisan [causative passive + resultative

A line of objects, often regularly spaced, such as seats in a theatre, vegetable plants in a garden etc.

A line of entries in a table, etc., going from left to right, as opposed to a column going from top to bottom.

(colloquial) marching, placed or situated in a line or lines.

baris atas: fathah

baris bawah: kasrah

baris depan: dhammah

any kind of tashkil i.e. diacritical marks used in notating Arabic text

(colloquial) column, a body of troops or army vehicles, usually strung out along a road.


capit

From Proto-Malayic *ca(R)pit (“pincers, tongs”)


abrak

ms-noun

abrak (Jawi spelling ابرق, plural abrak-abrak)

Indonesian: abrak

From Sanskrit अभ्रक (abhraka, “mica; talc”).


pelawak

pelawak (Jawi spelling ڤلاوق, plural pelawak-pelawak)

An affixation of peng- + lawak (“funny, humorous”).

(dialectal, Kelantan-Pattani) liar, deceiver


lusa

lusa (Jawi spelling لوسا, plural lusa-lusa)


lusa

day after tomorrow (on the day after tomorrow)


ovari

ovari (Jawi spelling اوۏاري, plural ovari-ovari)

اوۏاري (Jawi)
ovari-ovari (plural)
ovarium (alternative)


hartal

hartal (Jawi spelling هرتل, plural hartal-hartal)

From Hindi हड़ताल (haṛtāl), from Gujarati હડતાલ (haḍtāl), હડતાળ (haḍtāḷ), from Sanskrit हट्ट (haṭṭa) + तालक (tālaka).

The closure of shops and offices, typically as a strike.


hartal

hartal-hartal (plural)
artal (alternative)
retal (alternative)

From Sanskrit हरिताल (haritāla, “yellow orpiment”) likely through Hindi.

der

hartal:

(in extension) A somewhat dark yellowish orange colour; ochre.

a kind of fragrant face powder made from coconut oil and saffron yielding a similar colour for use in weddings


putat

ms-noun

putat (Jawi spelling ڤوتت, plural putat-putat)

Indonesian: putat


hias

> Indonesian: hias (inherited)

Cognate with Old Javanese hyas (“ornaments”).


burit

> Indonesian: burit (inherited)

Compare with Banjarese burit (“buttocks”).
* (Baku) IPA⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /ˈburit/ [ˈbu.rit̪]
** Rhymes: -urit
* (Johor-Riau) IPA⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /ˈburet/ [ˈbu.ret̪]
** Rhymes: -uret
* Hyphenation: bu‧rit


banar

Indonesian: banar

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *banaʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *baNaʀ.


abdas

ms-noun

abdas (Jawi spelling ابدس, plural abdas-abdas)

From Classical Malay ابدس (abdas), from Classical Persian آبدست (ābdast) of آب (āb, “water”) + دست (dast, “hand”).


abdi

abdi (Jawi spelling عبدي, plural abdi-abdi)

عبدي (Jawi)
abdi-abdi (plural)
'abdi (alternative)

Indonesian: abdi


demam

Indonesian: demam

Possibly from Sanskrit दम (dama, “temperance”), but also possibly of Austronesian origins due to probable cognates such as Central Bontoc ləmam and Iban demam.

Semalam, saya demam.


sinis

Borrowed from Indonesian sinis, from Dutch cynisch, from German zynisch, from Latin cynicus, from Ancient Greek κυνικός (kunikós).


apam

apam (Jawi spelling اڤم, plural apam-apam)

desctree

> Indonesian: apam, apang, apem (inherited)
→ Ternate: apang

(cooking) appam: a thin South Asian pancake made from rice flour and coconut.


pergam

ms-noun

pergam (Jawi spelling ڤرݢم, plural pergam-pergam)

> Indonesian: pergam (inherited)

Possibly from Austroasiatic. Compare Bahnar pơgơ̆m, Mon ဘဂီု (həkɜ̀m).


repet

répét (canonical)
ريڤيت (Jawi)
repek (alternative)

To talk incessantly and frivolously; to babble, to prattle, to chatter.


karet

karét (Jawi spelling کاريت, plural karet-karet)

karét (canonical)
کاريت (Jawi)
karet-karet (plural)

Karet bernilai sangat tinggi.


karet

Indonesian: karèt

Maaf, bang, sekarang saya dalam jam yang karet sikit.

Sorry, bro, I'm currently in a traffic jam and I don't know when it'll end.


sepit

sepit (Jawi spelling سڤيت, plural sepit-sepit)

> Indonesian: sepit (inherited)

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *sipit.


percit

Indonesian: percit

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pe(R)cit (“squeeze, squirt out”). Cognate with Hanunoo pusít (“spurt, spurting, as of blood”) and Gela posi (“squeeze out”).

cog

Banyak darah memercit dari luka itu.

A lot of blood spurted out from that wound.

(intransitive) to spurt out; to gush out

Memercit sos

(transitive) to squirt out; to squeeze out


feminis

ms-noun

feminis (Jawi spelling فيمينيس, plural feminis-feminis)


ferum

(physics, chemistry, metallurgy) iron (element)


arboris

arboris (Jawi spelling اربوريس, plural arboris-arboris)


optimis

اوڤتيميس (Jawi)


optimis

optimis (Jawi spelling اوڤتيميس, plural optimis-optimis)

اوڤتيميس (Jawi)
optimis-optimis (plural)


talium

From English thallium, from Ancient Greek θαλλός (thallós).


Butterworth

بتتروورث (Jawi)

Unadapted borrowing from English Butterworth, after William John Butterworth.

ubor

Butterworth (a city in Penang, Malaysia)


balek

(Riau, Siak, Tembilahan) Alternative spelling of balik (“back”)


balek

ms-noun

balek (Jawi spelling باليق, plural balek-balek)

(Riau, Siak, Tembilahan) Alternative spelling of balik (“back part, behind”)


balek

(Riau, Siak, Tembilahan) Alternative spelling of balik (“to return, to turn”)


misan

misan (Jawi spelling ميسن, plural misan-misan)

Elision of manisan, itself an ellipsis of manisan lebah (lit. 'bee-sweet'); from manis + -an. Doublet of manisan and nisan.


misan

Likely related to nisan, from Persian نشان (nešân), نیشان (nišân, “sign, mark”), from Middle Persian nyšʾn' (nīšān, “sign, mark, banner”), nyš (nīš-).


argus

ms-noun

argus (Jawi spelling ارݢوس, plural argus-argus)

ارݢوس (Jawi)
argus-argus (plural)
arkus (alternative)

Borrowed from Hindi ख़रगोश (xargoś) or Urdu خرگوش.

(especially Kedah and Penang) A guinea pig.


belon

belon (Jawi spelling Main:belon, plural belon-belon)

From English balloon. Cognate with Indonesian balon.

a balloon, inflatable and usually round object

belon udara panas
belon udara panas#Malay

(colloquial) hot air ballon. Usually as belon udara panas


kikis

From Proto-Austronesian *kiskis (“to shave, scrape off”). Compare Malagasy hihi.

inh

scraping down (asperities off wood, barnacles off a ship’s bottom, fleecing; not of fine work like sandpapering, but of scratching a sore or holding a knife at right angles to a wooden surface and scraping

to remove something with a sharp object (e.g. knife etc.)


isme

ms-noun

isme (Jawi spelling ايسمى, plural isme-isme)


serius

سيريوس (Jawi)

Borrowed from English serious, from Middle English seryows, from Old French serieux, from Medieval Latin sēriōsus, an extension of Latin sērius (“grave, earnest, serious”), from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”).

der

Serius je muka dia.

Without humor or expression of happiness; grave in manner or disposition.

Ini masalah serius.

Serious:
Important; weighty; not insignificant.

Audiens tersenyum paksa, terkeliru sama ada pengucap serius atau sedang melawak apabila mengatakan bahawa dia membenci kesatuan sekerja.

The audience put on a smile, confused as to whether the speaker was being serious or just joking when he said that he hated trade unions.

Really intending what is said (or planned, etc); in earnest; not jocular or deceiving.


serius

سيريوس (Jawi)

Serius, harga telefon ni lebih daripada $3000?!

Seriously, this phone costs more than $3000?!

Used to express disbelief; seriously, for real.


dekagram

ديکاݢرم (Jawi)

Borrowed from English decagram. By surface analysis, deka- + -gram.


bikin

Borrowed from Betawi bikin, from békin, from early Batavian Malay baik + -in – comparable to baiki ~ membaiki (“to fix, to repair, to make good”), and beki (“ibid.”) variant known in Kelantan, Coastal Terengganu and Selangor dialects with the suffix fossilized.

Filem Mahsuri yang dibikin dalam tatawarna telah pun di-terima balek dari England beberapa hari yang lalu.

1959 March 20, “Mahsuri sudah siap”, in Berita Harian, page 7:

The Mahsuri film that had been produced in colour has been received back from England a few days ago.

(Singapore, Malaysia) make, create, produce

Kelantan–Pattani Malay
Selangor
Terengganu Malay


infrastruktur

head

اينفراستروکتور

infrastruktur (Jawi spelling اينفراستروکتور)

اينفراستروکتور (Jawi)


dewan

ms-noun

dewan (Jawi spelling ديوان, plural dewan-dewan)

Indonesian: dewan


wizurai

wizurai (Jawi spelling ويزوراي, plural wizurai-wizurai)

ويزوراي (Jawi)
wizurai-wizurai (plural)
bedurai (alternative)
bizurai (alternative)
waizuri (alternative)

Borrowed from Portuguese vice-rei, from Middle French vice-roy.


edar

Indonesian: édar

Probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ʔdər. Compare Old Javanese idĕr, Javanese ꦲꦶꦢꦼꦂ (ider, “to turn, to revolve”).

cog

peredaran [causative passive + resultative

mengedarkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

mengedari [agent focus + causative benefactive]

diedarkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

diedari [patient focus + causative benefactive]


kima

ms-noun

kima (Jawi spelling کيما, plural kima-kima)

Indonesian: kima

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kima (“giant clam”).


hec

The name of the Latin-script letter H/h.


tiba

Indonesian: tiba

Kami tiba di stesen pada waktu tengah hari.

