rona

ms-noun

rona (Jawi spelling رونا, plural rona-rona)

رونا (Jawi)
rona-rona (plural)
رون (alternative)

Metathesized form of warna, from Sanskrit वर्ण (varṇa).

Dan mata-nya mĕmancar dĕngan rona bĕrahi.

1963, Arena Wati, Gelora, Pustaka Antara, page 245:

And his eyes shone with the colour of passion.

1981, Nazel Hashim Mohamad, Telatah, Eastern Universities Press (M), page 17,
Selama pohon bongor itu di situ selama itulah kubur si Apek bongkok akan dihiasi dengan bebunga rona ungu muda.

As long as the Giant Crape-myrtle tree is there, the grave of the hunched Chinaman will always be adorned with light purple-coloured flowers.

Merenung muka suaminya yang diam tenang dan tak bergerak, yang telah tidak ada rona lagi.

1997, Abdullah Hussain, Dari Kota Cahaya, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, page 350:

She stared at her husband's tranquil and unmoving face, which no longer bore any colour.


inai

Lawsonia inermis
Lawsonia inermis#Translingual


vokal

From Dutch vocaal (“vowel”), from Latin vōcālis.


خنزير

خنزير (plural خنزير-خنزير or خنزير٢)


tulang

tulang (Jawi spelling تولڠ, plural tulang-tulang)

Indonesian: tulang

From Proto-Malayic *tulaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuqəlaŋ, *tuqəlan, from Proto-Austronesian *CuqəlaN.

any hard base or stalk of something
(~ buku) spine of a book

any hard base or stalk of something
spine of a book

any hard base or stalk of something
(~ bumbung) ridgepole, purlin of a roof

any hard base or stalk of something
ridgepole, purlin of a roof

any hard base or stalk of something
(~ daun) midrib of leaf

any hard base or stalk of something
midrib of leaf


gunung

gunung (Jawi spelling ݢونوڠ, plural gunung-gunung)

Indonesian: gunung

Compare to Brunei Malay gunung, Sundanese gunung, and Javanese gunung.

pergunungan [causative passive + timespan


politikus

politikus (Jawi spelling ڤوليتيکوس, plural politikus-politikus)

ڤوليتيکوس (Jawi)
politikus-politikus (plural)

From Dutch politicus, from Latin polīticus, from Ancient Greek πολιτικός (politikós). First attested directly as politicus in the Kitab Vortaro in 1923.
The derogatory sense of this word is derived from another word, tikus (“mouse”), implying that the mentioned politician is a coward.

polikatak

frog politician, a politician who jumps to another party

Selamatkan anak kita
Orde baru politikus usang

1993, “Anak-Anak Kita [Our Children]”, performed by M. Nasir:

Save our children
new order, [but same] old politicians

(derogatory, politics, slang) corrupt or unpopular politician


wira

wira (Jawi spelling ويرا, plural wira-wira)

Indonesian: wira


ifrit

ifrit (Jawi spelling عفريت, plural ifrit-ifrit)

Indonesian: ifrit


panji-panji

→ Tagalog: pandipandi

1923, Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, Straits Branch, page 49,
Sa-tĕlah bĕrkampong sakalian-nya, maka (10) Raja Chulin pun bĕrangkat mĕngĕluari Raja Shulan, rupa ra'ayat-nya sapĕrti laut yang pasang pĕnoh, rupa gajah kuda sapĕrti pulau, rupa-nya tunggul dan panji-panji sapĕrti hutan, rupa-nya sĕnjata bĕrlapis-lapis, chĕmara tombak-nya sapĕrti bunga lalang.

When all were gathered, then (10) Raja Chulin marched to face Raja Shulan, the size of his army looked like the sea at full tide, his elephants and horses formations looked like islands, his flags and war banners stood like a forest, his weapons arsenal lined layer upon layer, the tassels on his spears like the flowers of Cogon Grass.

Di sana bendera Union Jack telah dikibarkan bersama-sama panji-panji Dent sendiri.

