س

se (Rumi)
esa (alternative)
ĕsă (alternative)
se (alternative)
se- (alternative)
sĕ (alternative)
sĕ- (alternative)
sa (alternative)
sa- (alternative)
să (alternative)
să- (alternative)
اسا (alternative)

Shortened form of اسا, from Proto-Malayic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.


ش

head

ش / ش / ش / ش

ش / ش / ش / ش

The fourteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Arabic script.

ا

Arabic script letters (alphabet appendix, script appendix)


ص

ص / ص / ص / ص

ص / ص / ص / ص

The fifteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Arabic script.


ض

ض / ض / ض / ض

ض / ض / ض / ض

The sixteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Arabic script.


ط

ط / ط / ط / ط

ط / ط / ط / ط

The seventeenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Arabic script.


ظ

ظ / ظ / ظ / ظ

ظ / ظ / ظ / ظ

The eighteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Arabic script.


ع

ع / ع / ع / ع

ع / ع / ع / ع

The nineteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Arabic script.


غ

غ / غ / غ / غ

غ / غ / غ / غ

The twentieth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Arabic script.


ف

ف / ف / ف / ف

ف / ف / ف / ف

The twenty-second letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Arabic script.


ق

ق / ق / ق / ق

ق / ق / ق / ق

The twenty-fourth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Arabic script.


ك

ك / كـ / ـكـ / ـك

ك / كـ / ـكـ / ـك

كـ (canonical)
ـكـ (canonical)
ـك (canonical)
ک (alternative)


ک

ک / ﮐـ / ـﮑـ / ـﮏ

ک / ﮐـ / ـﮑـ / ـﮏ

ﮐـ (canonical)
ـﮑـ (canonical)
ـﮏ (canonical)
ك (alternative)

The twenty-fifth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Arabic script.


ک

ساي ڤرݢي کسکوله.


ل

ل / ل / ل / ل

ل / ل / ل / ل

The twenty-seventh letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Arabic script.


م

م / مـ / ـمـ / ـم

م / مـ / ـمـ / ـم

مـ (canonical)
ـمـ (canonical)
ـم (canonical)

The twenty-eighth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Arabic script.


ن

ن / ن / ن / ن

ن / ن / ن / ن

The twenty-ninth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Arabic script.


ه

ه / هـ / ـهـ / ـه

ه / هـ / ـهـ / ـه

هـ (canonical)
ـهـ (canonical)
ـه (canonical)

The thirty-second letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Arabic script.


ي

ي / يـ / ـيـ / ـي

ي / يـ / ـيـ / ـي

يـ (canonical)
ـيـ (canonical)
ـي (canonical)

The thirty-fourth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Arabic script.


abjad

ms-noun

abjad (Jawi spelling ابجد, plural abjad-abjad)

Indonesian: abjad

abjad Inggeris

An ordered set of letters used in a language; an alphabet.

(linguistics) A writing system where all the letters only represents consonants.

An abjad:
The Arabic abjad numeral system.


Ahmad

احمد (Jawi)
Mat (alternative abbreviation)
Md (alternative abbreviation)

From Arabic أَحْمَد (ʔaḥmad), from حَمِدَ (ḥamida, “to thank or to praise”).


ريال

ريال (plural ريال-ريال or ريال٢)


rial

Indonesian: rial

Borrowed from Portuguese real, from Latin rēgālis (“royal”), from rēx (“king”) + -ālis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs (“ruler, king”).

der

"دلافن دان انم بلس اورڠ سهيا دلافن دان انم بلس اورڠ سهيا دلافن لاکي٢دلافن فرمفوان کمودين فول سريبوريل"
“delapan dan enam belas orang sahaya delapan dan enam belas orang sahaya delapan laki-laki delapan perempuan kemudian pula seribu rial"

1837, Abdullah Abdul Kadir, The customs of the Malay kings especially concerning child birth, section 41:

(Kelantan-Pattani) ringgit (Malaysian unit of currency)

a unit of measurement of weight equalling roughly 20 grams


کو

kau-

informal/towards God; friendly/older towards younger


balang

ms-noun

balang (Jawi spelling بالڠ, plural balang-balang)


paling

Indonesian: paling


مکتب

مکتب (plural مکتب-مکتب or مکتب٢)


dalang

dalang (Jawi spelling دالڠ, plural dalang-dalang)

Indonesian: dalang

mendalangkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

mendalangi [agent focus + causative benefactive]

didalangkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

didalangi [patient focus + causative benefactive]


guni

guni (Jawi spelling ݢوني, plural guni-guni)

From Sanskrit गोणी (goṇī́, “sack”), from Dravidian.


baring

berbaring (used-in-the-form)
باريڠ (Jawi)
bareng (alternative)
guring (alternative)


kem

kém (canonical)
کيم (Jawi)
kem-kem (plural)


ijazah

ijazah (Jawi spelling اجازه, plural ijazah-ijazah)

desc

Indonesian: ijazah, idjazah (1901–1947), ijaza (rare), ijasah

A certificate usually been used for Bachelor's degree (Ijazah Sarjana Muda) and Master's degree (Ijazah Sarjana).


delapan

دلاڤن (Jawi)
lapan (alternative)
dĕlapan (alternative)

From Proto-Malayic *dua(ʔ) alap-an, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian [Term?], from Proto-Austronesian *alap (“fetch, get, take”). Doublet of alap.


mangan

Indirectly from Italian manganese, alteration of Latin magnesia, from Ancient Greek μαγνησία (magnēsía), after Μαγνησία (Magnēsía).


Timor

From timur (“east”), from Proto-Malayic *timur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *timuʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *timuʀ.


jawi

ms-noun

jawi (Jawi spelling جاوي, plural jawi-jawi)


individu

individu (Jawi spelling اينديۏيدو, plural individu-individu)

اينديۏيدو (Jawi)
individu-individu (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch individu, from French individu, itself borrowed from Medieval Latin individuum.


دنيا

دنيا (plural دنيا-دنيا or دنيا٢)


amah

amah (Jawi spelling امه, plural amah-amah)

Indonesian: amah


ă

(obsolete) The second letter of the 1927 – 1972 Malay alphabet, written in Latin script.


tentang

Indonesian: tentang


قطب

قطب (plural قطب-قطب or قطب٢)


renga

renga (Jawi spelling رڠا, plural renga-renga)


cincin

cincin (Jawi spelling چينچين, plural cincin-cincin)

From Chinese [Term?] as per Blust (2010-), possibly Hokkien 手指 (chhiú-chí / chhiú-chái / chhiú-cháiⁿ). Compare Indonesian cincin (“ring”), Brunei Malay cincin (“ring”), Tagalog singsing (“ring”), Ilocano singsing (“ring”), Maranao sising (“ring”), Tausug singsing (“ring”),Khmer ចិញ្ចៀន (ceñciən, “ring”), etc.


agar-agar

Indonesian: agar-agar

Kristang: agar-agar

→ English: agar-agar

→ Finnish: agar-agar

→ Portuguese: agar-agar

→ Spanish: agar-agar

→ Tausug: agal-agal

agar (a material obtained from a marine alga), agar-agar


zaman

Indonesian: zaman

age (particular period of time in history)


gaun

ms-noun

gaun (Jawi spelling ݢاءون, plural gaun-gaun)


Meriam

From Arabic مَرْيَم (maryam). Doublet of Maryam, Mariam, and Maria.

a female given name, Miriam, from Arabic, equivalent to English Mary


telinga

telinga (Jawi spelling تليڠا, plural telinga-telinga)

Indonesian: telinga

From Proto-Malayic *tAliŋa(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taliŋa, from Proto-Austronesian *Caliŋa.


jari

jari (Jawi spelling جاري, plural jari-jari)

Indonesian: jari

→ Acehnese: jaroe

→ Min Nan: 惹𨁫 (jiá-lí)

→ Semai: jariiq


ibu jari

ايبو جاري (Jawi)

Compound of ibu (“mother”) + jari (“finger”).


kanak

From Proto-Malayic *anak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *anak, from Proto-Austronesian *aNak.


adalah

Ini adalah benar.


berada

Indonesian: berada

Rumah saya berada di pantai selatan.

Saya berada di Kuala Lumpur.


duduk

From Proto-Malayic *duduk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dukduk.


duduk

ms-verb

duduk (Jawi spelling دودوق, intransitive)

Indonesian: duduk

timpuh

to sit on the floor in a kneeling position

to sit (to be in a position in which the upper body is upright and the legs are supported)

Tetapi terkadang-kadang Abu terasa juga duduk di rumah ada baiknya. Nenek makin rapat dengannya.

2011, A. Samad Said, “Bab 5: Biar Lambat Asal Selamat [Chapter 5: Better Safe Than Sorry]”, in Rumah Rahsia [Secret House], PTS Fortuna Sdn. Bhd., page 37:

However, once in a while Abu also felt that staying at home has its benefits. Grandma would become closer with him.

to sink to the bottom (of sediments of tea, coffee, etc.)

Cikgu peribadinya duduk mengajar sahaja walaupun dia sudah kelihatan mengantuk.

Her personal teacher just kept on teaching even though she had already seemed sleepy.


rami

Indonesian: rami

→ English: ramie

Compare Javanese rami, Sundanese haramay.

Boehmeria nivea
Boehmeria nivea#Translingual


glob

From English globe, from late Middle English globe, from Middle French globe, from Old French globe, from Latin globus.


perut

ms-noun

perut (Jawi spelling ڤروت, plural perut-perut)

From Proto-Malayic *pərut, from East Austroasiatic. Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *ruuc ~ *ruəc (“intestine”), whence Proto-Bahnaric *prɔːc.


tenggara

تڠݢارا (Jawi)

From Malayalam തെൻകര (teṉkara, “southeast”).

Asia Tenggara


masih

Indonesian: masih

Kedai masih terbuka.


(text messaging) An onomatopoeic representation of laughter; "hahaha".


kening

ms-noun

kening (Jawi spelling کنيڠ, plural kening-kening)

eyebrow (hair that grows over the bone ridge above the eye socket)


bota

bota (Jawi spelling بوتا, plural bota-bota)

بوتا (Jawi)
bota-bota (plural)
buta (alternative)

> Indonesian: bota (inherited)


bebas

Indonesian: bebas

“.. Akan tetapi, bukankah aku sudah melepaskanmu dan menyuruhmu terbang bebas? ..”

Nevertheless, have I not already let go of you, and told you to fly free?


beban

beban (Jawi spelling ببن or بيبن, plural beban-beban)

ببن (Jawi)
بيبن (Jawi)
beban-beban (plural)

Indonesian: beban

load (in vehicles or on back or shoulders)


teknologi

téknologi (Jawi spelling تيکنولوݢي, plural teknologi-teknologi)

téknologi (canonical)
تيکنولوݢي (Jawi)
teknologi-teknologi (plural)


arar

arar (Jawi spelling عرعر, plural arar-arar)

Borrowed from Arabic عَرْعَر (ʕarʕar) analogue to Hebrew ערער (ar'ar).


balar

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balaR. Cognate with Maori para (“turned yellow, sere, discoloured”).

cog

(especially of a water buffalo) Albino; congenital lacking melanin pigmentation in the skin, eyes, and hair or feathers (or more rarely only in the eyes).


abras

From Arabic أَبْرَص (ʔabraṣ, “leprous”).


abras

ms-noun

abras (Jawi spelling ابرس, plural abras-abras)

Mycobacterium leprae
Mycobacterium leprae#Translingual

(rare, pathology, medicine) An infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae, gradually producing nerve damage and patches of skin necrosis and historically handled by permanently quarantining its sufferers; leprosy.


koc

A train coach or carriage; a passenger car, either drawn by a locomotive or part of a multiple unit.

A bus coach; a bus for long-distance journeys or travels.


amaran

amaran (Jawi spelling امرن, plural amaran-amaran)


aren

aren (Jawi spelling ارين, plural aren-aren)

Arenga pinnata
Arenga pinnata#Translingual


balas

Indonesian: balas

From Proto-Austronesian *baləs (“to answer, retaliate; reciprocate good or evil”). Cognate with Malagasy valy and Javanese wales.

inh

Anton membalas pertanyaan itu dengan perasaan penuh yakin.

Anton answered the question with full confindence.


batas

ms-noun

batas (Jawi spelling باتس, plural batas-batas)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *batəs. Cognate of Iban batas (“raised path”), Toba Batak batos, Javanese ꦮꦠꦼꦱ꧀ (wates), Balinese ᬩᬢᭂᬲ (bates), and Sasak bates.

limit: a restriction; a bound beyond which one may not go.


dataran

dataran (Jawi spelling داترن, plural dataran-dataran)

Dataran Everest


fajar

fajar (Jawi spelling فجر, plural fajar-fajar)


kudus

menguduskan [agent focus + causative benefactive]


nanas

nanas (Jawi spelling نانس, plural nanas-nanas)

نانس (Jawi)
nanas-nanas (plural)
nenas (alternative)

Indonesian: nanas

→ Iban: nanas

→ Maguindanao: nanas

From Dutch ananas, from Spanish ananás or Portuguese ananás, from Old Tupi naná.


harta

harta (Jawi spelling هرتا, plural harta-harta)

هرتا (Jawi)
harta-harta (plural)
arta (alternative)

> Indonesian: harta (inherited)

→ Iban: reta

From Sanskrit अर्थ (artha, “meaning, wealth”). Doublet of erti and arti.


sains

ms-noun

sains (Jawi spelling ساءينس, plural sains-sains)

→ Indonesian: sains

Borrowed from English science, from Middle English science, scyence, from Old French science, escience, from Latin scientia (“knowledge”).


sedar

Doublet of sadar, from Proto-Malayic, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sadar.


pasaran

pasaran (Jawi spelling ڤاسرن, plural pasaran-pasaran)

Indonesian: pasaran

A geographical area where a certain commercial demand exists.

