cat

> Indonesian: cat (inherited)

→ Tausug: sāt


gratis

ݢراتيس (Jawi)

From Dutch gratis, from Latin grātīs, contraction of grātiīs.


A

The first letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


April

Borrowed from English April, from Middle English apprile, from aueril, from Old French avrill, from Latin Aprīlis.

April (fourth month of the Gregorian calendar)


September

سيڤتيمبر (Jawi)

Borrowed from English September, from late Old English, Latin September, from septem, from Proto-Indo-European *septḿ̥.

September (ninth month of the Gregorian calendar)


November

نوۏيمبر (Jawi)

Borrowed from English November, from Middle English, from Old French novembre, from Latin November, from novem, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥.

November (eleventh month of the Gregorian calendar)


f

The sixth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


abalone

ms-noun

abalone (Jawi spelling ابالوني, plural abalone-abalone)

From English abalone, from American Spanish abulón, from an indigenous language of the Monterey Bay area such as Rumsen (Southern Ohlone aūlun (“red abalone”).


abdomen

abdomen (Jawi spelling ابدومن, plural abdomen-abdomen)

ابدومن (Jawi)
abdomen-abdomen (plural)
abdoman (alternative)

Borrowed from English abdomen, from Middle French abdomen, from Latin abdomen, possibly from abdō (“conceal”), from ab (“away”) + -dō (“put, place”).

abdomen (the belly, or any of the similar part, not including the back)

(entomology) abdomen (the posterior section of an arthropod's body).


abet

abet (Jawi spelling ابت, plural abet-abet)

Borrowed from Betawi abet, from Balinese ᬳᬩᭂᬢ᭄ (abet, “behavior, manner”).

der

(Batavian Malay) The way someone behaves; behaviour.


abiogenesis

ms-noun

abiogenesis (Jawi spelling ابيوݢينسيس, plural abiogenesis-abiogenesis)

ابيوݢينسيس (Jawi)
abiogenesis-abiogenesis (plural)

From English abiogenesis, from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “not-”, the alpha privative) + βῐ́ος (bĭ́os, “life”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”)) + γένεσις (génesis, “origin, source; manner of birth; creation”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis (“birth; production”)); equivalent to a- + biogenesis.

der

(biology, evolutionary theory) The origination of living organisms from lifeless matter; such genesis as does not involve the action of living parents; abiogenesis.


abnormal

ابنورمل (Jawi)

From English abnormal, from Latin abnormis (“departing from normal”), from either (ab- (“away from”) + norma (“rule, norm”)), or Ancient Greek ἀνώμαλος (anṓmalos).

Deviating from the usual or normal type; abnormal.


abomasum

ms-noun

abomasum (Jawi spelling ابوماسوم, plural abomasum-abomasum)

ابوماسوم (Jawi)
abomasum-abomasum (plural)

Borrowed from New Latin abomāsum, from Latin ab- (“away from”) + omāsum (“tripe of a bullock”).

abomasum (fourth or digestive stomach of a ruminant)


y

The twenty-fifth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


van

Borrowed from English van, short for caravan.


can

(Malaysia, colloquial) chance (of opportunity)


o

The fifteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


PM

Initialism of perdana menteri (“prime minister”).


i

The ninth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


pseudo-

Internationalism (see English pseudo-), ultimately from Ancient Greek ψευδής (pseudḗs).


mandat

mandat (Jawi spelling مندت, plural mandat-mandat)


BM

kelas BM

buku BM

Initialism of bahasa Melayu and bahasa Malaysia.


Belgium

ms-proper noun

Bélgium (Jawi spelling بيلجيوم or بيلݢيوم)

Bélgium (canonical)
بيلجيوم (Jawi)
بيلݢيوم (Jawi)

Unadapted borrowing from English Belgium.

ubor

Belgium (a country in Western Europe that has borders with the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg and France)


Malaysia

مليسيا (Jawi)

→ Japanese: マライシア (Maraishia) (obsolete)

From English Malaysia, via Malays + -ia, the root being from Melayu.

orang Malaysia


bank

ms-noun

bank (Jawi spelling بڠک, plural bank-bank)

Unadapted borrowing from English bank, spelled earlier as beng and بيڠک. Doublet of bangku.

An institution that offers various financial services.

bank darah

A stock or reserve of something for use when it is needed.


AA

Initialism of Asia-Afrika (“Asian-African”).


ci

river (large stream which drains a landmass)


Albania

From English Albania, from Byzantine Greek Ἀλβανία (Albanía).

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English


Armenia

From English Armenia, from Ancient Greek Ἀρμενία (Armenía), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎼𐎷𐎡𐎴 (a-r-mi-i-n /Armina/).

Armenia (a country in the South Caucasus region of Asia, sometimes considered to belong politically to Europe)


Armenia

Armenian (of, from, or pertaining to Armenia, Armenians, the language or alphabet)


Azerbaijan

Borrowed from English Azerbaijan, from Ottoman Turkish آذربایجان (Azerbaycan), from Classical Persian آذَرْبَایجَان (āzarbāyjān).

der

آذَرْبَایجَان

Azerbaijan (a country in the South Caucasus in Asia and Europe)


Azerbaijan

آذَرْبَایجَان

bahasa Azerbaijan

orang Azerbaijan


China

From Middle Persian [script needed] (ṣīn, “Chinese; porcelain”), probably from Sanskrit चीन (cīna). Attested in 1701 in Thomas Bowery's English-Malay and Malay-English bilingual dictionary.
The spelling is a carryover from the Za'aba Spelling used before 1972, to distinguish it from Cina (“Chinese people”).


Cyprus

Cyprus (an island and country in the Mediterranean Sea, normally considered politically part of Southeast Europe but geographically part of Western Asia).


Hungary

هوڠݢري (Jawi)

Unadapted borrowing from English Hungary.


Indonesia

ايندونيسيا (Jawi)

Indonesia (a country and archipelago in maritime Southeast Asia)


gas

Borrowed from English gas, from Dutch gas, coined by chemist Jan Baptist van Helmont in Ortus Medicinae. Derived from Ancient Greek χάος (kháos, “chasm, void, empty space”); perhaps also inspired by geest (“breath, vapour, spirit”).

der

(physics) One of the four states of matter.

(uncountable, physical chemistry) Matter in an intermediate state between liquid and plasma that can be contained only if it is fully surrounded by a solid (or in a bubble of liquid, or held together by gravitational pull); it can condense into a liquid, or can (rarely) become a solid directly by deposition.

The gas that is released by coal factories.

The vapour that is released by petrol or gasoline.


Maldives

مالديۏ (Jawi)

Unadapted borrowing from English Maldives.

ubor

Maldives (an archipelago and country in South Asia, located in the Indian Ocean off the coast of India)


mi

From Hokkien 麵 /面 (mī, “noodle, flour”).


Portugal

ڤورتوݢل (Jawi)

Borrowed from Portuguese Portugal, from Latin Portus Cale, former name of what is now the city of Vila Nova de Gaia.

Portugal (a country in Southern Europe, on the Iberian Peninsula)


Syria

(Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei) Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


absurd

ابسورد (Jawi)


Australia

Borrowed from English Australia, from Latin terra austrālis incōgnita (“unknown southern land”), from auster (“the south wind”).

uder

Australia (a country consisting of a main island, the island of Tasmania and other smaller islands, located in Oceania; historically, a collection of former colonies of the British Empire)

(geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the land on the Australian tectonic plate, i.e. Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)


Brunei

Probably ultimately from Sanskrit वरुण (váruṇa), which also referred to the island of Borneo.


Sri Lanka

From Sanskrit श्री लङ्का (śrī laṅkā, literally “holy island”).

der

Sri Lanka (an island and country in South Asia, off the coast of India)


Croatia

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

(Malaysia) Croatia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


England

ايڠلند (Jawi)

England (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)


mental

Borrowed from English mental, from Middle French mental, from Late Latin mentālis, from mēns (“mind, disposition; heart, soul”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix).

af

Relating to the mind, thought or intellectual processes.

Mental:
(informal) Not sane; crazy, insane.


tuba

ms-noun

tuba (Jawi spelling توبا, plural tuba-tuba)

Indonesian: tuba

→ English: tuba

From Proto-Malayic *tuba, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tubah, from Proto-Austronesian *tubah.
First attested in the Kota Kapur inscription, 686 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (tūva),

menubai [agent focus + causative benefactive]

ditubai [patient focus + causative benefactive]

(fishing) fish poison made from plant roots

a Malayan plant whose roots are a significant source of rotenone, Derris malaccensis.


tuba

From Latin tuba (“tube, trumpet, military trumpet”), via English tuba.

der

(music) tuba: A large brass musical instrument, usually in the bass range, played through a vibration of the lips upon the mouthpiece and fingering of the keys.


Danish

Borrowed from Persian دانش (“knowledge”).


X

The twenty-fourth letter of the Malay alphabet, called eks and written in the Latin script.


anoa

ms-noun

anoa (Jawi spelling انوا, plural anoa-anoa)


yak

The apheresis form of Malay berak, with the letter y inserted in front. A childish variant of berak used by parents to the children.


yak

Semalam kak yone tengok anak kak yone sembelit masa nak yak.

2017 April 17, Nurdiana Aniff, “Sembelit Masa Nak Yak”, in Blogger:

Yesterday, 'kak yone' saw that 'kak yone's' child was constipated when they want to poop.


yak

(belacak ~), (melacak ~); to be abundant


lama

From Proto-Austronesian *lama (“old, former”).

inh

Lamanya Agus tukar baju!

It's taking so long for Agus to change his clothes!

Barang lama

Kesultanan Melayu Melaka lama


lama

ms-noun

lama (Jawi spelling لاما, plural lama-lama)


air

اٴير (Jawi)
aek (alternative)
aer (alternative)
ayer (alternative)
ayar (alternative)

Baba Malay: aye

Indonesian: air

From Proto-Malayic *air, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wahiʀ.
First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (āir).

2012, Faridah Abdul Rashid, Research on the Early Malay Doctors : 1900-1957 : Malaya and Singapore http://books.google.co.nz/books?id=kZZXloR9wAMC&
loji rawatan air

aingBELLY DANCEKedayanayingBELLY DANCEIndonesiaStandardairBELLY DANCEAmboneseaerBELLY DANCEBalineseaerBELLY DANCEBangkaaekBELLY DANCE

aikBELLY DANCEDeliaerBELLY DANCEJambiaekBELLY DANCEKetapangairBELLY DANCELangkataerBELLY DANCEMakassaraerBELLY DANCE

aerekBELLY DANCEManadoaerBELLY DANCEMedanaerBELLY DANCEPontianakaekBELLY DANCERiauaeBELLY DANCE

aieBELLY DANCESambasaekBELLY DANCETenggarong KutaiaerBELLY DANCEBELLY DANCETernateaerBELLY DANCEMalaysiaJohoraeBELLY DANCEKedahayaqBELLY DANCEKelantanaeBELLY DANCEMelakaaeBELLY DANCENegeri SembilanaeBELLY DANCEPahangaeBELLY DANCEPenangayaqBELLY DANCESabahairBELLY DANCEBELLY DANCESingaporeStandardairBELLY DANCEBabaayerBELLY DANCEThailandPattaniอา-เอBELLY DANCEOverseas MalayCocosaerBELLY DANCE


upas

upas (Jawi spelling اوڤس, plural upas-upas)

Indonesian: upas

→ English: upas

→ Russian: упас (upas)

Antiaris toxicaria
Wikispecies:Antiaris toxicaria

Strychnos tieute
Wikispecies:Strychnos tieute


Korea

Indonesian: Korea

Ultimately from Sino-Korean 고려(高麗) (Goryeo).

Korea (a geographic region consisting of two countries in East Asia, commonly known as South Korea and North Korea; formerly a single country)

Korean Peninsula
Korean Peninsula#English

Korea (a peninsula in East Asia, containing the countries of North Korea and South Korea; in full, Korean Peninsula)


malam

malam (Jawi spelling مالم, plural malam-malam)

Indonesian: malam

→ Ternate: malam

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maləm (“night, darkness”).

inh

Selamat malam


bahasa

ms-noun

bahasa (Jawi spelling بهاس, plural bahasa-bahasa)

desctree

Indonesian: bahasa, basa (colloquial, uncommon)
→ Cia-Cia: bahasa
→ Dutch: bahasa
→ English: Bahasa (along with Malay bahasa)

→ English: Bahasa (along with Indonesian bahasa)

Pattani Malay: بهاس (bahasa)

Borrowed from Sanskrit भाषा (bhāṣā, “language”).

bor+

bahasa Melayu

language (system of communication using words or symbols)


orang

Indonesian: orang

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *uraŋ (“person”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uʀaŋ (“outsider”). Possible cognate with Javanese wong.
First attested in the Telaga Batu inscription, 683 CE, as Old Malay [script needed] (urang).


orang

seorang lelaki


orang

(dialectal) I, me, my (used when speaking to parent)


Afrikaans

Afrikaans (of or pertaining to the Afrikaans language)


anu

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *a-nu, from Proto-Austronesian *-nu.

si anu

hajat anu

Someone or something whose name is not mentioned (on purpose, due to forgetting, etc.).