1983, Barbara Watson Andaya, Leonard Y. Andaya, Sejarah Malaysia, Macmillan, →ISBN, page 215:

There the Union Jack was flown together with Dent's own standard.

Pasukan Tentera Negeri Johor menerima Panji-panji Diraja pada 11 Mei 1916.

1986, Ibrahim bin Ismail, Sudahkah Kamu Bertemu Mariam?, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, page 228:

The Johor State Armed Forces received the Royal Standard on 11 May 1916.

pennon, flag, standard (usually triangular)


racun

racun (Jawi spelling راچون, plural racun-racun)

Indonesian: racun

→ Tagalog: lason


maktab

maktab (Jawi spelling مکتب, plural maktab-maktab)

→ Indonesian: maktab

From Arabic مَكْتَب (maktab), from the root ك ت ب (k t b).


ورقة

ورقة (plural ورقة-ورقة or ورقة٢)


kalkulator

kalkulator (Jawi spelling کلکولاتور, plural kalkulator-kalkulator)

کلکولاتور (Jawi)
kalkulator-kalkulator (plural)


aktivitet

aktivitet (Jawi spelling اکتيۏيتيت, plural aktivitet-aktivitet)

اکتيۏيتيت (Jawi)
aktivitet-aktivitet (plural)

Ultimately from Latin āctīvitās. Doublet of aktiviti.


sarapan

sarapan (Jawi spelling سارڤن, plural sarapan-sarapan)

Borrowed from Indonesian sarapan, from Javanese ꦱꦫꦥꦤ꧀ (sarapan, “breakfast; lining”).


BN

(Malaysian politics) Initialism of Barisan Nasional (“National Front”).


Brunei Darussalam

ms-proper noun

بروني دارالسلام

Brunei Darussalam (Jawi spelling بروني دارالسلام)

بروني دارالسلام (Jawi)

Brunei Darussalam
Brunei Darussalam#English:_Q921

Brunei Darussalam (the official name of Brunei, a country in Southeast Asia)


natif

Borrowed from English native, from Middle English natif, from Old French natif, from Latin nātīvus, from nātus (“birth”). Doublet of naif.

bahasa natif


kembar

ms-noun

kembar (Jawi spelling کمبر, plural kembar-kembar)

Indonesian: kembar

→ Bikol Central: kambal

→ Javanese: ꦏꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦂ (kembar)

→ Sambali: kambal

→ Tagalog: kambal

From Austroasiatic (cf. Proto-Aslian *kəmbaar (“twin”), Bahnar kơmar (“twin”), Ngeq kampʌaːr (“twin”), Alak baːr (“twin”)).

twin (either of two people who shared the same uterus, or of two similar or closely related objects)


SPM

Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia
w:ms:Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia

(Malaysia, education) Initialism of Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (“Malaysian Certificate of Education”).


malaikat

malaikat (Jawi spelling ملائکة, plural malaikat-malaikat)

ملائکة (Jawi)
malaikat-malaikat (plural)

Indonesian: malaikat

From Arabic مَلَائِكَة (malāʔika), the plural of مَلْأَك (malʔak).


halia

halia (Jawi spelling هليا, plural halia-halia)

Baba Malay: alia

Indonesian: halia

→ Tok Pisin: kalia

zh-l

河蓮／河莲 (hô-liân)

→ Min Nan: 河蓮／河莲 (hô-liân)

From Proto-Malayic *halia by metathesis from earlier variant *lahia, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laqia (“ginger”).

Zingiber officinale
Zingiber officinale#Translingual


kerajaan

ms-noun

kerajaan (Jawi spelling کراجاءن, plural kerajaan-kerajaan)

کراجاءن (Jawi)
kerajaan-kerajaan (plural)

Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian

> Indonesian: kerajaan (inherited)

(Brunei, Malaysia) government (an organisation which has the power to enact and legislate laws within its area of jurisdiction)

Kerajaan Eswatini


bau

Indonesian: bau

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *bau, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bahu, *bahuq.

