duda

ms-noun

duda (Jawi spelling دودا, plural duda-duda)

Indonesian: duda

widower; a man who has lost his wife whether by divorce or through her death


kala

kala (Jawi spelling کالا, plural kala-kala)

time (time of day, as indicated by a clock, etc)

time (measurement under some system of the time of day or moment in time)

time (numerical indication of a particular moment in time)


peta

peta (Jawi spelling ڤتا, plural peta-peta)

> Indonesian: peta (inherited)

Possibly from Sanskrit भूपट (bhūpaṭa, “map”) as भू (bhū, “earth”) + पट (paṭa, “garment”). Similar construction in Latin mappa mundī (“map”), compound of mappa (“napkin, cloth”) + mundus (“world”).

compound

Mari kita mencari itu di peta.

perpetaan [causative passive + resultative

memetakan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dipetakan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


seba

Borrowed from Javanese ꦱꦺꦧ (séba, “to pay homage”)


paha

ms-noun

paha (Jawi spelling ڤها, plural paha-paha)

ڤها (Jawi)
paha-paha (plural)
peha (alternative)

Indonesian: paha

From Proto-Malayic *paha(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paqa, from Proto-Austronesian *paqa (“thigh”). Cognate with Tagalog paa (“foot”).

Paha ayam

Paha manusia


paha

(archaic, mathematics) a fourth, a quarter


paha

a type of bird; Dicrurus aeneus malayensis


Praha

Prague (the capital city of the Czech Republic)


de-

From English de-, from Latin dē (“of, from”).

deaktifkan

(obsolete) de- (reversal, undoing or removing)


di-

head

di- (Jawi spelling before consonant-initial stems د-, Jawi spelling before vowel-initial stems دأ-)

before consonant-initial stems د- (Jawi)
before vowel-initial stems دأ- (Jawi)

From Late Old Malay ni-, from Early Old Malay ni-, from Proto-Malayic *ni-, a metathesis of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-in-, from Proto-Austronesian *-in- (“verb perfective infix for object focus”). Doublet of -in-.

inh

di- + buka (“to open”) → dibuka (“to be opened”)

Pintu itu dibuka (oleh) ayah.

(third person) Patient focus or passive voice marker of a verb.

di- -kan (3rd person passive causitive or locative)

di- -i (3rd person passive causitive or benefactive)


keluar

> Indonesian: keluar (inherited)

Keluar sekarang!


deka-

dekagon


program

ms-noun

program (Jawi spelling ڤروݢرم, plural program-program)


peha

(nonstandard) Alternative spelling of paha(Jawi spelling ڤاه)


cap

From English chop (“An official stamp or seal, as in China and India”), from Indo-Aryan, either Hindi छाप (chāp), Gujarati છાપ (chāp), Bengali ছাপ (chap) all meaning stamp, seal. Doublet of cop.


tsunami

ms-noun

tsunami (Jawi spelling تسونامي, plural tsunami-tsunami)


tong

Indonesian: tong


نام

نام (plural نام-نام or نام٢)


اسم

اسم (plural اسم-اسم or اسم٢)


اسم

اسم (plural اسم-اسم or اسم٢)


koran

koran (Jawi spelling کورن, plural koran-koran)

From Dutch courant (current spelling is krant), from French courant (“current”), from Old French corant, possibly corresponding to Latin currens, currentem. Cognate of Afrikaans koerant, Papiamentu korant. First attested directly as courant in the Kitab Vortaro in 1923.

(limited, in Indonesia incl. Riau) newspaper


PDB

Polis Diraja Brunei
w:ms:Polis Diraja Brunei

(Brunei, law enforcement) Initialism of Polis Diraja Brunei (“Royal Brunei Police Force”)


bias

Related to tempias. Sense of inclination from phono-semantic matching of English bias from French biais.


bias

inclination towards something; predisposition, partiality, prejudice, preference, predilection.

(statistics) the difference between the expectation of the sample estimator and the true population value, which reduces the representativeness of the estimator by systematically distorting it.


aer

(Medan) alternative spelling of air (“water”)


atap

atap (Jawi spelling اتڤ, plural atap-atap)

Indonesian: atap

→ English: attap

→ Min Nan: 亞答／亚答 (a-tap, “thatched roof”)

From Proto-Malayic *hatəp, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatəp.

roof (the cover at the top of a building)


awan

awan (Jawi spelling اون, plural awan-awan)

> Indonesian: awan (inherited)

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *awan, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hawan.

Dia mengingini sungai yang sejuk, jernih,
merindui awan tenang yang paling putih

2005 [1997 July 22], A. Samad Said, A. Samad Said: Sebuah antologi puisi yang menghimpunkan karya-karya selama setengah abad [A. Samad Said: An anthology of poems assembled from works spanning half a century], Utusan Publications, Memanggil Tun Teja (Poem No. 157), page 303:

He yearns for a river that is cold and clear,
misses a calm cloud that is the most white.

cloud (visible mass of water droplets suspended in the air)


keluarga

keluarga (Jawi spelling کلوارݢ, plural keluarga-keluarga)

کلوارݢ (Jawi)
keluarga-keluarga (plural)

> Indonesian: keluarga (inherited)

Compound of Sanskrit कुल (kula, “family; clan; lineage”) + वर्ग (varga, “class; clan; family”), probably via Javanese ꦏꦸꦭꦮꦂꦒ (kulawarga). Compare to ꦏꦮꦸꦭꦮꦂꦒ (kawulawarga).

der

family (father, mother and their sons and daughters)

family (group of people related by blood, marriage, law, or custom)

Keluarga saya bercuti ke Jepun.

(biology, taxonomy) family, organism class category ranking below order and above genus


kakak

ms-noun

kakak (Jawi spelling کاکق, plural kakak-kakak)

From Proto-Malayic *kakaʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaka, from Proto-Austronesian *kaka. Sense of older male sibling lost in Singapore and Malay Peninsular.

sister (older woman or girl having the same parents)

(rare) sibling (older person who shares same parents)

engko (“engku”)

term of address for a female acquaintance who is a bit older


kenapa

کناڤ (Jawi)
kenape (alternative Internet)
knape (alternative Internet)
nape (alternative Internet)
knp (alternative Internet)

Blend of kena (“to affect”) + apa (“what”).

blend

Kenapa kau begitu degil?

“Doktor, tapak tangan saya berpeluh banyak sangat sampai tidak boleh buat kerja. Kenapa boleh jadi begitu?”

2018 December 27, “Kenapa tapak tangan selalu basah, berpeluh? [Why are palms always wet and sweaty?]”, in Media Permata, archived from the original on 2018-12-28:

"Doctor, my palms sweat too much until I cannot do work. Why could this have happened?


mengapa

Indonesian: mengapa

meng- + apa, from Proto-Malayic *mAŋ-apa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maŋ-apa.

"معاڡا كامو كمارى دں ٮىدک ٮرٮاع ٮرساما ٮماں-ٮمٮمو؟…"

Why have you returned, instead of flying with your peers?

“... Mengapa kau kemari dan tidak terbang bersama teman-temanmu?”


asin

اسين (Jawi)
masin (alternative)
ماسين (alternative)

From Proto-Malayic *(mA-)hasin, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)qasin, from Proto-Austronesian *(ma-)qasiN.


Cina

Indonesian: Cina

From a phonetic transcription of Sanskrit चीन (Cīna), probably derived from Old Chinese 秦 (*zin, “State of Qin, Qin dynasty”). Attested in 1701 in Thomas Bowery's English-Malay and Malay-English bilingual dictionary.

der

Dia fasih bercakap bahasa Cina.


gong

ms-noun

gong (Jawi spelling ݢوڠ, plural gong-gong)

From Classical Malay [script needed] (gong), from Javanese gong.


gong

Helicia petiolaris
Helicia petiolaris#English

Xerospermum laevigatum
Xerospermum laevigatum#English


tempe

tempe (Jawi spelling تيمڤي, plural tempe-tempe)

تيمڤي (Jawi)
tempe-tempe (plural)
tempeh (alternative)

Possibly from Old Javanese tumpi (a food made from starch and tempeh) or Malay tapai (“fermentation”).


nama

nama (Jawi spelling نام, plural nama-nama)

Ambonese Malay: nama

Indonesian: nama

From Sanskrit नामन् (nā́man) via Old Javanese, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hnā́ma, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥ (“name”). Displaced Old Malay [script needed] (ngaran) attested in the Laguna Copperplate Inscription dated 900 AD, ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ŋajan, from Proto-Austronesian *ŋajan.

name (word or phrase indicating a particular person, place, class or thing)


para

Indonesian: para

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paRa (collective particle). Compare Acehnese para (“horde, troop”).

inh

para murid

definitive prefix used to denote that the word preceded is plural


para

ms-noun

para (Jawi spelling ڤارا, plural para-para)

Indonesian: para

From Proto-Austronesian *paRa (“storage shelf; attic, loft”). Compare Tagalog pága (“storage loft made of bamboo attached to ceiling”).

cog

para buku

nilai para


zed

The name of the Latin-script letter Z/z.


balai

ms-noun

balai (Jawi spelling بالاي, plural balai-balai)

Indonesian: balai

→ Min Nan: 貓厘／猫厘 (bâ-lî, “couch”)

From Proto-Malayic *balay, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balay, from Proto-Austronesian *balay.

hall, station, large building for public uses

(dialectal) veranda, a front part of traditional house


din

religion (system of beliefs dealing with soul, deity and/or life after death)


virus

From English virus, from Latin vīrus, from rhotacism from Proto-Italic *weizos.

(biology, virology) A submicroscopic, non-cellular structure consisting of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, that requires a living host cell to replicate, and often causes disease in the host organism; such agents are often classed as nonliving infectious particles and less often as microorganisms.


abad

abad (Jawi spelling ابد, plural abad-abad)

dua abad

abad ke-21


Abdul

head

Abdul (Jawi spelling عبد, abbreviation Abd.)

From Arabic عَبْد (ʕabd, “servant [of]”) + ال (al-, “the”).

a male given name from Arabic, usually used by Muslims


Abdullah

عبد الله (Jawi)


aba

Indonesian: aba

From Proto-Malayic *aba, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *aba, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *aba, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aba, from Proto-Austronesian *aba.


aba

aba (Jawi spelling اب, also used in the form aba-aba)

اب (Jawi)
aba-aba (also used-in-the-form)

Borrowed from Indonesian aba, from Javanese ꦲꦧ (aba).

(Indonesia) Command words used in military exercises.


wai

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wahiʀ. Doublet of air.

river (large stream which drains a landmass)


mel

mél (canonical)
ميل (Jawi)
mel-mel (plural)


jus

a liquid from a plant, especially fruit.

(Indonesian)

a fluid produced by the digestive glands


kondom

ms-noun

kondom (Jawi spelling کوندوم, plural kondom-kondom)


kot

Same word as kut, spelling reflecting the southern Malaysian pronunciation.


kot

Dia lalu kot jauh.

(informal) via (prepositioning the path taken by one to reach a destination)


monitor

monitor (Jawi spelling مونيتور, plural monitor-monitor)

From English monitor, from Latin monitor.

Luaran monitor model juga kelihatan lebih premium dan menarik dengan panel belakang berkilat dengan kemasan aluminium futuristik sebagai penegak.

2015 August 24, Nurhayati Abllah, “Monitor lengkung Acer begitu 'trendy' [The Acer curved monitor is so 'trendy']”, in Berita Harian:

The exterior of the monitor model also appears more premium and attractive, featuring a glossy back panel with futuristic aluminum casing as a stand.


komputer

komputer (Jawi spelling کومڤوتر, plural komputer-komputer)

کومڤوتر (Jawi)
komputer-komputer (plural)


telefon

From English telephone or Dutch telefoon, by surface analysis, tele- + -fon.


telefon

head

telefon (Jawi spelling تيليفون, active menelefon, 3rd person passive ditelefon)

تيليفون (Jawi)
menelefon (active)
ditelefon (passive third-person)
telepon (alternative)


kula

ms-noun

kula (Jawi spelling کولا, plural kula-kula)


kula

(Javanese, possibly obsolete) I (me, my)


argentum

Borrowed from Latin argentum, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóm, n-stem form of Proto-Indo-European *h₂erǵ-.


tren

trén (Jawi spelling ترين, plural tren-tren)

trén (canonical)
ترين (Jawi)
tren-tren (plural)

From English train, from Middle English train, from Old French train, from trainer, from Vulgar Latin *traginō, from *tragō, from Latin trahō.

(transport, railway) train (line of connected cars or carriages)

Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian


Adam

(Abrahamism, religion) The first man and the progenitor of the human race.


awning

Holonyms: hijab, tudung

Macam mane nk hilangkan kesan lilin dekat awning tu?

2017 February 12, Tiada Nama, “Lilin Melampau Rosakkan Tudung - Lagi Tips Mudah Keraskan Awning”, in Galeri Artie, archived from the original on 2020-10-28:

How to remove the wax marks near the 'awning'?

Dah siap gosok, dijamin mudah untuk anda bentukkan awning tudung bawal anda tu dan gayakannya mengikut citatasa masing-masing.

2022 November 2, Haifa Nasir, “Dua Teknik Ni, Buat Tudung Bawal ‘On Point’ Sepanjang Hari”, in Hijabista, archived from the original on 2022-12-02:

Once you've finished ironing, it's guaranteed to be easy for you to shape your 'bawal' headscarf 'awning' and style it according to your own preferences.