Dalam kiraan ini, 't' merupakan sebuah anu yang mewakili tinggi seorang pelajar.

In this calculation, 't' is an unknown that stands for a student's height.

(mathematics) An unknown quantity or variable; an unknown.


baik

Uncertain, or could be inherited from an alternate form of Proto-Malayic *bait, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bait. Compare Tagalog bait and Maori pai.

sebaik-baik [reduplication + comparability]

membaikkan [causative benefactive + agent focus]

membaiki [causative benefactive + agent focus]

memperbaiki [causative benefactive + causative agent focus]

good (acting in the interest of good; ethical (good intentions))

good (useful for a particular purpose (it’s a good watch))

good (of food, edible; not stale or rotten)

good (of food, having a particularly pleasant taste)


baik

> Betawi: baik (inherited)

> Betawi: baèk (inherited)

> Betawi: baè' (inherited)

> Indonesian: baik (inherited)

desc

> Peranakan Indonesian: baek (inherited)

Baik, cikgu, saya akan siapkan kerja itu sekarang juga.

Ok, mister, I will finish that work right now.

okay (Used to indicate agreement or acceptance)


balad

ms-noun

balad (Jawi spelling بلد, plural balad-balad)


balik

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balik (“reverse, turn around”). Cognate with Tagalog balik.

inh

balek (alternative nonstandard)
balek (alternative)


balik

ms-noun

balik (Jawi spelling باليق, plural balik-balik)

باليق (Jawi)
balik-balik (plural)
balek (alternative nonstandard)
balek (alternative)


balik

Indonesian: balik


AB

Initialism of anggaran belanja (“expense estimate”).


SK

sekolah kebangsaan
sekolah kebangsaan#Malay

(Malaysia, education) Initialism of sekolah kebangsaan (“state school; public school”, literally “national school”)


beg

Beg sekolah saya berat.


matahari

ماتاهاري (Jawi)

Indonesian: matahari

sun (the star around which the Earth revolves)


PBB

Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu
w:ms:Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu

(Malaysian politics) Initialism of Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu (“United Bumiputera Heritage Party”).


Johor

→ English: Johor, Johore

Chinese:

Hokkien: 柔佛 (Jiû-hu̍t)

Mandarin: 柔佛 (Róufó)

From Arabic جَوْهَر (jawhar), from Classical Persian گَوهَر (gawhar).


Negeri Sembilan

ms-proper noun

Negeri Sembilan (Jawi spelling نݢري سمبيلن)

نݢري سمبيلن (Jawi)
Negri Sembilan (alternative)

→ English: Negeri Sembilan

negeri (“state”) + sembilan (“nine”).
The name was derived from nine original regions that the state formerly controlled, including Naning (now part of Melaka), Segamat (now part of Johor), Ulu Pahang (now part of Pahang), and Klang (now part of Selangor).


Pahang

Unknown, probably from Khmer ប៉ាហាំង (paahang, “tin”).


perak

ڤيرق (Jawi)
pirak (alternative)
Perak (alternative)

Indonesian: perak

From earlier pirak, from Proto-Malayic *pirak. Also possibly of Khmeric origin. Compare Pre-Angkorian Old Khmer prak ~ prāk (“silver”), from the root pak ~ pāk (“to break”) with infix , whence Khmer ប្រាក់ (prak) and បាក់ (pak).


Sabah

Sabah (state in Malaysia): a state in eastern Malaysia located at the Northern part of the Borneo island with the main city Kota Kinabalu as its capital.


Sarawak

From Sarawak Malay serawak (“antimony”). Doublet of serawak.


Selangor

سلاڠور (Jawi)


Terengganu

ترڠݢانو (Jawi)


Kuala Lumpur

ms-proper noun

Kuala Lumpur (Jawi spelling کوالا لمڤور)

کوالا لمڤور (Jawi)
KL (alternative initialism)

Compound of kuala (“confluence”) + lumpur (“mud”). Literally, “confluence of mud”.

com+

Kuala Lumpur
Kuala Lumpur#English:_Q1865

Kuala Lumpur (a federal territory, the capital and largest city of Malaysia, located in the western part of the country)


Putrajaya

ڤوتراجاي (Jawi)

putra (“prince”) + jaya (“success”), ultimately from Sanskrit पुत्र (putra) + जय (jayá); from the name of the first Prime Minister of Malaysia, Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra.

Putrajaya (a federal territory in western Malaysia)

Putrajaya (the administrative capital of Malaysia)


Labuan

لابوان (Jawi)

Labuan (a federal territory of Sabah, Malaysia)


sy

(informal, text messaging, Internet slang) Abbreviation of saya (“I”).


saya

ساي (Jawi)
sahaya (alternative)
سهاي (alternative)
sy (alternative)

Indonesian: saya

North Moluccan Malay: saya

From Sanskrit सहाय (sahāya, “follower”).

kau-

informal/towards God; friendly/older towards younger

Nama saya ...


milik

ms-noun

milik (Jawi spelling ميليق, plural milik-milik)

Indonesian: milik

Komputer itu milik ibu saya.


punya

Clipping of empunya, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əmpuña, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əmpu. Compare Tagalog impó (“grandmother”).
First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (punyā) in the form [script needed] (punyāña).
In the sense of possessive/genitive particle, semantic loan from Hokkien 的 (ê).

Someone who owns a certain thing; an owner.

rumah punya Adam


punya

head

punya (Jawi spelling ڤوڽا, alternative form nya)

Adam punya buku

(informal) Used to indicate possession, similar to English 's.


punya

Ambonese Malay: pung

Indonesian: punya

Kupang Malay: pung

Manado Malay: pe

North Moluccan Malay: pi

Papuan Malay: pu

Saya punya enam buku.

Saya punya dua buah rumah.

(spoken) Emphasizes a word that is repeated.


lapar

Indonesian: lapar

From Proto-Malayic *lapar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lapaʀ. Cognate with Old Javanese lapa and Sundanese palay.

Aku lapar.

hungry (affected by hunger; desirous of food)


buku

ms-noun

buku (Jawi spelling بوکو, plural buku-buku)

Indonesian: buku

Borrowed from Dutch boek, from Middle Dutch boec, from Old Dutch buoc, from Proto-Germanic *bōks.

Buku siapakah ini?

book (collection of sheets of paper bound together containing printed or written material)


buku

Indonesian: buku

From Proto-Malayic *buku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bukuh.

a lumpy joint (of fingers or similar structures)

Buku tanah

a small block, lump or cake of something


buku

ms-classifier

buku (Jawi spelling بوکو, singular sebuku)

Indonesian: buku

Sebuku roti

classifier for blocky, lumpy things or things akin to blocks


itu

From Proto-Malayic *(i)tu(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)tu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)Cu. Compare Tagalog ito (“this”).


lihat

head

lihat (Jawi spelling ليهت, active melihat, 3rd person passive dilihat)

ليهت (Jawi)
melihat (active)
dilihat (passive third-person)

Indonesian: lihat

North Moluccan Malay: lia

Adam sedang melihat telefonnya sekarang.

Adam melihat nasib kawannya.

Adam dilihat tidak cukup kuat untuk mengangkatnya.

Adam was seen as being not strong enough to lift that.

Adam pergi melihat neneknya sempena hari raya.

Adam went to visit his grandma while eid.


kucing

ms-noun

kucing (Jawi spelling کوچيڠ, plural kucing-kucing)

کوچيڠ (Jawi)
kucing-kucing (plural)
kuching (alternative)
koetjing (alternative)
kutjing (alternative)

From Proto Western Malayo-Polynesian *kutíŋ. The history of this term is unclear. Although kucing applies almost exclusively to domestic cats today, it may have had earlier applications to wild felines.

Kucing saya berwarna kelabu.


kamus

kamus (Jawi spelling قاموس, plural kamus-kamus)

Indonesian: kamus

→ Javanese: ꦏꦩꦸꦱ꧀ (kamus)

From Arabic قَامُوس (qāmūs), from Ancient Greek ὠκεανός (ōkeanós).

dictionary (publication that explains the meanings of an ordered list of words)


baru

بارو (Jawi)
bharu (alternative dated)
bahru (alternative dated)

From Proto-Malayic *baharu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baqəʀu, from Proto-Austronesian *baqəʀuh.

Aku baru sampai di rumah.


baru

> Indonesian: baru (inherited)

→ Baba Malay: baru

→ Hokkien: 麻汝 (bâ-lú)

→ Teochew: 麻汝 (bha⁵ lu²)

tahun baru

perbarui [causative passive + causative benefactive]

membarui [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dibarui [patient focus + causative benefactive]

memperbarui [causative agent focus + causative benefactive]

diperbarui [causative passive focus + causative benefactive]


baru

baru (Jawi spelling بارو, plural baru-baru)

بارو (Jawi)
baru-baru (plural)
baru-baru (alternative)
bebaru (alternative)

Indonesian: baru

From Proto-Malayic *baru(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀu.

Talipariti tiliaceum
Talipariti tiliaceum#Translingual

Hibiscus tiliaceus
Hibiscus tiliaceus#Translingual

sea hibiscus, cottonwood hibiscus (Talipariti tiliaceum, syn. Hibiscus tiliaceus)


ia

head

ia (Jawi spelling اي, cliticized form -nya)

From Proto-Malayic *ia, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(si-)ia, from Proto-Austronesian *(si-)ia.

Ia merupakan Perdana Menteri Kanada.

Genderless third person pronoun; he, she, they.

Benda yang paling mengejutkan tentang universiti ini ialah bahawa ia sudah wujud untuk lebih daripada 500 tahun.

The most surprising thing about this university is that it has existed for more than 500 years.

Pronoun for something that is being discussed; it.


ia

Ia, itulah jawapan saya.


dia

Ambonese Malay: dia

Betawi: dia

Indonesian: dia

Cognate with ia, -nya, from Proto-Malayic *ia, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(si-)ia, from Proto-Austronesian *(si-)ia.

Dia adik lelaki saya.

Genderless third person pronoun; he, she, it.


sedang

Cikgu sedang makan.


minggu

ms-noun

minggu (Jawi spelling ميڠݢو, plural minggu-minggu)

Indonesian: minggu

Borrowed from Portuguese domingo (“Sunday”), from Latin dominīcus.


suka

ms-noun

suka (Jawi spelling سوک, plural suka-suka)

Indonesian: suka

→ Hokkien: 舒合 (su-kah)

→ Teochew: 舒合 (su¹ gah⁴)

menyukai [agent focus + causative benefactive]

disukai [patient focus + causative benefactive]


aku

اکو (Jawi)
daku (alternative poetic)
ak (alternative Internet)
aque (alternative Internet)
aq (alternative Internet)

Indonesian: aku

From Proto-Malayic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.
First attested in the Telaga Batu inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (aku).

Aku orang itu.

Ini aku.

Ini beg aku.

(when placed after a noun) my (first person singular possesive pronoun)


musik

musik (Jawi spelling موسيک, plural musik-musik)

موسيک (Jawi)
musik-musik (plural)
muzik (alternative Brunei Malaysia Singapore)

From earlier form muziek, from Dutch muziek, from Latin mūsica (“music”). Doublet of muzik; muziek attested directly in the Kitab Vortaro published in 1923.


pergi

pĕrgi (canonical)
ڤرݢي (Jawi)
pegi (alternative)
pogi (alternative)
pigi (alternative)
gi (alternative clipping)
pi (alternative)

Ambonese Malay: pigi

Indonesian: pergi

North Moluccan Malay: pigi, pi

Saya pergi ke sekolah tadi.

Dia pergi cuma lepas aku kata aku nak telefon polis.

He went away only after I said I was going to call the police.

Kami akan pergi pada pukul tiga pagi esok.

We will depart at three o'clock in the morning tomorrow.


ke

Phonetic spelling of -kah in a Johor-Riau accent.

Besar ke kecil?

Boleh ke tak?


ke

Boleh ke aku pinjam fon kau?

Selalu ke cikgu tanya soalan macam tu?

Is it often that the teacher ask questions like that?

Abang kau dah beli ke PS5 yang dia kata nak beli tu?

Has your brother bought the PS5 that he said he was going to buy?

Kau ke yang dapat markah 100% dekat ujian baru-baru ni tu?

Are you the one that got a score of a 100% for the recent test?

(informal) used on modal verbs, adverbs, verbs and nouns to form questions


ke

Indonesian: ke

From Old Malay ka, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka.