Musim tengkujuh sudah tiba.

Sudah tiba masanya untuk revolusi.


struktur

ms-noun

struktur (Jawi spelling ستروکتور, plural struktur-struktur)

ستروکتور (Jawi)
struktur-struktur (plural)

Borrowed from English structure, from Middle French structure, from Latin structūra (“a fitting together, adjustment, building, erection, a building, edifice, structure”), from struere, past participle structus (“pile up, arrange, assemble, build”).


jambu

ms-noun

jambu (Jawi spelling جمبو, plural jambu-jambu)

From Sanskrit जम्बु (jambu, “rose apple”) via Old Javanese. Cognate of Javanese ꦗꦩ꧀ꦧꦸ (jambu), Chinese 染霧／染雾.

Generic term for any plant bearing pear-like or bulging fruit from the Myrtaceae family, especially in the Syzygium genus or otherwise.

wax apple or rose apple (Sygyzium samarangense)


jambu

Indonesian: jambu

(colloquial, informal) cute, adorable or beautiful.


hajat

hajat (Jawi spelling حاجت, plural hajat-hajat)

> Indonesian: hajat (inherited)


putar

Indonesian: putar

From Proto-Malayic *putər (compare Indonesian putar), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *putəʀ.

(intransitive) to turn (move around an axis through itself)


jagat

jagat (Jawi spelling جاݢت, plural jagat-jagat)

Indonesian: jagat


pingat

pingat (Jawi spelling ڤيڠت, plural pingat-pingat)

Elision of pengingat, from peng- + ingat.

medal, stamped ornamental metal disk; award


martil

martil (Jawi spelling مرتيل, plural martil-martil)


populer

(Indonesia) Alternative spelling of popular (“popular”)


Venis

ۏينيس (Jawi)
بينيس (alternative)
ۏينيس (alternative)

From English Venice, its Jawi form بينيس was made popular by Za'ba's translation of The Merchant of Venice in 1949.


seksa

seksa (Jawi spelling سيقسا, plural seksa-seksa)

سيقسا (Jawi)
seksa-seksa (plural)
nonstandard or standard Malay (alternative)
standard Indonesian (alternative)

From Sanskrit शिक्षा (śikṣā, “punishment, chastisement”).


snek

ms-noun

snek (Jawi spelling سنيک, plural snek-snek)


zigot

zigot (Jawi spelling زيݢوت, plural zigot-zigot)

From English zygote, from Ancient Greek ζυγωτός (zugōtós), from ζυγός (zugós).


PSM

Panglima Setia Mahkota
w:ms:Panglima Setia Mahkota

Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Yang di-Pertuan Agong

(Malaysia) Initialism of Panglima Setia Mahkota (“Commander of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia”), a medal awarded by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong to persons who gave an outstanding service to the country.


Itali

إيتالي (Jawi)


klorin

klorin (Jawi spelling کلورين, plural klorin-klorin)

→ Indonesian: klorin

From English chlorine, from Ancient Greek χλωρός (khlōrós).


cerut

cerut (Jawi spelling چروت, plural cerut-cerut)


sayuran

sayuran (Jawi spelling سايورن, plural sayuran-sayuran)

vegetable (a plant raised for some edible part of it)


tumbuhan

tumbuhan (Jawi spelling تومبوهن, plural tumbuhan-tumbuhan)

تومبوهن (Jawi)
tumbuhan-tumbuhan (plural)

From Proto-Malayic *tumbuhan (compare Banjarese tumbuhan, Indonesian tumbuhan) or tumbuh + -an.

plant (organism capable of photosynthesis)


tanaman

tanaman (Jawi spelling تانمن, plural tanaman-tanaman)

From tanam + -an. tanam is from Proto-Malayic (compare Indonesian tanam, Minangkabau tanam).


halaman

halaman (Jawi spelling هلامن, plural halaman-halaman)

Halaman 21


tikar

tikar (Jawi spelling تيکر, plural tikar-tikar)

Indonesian: tikar

→ Malagasy: tsihi

A mat made from pandan (or other) leaves for people to sit on, sleep on and others.


galian

galian (Jawi spelling ݢالين, plural galian-galian)

ݢالين (Jawi)
galian-galian (plural)
kelian (alternative)

Indonesian: galian


sagar

sagar (Jawi spelling ساݢر, plural sagar-sagar)


kupas

> Indonesian: kupas (inherited)

kupas epal

kupas lirik

to analyse (an essay, opinion, issue, etc.)


kupas

ms-verb

Clipping of <i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">mengupas</i>

Saya tak reti kupas epal.

(informal) Alternative form of mengupas.


Mesir

From Classical Malay مصر (Mesir), from Arabic مِصْر (miṣr, “Egypt”).

Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)


pelat

ms-noun

pelat (Jawi spelling ڤلت, plural pelat-pelat)

Orang Filipina itu tidak berpelat sedikit pun dalam cubaannya untuk bercakap bahasa Melayu.

That Filipino doesn't have even the slightest of a foreign accent in his attempt to speak Malay.

Pelat Inggeris


buset

buset (Jawi spelling بوسيت, plural buset-buset)

Borrowed from Javanese ꦧꦸꦱꦺꦠ꧀ (busèt), from Old Javanese busyat, boset, buset (“a kind of monkey”).


Amerika Syarikat

ms-proper noun

اميريکا شريکت

Amerika Syarikat (Jawi spelling اميريکا شريکت)

اميريکا شريکت (Jawi)
AS (alternative initialism)
A.S. (alternative initialism)
Amerika (alternative)
Amerika Serikat (alternative Indonesia)

Calque of Indonesian Amerika Serikat. By surface analysis, compound of Amerika + syarikat.

surf

United States of America
United States of America#English

United States of America (a country in North America)


minat

ms-noun

minat (Jawi spelling مينت, plural minat-minat)

Indonesian: minat

From Proto-Malayic *minat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *minat.


RTM

Radio Televisyen Malaysia
w:ms:Radio Televisyen Malaysia

(Malaysia, broadcasting) Initialism of Radio Televisyen Malaysia (“Radio Television of Malaysia”), a state owned public broadcaster of Malaysia.


kolektif

کوليکتيف (Jawi)

Borrowed from Dutch collectief, from French collectif, from Latin collectivus.


hukum

hukum (Jawi spelling حکم, plural hukum-hukum)

Indonesian: hukum

→ Tagalog: hukom

From Classical Malay hukum, from Arabic حُكْم (ḥukm).


komunisme

کومونيسمى (Jawi)

Formerly used in the forms komunizem and komunisma, borrowed from English communism, from French communisme.


Baba

Baba (Jawi spelling باب, plural Baba-Baba)

→ English: Baba

→ Hokkien: 峇峇 (bâ-bâ / bā-bā)

→ Cantonese: 峇峇 (baa¹ baa¹)

→ Mandarin: 峇峇 (bābā)

Possibly ultimately derived from Classical Persian بابا (bâbâ) or Ashokan Prakrit *𑀩𑀸𑀩𑁆𑀩𑀓 (*bābbaka, “father”). Compare Hindi बाबा (bābā), Urdu بابا (bābā), Bengali বাবা (baba). See Baba (honorific).

ncog

A male Peranakan (mostly found in Malacca, who speak Baba Malay, and historically descend from colonial Straits-born Chinese)

A male descendant of Peranakans (Baba Nyonya)


hampas

ms-noun

hampas (Jawi spelling همڤس, plural hampas-hampas)

For use as exclamation, see also English crap (originally meaning “chaff”) for parallel semantic evolution.

dregs, leftovers, waste of processed organic material (rice, sugarcane, coffee etc).


hampas

Hampas betul, baru aku tangkap ikan aku je kucing dah copet bawak lari.

Goshdarnit, the cat just had to nab my caught fish away.

(slang) Expression of dismay or disappointment


restu

restu (Jawi spelling رستو, plural restu-restu)

Rebracketing of Sanskrit सिद्धिर् अस्तु (siddhir astu, “let it be perfect”).

der

सिद्धिर् अस्तु


bilion

بيليون (Jawi)

From English billion, from French billion.


تعريف

ms-noun

تعريف (plural تعريف-تعريف or تعريف٢)


kapal selam

کاڤل سلم (Jawi)

Compound of kapal (“ship”) + selam (“to dive”), calque of Dutch duikboot.

com+

A boat that can go underwater; a submarine.


seram

ms-noun

seram (Jawi spelling سرم, plural seram-seram)


seram

> Indonesian: seram (inherited)

fearful, terrible, horrific, disgusting, creepy


seret

Ccompare Javanese ꦱꦺꦫꦺꦠ꧀ (sèrèt, “drag”)).


seret

seret (Jawi spelling سيريت, plural seret-seret)

Borrowed from Javanese ꦱꦺꦫꦺꦠ꧀ (sèrèt, “narrow undyed strip at the edge of a piece of batik fabric”).


seratus

se- + ratus, from Proto-Malayic *sA-ratus, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sa-ʀatus, from Proto-Austronesian *sa-ʀaCus.

satu ratus (alternative)
سراتوس (alternative)
ساتو راتوس (alternative)


gelis

Borrowed from Sundanese ᮌᮩᮜᮤᮞ᮪ (geulis, “pretty”).


elektronik

ايليکترونيک (Jawi)


mekanik

ms-noun

mékanik (Jawi spelling ميکانيک, plural mekanik-mekanik)

mékanik (canonical)
ميکانيک (Jawi)
mekanik-mekanik (plural)

mechanic: Someone who builds or repairs machinery, a technician; now specifically, someone who works with and repairs the mechanical parts of a motor vehicle, aircraft or similar.


mekanik

mékanik (canonical)
ميکانيک (Jawi)
mekanis (alternative)


mekanik

mékanik (canonical)
ميکانيک (Jawi)
mekanika (alternative)

(physics) mechanics: the branch of physics that deals with the action of forces on material objects with mass.


plastis

ڤلستيس (Jawi)


betul

بتول (Jawi)
betol (alternative)
tul (alternative clipping)
tol (alternative clipping)

Indonesian: betul

Petjo: betoel

→ Kendayan: batol

Jawapan betul ialah A.