Ramai perempuan ambil penting bentuk awning tudung mereka sebab awning tudung ni berperanan dalam menaikkan seri dan memberikan gaya tersendiri kepada pemakai.

2023 July 17, “Kenapa nak kena jaga awning tudung?”, in Siti Khadijah, archived from the original on 2023-09-22:

Many women take the shape of their headscarf's 'awning' very seriously because the 'awning' of the headscarf plays a role in enhancing the look and giving the wearer a distinctive style.

(Islam) the top part of a headscarf when being worn (the part above the forehead)


lapis

Indonesian: lapis

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lapis (“stone slab, thin layer”).


lapis

a type of kuih made out of rice flour or wheat flour and coconut milk steamed layer by layer


kamera

کاميرا (Jawi)

Borrowed from English camera, from Latin camera (“chamber or bedchamber”), from Ancient Greek καμάρα (kamára, “anything with an arched cover, a covered carriage or boat, a vaulted chamber, a vault”), of Old Iranian origin, from Proto-Iranian *kamarā- (“something curved”), from *kamárati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kmárati, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂em- (“to bend, curve”). Doublet of kamar, kampus, and komrad.

der

camera (device for taking photos or videos)


matematik

ms-noun

matematik (Jawi spelling ماتماتيک, plural matematik-matematik)

ماتماتيک (Jawi)
matematik-matematik (plural)
matĕmatik (alternative)
matematika (alternative Indonesia)
matématika (alternative Indonesia)

[mɛt̪əˈmɛt̪iʔ]

Borrowed from English mathematics, from Latin mathēmatica (“mathematics”), from Ancient Greek μαθηματικός (mathēmatikós, “fond of learning”), from μάθημα (máthēma, “knowledge, study, learning”).


logika

From Dutch logica, from Latin logica. Doublet of logik.

the study of the principles and criteria of valid inference and demonstration.

a method of human thought that involves thinking in a linear, step-by-step manner about how a problem can be solved. Logic is the basis of many principles including the scientific method.


politik

ڤوليتيک (Jawi)

From Dutch politiek, from French politique by analogy with Aristotle’s "τα πολιτικά" ('affairs of state'). First attested as politiek published in Kitab Vortaro in 1923.


mat

Shortening of Ahmad or Muhammad, two common Malay names.

(colloquial, slang) a certain person; a fellow; a dude.


saga

ms-noun

saga (Jawi spelling ساݢ, plural saga-saga)

From Proto-Malayic *saga, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saga.

Abrus precatorius
Abrus precatorius#Translingual


saga

From English saga, from Old Norse saga (“epic tale, story”), from Proto-Germanic *sagǭ (“saying, story”), from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷe-, *skʷē- (“to tell, talk”).


Arab

Arab (of or pertaining to Arabs and their nations)


pinta

pinta (Jawi spelling ڤينتا, plural pinta-pinta)

From Javanese ꦥꦶꦤ꧀ꦠ (pinta), from Old Javanese pinta, ultimately from Sanskrit हित (hita). Doublet of minta.

A superstitious feeling that brings fortune or success; luck.


pinta

> Indonesian: pinta (inherited)

→ Iban: pinta

Pinta beri 3 gelas air laici.


sate

sate (Jawi spelling ساتي, plural sate-sate)

ساتي (Jawi)
sate-sate (plural)
sesate (alternative)

Indonesian: sate

→ Arabic: سَاتِيه (sātīh)

→ Dutch: saté

→ English: satay / sate / satai / saté

→ French: satay / saté

→ German: Satay / Saté

→ Hokkien: 沙茶 (sa-te)

→ Mandarin: 沙茶 (shāchá)

→ Hungarian: szaté

→ Italian: saté

→ Japanese: サテ (sate)

→ Korean: 사테 (sate)

→ Mandarin: 沙爹 (shādiē) / 沙嗲 (shādiǎ)

→ Polish: satay / saté

→ Portuguese: satay

→ Russian: сатай (sataj) / сате (sate) / сатэ (satɛ)

→ Spanish: satay

→ Teochew: 沙茶 (sa¹ dê⁵)

→ Thai: สะเต๊ะ (sà-dté) (semi-learned)

→ Vietnamese: sa tế

Borrowed from Javanese saté, from Tamil சதை (catai, “flesh”).


lima

From Proto-Malayic *lima(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lima, from Proto-Austronesian *lima. Sense of hand almost completely displaced by tangan minus a few affixed or compound words.


lima

lima (Jawi spelling ليم, plural lima-lima)

ليم (Jawi)
lima-lima (plural)
limă (alternative)


sangat

> Indonesian: sangat (inherited)

→ Tausug: sangat

Kenapa serius sangat?


cucu

cucu (Jawi spelling چوچو, plural cucu-cucu)

Baba Malay: chuchu

Brunei Malay: cucu

Indonesian: cucu

→ Makasar: cucu

→ Manado Malay: cucu

Attested in the Laguna Copperplate Inscription, 900 AD, as 𑼗𑼸𑼗𑼸 (cucu). From Proto-Malayic *cucuʔ. Probably from duplication of Proto-Mon-Khmer *cuuʔ (“grandchild”).


dewa

dewa (Jawi spelling ديوا, plural dewa-dewa)


litium

ليتيوم (Jawi)

From English lithium, from New Latin lithium.


jak

(Pontianak) Alternative spelling of sahaja (“only”)


ujan

ujan (Jawi spelling اوجن, plural ujan-ujan)

(dialect, Brunei) Alternative form of hujan (“rain”)


bina

Indonesian: bina

From Arabic بِنَاء (bināʔ, “building, construction (act of)”).


bin

From Classical Malay bin, from Arabic بِن (bin, “son”). Cognate to Indonesian bin.

Amir bin Aiman


acar

ms-noun

acar (Jawi spelling اچر, plural acar-acar)

Borrowed from Classical Persian آچار (āčār, “pickle, marinade”). Doublet of acara and ajar.


acar

(Kedah) A place for disposing of kitchen waste.


aerodinamik

ms-adj

اءيروديناميک

aerodinamik (Jawi spelling اءيروديناميک)

اءيروديناميک (Jawi)

From English aerodynamic and aerodynamics.


aerodinamik

ms-noun

اءيروديناميک

aerodinamik (Jawi spelling اءيروديناميک, plural aerodinamik-aerodinamik)

اءيروديناميک (Jawi)
aerodinamik-aerodinamik (plural)
aerodinamis (alternative)
aerodinamika (alternative)


عين

عين (plural عين-عين or عين٢)


aba-aba

Borrowed from Indonesian aba-aba, from Javanese ꦲꦧꦲꦧ (aba-aba, “verbal command”).


aksara

ms-noun

aksara (Jawi spelling اکسارا, plural aksara-aksara)

Indonesian: aksara

Borrowed from Sanskrit अक्षर (akṣara, “alphabet”).

aksara Kawi


paya

paya (Jawi spelling ڤايا, plural paya-paya)


pawana

pawana (Jawi spelling ڤاوان, plural pawana-pawana)

Indonesian: pawana


monyet

monyet (Jawi spelling موڽيت, plural monyet-monyet)

Borrowed from Javanese ꦩꦺꦴꦚꦺꦠ꧀ (monyèt, “a kind of monkey”), likely from a nasalized variant of Old Javanese busyat, boset, buset (“a kind of monkey”).

bor+

Monyet suka makan pisang.


misa

Indonesian: misa

→ Iban: misa

From Portuguese missa (“mass”), from Old Galician-Portuguese missa, from Late Latin missa (“mass”), from Latin mittō (“I send”), from Proto-Indo-European *meyth₂- (“to exchange, remove”).


minit

ms-noun

minit (Jawi spelling مينيت, plural minit-minit)

مينيت (Jawi)
minit-minit (plural)
menit (alternative)

Borrowed from English minute, from Old French minut, from Medieval Latin minūta.

a (usually formal) written record of a meeting or a part of a meeting.


misai

misai (Jawi spelling ميساي, plural misai-misai)


moga

From Old Javanese moga, amoga, amogha (“and hence it happened”), probably from Sanskrit अमोघ, अमोघा (amogha, amoghā, “succeeding”).


cabai

ms-noun

cabai (Jawi spelling چاباي, plural cabai-cabai)

From Old Javanese cabe, cabya, cawya, cawi (“pepper”), from Sanskrit चव्य, चवि (cavya, cavi, “Piper chaba”).

der

(dialect) chili: the pungent, spicy fresh or dried fruit of any of several cultivated varieties of capsicum peppers, used in cooking.

(dialect) chili pepper: any fruit of a plant of the botanical genus Capsicum, which has a spicy/burning flavour because it contains capsaicin.


lada

ms-noun

lada (Jawi spelling لادا, plural lada-lada)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lajaq or *laja.
* Semantic loan from Minangkabau lado (“chili pepper”), via particularly the Negeri Sembilan dialect.


-an

head

Jawi spelling after non-􂀿i􂁀 or 􂀿u􂁀 vowel

-an (Jawi spelling after consonant or [i] ـن, Jawi spelling after [u] ـان, Jawi spelling after non-[i] or [u] vowel ـاءن)

after consonant (Jawi)
[i] ـن (Jawi)
after [u] ـان (Jawi)
after non-[i] (Jawi)
[u] vowel ـاءن (Jawi)

Indonesian: -an

From Proto-Malayic *-an, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-an, from Proto-Austronesian *-an.

bangun (“to wake up, to get up”) + -an → bangunan (“building”)


-an

Borrowed from English -ant, from Middle English -ant, -aunt, partly from Old French -ant, from Latin -āns; and partly (in adjectival derivations) continuing Middle English -ant, a variant of -and, -end, from Old English -ende (present participle ending).

der

militan


-al

Borrowed from Dutch -aal and English -al.

konvensional


singa

ms-noun

singa (Jawi spelling سيڠا, plural singa-singa)

→ Bau Bidayuh: singa

→ Central Melanau: singa

desctree

> Indonesian: singa (inherited)
→ Nalca: singa

→ Maranao: singa

Borrowed from Sanskrit सिंह (siṃhá, “lion”).


teh

> Indonesian: teh (inherited)


teh

(Perak) A title of address for the sixth child in a family.

(Pahang) A title of address for the fourth child in a family.


belerang

بليرڠ (Jawi)
belirang (alternative)
melirang (alternative)
welirang (alternative)

Bilba: balilang

Buginese: belérang

Indonesian: belerang

Ngaju: barirang

Tae': balirang

Tetum: baliran


gema

ms-noun

gema (Jawi spelling ݢما, plural gema-gema)


geta

geta (Jawi spelling ݢتا, plural geta-geta)


bea

Indonesian: bea

zh-l

傌仔／㐷仔 (bé-á)

→ Min Nan: 傌仔／㐷仔 (bé-á)


bandar

ms-noun

bandar (Jawi spelling باندر, plural bandar-bandar)

Indonesian: bandar

→ Iranun: bandar

desctree

→ Javanese: ꦧꦤ꧀ꦢꦂ (bandar)
→ Indonesian: bandar (semantic loan)

→ Maranao: bandar

Borrowed from Persian بندر (bandar, “port, harbour”).

bor+

City:
The city as opposed to the countryside.


pala

ms-noun

pala (Jawi spelling ڤالا, plural pala-pala)

From Sanskrit फल (phala). Doublet of pahala.

Myristica fragrans
Myristica fragrans#Translingual


bakat

bakat (Jawi spelling باکت, plural bakat-bakat)

Indonesian: bakat


dingo

dingo (Jawi spelling ديڠو, plural dingo-dingo)

From English dingo, from Dharug dingu (“tame dingo”).


nana

nana (Jawi spelling نان, plural nana-nana)

bor

Tamil அண்ணா (aṇṇā)


guru

ms-noun

guru (Jawi spelling ݢورو, plural guru-guru)

Indonesian: guru

→ Tagalog: gulo, → guro (learned)

From Sanskrit गुरु (gurú, “teacher, sage”) via Old Javanese, from Proto-Indo-Aryan *gr̥Húṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥Húš, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥h₂ús (“heavy”).


magnet

magnet (Jawi spelling مݢنيت, plural magnet-magnet)

From English magnet, from Middle English magnete, via Old French magnete, Latin magnēs, magnētem (“lodestone”), from Ancient Greek μαγνῆτις [λίθος] (magnêtis [líthos], “Magnesian [stone]”).

der

μαγνῆτις 􂀿λίθος􂁀


-si

Learned borrowing from Indonesian -si, from Dutch -tie or -sie, from Latin -tiō. Doublet of -sen, -syen, and -shen.

aksi


-si

Borrowed from English -cy, from Anglo-Norman -cie, ultimately from Latin -cia, -tia, Ancient Greek -κια (-kia), -τια (-tia), originally variants of Latin -ia and Ancient Greek -ια (-ia), -ία (-ía) or -εια (-eia).

farmasi


-en

head

-en (Bruneian, Malaysian and Singaporean Jawi spelling ـن, Indonesian Jawi spelling ـين)

* (Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore)
** From English -ent, from Middle English -ent, also -ant, -aunt, etc., from Old French -ent and its source Latin -ēns (accusative singular -entem), suffix of present participles of verbs in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th conjugations.
* (Indonesia)
** From Dutch -ent.

residen

presiden

insiden


mantra

ms-noun

mantra (Jawi spelling منترا, plural mantra-mantra)

منترا (Jawi)
mantra-mantra (plural)
mantera (alternative)


laki

laki (Jawi spelling لاکي, plural laki-laki)

First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (lāki).


hidrogen

هيدروݢن (Jawi)

From English hydrogen, from French hydrogène, from Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr) + γεννάω (gennáō).