(Indonesian)

A group of potential customers for one's product.


limas

limas (Jawi spelling ليمس, plural limas-limas)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *limas.

inh+

a cup or dipper made by folding up a palm-leaf or spathe till it looks like an inverted pyramid

any bucket-like container that draws or carries water from such material

bail or bailer, special container for disposing out water out (bailing) of a boat

the shape of a low pyramid with a quadrangular base


limas

> Indonesian: limas (inherited)


liman

ms-noun

liman (Jawi spelling ليمن, plural liman-liman)

Indonesian: liman

Borrowed from Javanese ꦭꦶꦩꦤ꧀ (liman), possibly from lima + -an; related to Proto-Chamic *lamaːn (compare Jarai rơman, Western Cham limân, Rade êman). Doublet of leman.


pelan

pelan (Jawi spelling ڤلن, plural pelan-pelan)

ڤلن (Jawi)
pelan-pelan (plural)
plan (alternative)

plan (a drawing showing technical details of a building, machine, etc.)


pelan

Kereta tu pelan betul.

(informal) Alternative form of perlahan.


pelan

Bawak pelan sikit!

Drive a bit more slowly! (lit. "Drive slowly a little!")


penara

penara (Jawi spelling ڤنارا, plural penara-penara)


acan

head

acan (Jawi spelling اچن, active mengacan, 3rd person passive diacan)

اچن (Jawi)
mengacan (active)
diacan (passive third-person)

To mislead (to confuse and throw off an opponent).


acan

(Kedah) To interrupt someone (in a joking manner).


presiden

ms-noun

presiden (Jawi spelling ڤريسيدن, plural presiden-presiden)

ڤريسيدن (Jawi)
presiden-presiden (plural)

Borrowed from English president and Dutch president, from Old French president, from Latin praesidēns (“presiding over; president, leader”).

der

presiden Amerika Syarikat

presiden Indonesia

presiden Perancis

(government, politics) The head of state of a republic that is usually also the republic's head of government.

presiden Microsoft

(management) The head of a company, bank, firm, and so on.


militan

ميليتن (Jawi)

Borrowed from English militant, from Middle French militant, from Latin mīlitāns, present participle of mīlitāre (“to serve as a soldier”).


militan

ميليتن (Jawi)


oren

ms-noun

oren (Jawi spelling اورين, plural oren-oren)

Borrowed from English orange, from Middle English orenge, orange, from Old French pome orenge (“Persian orange”, literally “orange apple”), influenced by Old Occitan auranja and calqued from Old Italian melarancio, melarancia, compound of mela (“apple”) and (n)arancia (“orange”), from Arabic نَارَنْج (nāranj), from Persian نارنگ (nârang), from Sanskrit नारङ्ग (nāraṅga, “orange tree”), from Dravidian (compare Tamil நர்தங்காய் (nartaṅkāy), compound of நரந்தம் (narantam, “fragrance”) and காய் (kāy, “fruit”); also Telugu నారంగము (nāraṅgamu), Malayalam നാരങ്ങ (nāraṅṅa), Kannada ನಾರಂಗಿ (nāraṅgi)).


residen

ms-noun

residen (Jawi spelling ريسيدن or ريسيدين, plural residen-residen)

ريسيدن (Jawi)
ريسيدين (Jawi)
residen-residen (plural)

> Indonesian: residen (inherited)

→ Chinese: 挨實嗹 /挨实𪡏.

* From English resident, from Middle English resident, from Anglo-Norman resident, from Latin residēns, present participle of resideō (“to remain behind, reside, dwell”).
* From Dutch resident, from French résident, from Latin residens, residentem.

(historical) A representative of the British government on occupied territory or in a protectorate of the British empire.


toman

toman (Jawi spelling تومن, plural toman-toman)

> Indonesian: toman (inherited)

Channa micropeltes
Wikispecies:Channa micropeltes

giant snakehead; giant mudfish (Channa micropeltes)


suda

suda (Jawi spelling سودا, plural suda-suda)

Indonesian: suda

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suja (“pitfall or trail spikes made of sharpened bamboo”).

inh+

sharp-pointed bamboo splinters used as caltrops


unta

ms-noun

unta (Jawi spelling اونتا, plural unta-unta)

> Indonesian: unta (inherited)

Brunei Malay: unta

→ Javanese: onta

→ Maranao: onta

→ Tausug: unta'

From Prakrit 𑀉𑀝𑁆𑀝 (uṭṭa), from Sanskrit उष्ट्र (uṣṭra), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *úštras, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ūsr- (“buffalo”). Compare to English oont, Hindi ऊँट (ū̃ṭ), Konkani ओंटे (oṇṭe), Gujarati ઊંટ (ū̃ṭa).


urus

Indonesian: urus

Komodo: uru

Makasar: urusuʔ

Manggarai: urus

to manage (to handle or control a situation or job)


jeti

jéti (Jawi spelling جيتي, plural jeti-jeti)

jéti (canonical)
جيتي (Jawi)
jeti-jeti (plural)


leman

leman (Jawi spelling ليمن, plural leman-leman)

From Javanese liman, possibly from lima + -an, doublet of liman; related to Proto-Chamic *lamaːn (compare Western Cham limân, Rade êman, Jarai rơman).


eja

Indonesian: eja

From Persian هجا (hejâ), from Arabic هِجَاء (hijāʔ).


Dalmatia

From English Dalmatia, from Latin Dalmatia.

Dalmatia (a historical region of Croatia, on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea)

(historical) Dalmatia (a province of the Roman Empire)


cahaya

cahaya (Jawi spelling چهاي, plural cahaya-cahaya)


lapisan

لاڤيسن (Jawi)

lapisan sosial


orang utan

orang utan (Jawi spelling اورڠ اوتن, plural orang-orang utan)

اورڠ اوتن (Jawi)
orang-orang utan (plural)

desctree

→ Dutch: orang-oetan, orang-oetang
→ Norwegian: orangutang

→ English: orangutan, orang-utan, orang-outang, ourang-outang, orangoutang, orang utan, orangutang, ourang outang, orang-outan, ourangoutang, orang-utang, ourang-outan, oran-outang, orang-otang, orangoutan, orangotang, orang-otan, uran-utan, oran-otan, orang-hutan
→ Catalan: orangutan
→ Czech: orangutan
→ Faroese: orangutang (perhaps via another European language)
→ French: orang-outan, ourang-outang
→ Romanian: urangutan
→ German: Orang-Utan
→ Greek: ουρακοτάγκος (ourakotágkos)
→ Hungarian: orangután
→ Italian: orangutan, orango
→ Japanese: オランウータン (oran'ūtan)
→ Korean: 오랑우탄 (orang'utan)
→ Polish: orangutan
→ Russian: орангутан (orangutan), орангутанг (orangutang)
→ Armenian: օրանգուտան (ōrangutan)
→ Ingrian: orang-utan
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: орангу̀та̄н
Latin script: orangùtān
→ Sicilian: rangutanu
→ Spanish: orangután
→ Galician: orangután
→ Swedish: orangutang
→ Thai: อุรังอุตัง (ù-rang-ù-dtang)
→ Turkish: orangutan

→ Finnish: oranki (via some other European language)

desc

→ Hindi: आरंगुटान (āraṅguṭān)

→ Hindi: आरंगुटान (āraṅguṭān)

Indonesian: orang utan

→ Irish: órang-útan (perhaps via another European language)

→ Korean: 오랑우탄 (orang'utan)

→ Portuguese: orangotango

orang (“person, man”) + utan (“forest”). General use displaced mawas and mayas.


detik

ms-noun

detik (Jawi spelling دتيق, plural detik-detik)


Alkitab

Alkitab (Jawi spelling الکتاب, plural Alkitab-Alkitab)

الکتاب (Jawi)
Alkitab-Alkitab (plural)
Al-Kitab (alternative)

Indonesian: Alkitab

From Classical Malay الكتاب (Alkitab), from Arabic الْكِتَاب (al-kitāb, “the book”).


umat

From Arabic أُمَّة (ʔumma, “community”).

community, especially a religious community


terlalu

ترلالو (Jawi)


telah

Saya telah pergi ke sana.


dekan

From Dutch decaan (“dean”), from Late Latin decānus.


dekan

Indonesian: dekan

From Semelai dkan, from Proto-Aslian *dəka(a)n, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *d₁kan (“bamboo rat”). Compare Khasi dkhan (“hill rat, mole”), Muong cẳn (“bamboo rat”) and Khmu tkan ("mole").

Rhizomys sumatrensis
Rhizomys sumatrensis#Translingual

large bamboo rat (Rhizomys sumatrensis).


zan

(Islam, very rare or obsolete) doubt, suspicion


BBB

Bandar Baru Bangi (a city in Selangor, Malaysia).


akademi

akademi (Jawi spelling اکاديمي, plural akademi-akademi)

From English academy, from Middle French académie, from Latin acadēmīa, from Ancient Greek Ἀκαδημία (Akadēmía).


wayang

wayang (Jawi spelling وايڠ, plural wayang-wayang)

→ Hokkien: 花英 (hoa-iaⁿ) (?)

Borrowed from Javanese ꦮꦪꦁ (wayang, “shadow; imagination”), from Old Javanese wayaṅ. Doublet of bayang. .

bor

shadow play traditional among the Javanese and Kelantanese

wayang bangsawan: bangsawan, a kind of traditional Malay theatre (lit. 'aristocrat play')

wayang Cina: Chinese opera

any live traditional theatrical performance

Andy ajak kita tengok wayang.

(informal) ellipsis of wayang gambar (“motion picture; movie”)


kumbang

ms-noun

kumbang (Jawi spelling کومبڠ, plural kumbang-kumbang)

From Proto-Malayic, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian, from Proto-Austronesian *-bəŋ.


Holanda

From Portuguese Holanda, from Old Dutch holt lant (“woodland”). Attested in 1901. Doublet of Belanda and Wolanda.

(archaic) Holland (a traditional region of the Netherlands formed by two modern provinces, North Holland and South Holland)

(archaic) Holland, the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe)

(archaic) The people of the Netherlands.


banding

Baba Malay: banding

Indonesian: banding

(Indonesia) synonym of rayuan (“appeal”), see Indonesian banding for more information.


asta

From Sanskrit अष्ट (aṣṭa), from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw.


tian

tian (Jawi spelling تيان, plural tian-tian)

Indonesian: tian

From Proto-Malayic *tian (“belly”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tian (“belly”), from Proto-Austronesian *tiaN.

meniani [agent focus + causative benefactive]


tige

pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling

(Johor-Riau) pronunciation spelling of tiga


سیاست

سیاست (plural سیاست-سیاست or سیاست٢)


guli

guli (Jawi spelling ݢولي, plural guli-guli)


mudi

mudi (Jawi spelling مودي, plural mudi-mudi)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ma-udəhi affixing *udəhi. Doublet of udi and mudik.

rear; stern; rudder (of ship, boat, etc.)


bref

(orthography, printing) semicircular diacritical mark (˘) placed above a vowel

Alternative form: brif

(music) double whole note; a note twice as long as a semibreve


hawa

→ Javanese: ꦲꦮ (awa)

Indonesian: hawa

North Moluccan Malay: hawa

From Arabic هَوَاء (hawāʔ, “air, atmosphere”).

bor

the gases surrounding the Earth or any astronomical body.

atmosphere, air.
the air in a particular place.


hawa

→ Balinese: ᬳᬯ (hawa)

→ Madurese: ꦲꦮ (hḁwḁ)

Indonesian: hawa

North Moluccan Malay: hawá

From Arabic هَوَى (hawā, “love, desire, passion”).


stik

ms-noun

stik (Jawi spelling ستيک, plural stik-stik)

ستيک (Jawi)
stik-stik (plural)
steik (alternative)


misi

misi (Jawi spelling ميسي, plural misi-misi)


rasi

rasi (Jawi spelling راسي, plural rasi-rasi)

راسي (Jawi)
rasi-rasi (plural)
raksi (alternative)

From Sanskrit राशि (rāśi), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *rāśíṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *rāćíš, from *rać- (“to bind, tie”).

(astrology) a sign of the zodiac (as being a certain sum or quantity of degrees), one-twelfth part of the ecliptic, an astrological house


buni

Indonesian: buni

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buni, from Proto-Austronesian *buNi (“to hide; conceal”). Doublet of sembunyi.

inh

membunikan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dibunikan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


buni

Indonesian: buni

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buʀnay. Doublet of berunai.


ĕ

(obsolete) The seventh letter of the 1927–1972 Malay alphabet, written in Latin script.


kasino

ms-noun

kasino (Jawi spelling کاسينو, plural kasino-kasino)

From English casino, from Italian casino, diminutive form of casa (“house”), from Latin casa (“cottage, hut”).


regata

régata (Jawi spelling ريݢات, plural regata-regata)

régata (canonical)
ريݢات (Jawi)
regata-regata (plural)


bahu

bahu (Jawi spelling باهو, plural bahu-bahu)

Indonesian: bahu

From Sanskrit बाहु (bāhu), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *baHźʰúṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰaHȷ́ʰúš, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵʰús (“arm”). Doublet of baju.

(anatomy) shoulder (joint between arm and torso)

shoulder (part of a road where drivers may stop in an emergency)


serban

serban (Jawi spelling سربن, plural serban-serban)


universitas

universitas (Jawi spelling اونيۏرسيتس, plural universitas-universitas)

اونيۏرسيتس (Jawi)
universitas-universitas (plural)

From Latin universitas via Indonesian universitas.