Betul ke cerita tu? Macam tak boleh percaya je...

Is that story really true? Sounds kind of suspicious...

True (concurring with a given set of facts).

aksen Kedah betul


betul

Betul, itulah jawapannya.


bisa

From Sanskrit विष (visha, “poison”), Proto-Indo-Aryan *wiṣás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wišás, from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“poison”). Doublet of virus.

Bisanya penyakit ini!

Kata-katanya sungguh bisa.

(figurative) Causing hurt to someone's feelings; hurtful.


bisa

bisa (Jawi spelling بيسا, plural bisa-bisa)

pisau senjata tiada bisa, bisa lagi mulut manusia

Toxins found in animals for defensive or offensive use; venom.

A mark on the body left from weapons (bullet, kris, etc.) or from sharp objects (nail, tooth, etc.).


bisa

> Indonesian: bisa (inherited)

From Javanese ꦧꦶꦱ (bisa, “capable, smart”). Attested in 1901.

Saya bisa berbahasa Inggeris.


biku

biku (Jawi spelling بيکو, plural biku-biku)

From Pali bhikkhu (“beggar, Buddhist monk”) likely via Thai, from Sanskrit भिक्षु (bhikṣú, “mendicant”). Doublet of biksu.


kluster

کلوستر (Jawi)

From English cluster, from Middle English cluster, from Old English cluster, clyster (“cluster, bunch, branch”), from Proto-Germanic *klus-, *klas- (“to clump, lump together”) + *-þrą (instrumental suffix).

(computing) A group of computers that work together.

(epidemiology) A group of cases of the same disease occurring around the same place or time.

(computing) A logical data storage unit containing one or more physical sectors (see block (noun)).


قرون

قرون (plural قرون-قرون or قرون٢)


Yusuf

يوسف (Jawi)
Yusof (alternative)
Yusop (alternative)
Eusof (alternative)
Euysof (alternative)

From Arabic يُوسُف (yūsuf), from Hebrew יוסף (Yōsēph).


topik

topik (Jawi spelling توڤيک, plural topik-topik)

topik . (canonical)
توڤيک (Jawi)
topik-topik (plural)


ampu

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əmpu. Doublet of empu.


ampu

ampu (Jawi spelling امڤو, plural ampu-ampu)


ampu

animal barrier from tops of coconut leaves.


PKR

People's Justice Party
w:People's Justice Party (Malaysia)

(Malaysian politics) Initialism of Parti Keadilan Rakyat. (People's Justice Party, Malaysian liberal political party.)


atur

head

atur (Jawi spelling اتور, used in the form mengatur)

اتور (Jawi)
mengatur (used-in-the-form)
hatur (alternative uncommon)

Indonesian: atur

From earlier hatur, from Proto-Malayic *hatur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatuʀ.


saraf

ms-noun

saraf (Jawi spelling سارف, plural saraf-saraf)

nerve (neurons with their connective tissue sheaths, blood vessels and lymphatics)


meranti

meranti (Jawi spelling مرنتي, plural meranti-meranti)

Indonesian: meranti

→ English: meranti

→ Portuguese: meranti

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *haməti, from Proto-Austronesian *SaməCi (“Solanum nigrum”).

inh

meranti (the timber of any of various trees of the genus Shorea)


tandas

ms-noun

tandas (Jawi spelling تاندس, plural tandas-tandas)

> Indonesian: tandas (inherited)

→ Tausug: tandas

Borrowed from Malayalam തണ്ടാസ് (taṇṭāsŭ).


awak

ms-noun

awak (Jawi spelling اوق, plural awak-awak)

From Proto-Malayic *awak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hawak, from Proto-Austronesian *Sawak (“waist”).

perawakan [causative passive + resultative

A group of people (often staff) manning and operating a large facility or piece of equipment such as a factory, ship, boat, aeroplane, or spacecraft.

(usually in compounds) crew;
A person in a crew.


awak

Indonesian: awak

Awak ada di mana sekarang?

kau-

informal/towards God; friendly/older towards younger


dikau

Variant of engkau, from Proto-Malayic *kau(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kahu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kaSu.


tuanku

توانکو (Jawi)

Daulat tuanku!


RTB

Radio Televisyen Brunei
w:ms:Radio Televisyen Brunei

(Brunei, broadcasting) Initialism of Radio Televisyen Brunei (“Radio Television Brunei”), a state owned public broadcaster of Brunei Darussalam.


imaginatif

ايماݢيناتيف (Jawi)


lanca

lanca (Jawi spelling لنچا, plural lanca-lanca)

(Classical Malay) three-masted big ship.


lanca

From Hokkien 人車 /人车 (lâng-chhia, “rickshaw”).


ابيض

ابيض (plural ابيض-ابيض or ابيض٢)


pasu

Indonesian: pasu

From Portuguese vaso (“vase; vessel (container)”), from Old Galician-Portuguese vaso, from Latin vāsum (“vessel; vase”).

bor

vase: an upright open container used mainly for displaying fresh, dried, or artificial flowers.


songkok

ms-noun

songkok (Jawi spelling سوڠکوق, plural songkok-songkok)


penonton

penonton (Jawi spelling ڤنونتون, plural penonton-penonton)

ڤنونتون (Jawi)
penonton-penonton (plural)

viewer; audience; someone who is watching something (e.g. video, show etc.)


langsat

langsat (Jawi spelling لڠست, plural langsat-langsat)

Indonesian: langsat

→ Dutch: langsat

→ English: langsat

→ Japanese: ランサ (ransa)

→ Khmer: លាំងសាត (lĕəngsaat)

→ Korean: 랑삿 (rangsat)

→ Min Nan: 蘭撒／兰撒 (lân-sat)

→ Russian: лангсат (langsat)

→ Thai: ลางสาด (laang-sàat)

→ Tok Pisin: lansang

Lansium domesticum
Lansium domesticum#Translingual

langsat (fruit of the tree Lansium domesticum)


Kroasia

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

(Indonesia) Croatia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


tarok

(Pontianak) Alternative spelling of taruh (“to put”)


وان

وان (plural وان-وان or وان٢)


Tionghoa

Borrowed from Chinese Hokkien 中華／中华 (Tiong-hôa). Compare Indonesian Tionghoa.

Berbagai-bagai protest dan pemandangan dimajukan oleh leader Tionghua dan Hindu dalam Legislative Council di Singapura.

1933 March 25, “Perubahan-Perubahan di Malaya. Pemandangan Wartawan Kita "Bintang Timur".”, in Saudara, Penang:

All sorts of protests and views were advanced by Chinese and Indian leaders in the Legislative Council in Singapore.


jakal

jakal (Jawi spelling جاکل, plural jakal-jakal)

Indonesian: jakal


bekas

bekas (Jawi spelling بکس, plural bekas-bekas)

Indonesian: bekas

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bekas. Cognate with Javanese bekas and Tagalog bakas.

bekas darah


bekas

Indonesian: bekas

bekas Perdana Menteri


bekas

Indonesian: bekas

Possibly from Hindi बकस (bakas) or Urdu بکس, from English box.

bekas makanan


Paus

Paus (Jawi spelling ڤاءوس, plural Paus-Paus)

Alternative letter-case form of paus (“pope”).


halau

head

halau (Jawi spelling هالاو, used in the form menghalau)

هالاو (Jawi)
menghalau (used-in-the-form)

From Proto-Malayic *halaw, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *halaw, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *halaw, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *halaw.

to drive away (to force someone to leave)


kerbing

ms-noun

kĕrbéng (Jawi spelling کربيڠ, plural kerbing-kerbing)

kĕrbéng (canonical)
کربيڠ (Jawi)
kerbing-kerbing (plural)


udi

udi (Jawi spelling اودي, plural udi-udi)

Javanese ꦲꦸꦝꦶꦏ꧀ (udhik) from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *udəhi; compare Tagalog hulí (“final, previous”). Doublet of mudi and kemudi.


usir

From Proto-Malayic *husir, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *husir, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *husir, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qusiʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *qusiʀ.


melati

melati (Jawi spelling ملاتي, plural melati-melati)

> Indonesian: melati (inherited)

Borrowed from Sanskrit मालती (mālatī, “jasmine”).

bor+

Jasminum sambac
Jasminum sambac#Translingual


metodologi

ميتودولوݢي (Jawi)

Borrowed from English methodology, from French méthodologie.


رشوه

ms-noun

رشوه (plural رشوه-رشوه or رشوه٢)

رسواه رسواه#Malay


rendang

rendang (Jawi spelling رندڠ, plural rendang-rendang)

Indonesian: rêndang

→ English: rendang

From Proto-Malayic *rəndaŋ. Cognate of Minangkabau randang, Iban rendai, Urak Lawoi' เรอนัก (renak) and Pattani Malay รฺือแน (ṛənᵈɛ). First attested in the classical Malay literary work Hikayat Amir Hamzah as early as the 1550s, which had been translated into Malay from the Persian original.
The second sense is a semantic loan from Minangkabau randang.

(obsolete) frying in nothing more than a little oil or fat; dry-currying

rendang, a rich, spicy meat curry of Minangkabau origin made by slowly cooking in coconut milk until dry


rendang

Indonesian: rindang


puan

puan (Jawi spelling ڤوان, plural puan-puan)


kundur

kundur (Jawi spelling کوندور, plural kundur-kundur)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kunduR. Compare Tagalog kundol.