Bau apa itu?


bau

head

bau (Jawi spelling باءو, more formal form baui)

Saya tak boleh bau apa-apa sekarang sebab hidung saya tersumbat.

I can't smell anything now because my nose is stuffy.

(informal, transitive) To smell something.


kubus

ms-noun

kubus (Jawi spelling کوبوس, plural kubus-kubus)


botol

botol (Jawi spelling بوتول, plural botol-botol)

بوتول (Jawi)
botol-botol (plural)
بوتول (alternative)

→ Hokkien: 帽突 (bō-tu̍t), 瓿瓵 (bo̍t-toi)

Indonesian: botol

From English bottle, from Anglo-Norman, from Old French boteille, from *Vulgar Latin botticula.

bottle (container used for holding liquids)


sedu

Indonesian: sedu

From Proto-Austronesian *sedu (“hiccough”). Doublet of sendu.


calon

calon (Jawi spelling چالون, plural calon-calon)

Indonesian: calon


istana

istana (Jawi spelling ايستان, plural istana-istana)

From Sanskrit आस्थान (āsthāna). Doublet of astana.


jari telunjuk

جاري تلونجوق

jari telunjuk (Jawi spelling جاري تلونجوق, plural jari-jari telunjuk)

جاري تلونجوق (Jawi)
jari-jari telunjuk (plural)

Compound of jari (“finger”) + telunjuk (“affixation of tunjuk (“to point”) + -el-”).

com+

(anatomy) The forefinger or index finger (first finger next to the thumb).


seniman

ms-noun

seniman (Jawi spelling سنيمن, plural seniman-seniman)


kurnia

kurnia (Jawi spelling کورنيا, plural kurnia-kurnia)

From Sanskrit कारुण्य (kāruṇya, “compassion; kindness”).


mesin

ms-noun

mesin (Jawi spelling ميسين, plural mesin-mesin)

ميسين (Jawi)
mesin-mesin (plural)
mesen (alternative)


arsenik

→ Indonesian: arsènik

Borrowed from English arsenic, from Middle English arsenik, from Middle French arsenic, from Latin arsenicum, from Ancient Greek ἀρσενικόν (arsenikón) (influenced by ἀρσενικός (arsenikós)), from Semitic, from Middle Persian [script needed] (zarnīk), from Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬥𐬌𐬌𐬀 (zaraniia, “gold”), from 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬌 (zari), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃i.


KDB

(Brunei, military, nautical) Kapal Diraja Brunei; The designation of ships in the Royal Brunei Navy of Brunei.


kome

Synonym(s): kamu semua, korang, lu orang

Synonym(s): aku, saya, kami, gua

Synonym(s): kamu, awak, kau, lu, engkau


ramping

> Indonesian: ramping (inherited)


agas

agas (Jawi spelling اݢس, plural agas-agas)

sandfly (fly of Lutzomyia or Phlebotomus)


fresko

fresko (Jawi spelling فريسکو, plural fresko-fresko)


keris

keris (Jawi spelling کريس, plural keris-keris)

> Indonesian: keris (inherited)

desctree

→ English: kris, crease, creese, creeze, crese, cress, cris, crise, criss, crys, cryse, keris, kreese, kriss
→ Serbo-Croatian: kris

→ Cebuano: kalis

→ Hiligaynon: kalis

→ Tagalog: kalis

→ Tausug: kalis

→ Thai: กริช (grìt)

Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦼꦫꦶꦱ꧀ (keris), from Old Javanese kĕris, kris. Can be analysed as ke- + iris related to hiris (“to slice”).


talian

ms-noun

talian (Jawi spelling تالين, plural talian-talian)

Talian mikrofon


cerat

cerat (Jawi spelling چرت, plural cerat-cerat)


cerat

to siphon off liquid, to flow liquid away


iau

iau (Jawi spelling ايياو, plural iau-iau)

From Proto-Austronesian *qiaw (“animal cry”).


tuai

Indonesian: tuai


tuas

tuas (Jawi spelling تواس, plural tuas-tuas)