ganar

Possibly borrowed from Minangkabau [Term?].


ganar

ganar (Jawi spelling ݢانر, plural ganar-ganar)


akustik

اکوستيک (Jawi)

From Ancient Greek ἀκουστῐκός (akoustĭkós, “of or for hearing”), from ἀκούω (akoúō, “to hear”) + -ῐκός (-ĭkós, adjectival suffix).


akustik

اکوستيک (Jawi)

acoustic (pertaining to hearing or the science of sounds)


terima kasih

ms-phrase

terima kasih (Jawi spelling تريما کاسيه)

تريما کاسيه (Jawi)

Indonesian: terima kasih

→ Afrikaans: tramma kassie

→ Buginese: terima kasih

→ Iban: terima kasih

desc

ตือรีมอ กาเซะฮ

→ Pattani Malay: ตือรีมอ กาเซะฮ (tərimɔ kaseh) (learned)

→ Talaud: tarima kase

Compound of terima (“receive”) + kasih (“care”).


yogurt

ms-noun

yogurt (Jawi spelling يوݢورت, plural yogurt-yogurt)


oi

Oi, apa kau buat tu?!


alfabet

alfabet (Jawi spelling الفابت, plural alfabet-alfabet)

From Dutch alfabet, from Late Latin alphabētum, from Ancient Greek ἀλφάβητος (alphábētos).

alfabet Inggeris

(informal) An alphabet; an ordered set of letters used in a language.


surat

surat (Jawi spelling سورت, plural surat-surat)

→ Bikol Central: surat

→ Hanunoo: surat

Indonesian: surat
→ Tetum: surat

→ Malagasy: soratra

→ Tagalog: sulat

→ Ternate: surat


emas

emas (Jawi spelling امس, plural emas-emas)

امس (Jawi)
emas-emas (plural)
mas (alternative colloquial)

Indonesian: emas

Several etymologies have been proposed:
* From Sanskrit माष (māṣa, “particular weight of gold”). Compare to Bengali মাস্ (maś).
* From Pre-Angkorian Old Khmer mās ~ mas (“gold”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *jmaas, an infixed form of *jaas (“to shine”). Compare Old Mon yimās (“shining (gold)”) and yās (“dawn; to shine”).

der

pingat emas

Harga emas berlegar menghampiri paras terendah dalam empat minggu apabila kekuatan dolar Amerika Syarikat membatasi permintaan terhadap aset selamat itu.

2022 June 14, Reuters, “Harga emas terendah dalam empat minggu”, in Malaysiakini:

mengemasi [agent focus + causative benefactive]

peremasan [causative passive + resultative


senang

Indonesian: senang

→ Dutch: senang

→ Hokkien: [script needed] (sēr-nang)

→ Teochew: [script needed] (si⁷ nang¹)

→ Cantonese: [script needed] (si nang)


ana

kau-

informal/towards God; friendly/older towards younger


cam

> Indonesian: cam (inherited)

From Sanskrit [Term?]. Compare Urak Lawoi' จับ (cap, “to remember”).

to recognise by sight; to identify; to remember what has been seen


batik

ms-noun

batik (Jawi spelling باتيق, plural batik-batik)


labial

لابيال (Jawi)

From English labial, from Medieval Latin labiālis (“of or pertaining to the lips”), from labium (“a lip”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix).

af

(linguistics, phonetics) Articulated by the lips, as the consonants b, m and w.


labial

head

labial (Jawi spelling لابيال, also used in the form bunyi labial)

لابيال (Jawi)
bunyi labial (also used-in-the-form)

(linguistics, phonetics) A labial consonant.


pion

ms-noun

pion (Jawi spelling ڤيون, plural pion-pion)

From Indonesian pion, from Dutch pion (“pawn”), from French pion, from Old French peon, poon, paon, from Late Latin pedō, pedōnem (“footsoldier”), from Latin pēs, pedem (“foot”). Doublet of piung.


saran

Indonesian: saran

menyarankan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

menyarani [agent focus + causative benefactive]

disarankan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

disarani [patient focus + causative benefactive]


sen

سين (Jawi)
sen-sen (plural)
سين (alternative)

From English cent, from Old French cent (“hundred”), from Latin centum, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.


sial

→ English: sial

Tagged at the end of a sentence to express discontent, shock, exhaustion or exasperation


sial

Either from English sial or a blend of silikon (“silicon”) + aluminium (“aluminium”).


sima

Either from English sima or a blend of silikon (“silicon”) + magnesium.


bait

ms-noun

bait (Jawi spelling بيت, plural bait-bait)

→ Indonesian: bait

From Arabic بَيْت (bayt), from Proto-Semitic *bayt-.

home (house or structure in which someone lives)

(literature) couplet (a pair of lines in poetry)


bait

bait (Jawi spelling باٴيت, plural bait-bait)


stadium

stadium (Jawi spelling ستاديوم, plural stadium-stadium)

ستاديوم (Jawi)
stadium-stadium (plural)
stadion (alternative)

From English stadium, from Latin stadium, from Ancient Greek στάδιον (stádion), from στάδιος (stádios), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-.

stadium (venue where sporting events are held)


trend

trend (Jawi spelling تريند, plural trend-trend)

تريند (Jawi)
trend-trend (plural)
tren (alternative)

Unadapted borrowing from English trend, from Middle English trenden (“to roll about, turn, revolve”), from Old English trendan (“to roll about, turn, revolve”), from Proto-West Germanic *trandijan (“to turn, roll, revolve”), apparently derived from a strong verb Proto-West Germanic *trindan.


formal

From English formal, from Middle English formel, from Old French formel, from Latin fōrmālis, from fōrma (“form”).

Formal:
Being in accord with established forms.

Proper, according to strict etiquette; not casual.


laksa

ms-noun

laksa (Jawi spelling لقسا, plural laksa-laksa)

Indonesian: laksa

→ English: laksa

From possibly either:
* Classical Persian لاکچه (lākča, “pasta put into broth”)
* Sanskrit लाक्षा (lākṣā, “red dye; lac”)

der

laksa (a spicy stew from Indonesia or Malaysia)


laksa

Indonesian: laksa

→ Cebuano: laksa

→ Tagalog: laksa

From Sanskrit लक्ष (lakṣa, “hundred thousand”).


cis

ouch (expression in sympathy at another’s pain)


mai

(dialectal) to come (to move from further away to nearer to)


ر

The eleventh letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Arabic script.

ا

Arabic script letters (alphabet appendix, script appendix)


pipi

ms-noun

pipi (Jawi spelling ڤيڤي, plural pipi-pipi)

From Proto-Malayic *pipi, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pipi.


batu

batu (Jawi spelling باتو, plural batu-batu)

Indonesian: batu

Cocos Islands Malay: batu

→ Hokkien: 礣砥 (bá-tû)

From Proto-Malayic *batu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *batu, from Proto-Austronesian *batu. Cognate with Hawaiian pōhaku and Tagalog bato.

Keras macam batu.


babi

babi (Jawi spelling بابي, plural babi-babi)

بابي (Jawi)
babi-babi (plural)
baie (alternative)

Baba Malay: babi

Indonesian: babi
→ Dutch: babi

→ Palauan: babii
→ Yapese: baabiy

From Proto-Malayic *babi, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *babuy, from Proto-Austronesian *babuy.


padi

padi (Jawi spelling ڤادي, plural padi-padi)

From Proto-Malayic *padi, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pajay, from Proto-Austronesian *pajay.


padi

> Indonesian: padi (inherited)

→ English: paddy

2. a type of plant

tiny (of a diminutive sense, used in certain nouns)


maki

Synonym(s): ejek, umpat, kutuk


واحد

احد احد#Malay


Türkiye

Unadapted borrowing from Turkish Türkiye.

ubor

Southeastern Europe
Southeastern Europe#English

(neologism, official, uncommon) Turkey (a country located in Eastern Thrace in Southeastern Europe and Anatolia in western Asia)


miniskirt

مينيسکرت (Jawi)


bah

Indonesian: bah

From Proto-Malayic, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bahaq, from Proto-Austronesian *baSaq. Cognate with Sundanese caah.


نان

ms-noun

نان (plural نان-نان or نان٢)


remis

remis (Jawi spelling رميس, plural remis-remis)


Johan

Borrowed from Classical Persian جهان (jahān, “world”), from Middle Persian [script needed] (gyhʾn' /gēhān/, “worldly creatures, world”), from plural genitive form of Proto-Iranian *gay-θā-.

der

a male given name from Persian, meaning “champion”


lahar

ms-noun

lahar (Jawi spelling لاهر, plural lahar-lahar)


ku

کو (Jawi)
aku (alternative)
daku (alternative)

Shortened form of aku, from Proto-Malayic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

Kutahu.

Dia mengenaliku.

Dia pergi denganku.

Ini barangku.


nostalgia

nostalgia (Jawi spelling نوستلݢيا, plural nostalgia-nostalgia)

نوستلݢيا (Jawi)
nostalgia-nostalgia (plural)


bunga

bunga (Jawi spelling بوڠا, plural bunga-bunga)

> Indonesian: bunga (inherited)

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *buŋaʔ (compare Indonesian bunga), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa (compare Ilocano bunga (“fruit”), Tagalog bunga (“fruit”)).

Bunga Mawar itu berwarna merah.

flower (reproductive structure in angiosperms)

Dia ialah seorang bunga yang menawan.

Bunga tayar sudah haus.


bunga

Semantic loan from English interest, by analogy with bank interest growing over time like flowers, as well as wordplay referring to the sense of "attention" in English and the sense of "beauty, looking good" in Indonesian. Compare to Thai ดอกเบี้ย (dɔ̀ɔk-bîia, “interest”, literally “flower money”).

noncog

2002, Takiah Mohd Iskandar & Norida Basnan, Perakaunan Kewangan: Prinsip dan Amalan di Malaysia, Vol. 1, Cerdik Publications, page 174.
Sekiranya nota janji yang dikeluarkan menjadi matang dalam tempoh perakaunan berikutnya jumlah bunga daripada tarikh nota dikeluarkan hingga tarikh penyata kewangan perlu diakrukan.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


sumpit

ms-noun

sumpit (Jawi spelling سومڤيت, plural sumpit-sumpit)

From Proto-Malayic *sumpit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpit, from Proto-Austronesian *sumpit.

Seekor sumpit berenang di air.

(zoology) an archerfish, a kind of fish that shoots insects with water in the genus Toxotes; usually as ikan sumpit or sumpit-sumpit.


sumpit

Indonesian: sumpit

→ English: sumpit

Budak itu pandai menyumpit.

That kid is skilled at using a blowpipe.


sumpit

* From Baba Malay sumpit, from Hokkien 栓筆 /栓笔 (sng-pit, “holding pin”).
* From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *supit (“narrow, to pinch, tongs”), from Proto-Austronesian *supit (“narrow, to pinch, tongs”). Doublet of sepit.


sumpit

a type of sack of a matwork for holding rice, salt etc.


wang

Indonesian: uang

→ Hokkien: 鈁 /钫 (hoáng)

Possibly from Hokkien 圓 /圆 (oân, “round; currency”).


vitamin

ms-noun

vitamin (Jawi spelling ۏيتامين, plural vitamin-vitamin)

From English vitamin, earlier vitamine, from Latin vīta (“life”) (see vital) + amine.

vitamin: any of a specific group of organic compounds essential in small quantities for healthy human growth, metabolism, development, and body function; found in minute amounts in plant and animal foods or sometimes produced synthetically; deficiencies of specific vitamins produce specific disorders.


فيلم

فيلم (plural فيلم-فيلم or فيلم٢)


matrilineal

ماتريلينيال (Jawi)


lancia

Borrowed from Hokkien 人車 /人车 (lâng-chhia, “rickshaw”).


sore

ms-noun

sore (Jawi spelling سوري, plural sore-sore)

From Indonesian sore, from Javanese ꦱꦺꦴꦫꦺ (soré), from Old Javanese sore (“evening”), from sor (“lower, below”) + we, way (“sun, day”).

(Indonesia) afternoon (part of the day between noon and evening)


ulu

dated spelling of hulu (“upriver; head”)


informal

اينفورمل (Jawi)

From English informal. By surface analysis, in- + formal.


ubi

ubi (Jawi spelling اوبي, plural ubi-ubi or ubi-ubian)

اوبي (Jawi)
ubi-ubi (plural)
ubi-ubian (plural)

Indonesian: ubi

From Old Malay hubi, as attested in the Tanjung Tanah manuscript dated 14th century, from Proto-Malayic *hubi, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *hubi, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *hubi, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qubi (“yam”).


pistol

pistol (Jawi spelling ڤيستول, plural pistol-pistol)

From Dutch pistool. Ultimately from Czech píšťala (“whistle”), from Proto-Slavic *piščalь, from *piskati, *piščati (“to squeak, whistle”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *pīṣk-.

a pistol (gun, handheld short firearm weapon)


abab

abab (Jawi spelling ابب, plural abab-abab)

(Brunei) a type of musical instrument with two or three strings


halo

Borrowed from Dutch hallo, possibly through Indonesian halo.

Halo, nak tanya pasal kerja rumah tadi sekejap, boleh?

Hello, can I ask about the homework earlier?