Selalunya gulai sebegini dipadankan dengan kacang bendi dan juga terung. Namun dalam resepi ini saya menukarkannya dengan buah kundur bagi mendapatkan satu kelainan.

2019 July 29, Hamidah binti Mokhtar, Gulai Temenung bersama kundur, retrieved 2024-10-02:

Usually a dish like this is paired with ladies' fingers and brinjal. However, in this recipe I will swap those out with wintermelon gourd for a twist.

Buah kundur ni Mil bagi masa hakak balik kampung baru-baru ni. Sebenarnya tatau nak masak apa pun, tambahan Kundur pun hakak tak pernah makan 😅.

2024 June 3, Salina Jalaludin, Gulai Ikan Kembung dengan Kundur, retrieved 2024-10-02:

This wintermelon gourd was given to me by my mother-in-law when Sister(I) recently returned to (my) village. Honestly I didn't even know what dishes this could make, Sister(I) have never eaten any dishes with wintermelon gourd either 😅.

Gesaan ini dibuat berikutan tindakan kerajaan Singapura menarik semula halwa kundur dari Malaysia yang dikesan mengandungi sulphur dioxide melebihi had maksimum yang ditetapkan dalam Peraturan Makanan Singapura.

2020 July 15, Consumers' Association of Penang, Tarik semula halwa kundur dari pasaran – CAP, retrieved 2024-10-02:

These calls to action were made following the Government of Singapore's decision to start the deshelving of candied wintermelon from Malaysia that were detected as containing (levels of) sulphur dioxide that exceeded the maximum limit set by Singaporean Food Regulations.

Benincasa hispida
Benincasa hispida#Translingual

winter melon, Benincasa hispida, synonym Benincasa cerifera.


piagam

piagam (Jawi spelling ڤياݢم, plural piagam-piagam)

Indonesian: piagam

constitution (legal or formal document or statement)


peduli

Indonesian: peduli

→ Tausug: paruli

From Arabic فُضُولِيّ (fuḍūliyy, “curious; meddlesome”).

bor

dipedulikan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


padam

Indonesian: padam

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *padəm (“to extinguish, douse a fire”).

inh

memadamkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dipadamkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


capai

Dia bekerja sungguh-sungguh untuk mencapai cita-citanya.

He works really hard to achieve his dreams.

Ali mencuba capai buah yang di hujung dahan itu.

Ali tried to get a hold of the apple at the edge of the branch.

to hold or get an object by reaching out to it using one's hand.

Umurnya sudah hampir mencapai 100 tahun.

His age is nearly reaching a 100 years old.


lalang

ms-noun

lalang (Jawi spelling لالڠ, plural lalang-lalang)


jendela

jendela (Jawi spelling جنديلا, plural jendela-jendela)

Indonesian: jendela

Sabah Malay: jandila

From Portuguese janela, from Vulgar Latin *januella.


aksen

aksen (Jawi spelling اکسين, plural aksen-aksen)

From English accent, from Middle English accent, from Medieval Latin accentus and Old French accent, acent, both from Latin accentus, past participle of accinō (“sing to, sing along”).

(linguistics) A higher-pitched or stronger (louder or longer) articulation of a particular syllable of a word or phrase in order to distinguish it from the others or to emphasize it.

aksen Malaysia

(linguistics) Manner of pronouncing a language.

Accent:
Manner of pronouncing a language.

Accent:
(orthography) A diacritical mark.


kurma

kurma (Jawi spelling کورما, plural kurma-kurma)

From Persian خرما (xormâ, “date”), from Middle Persian 𐡕𐡌𐡓𐡉𐡍 (Tᵍ, hwlmʾk', xormā, “date”), possibly from earlier *harmāw.

der

Phoenix dactylifera
Phoenix dactylifera#Translingual

date, the fruit of the date palm, Phoenix dactylifera, somewhat in the shape of an olive, containing a soft, sweet pulp and enclosing a hard kernel.


Salih

From Arabic صَالِح (ṣāliḥ); the prophet's name literally means "pious."


Nur

Borrowed from Arabic نُور (nūr, “light”).


Nuh

(religion) A figure in Abrahamic religions, believed to have built an ark to save his family and members of each species of animal from the Great Flood.


ilah

ms-noun

ilah (Jawi spelling اله, plural ilah-ilah)

Indonesian: ilah

From Arabic إِلٰه (ʔilāh, “god”), from Proto-Semitic *ʾil-.


kerana

کران (Jawi)
karena (alternative)
kerena (alternative)

Borrowed from Sanskrit कारण (kāraṇa, “cause; reason”) (compare Indonesian karena). Doublet of kerani.

bor+

Keranamu kami bebas merdeka,
Keranamu nyawa dipertaruhkan,
Keranamu rela kami berjuang,
Demi bangsa kedaulatan negara.

2000, “Keranamu Malaysia”, Siso Kopratasa (Syed Indera Syed Omar) (lyrics), Pak Ngah (Suhaimi Mohd Zain) (music):

Because of you we are free and independent,
Because of you lives were at stake,
Because of you we are willing to fight,
For our nation and sovereignty.


keran

ms-noun

keran (Jawi spelling کرن, plural keran-keran)

→ Bikol Central: kalan

→ Cebuano: kalan

→ Tagalog: kalan

cf. Urak Lawoi' กรัด (“fireplace; kitchen”).


keran

keran (Jawi spelling کران, plural keran-keran)

From Dutch kraan, from Middle Dutch crāne, from Old Dutch *crano, from Proto-Germanic *kranô, from Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (“to cry hoarsely”). Doublet of kren.


sumpitan

desctree

→ Arabic: سَبَطَانَة (sabaṭāna), زَرْبَطَانَة (zarbaṭāna), زَبَطَانَة (zabaṭāna)
→ Catalan: sarabatana, sarbatana
→ French: sarbacane
→ Italian: cerbottana
→ Portuguese: zarabatana, sarabatana, zarvatana
→ Spanish: cerbatana

→ English: sumpitan

desc

→ Persian: زبطانه (zabatâne), زربطانه (zarbatâne).


majalah

ms-noun

majalah (Jawi spelling مجله, plural majalah-majalah)


senget

> Indonesian: senget (inherited)

→ English: senget


karim

From Arabic كَرِيم (karīm, “kind, honourable, noble, generous”).


sistematik

سيستماتيک (Jawi)


rasis

Racist; constituting, exhibiting, advocating, or pertaining to racism.


gamat

ms-noun

gamat (Jawi spelling ݢامت, plural gamat-gamat)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gamet (edible sea animal or plant).


ungka

ms-noun

ungka (Jawi spelling اوڠک, plural ungka-ungka)

Indonesian: ungka

→ English: ungka

→ German: Ungka


pasif

Borrowed from English passive (“passive”), from Middle English passyf, passyve, from Middle French, French passif, from Latin passivus (“serving to express the suffering of an action; in late Latin literally capable of suffering or feeling”), from passus, past participle of pati (“to suffer”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *peh₁- (“to hurt”). By surface analysis, pas + -if.

der

Being subjected to an action without producing a reaction.

Passive:
(grammar) Being in the passive voice.


antara

انتارا (Jawi)

Indonesian: antara

* From Sanskrit अन्तर (antara, “interior, interval, difference”)
* From Sanskrit अन्तरा (antarā, “in the middle, between”)

bor

antara pukul 5 dan pukul 7

antara dua kerusi

In the middle of two things (of abstract or concrete objects).

perlanggaran antara dua kenderaan

Pilih antara dua warna ini.

murid antara umur 15 dan 17 tahun

Itu antara sebab aku tak suka pisang.

That's one of the reasons I don't like bananas.

Ingat antara belum kena.

Remember while you haven't been affected yet.

Akhirnya sampaiku antara Melaka.

antara 50 orang

antara bandar

antara muka

antarabangsa


antara

انتارا (Jawi)

Indonesian: antara

An interval or gap:
Space between two objects.


mancis

ms-noun

mancis (Jawi spelling منچيس, plural mancis-mancis)

Epenthesis of macis, from English matches.


puteri

puteri (Jawi spelling ڤوتري, plural puteri-puteri)

ڤوتري (Jawi)
puteri-puteri (plural)
putri (alternative Indonesia nonstandard)

> Indonesian: putri (inherited)

→ Maranao: potri

→ Tausug: putli'


reformis

reformis (Jawi spelling ريفورميس, plural reformis-reformis)

ريفورميس (Jawi)
reformis-reformis (plural)


ayu

> Indonesian: ayu (inherited)

From Javanese ꦲꦪꦸ (ayu, “beautiful, pretty”), from Old Javanese ayu, hayu (“good, virtuousness, welfare, happiness; beauty, loveliness”).


makwe

ms-noun

makwe (Jawi spelling مقوى, plural makwe-makwe)

Makwe Cina saya ketiaknya berbau busuk.

My Chinese girlfriend has smelly underarms.

(dialectal, Johor) a form of address for one's aunt


gelen

gelen (Jawi spelling ݢيلين, plural gelen-gelen)

4 gelen air

exactly 4.54609 litres; an imperial gallon


jagung

jagung (Jawi spelling جاݢوڠ, plural jagung-jagung)

Indonesian: jagung

Borrowed from Javanese ꦗꦮꦲꦒꦸꦁ (jawa agung). Compound of ꦗꦮ jawa, a contraction of ꦗꦸꦮꦮꦸꦠ꧀ juwawut "foxtail millet" + ꦲꦒꦸꦁ agung "big". Cognate to Sundanese jagong. Attested in the Tanjung Tanah manuscript dated 14th century CE, Latin form djagoeng first mentioned in the Nederlandsch-Indisch Plakaatboek dated 1800.


marmar

Possibly either:
* Borrowed from Hindi मरमर (marmar) or Urdu مرمر.
* Borrowed from Persian مرمر.


lali

lali (Jawi spelling لالي, plural lali-lali)

Syncrossus hymenophysa
Syncrossus hymenophysa#English

the Syncrossus hymenophysa; a species of freshwater fish in the loach family Botiidae.


lali

Indonesian: lali

dull, insensitive, having lost one's sense of touch on the skin.

normal; to be so used to a tragedy that its bad effects cannot be felt anymore.