(Indonesia) alternative spelling of universiti (“university”).


gita

gita (Jawi spelling ݢيتا, plural gita-gita)


kirik

kirik (Jawi spelling کيريق, plural kirik-kirik)


رسول

رسول (plural رسول-رسول or رسول٢)


sedia

Alia sedia mengetahui soalan apa yang akan ditanyakan dalam ujian.

Alia already knew what kind of questions will be asked in the test.

Yang hidup sedia akan mati juga sudahnya.


sedia

Kami sedia untuk menjawab kertas ujian pertama.

We are ready to answer the first exam paper.

Jepun sedia menghantar batuan ke negara yang tersekutu dengannya.

Japan is willing to send help to its allied countries.

Asalnya, di kelab Inggeris, sedia 30 ahli.

In the beginning, there were 30 members in the English club.


sedia

> Indonesian: sedia (inherited)

→ Tausug: saddiya

(military) Used as a command to bring soldiers to the attention position


alkohol

الکوهول (Jawi)

From English alcohol, from Middle English, from Old French alcohol, from Arabic اَلْكُحْل (al-kuḥl, “kohl”).


haram

Indonesian: haram

Akta Pencegahan Pengubahan Wang Haram, Pencegahan Pembiayaan Keganasan dan Hasil daripada Aktiviti Haram 2001 [Akta 613]

Anti-Money Laundering, Anti-Terrorism Financing and Proceeds of Unlawful Activities Act 2001 [Act 613]

Tanah Haram

(colloquial, used as an intensifier) damn, bloody

Apa dia cakap ni? Sepatah haram pun aku tak faham.

What's he talking about? I can't even understand a damn thing.

(colloquial, used in the negative) (not a) single, damn


madrasah

madrasah (Jawi spelling مدرسة, plural madrasah-madrasah)


-gen

Formerly spelt as -jan, borrowed from English -gen, from French -gène, from the Ancient Greek -γενής (-genḗs).

oksigen


kalifornium

From English californium, from California.


dapat

head

dapat (Jawi spelling داڤت, active mendapat, 3rd person passive didapat)

داڤت (Jawi)
mendapat (active)
didapat (passive third-person)

North Moluccan Malay: dapa

Adam dapat tersengih sahaja.

Atlit Malaysia dapat meraih dua pingat pada temasya Olimpik 2024.

The Malaysian athletes succeeded in winning two medals at the 2024 Olympic events.

Polis berjaya mendapat maklumat daripada suspek.

The police succeeded in getting intel from the suspect.

Adam mendapat RM10000 daripada kerjanya setiap minggu!

Adam gets RM10000 from his work every week!

Adam tak dapat apa yang diajarkan gurunya.

Adam didn't get what his teacher was teaching.

Cari dia sampai dapat.


daya

Indonesian: daya

From Proto-Malayic *daya, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daya, from Proto-Austronesian *daya.

Used only in the noun phrase barat daya (“southwest”)


daya

ms-noun

daya (Jawi spelling داي, plural daya-daya)

Indonesian: daya

→ Javanese: ꦢꦪ (daya)

→ Hiligaynon: dáyà

→ Tagalog: daya

→ Sundanese: daya

ability (quality or state of being able)


fakta

fakta (Jawi spelling فکتا, plural fakta-fakta)

Learned borrowing from Latin facta, plural form of factum.

A fact:
Something that has actually happened.

A fact:
Something that is true can be proved.

A fact:
Information about someone or something.


aliran

aliran (Jawi spelling اليرن, plural aliran-aliran)

Indonesian: aliran

(education) one of several forms of public school education in Malaysia, such as Islamic schools and ethnic schools (such as for Malays, Chinese, and Indians)


kabel

kabel (Jawi spelling کابل, plural kabel-kabel)

From English cable, from Middle English cable, from Old Northern French cable, from Late Latin capulum (“lasso, rope, halter”), from Latin capiō (“to take, seize”).

der

Budak tu mesti dapat kerja tu dengan tolong kabel.

That kid definitely got that job with the help of connections.

(slang) People with whom one is acquainted who can offer help and influence; connections.


konjak

From English konjac, from Japanese 蒟蒻 (konyyaku).

A foul-smelling plant grown in Asia, Amorphophallus konjac.

A (range of) food product(s) made from the plant, including a flour and a gelatin, used to make noodles and candies, and as a food supplement for weight reduction.


kadmium

From English cadmium, from Ancient Greek Καδμεία (Kadmeía), from Κάδμος (Kádmos).


zirkonium

From English zirconium, from New Latin, from zircon.


kuang

ms-noun

kuang (Jawi spelling کواڠ, plural kuang-kuang)


liang

liang (Jawi spelling لياڠ, plural liang-liang)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *liaŋ (“cave, cavern”). Cognate with Javanese leng.


nila

From Sanskrit नील (nīla). Doublet of nilam.


nila

ms-noun

nila (Jawi spelling نيلا, plural nila-nila)

indigo (colour; the dye from the indigo plant)


liput

Indonesian: liput

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *liput, from Proto-Austronesian *lipuC.

meliputkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

meliputi [agent focus + causative benefactive]

diliputkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

diliputi [patient focus + causative benefactive]


nisan

From Classical Persian نشان (nišān), نیشان (nīšān, “sign, mark”), from Middle Persian nyšʾn' (nīšān, “sign, mark, banner”), nyš (nīš-).


nisan

ms-noun

nisan (Jawi spelling نيسن, plural nisan-nisan)

Elision of manisan, itself an ellipsis of manisan lebah (lit. 'bee-sweet'); from manis + -an. Doublet of manisan and misan.

(Kelantan-Pattani) a kind of palm sugar made from coconut flower sap


Aceh

Aceh (a special autonomous province of Indonesia, located on the northern tip of the island of Sumatra)


leng

(units of measure) A traditional Malay unit of volume, equivalent to an imperial pint.


چاکر

چاکر (plural چاکر-چاکر or چاکر٢)


dian

Indonesian: dian

→ Iban: dian

From Javanese ꦢꦶꦪꦤ꧀ (diyan), possibly from Austroasiatic. Compare Angkorian Old Khmer dyān, dyan (“candle”).


konsensus

کونسينس (Jawi)

Borrowed from English consensus, from Latin cōnsēnsus (“agreement, accordance, unanimity”), from cōnsentiō (“feel together; agree”).

der

A consensus (general agreement among the members of a given group or community).


صبح

ms-noun

صبح (plural صبح-صبح or صبح٢)


laku

laku (Jawi spelling لاکو, plural laku-laku)

diperlakukan [causative passive focus + causative benefactive]

perlakuan [causative passive + resultative


optik

اوڤتيک (Jawi)

Borrowed from English optic, from Middle French optique or Medieval Latin opticus, from Ancient Greek ὀπτῐκός (optĭkós, “of or for sight”), affixed form of ὀπτός (optós, “visible”) + -ῐκός (-ĭkós, “-ic”, adjectival suffix).

af

optic, optical (of, or relating to the eye or or optical instruments)


optik

ms-noun

optik (Jawi spelling اوڤتيک, plural optik-optik)

اوڤتيک (Jawi)
optik-optik (plural)
optika (alternative)

Borrowed from English optics, from Medieval Latin opticus (“optic, optical”), from Ancient Greek ὀπτικός (optikós).

der

optics: the physics of light and vision.


saksi

> Indonesian: saksi (inherited)

→ Bikol Central: saksi

→ Cebuano: saksi

→ Higaonon: saksi

→ Ilocano: saksi

→ Masbatenyo: saksi

→ Min Nan: 肖示 (siau-sī), 肖視 (siau-sī)

→ Tagalog: saksi

→ Tausug: saksi'

From Sanskrit साक्षी (sākṣī), masculine nominative singular form of साक्षिन् (sākṣin, “witness”).


tuma

ms-noun

tuma (Jawi spelling توما, plural tuma-tuma)

Indonesian: tuma


prisma

ڤريسما (Jawi)

Formerly used in the form prizam, borrowed from English prism, from Latin prisma, from Ancient Greek πρίσμα (prísma).


prometium

From English promethium, from Ancient Greek Προμηθεύς (Promētheús).


lipas

lipas (Jawi spelling ليڤس, plural lipas-lipas)

Indonesian: lipas

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *lipəs, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ipəs, from Proto-Austronesian *Sipəs.


pukimak

(slang, vulgar, derogatory) motherfucker; asshole


ayat

ayat (Jawi spelling ايات, plural ayat-ayat)

Indonesian: ayat


geng

geng (Jawi spelling ݢيڠ, plural geng-geng)

geng plastik hitam

people arrested for violating the Ramadan fast


-lah

Minumlah air ini.

Janganlah malu-malu.

Marilah berbuka puasa bersama-sama.

Used to make a polite request or to allow an action.

Seraya berkata, “Wahai Cengkoa, ayuhai tuk pekong tolonglah goa, satu pun tidak salah dibawa, sekarang sudah dapat kecewa.”

a. 1256 AH, شَعِير سيتِي زُبَيْدة ڡرَڠ چينا [Poem of Siti Zubaidah’s Chinese War], page 25:

"Ah Cengkoa", the junk captain complained, "Help me, Tuk Pekong", he exclaimed, "not a single fault, nothing wrongly gained, only disappointment is all that I’ve obtained."

Used on verbs and adverbs to indicate the jussive, imperative.

Janganlah bising!

Cincu wangkang terlalu marah, tubuh geme[n]tar mukanya merah, “Funi Cokong! Pigilah nyah! Dagangan aku habislah sudah”.

a. 1840, Syair Siti Zubaidah Perang Cina, page 22:

The owner of the junk ship, so outraged was he, his body trembling, face as red as could be, "Funi Cokong! Be gone with thee! All of my goods have gone already."

Majulah Singapura!

Used on adverbs to indicate reassurance, emphasis and assertion.

Dialah yang mencuri kereta saya!

بهاروله فد مالم اينله فاتىک مليهت دولي ساه عالم

Baharulah pada malam inilah patik melihat duli shah alam.

“[…] Sebab itu-lah saya datang kerana hendak menyelamatkan datok saya, atau pun saya gugor di-hadapan-nya.”

c. 1510, Hikayat Amir Hamzah [Hamzanama], pages 233—234:

Because of that only have I come because of wanting to save my datok, or I fall before him.

Used on pronouns to indicate that they are only, singularly, and in their entirety.

(literary) Used to indicate emphasised passive ergative verbs.


puas

From Proto-Malayic *puhas, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puqas.


KD

(Malaysia, military, nautical) Initialism of Kapal Diraja (ship prefix for the Royal Malaysian Navy)


apotek

apotek (Jawi spelling اڤوتيک, plural apotek-apotek)

From Dutch apotheek, from Latin apotheca, from Ancient Greek ἀποθήκη (apothḗkē). Doublet of butik.

(Netherlands, Indonesia) pharmacy (a place where prescription drugs are dispensed)


longan

longan (Jawi spelling لوڠن, plural longan-longan)

Borrowed from Cantonese 龍眼 /龙眼 (lung⁴ ngaan⁵, literally “dragon’s eye”).


شاه

ms-noun

شاه (plural شاه-شاه or شاه٢)


ساعت

ساعت (plural ساعت-ساعت or ساعت٢)


aq

Aq nk gi mkn.

(Internet slang, text messaging) Abbreviation of aku.


benda

bĕnda (Jawi spelling بندا, plural benda-benda)

bĕnda (canonical)
بندا (Jawi)
benda-benda (plural)
bende (alternative pronunciation-spelling)

> Indonesian: benda (inherited)

→ Urak Lawoi': เบอนา (bena)


کوکو

کوکو (plural کوکو-کوکو or کوکو٢)


sekta

sekta (Jawi spelling سيکتا, plural sekta-sekta)

سيکتا (Jawi)
sekta-sekta (plural)
sekte (alternative)

From English sect, from Middle English secte, from Old French secte (“a sect in philosophy or religion”), from Late Latin secta (“a sect in philosophy or religion, a school, party, faction, class, gild, band, particularly a heretical doctrine or sect, etc.”), possibly, from Latin sequi (“to follow”). Alternatively linked to sectus (“cut off, divided”), past participle of secō.


să

Shortened form of ĕsă, from Proto-Malayic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

esa (alternative)
ĕsă (alternative)
se (alternative)
se- (alternative)
sĕ (alternative)
sĕ- (alternative)
sa (alternative)
sa- (alternative)
اسا (alternative)
س (alternative)
س- (alternative)


eru

ارو (Jawi)
eru-eru (plural)
ru (alternative)

Indonesian: eru

casuarina (trees of the genus Casuarina)


چ

head

ﭺ / چـ / ـچـ / ـچ

ﭺ / چـ / ـچـ / ـچ

ﭺ (canonical)
چـ (canonical)
ـچـ (canonical)
ـچ (canonical)

The sixth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Arabic script.


کلاس

ms-noun

کلاس (plural کلاس-کلاس or کلاس٢)


kulur

kulur (Jawi spelling کولور, plural kulur-kulur)

From Proto-Malayic *kulur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kuluʀ.
First attested in the Hikayat Hang Tuah, 1762AD.


bufet

bufet (Jawi spelling بوفيت, plural bufet-bufet)


hambar

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qambaR (“tasteless, insipid”)


تونس

ms-noun

تونس (plural تونس-تونس or تونس٢)


ابد

ابد (plural ابد-ابد or ابد٢)


falsafah

falsafah (Jawi spelling فلسفه, plural falsafah-falsafah)

From Arabic فَلْسَفَة (falsafa), either constructed based on فَيْلَسُوف (faylasūf, “philosopher”), or based directly on Ancient Greek φιλοσοφία (philosophía), compounded from φίλος (phílos, “beloved”) + σοφία (sophía, “wisdom”).


vertikal

ۏرتيکل (Jawi)

From English vertical, from Middle French vertical, from Late Latin verticālis.