(uncommon, informal) Used to greet people; hello.


halo

halo (Jawi spelling هلو, plural halo-halo)

From English halo, from Latin halōs, from Ancient Greek ἅλως (hálōs, “threshing floor; disk; disk of the sun or moon; ring of light around the sun or moon”), of unknown origin.

der

A circular band of coloured light, visible around the sun or moon etc., caused by reflection and refraction of light by ice crystals in the atmosphere.


horizon

هوريزون (Jawi)

From English horizon, from Middle English orisonte, orisoun, from Middle French horizon, horizonte, from Old French orisonte, orison, via Latin horizōn, from Ancient Greek ὁρίζων (horízōn), from ὅρος (hóros, “boundary”).

The visible horizontal line (in all directions) where the sky appears to meet the earth in the distance.

(figuratively) The range or limit of one's knowledge, experience or interest; a boundary or threshold.


gula

From Sanskrit गुल (gula, “unrefined sugar, molasses”). The Sanskrit equivalent is मधुरं (madhuraṃ, “sugar”).

sugar (sucrose from sugar cane or sugar beet and used to sweeten food and drink)


pupil

ms-noun

pupil (Jawi spelling ڤوڤيل, plural pupil-pupil)

Borrowed from English pupil, from Middle French pupille, from Latin pūpilla (“pupil; little girl, doll”).

der

(anatomy) pupil (the hole in the middle of the iris of the eye)


mulai

مولاءي (Jawi)

Indonesian: mulai

North Moluccan Malay: mulai


gi

From Hindi घी (ghī) or Urdu گھی (ghī), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀖𑀺𑀤 (ghida), from Sanskrit घृत (ghṛtá). Cognate of English ghee.


gi

Kau gi ngan siapa?


paham

Nativization of faham, from Arabic فَهْم (fahm, “understanding”).


museum

ms-noun

museum (Jawi spelling موسيوم, plural museum-museum)

موسيوم (Jawi)
museum-museum (plural)
muzium (alternative Brunei Malaysia Singapore)

From Dutch museum, from Latin museum, from Ancient Greek Μουσεῖον (Mouseîon, “a shrine of the Muses”). First attested in the Kitab Vortaro published in 1923. Doublet of muzium.

der

(Indonesia) museum: a building or institution dedicated to the acquisition, conservation, study, exhibition, and educational interpretation of objects having scientific, historical, cultural or artistic value.


yang mana

yg mana (alternative)
yg mn (alternative)
yg mane (alternative)

Baju yang mana mesti kupakai?


durian

ms-noun

durian (Jawi spelling دورين or دوريان, plural durian-durian)

دورين (Jawi)
دوريان (Jawi)
durian-durian (plural)

> Indonesian: durian (inherited)

→ Burmese: ဒူးရင်းသီး (du:rang:si:)

→ Cebuano: duryan

→ Chinese: 榴槤 /榴梿 (liúlián)

→ Dutch: doerian

→ English: durian (see there for further descendants)

→ Kapampangan: durian

→ Lao: ທຸລຽນ (thu līan)

→ Swahili: duriani

→ Tamil: துரியான் (turiyāṉ)

→ Tagalog: durian, duryan

→ Thai: ทุเรียน (tú-riian)

→ Vietnamese: sầu riêng

Affixation of duri + -an, from Proto-Malayic *duri-an, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duʀi-an.


rambutan

rambutan (Jawi spelling رمبوتن or رامبوتن, plural rambutan-rambutan)

رمبوتن (Jawi)
رامبوتن (Jawi)
rambutan-rambutan (plural)


cubit

head

cubit (Jawi spelling چوبيت, used in the form mencubit)

چوبيت (Jawi)
mencubit (used-in-the-form)

→ Macanese: chubí

From Proto-Malayic *-bit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-bit, from Proto-Austronesian *-bit.

to pinch (to squeeze a small amount of skin)


puma

puma (Jawi spelling ڤوما, plural puma-puma)

ڤوما (Jawi)
puma-puma (plural)
ڤوما (alternative)

Borrowed from English puma, from Quechuan puma.

Puma concolor
Puma concolor#Translingual

puma (mountain lion); cougar (Puma concolor)


abur

abur (active mengabur, 3rd person passive diabur)

mengabur (active)
diabur (passive third-person)

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦮꦸꦂ (awur, “to do haphazardly or without basis”), and Old Javanese awur (“confused, mixed up together, hard to distinguish clearly”). Doublet of awur.


قاموس

ms-noun

قاموس (plural قاموس-قاموس or قاموس٢)


-er-

suling → seruling

gigi → gerigi

Used to form a noun (which has, contains, or is characteristic).

gesek → geresek

Used to form a verb (repeated, having repetition, or continuous).

kontang → kerontang

Used to form a verb(which has, contains, or is characteristic).


-i

head

-i (Jawi spelling ـي, active meng- -i, 3rd person passive di- -i)

ـي (Jawi)
meng- -i (active)
di- -i (passive third-person)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-i (local transitive suffix).

-kan

first sense, generally before an inanimate object, but not always

hamba (“slave”) + -i → hambai (“enslave”)

baik (“good”) + -i → baiki (“to make something good; to fix”)

Gives a causitive meaning or a meaning of causing something to form imperative transitive verbs.

tumpah (“to fall out”) + -i → tumpahi (“fall onto”)

dekat (“close, near”) + -i → dekati (“get closer or nearer to; to approach”)

Gives a locative meaning, that is, of stating a locational element to imperative verbs.


-i

ـي (Jawi)
-iah (alternative)
-ni (alternative)
-wi (alternative)
-wiah (alternative)

Borrowed from Arabic nisba suffix ـِيّ (-iyy).

abad (“century”) + -i → abadi (“eternal, everlasting”)

bahar (“sea”) + -i → bahari (“sea-related”)

Forms an adjective that is related to the base word.


-i

Borrowed from English -ee, from Middle English -ee, -ē, from Anglo-Norman and Old French -ee, French -é, -ée, endings forming past participle of verbs ending in -er.

francaisi


-is

ـيس (Jawi)
-ikal (alternative)
-ik (alternative)

praktis

gramatis


-is

Learned borrowing from English -ist, from Old French -iste and Latin -ista, from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs), from -ίζω (-ízō, “-ize, -ise”, verbal suffix) + -τής (-tḗs, agent-noun suffix).

affix

anarkis

sadis


-is

Borrowed from Portuguese -ês, from Old Galician-Portuguese -es, from Latin -ēnsis.

Kantonis

Portugis


pra-

There are two theories as to whence the prefix came:
* From pera- from Sanskrit प्र- (pra-) (either via Thai ประ (bprà) or Old Javanese pra-) from Proto-Indo-Aryan *pra-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pra-, from Proto-Indo-European *pro-; later callibration of spelling in post-independent Malayan and Malaysian standard with Indonesian counterpart which directly borrowed from modern Javanese ꦥꦿ- (pra-)
* Learned borrowing from Latin prae-.
Older Sanskrit loans like perdana (from प्रधान pradhāna) and perkara (from प्रकार prakāra) are more likely to suffix with per-.

prasekolah

Before; earlier in time; beforehand; pre-.


bundle

(colloquial) clothes sold in the thrift store


stor

ms-noun

stor (Jawi spelling ستور, plural stor-stor)


titi

titi (Jawi spelling تيتي, plural titi-titi)

Indonesian: titi

From Proto-Malayic *titi (compare Indonesian titi), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taytay, from Proto-Austronesian *taytay.

bridge (construction or natural feature that spans a divide)


antigen

Ultimately from French antigène, from anti- + gène.


mufti

mufti (Jawi spelling مفتي, plural mufti-mufti)

From Arabic مُفْتٍ (muftin), the active participle of أَفْتَى (ʔaftā, “to deliver a formal opinion”).


Kanada

کانادا (Jawi)


bantal

bantal (Jawi spelling بنتل, plural bantal-bantal)

> Indonesian: bantal (inherited)

Possibly from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bantal (“bundle of cloth or clothes”).

bantal budak

child's pillow; a type of disease for woman who has just given birth

bantal suari

embroidered round pillow; square pillow with holes (as decoration);

cermin bantal

small mirror on embroidered round pillow

tutup bantal

the tip of a pillow decorated with embroidery

pillow (soft cushion used to support the head in bed)


bantal

Possibly from the clipping of ular danu berbantal.


kongsi

ms-noun

kongsi (Jawi spelling کوڠسي, plural kongsi-kongsi)

> Indonesian: kongsi (inherited)

→ English: kongsi

→ Dutch: kongsi

Borrowed from Hokkien 公司 (kong-si). See also Hokkien 公班衙 (kong-pan-gêe), English British East India Company.

perkongsian [causative passive + resultative

kongsi gelap

Sementara itu, dalam kalangan pendatang Cina yang menetap di Asia Tenggara pula, mereka telah menubuhkan kongsi, di mana kongsi Cina ditadbir oleh 5 orang yang dipimpin oleh Ketua Kongsi. Di Barat Borneo dia diberi gelaran po, contohnya Chang Mao-po dan Hung Kui-po.

2006, Dr. Mohamad Azmie Zakaria, “Bab 4, Sepakat Sempurna [Chapter 4, Perfect Alliance]”, in Sepakat Daripada Perspektif Pengurusan Organisasi [Concurrence From the Perspective of Organisational Management], Utusan Publications, →ISBN, page 57:

Meanwhile, among Chinese immigrants living in Southeast Asia, these people have set up clan associations, where each Chinese clan association is managed by 5 people led by the head of the clan association. In West Borneo the leader is given the title po, such as Chang Mao-po and Hung Kui-po.


kongsi

Back-formation from berkongsi (“to share”).

back-formation

“Banyak perkara yang telah dilakukan untuk meraih apa yang diperolehi pada hari ini, antaranya menumpukan sepenuh perhatian dan komited dalam pengajian, menjalankan kajian-kajian yang telah diarahkan bagi memenuhi kehendak kursus, banyak meluangkan masa di perpustakaan untuk mencari bahan-bahan bagi menghasilkan satu kajian yang mantap dan sering merujuk kepada pensyarah-pensyarah jika terdapat kekeliruan di sepanjang pengajian,” kongsi Dayang Siti Nurajimah.

2017 September 8, Syahmi Hassan, quoting Dayang Siti Nurajimah, “Graduan cemerlang kongsi petua, rahsia kejayaan [Successful graduate shares tips and secret for success]”, in Media Permata, archived from the original on 2017-09-10:

"Many things have been done to achieve what I have acquired today, including concentrating all of my attention and being committed in my studies, conducting research that is mandatory to fulfill course requirements, spending a lot of time at the library to look for materials to produce a solid research and often referring to lecturers whenever there is confusion throughout my studies," Dayang Siti Nurajimah shared.

Orang ramai dinasihatkan tidak menyebar atau kongsi sebarang berita tidak benar mengenai kehilangan remaja perempuan warga Ireland, Nora Anne Quoirin, di The Dusun, Pantai, dekat Seremban, sejak kelmarin.

2019 August 6, Fazrik Kamarudin, “Kehilangan Nora Anne: Jangan sebar, kongsi berita tidak benar - PDRM [Disappearance of Nora Anne: Do not spread or share news that are not true - Royal Malaysian Police]”, in Berita Harian, archived from the original on 2019-09-25:

The public is advised not to spread or share any news that is not true regarding the disappearance of the teenage girl from Ireland, Nora Anne Quoirin at The Dusun, Pantai near Seremban since the day before yesterday.

“Jadi saya perlu bersabar dan dia perlu bersabar dengan saya yang akan datang, datang dan datang kerana sudah kehabisan masa,” kongsinya.

2019 September 2, Sajida Asarulah Khan, quoting Dr. Mahathir Mohamad, “Dr. Mahathir kongsi rahsia perkahwinan [Dr. Mahathir shares wedding secrets]”, in Utusan Malaysia, archived from the original on 2019-09-21:

"So I have to be patient and she has to be patient with me who is coming, coming and coming because I am already running out of time," he shares.


armadillo

Borrowed from English armadillo, from Spanish armadillo, diminutive of armado (“armored”), in reference to its protective plates.


salir

> Indonesian: salir (inherited)

From Proto-Malayic *salir, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saliʀ (“(of water) to flow”), from the root *-liʀ.

inh

(intransitive, always with meng-) to flow (to move as a fluid)

(intransitive) to dewater (to remove water from)


boga

ms-noun

boga (Jawi spelling بوݢ, plural boga-boga)


bas

بس (Jawi)
bas-bas (plural)
bis (alternative)
bus (alternative)


adat

adat (Jawi spelling عادت, plural adat-adat)

Indonesian: adat

→ English: adat

→ Dutch: adat

→ Iban: adat

→ Ternate: adati

→ Western Cham: عادة (adat)

From Classical Malay عادة (adat), from Persian عادت ('âdat), from Arabic عَادَة (ʕāda, “habit, custom”), from the verb عَوْدَ (ʕawda, “to appurtain, to be proper”).

custom (Frequent repetition of the same act)


ya

From Arabic يَا (yā, “vocative particle”).

Ya, Tuhan!


ya

huruf ya

The 29th letter of the Arabic alphabet (ي).


ya

From Dutch ja, from Middle Dutch ja, from Old Dutch *jā, from Proto-Germanic *ja.

Ya, ini Patrick.

Dia orang kaya, ya?

Used to inquire for confirmation; right.


ovum

ovum (Jawi spelling اوۏوم, plural ovum-ovum)

Borrowed from English ovum, from Latin ōvum, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm, likely a derivative of *h₂éwis.


yah

bapa

bapanda, bapai, bapak, bapang, baba, papa


uvula

uvula (Jawi spelling اوۏولا, plural uvula-uvula)

From Late Latin ūvula (“little grape”), diminutive of Latin ūva (“grape”).