Semalam aku pergi ke rumah kawan.


ke

The name of the Latin-script letter K/k.


kemarin

کمارين (Jawi)

(nonstandard) Alternative form of kelmarin


rumah

rumah (Jawi spelling رومه, plural rumah-rumah)

Indonesian: rumah

From Classical Malay رومه, from Proto-Malayic *rumah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀumaq, from Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq.

menyerumahkan [comparability + agent focus + causative benefactive]

rumah-rumahan [reduplication + resultative

memperumahkan [causative agent focus + causative benefactive]

perumahan [causative passive + repetition

Semalam aku pergi ke rumah kawan.

home (house or structure in which someone lives)


teman

teman (Jawi spelling تمن, plural teman-teman)

friend (person whose company one enjoys)


sana

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sana (“there, yonder”)

inh

Dia tinggal di sana.


dua

دوا (Jawi)
duwa (alternative)
duă (alternative)

From Proto-Malayic *dua(ʔ),, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duha, from Proto-Austronesian *duSa.
First attested in the Kedukan Bukit inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (dua).


kali

From Proto-Malayic *kali, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kali, from Proto-Austronesian *kalih.


kali

ms-noun

kali (Jawi spelling کالي, plural kali-kali)

From Javanese ꦏꦭꦶ (kali), from Old Javanese kali.

river (large stream which drains a landmass)


kali

From Sanskrit काल (kāla, “time”). Doublet of kala.

Berapa kali awak pernah melancong ke Sandakan?

How many times have you been to Sandakan?


kali

Dua kali empat sama dengan lapan.


kali

Indonesian: kali


sekali

Ambil ubat ini sehari sekali sehingga sembuh.

Take this medicine once a day until you're cured.

Indah sekali pemandangan di sini.


bulan

bulan (Jawi spelling بولن, plural bulan-bulan)

Indonesian: bulan

From Proto-Malayic *bulan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bulan, from Proto-Austronesian *bulaN.
First attested in the Kedukan Bukit inscription, 683 CE, as [script needed] (vulan).

moon (largest natural satellite of planet Earth)

moon (any substantially sized natural satellite of a planet)

Aku pergi ke sana dua kali untuk setiap bulan.

month (period into which a year is divided)


satu

From Proto-Malayic *sA- (“one”) + *batu (“stone”).


sungai

sungai (Jawi spelling سوڠاي or سوڠي, plural sungai-sungai)

سوڠاي (Jawi)
سوڠي (Jawi)
sungai-sungai (plural)
sungei (alternative)
sg. (alternative abbreviation)

Indonesian: sungai

→ Chinese: 雙溪／双溪


tak

Cognate with tidak, dak, from Proto-Malayic *daʔ (compare Indonesian tidak), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *diaq.

Saya tak mahu makan.

(informal) not (negates the meaning of the verb)

Buku itu tak mahal.


rata

Indonesian: rata

Ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dataʀ. Doublet of datar.


rata

rata (Jawi spelling رات, plural rata-rata)


tiga

تيݢ (Jawi)
tigă (alternative)
tige (alternative pronunciation-spelling)

> Indonesian: tiga (inherited)

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *tiga, from Prakrit 𑀢𑀺𑀕 (tiga), from Sanskrit त्रिक (trika, “triad”). Displaced native Old Malay tlu.


empat

امڤت (Jawi)
pat (alternative)
ĕmpat (alternative)
ampat (alternative)
ămpat (alternative)

Indonesian: empat

North Moluccan Malay: ampa

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *əmpat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Austronesian *Səpat.


kita

کيت (Jawi)
kite (alternative pronunciation-spelling)
kiter (alternative)

Indonesian: kita

desc

Manado Malay: (first person singular personal pronoun) kita (“I”)

North Moluccan Malay: (first person singular personal pronoun) kita (“I”)

From Proto-Malayic *kita(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kita, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kita.

we, us (inclusive of the person spoken to)

(informal) we, us (exclusive of the person spoken to)

(informal, chiefly women's speech in Malaysia) I, me (used by women and tenderhearted person)


kami

Indonesian: kami

From Proto-Malayic *kami, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.

we, us, our (exclusive of the person spoken to)


sama

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *sama, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sama (“mate, companion, fellow; together with; alike, the same as; aligned or in good order”); reconstructed by Robert Blust (compare Malagasy samy (“both, each, every one; same”); Lauan dama (“mate, fellow, corresponding part; exactly like, the same”), 'Are'are tama (“in line, in pairs”)). Although it may be possible for this word to be from Sanskrit सम (sama, “same, equal”), the native Austronesian etymology is to be more likely due to the wide distribution in Oceanic languages that received little to no Indianisation.

cog

Bajunya sama dengan baju saya.

Dua kali dua sama dengan empat.

(mathematics) The same in numerical value.

Dua produk ni tak sama.

Of the same value, status, standing, etc.


sama

Dia orang gelak sama lepas dengar cerita itu sepenuhnya.

They laughed along after hearing the full story.

Dua musuh itu sama terbahak menonton filem komedi itu.

The two rivals laughed together watching the comedy film.

Kita orang memang sama tak suka pun jadi kamu tak payahlah menyampuk.

We've always disliked each other so stop minding our business.


sama

Marilah main sama kami.

Aku marah sama dia.


Johor Bahru

جوهر بهرو (Jawi)

Johor Bahru (the capital city of Johor, Malaysia)


Alor Setar

الور ستار (Jawi)
Alor Star (alternative)

Alor Setar (the capital city of the state of Kedah, Malaysia)


Kota Bharu

کوت بهارو (Jawi)

Kota Bharu (the capital city of Kelantan, Malaysia)


Seremban

Seremban (the capital city of Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia)


Kuantan

کوانتن (Jawi)

Founded in the 1850s, mentioned by Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir (Munshi Abdullah) circa 1851/2.

Kuantan (the capital city of Pahang, Malaysia)


Ipoh

اڤوه (Jawi)
ipuh (alternative)
ipoh (alternative)

→ English: Ipoh

→ Chinese: 怡保 (Yíbǎo)

From ipuh, from Proto-Malayic *hipuh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qipuq.

Ipoh (the capital city of the state of Perak, Malaysia)


Kangar

Kangar (the capital city of Perlis, Malaysia)


Kota Kinabalu

ms-proper noun

کوتا کينابالو

Kota Kinabalu (Jawi spelling کوتا کينابالو)

کوتا کينابالو (Jawi)
KK (alternative initialism)

kota (“town”) + Kinabalu (“the name of a mountain”). Literally, “Kinabalu town”.

compound

Kota Kinabalu (the capital city of Sabah, Malaysia)


Kuching

Possibly from the Wilkinson spelling of kucing (“cat”).

Kuching (the capital city of Sarawak, Malaysia)


Shah Alam

شاە عالم (Jawi)

From the name of the sultan of Selangor, Sultan Alam Shah.

Shah Alam (the capital city of Selangor, Malaysia)


Kuala Terengganu

ms-proper noun

کوالا ترڠݢانو

Kuala Terengganu (Jawi spelling کوالا ترڠݢانو)

کوالا ترڠݢانو (Jawi)

Kuala Terengganu
Kuala Terengganu#English

Kuala Terengganu (the capital city of Terengganu, Malaysia)


alas

ms-noun

alas (Jawi spelling الس, plural alas-alas)


dada

dada (Jawi spelling دادا, plural dada-dada)

Indonesian: dada

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *dada, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dahdah, from Proto-Austronesian *daSdaS.


er

Possibly borrowed from English er or is a pronunciation spelling of a in non-rhotic Malay accents.

Er, kita tengah ke mana ni?


Muslim

ms-proper noun

Muslim (Jawi spelling مسلم, plural Muslimin or Muslim-Muslim)

مسلم (Jawi)
Muslimin (plural)
Muslim-Muslim (plural)

Indonesian: muslim

Borrowed from Arabic مُسْلِم (muslim, “one who submits”).


Islam

Indonesian: Islam


hang

(informal, Kedah, Penang, Perlis) The person being spoken to; you.


hang

(Kedah) Hiding place of a hunter from a wild animal.


had

Indonesian: had

From Classical Malay [script needed] (had), from Arabic حَدّ (ḥadd).

(Indonesian)

(mathematics) A value to which a sequence converges. Equivalently, the common value of the upper limit and the lower limit of a sequence: if the upper and lower limits are different, then the sequence has no limit (i.e., does not converge).


lain

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laqin. Cognate with Cebuano lain and Bikol Central lain.

Orang lain

Lain dahulu lain sekarang...

'Twas different then, 'tis different now...


pula

ڤولا (Jawi)
pulak (alternative colloquial pronunciation-spelling)

Bagi Kumpulan C pula akan disertai oleh Pasukan BSRC Veteran, PSJD, Rimba Star, IV Team (DST) dan Azadi FT. Dalam Kumpulan D pula akan disertai oleh Pasukan ITF, Manggis FC, SM FC, Mengelela FC dan PMS.

2018 August 14, Mohamad Asyramisyanie, “39 pasukan bakal berentap [39 teams bound to compete]”, in Media Permata, archived from the original on 2018-10-30:

Group C, in turn, will be joined by BSRC Veteran Team, PSJD, Rimba Star, IV Team (DST) and Azadi FT, while Group D, in turn, will be joined by ITF Team, Manggis FC, SM FC, Mengelela FC and PMS.

in turn (having a relationship sequentially comparable to one just mentioned; accordingly or similarly; with respect to sequence, precedence, or hierarchy)


boat

berboat (used-in-the-form)
buat (alternative)

From Proto-Malayic *buat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buhat.


sang

Hikayat Sang Kancil

(formal, poetic) the (used in proper names)


sat

the highest value card in a playing card


kanji

ms-noun

kanji (Jawi spelling کنجي, plural kanji-kanji)


piano

piano (Jawi spelling ڤيانو, plural piano-piano)


long

long (Jawi spelling لوڠ, plural long-long)

Compare Khmer លោង (loong), Cham [louŋ], Thai โลง (loong).


hospital

hospital (Jawi spelling هوسڤيتل, plural hospital-hospital)

هوسڤيتل (Jawi)
hospital-hospital (plural)

→ Iban: sepital

Borrowed from English hospital or Dutch hospitaal, both ultimately from Old French hospital, from Latin hospitālis. Displaced rumah sakit within Malaysia by the 1960s during the Konfrontasi.


meter

meter (Jawi spelling ميتر, plural meter-meter)

From English metre or meter, from French mètre, from Ancient Greek μέτρον (métron, “measure, rule, length, size, poetic metre”).

der

meter air

A device that is used to measure and record something (distance, quantity of something used, etc.).

lima meter

International System of Units
International System of Units

The basic unit of length in the International System of Units (SI: Système International d'Unités); a metre or meter.


pos

From English post. Cognate to Indonesian pos.

post (assigned station or appointed position in an organization)


e

The fifth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


mana

مان (Jawi)
mn (alternative Internet)
mane (alternative pronunciation-spelling)

where (incomplete without ke, di or dari)


horizontal

هوريزونتل (Jawi)

From English horizontal, from Middle French horizontal.

Perpendicular to the vertical; horizontal.


orbit

ms-noun

orbit (Jawi spelling اوربيت, plural orbit-orbit)


organ

organ (Jawi spelling اورݢن, plural organ-organ)

(biology) a larger part of an organism, composed of tissues that perform similar functions.

(music) a musical instrument that has multiple pipes which play when a key is pressed (the pipe organ), or an electronic instrument designed to replicate such.

an official magazine, newsletter, or similar publication of an organization.


Asia

Indonesian: Asia

Borrowed from Dutch Azië, ultimately from Latin Asia, from Ancient Greek Ᾰ̓σῐ́ᾱ (Ăsĭ́ā).

Asia (the largest continent, located between Europe and the Pacific Ocean)

(historical) Asia (an ancient province of the Roman Empire in modern western Turkey, existing between 133 BC (during the Roman Republic) and the 7th century AD)


ensiklopedia

اينسيکلوڤيديا

ensiklopedia (Jawi spelling اينسيکلوڤيديا, plural ensiklopedia-ensiklopedia)

اينسيکلوڤيديا (Jawi)
ensiklopedia-ensiklopedia (plural)

Learned borrowing from New Latin encyclopaedia (“general education”), a mistaken univerbated form of Koine Greek ἐγκύκλιος παιδείᾱ (enkúklios paideíā, “education in the circle of arts and sciences”), from ἐγκύκλιος (enkúklios, “circular”) + παιδείᾱ (paideíā, “child-rearing, education”).

der

ἐγκύκλιος παιδείᾱ


b

The second letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


c

The third letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


d

The fourth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


g

The seventh letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


h

The eighth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


j

The tenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


k

The eleventh letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


l

The twelfth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


m

The thirteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


n

The fourteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


p

The sixteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


q

The seventeenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


r

The eighteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


s

The nineteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


t

The twentieth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


u

The twenty-first letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


v

The twenty-second letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


w

The twenty-third letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


z

The twenty-sixth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


persen

From English percent or Dutch percent, from Italian percento, from New Latin per centum (“by the hundred”); first attested as percent in Kitab Vortaro in 1923.

(informal) percent: the amount, number or rate of something, regarded as part of a total of 100; a part of a whole.


anime

ms-noun

anime (Jawi spelling انيمي, plural anime-anime)

Borrowed from English anime, from Japanese アニメ (anime), an abbreviation of アニメーション (animēshon), itself borrowed from English animation, from Latin animātiō, from animāre. Doublet of animasi.

Gaya lukisan yang popular kebelakangan ini ialah gaya anime.