Indonesian: tuas

Possibly from Proto-Aslian *tuəs (“to pull out”), from East Austroasiatic.


tentera

tentera (Jawi spelling تنترا, plural tentera-tentera)

تنترا (Jawi)
tentera-tentera (plural)
tentara (alternative)

From Sanskrit तन्त्र (tantra, “an army”).


tapai

tapai (Jawi spelling تاڤاي, plural tapai-tapai)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tapay (“fermented [food]”), from Proto-Austronesian *tapaJ (“fermented [food]”).

inh

(cooking) tapai: a traditional Asian food made from fermented carbohydrate, such as rice or cassava.


dekad

dékad (canonical)
dekad-dekad (plural)
dékadê (alternative)

From English decade, from Middle English, from Middle French decade, from Late Latin decas (“(set of) ten”), from Ancient Greek δεκάς (dekás), from δέκα (déka, “ten”).


lelaki

للاکي (Jawi)
pria (alternative)
laki-laki (alternative)
للاکي (alternative)
لاکي٢ (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian (compare Madurese lalake, Tagalog lalaki); Partial reduplication of laki.

male (belonging or referring to the sex having the smaller gametes (of humans))


negara

ms-noun

negara (Jawi spelling نݢارا, plural negara-negara)

Indonesian: negara
→ English: negara

Borrowed from Sanskrit नगर (nagara, “city”).

Bendera negara bukan hanya sekadar sehelai kain yang mempunyai warna atau motif tertentu bahkan ia adalah simbol identiti sesebuah negara yang merdeka lagi berdaulat.

2018 February 16, Normazlina M.D, “Simbol negara merdeka [Symbol of an independent nation]”, in Media Permata, archived from the original on 2019-08-18:

The national flag is not just a piece of cloth that has a certain color or motif. In fact, it is a symbol of the identity of a nation that is independent and sovereign.


dunia

dunia (Jawi spelling دنيا, plural dunia-dunia)

Indonesian: dunia

→ Maguindanao: dunia

→ Maranao: doniya'

→ Minangkabau: dunia

→ Tausug: dunya

→ Urak Lawoi': ดือนียา (deniya)


Musytari

planets of the Solar System: ڤلانيت سيستم سوريا: عطارد · زهرة · بومي · مريخ · مشتري · زحل · اورانوس · نيڤتون [edit]


sejuk

Indonesian: sejuk


beruang

beruang (Jawi spelling برواڠ, plural beruang-beruang)

> Indonesian: beruang (inherited)

From Proto-Malayic *bAruaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *baruaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *baruaŋ, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀuaŋ.

Beruang ialah sejenis mamalia yang boleh didapati di Amerika, Eropah dan Asia.

Bears are mammals that can be found in America, Europe and Asia.


sembunyi

سمبوڽي (Jawi)

Indonesian: sembunyi

From Proto-Malayic *sAmbuñi, from Proto-Western Malayo-Polynesian *sambuni. Doublet of *buni, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buni, from Proto-Austronesian *buNi (“to hide, conceal”).

inh

persembunyian [causative passive + resultative

menyembunyikan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

disembunyikan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


domba

ms-noun

domba (Jawi spelling دومبا, plural domba-domba)

From Persian دنبه (donbah, “sheep's tail”), دم (dom, “tail”).

sheep (obsolete, archaic) - a woolly ruminant of the genus Ovis.


biri-biri

Indonesian: biri-biri

→ Acehnese: bubiri (via bebiri)

→ Balinese: ᬩᬶᬭᬶᬩᬶᬭᬶ (biri-biri)

→ Dairi Batak: biri-biri

→ Karo Batak: biri-biri

→ Maguindanao: bili-bili

→ Maranao: bili-bili

→ Nias: biri-biri

→ Simeulue: biri-biri

Unknown,
* probably from New Prakrit bheṛī (“sheep”), from Sanskrit भेड्र (bheḍra, “ram”).
* probably related to Persian بره (barre, “lamb”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *urh₁en- (“ram, lamb”).