رونا

رونا (plural رونا-رونا or رونا٢)


yakin

Indonesian: yakin

From Arabic يَقِين (yaqīn, “certain, undoubted”).

bor

Bos aku tak yakin dengan aku.

Saya tak yakin pasal bila dia tiba.

I'm not confident about when he's arriving.


tekan

Indonesian: tekan

→ English: tekan

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təkən (“downward pressure; bamboo punting pole”). Cognate with Tagalog tikin (“a bamboo pole for propelling boats in shallow streams”).

cog

Tekan butang tu, cepat!

Cik Farid ditekankan untuk menandatangani kontrak tersebut.

Mr. Farid was pressurised into signing the contract.


empu

ms-noun

empu (Jawi spelling امڤو, plural empu-empu)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əmpu. Doublet of ampu.

An honorific title applied to artists (especially craftsmen, as famous krismaker Empu Gandring) and scholars (or poets as Empu Tantular, Empu Sedah, Empu Panuluh) in ancient Javanese history.


interaksi

interaksi (Jawi spelling اينترکسي, plural interaksi-interaksi)

اينترکسي (Jawi)
interaksi-interaksi (plural)


amang

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *amaŋ amaŋ (“dare to do something”).


soal

Indonesian: soal

Polis sedang menyoal suspek tentang rompakan itu.

The police are interrogating the suspect about the robbery.


tardigrada

ms-noun

tardigrada (Jawi spelling تاردݢراد, plural tardigrada-tardigrada)

تاردݢراد (Jawi)
tardigrada-tardigrada (plural)

Tardigrada adalah suatu filum haiwan bercirikan badan yang kecil seni, bersegmen serta berkaki lapan.

Tardigrades are phylum of animals characterized by small, segmented bodies and eight legs.


lotong

lotong (Jawi spelling لوتوڠ, plural lotong-lotong)

لوتوڠ (Jawi)
lotong-lotong (plural)
lutung (alternative)

Indonesian: lutung

→ English: lutung

→ Tok Pisin: lutong

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lutuŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *luCuŋ.

lutung: any of a group of Old World monkeys making up the genus Trachypithecus

surili: a small Old World monkey of the genus Presbytis


cik

A form of address to an unfamiliar man or woman.

A form of address to a woman who has not married.


nangka

nangka (Jawi spelling نڠک, plural nangka-nangka)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *naŋka.

inh+

Artocarpus heterophyllus
Artocarpus heterophyllus#Translingual

jackfruit, the fruit of the tropical tree Artocarpus heterophyllus


kemiri

Indonesian: kemiri
→ English: kemiri


barisan

ms-noun

barisan (Jawi spelling باريسن, plural barisan-barisan)

Barisan Nasional

Kalau nak aiskrim, sila beratur dalam barisan sekarang juga!

If you want ice cream, queue up this instant!


manggis

manggis (Jawi spelling مڠݢيس, plural manggis-manggis)

Indonesian: manggis

→ English: mangosteen

→ Tamil: மாங்கிஸ் (māṅkis)

→ Tausug: manggis

→ Yakan: manggis

Garcinia mangostana
Garcinia mangostana#Translingual

mangosteen, fruit of Garcinia mangostana tree


takoyaki

Borrowed from Japanese 蛸焼(たこや)き (takoyaki).

A ball-shaped Japanese dumpling made of batter and filled with diced octopus, tempura scraps, pickled ginger and green onion.


ماس

ماس (plural ماس-ماس or ماس٢)


علامت

علامت (plural علامت-علامت or علامت٢)


kuman

kuman (Jawi spelling کومن, plural kuman-kuman)


يو

From Proto-Malayic *hiu, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *hiu, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *hiu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qihu (compare Fijian qio), from Proto-Austronesian *qiSu.


sapu

sapu (Jawi spelling ساڤو, plural sapu-sapu)

From Proto-Malayic *sapu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sapu (“to wipe off or brush off; broom”).


sapu

> Indonesian: sapu (inherited)

→ English: sapu

menyapukan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

disapukan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


اري

ms-noun

اري (plural اري-اري or اري٢)


buat

head

buat (used in the form membuat, and berbuat)

membuat (used-in-the-form)
berbuat (used-in-the-form)
boat (alternative)
boeat (alternative)
buwat (alternative)

Indonesian: buat

From Proto-Malayic *buat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buhat.
First attested in the Kedukan Bukit inscription, 683 CE, as Old Malay [script needed] (vuat) in inflected form marvuat (current spelling berbuat).


tangkai

ms-noun

tangkai (Jawi spelling تڠکاي, plural tangkai-tangkai)

Menjual tangkai pangkur dedap.


تاو

تاو (plural تاو-تاو or تاو٢)


tahil

tahil (Jawi spelling تاهيل, plural tahil-tahil)

→ English: tahil, tael

Indonesian: tahil

→ Portuguese: tael


rojak

→ English: rojak

From Javanese ꦫꦸꦗꦏ꧀ (rujak), from Old Javanese rujak.

(cooking) rojak: A traditional Malaysian and Indonesian salad of mixed raw fruits and vegetables served with a sauce.

Faiz Sathi Abdullah, Mardziah Hayati Abdullah, Tan Bee Hoon, Critical Perspectives on Language and Discourse in the New World Order, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2009, →ISBN, →ISBN

(colloquial, Indonesia) A mixture, mishmash.


suara

suara (Jawi spelling سوارا, plural suara-suara)

Indonesian: suara

→ Kapampangan: siuala

→ Maguindanao: suala

→ Tausug: swara

From Sanskrit स्वर (svara, “voice, sound”).

Suaramu sebelahku
Seperti lagu kegemaranku

2021, “Dijangka”, Nur Wahidah (lyrics), performed by Subsonic Eye:

Your voice beside me
is like a favourite song of mine

menyuarakan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

disuarakan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


alatan

alatan (Jawi spelling التن, plural alatan-alatan)

tools (Frequent repetition of the same act)


rasisme

راسيسمى (Jawi)


huruf hidup

Indonesian: huruf hidup


huruf mati

Indonesian: huruf mati

Baku, Singaporean Standard, Sarawak, Sabah


televisyen

télévisyen (Jawi spelling تيليۏيشن, plural televisyen-televisyen)

télévisyen (canonical)
تيليۏيشن (Jawi)
televisyen-televisyen (plural)
televisen (alternative)
televishen (alternative)
televisi (alternative)
televishen (alternative)
television (alternative)

peti televisyen

drema televisyen

televisyen litar tertutup

“Ayah dan ibu tidak pernah memberi tekanan malah mereka memberi kebebasan kepada saya untuk menonton televisyen dan melayari internet. Namun sebulan menjelang UPSR, saya mengehadkan masa hanya antara satu jam hingga dua jam sahaja melayari internet dan melupakan televisyen.

2017 November 24, “Lupakan gajet, televisyen bawa kejayaan [Forgetting gadgets and television brings success]”, in Utusan Malaysia, archived from the original on 2017-11-23:

"Father and mother never gave me stress and they even gave freedom for me to watch television and surf the internet.
However, a month before the UPSR examination, I limited time to between one and two hours only to surf the Internet and forgot about television.

(Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore) television


komku

komku (Jawi spelling کومکو, plural komku-komku)

Blend of komik (“comic”) + buku (“book”).

blend

(comics) A type of illustration which has story and dialog.

(comics) A comic book, regardless of the artistic style.


-kau

Shortened form of engkau, from Proto-Malayic *kau(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kahu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kaSu.

Mereka akan membawakau.

Dia akan tinggal dengankau.

Tanah ini ialah tanahkau.

kau-

informal/towards God; friendly/older towards younger


sahaya

ms-noun

sahaya (Jawi spelling سهاي, plural sahaya-sahaya)

From Sanskrit सहाय (sahāya, “follower”).


saudara-saudari

saudara + saudari. Both saudara and saudari is from Sanskrit.


kita orang

Manado Malay: torang

North Moluccan Malay: torang

Papuan Malay: kitorang

Calque of Hokkien 我儂 /我侬 (góa-lâng, “we; us; our”, literally “me people”), in which kita is likely meant to be a first-person singular pronoun. Compare dia orang and kau orang, and also the development of French on (“we, person”).

calque

kitorang (alternative)
torang (alternative)


dia orang

Calque of Hokkien 伊儂 /伊侬 (i-lâng, “they; them; their”, literally “he/she people”). Originally Baba Malay. Compare kita orang and kau orang.

diorang (alternative)
dorang (alternative)


kau orang

Calque of Hokkien 汝儂 /汝侬 (lú-lâng, “you (plural)”, literally “you people”). Compare kita orang and dia orang.


engkau orang

head

engkau orang (colloquial, incorrect usage for kalian)

Direct translation from Chinese 你们 (nǐmen) (you (plural)).


jangan

Indonesian: jangan

North Moluccan Malay: jang

From Proto-Malayic *jaŋan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zaŋan.
First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (jāṅan).

dan jangan kamu berfikir atu berkata: kita punya Ibrahim akan bappa kami

1612, Albert Cornelius Ruyl, Translation of the Gospel of Matthew into Malay, 3:8:

...and do not think to say to yourselves, ‘We have Abraham as our father.’