A drawing style that has been popular recently is the anime style.

An artistic style originating in, and associated with, Japanese animation, and that has also been adopted by a comparatively low number of animated works from other countries.

Anime ini merupakan hasil kerja Studio Ghibli.

This anime is a product of the work of Studio Ghibli.

An animated work that originated in Japan, regardless of the artistic style.


manga

(comics) manga (comic originating in Japan)


hun

A unit of weight equal to one hundredth of a tahil.


original

اوريݢينل (Jawi)
ori (alternative clipping)

Borrowed from English original, from Middle English original, from Old French original, from Late Latin orīginālis (“primitive, original”), from Latin orīgō (“beginning, source, origin”).


nitrogen

ms-noun

nitrogen (Jawi spelling نيتروݢن, plural nitrogen-nitrogen)

نيتروݢن (Jawi)
nitrogen-nitrogen (plural)

Borrowed from English nitrogen, derived from French nitrogène.


edit

head

edit (Jawi spelling ايديت, formal active mengedit, 3rd person passive diedit)

ايديت (Jawi)
mengedit (active formal)
diedit (passive third-person)


kata

ms-noun

kata (Jawi spelling کات, plural kata-kata)


ABC

ABC (Jawi spelling اي بي سي, plural ABC-ABC)

From English ABC, from Middle English abece, ABC, from the first three letters of the Latin alphabet, standing for the whole alphabet.

Sudah tahukah kamu ABC?


ABC

Initialism of air batu campur (“mixed ice”).

initialism of

Minta ABC, satu.

A type of dessert that is made from a mixture shaved ice and various other things such as red bean as cendol.


darah

ms-noun

darah (Jawi spelling داره, plural darah-darah)

Indonesian: darah

→ Javanese: ꦝꦫꦃ (dharah)

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *darah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀaq, from Proto-Austronesian *daʀaq.

blood (vital liquid flowing in animal bodies)

(figurative) A family relationship due to birth, such as that between siblings; contrasted with relationships due to marriage or adoption (see blood relative, blood relation, by blood).


temu

Indonesian: têmu

From (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təmu (“to meet, receive; greet a guest”), or alternatively from Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₁mu, *t₁muj, *t₁muəj (“guest, visitor”). Possible doublet of tamu (“guest, visitor”).
First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (tmu).

der

menemukan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

menemui [agent focus + causative benefactive]

ditemukan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

ditemui [patient focus + causative benefactive]

tertemukan [agentless action + causative benefactive]

mempertemukan [causative agent focus + causative benefactive]

dipertemukan [causative passive focus + causative benefactive]


temu

ms-noun

temu (Jawi spelling تمو, plural temu-temu)

From (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tamu (“turmeric”).

wild ginger; generic for Curcuma spp. and similar plants


jaguar

jaguar (Jawi spelling جاݢوار, plural jaguar-jaguar)

From English jaguar, from Portuguese, from Old Tupi jaguara.

Panthera onca
Panthera onca#Translingual


juta

desctree

> Indonesian: juta, djoeta (1901–1947), djuta (1947–1972) (inherited)
→ Tetum: juta

Borrowed from Sanskrit अयुत (ayuta). From अ- (a-) + युत (yuta, “kept off, removed, united, joined”), ultimately from the root यु (yu).


pohon

ms-noun

pohon (Jawi spelling ڤوهون, plural pohon-pohon)

> Indonesian: pohon (inherited)

From Proto-Malayic *puhun (compare Iban pun), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puqun, from Proto-Austronesian *puqun.


pohon

> Indonesian: pohon (inherited)


beta

(Palace Malay) I, me, my (exclusive use in royalty, subject is either king or queen)


beta

beta (Jawi spelling بيتا, plural beta-beta)

beta (second letter of the Greek alphabet)


natural

ناتورل (Jawi)

Borrowed from English natural, from Middle English natural, from Old French natural, naturel, from Latin nātūrālis, from nātus, the perfect participle of nāscor (“be born”, verb).


natural

natural (Jawi spelling ناتورل, plural natural-natural)

(music) natural: the symbol ♮ used to indicate such a natural note.


idea

idea (Jawi spelling ايديا, plural idea-idea)

ايديا (Jawi)
idea-idea (plural)
ide (alternative)

Borrowed from English idea, from Latin idea (“a (Platonic) idea; archetype”), from Ancient Greek ἰδέα (idéa, “notion, pattern”), from εἴδω (eídō, “I see”).


helium

From English helium, from New Latin helium, from Ancient Greek ἥλιος (hḗlios).


PBS

Parti Bersatu Sabah
w:ms:Parti Bersatu Sabah

(Malaysian politics) Initialism of Parti Bersatu Sabah (“United Sabah Party”).


mu

Shortened form of kamu, from Proto-Malayic *kamu(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kamu, *kamiu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kamu, *kamiu.

kau-

informal/towards God; friendly/older towards younger


CC

initialism

English <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">cybercafé</i>


dam

Borrowed from Dutch dam (“king (draught/checkers)”), from Middle French dame, from Old French dame, from Latin domina.

bor+

Looking like a checkers board (of a surface).


dam

Borrowed from Arabic دَم (dam, “blood”), from Proto-Semitic *dam-, from Proto-Afroasiatic *dam-.

(Islam) A punishment given to someone for breaking certain rules when performing the hajj.


dam

(onomatopoeia) The sound of a drum being beaten.


dam

Onomatopoeic, from the sound of taking a whiff of the marijuana.


atom

ms-noun

atom (Jawi spelling اتوم, plural atom-atom)

From English atom, from Old French atome, from Latin atomus, from Ancient Greek ἄτομος (átomos).

(physics) atom (physics: smallest possible amount of matter retaining its chemical properties)


boron

boron (Jawi spelling بورون, plural boron-boron)


neon

From English neon, from Ancient Greek νέον (néon), neuter of νέος (néos).


magnesium

From English magnesium, from New Latin magnēsium.


aluminium

aluminium (Jawi spelling الومينيوم, plural aluminium-aluminium)

الومينيوم (Jawi)
aluminium-aluminium (plural)


sulfur

sulfur (Jawi spelling سولفور, plural sulfur-sulfur)

Borrowed from English sulfur, from Middle English, from Anglo-Norman sulfre, from Latin sulfur.


argon

argon (Jawi spelling ارݢون, plural argon-argon)

From English argon, from Ancient Greek ἀργόν (argón).


germanium

From English germanium, from Latin Germānia + -ium.


selenium

From English selenium, from New Latin, from Ancient Greek Σελήνη (Selḗnē).


rubidium

From English rubidium, from New Latin rubidium, from Latin rūbidus.

rubidium (element with atomic number 37)


strontium

From English strontium, from Scots Strontian.


xenon

From English xenon, from Ancient Greek ξένον (xénon), neuter of ξένος (xénos).


barium

From English barium, from Ancient Greek βαρύς (barús).


europium

Borrowed from English europium, from French europium.


gadolinium

From English gadolinium, from Finnish Gadolin.


terbium

From English terbium, from Swedish Ytterby.


holmium

From English holmium, from Latin Holmia.


erbium

From English erbium, from Swedish Ytterby.


lutetium

From English lutetium, from Latin Lutetia.


hafnium

From English hafnium, from Latin Hafnia.


tantalum

From English tantalum, from Latin Tantalus.


tungsten

tungsten (Jawi spelling توڠستن, plural tungsten-tungsten)

توڠستن (Jawi)
tungsten-tungsten (plural)

From English tungsten, from Swedish tungsten (“scheelite”).


osmium

From English osmium, from Ancient Greek ὀσμή (osmḗ) -ium.


iridium

From English iridium, from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris) -ium.


platinum

platina (alternative)
pelatinam (alternative)

From English platinum, from Spanish platina.


polonium

From English polonium, from Latin Polonia.


einsteinium

From English einsteinium, from Einstein.


yu

يو (Jawi)
yu-yu (plural)
hiu (alternative)

From hiu, from Proto-Malayic *hiu(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qihu, from Proto-Austronesian *qiSu.

Ikan yu ialah seekor haiwan akuatik yang sangat kuat gigitannya.

The shark is an aquatic animal whose bites are very strong.


au

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *au, from Proto-Austronesian *au₂.

(Brunei, Sarawak) Used to express affirmation; yes.


AI

kecerdasan buatan
kecerdasan buatan#Malay


si

> Indonesian: si (inherited)

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *si₁. Compare Compare Berik si, Chamorro si, Indonesian si, and Tagalog si.

Ke mana perginya si budak nakal yang aku jumpa di taman tadi?

Where has the brat I just met in the park headed to?

the (primarily used with people, rarely necessary)

si mati

si pengawal buncit

definite particle used with adjectives to describe people

Si Polan

a definite article used in names or nicknames

si arnab


ar

The name of the Latin-script letter R/r.


se

س (Jawi)
esa (alternative)
ĕsă (alternative)
sĕ (alternative)
sĕ- (alternative)
sa (alternative)
sa- (alternative)
să (alternative)
să- (alternative)
اسا (alternative)
س (alternative)
س- (alternative)

Shortened form of esa, from Proto-Malayic *əsa.


nah

Nah! Ambil ini.


deuterium

From English hydrogen, from Ancient Greek δεύτερος (deúteros, “second”) + -ium.

uder

(physics) deuterium (isotope of hydrogen)


la

Clipping of la ni, itself a clipping of kala ini, making la a clipping of kala.

(dialectal, Kedah, Kelantan-Pattani, Terengganu) At the present time or moment; now.


lu

Aku gerak lu.


es

The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.


tri

Borrowed from Sanskrit त्रि (tri), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *tráyas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tráyas, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.


tu

Shortened form of itu, from Proto-Malayic *(i)tu(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)tu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)Cu.

itu (alternative)
تو (alternative)
ايت (alternative)

(colloquial) that (what is being indicated)


baba

ms-noun

baba (Jawi spelling باب, plural baba-baba)


baba

باب (Jawi)
baba-baba (plural)
babah (alternative)

Possibly borrowed from Persian بابا (bâbâ). See Baba (honorific).

A colonial Straits-born European, Eurasian, or Chinese man (as opposed to immigrant Chinese or European males)

(archaic) Respectful term of address for a Portuguese gentleman


online

Permainan online


halal

ditanggung halal

mencari rezeki halal

(especially Islam) halal, lawful, permissible (according to Muslim religious customs, pertaining to various matters such as food or business practices)


slogan

slogan (Jawi spelling سلوݢن, plural slogan-slogan)

slogan iklan

catchphrase associated with a product or service


mega

mega (Jawi spelling ميݢ, plural mega-mega)

> Indonesian: mega (inherited)


vegan

vegan (Jawi spelling ۏيݢان, plural vegan-vegan)


vegetarian

vegetarian (Jawi spelling ۏيݢيتاريان, plural vegetarian-vegetarian)

ۏيݢيتاريان (Jawi)
vegetarian-vegetarian (plural)


bang

bang (Jawi spelling بڠ, plural bang-bang)

Indonesian: bang

→ Acehnese: bang

→ Maranao: bang

→ Tausug: bāng

From Persian بانگ (“voice, sound, noise, cry”).


bang

(colloquial) brother (older male sibling)


banal

From Dutch banaal, from French banal, from Medieval Latin bannalis, from bannum.


amalgam

ms-noun

amalgam (Jawi spelling املݢم, plural amalgam-amalgam)


Bali

Bali (an island and province of Indonesia)


Bali

Balinese (of, or relating to Bali, or its inhabitants, language)


zoo

Jurucakap zoo, Elena Mendosa memberitahu pembiakan gorilla di Zoo Moscow merupakan sesuatu yang unik dan berharap proses berkenaan akan berterusan.

2013 February 13, “Gorilla lahirkan anak di zoo Moscow [Gorilla gives birth to offspring at Moscow Zoo]”, in Astro Awani:

A zoo spokeswoman, Elena Mendosa said that gorilla breeding at the Moscow Zoo is something unique and hoped the process would continue.

zoo (park where live animals are exhibited)


Jakarta

Jakarta (a province and capital city of Indonesia)


pun

Indonesian: pun

→ Hokkien: 呠 (pún)

→ Teochew: 呠

Probably from Proto-Austronesian *pa (“still, first, yet”)

inh

Adam pun tahu.

Adam pun tahu.


import

ايمڤورت (Jawi)
impot (alternative)
impor (alternative Indonesia)

From English import, from Middle English importen, from Old French emporter, importer, from Latin importō (“bring in from abroad, import”, verb), from in (“in, at, on; into”) + portō (“I carry, bear; convey”).

der

beras import


import

ms-noun

import (Jawi spelling ايمڤورت, plural import-import)

ايمڤورت (Jawi)
import-import (plural)
impot (alternative)
impor (alternative Indonesia)

Import mengatasi eksport di negara ini.

The import tops the export in this country.

The action or process of importing; importation, import.


import

head

import (Jawi spelling ايمڤورت, active mengimport, 3rd person passive diimport)

ايمڤورت (Jawi)
mengimport (active)
diimport (passive third-person)
impot (alternative)
impor (alternative Indonesia)

Produk ini telah diimport dari China.


tau

From Proto-Malayic *tahu(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Chamic, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqu, from Proto-Austronesian *Caqu.