(anatomy) Uvula (appendage that hangs from the palate)


ب

باء باء#Malay

The second letter of the Malay alphabet, called باء and written in the Arabic script.


ا

The first letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Arabic script.


agar

Indonesian: agar


agar

agar (Jawi spelling اݢر, plural agar-agar)

→ Czech: agar

→ English: agar

Indonesian: agar

→ Spanish: agar

agar (a material obtained from the marine algae), agar-agar


lang

lang (Jawi spelling لڠ, plural lang-lang)

From Austroasiatic; compare Bahnar klang, Pacoh calang, Khmer ខ្លែង (khlaeng), Mang laːŋ¹, Central Nicobarese [Nancowry] kalâng and Chong kʰlaːˀŋ. Doublet of elang and helang.

eagle (Any of several large carnivorous birds in the family Accipitridae)


poster

poster (Jawi spelling ڤوستر, plural poster-poster)

Semua parti politik yang bertanding dalam Pilihan Raya Umum (PRU13) diingatkan tidak sesekali memasang atau menggantung bendera parti mereka mahupun poster kempen pilihanraya di balai-balai polis dan premis milik Polis DiRaja Malaysia (PDRM).

2013 April 16, “Jangan pasang bendera parti di premis polis [Don't put party flags on police premises]”, in Astro Awani:

All political parties contesting in the General Election (GE13) are reminded not to put up or hang their party flags or campaign posters in police stations and premises belonging to the Royal Malaysian Police (RMP).

poster (picture intended to be attached to a wall)


purdah

purdah (Jawi spelling ڤورده, plural purdah-purdah)


abus

abus (Jawi spelling ابوس, plural abus-abus)

(historical) a coin used in the past with the lowest value


Afrika

افريکا (Jawi)

Borrowed from English Africa or Dutch Afrika, from Latin Āfrica.

Africa (the continent south of Europe and between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans)


ayer

ayer (Jawi spelling اٴير, plural ayer-ayer)


tuli

Indonesian: tuli

From Proto-Malayic *tuli, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuli, from Proto-Austronesian *Culi.

menulikan [agent focus + causative benefactive]


xenofobia

xénofobia (Jawi spelling کسينوفوبيا, plural xenofobia-xenofobia)

xénofobia (canonical)
کسينوفوبيا (Jawi)
xenofobia-xenofobia (plural)


polis

polis (Jawi spelling ڤوليس, plural polis-polis)

Borrowed from English police, from Middle French police, from Latin politia (“state, government”), from Ancient Greek πολιτεία (politeía).

(Malaysia, Singapore, Riau) The police, a civil force granted the legal authority for law enforcement and maintaining public order.

(Malaysia, Singapore, Riau) A police officer.


polis

(Indonesia) Alternative spelling of polisi (“policy”), see Indonesian polis (“policy”).


ت

head

ت / ت / ت / ت

ت / ت / ت / ت

The third letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Arabic script.


asap

ms-noun

asap (Jawi spelling اسڤ, plural asap-asap)

Indonesian: asap

→ Tagalog: asap

Probably from merging of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *asəp (“incense, ritual smoke”), and *qasəb (“smoke”).

inh

smoke (visible particles and vapour given off by burning material)


strata

one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another.

a class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status.

stratum: condominium unit, condominium building, condominium title


ka

Abbreviation of kaki (“foot (unit of measurement)”).


tragedi

تراݢيدي (Jawi)

Borrowed from English tragedy, from Middle English tragedie, from the Old French tragedie, from the Latin tragoedia, from the Ancient Greek τραγῳδία (tragōidía, “epic play, tragedy”).


dah

Jikalau zaman itu dibuka Pekan-Pekan Mingguan, bukankah senang pada masa ini? Anak-anak Melayu dah tau ilmu berniaga kesemuanya.

1932 December 26, Ibni, “Melayu Tak Boleh Maju”, in Majlis, Singapore, archived from the original on 2023-11-24, page 7:

If back then Weekly Markets were opened, wouldn't it be easy by now? Malay children [would] already have all the wisdom about business.

(colloquial) Marks the perfective aspect.


bakar

From Proto-Malayic *bakar, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *bkaar, *bkaar (“to cook over fire”).


baka

sistem (kuasa) baka


baka

ms-noun

baka (Jawi spelling باک, plural baka-baka)

baka bercampur


atmosfera

atmosfera (Jawi spelling اتموسفيرا, plural atmosfera-atmosfera)

اتموسفيرا (Jawi)
atmosfera-atmosfera (plural)

Learned borrowing from New Latin atmosphaera, from Ancient Greek ἀτμός (atmós, “steam”) + σφαῖρα (sphaîra, “sphere”).


abakus

ms-noun

abakus (Jawi spelling اباکوس, plural abakus-abakus)

abacus (device for performing arithmetical calculations)


ringgit

ريڠݢيت (Jawi)
hingget (alternative Malaysia nonstandard)

Indonesian: ringgit

→ Chinese: 林吉特, 令吉

→ English: ringgit

desc

→ Balinese: ᬭᬶᬗ᭄ᬕᬶᬢ᭄ (ringgit) (semantic loan)

→ Javanese: ꦫꦶꦁꦒꦶꦠ꧀ (ringgit) (semantic loan)

From gerigi (“jagged”), from gigi (“tooth”), referring to the edges of the Spanish dollar.

(historical, Indonesia) A currency made from silver worth 2.5 rupiah that was used during the Dutch colonization of Indonesia.

Jags found on a jagged wheel (of a fire lighter wheel, etc.).


kan

Cantik kan baju ni?


mata

ms-noun

mata (Jawi spelling مات, plural mata-mata)

> Indonesian: mata (inherited)

From Proto-Malayic *mata, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *mata, from Proto-Austronesian *maCa.
Sense of mesh from semantic evolution of 'eye' > 'hole, orifice'

fountainhead, source (of income, water, etc.)

mark, score (gained in a contest, exam, etc.)


IT

teknologi maklumat
teknologi maklumat#Malay

Initialism of teknologi maklumat (“information technology”).


referendum

referendum (Jawi spelling ريفريندوم, plural referendum-referendum)

ريفريندوم (Jawi)
referendum-referendum (plural)

From English referendum, from Latin referendum (“that which ought to be announced”), from refero (“I announce”).

der

(politics) A direct popular vote on a proposed law or constitutional amendment; a referendum.


diplomat

ديڤلومت (Jawi)

From English diplomat, from French diplomate.

diplomat: a person, such as an ambassador, who is accredited to represent a government officially in its relations with other governments or international organisations.


auditorium

ms-noun

auditorium (Jawi spelling اءوديتوريوم, plural auditorium-auditorium)

اءوديتوريوم (Jawi)
auditorium-auditorium (plural)


karat

karat (Jawi spelling کارت, plural karat-karat)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *karat (“rust”).

a reddish-brown substance formed on iron by the action of air and water.

a similar substance based on another metal (usually with qualification, such as "copper rust").

karat:

karat:


karat

From English carat, from Middle French carat, from Italian carato, from Arabic قِيرَاط (qīrāṭ, “carat, similarly small units such as inches”), from Ancient Greek κεράτιον (kerátion, “hornlet, carob seed”), from κέρας (kéras, “horn”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive suffix).

der

a measurement to determine the amount of gold.

carat:
a weight measurement for diamonds.


juvenil

ms-noun

juvenil (Jawi spelling جوۏينيل, plural juvenil-juvenil)


cas

→ Indonesian: cas

(Indonesian)

(electromagnetism, chemistry) an electric charge.


tol

Borrowed from English toll, from Middle English toll, tol, tolle, from Old English toll m or n and toln f (“toll, duty, custom”), from Proto-West Germanic *toll, *tolnu, from Proto-Germanic *tullaz, *tullō (“that which is counted or told, reckoning”), from Proto-Indo-European *dol- (“calculation, fraud”).

der

A toll (fee paid for passing a bridge, highway, etc.).


natrium

From English natrium, from New Latin natrium.


mikroskop

ms-noun

mikroskop (Jawi spelling ميکروسکوڤ, plural mikroskop-mikroskop)

ميکروسکوڤ (Jawi)
mikroskop-mikroskop (plural)

From English microscope, from New Latin microscopium.


kota

kota (Jawi spelling کوتا, plural kota-kota)

> Indonesian: kota (inherited)

desc

> Peranakan Indonesian: kota (inherited)

→ Chinese: 谷達 /谷达

→ Swahili: ukuta

→ Tagalog: kuta

Borrowed from Sanskrit कोट्ट (koṭṭa) or Tamil கோட்டம் (kōṭṭam).

bor

Tamil கோட்டம் (kōṭṭam)

City:
The city as opposed to the countryside.


danau

ms-noun

danau (Jawi spelling داناو, plural danau-danau)

Indonesian: danau

From Proto-Malayic *danaw (compare Indonesian danau), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *danaw, from Proto-Austronesian *danaw (“lake”).


selatan

From Proto-Malayic *səlatan, *silatan, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salatan, *silatan.


terjemahan

terjemahan (Jawi spelling ترجمهن, plural terjemahan-terjemahan)

ترجمهن (Jawi)
terjemahan-terjemahan (plural)

Indonesian: terjemahan

Combination of terjemah (“to translate”) + -an.

Terjemahan rasmi

Terjemahan bebas


sape

pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling

(colloquial) pronunciation spelling of siapa


hasta

hasta (Jawi spelling هستا, plural hasta-hasta)

cubit, unit of measurement from elbow to fingertip


agama

agama (Jawi spelling اݢام, plural agama-agama)

اݢام (Jawi)
agama-agama (plural)
agama (alternative)
ugama (alternative)

Indonesian: agama

→ Maguindanao: agama

→ Maranao: agama

→ Tausug: agama

From Sanskrit आगम (āgama, “a traditional doctrine or precept”).

bor

religion (system of beliefs dealing with soul, deity and/or life after death)


Abraham

ابراهام (Jawi)


herba

ms-noun

herba (Jawi spelling هربا, plural herba-herba)

From English herb, from Middle English herbe, erbe, from Old French erbe (French herbe), from Latin herba.

Any green, leafy plant, or parts thereof, used to flavour or season food.

A plant whose roots, leaves or seeds, etc. are used in medicine.

(botany) A plant whose stem is not woody and does not persist beyond each growing season.


kanin

From English canine, from Latin caninus (“of the dog, dog-like”).


kanin

kanin (Jawi spelling کانين, plural kanin-kanin)


simbol

simbol (Jawi spelling سيمبول, plural simbol-simbol)


Amerika

اميريکا (Jawi)

Bahasa Inggeris bahasa kebangsaan de facto Amerika.

English is the de facto national language of America.

United States of America
United States of America#English

America, United States of America (a country in North America; in full, United States of America)

Pertubuhan Negara-Negara Amerika

America, the Americas (a supercontinent consisting of North America, Central America and South America regarded as a whole; in full, the Americas)


kau

Shortened form of engkau, from Proto-Malayic *kau, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kahu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kaSu.


badam

badam (Jawi spelling بادم, plural badam-badam)

Indonesian: badam

From Classical Malay بادم (badam), from Classical Persian بادام (bādām).


badam

almond (resembling the colour of an almond nut)


mari

From Proto-Malayic *mari, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maʀi.

(intransitive) to come (to move from further away to nearer to)


mari

→ Negeri Sembilan Malay: maghih


roda

roda (Jawi spelling رودا, plural roda-roda)

Borrowed from Portuguese roda, from Latin rota, from Proto-Indo-European.

wheel (a circular device facilitating movement or transportation)


reggae

reggae (Jawi spelling ريݢي, plural reggae-reggae)

Unadapted borrowing from English reggae.


a

The first letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


a

A, macam itulah sepatutnya kaujawab!

Used to show excitement or to show agreement.

Dia ni, a, salah seorang Perdana Menteri Britain dulu.

This guy is, er, one of Britain's Prime Ministers in the past.


Agus

Indonesian: Agus

Related to bagus (“good, nice; handsome, attractive”).

A male given name meaning “handsome, good”.


B

The second letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


Beta

A pronoun which is used by Malay royal sovereigns to refer to themselves.


C

The third letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


Chin

Translingual: chini

Datuk Chin Phui Kong, b. 1923


D

The fourth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


E

The fifth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


F

The sixth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


G

The seventh letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


H

The eighth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


Hang

E.g.Hang Tuah, Hang Li Po

(historical) A title in early Malay Muslim states bestowed upon those who have done good for the state.


I

The ninth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


J

The tenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


Jun

Borrowed from English June, from Middle English jun, june, from juyng, from Old French juing, from Latin iūnius.

June (sixth month of the Gregorian calendar)


K

The eleventh letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


L

The twelfth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


Latin

From Latin latīnus, from Latium (“the region around Rome”) + -īnus (“adjective suffix”).


M

The thirteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


Mac

Formerly used in the form مرچ (march), borrowed from English March, from Middle English March, Marche, from Anglo-Norman marche, from Old French marz, from Latin mensis Mārtius (“the Martian month”), from earlier Mavors.

der

March (third month of the Gregorian calendar)


Minggu

From Portuguese domingo, from Latin dominīcus.

days of the week: hari dalam minggu: Isnin · Selasa · Rabu · Khamis · Jumaat · Sabtu · Ahad


N

The fourteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


Natal

Indonesian: Natal

Borrowed from Portuguese Natal (via any dialects in contact with the Portuguese like Ambonese, Ternate etc) or creoles like Kristang, from Old Galician-Portuguese Natal, from Latin nātālis [diēs Dominī] (“birthday of the Lord”).