Jangan persiakan-siakan masa[…]

2027 May 2, Mohd Rizman Mat Arip, “Prime Land for Sale”, in sg.singnet.marketplace (Usenet):

don't (do not); marks the negative imperative


mak cik

ms-noun

mak cik (Jawi spelling مق چيق, plural mak-mak cik)

مق چيق (Jawi)
mak-mak cik (plural)
makcik (alternative)

Papuan Malay: mace

aunt (a parent’s sister or sister-in-law)


ayah kandung

Indonesian: ayah kandung

Compound of ayah (“father”) + kandung (“to contain, concieve; biological; sack; womb”).


sepupu

ms-noun

sepupu (Jawi spelling سڤوڤو, plural sepupu-sepupu)

Indonesian: sepupu


keturunan

keturunan (Jawi spelling کتورونن, plural keturunan-keturunan)

کتورونن (Jawi)
keturunan-keturunan (plural)

entry or possession of a spirit into the body


pokok keluarga

From pokok (“tree”) + keluarga (“family”).


pohon keluarga

From pohon (“tree”) + keluarga (“family”).


abah

abah (Jawi spelling ابه, plural abah-abah)

ابه (Jawi)
abah-abah (plural)
aba (alternative)
bah (alternative)

→ Indonesian: abah

From Proto-Malayic *abah, an alternative form of *aba.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

2021, Harakah Dailyhttps://harakahdaily.net/index.php/2021/08/16/netizen-mahu-abah-kekal-sebagai-pm/ Situasi itu dapat dilihat apabila netizen dan orang ramai meluahkan perasaan mahu Abah (perdana menteri) terus kekal menerajui pentadbiran negara. Kondisi itu dapat dilihat sejak semalam. (This situation can be seen when netizens and the public express the feeling that they want Abah (the prime minister) should continue leading the country's administration. The condition can be seen since yesterday.)

(slang, Malaysia, informal, politics) Former Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin.


abah

abah-abah (plural)
aba (alternative)
bah (alternative)

→ Indonesian: abah


cucu perempuan

cucu ("grandchild") + perempuan ("girl")


datuk

datuk (Jawi spelling داتوق, plural datuk-datuk)

داتوق (Jawi)
datuk-datuk (plural)
datok (alternative)
atuk (alternative)
tuk (alternative)

Indonesian: datuk

→ Hokkien: 拿督

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *datu, from Proto-Austronesian *datu. Doublet of datu, datung, and ratu.

A father of someone's parent; a grandfather.

A form of address to one's grandfather or someone of a similar age.

A form of address to someone who possesses the title of Datuk.

(archaic) A form of address to a police officer or by a police officer to their superior.

Datuk harimau


nenek

nenek (Jawi spelling نينيق, plural nenek-nenek)

نينيق (Jawi)
nenek-nenek (plural)
nek (alternative)


atuk

atuk (Jawi spelling اتوق, plural atuk-atuk)

اتوق (Jawi)
atuk-atuk (plural)
datuk (alternative)
atok (alternative)


cucu saudara

cucu ("granchild") + saudara ("male sibling")


cucu saudari

cucu ("granchild") + saudari ("female sibling")


datuk saudara

datuk ("grandfather") + saudara ("sibling")


nenek saudari

nenek ("grandmother") + saudari ("sibling")


cicit

Indonesian: cicit

/ˈt͡ʃit͡ʃət/

[ˈt͡ʃi.t͡ʃət̪]

great-grandchild (child of someone's grandchild)


moyang

moyang (Jawi spelling مويڠ, plural moyang-moyang)

From Proto-Malayic *(əm)pu + *hiaŋ, equivalent with blend of empu + hyang.


anak lelaki cicit

From anak lelaki (“son”) + cicit (“great-grandchild”).


cucu lelaki cucu

From cucu lelaki (“grandson”) + cucu (“grandchild”).


datuk nenek

داتوق نينيق (Jawi)

Compound of datuk (“grandfather”) + nenek (“grandmother”).


adik lelaki

ms-noun

adik lelaki (Jawi spelling اديق للاکي, plural adik-adik lelaki)

اديق للاکي (Jawi)
adik-adik lelaki (plural)
adik laki-laki (alternative)


adik perempuan

اديق ڤرمڤوان

adik perempuan (Jawi spelling اديق ڤرمڤوان, plural adik-adik perempuan)

اديق ڤرمڤوان (Jawi)
adik-adik perempuan (plural)

adik ("younger sibling") + perempuan ("girl")


anak saudara

anak ("child") + saudara ("male sibling")


anak saudari

anak ("child") + saudari ("female sibling")


ibu bapa

Compound of ibu (“mother”) + bapa (“father”).

Ibu bapa murid


adik-beradik

sibling (person who shares the same parents)


adik laki-laki

head

adik laki-laki (Jawi spelling اديق لاکي٢, plural adik-adik laki-laki)

اديق لاکي٢ (Jawi)
adik-adik laki-laki (plural)
adik lelaki (alternative)
اديق للاکي (alternative)
اديق لاکي٢ (alternative)


anak laki-laki cicit

anak laki-laki ("son") + cicit ("great-grandchild")


cucu laki-laki cucu

From cucu laki-laki (“grandson”) + cucu (“grandchild”).


bapai

ms-noun

bapai (Jawi spelling بڤاي, plural bapai-bapai)


ayahanda

ayahanda (Jawi spelling ايهندا, plural ayahanda-ayahanda)

ايهندا (Jawi)
ayahanda-ayahanda (plural)

Ayahanda Harry, Putera Charles, mengambil tempatnya untuk mengiringi Meghan ke altar.

Harry's father, Prince Charles, takes his position to walk Meghan to the altar.

bapa

bapanda, bapai, bapak, bapang, baba, papa


akak

term of address for a female acquaintance who is a bit older


akang

akang (Jawi spelling اکڠ, plural akang-akang)


engko

engko (Jawi spelling ايڠکو, plural engko-engko)

From Hokkien, possibly 咉哥 (ńg-ko). See also 咉兄 (ńg-hiaⁿ), 阿哥 (a-ko), 阿兄 (a-hiaⁿ).


yayi

yayi (Jawi spelling يايي, plural yayi-yayi)


ading

ading (Jawi spelling اديڠ, plural ading-ading)

From Proto-Malayic *adi-ŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *adi-ŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *wadi-ŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *huaji, from Proto-Austronesian *Suaji.


adinda

adinda (Jawi spelling اديندا, plural adinda-adinda)


famili

From English family, from Latin familia, from famula (“female servant”).

family (father, mother and their sons and daughters)

family (group of people related by blood, marriage, law, or custom)

(biology, taxonomy) family, organism class category ranking below order and above genus


adelfogami

adelphogamy (marriage between a brother and a sister)


Melayu

From Malayu, a kingdom on Sumatra's eastern coast (today's Jambi). See more at English Malay.

orang Melayu

bahasa Melayu

Malay (ethnic group, people, and language)


buyut

buyut (Jawi spelling بويوت, plural buyut-buyut)


cakawari

چکاواري (Jawi)


cilawagi

cilawagi (Jawi spelling چيلاواݢي, plural cilawagi-cilawagi)

چيلاواݢي (Jawi)
cilawagi-cilawagi (plural)


piut

piut (Jawi spelling ڤيوت, plural piut-piut)

great-great-grandchild (the child of one's great-grandchild)


oneng-oneng

great-great-great-grandchild (the child of one's great-great-grandchild)


ابه

ابه (plural ابه-ابه or ابه٢)


سرم

سرم (plural سرم-سرم or سرم٢)


kuyuk

kuyuk (Jawi spelling کويوق, plural kuyuk-kuyuk)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kuyuk, from Proto-Austronesian *kuyuk. Doublet of koyok. Compare Brunei Malay kuyuk, Rejang kuyuk.


anjing jantan

head

anjing jantan (Jawi spelling انجيڠ جنتن, plural anjing-anjing jantan)

انجيڠ جنتن (Jawi)
anjing-anjing jantan (plural)
انجيڠ جنتن (alternative)


asu jantan

asu jantan (Jawi spelling اسو جنتن, plural asu-asu jantan)

اسو جنتن (Jawi)
asu-asu jantan (plural)
اسو جنتن (alternative)


asu betina

asu betina (Jawi spelling اسو بتينا, plural asu-asu betina)

اسو بتينا (Jawi)
asu-asu betina (plural)
اسو بتينا (alternative)


anjing betina

anjing betina (Jawi spelling انجيڠ بتينا, plural anjing-anjing betina)

انجيڠ بتينا (Jawi)
anjing-anjing betina (plural)
انجيڠ بتينا (alternative)


anjing Dalmatia

anjing Dalmatia (plural anjing-anjing Dalmatia)

anjing (“anjing”) + Dalmatia (“Dalmatia, Dalmatian”).


huski

husky (Any of several breeds of dogs used as sled dogs)


anak asu

ms-noun

anak asu (Jawi spelling انق اسو, plural anak-anak asu)


anak anjing

anak anjing (Jawi spelling انق انجيڠ, plural anak-anak anjing)

انق انجيڠ (Jawi)
anak-anak anjing (plural)


anjing pemburu

head

انجيڠ ڤمبورو

anjing pemburu (Jawi spelling انجيڠ ڤمبورو, plural anjing-anjing pemburu)

انجيڠ ڤمبورو (Jawi)
anjing-anjing pemburu (plural)
انجيڠ ڤمبورو (alternative)


anjing chow

anjing (“dog”) + chow (“from English chow”)

compound

from English <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">chow</i>


faham

Etymology tree
Arabic فَهْم (fahm)bor.
Malay faham
Borrowed from Arabic فَهْم (fahm).

etymon

faham komunisme

faham kapitalisme


faham

Indonesian: faham → paham

→ Urak Lawoi': ปาฮับ (pahap)


anjing corgi

head

anjing corgi (plural anjing-anjing corgi)

anjing (“anjing”) + corgi (“from English corgi, from Welsh corgi, a compound of cor (“dwarf”) and ci (“dog”).”).


delima

ms-noun

delima (Jawi spelling دليما, plural delima-delima)

دليما (Jawi)
delima-delima (plural)
dĕlimă (alternative)

Indonesian: delima

From Pali dāḷima, from Sanskrit दाडिम (dāḍima, “pomegranate tree”).