(informal) Alternative form of tahu (“to know”)


tau

تاو (Jawi)
tau-tau (plural)
tahu (alternative)
تاهو (alternative)

Borrowed from English tau, from Ancient Greek ταῦ (taû).


fail

information or a document about someone, something etc.

(computing) file (aggregation of data on a storage device)


fail

(with untuk) file (make a formal request)


in-

PIE word
 *né
From English in-, from Middle English in-, from Latin in- (“not”).

informal

(no longer productive) Used with certain words to reverse their meaning; in-.


banjo

ms-noun

banjo (Jawi spelling بنجو, plural banjo-banjo)


fatwa

fatwa (Jawi spelling فتوى, plural fatwa-fatwa)

From Arabic فَتْوَى (fatwā, “formal legal opinion”), the verbal noun of أَفْتَى (ʔaftā, “to deliver a formal opinion”). Doublet of petua.

bor

(Islam) fatwa (legal opinion issued by a mufti)


George Town

جورج تاءون (Jawi)

Unadapted borrowing from English George Town.

ubor

George Town (the capital of Penang, Malaysia)

George Town (the capital of the Cayman Islands)


Allah

From Arabic اَللّٰه (allāh); ultimately from Proto-Semitic *ʾil-.


tuna

ms-noun

tuna (Jawi spelling تونا, plural tuna-tuna)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuna, from Proto-Austronesian *tuNa (“freshwater eel”).

inh

Mohd Akhmal berkata, selain ikan lampam, seorang penduduk turut dapat menangkap seekor belut tuna seberat hampir tiga kilogram menggunakan jala.

2015 December 6, Shaiful Shahrin Ahmad Pauzi, “Rezeki lampam mabuk menyerah diri [Pixilated tinfoil barb surrendered itself]”, in Berita Harian, archived from the original on 2016-03-20:

Mohd Akhmal said, besides a tinfoil barb, a resident has managed to catch a marbled eel weighing almost three kilograms using a net.

The name of a mudsnake or eel with a yellowish body, possibly the marbled eel, Anguilla marmorata.


tuna

tuna, any of several species of fish of the genus Thunnus in the family Scombridae.


tuna

From Sanskrit तुणति (tuṇati, “crooked”).


kelapa

ms-noun

kelapa (Jawi spelling کلاڤ, plural kelapa-kelapa)

From Classical Malay kelapa (cognate of Old Javanese kalapa, Javanese ꦏ꧀ꦭꦥ (klapa), Sundanese kalapa), probably from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *k-al-aqpaq (compare Malay pelepah from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *palaqpaq, reconstructed from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *p-al-aqpaq).


panda

panda (Jawi spelling ڤندا, plural panda-panda)


kopi

kopi (Jawi spelling کوڤي, plural kopi-kopi)

Indonesian: kopi

→ Petjo: kopie

→ Cantonese: 咖啡 (go³ bi¹)

desc

→ Hokkien: 咖啡 (ko-pi / ko-phi), 高丕 (obsolete), 戈丕 (obsolete)

→ Teochew: 咖啡 (go¹ bi⁵ / gu¹ bi⁵)

Borrowed from Dutch koffie (with later influence of English coffee), from Italian caffè, from Ottoman Turkish قهوه (kahve) (Turkish kahve), from Arabic قَهْوَة (qahwa, “coffee”). Doublet of kafe and kahwa.


kopi

Borrowed from Sanskrit कूप (kūpa, “leather oil vessel”) via Old Javanese.

der

(East Coast Peninsular) alternative form of kupi, tin can


kopi

Borrowed from English copy, from Middle English copy, copie, from Old French copie (“abundance, plenty; transcript, copy”), from Medieval Latin copia (“reproduction, transcript”), from Latin cōpia (“plenty, abundance”), from *coopia, from co- (“together”) + ops (“wealth, riches”).

something made to be identical to another thing


galah

ms-noun

galah (Jawi spelling ݢاله, plural galah-galah)


ini

First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684AD. From Proto-Malayic *(i)ni(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)ni, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)ni.

this (known (thing) about to be mentioned)

this (known (thing) that the speaker does not think is known to the audience)


ini

this (The thing, item, etc. being indicated)


main

head

main (Jawi spelling ماءين, used in the form bermain)

Indonesian: main

→ Tok Pisin: main

From Proto-Malayic *main, likely a phonemical reduction from Pre-Proto-Malayic *qumaim, *qumayam, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-um- + *qayam (“domesticated animal, plaything”). The Buku Katan alternatively proposes it as a product of suffixing maya + -an.

permainkan [causative passive + causative benefactive]

memainkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dimainkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


je

Phonetic spelling of ja in Johor-Riau Malay, clipping of sahaja or saja.


je

The name of the Latin-script letter J/j.


Jepang

Japan (a country and archipelago in East Asia)


Jepang

Indonesian: Jepang

→ Dutch: Japan (see there for further descendants)

→ Portuguese: Japão (see there for further descendants)

→ Sundanese: ᮏᮨᮕᮀ (jepang)

(historical, chiefly Indonesia) Japanese (of, from or relating to Japan)

jepangkan

1st and 2nd person passive form of menjepangkan


roman

Indonesian: roman

From Dutch roman, from French roman, from Old French romanz (“common language (as opposed to Latin)”), from Vulgar Latin romanicē (“in the way of the Romans (as opposed to the Franks)”), from Latin rōmānicus < rōmānus.

der

(obsolete) a novel, story written in long prose


bes

بيس (Jawi)
bes-bes (plural)
basa (alternative)

(chemistry) base, any of a class of generally water-soluble compounds, having bitter taste, that turn red litmus blue, and react with acids to form salts.


dugong

ms-noun

dugong (Jawi spelling دوݢوڠ, plural dugong-dugong)

From English dugong, from Cebuano dugong. Doublet of duyung.


Urdu

From Classical Persian اُرْدُو (urdū), from Proto-Turkic *ordu (“army, camp”).


dari

First attested in the Kedukan Bukit inscription, 683AD.

Dia datang dari Kanada.

Juan Carlos I dari Sepanyol


label

label (Jawi spelling لابل, plural label-label)

From English label, from Middle English label (“narrow band, strip of cloth”), from Old French label, lambel (Modern French lambeau), from Frankish *lappā (“torn piece of cloth”), from Proto-Germanic *lappǭ, *lappô (“cloth stuff, rag, scraps, flap, dewlap, lobe, rabbit ear”), from Proto-Indo-European *leb- (“blade”).

der

A small ticket or sign giving information about something to which it is attached or intended to be attached.

A name given to something or someone to categorise them as part of a particular social group.


label

head

label (Jawi spelling لابل, active melabel, 3rd person passive dilabel)

لابل (Jawi)
melabel (active)
dilabel (passive third-person)

Saya melabel semua buku saya.

(transitive) To put a label on something.

Penjaga gol itu dilabel penyokong pasukannya sebagai pengkhianat selepas dia terjaringkan sebuah gol sendiri.

That goalkeeper was labelled by his team's supporters as a traitor after he accidentally scored an own goal.

(transitive) To give a label to (someone or something) in order to categorise that person or thing.


ikan

ms-noun

ikan (Jawi spelling ايکن, plural ikan-ikan)

Indonesian: ikan

North Moluccan Malay: ikang

From Proto-Malayic *ikan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hikan, from Proto-Austronesian *Sikan. The last component -kan is related to makan (“to eat”).

Ikan itu berwarna biru.

perikanan [causative passive + resultative


lupa

Aku sudah lupa yang dia sudah berpindah!


lah

له (Jawi)
la (alternative)
ah (alternative)

→ English: lah (or directly from Cantonese 啦 (laa¹))

Saya ada di sini lah.

Kau ni bodoh betul lah!

Diam lah!

Pergi sana lah!

(informal) Final particle indicating an imperative, reassurance or emphasis.


lah

(dialectal, informal, Kelantan-Pattani, Pahang, Perak, Terengganu) Used to invite someone to do something.


lah

burung lah (Jawi spelling بوروڠ له, plural burung-burung lah)

burung lah (canonical)
بوروڠ له (Jawi)
burung-burung lah (plural)
la (alternative)
ah (alternative)

A type of bird; Pitta brachyura cyanoptera.


ATM

Angkatan Tentera Malaysia
w:ms:Angkatan Tentera Malaysia

(Malaysia, military) Initialism of Angkatan Tentera Malaysia (“Malaysian Armed Forces”).


jam

> Indonesian: jam (inherited)

Baba Malay: jam

→ Iban: jam

→ Javanese: ꦗꦩ꧀ (jam)

→ Pattani Malay: جٍي / แยฺ (jɛ)

→ Tausug: jām

clock (instrument to measure or keep track of time)


hai

Hai orang-orang yang beriman!


hai

Hai, tengah buat apa ni?


bon

(finance) bond: documentary obligation to pay a sum or to perform a contract.


bom

Ultimately from Ancient Greek βόμβος (bómbos).


zon

زون (Jawi)
zon-zon (plural)
zona (alternative)


tuil

tuil (Jawi spelling توءيل, plural tuil-tuil)

From Proto-Malayic *tuil, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *tuil, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *tuil, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuil.


dik

Clipping of adik, from Proto-Malayic *adi-ʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *adi-ʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *wadi-ʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *huaji-q, from *huaji, from Proto-Austronesian *Suaji.


diem

From Proto-Malayic *hidəm, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hidəm.


Aaron

From English Aaron, from Latin Aaron, from Ancient Greek Ἀαρών (Aarṓn), from Hebrew אַהֲרֹן (ʾAhărōn). Doublet of Harun.


ada

اد (Jawi)
اد (alternative)
ade (alternative)

Indonesian: ada

From Proto-Malayic *ada, *ada-ʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *ada, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *wada, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wada.

Ada dua jalan untuk ke sekolah.

There are two routes for going to school.

Saya cuma ada satu pemadam.


agenda

agenda (Jawi spelling اݢيندا, plural agenda-agenda)


ajar

> Ambonese Malay: ajar (inherited)

> Indonesian: ajar (inherited)

→ Iban: ajar

Borrowed from Sanskrit आचार्य (ācārya, “teacher, master”). Doublet of acar, acara, and hajar.

bor+

pelajaran [causative passive + resultative

diajarkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


dengan

دڠن (Jawi)
dgn (alternative abbreviation)
ngan (alternative contraction)

> Indonesian: dengan (inherited)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dəŋan.
First attested in the Kedukan Bukit inscription, 683 CE, as [script needed] (daṅan).

inh+

Seperti kutahu, dari abad bahang ini, petaka mewabah
di dada manusia dengan harapan cacar-cacar,
menyambut dengan tangan sopak dan hati calar
semua ledakan keinginan dengan darah bara

2005 [1959 August 2], A. Samad Said, A. Samad Said: Sebuah antologi puisi yang menghimpunkan karya-karya selama setengah abad [A. Samad Said: An anthology of poems assembled from works spanning half a century], Utusan Publications, Tempat Lahir (Poem No. 58), page 85:

As I know, from this scorching century, disaster spreads
in the breasts of humans with everchanging hopes,
greets with vitiligous hands and scratched hearts
all thoughts exploding with raging blood


dengan

Di samping itu, perlawanan persahabatan di antara pemain-pemain Bulu Tangkis Pengguna Dewan Lambak Kanan Brunei Darussalam dengan Pasukan Bulu Tangkis Pejabat Residen Bintulu diadakan pada 8 April di Dewan Kelab Kidurong Bintulu dengan perlawanan dimenangi oleh pasukan dari Negara Brunei Darussalam dengan kiraan 13-1.

2017 April 12, Sim Y. H., “Erat silaturahim dengan sukan badminton [Strengthen bond of friendship through badminton sport]”, in Media Permata, archived from the original on 2018-10-24:

Besides that, the friendship tournament between players of the Badminton Users' of the Lambak Kanan Hall in Brunei Darussalam and the badminton team of the Residents' Office of Bintulu was held on the 8th of April at the Kidurong Club Hall of Bintulu and the match was won by the team from the country of Brunei Darussalam with a 13-1 score.


wanita

ms-noun

wanita (Jawi spelling وانيتا, plural wanita-wanita)

From Indonesian wanita, from Sanskrit वनिता (vanitā).


beli

Indonesian: beli

From Proto-Malayic *bəli, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *bəli, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *bəli, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəli, from Proto-Austronesian *bəli.


apa

From Proto-Malayic *apa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *apa (compare Maori aha).

Apa, itu jawapan yang betul?

What:
An expression of surprise or disbelief.

Apa? Aku ada hal lain lah.

What? I have other business to attend to.

What do you want? An abrupt, usually unfriendly enquiry as to what a person desires.

— Saya nak yang eerrrrrr mmmm ...
— Apa?

What did you say? I beg your pardon? This usage is often considered impolite, with the more polite "Maaf?" or "Sori?" preferred.

Dia, apa, doktor, kan?