der

bebiri (alternative)
kambing biri-biri (alternative)
kambing bebiri (alternative)


gunting

ms-noun

gunting (Jawi spelling ݢونتيڠ, plural gunting-gunting)

→ Mansaka: gonting

→ Maranao: gonting

Blust (2010-2020) posits that, "The history of this word is still obscure. It is almost certainly a loan from some non-Austronesian source, and its distribution in most languages, including all those of the Philippines and eastern Indonesia, probably is a product of borrowing from Malay. However, it is also found in Old Javanese texts that are centuries old, and its application to terms in carpentry (Bikol) and house construction (Asilulu) raises questions about a possible earlier meaning that was later transferred to scissors once these were introduced.
Despite the improbability of it being native, Dempwolff (1938) posited ‘Uraustronesisch’(Proto-Austronesian) *guntiŋ ‘scissors’, and Mills (1975) posited Proto-South Sulawesi *gun(tc)iŋ ‘shears; to cut’. (Blust posits that) The most likely source of this word, which shows irregular sound correspondences in several languages, is some southern form of Chinese, but this is yet to be confirmed. The use of scissors presumably spread widely within a short time because they offered a far more convenient means of cutting hair than was previously possible with the use of single straight blades, as with knives."

to cut something with scissors so as to create something; meN- + -kan

mengguntingkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

bergunting [stative

to have your hair cut, cut with scissors


zalim

Indonesian: zalim


oyen

(Malay - Oyen) Most likely derived from English orange, referring to the cat's color.


subuh

subuh (Jawi spelling صبح, plural subuh-subuh)

Borrowed from Arabic صُبْح (ṣubḥ, “dawn”).

dawn (the time of the day when daylight first appears)


fungsi

fungsi (Jawi spelling فوڠسي, plural fungsi-fungsi)

Indonesian: fungsi

Borrowed from Dutch functie, ultimately from Latin functiō.

(mathematics) function (a relation in which each element of the domain is associated with exactly one element of the codomain)


ramas

Indonesian: remas

meramaskan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

diramaskan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


banjir

head

banjir (Jawi spelling بنجير, plural banjir-banjir)

بنجير (Jawi)
banjir-banjir (plural)
بنجير (alternative)

> Indonesian: banjir (inherited)

[bäɲ.d͡ʒɪː -d͡ʒeː -d͡ʒe̞ː]

From Javanese banjir. From Sanskrit [Term?].


sudu

ms-noun

sudu (Jawi spelling سودو, plural sudu-sudu)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sudu (“spoon, ladle, scoop”). Cognate with Malagasy sotro and Javanese suru. Doublet of sodok and senduk (old form: sendok).

inh

Sudu kayu

spoon (scooped utensil for eating or serving)


candu

ms-noun

candu (Jawi spelling چندو, plural candu-candu)

> Indonesian: candu (inherited)

→ Javanese: ꦕꦤ꧀ꦢꦸ (candu, “opium”)

Borrowed from Hindi चंडू (caṇḍū), from Tamil சாந்து (cāntu, “mortar, plaster; powder”).


beruang kutub

head

beruang kutub (Jawi spelling برواڠ قطب, plural beruang-beruang kutub)

برواڠ قطب (Jawi)
beruang-beruang kutub (plural)
برواڠ قطب (alternative)

Ursus maritimus
Ursus maritimus#Translingual


budu

ms-noun

budu (Jawi spelling بودو, plural budu-budu)

Indonesian: budu

→ Acehnese: budheen

→ Casiguran Dumagat Agta: buru

→ Cebuano: buru

→ Ilocano: buro

→ Kambera: budu

→ Nias: budu

→ Sundanese: bodo

→ Tagalog: buro

→ Tetum: budu, budun

Compare Indonesian budu, Tagalog buro, Cebuano buro, Hiligaynon buro, Ilocano buro, Kapampangan buro.