kosong

jawatan kosong

rumah kosong

Having an empty space or cavity inside; hollow.

cakap kosong

Minuman ini rasa kosong.


kosong

Indonesian: kosong

→ English: kosong

→ Tausug: kusung


sifar

> Indonesian: sifar (inherited)


dwi

دوي (Jawi)
دوي (alternative)
دوي- (alternative)

From Sanskrit द्वि (dvi), from द्व (dvá), from Proto-Indo-European *dwó, *dwóh₁.


puluh

From Proto-Malayic *puluh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puluq, from Proto-Austronesian *puluq.
First attested in the Kedukan Bukit inscription, 683 CE, as Old Malay [script needed] (pulu), in the form sapulu (current spelling sepuluh).


puluh ribu

ڤولوه ريبو (Jawi)


ratus ribu

راتوس ريبو (Jawi)


dua puluh

dua + puluh, from Proto-Malayic *dua(ʔ) puluh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duha puluq, from Proto-Austronesian *duSa puluq.


satu puluh

ساتو ڤولوه (Jawi)
satu puloh (alternative)


desilion

ديسيليون (Jawi)


rumah asu

head

rumah asu (Jawi spelling رومه اسو, plural rumah-rumah asu)

رومه اسو (Jawi)
rumah-rumah asu (plural)
رومه اسو (alternative)

kennel (shelter for a dog); doghouse (kennel)


rumah anjing

rumah anjing (Jawi spelling رومه انجيڠ, plural rumah-rumah anjing)

رومه انجيڠ (Jawi)
rumah-rumah anjing (plural)
رومه انجيڠ (alternative)


daging asu

ms-noun

daging asu (Jawi spelling داݢيڠ اسو, plural daging-daging asu)

داݢيڠ اسو (Jawi)
daging-daging asu (plural)

Synonym of daging anjing: dogmeat (dog eaten as meat)


daging anjing

daging anjing (Jawi spelling داݢيڠ انجيڠ, plural daging-daging anjing)

داݢيڠ انجيڠ (Jawi)
daging-daging anjing (plural)


anjing fox terrier

anjing (“dog”) + fox terrier (“from English fox terrier”).

compound

from English <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">fox terrier</i>


iodin

From English iodine, from French iode, from Ancient Greek ἰοειδής (ioeidḗs) + -ine.


pacu

ms-noun

pacu (Jawi spelling ڤاچو, plural pacu-pacu)

spur, toothed or spiked wheel fixed to one's boot for prodding a horse rode on.


pacu

Indonesian: pacu


segi tiga

segi tiga (Jawi spelling سݢي تيݢ, plural segi-segi tiga)

Compound of segi (“side”) + tiga (“three”). Calque of English triangle.


sawah

sawah (Jawi spelling ساوه, plural sawah-sawah)

> Indonesian: sawah (inherited)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sabaq (“irrigated ricefield”). Cognate to Sundanese sawah, Indonesian sawah


Bumi

planets of the Solar System: ڤلانيت سيستم سوريا: عطارد · زهرة · بومي · مريخ · مشتري · زحل · اورانوس · نيڤتون [edit]


zirafah

ms-noun

zirafah (Jawi spelling زرافه, plural zirafah-zirafah)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-der.?
Classical Persian سرنا
Proto-Indo-European *ped-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *pṓds
Proto-Indo-Iranian *pā́ts
Proto-Iranian *pā́dah
Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎭 (p-a-d)
Classical Persian پَا (pā)
Classical Persian زُرْنَاپَا (zurnāpā)bor.
Classical Syriac ܙܪܝܦܐbor.
Arabic زُرَافَة (zurāfa)bor.
Malay zirafah
Borrowed from Arabic زَرَافَة (zarāfa).

etymon

Alternative form: jerapah (Indonesian)


kaedah

ms-noun

kaédah (Jawi spelling قاعده, plural kaedah-kaedah)

kaédah (canonical)
قاعده (Jawi)
kaedah-kaedah (plural)
kaidah (alternative)


Sepanyol

سڤاڽول (Jawi)

From Dutch spanjool (“Spaniard”), from Spanish español, from Latin Hispānia.

Spain (a country in Southern Europe, including most of the Iberian peninsula)


Sepanyol

سڤاڽول (Jawi)

Indonesian: Spanyol


entah-entah

entah-entah (Jawi spelling انته٢, plural entah-entah-entah-entah)

انته٢ (Jawi)
entah-entah-entah-entah (plural)

great-great-great-great-grandchild (the child of one's great-great-great-grandchild)


onang-aning

great-great-great-great-great-grandchild (the child of one's great-great-great-great-grandchild)


pensel

pensel (Jawi spelling ڤينسيل, plural pensel-pensel)

ڤينسيل (Jawi)
pensel-pensel (plural)
pensil (alternative)

From English pencil or Dutch penseel, both forms directly attested in Kitab Vortaro in 1923.

Pensel yang di atas meja itu, pensel saya.


leher

leher (Jawi spelling ليهير, plural leher-leher)

Indonesian: leher

From Proto-Malayic *lihər, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *liqəʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *liqəʀ.

neck (the part of body connecting the head and the trunk)


ikrar

ikrar (Jawi spelling اقرار, plural ikrar-ikrar)


kucing liar Afrika

kucing liar Afrika (plural kucing-kucing liar Afrika)


kucing liar Asia

kucing liar Asia (plural kucing-kucing liar Asia)


kucing Andes

kucing Andes (plural kucing-kucing Andes)


kucing Borneo

kucing Borneo (plural kucing-kucing Borneo)


kucing merah Borneo

kucing merah Borneo (plural kucing-kucing merah Borneo)


kucing merah

kucing merah (plural kucing-kucing merah)


kucing padang pasir India

kucing padang pasir India (plural kucing-kucing padang pasir India)

kucing-kucing padang pasir India (plural)


kucing banjaran Andes

kucing banjaran Andes (plural kucing-kucing banjaran Andes)

kucing (“cat”) + banjaran (“mountain range”) + Andes (“Andes”)


kucing padang pasir

kucing padang pasir (plural kucing-kucing padang pasir)


kucing hutan

kucing hutan (plural kucing-kucing hutan)


anjing hutan

anjing hutan (Jawi spelling انجيڠ هوتن, plural anjing-anjing hutan)

انجيڠ هوتن (Jawi)
anjing-anjing hutan (plural)


babi rusa

→ French: babiroussa

→ English: babiroussa

→ Romanian: babirusă


mamalia

mamalia (Jawi spelling ماماليا, plural mamalia-mamalia)

From Latin Mammalia. See there for further etymology.


ardvark

From English aardvark, from Afrikaans aarde (“earth”), and vark (“pig”).


tenggiling

tenggiling (Jawi spelling تڠݢيليڠ, plural tenggiling-tenggiling)

تڠݢيليڠ (Jawi)
tenggiling-tenggiling (plural)


antelop

antelop (Jawi spelling انتيلوڤ, plural antelop-antelop)

→ Indonesian: antelop

From English antelope, from Old French antelop, from Medieval Latin antilops, from Byzantine Greek ἀνθόλοψ (anthólops).


tembadau

tembadau (Jawi spelling تمباداو, plural tembadau-tembadau)

تمباداو (Jawi)
tembadau-tembadau (plural)

From Coastal Kadazan tembadau (“banteng”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tamadaw (“kind of wild ruminant”). Compare Aklanon tamaraw ,
Cebuano tamaraw ,Iban temadau and
Tagalog tamaraw


banting

ms-noun

banting (Jawi spelling بنتيڠ, plural banting-banting)

بنتيڠ (Jawi)
banting-banting (plural)
banteng (alternative)


kucing tulap

kucing tulap (plural kucing-kucing tulap)


kucing dahan

kucing dahan (plural kucing-kucing dahan)


dewata

dewata (Jawi spelling ديوات, plural dewata-dewata)


lepas

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ləpas.
First attested in the Kedukan Bukit inscription, 683 CE, as Old Malay [script needed] (lapas), in inflected form marlapas (current spelling berlepas).

melepaskan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

melepasi [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dilepaskan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

dilepasi [patient focus + causative benefactive]


lepas

Indonesian: lepas


lapangan terbang

lapangan terbang (Jawi spelling لاڤڠن تربڠ, plural lapangan-lapangan terbang)

لاڤڠن تربڠ (Jawi)
lapangan-lapangan terbang (plural)

(Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei) airport; airfield


ilmu alam

geography (study of physical structure and inhabitants of the Earth)


batang

batang (Jawi spelling باتڠ, plural batang-batang)

From Proto-Malayic *bataŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bataŋ.

a log; the trunk of a dead tree, cleared of branches

(Bacan, dialect) a large collection of wood floating in the sea

a rod; a straight, round stick, shaft, bar, cane, or staff.