Indicating a guess or approximation, or a pause to try to recall information.


apa

head

apa (Jawi spelling اڤ, formal interrogative form apakah)

اڤ (Jawi)
form apakah (formal interrogative)

Apa warna kegemaran kamu?

(interrogative) Used as an interrogative pronoun.

Aku tak dengar apa dia cakap.

What:
(relative) Used as a relative pronoun.

Apa kereta itu mahal?

Is that car expensive? (lit, "Is it the case that that car is expensive?"

(interrogative) Used to inquire about a fact; "is it the case that…", "is it that…".


apa

Indonesian: apa

→ Min Nan: 啊吧 (a-pā)

Ya apa tidak?


bapa

ms-noun

bapa (Jawi spelling باڤ, plural bapa-bapa)

From Old Javanese bapa, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *appa. Hoogervorst mentioned that the word was affixed as *ba- (“someone who fulfils the function of or behaves like”) + apak (“father”), which is a cognate of Tamil அப்பா (appā, “father”), and comparable to modern ber- + apak. See also Ashokan Prakrit *𑀩𑀸𑀧𑁆𑀧 (*bāppa, “father”).

ncog

bapa Daniel

Bapa Kemerdekaan

The founder of a cause, movement and so on.

A form of address to an older male person.


coklat

ms-noun

coklat (Jawi spelling چوکلت, plural coklat-coklat)

Borrowed from English chocolate, from Spanish chocolate, ultimately of Nahuatl origin (compare Indonesian cokelat).

sekeping coklat

Coklat dapat meningkatkan fungsi otak.

chocolate (food made from ground roasted cocoa beans)

warna coklat

chocolate (dark brown color similar to chocolate)


coklat

Indonesian: cokelat

→ Hokkien: coklat (Penang)

→ Ternate: coklat

kek coklat

chocolate (made of or containing chocolate)

pewarna coklat


baju

baju (Jawi spelling باجو, plural baju-baju)

Indonesian: baju

Peranakan Indonesian: bajoe

→ Balinese: ᬩᬚᬸ (baju)

desctree

→ Dutch: baadje
Afrikaans: baadjie
→ Shona: bhachi
→ Xhosa: ibhatyi
→ Zulu: ibhantshi
→ Papiamentu: bachi

→ English: baju

→ Ilocano: bado

→ Javanese: ꦧꦗꦸ (baju)

→ Minangkabau: baju

→ Pattani Malay: باجو / บายฺู (baju)

→ Remontado Agta: badu

→ Sundanese: baju

→ Tagalog: baro

→ Urak Lawoi': บายฺู (baju)

From Classical Persian بازو (bāzū, “upper arm”).


barat

Indonesian: barat

→ Central Melanau: barat

→ West Coast Bajau: barat

From Proto-Malayic *barat, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *habaʀat, from Proto-Austronesian *Sabaʀat.

The western world (usually written capitalized):

(politics) Western Europe and the United States.

orang barat

(Pahang, Kelantan) The state of Kelantan.


mau

(informal, auxiliary) contraction of mahu


tali

ms-noun

tali (Jawi spelling تالي, plural tali-tali)

Indonesian: tali

From Proto-Malayic *tali, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *talih (compare Chamorro tali, Fijian dali, Tagalog tali), from Proto-Austronesian *CaliS.


laki-laki

لاکي٢ (Jawi)
lelaki (alternative)
لاکي٢ (alternative)
للاکي (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian (compare Madurese lalake, Tagalog lalaki); Full reduplication of laki.


jantan

Indonesian: jantan

male (belonging or referring to the sex having the smaller gametes (of animals and plants))


betina

Indonesian: betina

From Proto-Malayic, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina (compare Fijian tina).

female (belonging to the sex with larger, fertilizable gametes (of animals and plants))


Belanda

> Indonesian: Belanda (inherited)

Makasar: Balanda

→ Acehnese: Blanda

→ Dhuwal: balanda

desctree

→ Dutch: Blanda, blanda
→ Sranan Tongo: Blanda

→ Iban: Belanda

→ Tausug: Balanda'

→ Thai: วิลันดา (wí-lan-daa)

From Javanese ꦮꦭꦤ꧀ꦢ (walanda), from Portuguese Holanda (“Holland”), from Old Dutch holt lant (“woodland”).

Holland (a traditional region of the Netherlands formed by two modern provinces, North Holland and South Holland)

Holland, the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe)


belajar

Indonesian: belajar


kamar

Indonesian: kamar
→ Petjo: kamar
→ Ternate: kamar

From Dutch kamer, from Middle Dutch camere, from Old Dutch *kamara, from Latin camera, from Ancient Greek καμάρα (kamára, “vault”), from Old Iranian, from Proto-Iranian *kamarā- (“something curved”), from *kamárati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kmárati, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂em- (“to bend, curve”). Attested in 1901. Doublet of kamera, kampus, and komrad.


kamar

Indonesian: kamar


kamar

From Persian کمر (kamar, “waist”), from Middle Persian [script needed] (kml /kamar/, “waist, belt, girdle”), 𐫞𐫖𐫡 (qmr /kamar/, “vault”) from Old Persian, from Proto-Iranian *kamarā- (“something curved”), from *kamárati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kmárati, from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂m-ér-e-ti, from *kh₂em- (“to bend, curve”). Doublet of kamera and kampus.


kuda

ms-noun

kuda (Jawi spelling کودا, plural kuda-kuda)

> Indonesian: kuda (inherited)

→ Bau Bidayuh: kuda

→ Maguindanao: kuda

→ Maranao: koda'

→ Central Melanau: kudak

→ Tetum: kuda

→ Tausug: kura'

Horsepower; a unit for measuring the power of an engine or motor.


waktu

waktu (Jawi spelling وقتو, plural waktu-waktu)

Indonesian: waktu

→ Ternate: waktu

time (time of day, as indicated by a clock, etc)

time (measurement under some system of the time of day or moment in time)

time (numerical indication of a particular moment in time)


duit

duit (Jawi spelling دوءيت, plural duit-duit)

Betawi: duit

desctree

Indonesian: duit, doeit (van Ophuijsen (1901–1947))
→ Petjo: doewit

→ Cantonese: 鐳 /镭 (leoi¹)

→ Hokkien: 鐳 /镭 (lui)

→ Teochew: 鐳 /镭 (lui¹)

Iban: duit

Borrowed from Dutch duit (“a small Dutch coin”).

Duit ringgit


Jerman

From English German, from Latin Germania.

Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany)


pisang

ms-noun

pisang (Jawi spelling ڤيسڠ, plural pisang-pisang)

→ Dutch: pisang
Afrikaans: piesang

Indonesian: pisang

→ Swedish: pisang

Compare Acehnese pisang, Banjarese pisang, Indonesian pisang.

Pisang ialah buah kegemaran saya.


pisang

ڤيسڠ (Jawi)
pishang (alternative)
pisyang (alternative)


ingat

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *iŋat, from Proto-Austronesian *iŋat. Compare with Urak Lawoi' อีงัยจ (ingac, “to think”).

Saya ingat hari ni tak ada kelas.

I thought there were no classes for today.


pulau

pulau (Jawi spelling ڤولاو, plural pulau-pulau)

Indonesian: pulau

zh-l

浮爐／浮炉 (phû-lô͘)

→ Min Nan: 浮爐／浮炉 (phû-lô͘)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pulaw. Compare Uneapa vulo (“land”).

island (area of land completely surrounded by water)


pulau

ڤولاو (Jawi)
palau (alternative colloquial nonstandard)

Aqil dipulau oleh rakan sekelasnya.

Aqil is being ostracised by his classmates.


jalang

ms-noun

jalang (Jawi spelling جالڠ, plural jalang-jalang)


kawan

kawan (Jawi spelling کاون, plural kawan-kawan)

کاون (Jawi)
kawan-kawan (plural)
کاون (alternative)

friend (person whose company one enjoys)


sahabat

sahabat (Jawi spelling صحابت, plural sahabat-sahabat)

bor

Arabic صَحَابَة (ṣaḥāba)

(historical, Islam) sahabah, companion of prophet Muhammad


kayu

From Proto-Malayic *kayu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kahiw, from Proto-Austronesian *kaSiw.
First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (kāyu).


kayu

Indonesian: kayu

Kuda kayu

someone who is stupid (lit. 'wooden horse')

(figurative) As if made of wood; moving awkwardly, or speaking with dull lack of emotion.


Rusia

Earlier spelt as رشيا (rushiya), borrowed from English Russia, from Medieval Latin Russi (“the people of Russia”), from Old East Slavic Русь (Rusĭ, “Rus”) (whence Arabic رُوس (rūs) and Byzantine Greek Ῥῶς (Rhôs)), which originally referred to a group of Varangians who established themselves near Kiev in the 9th century and ruled Kievan Rus; probably from Proto-Finnic *roocci, from Old East Norse *roþs- (“related to rowing”); related to Old Norse Roþrslandi (“the land of rowing”), an older name of Roslagen, where the Finns first encountered the Swedes. Ultimately from Old Norse róðr (“steering oar”), from Proto-Germanic *rōþrą (“rudder”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁- (“to row”).

der

Russia (a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


pendek

Indonesian: pendek

→ Cebuano: pandak

→ Tagalog: pandak

pedang pendek

orang pendek

Short:
Having a small height or stature.

cerita pendek


abu

Indonesian: abu

From Proto-Malayic *habu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qabu, from Proto-Austronesian *qabu.


abu

Indonesian: abu

(intransitive) to lose (of congkak and other games)


sudah

سوده (Jawi)
da (alternative)
dah (alternative)


sudah

Indonesian: sudah

⇒ North Moluccan Malay: so

Kamu sudah makan kah?


asing

> Indonesian: asing (inherited)

foreign (belonging to a different culture)

foreign (in a place where it does not belong)


tidak

تيدق (Jawi)
tak (alternative)
dak (alternative)
tdk (alternative)

From earlier tida, tiada with a vocative glottal stop, from Proto-Malayic *ti (“basic negator”) + *ada (“to exist”). Compare Malagasy tsy (“no”), tsiary (“no, not once”) and Musi tî', katî' (“to not have, there be no, nothing”). First attested in the Telaga Batu inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (tīda).

Saya tidak mahu makan.

Buku itu tidak mahal.


bumi

Indonesian: bumi

From Old Malay bhūmi (attested in the Kota Kapur inscription), from Sanskrit भूमि (bhūmi, “earth”).


tanah

ms-noun

tanah (Jawi spelling تانه, plural tanah-tanah)

Indonesian: tanah

Etymology tree
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tanəq
Proto-Malayic *tanah
Malay tanah
From Proto-Malayic *tanah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tanəq.


sebab

ms-noun

sebab (Jawi spelling سبب, plural sebab-sebab)

سبب (Jawi)
sebab-sebab (plural)
sbb (alternative)

Salah satu sebab peningkatan trend yang membimbangkan itu adalah amalan kurang aktif atau tidak aktif secara fizikal.

2018 April 16, Sim Y. H., “Kadar obesiti dicatatkan meningkat [Rate of obesity recorded to be increasing]”, in Media Permata, archived from the original on 2018-10-27:

One of the reasons for this increasingly worrying trend is the practice of being less active or physically unactive.

Apabila berhadapan dengan keadaan ini, antara sebab utama kerosakan yang berlaku diberi perhatian termasuk tekanan tayar depan terlalu rendah atau ukurannya tidak sama.

2018 October 8, “Tayar haus antara punca kenderaan bergetar [Worn-out tires among the reasons for trembling vehicle]”, in Media Permata, archived from the original on 2018-10-27:

When faced with this situation, one of the main reasons for the occurred damage [that should] be given attention include front tire pressure that is too low or tire measurements that are not same.


sebab

> Indonesian: sebab (inherited)

→ Central Dusun: sabab

→ Tausug: sabab

→ Brooke's Point Palawano: sabab

Dia pergi sebab kena paksa saja.

Saya bukan pejuang bahasa sebab tatabahasa saya pun adakalanya tidak betul. Saya sama sahaja dengan kebanyakan rakyat yang memerhatikan kemerosotan hari demi hari terhadap kedaulatan bahasa ibunda orang Melayu ini. Saya mungkin boleh tidak peduli soal martabat bahasa kebangsaan ini. Tetapi sayang, sebab saya adalah generasi pertama yang dibuat uji kaji penggunaan bahasa Melayu sepenuhnya dalam sistem pendidikan kebangsaan.

2018 March 4, Abdul Razak Idris, “Kenapa akronim tidak ikut bahasa Melayu? [Why are acronyms not based on the Malay language?]”, in Utusan Malaysia, archived from the original on 2018-03-05:

I am not a language fighter because my grammar is sometimes not right. I am the same as most citizens that are observing day-to-day deterioration of the sovereignty of the mother language of the Malay people. It is possible for me to be unconcerned about the issue of dignity of the national language. However, it is a pity, because I was the first generation that had to experiment with the full usage of the Malay language in the national education system.


hilang

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qilaŋ (“lose, disappear, be lost (as possessions)”).


hitam

Indonesian: hitam

From Proto-Malayic *hitəm, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)qitəm.