(Kedah, Kelantan-Pattani) anchovies pickled in brine after being dried and partially decayed


mimpi

mimpi (Jawi spelling ميمڤي, plural mimpi-mimpi)

From Proto-Malayic *mimpi, possibly a contraction of Pre-Malayic *um-impi, which is a derivation from *impi, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hipi, from Proto-Austronesian *Sipi.

dream (imaginary events seen while sleeping)


mimpi

Indonesian: mimpi

memimpikan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dimimpikan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

termimpikan [agentless action + causative benefactive]

termimpi-mimpi [reduplication + agentless action]

termimpi-mimpikan [reduplication + agentless action + causative benefactive]

(intransitive) to dream (to see imaginary events while sleeping)

(intransitive) to dream (to hope, to wish)


lawa

> Indonesian: lawa (inherited)

Lawanya perempuan itu!


harimau

harimau (Jawi spelling هاريماو, plural harimau-harimau)

هاريماو (Jawi)
harimau-harimau (plural)
rimau (alternative)

Indonesian: harimau

desc

→ Cebuano: halimaw (“wild beast, monster”)

→ Maranao: harimaw

→ Maguindanao: arimaw

→ Tagalog: halimaw (“wild beast, monster”)

→ Tausug: halimaw

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *hari-mauŋ, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qari-mauŋ. Doublet of maung.


titis

ms-noun

titis (Jawi spelling تيتيس, plural titis-titis)


xilofon

xilofon (Jawi spelling زيلوفون, plural xilofon-xilofon)

زيلوفون (Jawi)
xilofon-xilofon (plural)
zilofon (alternative)


alap

From Proto-Malayic *alap, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *alap, from Proto-Austronesian *alap (“fetch, get, take”).
First attested in the Kedukan Bukit inscription, 683 CE, as Old Malay [script needed] (alap) in inflected form maṅalap (current spelling mengalap).

inh

(colloquial, Kedah Malay) to gather a fruit using pole (that attached with knife or hook).


merpati

ms-noun

merpati (Jawi spelling مرڤاتي, plural merpati-merpati)

pigeon (bird of the pigeon and dove family Columbidae)


kategori

kategori (Jawi spelling کاتݢوري, plural kategori-kategori)

کاتݢوري (Jawi)
kategori-kategori (plural)

From English category, from Late Middle English, from French catégorie, from Middle French categorie, from Late Latin catēgoria (“class of predicables”), from Ancient Greek κατηγορία (katēgoría, “head of predicables”).


PJ

pendidikan jasmani
pendidikan jasmani#Malay

Initialism of pendidikan jasmani (“physical education”).


amatur

Kejohanan amatur


amatur

amatur-amatur (plural)
amatir (alternative)


kapan

> Indonesian: kapan (inherited)

From Javanese ꦏꦥꦤ꧀ (kapan), from Old Javanese kapan.


kapan

ms-noun

kapan (Jawi spelling کاڤن, plural kapan-kapan)

> Indonesian: kapan (inherited)


lautan

lautan (Jawi spelling لاءوتن, plural lautan-lautan)

ocean (one of the five large bodies of water)


pekan

pekan (Jawi spelling ڤکن, plural pekan-pekan)

Indonesian: pekan (“market, week”)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian [Term?] (compare Balinese ᬧᭂᬓᭂᬦ᭄ (peken, “market”)).


rakan

rakan (Jawi spelling راکن, plural rakan-rakan)

راکن (Jawi)
rakan-rakan (plural)
rekan (alternative)

friend (person whose company one enjoys)


-at

Muslim (“a Muslim”) + -at → Muslimat (“feminine plural of Muslim”)

Suffix used to derive the plural and feminine form of certain nouns derived from Arabic.


rugi

rugi (Jawi spelling روݢي, plural rugi-rugi)

Indonesian: rugi

From Sanskrit रोग (roga, “disease, infirmity, sickness”).

der

merugikan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dirugikan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


lampes

ms-noun

lampes (Jawi spelling لمڤس, plural lampes-lampes)


lalat

lalat (Jawi spelling لالت, plural lalat-lalat)

From Proto-Malayic *lalət, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laləj.