Perpendicular to the horizontal; vertical.


هلو

ms-noun

هلو (plural هلو-هلو or هلو٢)


punti

punti (Jawi spelling ڤونتي, plural punti-punti)

Indonesian: punti

From Proto-Malayic *punti, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *punti, from Proto-Austronesian *punti.

Musa × paradisiaca
Musa × paradisiaca#Translingual

(botany) a hybrid banana (Musa × paradisiaca)


reti

Metathesis of erti, from Sanskrit अर्थ (artha, “meaning”). Doublet of erti and harta.

Kau tolong ajar Helen sikit, dia tak reti kendali mesin kita.

You should help teach Helen a bit, she doesn't understand how to operate our machine.

(informal) to understand; alternative form of mengerti


sekat

desc

> Indonesian: sekat (“partition, wall”) (inherited)

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *səkat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *səkəd. Compare Toba Batak sohot (“to stop, cease, discontinue”), Ilocano sekkéd (“to come to the end”) and sekdan (“to reserve for future use; to minimize expenses”), and Khmer ស្កាត់ (skat, “to block; to intervene; to suppress”).

m+

tersekat-sekat [reduplication + agentless action]

menyekati [agent focus + causative benefactive]

disekati [patient focus + causative benefactive]


kabinet

ms-noun

kabinet (Jawi spelling کابينيت, plural kabinet-kabinet)

A storage closet either separate from, or built into, a wall.

kabinet Perdana Menteri

(politics, government) In parliamentary and some other systems of government, the group of ministers responsible for creating government policy and for overseeing the departments comprising the executive branch.


kapitan

kapitan (Jawi spelling کاڤيتن, plural kapitan-kapitan)

Indonesian: kapitan

→ Hokkien: 甲必丹 (kap-pit-tan, “captain”).

From Portuguese capitam (“captain”), from Old Galician-Portuguese capitan, capitam, from Genoese Ligurian capitan, from Late Latin capitānus, capitāneus, or Latin capitālis. Cognate with Japanese カピタン (kapitan). Doublet of kapten.

A high-ranking government position in the civil administration of colonial Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo and the Philippines as community leaders of local foreign communities, such as Kapitan Cina.


fasi

(colloquial) Alternative form of fasilitator.


oksigen

اوکسيݢن (Jawi)

Formerly spelt as oksijan, from English oxygen, from French oxygène, from Ancient Greek ὀξύς (oxús) + γένος (génos).


iklim

iklim (Jawi spelling اقليم, plural iklim-iklim)

Indonesian: iklim

From Arabic إِقْلِيم (ʔiqlīm), from Ancient Greek κλίμα (klíma).

iklim Asia Tenggara

The state of the weather in the long term at a certain place or in a certain area.

iklim politik

(figurative) The context in general of a particular political, moral, etc., situation.


kompleks

kompléks (Jawi spelling کومڤليکس, plural kompleks-kompleks)

kompléks (canonical)
کومڤليکس (Jawi)
kompleks-kompleks (plural)


konduktor

کوندوکتور (Jawi)

conductor (person who conducts a music ensemble)

conductor (person who takes tickets on public transportation)

conductor (as of heat, electricity, etc.)


undur

اوندور (Jawi)

Indonesian: undur

From (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *unduD, *undur (“retreat, fall back”). Compare Binukid undud (“to move backwards”).

mengundurkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

diundurkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


kontrol

kontrol (Jawi spelling کونترول, plural kontrol-kontrol)

Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian

From English control, from Middle English controllen, from Old French contrerole, from Medieval Latin contrarotulum (“a counter-roll or register used to verify accounts”), from Latin contra (“against, opposite”) + Medieval Latin rotulus, Latin rotula (“roll, a little wheel”), diminutive of rota (“a wheel”).
* The sense of checkup is semantic loan from Indonesian kontrol.


فرض

ms-noun

فرض (plural فرض-فرض or فرض٢)


kupon

kupon (Jawi spelling کوڤون, plural kupon-kupon)


elektrik

éléktrik (Jawi spelling ايليکتريک, plural elektrik-elektrik)

éléktrik (canonical)
ايليکتريک (Jawi)
elektrik-elektrik (plural)


طوفان

طوفان (plural طوفان-طوفان or طوفان٢)


زرافه

زرافه (plural زرافه-زرافه or زرافه٢)


رسم

رسم (plural رسم-رسم or رسم٢)


اوتار

اوتار (plural اوتار-اوتار or اوتار٢)


lenga

lenga (Jawi spelling لڠا or ليڠا, plural lenga-lenga)

لڠا (Jawi)
ليڠا (Jawi)
lenga-lenga (plural)

Indonesian: lenga

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *leŋa. Cognate with Tagalog linga, Cebuano lunga, Rade ênga and Tetum lena. Compare also Proto-Tai *r.ŋaːᴬ (“sesame”) (whence Thai งา (ngaa)) and Proto-Mon-Khmer *lŋaaʔ ~ *lŋawʔ (“sesame”) (whence Khmer ល្ង (lngɔɔ)).

cog

Sesamum indicum
Sesamum indicum#Translingual


curi

to steal (to illegally take possession of)


نور

ms-noun

نور (plural نور-نور or نور٢)


برس

برس (plural برس-برس or برس٢)


interviu

interviu (Jawi spelling اينترۏيو, plural interviu-interviu)

اينترۏيو (Jawi)
interviu-interviu (plural)


بحث

بحث (plural بحث-بحث or بحث٢)


فعل

فعل (plural فعل-فعل or فعل٢)


tirai

tirai (Jawi spelling تيراي, plural tirai-tirai)

Borrowed from Tamil திரை (tirai, “curtain”), from Sanskrit तिरस् (tiras, “apart, across”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *tr̥Hás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tr̥Hás, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥h₂-ós, from *terh₂-.

Tirai murah


mikrofon

mikrofon (Jawi spelling ميکروفون, plural mikrofon-mikrofon)

ميکروفون (Jawi)
mikrofon-mikrofon (plural)


tarif

tarif (Jawi spelling تاريف, plural tarif-tarif)

Borrowed from English tariff, from French tarif, from Italian tariffa, from Ottoman Turkish تعرفه (ta'rife), from Classical Persian تَعْرِفَه (ta'rifa), from Arabic تَعْرِفَة (taʕrifa, “tariff, rate”), from the root ع ر ف (ʕ r f). Doublet of takrif.

ar-root

ع ر ف (ʕ r f)


coli

ms-noun

coli (Jawi spelling چولي, plural coli-coli)

چولي (Jawi)
coli-coli (plural)
culi (alternative)

desc

> Indonesian: (obsolete) coli (inherited)


basi

Baba Malay: basi

Indonesian: basi

(of food) stale, rancid (no longer fresh)


gusti

Indonesian: gusti


faktor

ms-noun

faktor (Jawi spelling فکتور, plural faktor-faktor)

Borrowed from English factor or Dutch factor, from Middle French facteur, from Latin factor (“a doer, maker, performer”), from factus (“done or made”), perfect passive participle of faciō (“do, make”).

der

factor (one of the elements, circumstances, or influences which contribute to produce a result)


paket

ms-noun

paket (Jawi spelling ڤاکيت, plural paket-paket)

Arose either from analogy with other English borrowings such as gajet and magnet, or from influence by Indonesian paket.


fikir

Borrowed from Arabic فِكْر (fikr, “thinking, thought, idea”).


fikir

head

fikir (Jawi spelling فيکير, active memikir, 3rd person passive difikir)

فيکير (Jawi)
memikir (active)
difikir (passive third-person)
pikir (alternative)

desctree

Indonesian: pikir, fikir (nonstandard)
→ Amahai: pikir
→ Angkola Batak: pikir
→ Asilulu: pikir
→ Banggai: pikir
→ Belait: pikir
→ West Makian: pikir

→ Dutch: piekeren


ramai

Indonesian: ramai


lala

ms-noun

lala (Jawi spelling لالا, plural lala-lala)

Indonesian: lala

a kind of edible Venus clam, Paratapes textilis.

a type of sea mollusc, Orbicularia orbiculata.


sosial

سوسيال (Jawi)

Borrowed from English social, from Middle French social, from Latin sociālis (“of or belonging to a companion or companionship or association, social”), from socius (“a companion, fellow, partner, associate, ally”), from sequor (“follow”).

der

budak sosial

aktiviti sosial

Relating to activities where people meet each other for pleasure.


visi

ms-noun

visi (Jawi spelling ۏيسي, plural visi-visi)

Borrowed from Indonesian visi, from Dutch visie, from Middle Dutch visie, from Latin visiō.

vision, an ideal or a goal toward which one aspires


laici

laici (Jawi spelling لايچي, plural laici-laici)


poligami

poligami (Jawi spelling ڤوليݢامي, plural poligami-poligami)

ڤوليݢامي (Jawi)
poligami-poligami (plural)

From Dutch polygamie, from Latin polygamia, from Ancient Greek πολυγαμία (polugamía).


pesta

pesta (Jawi spelling ڤيستا, plural pesta-pesta)

Indonesian: pesta


zink

zink (Jawi spelling زيڠک, plural zink-zink)

زيڠک (Jawi)
zink-zink (plural)
seng (alternative)

From English zinc, from German Zink, from Zinken.


kaktus

kaktus (Jawi spelling ککتوس, plural kaktus-kaktus)

Katanya, taman kaktus lebih mudah dijaga dan tidak terlalu cerewet seperti bunga lain yang perlu disiram setiap hari.

2020 April 18, Nurul Fatihah Sulaini, “Urus taman kaktus isi masa sepanjang PKP”, in Berita Harian:

He said, cactus gardens are easier to take care of and not too fussy like other flowers that need to be watered every day.


kardiologi

kardiologi (Jawi spelling کرديولوݢي, plural kardiologi-kardiologi)

کرديولوݢي (Jawi)
kardiologi-kardiologi (plural)


cuba

used to politely order someone to do a task.


dipinta

دڤينتا (Jawi)


ذبح

ذبح (plural ذبح-ذبح or ذبح٢)


ekonomi

ekonomi (Jawi spelling ايکونومي, plural ekonomi-ekonomi)

ايکونومي (Jawi)
ekonomi-ekonomi (plural)


راج

راج (plural راج-راج or راج٢)


palat

palat (Jawi spelling ڤالت, plural palat-palat)

tahi palat

Hidup ini macam palat, tapi esok masih ada.

Life's a bitch, but there's still tomorrow.


sukat

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sukat. Compare Tagalog sukat.

(units of measure) A traditional Malay unit of volume, equivalent to four imperial gallons.


sukat

> Indonesian: sukat (inherited)

menyukatkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

disukatkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


pahat

pahat (Jawi spelling ڤاهت, plural pahat-pahat)

Indonesian: pahat

→ Dairi Batak: pahat

→ Lun Bawang: faat

→ Tombulu: paat

From Proto-Malayic *pahət, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paqət (“chisel”).
First attested in the Kota Kapur inscription, 686 CE, as Old Malay [script needed] (pāhat).


lori

lori (Jawi spelling لوري, plural lori-lori)


lakon

From Javanese ꦭꦏꦺꦴꦤ꧀ (lakon), also reconstructed as laku + -an. Doublet of lakuan.

melakonkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

melakoni [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dilakonkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

dilakoni [patient focus + causative benefactive]


kurun

kurun (Jawi spelling قرون, plural kurun-kurun)

Indonesian: kurun

Borrowed from Arabic قُرُون (qurūn), plural of قَرْن (qarn).


pulun

In the form of berpulun-pulun:
Rising or belching (of smoke).

In the form of berpulun-pulun:
Having multiple folds (of clothes).


pulun

In the form of memulun-mulun:
(transitive) To fold (of clothes).

In the form of memulun-mulun:
To fold (of clothes).


rakit

rakit (Jawi spelling راکيت, plural rakit-rakit)

Indonesian: rakit

From Proto-Malayic *rakit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀakit (“raft; to lay long objects side by side”).


pakat

Indonesian: pakat

Rebracketing of earlier mupakat, from Arabic موافقة.

bor

Arabic موافقة


فلسفه

ms-noun

فلسفه (plural فلسفه-فلسفه or فلسفه٢)


antropologi

انتروڤولوݢي (Jawi)


satelit

satelit (Jawi spelling ساتليت, plural satelit-satelit)


berma

berma (Jawi spelling برما, plural berma-berma)

برما (Jawi)
berma-berma (plural)
biram (alternative)


kanan

From Proto-Malayic *kanan (compare Indonesian kanan), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ka-)wanan (compare Ilocano kannawan, Kapampangan uanan, Tagalog kanan), from Proto-Austronesian *(ka-)wanaN.

senior (higher in rank, dignity, or office.)


padat

Indonesian: padat


sos

سوس (Jawi)
sos-sos (plural)
saus (alternative Indonesia)
saos (alternative Indonesia)

Borrowed from Dutch saus, from Middle Dutch sause, from Old French sauce, from Latin salsus (“salt”).


macan

macan (Jawi spelling ماچن, plural macan-macan)


turut

Indonesian: turut

Attested in the Hikayat Abdullah, 1840s, as توروت (turut), from Proto-Malayic *turut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuʀut. Doublet of patut and anut.

turut-turutan [reduplication + resultative

menurutkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

menuruti [agent focus + causative benefactive]

diturutkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

dituruti [patient focus + causative benefactive]

memperturutkan [causative agent focus + causative benefactive]

memperturut-turutkan [reduplication + causative agent focus + causative benefactive]

diperturutkan [causative passive focus + causative benefactive]

diperturut-turutkan [reduplication + causative passive focus + causative benefactive]


بيدق

بيدق (plural بيدق-بيدق or بيدق٢)


eksport

eksport (Jawi spelling ايکسڤورت, plural eksport-eksport)

ايکسڤورت (Jawi)
eksport-eksport (plural)
ekspot (alternative)
ekspor (alternative Indonesia)

From English export, from Latin exportare.