(Malacca, Indonesia, Christianity) Christmas; a festival/holiday commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ and incorporating various Christian, pre-Christian, pagan and secular customs, which is celebrated on December 25 in most places.


O

The fifteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


Oktober

اوکتوبر (Jawi)

Borrowed from English October, from Middle English, from Old English, from Latin Octōber, from octō, from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw.

October (tenth month of the Gregorian calendar)


P

The sixteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


PH

(Malaysian politics) Initialism of Pakatan Harapan (“Alliance of Hope”).


Perak

ڤيرق (Jawi)
perak (alternative)
pirak (alternative)

From perak, from pirak, from Proto-Malayic *pirak.


Perancis

From Portuguese francês (“French”). Possible cognate to Malay perang (“blond”).

France (a country located primarily in Western Europe)


Q

The seventeenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


Quran

Borrowed from Arabic الْقُرْآن (al-qurʔān).


R

The eighteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


Rum

Borrowing from Persian روم or Arabic روم (Rūm), from Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom), from Ancient Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē), from Latin Roma (“Rome”).

Rome (a major city, the capital of Italy and the Italian region of Lazio, located on the Tiber River; the ancient capital of the Roman Empire)

Rome (a metropolitan city of Lazio, Italy)

(historical) Rome, Ancient Rome (an ancient empire based out of the city of Rome, covering vast territories in Europe, Asia and Africa; in full, Roman Empire)


S

The nineteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


T

The twentieth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


U

The twenty-first letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


V

The twenty-second letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


W

The twenty-third letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


Y

The twenty-fifth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


Z

The twenty-sixth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


akan

Inherited from Classical Malay اكن (akan), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aken (“preposition, on, upon; applicative marker”). Doublet of -kan.

inh

Adam suka akan bahasa Jepun.

(literary) Used to connect intransitive verbs with nouns.

Beli buku akan daku.


akan

Indonesian: akan

Peranakan Indonesian: aken

Saya akan melawat datuk saya.

(modal, auxiliary) Will, to be going to.


palau

ms-noun

palau (Jawi spelling ڤالاو, plural palau-palau)


palau

(slang, nonstandard) to ignore or to ghost.


champagne

Borrowed from English champagne, from French champagne, from Champagne, from Late Latin campania, from campāneus, from Latin campus.

champagne (sparkling wine made in Champagne)


tanya

Indonesian: tanya

From Proto-Malayic *taɲaʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *utaña.

Apakah yang Foong tanya Cikgu Ali?


internet

internét (Jawi spelling اينترنيت, plural internet-internet)

internét (canonical)
اينترنيت (Jawi)
internet-internet (plural)


badminton

بدمينتون (Jawi)


reka

From Sanskrit रेखा (rekhā, “outline, drawing”).


Neptun

Neptune (eighth planet of the solar system)


rajah

ms-noun

rajah (Jawi spelling راجه, plural rajah-rajah)

merajahkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

writings or sketchings used as a talisman


raja

raja (Jawi spelling راج, plural raja-raja)

From Sanskrit राजन् (rājan, “king, prince”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hrā́ȷ́ā (“king”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrā́ȷ́ā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵ-ō, from *h₃rḗǵs (“ruler, king”).

A king; a male of a royal family who is the supreme ruler of his nation.

(archaic, informal) A ruler; the person, body, or force currently in power.

A tycoon; someone who possesses significant influence in a certain area or field.

(card games) A playing card with the letter 'K' and an image of a king on it.

A title found in the names of some people of royal descent.


tuan

tuan (Jawi spelling توان, plural tuan-tuan)

Indonesian: tuan

desc

→ Hokkien: 緞 /缎 (toān, “master, mister”)

→? Tagalog: tuwan (obsolete)

→ Tausug: tuwan

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatuan (“deity”). Doublet of tuhan.

Prince, Princess (title for royal family in kelantan and pattani)


raya

Indonesian: raya

→ Javanese: raya

→ Madurese: rajâ

From Proto-Malayic *raya, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀaya, from Proto-Austronesian *ʀaya.

merayakan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dirayakan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


sais

ms-noun

sais (Jawi spelling ساءيس, plural sais-sais)

Indonesian: sais

→ Vietnamese: xà ích

From Hindi साईस (sāīs), सईस (saīs, “groom”), from Arabic سَائِس (sāʔis, “stableman, groom”), from سَاس (“to tend a horse”).


Muhammad

head

Muhammad (Jawi spelling محمد, abbreviation Muhd.)

محمد (Jawi)
Muhd. (abbreviation)
Mohamed (alternative)
Mohamad (alternative)
Muhamad (alternative)
Mat (alternative clipping)
Mad (alternative clipping)
Md (alternative clipping)
Muhd (alternative abbreviation)

Baháʼí Baháʼí

(Islam) The figure who introduced Islam, and the man to whom the Qur'an was revealed; considered a prophet by Muslims and Baháʼís.


dosa

ms-noun

dosa (Jawi spelling دوسا, plural dosa-dosa)

Indonesian: dosa

→ Iban: dosa

→ Maranao: dosa

→ Tagalog: dusa (“suffering”)

→ Tausug: dusa


Ibrahim

ابراهیم (Jawi)

Borrowed from Arabic إِبْرَاهِيم (ʔibrāhīm). Doublet of Berahim.

etymon

ar>إِبْرَاهِيم>prophet


Ismail

إسماعيل (Jawi)
Ismael (alternative)
Mail (alternative)

From Arabic إِسْمَاعِيل (ʔismāʕīl), from Hebrew ישמעאל (yishma'él).

bor

Arabic إِسْمَاعِيل (ʔismāʕīl)


johan

ms-noun

johan (Jawi spelling جوهن, plural johan-johan)

Indonesian: johan

Borrowed from Classical Persian جهان (jahān, “world”), from Middle Persian [script needed] (gyhʾn' /gēhān/, “worldly creatures, world”), from plural genitive form of Proto-Iranian *gay-θā-.

der

champion, winner; someone that has won (in a championship, competition, tournament, etc.)


Ramadan

رمضان (Jawi)
Ramadhan (alternative)
Ramalan (alternative Indonesia)

Indonesian: Ramadan

Borrowed from Arabic رَمَضَان (ramaḍān).

(Islam) The ninth month on the Hijri calendar during which time Muslims fast each day from sunrise to sunset; Ramadan.


fitnah

ms-noun

fitnah (Jawi spelling فتنه, plural fitnah-fitnah)


azan

azan (Jawi spelling اذان, plural azan-azan)

اذان (Jawi)
azan-azan (plural)
adzan (alternative)


Safar

> Indonesian: Safar (inherited)

Safar (the second month of the Islamic calendar)


hikmah

hikmah (Jawi spelling حکمه, plural hikmah-hikmah)

Indonesian: hikmah


iftar

bor

Arabic إِفْطَار (ʔifṭār)

(Islam) The evening meal or dinner that marks the end of the daily fast on Ramadan.


iman

Arabic إِيمَان (ʔīmān)


kafir

ms-noun

kafir (Jawi spelling کافير, plural kafir-kafir)

From Arabic كَافِر (kāfir, “denier, unbeliever”).

bor

(Islam, offensive, religious slur) A kafir, a disbeliever, a denier: someone who denies the truths from Allah; or more broadly any non-Muslim.


kalam

Indonesian: kalam


Khadija

(Islam) the first wife of the prophet Muhammad; the mother of Fatima.


masjid

ms-noun

masjid (Jawi spelling مسجد, plural masjid-masjid)

مسجد (Jawi)
masjid-masjid (plural)
misigit (alternative)

Indonesian: masjid

Baku, Standard Singapore, Sarawak, Sabah


rasul

head

rasul (Jawi spelling رسول, also used in the form rasul Allah)

رسول (Jawi)
rasul Allah (also used-in-the-form)

Indonesian: rasul

→ Maguindanao: rasul

Borrowed from Arabic رَسُول (rasūl, “messenger”).

bor+

(Islam) A prophet or messenger in Islam.


takbir

ms-noun

takbir (Jawi spelling تکبير, plural takbir-takbir)

> Indonesian: takbir (inherited)

(Islam) takbir: A proclamation of the greatness of God, "Allahu akbar".


ummah

ummah (Jawi spelling اومة, plural ummah-ummah)

From Arabic أُمَّة (ʔumma, “community”).

community (usually the Muslim community)


PTT

pegawai tidak tauliah
pegawai tidak tauliah#Malay

(Malaysia) Initialism of pegawai tidak tauliah.


Aristotle

From Ancient Greek Ἀριστοτέλης (Aristotélēs).


aman

From Classical Malay امان (aman), from Arabic أَمَان (ʔamān, “tranquillity, peacefulness”).


tonsil

ms-noun

tonsil (Jawi spelling تونسيل, plural tonsil-tonsil)


DBP

Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka
w:ms:Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka

(Malaysia) Initialism of Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (“Institute of Language and Literature”)

Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei
w:ms:Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei

(Brunei) Initialism of Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei (“Language and Literature Bureau”)


mcm

(informal, text messaging, Internet slang) Abbreviation of macam (“like, similar to”).


isi

isi (Jawi spelling ايسي, plural isi-isi)

Indonesian: isi

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *isi, from Proto-Austronesian *isi.

perisian [causative passive + resultative

mengisikan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

diisikan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


hoi

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *huy (“exclamation to express surprise, call to a friend, respond to a distant call, etc.”). Compare Cantonese 喂 (wai²) or Min Nan 喂 (oeh).

inh

Hoi, apa kau buat tu?!

hey; interjection used to call out to people


saat

ms-noun

saat (Jawi spelling ساعت, plural saat-saat)


sami

sami (Jawi spelling سامي, plural sami-sami)

Indonesian: sami

Derived from Pali sāmī, from Sanskrit स्वामिन् (svāmin). Doublet of suami.


sami

Indonesian: sami


suku

suku (Jawi spelling سوکو, plural suku-suku)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suku (“one quarter; designation for a division of society, probably a lineage”).

inh

Sekarang satu suku.

(Indonesian)

(finance) a fourth part of the year; 3 months; a term or season.

Suku Jawa

(Negeri Sembilan) A traditional matrilineal clan under Adat Perpatih.


ara

Indonesian: ara


asu

اسو (Jawi)
asu-asu (plural)
asok (alternative)

From Proto-Malayic *asu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *asu, from Proto-Austronesian *asu.


talas

Indonesian: talas

From Proto-Malayic *taləs, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taləs.

Ada ubi ada talas, ada budi ada balas.

Good deeds will be returned with gratitude someday.

Taro and tubers, kindness will return favors.

Membungkus tulang dengan daun talas.


Jepun

جڤون (Jawi)
Jepang (alternative historical)

Japan (a country and archipelago in East Asia)


Jepun

Indonesian: Jepun

Japanese (of, from or relating to Japan)


bebek

Cebuano: bibi

Hiligaynon: bibi

Indonesian: bebek

Masbatenyo: bibe

Old Javanese: bebek

Javanese: ꦧꦺꦧꦺꦏ꧀ (bèbèk)

→ Balinese: ᬩᬾᬩᬾᬓ᭄ (bébék)

Rukai: bibi

Tagalog: bibe

Saisiyat: bibi꞉

Yami: bibi


sah

Indonesian: sah

Tanpa lesen yang sah, Pemasang Motor Motor Pahang tidak dapat beroperasi.

2019, Tan Sri Shamsuddin Abdul Kadir, Anak Seorang Drebar, Malaysian Institute of Translation & Books, →ISBN, page 294:

Without a valid licence, Pahang Motorcycle Installers could not operate.


ef

The name of the Latin-script letter F/f.


kindergarten

head

kindergarten (less used, plural kindergarten-kindergarten)

From English kindergarten, from German Kindergarten.

kindergarten (educational institution for young children, usually between ages 4 and 6)


lesen

ms-noun

lesen (Jawi spelling ليسين, plural lesen-lesen)

ليسين (Jawi)
lesen-lesen (plural)
lisensi (alternative)

Borrowed from English licence. The loss of the final consonant -ce /s/ is either due to constraint against final consonant clusters, or being analysed as a plural ending (Malay lacked regular plurals).


anjing

anjing (Jawi spelling انجيڠ, plural anjing-anjing)

Anjing saya suka tidur dan makan.


francais

فرنچاءيس (Jawi)

From English franchise, from Middle English franchise, fraunchise, from Old French franchise (“freedom”), a derivative of franc (“free”).

A franchise:
Right granted by a government.

Acknowledgement of a corporation's existence.

Authorization granted for distribution of goods or services.

A business operating under such authorization; a franchisee.

A franchise:
Exemption from jurisdiction.

A franchise:
Right to vote at an election.

(sports) Collection of organizations in a sport team's history.

(business, marketing) Positive influence on the buying behaviour of customers.

Loose collection of fictional works pertaining to a particular universe.


gamelan

Borrowed from Javanese ꦒꦩꦼꦭꦤ꧀ (gamelan), from Old Javanese gamĕlan. Ambiguity in the Latin orthography and the phonotactic restriction on having /ə/ in closed root-final syllable (usually adapted to /a/ in earlier borrowings from Javanese) triggered the spelling pronunciation with /e/. Compare Banjarese gamalan.


lari

From Proto-Malayic *lari, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *lari, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *lari, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laʀiw, from Proto-Austronesian *laʀiw.

to leave (a place, a job, etc) without permission


lari

lari (Jawi spelling لاري, plural lari-lari)


kiu

The name of the Latin-script letter Q/q.