Orang itu memiliki kereta hitam.


hitam

ms-noun

hitam (Jawi spelling هيتم, plural hitam-hitam)

هيتم (Jawi)
hitam-hitam (plural)
itam (alternative)

Indonesian: hitam


hutan

hutan (Jawi spelling هوتن, plural hutan-hutan)

هوتن (Jawi)
hutan-hutan (plural)
utan (alternative)

> Indonesian: hutan (inherited)

From Proto-Malayic *hutan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qutan, from Proto-Austronesian *quCaN.

perhutanan [causative passive + repetition

menghutankan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dihutankan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


cinta

Cinta dan sejarah; mencakar langsir dan mencekau pintunya; menyembur bara mantera.

2005, A. Samad Said, A. Samad Said: Sebuah antologi puisi yang menghimpunkan karya-karya selama setengah abad [A. Samad Said: An anthology of poems assembled from works spanning half a century], Utusan Publications, page 253:

Love and history; scrapes the curtain and claws the door; casts a turbulent spell.

affection; feeling of love; strong attachment towards something

mencintai [agent focus + causative benefactive]

percintaan [causative passive + repetition


cinta

Indonesian: cinta

aku cinta padamu.


meja

meja (Jawi spelling ميجا, plural meja-meja)

> Indonesian: meja (inherited)

From Portuguese mesa (“table”), from Old Galician-Portuguese, from Latin mēnsa.


ahad

Indonesian: ahad

Borrowed from Arabic أَحَد (ʔaḥad). Doublet of Ahad.


amat

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *amat (“continuous, unceasing”).

inh

Persembahan itu amat menakjubkan!


ajaib

عجاءيب (Jawi)

miraculous (by supernatural or uncommon causes)


bagasi

ms-noun

bagasi (Jawi spelling بݢاسي, plural bagasi-bagasi)

storage space of a vehicle (of a motorcycle, car, etc.)


bangun

Indonesian: bangun

From Proto-Malayic *baŋun, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baŋun, from Proto-Austronesian *baŋuN.
First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (vaṅun) in the form [script needed] (marvvaṅun).

membangunkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

membanguni [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dibangunkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

memperbangunkan [causative agent focus + causative benefactive]

diperbangunkan [causative passive focus + causative benefactive]


beda

beda (Jawi spelling بيدا, plural beda-beda)

بيدا (Jawi)
beda-beda (plural)
beza (alternative)

From Sanskrit भेद (bheda, “contrast, distinction, difference”). Doublet of beza.

der

membedakan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

memperbedakan [causative agent focus + causative benefactive]

diperbedakan [causative passive focus + causative benefactive]


belum

بلوم (Jawi)
blm (alternative)
blom (alternative)

Indonesian: belum

North Moluccan Malay: bolóm

Saya belum tahu.


biasa

From Sanskrit अभ्यास (abhyāsa, “habit”).


binatang

ms-noun

binatang (Jawi spelling بيناتڠ, plural binatang-binatang)

بيناتڠ (Jawi)
binatang-binatang (plural)

Indonesian: binatang

→ Acehnese: binatang

→ Asilulu: binatang

→ Dairi Batak: binatang

→ Karo Batak: binatang

→ Toba Batak: binatang

→ Bintulu: binatang

→ Javanese: binatang, binantang

→ Lampung Api: binatang

→ Maguindanao: binatang

→ Mansaka: binatang

→ Pamona: binatangi, binata

→ Sangir: binatang

→ Sika: binatang

→ Simeulue: binatang

→ Sundanese: binatang

→ Tausug: binatang

→ Tiruray: binatang

→ Tetum: binatan

→ Iban: binatang

→ Western Bukidnon Manobo: binatang

→ Maranao: binatang

→ Mongondow: binatang


binatang

بيناتڠ (Jawi)


nya

Adam nya buku


nya

The 36th letter of the Jawi script which represents the [ɲ] sound; ڽ.


dan

Indonesian: dan

and (used to connect two similar words, phrases, et cetera)


enam

انم (Jawi)
ĕnam (alternative)
anam (alternative)
ănam (alternative)
nam (alternative)

Indonesian: enam

North Moluccan Malay: anam

From Proto-Malayic *ənəm, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ənəm, from Proto-Austronesian *ənəm.


gila

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gila (“wild; skittish; insane”).
First attested in the Kota Kapur inscription, 686 CE, as Old Malay [script needed] (gīla).

inh

Kau gila ke?!

Having a brain condition or illness (related to thought or memory).

harga gila


gila

Indonesian: gila

→ English: gila

gila kereta

tiap gila tiap berkongkong, tiap mandi tiap bergosok


gila

Hebat gila pelari tu!


hamba

ms-noun

hamba (Jawi spelling همبا, plural hamba-hamba)

همبا (Jawi)
hamba-hamba (plural)
ambo (alternative pronunciation-spelling)
ambe (alternative pronunciation-spelling)

Borrowed from Sanskrit हम्भाय (hambhāya, “low”), compare to Sanskrit हंबतारा (haṃbatārā, “good man”).

cog

Bermula orang yang empunya hamba-hamba itu kelakuannya seperti binatang yang tiada bermalu dan tiada takut kepada Allah.

1849, Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir, Hikayat Abdullah, page 250:

The slave owners began behaving like shameless animals that do not fear God.


hamba

همبا (Jawi)
ambo (alternative pronunciation-spelling)
ambe (alternative pronunciation-spelling)

Indonesian: hamba

(dialectal, Kelantan-Pattani, Negeri Sembilan, Terengganu) I (me, my).

kau-

informal/towards God; friendly/older towards younger


makan

> Indonesian: makan (inherited)

desc

> North Moluccan Malay: makang (inherited)

From Proto-Malayic *makan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaən, from Proto-Austronesian *kaən.
First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (mākan) in the form nimākan (current spelling dimakan).

memakankan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dimakankan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

(transitive) to consume, spend, use up (of money, time)

Besi itu dimakan karat

(transitive, sports) to kill, to take out (of chess pieces)

(impersonal) to work as expected (usually of a machine part)

(figurative) to receive bribes or illegally obtained money


makan

Clipping of makanan (literally “food, meal”).


tinggi

Indonesian: tinggi

Possibly from Sanskrit तुङ्ग (tuṅga, “high”).

setinggi-tinggi [reduplication + comparability]

meninggikan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

ditinggikan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


tujuh

توجوه (Jawi)
tujoh (alternative dialectal)

Indonesian: tujuh

North Moluccan Malay: tuju

Johor, Riau-Lingga, Northern Peninsular Malay

From Proto-Malayic *tujuh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuzuq (“to indicate, point”), from Proto-Austronesian *tuzuq (“to point at, point out; give directions”). Doublet of tunjuk.


kaki

ms-noun

kaki (Jawi spelling کاکي, plural kaki-kaki)

From Proto-Malayic *kaki from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaqay (compare Cia-Cia kake), from Proto-Austronesian *qaqay. Change from *q to *k is irregular, the expected reflex would be *hahai or *hahi.

gelang kaki: anklet

mata kaki: ankle

kaki langit: horizon

kaki gunung: base of a mountain

kaki dadih: whey

kaki meja: table leg

a short foot-like projection on the bottom of an object to support it.

kaki wayang: cinephile

kaki botol: drunkard

(in compounds) person with an affinity to something


kaki

ms-classifier

kaki (Jawi spelling کاکي, singular sekaki)

Indonesian: kaki

→ Acehnese: gaki

→ Banjarese: kaki

→ Min Nan: 腳距／脚距 (kioh-kī)

Classifier for items with a long base and a blooming or rising head such as flowers, umbrellas or mushrooms


kaki

Diospyros kaki
Diospyros kaki#Translingual

Ellipsis of pisang kaki — persimmon, more specifically the Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki).


lagi

لاݢي (Jawi)
lg (alternative)
agik (alternative dialectal)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laɡi (emphatic particle). Cognate with Javanese lagi and Cebuano lagi.


lagi

Indonesian: lagi

→ Tagalog: lagi


muka

ms-noun

muka (Jawi spelling موک, plural muka-muka)

Indonesian: muka

→ Urak Lawoi': มูคา (mukha)

Borrowed from Sanskrit मुख (mukha). Displaced earlier muha regular reflex of Proto-Malayic *muha (“face; front”); and dahi (now meaning “forehead”) from Proto-Malayic *dahi from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daqih from Proto-Austronesian *daqiS (“forehead; face”).

inh

habitual + agent focus + causative benefactive]


panjang

Panjangnya barisan tu!


yang

يڠ (Jawi)
yg (alternative)
iang (alternative)
nyang (alternative)

First attested in the Kedukan Bukit inscription, 683 CE, as Old Malay [script needed] (yaṃ).

yang merah

Aku suka yang merah saja.

An article that denotes a noun with the connecting description.


yang

kapal yang besar

Used to show that the following explanatory words are given importance or denotes a difference, similar to English relative that, which and who.

Adam tahu yang sebenarnya bukan dia yang menang.

Adam knows that it actually wasn't him who won.

(informal) Used to state the content or an explanation of the preceding word or sentence, similar to English conjunctive that.

Ramai orang yang ingin meminta autograf pelakon itu.

Many people wanted to ask for the actor's autograph.

Used to show that the following words or sentences are an explanation of the preceding words.


yang

يڠ (Jawi)
hiang (alternative)
yang-yang (alternative)

Clipping of hiang, from Proto-Malayic *hiaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *hiaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *hiaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qiaŋ.


yang

يڠ (Jawi)
ayang (alternative)
sayang (alternative)

Yang, kat mana kita nak makan malam ni?

A title of address for a romantic partner, equivalent to English dear and honey.


yang

(colloquial) A title of little distinction.

(Pahang, Johor) A feminine titular prefix.


member

ms-noun

mémber (Jawi spelling ميمبر, plural member-member)

mémber (canonical)
ميمبر (Jawi)
member-member (plural)
mmber (alternative Internet)

Borrowed from English member, from Middle English membre, from Old French membre, from Latin membrum (“limb, body part”), from Proto-Italic *memzrom, from Proto-Indo-European *mḗms, *mēms-rom (“flesh”).

der

Member ajak lepak jap.

A friend invited me to hang out for a bit.


tri-

From tri, from Sanskrit त्रि (tri), from Proto-Indo-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.


cabut

Indonesian: cabut

North Moluccan Malay: cabu

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *cabut (“pull out with force”).


dengar

Ambonese Malay: dangar

Indonesian: dêngar

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *dəŋər, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dəŋəʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *dəŋəʀ.

dengar-dengaran [reduplication + repetition

mendengarkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

mendengari [agent focus + causative benefactive]

didengarkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

didengari [patient focus + causative benefactive]


kecil

کچيل (Jawi)
kecik (alternative)
kacik (alternative archaic)
kache (alternative archaic)

Bola kecil

mengecilkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dikecilkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


engkau

اڠکاو (Jawi)
kau (alternative)
kau- (alternative)
-kau (alternative)
dikau (alternative)

From Proto-Malayic *kau, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *i-kahu, from Proto-Austronesian *i-kaSu. The eng- component is epenthetical to avoid a monosyllabic pronunciation.


GPS

Gabungan Parti Sarawak
w:ms:Gabungan Parti Sarawak

(Malaysian politics) Initialism of Gabungan Parti Sarawak (“Sarawak Parties Alliance”).


uterus

ms-noun

uterus (Jawi spelling اوتروس, plural uterus-uterus)

اوتروس (Jawi)
uterus-uterus (plural)
utèrus (alternative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *úd
Proto-Indo-European *-teros
Proto-Indo-European *úderos
Latin uterusder.
Malay uterus
From Latin uterus (“womb, belly”).


hotel

hotel (establishment that provides accommodation for paying guests)


tera

ms-noun

tera (Jawi spelling ترا, plural tera-tera)

Tera rasmi kerajaan


bi-

bi- + adab (“manners”) → biadab (“impolite”)

-less; prefix expressing the lack of the root word.


bi-

bienial


bapak

bapak (Jawi spelling باڤق, plural bapak-bapak)

باڤق (Jawi)
bapak-bapak (plural)
pak (alternative clipping)

Variant of bapa, from Old Javanese bapa, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *appa. Doublet of bapa. Hoogervorst mentioned that the word was affixed as *ba- (“someone who fulfils the function of or behaves like”) + apak (“father”), which is cognate of Tamil அப்பா (appā, “father”), and comparable to modern ber- + apak. See also Ashokan Prakrit *𑀩𑀸𑀧𑁆𑀧 (*bāppa, “father”).


bapak

Bapak laju kereta tu!


celana

ms-noun

celana (Jawi spelling چلان, plural celana-celana)

چلان (Jawi)
celana-celana (plural)
chelana (alternative)

Indonesian: celana
→ Ternate: calana

→ Sabah Malay: salana

Kaum ibu dan wanita2 Melayu sa-tempat hari ini telah mengalu2kan larangan terhadap isteri2 tentera Inggeris di-sini supaya jangan memakai chelana pendek ketika keluar rumah.