Antara eksport terutama Jepun termasuklah kereta dan litar bersepadu.

Among Japan's main exports include cars and integrated circuits.

Trading goods that are sold to foreign countries; export.

Eksport mengatasi import di negara ini.

The export tops the import in this country.

The action or process of exporting; exportation, export.


eksport

head

eksport (Jawi spelling ايکسڤورت, active mengeksport, 3rd person passive dieksport)

ايکسڤورت (Jawi)
mengeksport (active)
dieksport (passive third-person)
ekspot (alternative)
ekspor (alternative Indonesia)

Produk ini dieksport ke China.

(transitive) To sell goods to a foreign country.

To export:
To sell goods to a foreign country.

(transitive, computing) To send (data) from one program to another.

Kepercayaan Hinduisme dieksport ke Nusantara dari India.

The Hindu faith was exported to Nusantara from India.

(transitive) To cause to spread in another part of the world.


telan

Indonesian: telan

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tələn (“to swallow”). Cognate with Central Dusun tohon and Malagasy telina.

inh

Telan makanan


auta

ms-noun

auta (Jawi spelling اءوتا, plural auta-auta)

(colloquial) things said that sound true but are actually false.


kera

kera (Jawi spelling کرا, plural kera-kera)

کرا (Jawi)
kera-kera (plural)
kĕra (alternative)

Indonesian: kera

Compare Urak Lawoi' กรา (kra, “monkey”), Old Javanese kĕra (“monkey”).


alun

alun (Jawi spelling الون, plural alun-alun)


urut

Indonesian: urut

→ English: urut

mengurutkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

diurutkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

memperurutkan [causative agent focus + causative benefactive]

diperurutkan [causative passive focus + causative benefactive]


puki

puki (Jawi spelling ڤوکي, plural puki-puki)

From Proto-Malayic *puki, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puki, from Proto-Austronesian *puki. Compare Asi puki, Sakizaya puki and Tagalog puke.

(vulgar, anatomy) vulva (collectively the external female sexual organs)


tom yam

(cooking) nonstandard spelling of tomyam


dupa

Indonesian: dupa

desc

→ Lindu: dupa (“perfume; incense, aromatic resin”)

→ Tagalog: dupâ (“incense”)

→ Ternate: dupa (“incense”)

From Classical Malay دوڤا (dupa), from Sanskrit धूप (dhūpa).


sepuluh

سڤولوه (Jawi)
satu puluh (alternative)
sĕpuloh (alternative)
sapuloh (alternative)
săpuloh (alternative)

Indonesian: sepuluh

North Moluccan Malay: sapulu, spulu

From Proto-Malayic *sA-puluh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sa-puluq, from Proto-Austronesian *sa-puluq. By surface analysis, se- + puluh.
First attested in the Kedukan Bukit inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (sapulu).


lipan

ms-noun

lipan (Jawi spelling ليڤن, plural lipan-lipan)

> Indonesian: lipan (inherited)

From Proto-Malayic *hAlilipan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qalu-hipan, from Proto-Austronesian *qalu-Sipan. Doublet of halipan.


salin

> Indonesian: salin (inherited)

desc

→ North Moluccan Malay: saleng (“to pour”)

From (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salin.

persalinan [causative passive + resultative

menyalinkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

menyalini [agent focus + causative benefactive]

disalinkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

disalini [patient focus + causative benefactive]

mempersalinkan [causative agent focus + causative benefactive]

mempersalini [causative agent focus + causative benefactive]

dipersalinkan [causative passive focus + causative benefactive]

dipersalini [causative passive focus + causative benefactive]


sukan

ms-noun

sukan (Jawi spelling سوکن, plural sukan-sukan)


maun

maun (Jawi spelling ماون, plural maun-maun)


makaroni

ماكاروني (Jawi)

Borrowed from Italian maccaroni, obsolete variant of maccheroni (“macaroni”), via English macaroni.

Setelah gerainya yang menjual pelbagai hidangan sup seperti mi, kuetiau, makaroni dan bihun sup serta nasi air dengan RM1 semangkuk, tular di media sosial tahun lepas, dia tidak menang tangan melayan pelanggan.

2020 June 19, “Pemilik gerai mi RM1 tidak berhasrat naikkan harga [Owner of RM1 noodle stall does not intend to raise price]”, in Astro AWANI:

After his stall which sells a variety of soup dishes such as noodles, kway teow, macaroni, soup bihun and nasi air for RM1 a bowl, went viral on social media last year, he was busy serving customers.


setia

→ Indonesian: setia

Borrowed from Sanskrit सत्य (satya, “true, truth”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hsatyám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsatyás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁sn̥t-yó-s, from *h₁sónts, from *h₁es- (“to be”).

kawan setia


alam

alam (Jawi spelling عالم, plural alam-alam)

→ Hanunoo: alam

→ Hiligaynon: alam

→ Indonesian: alam

→ Tagalog: alam

(biology, taxonomy) kingdom: A rank in the classification of organisms, below domain and above phylum; a taxon at that rank (e.g. the plant kingdom, the animal kingdom).


perata

perata (Jawi spelling ڤرات, plural perata-perata)


semut

semut (Jawi spelling سموت, plural semut-semut)

سموت (Jawi)
semut-semut (plural)
samut (alternative)

> Indonesian: semut (inherited)


Wikipedia

ويکيڤيديا (Jawi)

Borrowed from English Wikipedia. Equivalent to a blend of wiki + ensiklopedia.


divisi

Borrowed from Indonesian divisi (“division”), from Dutch divisie, from Old French division, from Latin divisio, divisionem. Doublet of divisyen.

bor+

(biology) division: a rank below kingdom and above class, particularly used of plants or fungi, also (particularly of animals) called a phylum; a taxon at that rank.


transfusi

ترنسفوسي (Jawi)


sepatu

Indonesian: sepatu

→ Hokkien: 十巴拄 (si̍p-pa-tú), 巴拄 (pa-tú)

Borrowed from Portuguese sapato. Compare Spanish zapato, Tagalog sapatos.


kasut

ms-noun

kasut (Jawi spelling کاسوت, plural kasut-kasut)

Possibly borrowed from Portuguese calçado.


siri

siri (Jawi spelling سيري, plural siri-siri)

سيري (Jawi)
siri-siri (plural)
seri (alternative)


siri

pembunuh bersiri


kak

term of address for a female acquaintance who is older but in the same generation


kurus

From Sanskrit कृश (kṛśa, “thin”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *kr̥śás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥ćás (“thin”), from Proto-Indo-European *kr̥ḱós (“thin, emaciated”), from *kerḱ- (“to wane, become thin”).


soya

ms-noun

soya (Jawi spelling سويا, plural soya-soya)

Possibly borrowed from Indonesian soya, from Dutch soja, from Japanese そや.


kupu-kupu

kupu-kupu (Jawi spelling کوڤو٢, plural kupu-kupu)

→ Macanese: copo-copo


rama-rama

rama-rama (Jawi spelling راما٢, plural rama-rama)

راما٢ (Jawi)
rama-rama (plural)
rerama (alternative)


miskal

From Arabic مِثْقَال (miṯqāl, “weight, unit of weight”).

bor

mithqal, a unit of measure for weighing gold or silver, equivalent to around 4,2 grams.


lanas

ms-noun

lanas (Jawi spelling لانس, plural lanas-lanas)


asfalt

asfalt (Jawi spelling اسفلت, plural asfalt-asfalt)

اسفلت (Jawi)
asfalt-asfalt (plural)
aspal (alternative)


-isme

Borrowed from Dutch -isme and English -ism, ultimately from Ancient Greek -ισμός (-ismós). Attested in the Kitab Vortaro published in 1923. Formerly used in the forms -izem/-izam and -isma in Malaysia, although the latter form is still found in some "-ism words" that refer to entities such as prisma and organisma.

nasionalisme


-isme

kataklisme


awal

awal (Jawi spelling اول, plural awal-awal)


awal

> Indonesian: awal (inherited)

→ Tausug: awwal


servis

servis (Jawi spelling سرۏيس, plural servis-servis)


longkang

longkang (Jawi spelling لوڠکڠ, plural longkang-longkang)


reca

reca (Jawi spelling رچا, plural reca-reca)


atlet

atlet (Jawi spelling اتليت, plural atlet-atlet)

اتليت (Jawi)
atlet-atlet (plural)
atlit (alternative)

From English athlete, from Ancient Greek ἀθλητής (athlētḗs), from ἀθλέω (athléō, “compete for a prize”), from ἆθλον (âthlon, “prize”) or ἆθλος (âthlos, “competition”).

cross country running
cross country running

A participant in a group of sporting activities which includes track and field, road running, cross country running and racewalking.

An athlete:
Someone who is active in sports.


atletik

اتليتيک (Jawi)

From English athletic, from French athlétique and Latin āthlēticus, from Ancient Greek ἀθλητικός (athlētikós, “relating to an athlete”), from ἀθλητής (athlētḗs, “athlete”). By surface analysis, atlet + -ik.


atletik

اتليتيک (Jawi)

From English athletics. By surface analysis, atlet + -ik.

(uncommon) A group of sporting activities including track and field, road running, cross country and racewalking.


automatik

Borrowed from English automatic, from French automatique, from Ancient Greek αὐτόματον (autómaton), neuter of αὐτόματος (autómatos, “self-moving, moving of oneself, self-acting, spontaneous”).

automatic (capable of operating without external control)


Filipina

فيليڤينا (Jawi)

Philippines (a country in Southeast Asia)


Singapura

سيڠاڤورا (Jawi)

→ English: Singapore

From Sanskrit सिंह (siṃhá, “lion”) and पुर (pura, “city”).

Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony and state of Malaysia (1963-1965))


Kristian

کريستيان (Jawi)

From English Christian, from Middle English Cristien, from Old French chrestien, from Latin Chrīstiānus, from Ancient Greek Χρῑστιᾱνός (Khrīstiānós), from Χρῑστός (Khrīstós, “Christ, anointed [one]”) + Latin suffix -ānus.


abadi

Indonesian: abadi

→ Maguindanao: abadi

From Classical Malay ابادي (abadi), borrowed from Persian ابدی (“endless”), from Arabic أَبَدِيّ (ʔabadiyy, “eternal, everlasting, endless”). By surface analysis, abad + -i.

kehidupan abadi

Eternal, everlasting:
Having a beginning but no ending.

cinta abadi

Eternal, everlasting:
Existing or lasting forever.


sistem

ms-noun

sistem (Jawi spelling سيستم, plural sistem-sistem)


ideologi

ideologi (Jawi spelling ايديولوݢي, plural ideologi-ideologi)

ايديولوݢي (Jawi)
ideologi-ideologi (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from English ideology, from French idéologie.


naik

> Indonesian: naik (inherited)

From Classical Malay ناءيق (naik), possibly a reduction from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *panahik (“climb”).
First attested in the Kedukan Bukit inscription, 683 CE, as Old Malay [script needed] (nāyik).

menaik-menaik [agent focus + reduplication]

menaikkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

menaiki [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dinaikkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

dinaiki [patient focus + causative benefactive]

to ride in or on something, to travel (in a vehicle)


biologi

بيولوݢي (Jawi)

Standard pronunciation, from Kamus Dewan Perdana


ekologi

ekologi (Jawi spelling ايکولوݢي, plural ekologi-ekologi)

ايکولوݢي (Jawi)
ekologi-ekologi (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch ecologie. By surface analysis, eko- + -logi.


farmakologi

فرماکولوݢي (Jawi)


tipu

> Indonesian: tipu (inherited)

→ Maguindanao: tipu


adenovirus

adenovirus (Jawi spelling ادينۏيروس, plural adenovirus-adenovirus)

ادينۏيروس (Jawi)
adenovirus-adenovirus (plural)

(medicine) adenovirus (any virus of the family Adenoviridae, many of which are responsible for respiratory infections in humans)


pigi

Ambonese Malay: pigi

North Moluccan Malay: pigi

Papuan Malay: pigi

Indonesian: pigi

Makka ſa-ůrang lain mů rit-n’ja berkatta kapada dia: Tůanků, beerla aků pigi bertanam Bappaků dahůlů.