PN

Perikatan Nasional
w:ms:Perikatan Nasional

(Malaysian politics) Initialism of Perikatan Nasional (“National Alliance”).


haus

> Baba Malay: ha'us (inherited)

> Indonesian: haus (inherited)

menghauskan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dihauskan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

Aku berasa haus.

"Aku haus untuk kesayangan kau", kata Daniel dalam keadaan mabuknya.

"I desire (lit. am having a desire) for your love", says Daniel in his drunken state.

(figurative) having a desire or longing for something


haus

Indonesian: haus

tayar haus

worn (of something becoming smaller or thinner due to constant use and friction)


lengkap

> Indonesian: lengkap (inherited)


lahu

lahu (Jawi spelling لاهو, plural lahu-lahu)


rega

rega (Jawi spelling رݢ, plural rega-rega)

Borrowed from Sanskrit अर्घ (argha). Doublet of harga.


helikopter

Borrowed from English helicopter, from French hélicoptère, from Ancient Greek ἕλιξ (hélix, “spiral”) + πτερόν (pterón, “wing”).


bara

bara (Jawi spelling بارا, plural bara-bara)

Indonesian: bara

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀah, from Proto-Austronesian *baʀah.

perbaraan [causative passive + resultative

membarai [agent focus + causative benefactive]


rege

régé (Jawi spelling ريݢي, plural rege-rege)

régé (canonical)
ريݢي (Jawi)
rege-rege (plural)
reggae (alternative)

(music, dance) A type of music or dance that originated from the West Indies; reggae.


dansa

dansa (Jawi spelling دنسا, plural dansa-dansa)

Indonesian: dansa

Borrowed from Portuguese dança (“dance”) or Spanish danza (“dance”).

A dance (especially one of Western origin).


dapur

dapur (Jawi spelling داڤور, plural dapur-dapur)

> Indonesian: dapur (inherited)

→ Javanese: ꦝꦥꦸꦂ (dhapur)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dapuR. Cognate with Tagalog dapog, Samoan magalafu (“fireplace, furnace”).


peti

pĕti (Jawi spelling ڤتي, plural peti-peti)

pĕti (canonical)
ڤتي (Jawi)
peti-peti (plural)

Baba Malay: peti

Indonesian: peti

→ Urak Lawoi': เปอตี (peti)

From Tamil பெட்டி (peṭṭi, “chest, trunk, box, case”) or Hindi पेटी (peṭī, “box, chest”).


sendi

ms-noun

sendi (Jawi spelling سندي, plural sendi-sendi)


kalendar

kalendar (Jawi spelling کاليندر, plural kalendar-kalendar)

کاليندر (Jawi)
kalendar-kalendar (plural)
kalèndêr (alternative)

calendar (system by which time is divided)


desa

desa (Jawi spelling ديسا, plural desa-desa)

Indonesian: desa

→ Min Nan: 禮些 /礼些 (lése)


slanga

slanga (Jawi spelling سلاڠا, plural slanga-slanga)

سلاڠا (Jawi)
slanga-slanga (plural)
slang (alternative)
selang (alternative)
slank (alternative)

Jangan gunakan slanga dalam karangan kamu!

Words or expressions that are considered nonstandard; slang.


ramen

Borrowed from Japanese ラーメン (rāmen), from Mandarin 拉麵 /拉面 (lāmiàn, “pulled noodles”).


tir

Indonesian: tir

(sports) The rook or castle piece in chess.


pagi

ms-noun

pagi (Jawi spelling ڤاݢي, plural pagi-pagi)

Baba Malay: pagi

Indonesian: pagi

* According to Adelaar (1992), from Proto-Malayic *pagi.
* According to Hoogervorst (2016), who proposed a loan from Ardhamagadhi Prakrit page, from Sanskrit प्रगे (prage, “crack of dawn”). For similar vocalism, confer Eastern Cham pagé.


hela

Indonesian: hela

→ Ternate: hela

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hilah (“drag, pull”). Cognate with Tagalog hila.

inh

menghelakan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dihelakan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


ain

From Arabic عَيْن (ʕayn), from Proto-Semitic *ʿayn-, from Proto-Afroasiatic *ʿayVn-.


parti

ms-noun

parti (Jawi spelling ڤرتي, plural parti-parti)

Borrowed from English party, from Middle English party, partye, partie, from Anglo-Norman partie, from Medieval Latin partīta (“a part, party”), from Latin partīta, feminine of partītus, past participle of partiō (“to divide”).

der

Parti itu akan bermula pada pukul 8.

The party is going to start at 8 o'clock.

Parti Komunis Malaya


sampan

ms-noun

sampan (Jawi spelling سمڤن, plural sampan-sampan)

From Classical Malay سمڤن (sampan), from Hokkien 舢板 (sam-pán).

Sampan itu terbalik disebabkan ombak-ombak yang kuat.

The boat capsized because of the strong waves.


قمر

قمر (plural قمر-قمر or قمر٢)


fon

Borrowed from English phone, clipping of telephone.

Fon ini siapa punya?


fon

From English font, from Middle French fonte, feminine past participle of verb fondre (“to melt”).

fon serif


fon

Borrowed from English phone, from Ancient Greek φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound”).


Madagaskar

ماداݢاسکر (Jawi)

Madagascar (an island and country off the east coast of Africa)


lagu

lagu (Jawi spelling لاݢو, plural lagu-lagu)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lagu (“way, manner; melody”)

inh+

Lagu yang berkumandang di radio itu, menenangkan diri saya.

The song that is played in the radio, calms me down.


aurum

اٴوروم (Jawi)

Borrowed from English aurum, from Latin aurum.


cara

ms-noun

cara (Jawi spelling چارا, plural cara-cara)

> Indonesian: cara (inherited)

desc

> Peranakan Indonesian: tjara (inherited)

From Sanskrit आचार (ācāra, “behaviour, good conduct; usage; custom; rule”), from Sanskrit चर् (car, “to move, to practice”).
Alternatively, from Persian چاره (čâra, “remedy; help; business; scheme; means, manner, mode”).


puri

ms-noun

puri (Jawi spelling ڤوري, plural puri-puri)

Indonesian: puri

From Sanskrit पुरी (purī). Doublet of pura.

residential section of a palace
(bahasa istana) room


puri

From English puree, from French purée, from Old French puree; feminine past participle of verb purer (“to make pure”), from Late Latin purare (same sense) from Classical Latin purus (“pure”).

puree: a food that has been ground or crushed into a thick liquid.


maya

From Pali maya, from Sanskrit माया (māyā).


gen

Borrowed from Dutch gen (“gene”), from German Gen (which was coined by Danish biologist Wilhelm Ludvig Johannsen in a German-language publication), from Ancient Greek γενεά (geneá, “generation, descent”), from the aorist infinitive of γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “I come into being”).

der

(genetics) a theoretical unit of heredity of living organisms; a gene may take several values and in principle predetermines a precise trait of an organism's form (phenotype), such as hair colour.

(molecular biology) locus: a segment of DNA or RNA from a cell's or an organism's genome, that may take several forms and thus parameterizes a phenomenon, in general the structure of a protein.


BI

(education) short for Bahasa Inggeris (“English”).


Borneo

بورنيو (Jawi)


nona

ms-noun

nona (Jawi spelling نونا, plural nona-nona)

نونا (Jawi)
nona-nona (plural)
nonah (alternative)
nyonya (alternative)

Ambonese Malay: nona

Indonesian: nona

From Portuguese dona (“lady”) likely via Javanese. Doublet of nonya and nyonya.


nona

Indonesian: nona

Annona squamosa
Annona squamosa#Translingual

custard apple or sugar apple (Annona squamosa)

glue berry or bird lime tree (Cordia dichotoma)


taksi

taksi (Jawi spelling تيکسي, plural taksi-taksi)

تيکسي (Jawi)
taksi-taksi (plural)
teksi (alternative)


باب

باب (plural باب-باب or باب٢)


isim

isim (Jawi spelling اسم, plural isim-isim)

name (word or phrase indicating a particular person, place, class or thing)


aki

> Indonesian: aki (inherited)


asa

hope (belief that something wished for can happen)


asa

Indonesian: asa


bala

bala (Jawi spelling بالا, plural bala-bala)

Indonesian: bala


bala

bala (Jawi spelling بالا or بلاء, plural bala-bala)

بالا (Jawi)
بلاء (Jawi)
bala-bala (plural)

Indonesian: bala

From Arabic بَلَاء (balāʔ, “misfortune”).


isu

Borrowed from English issue, from Middle English issue, from Old French issue (“an exit, a way out”), feminine past participle of issir (“to exit”), from Latin exeō (“go out, exit”), from prefix ex- (“out”) + eō (“go”).

issue (question or situation to be resolved)


masa

masa (Jawi spelling ماس, plural masa-masa)

Probably from Sanskrit मास (māsa, “month”).

Time of day, as indicated by a clock, etc.

Measurement under some system of the time of day or moment in time.

Numerical indication of a particular moment in time.


masa

head

masa (Jawi spelling ماس, formal form semasa)

Masa aku tulis karangan tu, aku tak ingat pun kena lebih daripada 250 patah perkataan.

When I was writing the essay, I didn't know that it had to be longer than 250 words.


bidan

ms-noun

bidan (Jawi spelling بيدن, plural bidan-bidan)

From Prakrit *𑀯𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀡 (*viddāṇa), from Sanskrit विद्वान् (vidvān, “wise man”). Doublet of biduan.

Midwife (person who assists women in childbirth)


bomba

→ Central Dusun: bumba

→ Tausug: bumba


palma

palma (Jawi spelling ڤلما, plural palma-palma)

ڤلما (Jawi)
palma-palma (plural)
ڤلما (alternative)

Borrowed from English palm, from Latin palma.

palm tree (any tree of the family Arecaceae)


haba

(energy form) latent heat, heat conduction


ari

Borrowed from Javanese ari, from Old Javanese aḍi, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *huaji, from Proto-Austronesian *Suaji.


mas

امس (Jawi)
emas (alternative)
امس (alternative)
مس (alternative)

Shortened from emas, from Sanskrit माष (māṣa, “particular weight of gold”).


pipit

ms-noun

pipit (Jawi spelling ڤيڤيت, plural pipit-pipit)

> Indonesian: pipit (inherited)

→ English: pipit

→ French: pipit

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *pipit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pitpit (“kind of small bird and its cry”).
The second sense originated from a comment made by the Crown Prince of Johor, Tunku Ismail Idris: "Kau jangan lupa helang dan pipit terbang tak sama tinggi" (You better not forget that the eagle and the pipit cannot fly on the same height).

inh

(Malaysia, slang, politics) commoner, pleb


usus

ms-noun

usus (Jawi spelling اوسوس, plural usus-usus)

Indonesian: usus

→ Ternate: usus


carian

carian (Jawi spelling چارين, plural carian-carian)


GBS

Gabungan Bersatu Sabah
w:ms:Gabungan Bersatu Sabah

(Malaysian politics) Initialism of Gabungan Bersatu Sabah (“United Alliance of Sabah”).


teta

teta (Jawi spelling تيتا, plural teta-teta)

Borrowed from English theta, from Ancient Greek θῆτα (thêta).

Huruf teta


tante

tante (Jawi spelling تنتى, plural tante-tante)

Indonesian: tante

(Netherlands) aunt (a parent’s sister or sister-in-law)


samur

samur (Jawi spelling سمور, plural samur-samur)


seng

سيڠ (Jawi)
zink (alternative)
زيڠک (alternative)
سيڠ (alternative)

From Indonesian seng, from Dutch zink, from German Zink, from Zinken.


doktor

doktor (Jawi spelling دوکتور, plural doktor-doktor)

Borrowed from English doctor, from Middle English doctor, doctour (“an expert, authority on a subject”), from Anglo-Norman doctour, from Latin doctor (“teacher”), from doceō (“I teach”).

(Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore) doctor; physician

doctor (person who has attained a doctorate, such as a Ph.D. or Th.D. or one of many other terminal degrees conferred by a college or university)


lamina

lamina (Jawi spelling لامينا, plural lamina-lamina)


eka-

From Sanskrit एक (eka), from Proto-Indo-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-European *óykos, Proto-Indo-European *óynos, Proto-Indo-European *óywos.


baja

Indonesian: baja

From Sanskrit वाज (vāja, “sacrificial food or prayer”).


x

The twenty-fourth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


x

(informal, text messaging, Internet slang) Abbreviation of tak (“not”).


esa

From Proto-Malayic *əsa(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *isa (*əsa), from Proto-Austronesian *isa (*əsa).


rama

ms-noun

rama (Jawi spelling راما, plural rama-rama)

From Old Javanese rāma (“father”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *da-amax (“father”), from Proto-Austronesian *ama-h (“father”).


يوم

يوم (plural يوم-يوم or يوم٢)

day (period from midnight to the following midnight)

day (part of a day period which one spends at one’s job, school, etc.)


demokrasi

ديموکراسي (Jawi)

From Dutch democratie or English democracy, from Middle French democratie, from Medieval Latin democratia, from Ancient Greek δημοκρατία (dēmokratía).

representative democracy
representative democracy

(uncountable) Rule by the people, especially as a form of government; either directly or through elected representatives (representative democracy).

(countable, government) A government under the direct or representative rule of the people of its jurisdiction.

A social state where no class-based inequality exists.


harmonika

harmonika (Jawi spelling هرمونيکا, plural harmonika-harmonika)

هرمونيکا (Jawi)
harmonika-harmonika (plural)

(music) harmonica: a musical wind instrument with a series of holes for the player to blow into, each hole producing a different note.