avontuur

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch avontuur.


afsun

afsun (Jawi spelling افسون, plural afsun-afsun)


نبي

نبي (plural نبي-نبي or نبي٢)


episod

From English episode, from French épisode, from Ancient Greek ἐπεισόδιον (epeisódion).

episode: an incident, action, or time period standing out by itself, but more or less connected with a complete series of events.


tulis

Indonesian: tulis

Unknown. Possibly cognates with Tagalog tulis.

menuliskan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

menulisi [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dituliskan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

ditulisi [patient focus + causative benefactive]


Betlehem

Borrowed from English Bethlehem or Dutch Bethlehem, both from Latin Bēthlehēmum or Bēthleëm, from Ancient Greek Βηθλεέμ (Bēthleém), from Hebrew בֵּית לֶחֶם (bet léchem, “house of bread”).

der

(usually in Christianity) Bethlehem (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)


جزء

ms-noun

جزء (plural جزء-جزء or جزء٢)


bismut

بيسموت (Jawi)


abon

abon (Jawi spelling ابون, plural abon-abon)

From Javanese ꦲꦧꦺꦴꦤ꧀ (abon, “shredded meat; part time labour; offering”), probably from Old Javanese awu (“ash, powder”) + -an, comparable to abu (“ash”) + -an.


نفس

ms-noun

نفس (plural نفس-نفس or نفس٢)


tisu

Borrowed from English tissue, from Old French tissu (Modern French tissu), past participle of tistre, from Latin texere.

Ada tisu di dalam laci.

A sheet of absorbent paper, especially one that is made to be used as tissue paper, toilet paper or a handkerchief.

tisu otot

extracellular matrix
extracellular matrix#English

(biology) A group of cells (along with their extracellular matrix if any) that are similar in origin and function together to do a specific job.


antimoni

→ Indonesian: antimoni

From English antimony, from Medieval Latin antimonium.


bendera

Indonesian: bendera

bĕndera (alternative)
بنديرا (alternative)
بندير (alternative)

Bendera berumor empat ratus empat puloh enam tahun itu pasti gugor malam ini.

1969, Shahnon Ahmad, Perdana, Penerbitan Pustaka Nasional, page 206:

The four hundred and forty-six-year-old flag will most certainly fall tonight.

Mereka menjadi berang, walau bagaimanapun akhirnya bendera itu diturunkan.

1988, Ismail Babu, Kisah Seorang Perajurit, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, →ISBN, page 124:

They grew angry, but in the end the flag was taken down.

Kapal-kapal Halim Mazmin yang membawa bendera Malaysia mengendalikan kargo pukal kering seperti beras, gandum, baja dan besi.

2008, Norlela Zubir, 50 Kisah Usahawan Wanita, PTS Professional, →ISBN, page 10:

Halim Mazmin ships bearing the Malaysian flag handle dry bulk cargo like rice, wheat, fertilisers and iron.


kasihan

Keji betul dia pukul anjing jalanan tu, ia tak gila pun, sikit pun dia tak nak kasihankan ia.

He hit that street dog hard, it wasn't even rabid, he didn't even give a slight mercy on it.


sektor

sektor (Jawi spelling سيکتور, plural sektor-sektor)

(geometry) Part of a circle, extending to the center; circular sector.

(military) An area designated by boundaries within which a unit operates, and for which it is responsible.


sedih

سديه (Jawi)
sedeh (alternative dialectal)

menyedihkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]


salur

Indonesian: salur

From Proto-Malayic *salur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saluʀ, from the root *-luʀ.


ketot

Budak ketot

small, short and unlikely to grow anymore


tenun

Indonesian: tenun

From Proto-Malayic *tənun, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tənun, from Proto-Austronesian *tənun (“to weave”).


patin

patin (Jawi spelling ڤاتين, plural patin-patin)

> Indonesian: patin (inherited)

shark catfish: a sharklike catfish of the family Pangasiidae, found across southern Asia.


tekun

Indonesian: tekun


kampong

کامڤوڠ (Jawi)

(1924-1972) obsolete spelling of kampung


Selasa

From Arabic الثَّلَاثَاء (aṯ-ṯalāṯāʔ).

der

الثَّلَاثَاء

Arabic الثَّلَاثَاء (aṯ-ṯalāṯāʔ)

days of the week: hari dalam minggu: Isnin · Selasa · Rabu · Khamis · Jumaat · Sabtu · Ahad


Khamis

Borrowed from Arabic الْخَمِيس (al-ḵamīs).