1612, Albert Cornelius Ruyl, Translation of the Gospel of Matthew into Malay, 8:21:

And another of his disciples said unto him, Lord, suffer me first to go and bury my father.


makam

makam (Jawi spelling مقام, plural makam-makam)

> Indonesian: makam (inherited)

permakaman [causative passive + resultative

memakamkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]


biosfera

biosfera (Jawi spelling بيوسفيرا, plural biosfera-biosfera)

بيوسفيرا (Jawi)
biosfera-biosfera (plural)
biosfer (alternative Indonesia)


banteng

Indonesian: banteng

→ English: banteng

→ German: Banteng

→ Italian: banteng

→ Russian: бантенг (banteng)

A wild ox, Bos javanicus, found in Borneo, Malaysia and the Indochina peninsula.


helo

Helo, awak di mana sekarang?


suari

suari (Jawi spelling سواري, plural suari-suari)


morfem

morfem (Jawi spelling مورفيم, plural morfem-morfem)


pudina

pudina (Jawi spelling ڤودينا, plural pudina-pudina)


-if

pasif

normatif

agresif


elit

élit (Jawi spelling ايليت, plural elit-elit)

élit (canonical)
ايليت (Jawi)
elit-elit (plural)
elite (alternative)


Ă

(obsolete) The second letter of the 1927–1972 Malay alphabet, written in Latin script.


otot

otot (Jawi spelling اوتوت, plural otot-otot)

From Javanese otot, from Old Javanese ot-ot, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uʀat uʀat, reduplication of *uʀat, from Proto-Austronesian *huʀaC. Doublet of urat.


beca

beca (Jawi spelling بيچا, plural beca-beca)

From Late Classical Malay بيچا (beca), from Hokkien 馬車 /马车 (bé-chhia).


arak

Indonesian: arak

→ Aklanon: aeak

→ Bikol Central: arak

→ Casiguran Dumagat Agta: alak

→ Central Bontoc: alak

→ Central Dusun: talak

→ Chamorro: arak

→ Coastal Kadazan: talak

→ Hanunoo: alak

→ Ilocano: arak

→ Kankanaey: alak

→ Limos Kalinga: alak

→ Kapampangan: alak

→ Pangasinan: alak

→ Tagalog: alak


arak

Indonesian: arak

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aʀak (“walk single-file; be positioned one behind the other”).

inh

arak-arakan [reduplication + resultative

perarakan [causative passive + resultative


turun

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuRun (“to descend, go down; to lower”). Compare Balinese tuun and Tetum tun.

Kami akan turun ke hilir kejap lagi.

Kemudian saya turun ke Australia.

(intransitive) To go from a higher place to a lower place (in terms of geography).

(intransitive) To go from the countryside to the city.

To go down, to descend.
To go from the countryside to the city.

Kadar faedah akan turun, percayalah aku.

(intransitive) To go down, to descend.
(intransitive) To decrease.

Air laut turun pada waktu petang.

(intransitive) To set (of the sun, moon, etc.).

(figurative, intransitive) To recede (of anger, lust, etc.).

Aku nak turun kat stesen TRX ni.

Para penumpang diminta turun segera dari tren akibat kecemasan.

Passengers are asked to alight immediately from the train due to an emergency.

(ambitransitive) To get off, to alight (of a mode of transport).

(intransitive) To be inherited, to be passed down.

Salji turun semasa musim sejuk.

(intransitive) To fall (of rain, snow, etc.).

(intransitive) To fade (lose colour or brightness).


turun

(transitive) To write down something again.


koki

ms-noun

koki (Jawi spelling کوکي, plural koki-koki)

کوکي (Jawi)
koki-koki (plural)
kauki (alternative)

fruit and leaves of any Lycium species used in cooking: goji, wolfberry


korona

korona (Jawi spelling کورونا, plural korona-korona)


pulut

pulut (Jawi spelling ڤولوت, plural pulut-pulut)

Indonesian: pulut

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *pulut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pulut (“birdlime, sticky sap of breadfruit, etc.”).

inh

a generic name for cakes made out of glutinous rice


selamat makan

ms-interj

selamat makan (Jawi spelling سلامت ماکن)

سلامت ماکن (Jawi)


بلدي

ms-noun

بلدي (plural بلدي-بلدي or بلدي٢)


باريس

باريس (plural باريس-باريس or باريس٢)

باريس-باريس (plural)
باريس٢ (plural)
بارس (alternative)


panas

From Proto-Malayic *panas, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *panas.


panas

Indonesian: panas

memanaskan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

memanasi [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dipanaskan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

dipanasi [patient focus + causative benefactive]


apit

Indonesian: apit

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapit, from Proto-Austronesian *Sapit (“press together, press between two surfaces”).

inh

memperapitkan [causative agent focus + causative benefactive]

diperapitkan [causative passive focus + causative benefactive]

bulan Apit: month of Zulkaedah, named after its position between Syawal and Zulhijjah

to squeeze, press or wedge something between two detached or separate surfaces


اله

ms-noun

اله (plural اله-اله or اله٢)


kripton

From English krypton, from neuter form of Ancient Greek κρυπτός (kruptós).


kobalt

From English cobalt, from German Kobold.


elektron

From English electron, from Ancient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron).

(particle physics) electron (the negatively charged subatomic particles that orbit atoms)


dwi-

From dwi, from Sanskrit द्वि (dvi), from द्व (dvá), from Proto-Indo-European *dwó, *dwóh₁.


raksi

From Pali rasa, from Sanskrit रस (rasa). Doublet of raksa, rasa, and resi.


raksi

raksi (Jawi spelling رقسي, plural raksi-raksi)


solat

solat (Jawi spelling صلاة, plural solat-solat)


autokrat

autokrat (Jawi spelling اءوتوکرت, plural autokrat-autokrat)

اءوتوکرت (Jawi)
autokrat-autokrat (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch autocraat (“autocrat”), from French autocrate, from Ancient Greek αὐτοκρατής (autokratḗs).


ekspres

From English express, from Latin expressare, from ex- (“out”) + pressare (“press”).


rengit

ms-noun

rengit (Jawi spelling رڠيت, plural rengit-rengit)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *rəŋit (“gnat; midge”). Compare Sundanese reungit (“mosquito”), Ponosakan yongit (“mosquito”), Brunei Malay rangit (“mosquito”).


sarjan

sarjan-sarjan (plural)
sèrsan (alternative)

From English sergeant, from Middle English sergeant, sergeaunt, serjent, serjaunt, serjawnt, sergant, from Old French sergeant, sergent, serjant, sergient, sergant (“sergeant, servant”), from Medieval Latin servientem, accusative of serviens (“a servant, vassal, soldier, apparitor”), from Latin serviēns (“serving”), present participle of serviō (“serve, be a slave to”).

sergeant (non-commissioned officer in several armed forces)


reken

From Dutch reken, rekenen, from Middle Dutch rēkenen, from Old Dutch *rekanon, from Proto-Germanic *rekanōną, indirectly derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-.


arca

ms-noun

arca (Jawi spelling ارچا, plural arca-arca)

From Sanskrit अर्चा (arcā, “worship, idol”).

(uncommon, dated, archaic) sculpture, idol

a shadow that can be seen in the mirror, through a camera lens or when dreaming


hisap batang

From hisap (“to suck”) + batang (“rod, stick”).


biola

ms-noun

biola (Jawi spelling بيولا, plural biola-biola)

Indonesian: biola


gereja

gereja (Jawi spelling ݢرجا or ݢريجا, plural gereja-gereja)

ݢرجا (Jawi)
ݢريجا (Jawi)
gereja-gereja (plural)

Indonesian: gereja

[ˈɡə.rə.d͡ʒə]

Borrowed from Portuguese igreja, from Old Galician-Portuguese igreja, from Latin ecclēsia, from Ancient Greek ἐκκλησία (ekklēsía, “congregation”).

der

(Christianity) church (a house of worship)


ter-

From Classical Malay ter-, from Proto-Malayic *tAr-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taʀ-, from Proto-Austronesian *taʀ-.

ter- + tidur (“sleep”) → tertidur (“(accidentally) slept”)

accidental aspect of the passive intransitive verb

ter- + jatuh (“fall”) → terjatuh (“(suddenly) fall”)

momentane aspect of the passive intransitive verb

ter- + letak (“to place”) → terletak (“have been placed”)

ter- + sangka (“to suspect”) → tersangka (“to be suspected”)

perfective aspect of the passive transitive verb

ter- + beli (“to buy”) → terbeli (“to be able to buy”)

ter- + besar (“big”) → terbesar (“biggest”)

ter- + panjang (“long”) → terpanjang (“longest”)

used to form the superlative of adjectives and adverbs.


jakun

Indonesian: jakun

→ English: jakun

From extension of the Malay Jakun, an indigenous ethnic group inhabiting the jungles of Pahang, Johor and Negeri Sembilan.

(informal, offensive, Malaysia) jakun: being too excited, bad-tempered, unruly, or unsophisticated.


protokol

ms-noun

protokol (Jawi spelling ڤروتوکول, plural protokol-protokol)

ڤروتوکول (Jawi)
protokol-protokol (plural)


hangat

From Proto-Malayic *haŋət, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaŋət (“warm”).

Hangatnya air ni!

menghangatkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dihangatkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


-ik

Borrowed from English -ic, from Old French -ique, from Latin -icus, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos, *-ḱos, formed with the i-stem suffix *-i- and the adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos.

saintifik


-ik

linguistik


-ik

unik


taun

Indonesian: taun


kotek

kotek (Jawi spelling کوتيق, plural kotek-kotek)


fiil

fiil (Jawi spelling فعل, plural fiil-fiil)


barua

barua (Jawi spelling باروا, plural barua-barua)

A pimp; someone who seeks prostitutes for customers.

A person hired to perform vice or crimes.


حيوان

حيوان (plural حيوان-حيوان or حيوان٢)


teka

Indonesian: teka

Teka jawaban


gerila

gerila (Jawi spelling ݢريلا, plural gerila-gerila)

ݢريلا (Jawi)
gerila-gerila (plural)
gerilya (alternative)

guerrilla (a kind of soldier; less commonly, a kind of war)


tanak

Indonesian: tanak

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *tanək, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tanək, from Proto-Austronesian *taNək (“to cook anything but rice”).

inh

(transitive) to cook (prepare (food) for eating)

tanak-tanakan [reduplication + resultative

menanakkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

ditanakkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


studen

ms-noun

studen (Jawi spelling ستودن, plural studen-studen)

From English student, from Middle English student, studient, from Old French estudiant, estudiente, from Latin studēns, present participle of studeō (“dedicate oneself to, study”).

(colloquial) A student at a tertiary education institution.


sosialisme

سوسياليسمى (Jawi)

Borrowed from Indonesian sosialisme, from Dutch socialisme, from French socialisme. By surface analysis, sosial + -isme.


katil

katil (Jawi spelling کاتيل, plural katil-katil)

> Indonesian: katil (inherited)

→ Balinese: ᬓᬢᬶᬮ᭄

→ Bonggi: katil

→ Sundanese: ᮊᮒᮤᮜ᮪ (katil)

Borrowed from Tamil கட்டில் (kaṭṭil). Cognate with Portuguese catre, English cot.


kanser

kanser (Jawi spelling کنسر, plural kanser-kanser)

کنسر (Jawi)
kanser-kanser (plural)
kanker (alternative)


kehilangan

kehilangan (Jawi spelling کهيلڠن, plural kehilangan-kehilangan)

کهيلڠن (Jawi)
kehilangan-kehilangan (plural)


kehilangan

کهيلڠن (Jawi)

Aqil kehilangan duit belanjanya.


benar

From Proto-Malayic *bənər, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bənər.

Merah benar jambu air ini.


benar

Indonesian: benar

→ Maranao: benar

→ Tagalog: banal

→ Tausug: bunnal

membenari [agent focus + causative benefactive]

membenarkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

memerbenar [causative passive + agent focus]


sayur

sayur (Jawi spelling سايور, plural sayur-sayur)

> Indonesian: sayur (inherited)

→ Tausug: sayul

→ Yakan: sayul


panggang

From Proto-Malayic *paŋgaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paŋgaŋ (“roast over a fire; toast”).

inh

memanggangkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dipanggangkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


panggang

Indonesian: panggang

?⇒ Thai: พะแนง (pá-nɛɛng)

ayam panggang

ikan panggang

pulut panggang


timun

ms-noun

timun (Jawi spelling تيمون, plural timun-timun)

تيمون (Jawi)
timun-timun (plural)
mentimun (alternative)
hentimun (alternative)
ketimun (alternative)

Indonesian: timun

→ West Makian: timu

→ Hokkien: ti-mun

→ Teochew: ti-mun

From Proto-Malayic *timun, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatimun.


goreng

Onomatopoeic. Cognate with Javanese ꦒꦺꦴꦫꦺꦁ (goréng).

to fry, to cook something by partial contact woth or full immersion in hot oil

(archaic) to roast grains (rice, nuts) directly on a hot wok or cauldron

Goreng je jawapan tu

Just make some answer up [to that question].

(Malaysia, colloquial) to improvise, to wing, to make stuff up on the spot


goreng

menggorengkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]


goreng

Onomatopoeic, imitating strummed guitar strings.

(Malaysia, music) Chiefly in rock and heavy metal: to shred i.e. play a guitar very fast and in a way that requires technical skill.


goreng

(Malaysia, music) shredding, skill of plucking a guitar string at an upbeat tempo


garam

garam (Jawi spelling ݢارم, plural garam-garam)

desctree

Indonesian: garam
→ Indonesian Bajau: garam

From Proto-Malayic *garəm (“grain”). Cognate with Sasak garem (“grain”).


sama-sama

you're welcome, used in reply to terima kasih ("thank you"), has a connotation of same to you ("sama" means same)


maaf

معاف (Jawi)
maap (alternative)
mahap (alternative)

Borrowed from Classical Persian مُعَاف (mu'āf), from Arabic مُعَافًى (muʕāfan).


maaf

maaf zahir dan batin
maaf zahir dan batin#Malay


maaf

Maaf, bukan itu yang saya maksudkan.

Maaf, adik tahu tak kat mana tandas?

Excuse me, do you know where the toilet is?

Used as a polite apology in various situations such as when attempting to get someone's attention; excuse me.


maaf

Sampai hari kiamat pun aku tak kan maaf dia.

I won't forgive him even until judgement day.


sampai

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sampay₂ (“up to, as far as, until”).

inh

Baca sampai habis.


sampai

Ayah dah sampai!