(vulgar) shaft (the main cylindrical part of the penis) – ellipsis of batang zakar or batang pelir

a branch, any of the parts of something that divides like the branch of a tree.

a river (large stream which drains a landmass)

(Central Sumatra, dialect) pantun verses in oral literature


batang

classifier for log, rod or something like log or rod.


batang

From Javanese ꦧꦛꦁ (bathang, “corpse”), from Old Javanese baṭaṅ (“corpse”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bataŋ.


batang

Cognate of Balinese ᬯᬵᬢᬂ (watang, “cause”), Javanese ꦧꦠꦁ (batang, “to answer”).


pawaka

> Indonesian: pawaka (inherited)


bayu

bayu (Jawi spelling بايو, plural bayu-bayu)

بايو (Jawi)
bayu-bayu (plural)
wayu (alternative)

Indonesian: bayu

From Sanskrit वायु (vāyú, “wind”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HwaHyúš, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh-.


purnama

purnama (Jawi spelling ڤورنام, plural purnama-purnama)

→ Indonesian: purnama

From Sanskrit पूर्णमा (pūrṇamā) suffixed from पूर्ण (pūrṇá). Compare with sempurna (“perfect, complete”).


cendera

cendera (Jawi spelling چندرا, plural cendera-cendera)

Indonesian: cendera

From Sanskrit चन्द्र (candra, “moon”), from श्चन्द्र (ścandrá, “shining, radiant”).


baharu

بهارو (Jawi)
bharu (alternative dated)
bahru (alternative dated)

Indonesian: baru, baharu

From Proto-Malayic *baharu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baqəʀu, from Proto-Austronesian *baqəʀuh.


kabus

kabus (Jawi spelling کابوس, plural kabus-kabus)

Indonesian: kabus

Cognate with kabut, from Proto-Malayic *kabut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kabut.

mist (water or other liquid finely suspended in air)


dahan

dahan (Jawi spelling داهن, plural dahan-dahan)

Indonesian: dahan

From Proto-Malayic *dahan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daqan (“branch, bough”).

inh

branch (woody part of a tree arising from the trunk and usually dividing)


habuk

هابوق (Jawi)
abuk (alternative Brunei)
habok (alternative)

From Proto-Malayic *habuk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qabuk.


Afrika Selatan

ms-proper noun

افريکا سلاتن

Afrika Selatan (Jawi spelling افريکا سلاتن)

افريکا سلاتن (Jawi)

South Africa (a country in Southern Africa)


Republik Afrika Tengah

republik (“republic”) + Afrika (“Africa”) + tengah (“center”)

Central African Republic
Central African Republic#English:_Q929

Central African Republic (a country in Central Africa)


Arab Saudi

Saudi Arabia (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


aba-daba

ms-noun

aba-daba (Jawi spelling اب-داب, plural aba-daba-aba-daba)

اب-داب (Jawi)
aba-daba-aba-daba (plural)


bengawan

bengawan (Jawi spelling بڠاون, plural bengawan-bengawan)

Borrowed from Javanese ꦧꦼꦔꦮꦤ꧀ (bengawan).

bor+

river (large stream which drains a landmass)


jauh

Indonesian: jauh

From Proto-Malayic *jauh (compare Indonesian jauh), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)zauq (compare Balinese joh). See also Tagalog layò (“far”).

Tempat itu sangat jauh.


betis

ms-noun

betis (Jawi spelling بتيس, plural betis-betis)

Indonesian: betis

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *bətis, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bətiəs, from Proto-Austronesian *bətiəs.

(anatomy) calf (anatomy: back of the leg below the knee)


payung

payung (Jawi spelling ڤايوڠ, plural payung-payung)

From Proto-Malayic *payuŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *payuŋ (compare Cia-Cia 빠우 (ppa'u), Tagalog payong).
The sense of "treating" is attested at least from 2015, popularize by the tagline jangan kata abang tak payung.

permemayung [agent focus + causative passive]

memayungi [agent focus + causative benefactive]

perdipayung [patient focus + causative passive]

umbrella, parasol (cloth-covered frame used for protection against rain or sun).

Askar itu terjun dari pesawat dengan payung berbentuk bulat.

The soldier jumped out of the plane with a round-shaped parachute.

Cendawan itu ada payung yang besar.

(mycology) a cap or the top part of a mushroom.

(figuratively) something that provide shade or shelter.

Raja adalah payung negara.

(figuratively) Something that provides protection, protector.


payung

Indonesian: payung

→ Dutch: pajong

→ Palauan: baeong

Kami datang dengan berpayung ke mari.

Dia hanya berjalan berpayungkan langit dan awan.

He walks only under the shade of the sky and clouds.

To use as shelter; (poetic) to be under the shade of something.

Pohon ara itu tumbuh memayungi jalan.

(figuratively) To cover and provide shade or shelter

Jom makan, hari ni aku payung.

Kali ini, aku payung gambar kucing aku tengah tidur.

This time, I will show a picture of my cat sleeping.

(slang, Internet) to show something or share a picture, video etc (in sense of treating)


berau

From Proto-Malayic *bəraw, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀaw.

(Hulu Pahang) unfortunate (not favored by fortune)


alir

From Proto-Malayic *halir, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaliʀ, from the root *-liʀ.


alir

alir (Jawi spelling الير, plural alir-alir)

Indonesian: alir


jikalau

جکالاو (Jawi)


kaul

kaul (Jawi spelling کاءول or قول, plural kaul-kaul)

کاءول (Jawi)
قول (Jawi)
kaul-kaul (plural)


terma

terma (Jawi spelling ترما, plural terma-terma)

terma jawatan

matters pertinent position held by a person, such as retirement benefits, pension rights, tenure, salary etc.

terms of regulation or self-contained self-imposed rules in a contract, agreement, etc.


selapan

From Proto-Malayic *əsa(ʔ) alap-an, *isa(ʔ) alap-an.


renang

head

renang (used in the forms berenang, and merenangi)

Indonesian: renang

From Proto-Malayic *rənaŋ (compare Indonesian renang). Adelaar (1992) proposes a derivation from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *naŋuy via these stages: *maʀ-naŋuy > *mAr-naŋi > *mArənaŋ-i > berenang, from which the verb was derived.

Dia sedang berenang di kolam itu.

Dia akan merenangi sungai itu.

(transitive) to swim (to traverse a specific body of water, or a specific distance)


danta

ms-noun

danta (Jawi spelling دنتا, plural danta-danta)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit दन्त (danta).


tubuh

ms-noun

tubuh (Jawi spelling توبوه, plural tubuh-tubuh)

From Proto-Malayic *tubuh (“body”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tubuq, *tumbuq (“grow, germinate, sprout”), from Proto-Austronesian *Cubuq (“plant sprout”). Doublet of tumbuh.

der

(anatomy) body (physical structure of a human or animal)

tubuh kapal


tubuh

Indonesian: tubuh

undang-undang tubuh


pusar

ms-noun

pusar (Jawi spelling ڤوسر, plural pusar-pusar)

Indonesian: pusar

North Moluccan Malay: pusa

From Javanese puser, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pusəj. Doublet of pusat.


kuping

kuping (Jawi spelling کوڤيڠ, plural kuping-kuping)

From Javanese ꦏꦸꦥꦶꦁ (kuping, “ear”), either directly or via Betawi kuping.


kerinjal

kerinjal (Jawi spelling کرينجل, plural kerinjal-kerinjal)

کرينجل (Jawi)
kerinjal-kerinjal (plural)


buah pinggang

> Indonesian: buah pinggang (inherited)


tuhut

tuhut (Jawi spelling توهوت, plural tuhut-tuhut)

From Proto-Malayic *tuət, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuhud, from Proto-Austronesian *tuduS.


benak

benak (Jawi spelling بنق, plural benak-benak)


gelut

Indonesian: gelut


tunggal

single (not accompanied by anything else)


panca-

From panca, from Sanskrit पञ्चन् (páñcan), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pánča, from Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe.

Coordinate term: lima


sapta

From Sanskrit सप्तन् (saptán), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *saptá, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *saptá, from Proto-Indo-European *septḿ̥.


belakang

belakang (Jawi spelling بلاکڠ, plural belakang-belakang)

Indonesian: belakang

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balakaŋ (“hips”).

back (that which is farthest away from the front)


belok

Indonesian: belok

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *biluk (“to wind, curve, turn to the side; to tack, sail into the wind”). Compare Javanese biluk.

inh

Belok ke kiri bila kau sampai simpang T.

Take a right turn when you reach the T-junction.

(intransitive) to turn (move around an axis through itself)

membelokkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]


kumuh

> Indonesian: kumuh (inherited)

From Proto-Malayic *kumuh, *kamah (compare Iban kamah, Indonesian kumuh).


nyawa

ms-noun

nyawa (Jawi spelling ڽاوا, plural nyawa-nyawa)

> Indonesian: nyawa (inherited)

→ Maranao: niyawa

→ Tausug: nyawa

From Proto-Malayic *ñawa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nihawa, from Proto-Austronesian *NiSawa (compare Siraya xinawa).

Jika seseorang itu mati, nyawanya sudah tiada.


benuang

benuang (Jawi spelling بنواڠ, plural benuang-benuang)

From Proto-Malayic *hanuaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qanuaŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *qaNuaŋ.


ulam

ulam (Jawi spelling اولم, plural ulam-ulam)

Indonesian: ulam

From Proto-Malayic *hulam, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qulam (“side dish”).

inh

raw vegetable dish eaten with boiled rice; ulam

ulam-ulaman [reduplication + resultative


muntah

Indonesian: muntah

From Proto-Malayic *muntah, *mutah (compare Indonesian muntah), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *utaq, from Proto-Austronesian *utaq.


ludah

ms-noun

ludah (Jawi spelling لوده, plural ludah-ludah)

From Proto-Malayic *ludah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ludaq.


ludah

Indonesian: ludah

North Moluccan Malay: luda

(intransitive) to spit (to evacuate saliva from the mouth)


kunyah

Indonesian: kunyah

From Proto-Malayic *kuñah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ŋuya. Compare Tagalog nguya and Coastal Kadazan kuza'.

(transitive) to chew or munch (to crush food with teeth prior to swallowing)

mengunyahkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dikunyahkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


mamah

Indonesian: mamah

→ Manado Malay: mama

From Proto-Malayic *mamah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *mamaq.

(transitive) to chew, to masticate, to munch

memamahkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dimamahkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


hisap

head

hisap (Jawi spelling هيسڤ, active menghisap, 3rd person passive dihisap)

هيسڤ (Jawi)
menghisap (active)
dihisap (passive third-person)

Indonesian: hisap

From Proto-Malayic *hisəp, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *hisəp, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *hisəp, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qisəp, from the root *-səp.

hisap rokok

(transitive) to suck; to use the mouth to pull something in (of one's thumb, opium-smoking, tobacco-smoking, etc.)


sedut

(transitive) to suck (to use the mouth to pull in (liquid etc))