بالغ

بالغ (plural بالغ-بالغ or بالغ٢)


tua

From tuha, from Proto-Malayic *tuha, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *tuha, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *tuha, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)tuqah, from Proto-Austronesian *(ma-)tuqaS.

old (of a living being: having lived for relatively many years)

ripe (ready for reaping or gathering, of fruits and seeds)


paun

Borrowed from English pound, from Middle English pound, from Old English pund (“a pound, weight”), from Proto-Germanic *pundą (“pound, weight”), an early borrowing from Latin pondō (“by weight”), ablative form of pondus (“weight”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pend- (“to pull, stretch”).

der

The pound sterling; the currency of the United Kingdom.

The currency of some countries (Sudan, Syria, and Egypt).

A unit of mass equal to 16 ounces or 0.4536 kilograms.

Jewellery (bracelets, lockets, etc.) made out of gold that are shaped like coins.


paun

ms-noun

paun (Jawi spelling ڤاءون, plural paun-paun)

Borrowed from English pound, from Middle English pounde, ponde, pund, from Old English pund (“an enclosure”).

A pound; a place for confining animals (buffaloes, cows, etc.) that roam around a lot.


masin

ماسين (Jawi)
asin (alternative)
اسين (alternative)

From Proto-Malayic *(mA-)hasin, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)qasin, from Proto-Austronesian *(ma-)qasiN.


halwa

halwa (Jawi spelling هلوا or حلوا or حلوى, plural halwa-halwa)

هلوا (Jawi)
حلوا (Jawi)
حلوى (Jawi)
halwa-halwa (plural)

Malaccan Creole Malay: alua

Indonesian: halwa


terjemah

Borrowed from Arabic تَرْجَمَة (tarjama, “to interpret, translate”).

bor

Kerja saya ialah menterjemahkan buku bahasa Jepun.


dara

Indonesian: dara

From Proto-Malayic *dara, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀa (“maiden, virgin, unmarried girl”). Compare Tagalog dalaga.

inh

perdaraan [causative passive + resultative


dara

Indonesian: dara

Columba domestica
Columba domestica#Translingual


pari

ms-noun

pari (Jawi spelling ڤاري, plural pari-pari)

Indonesian: pari

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *pari(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paʀih, from Proto-Austronesian *paʀiS.

ray (marine fish with a flat body, large wing-like fins, and a whip-like tail)


dana

dana (Jawi spelling دانا, plural dana-dana)

> Indonesian: dana (inherited)


riba

riba (Jawi spelling ريبا, plural riba-riba)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *riba (“lap”). Cognate with Buginese riwa and Selaru riha.


riba

Indonesian: riba


ji

The name of the Latin-script letter G/g.


dak

Cognate with tidak, tak, from Proto-Malayic *daʔ (compare Indonesian tidak), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *diaq.

Saya dak mahu makan.

(informal) not (negates meaning of verb)

Buku itu dak mahal.


jong

jong (Jawi spelling جوڠ, plural jong-jong)

> Indonesian: jung (inherited)

→ Arabic: جُنْك (junk)

→ Dutch: jonk, djonk

→ Portuguese: junco, junquo, jungo

→ English: junk

desc

→ Italian: giunco, giunca, giunchi (plural), giunche (plural), zonchi (plural)

→ French: jonque

→ German: Junke, Juncke, Dschunke

→ Latin: junkus, iunca, iuncus

→ Dutch: ionco, iunco

→ Italian: ioncque

→ French: ionct

→ Spanish: iuncque

→ Spanish: junco, juanga, joanga

Possibly from either:
* Javanese ꦗꦺꦴꦁ (jong), possibly ultimately from Proto-Mon-Khmer *d₂luuŋ ~ *d₂luŋ ~ *d₂luəŋ ~ *d₂ləŋ (“boat”).
* Hokkien 船 (chûn) or Teochew 船 (zung⁵), from Proto-Min *-džionᴬ (“ship, boat”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-lawŋ (“boat”). Compare Old Chinese 船 (OC *ɦljon).

der

Jong (a Javanese-Malay cargo and passenger ship)


teja

ms-noun

téja (Jawi spelling تيجا, plural teja-teja)

téja (canonical)
تيجا (Jawi)
teja-teja (plural)

From Pali teja, from Sanskrit तेजस् (tejas, “light”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *táyȷ́as, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)téyg-os (“sharpness”).

foreglow or afterglow, reddish or yellowish ray observed during sunset or sunrise


zonder

From Dutch zonder, from Middle Dutch sonder, from Old Dutch sunder, from Proto-Germanic *sundraz.

(Netherlands, Indonesia) Alternative form of sonder


per-

head

per- (Jawi spelling ڤر-, formal active memper-, 3rd person passive diper-)

ڤر- (Jawi)
memper- (active formal)
diper- (passive third-person)

Indonesian: per-

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paʀ. Cognate with Tagalog pag-.
* comparable to Proto-Austroasiatic *p-, *pC- (“causative prefix”).

ncog

per- + alat (“tool”) → peralat (“to use as a tool”)

(with nouns) Gives a meaning of using something or someone as the base word.

per- + suami (“husband”) → persuami (“to take someone as one's husband”)

Combines with suami or isteri to give a meaning of making someone become the base word.

per- + besar (“big”) → perbesar (“to make something bigger”)

(with adjectives) Gives a meaning of making something become more of the base word.

per- + oleh (“big”) → peroleh (“to acquire”)

Combines with the function word oleh to take a meaning of "to get" or "to acquire".

per- + buru (berburu) (“to hunt”) → perburu (“hunter”)

Forms the agent noun of some verbs that that take the ber- prefix.


per-

head

per- (Jawi spelling ڤر-, alternative form per)

Indonesian: per-

From Proto-Austronesian *paR- (“divide into x (x = numeral)”).

inh

per- + tiga (“three”) → pertiga (“divided by three”)

satu pertiga


kuil

ms-noun

kuil (Jawi spelling کوءيل, plural kuil-kuil)

From Tamil கோயில் (kōyil). See also English kovil.


sigaret

sigaret (Jawi spelling سيݢاريت, plural sigaret-sigaret)

From English cigarette, from French cigarette, from cigare, from Spanish cigarro + diminutive suffix -ette.


STR

STR Fasa 2

STR Phase 2, second round of payments for low-income Malaysians

Sumbangan Tunai Rahmah
w:ms:Sumbangan Tunai Rahmah

(Malaysia) Initialism of Sumbangan Tunai Rahmah (“Rahmah Cash Donation”)


moto

moto (Jawi spelling موتو, plural moto-moto)

Borrowed from English motto, from Italian motto (“a word, a saying”), from Latin muttum (“a mutter, a grunt”), late 16th c..


moto

Borrowed from English motor, from Middle English motour (“controller, prime mover; God”), from Latin mōtor (“mover; that which moves something”), from mōtō (“I set in motion”).


jalan

ms-noun

jalan (Jawi spelling جالن, plural jalan-jalan)

From Proto-Malayic *jalan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zalan, from Proto-Austronesian *zalan.
First attested in the Kedukan Bukit inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (jālan).


jalan

head

jalan (intransitive, used in the form berjalan)

> Indonesian: jalan (inherited)

zh-l

惹蘭／惹兰 (Rělán)

→ Chinese: 惹蘭／惹兰 (Rělán)

perjalanan [causative passive + resultative

to drive, to operate; to start, to put into operation; to carry out, to perform; meN- + -kan

menjalankan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

to walk on; to undergo, to endure; to go through a period of your life; meN- + -i

menjalani [agent focus + causative benefactive]


ganja

Indonesian: ganja (“marijuana”)


sambal

ms-noun

sambal (Jawi spelling سمبل, plural sambal-sambal)

Indonesian: sambal

→ Afrikaans: sambal

→ Dutch: sambal

→ English: sambal

→ French: sambal

→ German: Sambal

→ Japanese: サンバル (sanbaru)

→ Korean: 삼발 (sambal)

→ Polish: sambal

→ Slovene: sambal

→ Spanish: sambal

→ Swedish: sambal

→ Tamil: சம்பல் (campal)

→ Thai: ซัมบัล (sambal)

From Javanese ꦱꦩ꧀ꦧꦼꦭ꧀ (sambel), probably from Tamil சம்பால் (campāl), and Sanskrit सम्बार (sambāra, “spices”).


ganas

Indonesian: ganas


latah

→ English: latah

Indonesian: latah

(pathology) latah (A condition found in Malaysia and nearby areas characterised by extreme suggestibility)


abid

head

abid (Jawi spelling عابد or عبيد, plural abidin or abid-abid)

عابد (Jawi)
عبيد (Jawi)
abidin (plural)
abid-abid (plural)

Indonesian: abid

From Arabic عَبِيد (ʕabīd), plural of عَبْد (ʕabd). Doublet of abdi.

(Islam) Someone who performs acts of worship a lot.


garing

Ayam goreng ini garing.


toko

ms-noun

toko (Jawi spelling توکو, plural toko-toko)

desctree

> Indonesian: toko (inherited)
→ Tetum: toko

→ Dutch: toko
→ English: toko

→ Ternate: toko

From Hokkien 土庫 /土库 (thó͘-khò͘, “private storehouse”).

bor

Dalam sidang media di Balai Laila Muafakat, DBP, petang tadi, Pemangku Pengarah DBP, Hajah Sariani binti Haji Ishak selaku Pengerusi PBB dan KMBM menjelaskan, sebanyak 78 petak disediakan semasa pesta dan karnival berkenaan yang akan disertai oleh DBP, penerbit-penerbit buku kerajaan dan swasta serta toko buku dari dalam dan luar negara.

2018 February 22, Pg Fairol RMF, “Pesta Buku Brunei 27 Feb ini [Brunei Book Festival on 27th Feb]”, in Media Permata, archived from the original on 2018-10-29:

In a press conference at Balai Laila Muafakat, DBP (Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka), in the afternoon, DBP Acting Director, Hajah Sariani binti Haji Ishak, who is the chairperson of PBB (Pesta Buku Brunei) and KMBM (Karnival Memperkasa Budaya Membaca), explained that as many as 78 lots were available during the book festival and carnival which will be participated by DBP, government and private book publishers, as well as book retailers from within and outside the country.

(uncommon outside Indonesia) retailer; shop selling retail merchandise


Kopenhagen

Copenhagen (the capital city of Denmark)


بيت

ms-noun

بيت (plural بيت-بيت or بيت٢)


merak

merak (Jawi spelling مرق, plural merak-merak)

Borrowed from an Austroasiatic language. Compare Mon မြာ် (pəràik, “peacock”), from Old Mon mrek (“peacock”), ultimately from Proto-Mon-Khmer *mraik (“peacock”). Compare also Old Javanese mrak.


sultan

sultan (Jawi spelling سلطان, plural sultan-sultan)

Indonesian: sultan

→ Min Nan: 史丹 (sú-tan)

→ Tagalog: sultan

From Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān), from Aramaic שולטנא (šulṭānā, “strength, authority, ruler, prince”).


balai polis

ms-noun

balai polis (Jawi spelling بالاي ڤوليس, plural balai-balai polis)

بالاي ڤوليس (Jawi)
balai-balai polis (plural)

balai (“house, station, department”) + polis (“police”).

compound

(Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore) police station (building of police force)


سلطان

ms-noun

سلطان (plural سلطان-سلطان or سلطان٢)


terjemahan mesin

ترجمهن ميسين

terjemahan mesin (Jawi spelling ترجمهن ميسين)

ترجمهن ميسين (Jawi)


besar

guru besar

being of the highest ranking in an occupational position; top, head


besar

besar (Jawi spelling بسر, plural besar-besar)

Buginese: wessa

Iban: besai

Indonesian: besar

Old Javanese: besar

Mandar: bassar

Maranao: besar

Ngaju: basar

Besar rumah ni hampir 900 kaki persegi.

The area of this house is close to 900 square feet.


laut

Indonesian: laut

From Proto-Malayic *laut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lahud, from Proto-Austronesian *lahud. Displaced earlier *tasik (“sea”) (now tasik (“lake”)). Cognates with Minangkabau lauik (“sea”), Javanese ꦭꦺꦴꦂ (lor, “north”), Balinese ᬮᭀᬢ᭄ (lot, “sea”), Ilocano laud (“west”). Doublet of lor.


kos

From Dutch kost, from Middle Dutch cost, from Old French cost, from Latin constare, present infinitive of consto (“I stand firm (at a price)”).


naif

Borrowed from English naive, from French naïve, feminine form of naïf, from Latin nātīvus (“native, natural”). Doublet of natif.


jaga

Baba Malay: jaga

Indonesian: jaga

→ Tagalog: alaga (“to take care”)

→ Malagasy: zaha (“to investigate”)

→ Min Nan: 若呀 (jia̍k-gâ)

→ Pattani Malay: جاݢاوْ / ยฺากฺอ (jagɔ)

→ Tausug: jaga

→ Ternate: jaga

From Pali jagga, from Sanskrit जागर्ति (jāgarti), जागृ (jāgṛ).


dolar

Borrowed from English dollar, from early Dutch daler, daalder, from German Taler, Thaler (“dollar”), from Sankt Joachimsthaler, literally “of Joachimstal”, the name for coins minted in German Sankt Joachimsthal (“St. Joachim's Valley”) (now Jáchymov, Czech Republic). Ultimately from Joachim + Tal (“valley”).

cog

The currency of the United States, Australia and other countries.

Dollar (unit of currency):
The Bruneian or Singaporean dollar.