Minta sampaikan mesej ini kepada Tey.

to present; to pass something; to convey (as 'sampaikan')


selamat pagi

good morning (when seeing someone for the first time in the morning)


lipat

> Indonesian: lipat (inherited)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lipət, from Proto-Austronesian *lipət.

melipatkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

melipati [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dilipatkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

dilipati [patient focus + causative benefactive]


sato

ساتو (Jawi)
satwa (alternative)
ستوا (alternative)
ساتو (alternative)

From Javanese, from Sanskrit सत्त्व (sattva).


korek

Indonesian: korék


suami

ms-noun

suami (Jawi spelling سوامي, plural suami-suami)

Indonesian: suami

Borrowed from Sanskrit स्वामी (svāmī), singular nominative of स्वामिन् (svāmín). Doublet of sami.

mempersuamikan [causative agent focus + causative benefactive]


pelacur

pelacur (Jawi spelling ڤلاچور, plural pelacur-pelacur)

prostitute (a person having sex for profit)


amput

amput (Jawi spelling امڤوت, plural amput-amput)

Indonesian: amput

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puət with epenthesis.


antikristus

انتکريستوس (Jawi)


segar

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *se(ŋ)ger (“feel fit, healthy”). Cognate with Old Javanese seger and Balinese seger.

inh

healthy, fit (of plants, animals, humans)


merdeka

Indonesian: mêrdèka

→ Dutch: mardijker

→ English: Merdeka

Elision of merdeheka from Sanskrit महर्द्धिक (maharddhika, “prosperous”), first attested in the Kota Kapur inscription, 686 CE, as Old Malay [script needed] (maharddhika), Cognate of Buginese ᨆᨑᨙᨉᨀ, Tagalog maharlika.

der

memerdekakan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

akhbar merdeka

news that is not affiliate with any political party

merdeka ayam

free to do anything as desire; absolute freedom

Setiap fajar begitu dihayati ufuk merdeka; kebahagiaan yang wajib kita membinanya.

2005, A. Samad Said, A. Samad Said: Sebuah antologi puisi yang menghimpunkan karya-karya selama setengah abad [A. Samad Said: An anthology of poems assembled from works spanning half a century], Utusan Publications, Langsir Merdeka (Poem No. 119), page 394:

Every hue of dawn is much appreciated by the horizon of freedom; happiness that is compulsory for all of us to build.

بهاواسڽ كران تله تيباله ماسڽ باڬي اومت ڤرسكوتوان تانه ملايو اين منچاڤأي تارف سواتو بڠسا يڠ مرديك لاڬي بردولت سام ستيمڤل كدودوكنڽ دڠن سڬالا بڠسا سلوروه دنيا

1957 August 31, Tunku Abdul Rahman, Pemasyhuran Kemerdekaan Tanah Melayu [Malayan Declaration of Independence]:

Whereas the time has now arrived when the people of the Persekutuan Tanah Melayu will assume the status of a free independent and sovereign nation among nations of the World.

(Bahawasanya kerana telah tibalah masanya bagi umat Persekutuan Tanah Melayu ini mencapai taraf suatu bangsa yang merdeka lagi berdaulat sama setimpal kedudukannya dengan segala bangsa seluruh dunia.)

Bendera negara bukan hanya sekadar sehelai kain yang mempunyai warna atau motif tertentu bahkan ia adalah simbol identiti sesebuah negara yang merdeka lagi berdaulat.

2018 February 16, Normazlina M.D, “Simbol negara merdeka [Symbol of an independent nation]”, in Media Permata, archived from the original on 2019-08-18:

The national flag is not just a piece of cloth that has a certain color or motif. In fact, it is a symbol of the identity of a nation that is independent and sovereign.

Independent:
(of a polity) Not ruled by others.

Not dependent on other people; self-reliant.


apakah

Apakah, dia yang main tipu rupanya?!

What, so he was the one who's been cheating?!

Used to express surprise or disbelief; "what!".


apakah

Apakah nama buku yang kita baca malam semalam?

What is the name of the book that we read last night?

Apakah tujuan Ikmal sebenarnya?

2003, Nor Arlisa Irena Abu Bakar, Penulis buku politik Kelantan tiada agenda:

Interrogative pronoun used to inquire something about a certain thing; what.

Apakah kita tidak mampu berdikari lagi?

Is it the case that we can't stand by ourselves anymore?

Apakah akhirnya dia akan kembali pada tanah?

Is it that he will finally return to land?

Interrogative pronoun used to inquire about the truth of a statement; "is it that", "is it the case that".


aduh

ادوه (Jawi)
adoi (alternative)
waduh (alternative)

Indonesian: aduh

North Moluccan Malay: ado

→ Petjo: adoeh, adoe

From Proto-Malayic *aduh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aduq.

ouch (expression of pain, discomfort or shock)


lilin

ms-noun

lilin (Jawi spelling ليلين, plural lilin-lilin)

Indonesian: lilin


aksi

aksi (Jawi spelling اکسي, plural aksi-aksi)

Borrowed from Dutch actie (“action”) (attested as actie, with orthographic borrowing from Indonesian aksi (“action”)), from Latin āctiō (“act of doing or making”), from āctus + action suffix -iō, perfect passive participle of agere (“do, act”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti. Semantic loan from English action for senses other than action. Doublet of eksyen.

obor

action (something done so as to accomplish a purpose)

cool, handsome, attractive (of clothing, behaviour)


aktif

Borrowed from English active, from Middle English actyf, from Old French actif, from Latin activus, from agere (“to do, to act”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti.

Given to action; constantly engaged in action; energetic, diligent.

In action; actually proceeding; working; in force.

(grammar, linguistics) Being in the passive voice.


asuransi

asuransi-asuransi (plural)
assurantie (alternative)
insurans (alternative)

From Dutch assurantie, from Middle Dutch asseurancie, from Old French asseurance. Orthographic borrowing from Indonesian asuransi. Ultimately doublet of insurans.


Yunani

From Arabic اليُونَان (al-yūnān, “Greece”), from Persian یونان (yunân), from Ancient Greek Ἰωνία (Iōnía, “Ionia”).

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English


Yunani

Indonesian: Yunani

(relational) Greek, relating to Greece, the Greek people, or the Greek language.


bangku

ms-noun

bangku (Jawi spelling بڠکو, plural bangku-bangku)

desctree

> Indonesian: bangku (inherited)
→ Ternate: bangku

→ Iban: bangku

Borrowed from Portuguese banco. Doublet of bank.

kaki bangku

bench's legs; person that is bad at playing football


bangku

بڠکو (Jawi)
bangku-bangku (plural)
bangkuh (alternative)

(botany) a kind of tree (Syzygium claviflorum)


baterai

ms-noun

baterai (Jawi spelling باتراي, plural baterai-baterai)

From Indonesian baterai, from Dutch batterij from Middle French batterie, from Old French baterie. Doublet of bateri.

(Riau) battery: a device used to power electric devices.


bengkel

bengkel (Jawi spelling بيڠکيل, plural bengkel-bengkel)


berlian

berlian (Jawi spelling برليان, plural berlian-berlian)

Indonesian: berlian

Borrowed from English brilliant, from French brillant (late 17th century), present participle of the verb briller, from Italian brillare, possibly from Latin berillus, beryllus (“a beryl, gem, eyeglass”), from Ancient Greek βήρυλλος (bḗrullos, “beryl”).

der

cincin berlian

A gemstone made from diamond; a diamond or brilliant.


bigami

ms-noun

bigami (Jawi spelling بيݢامي, plural bigami-bigami)

From Dutch bigamie, from French bigamie.


biskop

biskop (Jawi spelling بيسکوڤ, plural biskop-biskop)

Borrowed from Dutch bisschop (“bishop”), from Middle Dutch bischop, from Old Dutch biskop, from Latin episcopus, from Ancient Greek ἐπίσκοπος (epískopos). Doublet of uskup.


engsel

hinge (device for the pivoting of a door)


fanatik

فاناتيک (Jawi)


فهم

فهم (plural فهم-فهم or فهم٢)


surah

surah (Jawi spelling سورة, plural surah-surah)


سوس

سوس (plural سوس-سوس or سوس٢)


کارا

کارا (plural کارا-کارا or کارا٢)


kewarganegaraan

کورݢانݢاراءن

kewarganegaraan (Jawi spelling کورݢانݢاراءن, plural kewarganegaraan-kewarganegaraan)

کورݢانݢاراءن (Jawi)
kewarganegaraan-kewarganegaraan (plural)

Kewarganegaraan Malaysia


lereng

lereng (Jawi spelling ليريڠ, plural lereng-lereng)


sayang

sayang (Jawi spelling سايڠ, plural sayang-sayang)

سايڠ (Jawi)
sayang-sayang (plural)
ayang (alternative)
yang (alternative)
cayang (alternative childish)
syg (alternative Internet)

Indonesian: sayang

→ English: sayang

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sayaŋ (“too bad! it’s a pity! what a shame!”).


sayang

Indonesian: sayang

→ English: sayang

→ Hokkien: 捎央, 沙央 (sa-iang)

ayang (alternative)
yang (alternative)
cayang (alternative childish)
syg (alternative Internet)


sayang

سايڠ (Jawi)
ayang (alternative)
yang (alternative)
cayang (alternative childish)
syg (alternative Internet)

Indonesian: sayang

→ English: sayang


sayang

Indonesian: sayang

→ English: sayang

→ Hokkien: 捎央, 沙央 (sa-iang)


biskut

biskut-biskut (plural)
biskuit (alternative)


depa

Indonesian: depa

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dəpah, from Proto-Austronesian *dəpah. Cognate with Tagalog dipa and Malagasy refy.

Panjang depa seseorang manusia kebiasaannya sama panjang dengan tingginya.

The length of one's arm span is usually as long as one's height is tall.

fathom, a unit of measurement taking up the length from the tip of the right hand to the tip of the left hand; arm span.

mendepakan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

didepakan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


jantung

[ˈd͡ʒan̪t̪ʊŋ]

From Proto-Malayic *jantuŋ. Cognate with Acehnese jantong.

Peluru jantung.


jantung

ms-noun

jantung (Jawi spelling جنتوڠ, plural jantung-jantung)

> Indonesian: jantung (inherited)

→ Javanese: ꦗꦤ꧀ꦠꦸꦁ (jantung)

→ Tausug: jantung

[ˈd͡ʒan̪t̪ʊŋ]

Jantungku mula berdegup apabila melihat Siti.

My heart started pounding when I saw Siti.

Pisang dan articok mengeluarkan jantung untuk berbunga.

Bananas and artichokes produce buds to bloom.

(botany) a flower bud (of banana and artichoke).


serangan jantung

serangan jantung (Jawi spelling سرڠن جنتوڠ)

سرڠن جنتوڠ (Jawi)

From serangan (“attack”) + jantung (“heart”).

Seorang suspek kes pecah rumah di sini meninggal dunia awal hari ini akibat serangan jantung ketika ditahan polis.

2013 September 17, “Suspek pecah rumah meninggal dunia akibat serangan jantung”, in Astro Awani:

A suspect in a burglary case here passed away earlier today due to a heart attack while being held by the police.


kini

masa kini


kini

kini terdapat di kedai yang berdekatan


tetak

Indonesian: tetak

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *tətək, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təktək, from Proto-Austronesian *təktək (“chopping to pieces, cutting up”).

inh

menetakkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

menetaki [agent focus + causative benefactive]

ditetakkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

ditetaki [patient focus + causative benefactive]


-iti

kualiti

entiti

kuantiti


bintang

ms-noun

bintang (Jawi spelling بينتڠ, plural bintang-bintang)

Indonesian: bintang

From Proto-Malayic *bintaŋ (compare Indonesian bintang), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bituqən (compare Tagalog bituin), from Proto-Austronesian *bituqən. Sense of "talented person, celebrity" is a semantic loan from English star.

Bintang itu boleh dilihat pada malam hari.

The stars can be seen at night of the day.

(informal) An asterisk (*), ellipsis of tanda bintang

An exceptionally talented or famous person, often in a specific field; a celebrity.


nombor

From English number. Compare Brunei Malay numbur.


huruf

huruf (Jawi spelling حروف, plural huruf-huruf)


neraka

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit नरक (naraka).


epal

ms-noun

épal (Jawi spelling ايڤل, plural epal-epal)

épal (canonical)
ايڤل (Jawi)
epal-epal (plural)
apêl (alternative)


biru

From Proto-Malayic *biru, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)biʀaw.


biru

biru (Jawi spelling بيرو, plural biru-biru)

Indonesian: biru


hijau

هيجاو (Jawi)
ijo (alternative)
ايجو (alternative)

Indonesian: hijau

From Proto-Malayic *hijaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)qizaw. Compare also Tagalog hiláw (“unripe”).

environmentally friendly
environmentally friendly


hijau

hijau (Jawi spelling هيجاو, plural hijau-hijau)

هيجاو (Jawi)
hijau-hijau (plural)
ijo (alternative)
ايجو (alternative)


kuning

From Proto-Malayic *kunit (compare Indonesian kuning, Minangkabau kuniang), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)kunij (compare Acehnese kuneng, Javanese kuning, Madurese koneng, Sasak koning, Sundanese koneng, West Coast Bajau kuning) hence doublet of kunyit.


kuning

kuning (Jawi spelling کونيڠ, plural kuning-kuning)


tikus

tikus (Jawi spelling تيکوس, plural tikus-tikus)


pokok

pokok (Jawi spelling ڤوکوق, plural pokok-pokok)

pokok keladi dan pokok bunga

pokok pangkal

perkara pokok


lengan

lengan (Jawi spelling لڠن, plural lengan-lengan)

Indonesian: lengan

From Proto-Malayic *ləŋən, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ləŋən (“forearm; lower arm”).


timur

تيمور (Jawi)
timor (alternative)
Timor (alternative)

Indonesian: timur

From Proto-Malayic *timur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *timuʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *timuʀ.


ular

ms-noun

ular (Jawi spelling اولر, plural ular-ular)

Indonesian: ular

From Proto-Malayic *ular, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hulaʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *Sulaʀ.


tebal

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tebel (“thick, of objects; dense, of crowds”). Cognate with Javanese tebel and Malagasy matevina.

inh+

buku tebal

having a great side-to-side measurement; broad, wide

tulisan tebal

fon tebal

thick
bold, chunky (of handwriting or lines)

awan tebal

thick
dense, murky (of clouds and fogs, etc.)

rambut tebal

bushy, heavy, jungly (of hair, foliage, grass, etc.)

kepercayaan tebal


kental

Probably from Javanese ꦏꦼꦤ꧀ꦛꦼꦭ꧀ (kenthel), from Old Javanese kandĕl (“thick”).


ayah

ms-noun

ayah (Jawi spelling ايه, plural ayah-ayah)

Indonesian: ayah

Peranakan Indonesian: ajah

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aya (“father’s sister, father’s sister’s husband”), from Proto-Austronesian *aya.

inh

ayah Daniel

(formal, polite) A father (male parent).


ayah

Borrowed from Hindi आया (āyā), from Portuguese aia.