1962 April 1, “Larangan 'chelana pendek' di-alu2kan”, in Berita Harian (Singapore):


perempuan

ڤرمڤوان (Jawi)

female (belonging to the sex with larger, fertilizable gametes (of humans))


pasir

pasir (Jawi spelling ڤاسير, plural pasir-pasir)

> Indonesian: pasir (inherited)

→ Chewong: pasir

→ Malagasy: fasika

→ Pangutaran Sama: pasil

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *pasir, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pasiʀ (“sandbank, shoal in river or sea”). Cognate with Tagalog pasig (“a river that flows into the sea; sandy bank of a river”).


kaula

(Javanese, possibly obsolete) I (me, my)


massa

Borrowed from Indonesian massa, from Dutch massa from Middle Dutch masse, from Old French attested from the 11th century, via late Latin massa (“lump, dough”), from Ancient Greek μᾶζα (mâza, “barley-cake, lump (of dough)”). The Greek noun is derived from the verb μάσσω (mássō, “to knead”), ultimately from a Proto-Indo-European *maǵ- (“to oil, knead”). The standard spelling retains the double S to avoid confusion with masa (time).

der

pergerakan massa

A large body of individuals, especially persons.

(physics) A quantity of matter cohering together so as to make one body, or an aggregation of particles or things which collectively make one body or quantity, usually of considerable size.

(physics) A measure of the inertia of a mass of matter, one of four fundamental properties of matter. SI unit of mass: kilogram.


anak

ms-noun

anak (Jawi spelling انق, plural anak-anak)

Indonesian: anak

From Classical Malay انق (anak), from Proto-Malayic *anak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *anak, from Proto-Austronesian *aNak.

child (a female or male child, a daughter or son)


tinggal

> Indonesian: tinggal (inherited)

Aku tertinggal fon aku kat rumah nenek aku.

I accidentally left my phone at my granny's house.

.ساي تيڠڬل د راوڠ

to live; to make one's home at a particular place


beliau

Indonesian: beliau

Uncertain, probably from Malay belia (“young”), from Sanskrit बाल्य (bālya, “relating to children”).
* Originally used to refer to someone who the speaker did not want to name. The word undergoes amelioration, but the reduplicated form (beliau-beliau) for plural pronoun still preserved the original meaning of "undesirable third persons" used as pejoration.

der

(honorific) he, she (someone highly respected or of high status)


di

head

di (Jawi spelling before consonant-initial words د, Jawi spelling before vowel-initial words دأ)

before consonant-initial words د (Jawi)
before vowel-initial words دأ (Jawi)

First attested in the Kedukan Bukit inscription, 683AD. From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *di, *i, from Proto-Austronesian *di, *i.

di Kuala Lumpur

di sekolah

di atas jalan


di

The name of the Latin-script letter D/d.


mahal

Indonesian: mahal (“expensive”)

desctree

→ Tagalog: mahal (“dear, precious; expensive”)
→ Bikol Central: mahal (“dear, expensive”)
→ Cebuano: mahal (“dear, expensive”)

→ Waray-Waray: mahál (“expensive”)


harga

ms-noun

harga (Jawi spelling هرݢ, plural harga-harga)

Indonesian: harga

→ Bikol Central: halaga

→ Iban: rega

→ Lao: ລາຄາ (lā khā)

→ Maguindanao: arga

→ Tagalog: halaga

→ Tausug: halga'

→ Thai: ราคา (raa-kaa)

→ Waray-Waray: halaga

Borrowed from Sanskrit अर्घ (argha). Doublet of rega.

menghargakan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

menghargai [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dihargakan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

dihargai [patient focus + causative benefactive]

terhargakan [agentless action + causative benefactive]

terhargai [agentless action + causative benefactive]


bunuh

> Indonesian: bunuh (inherited)

desc

> Peranakan Indonesian: boenoe (inherited)

From Proto-Malayic *bunuh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bunuq, from Proto-Austronesian *buNuq.
First attested in the Telaga Batu inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay वुनुः (vunuḥ), in inflected form nivunuh (current spelling dibunuh).

berbunuh-bunuhan [reduplication + stative


kamu

From Proto-Malayic *kamu(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kamu, *kamiu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kamu, *kamiu.
First attested in the Telaga Batu inscription, 683 CE, as Old Malay [script needed] (kamu).


membunuh

ممبونوه (Jawi)


pembunuh

ms-noun

pembunuh (Jawi spelling ڤمبونوه, plural pembunuh-pembunuh)

ڤمبونوه (Jawi)
pembunuh-pembunuh (plural)

killer (person who kills), murderer (person who commits murder)


cacing

cacing (Jawi spelling چاچيڠ, plural cacing-cacing)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *caciŋ (“kind of worm”).


acara

ms-noun

acara (Jawi spelling اچارا, plural acara-acara)

From Sanskrit आचार (ācāra), from the root चर् (car), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to move; to turn (around)”).
* The sense of procedure (law) is a semantic loan from Indonesian acara (“court examination”).

sl

event (occurrence of social or personal importance)

Kanun Acara Jenayah


amuk

> Indonesian: amuk (inherited)

desctree

→ Dutch: amok
→ Danish: amok (or through English amok)

→ Japanese: アモック (amokku)

→ Korean: 아묵 (amuk)

→ Portuguese: amouco

→ English: amok, amuck, amock
→ Cebuano: amok
→ Czech: amok
→ Danish: amok (or directly from Dutch amok)
→ Finnish: amok
→ German: Amok
→ Hebrew: אמוק (ámok)
→ Polish: amok
→ Norwegian: amok
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: амок
Latin script: amok
→ Swedish: amok

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦩꦸꦏ꧀ (amuk), from Old Javanese amuk.


anda

From Indonesian Anda, from -anda, from -nda.

Anda siapa?


antologi

From English anthology, from Ancient Greek ἀνθολογία (anthología, “collection of flowers”).

der

anthology (collection of literary works)


atas

Indonesian: atas

→ English: atas

From Proto-Malayic *atas, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *atas (compare Tagalog taas), from Proto-Austronesian *aCas.

mengatasi [agent focus + causative benefactive]

mengataskan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

Kami mengucapkan terima kasih atas kerjasama anda.

We would like to express our gratitude for your cooperation.

Dia tidak dapat menyertai pertandingan atas masalah kesihatan.

He cannot participate in the competition due to health issues.


baca

Indonesian: baca

→ Cebuano: basa

→ Hiligaynon: bása

→ Ilocano: bása

→ Minangkabau: baco

→ Sundanese: baca

→ Tagalog: basa

→ Urak Lawoi': บาจา (baca)


bagi

Clipping of bahagi, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baqagi (“share, portion, inheritance; to allot, divide property”).

inh

Ayah bagi aku pinjam motor dia pusing jalan-jalan, kau nak ikut tak?

Dad's letting me borrow his bike for a spin, wanna come along?


bagus

From Proto-Malayic *bagus, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *bagus, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bagus.

handsome (of man: agreeable to the eye or to correct taste)


besi

بسي (Jawi)
basi (alternative)
بسي (alternative)

→ Dairi Batak: besi

→ Karo Batak: besi

→ Toba Batak: bosi / ᯅᯬᯘᯪ

→ Bau Bidayuh: bosi

→ Bilba: besi

→ Bima: βesi

→ Buginese: bessi

Indonesian: besi

→ Old Javanese: wesi

Javanese: ꦮꦼꦱꦶ (wesi)

→ Kambera: báhi

→ Komodo: besi

→ Makasar: bassi

→ Malagasy: vy

→ Mandar: bassi

→ Manggarai: besi

→ Ngaju: wasi

→ Rejang: besey

→ Rembong: besi

→ Sundanese: ᮘᮩᮞᮤ (beusi)

→ Tae': bassi

→ Tausug: basi'

→ Tetum: besi

From Proto-Malayic *bəsi, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *bəsi.

(physics, chemistry, metallurgy) iron (element)


bicara

Indonesian: bicara

desctree

→ Dutch: pitsjaren, pasjaren
→ Danish: passiare
→ Norwegian: passiare
→ Swedish: passiare

→ Maranao: bitiyara

→ Tausug: bissara

Borrowed from Sanskrit विचार (vicāra, “thought, discussion”).


bukan

بوکن (Jawi)
bkn (alternative Internet)
bu'kan (alternative dated)

Indonesian: bukan

North Moluccan Malay: bukang

Ini bukan saya punya.

Barang ini bukan untuk dijual.

Cantik bukan baju ini?


buruk

→ Cebuano: bulok

→ Tagalog: bulok

Indonesian: buruk

From Proto-Malayic *buruk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buʀuk, from Proto-Austronesian *buʀuk (“rotten; bad character”).

inh

seburuk-buruk [reduplication + comparability]

memburukkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

diburukkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

memperburukkan [causative agent focus + causative benefactive]

diperburukkan [causative passive focus + causative benefactive]


busuk

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *busuk (“decayed, rotten, putrid; stinking”). Cognate with Javanese bosok.


catur

From Sanskrit चतुर् (catur), from Proto-Indo-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres.


catur

ms-noun

catur (Jawi spelling چاتور, plural catur-catur)

چاتور (Jawi)
catur-catur (plural)
chator (alternative)

> Indonesian: catur (inherited)

→ Maguindanao: satol

→ Maranao: sator

→ Tagalog: satol

→ Tausug: sattul

From Sanskrit चतुरङ्ग (caturaṅga), related to etymology 1.

percaturan [causative passive + resultative

dicaturkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

mempercaturkan [causative agent focus + causative benefactive]


cuci

From Tamil சுசி (cuci, “cleanliness purity, ceremonial purification”), from Pali suci (“clean, pure”), from Sanskrit शुचि (śuci, “clean, pure”). Doublet of suci.


cuti

ms-noun

cuti (Jawi spelling چوتي, plural cuti-cuti)

Indonesian: cuti

From Hindi छुट्टी (chuṭṭī, “release; leave; holiday, vacation; break”).


daku

داکو (Jawi)
aku (alternative)
ku (alternative)
ku- (alternative)
-ku (alternative)

Variant of aku, from Proto-Malayic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.


datar

Indonesian: datar

From Proto-Malayic *datar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dataʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *dataʀ. Doublet of rata.


fasih

Indonesian: fasih


anti-

From Dutch anti-, from Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”).

Antikomunisme

Anti-Amerika


abang

ms-noun

abang (Jawi spelling ابڠ, plural abang-abang)

ابڠ (Jawi)
abang-abang (plural)
bang (alternative)
bung (alternative)

Malay: Bang, abam

Indonesian: abang

→ Min Nan: 阿班 (a-pan)

→ Thai: บัง (bang)

From Classical Malay ابڠ (abang), from Old Malay habaŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *abaŋ (*aba + *-ŋ), *aba (“father”). Doublet of awang. Sense of older sister in south of the Peninsular and Riau displaced by kakak.

(obsolete, Johor, Riau) - older sister or female sibling, ellipsis of abang perempuan

form of address to a male a little older than oneself, but sometimes also to an elder son.

form of address used by a wife to a husband.


و

The thirtieth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Arabic script.

ا

Arabic script letters (alphabet appendix, script appendix)


شمس

شمس (plural شمس-شمس or شمس٢)


سوريا

Jawi spelling of suria.: Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


مسجد

مسجد (plural مسجد-مسجد or مسجد٢)


حمار

حمار (plural حمار-حمار or حمار٢)


سنت

سنت (plural سنت-سنت or سنت٢)


lok

From Javanese ꦭꦸꦏ꧀ (luk), from Old Javanese eluk.

crooked (having one or more bends or angles)


carta

carta (Jawi spelling چرتا, plural carta-carta)

From English chart, from Middle French charte (“card, map”), from Late Latin charta (“paper, card, map”), Latin charta (“papyrus, writing”), from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs, “papyrus, thin sheet”). Doublet of kad and kertas.


dos

دوس (Jawi)
dos-dos (plural)
dosis (alternative)


dos

From Dutch doos, from Middle Dutch dose (since 1361), probably from Latin dosis (“the small box in which a dose of medication was given”).


obor

ms-noun

obor (Jawi spelling اوبور, plural obor-obor)

Indonesian: obor


tele-

Borrowed from English tele- or Dutch tele-.

telefon

telekomunikasi

televisyen


bio-

Borrowed from English bio-. From Ancient Greek βιο- (bio-), combining form and stem of βίος (bíos, “life”).


siapa

سياڤا (Jawi)
sape (alternative colloquial pronunciation-spelling)

Indonesian: siapa

From Proto-Malayic *si-apa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian [Term?]. May be analysed as si + apa (“what”).
Compare with Pangasinan siopa.

Siapa itu?

Ini baju siapa?

Siapa nama kamu?

Nama budak tu siapa?

what (when enquiring about someone's name)


liter

From English litre, liter, from French litre, from Medieval Latin litra, from Ancient Greek λίτρα (lítra, “a Sicilian coin, a measure of weight”). Related to Latin libra.

der

The metric unit of fluid measure, equal to one cubic decimetre; litre, liter.