(dated) A nursemaid, usually one of Indian ancestry.


lebah

ms-noun

lebah (Jawi spelling لبه, plural lebah-lebah)

Indonesian: lebah

seperti lebah, mulut bawa madu, pantat bawa sengat


kembang

kembang (Jawi spelling کمبڠ, plural kembang-kembang)

From Proto-Malayic *kəmbaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kəmbaŋ (compare Sundanese kembang).

flower (reproductive structure in angiosperms)


tembaga

From Prakrit *taMbaga, from Sanskrit ताम्रक (tāmraka, “copper”).


limau

limau (Jawi spelling ليماو, plural limau-limau)

Indonesian: limau

From Proto-Malayic *limaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *limaw; reconstructed by Robert Blust (compare Old Javanese limo (“a citrus fruit, the lime”); also compare Fijian moli (“an orange, general name for species of citrus fruits”), Tongan moli (“orange or other citrus fruit”) that are assumed to have undergone metathesis).
The claim that this form is derived from Portuguese limão is false based on the cognates found in Old Javanese and Oceanic languages.

cog

any member of the genus Citrus, especially its fruit


-it

sosialit


republik

ms-noun

républik (Jawi spelling ريڤوبليک, plural republik-republik)

républik (canonical)
ريڤوبليک (Jawi)
republik-republik (plural)

From Dutch republiek, from French république, from Latin rēspūblica or rēs pūblica.


sikat

Indonesian: sikat

→ Min Nan: 士健 (sǐ-kiāⁿ)


barang

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baraŋ (“marker of indefiniteness”). Meaning of "thing", "goods" or "item" was a late innovation in western Indonesia.
First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (varaṃ).

inh

Barang siapa

Barang apa


barang

ms-noun

barang (Jawi spelling بارڠ, plural barang-barang)


korg

Korg ada nak order pape?

korg ni kenapa bebal sgt makan apa korg ni

What did y'all ate for y'all to be this dumb

Harap ini membantu korg byeee.

2024 June 15, 🌈cherrybloom🌈, Lemon8, archived from the original on 2025-05-20:

(Internet, text messaging) Alternative form of korang


adu

From Classical Malay ادو (adu), from Old Malay hadu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *adu (“compete, confront in a contest”). See beradu.

inh

Mereka sedang adu tenaga.

They are currently competing in strength.

Dia adu musuhnya seorang diri.


adu

(Palace Malay, poetic) to sleep. See beradu.


tidur

تيدور (Jawi)
tidok (alternative dialectal)
tiduk (alternative dialectal)

From Proto-Malayic *tidur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuduʀ, (compare Sundanese tunduh, Tagalog tulog), from Proto-Austronesian *tuduʀ.

to sleep (to rest in state of reduced consciousness)


tidur

ms-noun

tidur (Jawi spelling تيدور, plural tidur-tidur)

تيدور (Jawi)
tidur-tidur (plural)
tidok (alternative dialectal)
tiduk (alternative dialectal)

> Indonesian: tidur (inherited)


teman wanita

teman wanita (plural teman-teman wanita)

Compound of teman (“friend”) + wanita (“lady, woman”). Literally, “lady friend”.


tembak

تيمبق (Jawi)
timbak (alternative obsolete)

From timbak, from Proto-Malayic *timbak, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ti(m)bak.


basah

From Proto-Malayic *basah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *basəq (“wet; wash clothes”) or Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ma-baseq (“wet, moist, damp”), from Proto-Austronesian *baseq (“wash clothes”).

inh

wet (of an object: covered with or impregnated with liquid)


angin

Indonesian: angin

From Proto-Malayic *aŋin, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *aŋin, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *aŋin, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *haŋin, from Proto-Austronesian *haŋin.


selimut

ms-noun

sĕlimut (Jawi spelling سليموت, plural selimut-selimut)

sĕlimut (canonical)
سليموت (Jawi)
selimut-selimut (plural)

> Indonesian: selimut (inherited)


kambing

kambing (Jawi spelling کمبيڠ, plural kambing-kambing)

کمبيڠ (Jawi)
kambing-kambing (plural)
kaming (alternative)
kambeng (alternative)

From Proto-Malayic *kambiŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kambiŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *kandiŋ.


burung hantu

burung hantu (Jawi spelling بوروڠ هنتو, plural burung-burung hantu)

بوروڠ هنتو (Jawi)
burung-burung hantu (plural)

From burung (“bird”) + hantu (“ghost”). Compare Brunei Malay burung antu.


kelinci

kĕlinci (Jawi spelling کلينچي, plural kelinci-kelinci)

kĕlinci (canonical)
کلينچي (Jawi)
kelinci-kelinci (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch konijntje, the diminutive of konijn.

(predominantly Java, Indonesia, rarely outside of Indonesia) rabbit

predominantly Java; rarely outside of Indonesia; predominantly Java; rarely outside of Indonesia


arnab

arnab (Jawi spelling ارنب, plural arnab-arnab)

From Arabic أَرْنَب (ʔarnab), from Proto-Semitic.


komunizem

(now nonstandard) Alternative form of komunisme.


gajah

gajah (Jawi spelling ݢاجه, plural gajah-gajah)

Indonesian: gajah

→ Bikol Central: gadyâ

→ Cebuano: gadyâ

→ Maguindanao: gajah

→ Tagalog: gadya

→ Tausug: gadja

Borrowed from Sanskrit गज (gaja). Partially displaced liman.

Gajah mempunyai kulit tebal.

nyamuk gajah


elang

elang (Jawi spelling الڠ, plural elang-elang)

Indonesian: elang

From Austroasiatic; compare Bahnar klang, Pacoh calang, Khmer ខ្លែង (khlaeng), Mang laːŋ¹, Central Nicobarese [Nancowry] kalâng and Chong kʰlaːˀŋ. Doublet of helang and lang.

eagle (Any of several large carnivorous birds in the family Accipitridae)


sempoa

sempoa-sempoa (plural)
sepua (alternative)
cepua (alternative)
suipoa (alternative)

Borrowed from Hokkien 算盤 /算盘 (sǹg-pôaⁿ).


gaji

gaji (Jawi spelling ݢاجي, plural gaji-gaji)

desctree

Indonesian: gaji, gadji (1901–1947, 1947–1972)
→ Ledo Kaili: gaji

→ Tausug: gadji

From Dutch gage, from Middle French gage (Modern French gage), from Old French gage, guage, from Frankish *waddī.

salary (fixed amount of money paid on monthly or annual basis)


tuduh

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuzuq₂ (“to point out, instruct”), from Proto-Austronesian *Cuzuq (“index finger”). Doublet of tujuh and tunjuk.

inh

Menteri Kewangan pemerintah Afrika Selatan telah dituduh bahawa beliau telah menyapu duit pembayar cukai.

The Finance Minister of the government of South Africa has been accused of embezzling the taxpayers' money.


dekat

دکت (Jawi)
kat (alternative)
dkt (alternative)
kt (alternative)

From Proto-Malayic *dəkət, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dəkət, from Proto-Austronesian *dekeC.

Ada satu cawangan McDonald's yang agak dekat dengan tempat ini.

There's one McDonald's branch that is quite close to this place.

Masa ujian matematik sudah dekat.

The time for the mathematics test is near.

Dia dekat dengan jiran-jirannya.

(figurative) Acquainted; being close friends.

Near, close.
Acquainted; being close friends.


dekat

Aku tidur dekat sejam saja malam semalam.

I slept for almost only one hour last night.


dekat

Saya beli buku ni dekat kedai tu.

(informal) At, in, on:
Within or nearing a location.

Adam baling bola tu dekat ayam tu.

In the direction of (used with animate and abstract objects).

Jangan marah dekat adik-beradik kamu.

Used to indicate the target or recipient of an action.

Tuangkan air dekat Adam.

(informal, dialectal) For:
For the benefit of.


autopsi

From English autopsy, from New Latin autopsia, from Ancient Greek αὐτοψία (autopsía, “seeing with one's own eyes”).

der

autopsy (a dissection performed on a cadaver)


statistik

statistic:
a single item in a statistical study.

a quantity calculated from the data in a sample, which characterises an important aspect in the sample (such as mean or standard deviation).


statistik

(Indonesian)

a discipline, principally within applied mathematics, concerned with the systematic study of the collection, presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data.

a systematic collection of data on measurements or observations, often related to demographic information such as population counts, incomes, population counts at different ages, etc.


geografi

From English geography, via Latin and French, from Ancient Greek γεωγραφία (geōgraphía), from γῆ (gê, “earth”) + γράφω (gráphō, “write”).

geography (study of physical structure and inhabitants of the Earth)


baling

ms-noun

baling (Jawi spelling باليڠ, plural baling-baling)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baliŋ.

inh+

A stone or any other object tied to a rope and then thrown by first swinging it around the head.


baling

(transitive) To throw an object tied to a rope in a way where it is first swung around the head.


baling

(dialectal, Perak) A member of the Herpestes genus.


pantai

ms-noun

pantai (Jawi spelling ڤنتاي, plural pantai-pantai)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pantay (“flat, level (of ground)”). Compare Tagalog pantay (“flat, level”). Note also resemblance to an areal Southeast Asian word for "sea", represented by Chinese 蓬萊／蓬莱 (pénglái).

zh-l

蓬萊／蓬莱 (pénglái)


obstetrik

اوبستيتريک (Jawi)
obstetri (alternative)


putu

> Indonesian: putu (inherited)

Borrowed from Tamil புட்டு (puṭṭu, “puttu”).

bor+

A type of kuih made from mung bean crushed with sugar.

A general term for a number of kuihs made out of rice flour.


siswa

ms-noun

siswa (Jawi spelling سيسوا, plural siswa-siswa)

Indonesian: siswa

→ Javanese: ꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦮ (siswa).

male student (person who studies an academic subject)


mahasiswa

mahasiswa (Jawi spelling مهاسيسوا, plural mahasiswa-mahasiswa)

مهاسيسوا (Jawi)
mahasiswa-mahasiswa (plural)

From Sanskrit महाशिष्य (mahāśiṣya). Equivalent to maha- + siswa.


Dominika

دومينيکا (Jawi)

Dominica (an island and country in the Caribbean)


kapten

kapten (Jawi spelling کڤتن, plural kapten-kapten)

کڤتن (Jawi)
kapten-kapten (plural)
kepten (alternative)

From English captain, from Middle English capitain, capteyn, from Old French capitaine, from Late Latin capitāneus, from Latin caput (“head”) (English cap). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kap-. Doublet of kapitan.

(military) An army or air force officer whose rank is higher than that of a lieutenant but lower than that of a major.

(military) A naval officer whose rank is higher than that of a commander but lower than that of a commodore.

(aviation) The first officer or co-pilot of an aircraft.

The person who administers the operation of a merchant ship or a passenger ship.

The leader of a squad or a team in a game (of football, hockey, and others).

Someone who has been given the power to lead an organization, group, and so on.


kes

kés (canonical)
کيس (Jawi)
kes-kes (plural)

From English case, from Middle English cas, from Old French cas (“an event”), from Latin cāsus (“a falling, a fall; accident, event, occurrence; occasion, opportunity; noun case”).

der

(medicine) an instance of a specific condition or set of symptoms.


algoritma

ms-noun

algoritma (Jawi spelling الݢوريتما, plural algoritma-algoritma)

الݢوريتما (Jawi)
algoritma-algoritma (plural)

Learned borrowing from Dutch algoritme, from Medieval Latin algorithmus, a by-form of algorismus introduced under the influence of Ancient Greek ἀριθμός (arithmós, “number”). A Latinization of Arabic الْخُوَارِزْمِيّ (al-ḵuwārizmiyy, “native of Khowarizm”), surname of the Persian mathematician Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī.

der

الْخُوَارِزْمِيّ

An algorithm (precise logical computational procedure).


beluncas

ms-noun

beluncas (Jawi spelling بلونچس, plural beluncas-beluncas)

بلونچس (Jawi)
beluncas-beluncas (plural)


berudu

berudu (Jawi spelling برودو, plural berudu-berudu)


kudeta

kudeta (Jawi spelling کوديتا, plural kudeta-kudeta)

Ultimately from French coup d'État (literally “stroke (or blow) of state”).


bayang

head

bayang (Jawi spelling بايڠ, also used in the form bayang-bayang)

بايڠ (Jawi)
bayang-bayang (also used-in-the-form)

Indonesian: bayang

reflection (of a mirror, body of water, etc.)


autisme

اءوتيسمى (Jawi)

Borrowed from English autism, from German Autismus.


mentol

(Indonesian)