Jumaat

Indonesian: Jumat


Sabtu

→ Ternate: Saptu

Borrowed from Arabic السَّبْت (as-sabt).


gigi

ms-noun

gigi (Jawi spelling ݢيݢي, plural gigi-gigi)

tooth: hard, calcareous structure present in the mouth of many vertebrate animals, generally used for eating.

(figurative) a sharp projection e.g. tine

gigi hutan: edge of a forest

gigi ombak: surf of a breaking wave

gigi laut: high-water mark


skuter

skuter (Jawi spelling سکوتر, plural skuter-skuter)


ء

The thirty-third letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Arabic script.

ا

Arabic script letters (alphabet appendix, script appendix)


busur

busur (Jawi spelling بوسور, plural busur-busur)

Indonesian: busur

From Proto-Malayic *busur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *busuʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *busuʀ.


tegur

tegur (Jawi spelling تݢور, plural tegur-tegur)

Indonesian: tegur


tegur

head

tegur (Jawi spelling تݢور, formal active menegur, 3rd person active ditegur)

تݢور (Jawi)
menegur (active formal)
ditegur (active third-person)


askar

ms-noun

askar (Jawi spelling عسکر, plural askar-askar)


selain

سلاءين (Jawi)


Nusantara

نوسانتارا (Jawi)

Borrowed either from Javanese ꦤꦸꦱꦤ꧀ꦠꦫ (Nusantara, “the islands”) or from Old Javanese nūsāntara (“the outer islands”). By surface analysis, blend of nusa + antara. Attested in a Malay Annals manuscript from 1808.

surface etymology

(geography) The Malay Archipelago; the islands comprising the countries of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysian Borneo, Papua New Guinea, and the Phillipines.

(Indonesia, geography) The Indonesian Archipelago; the islands comprising the country of Indonesia or the geographical groups which include its islands.

Nusantara (the planned capital city of Indonesia, in East Kalimantan)


renium

From English rhenium, from Latin Rhenus.


کابوس

ms-noun

کابوس (plural کابوس-کابوس or کابوس٢)


rodium

From English rhodium, from Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon).


paradoks

paradoks (Jawi spelling ڤارادوکس, plural paradoks-paradoks)

ڤارادوکس (Jawi)
paradoks-paradoks (plural)


alor

(1924-1972 or dialectal) Alternative spelling of alur


kaba

kaba (Jawi spelling کاب, plural kaba-kaba)

From Minangkabau kaba, from Arabic خَبَر (ḵabar, “news”). Doublet of khabar.

(literature) Minangkabau traditional literature in the form of rhythmic prose, simple sentences with 3-5 words so that it can be said rhythmically or sung, the theme of the story is various, such as heroism, adventure, consolation, and love stories.


fabrik

From English fabric, from French fabrique, from Latin fabrica (“a workshop, art, trade, product of art, structure, fabric”), from faber (“artisan, workman”).

der

fabric: a material made of fibers, a textile or cloth.


santan

ms-noun

santan (Jawi spelling سنتن, plural santan-santan)

Indonesian: santan

→ Chinese: 參丹 /参丹

→ Macanese: santám

→ Tagalog: santan

→ Tausug: santan

From Old Javanese santĕn (“coconut milk”), from Sanskrit सार (sāra, “essence”). Doublet of sara and sari.


kunyit

kunyit (Jawi spelling کوڽيت, plural kunyit-kunyit)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kunij. Compare Malay kuning (“yellow”).

(derogatory, LGBTQ, slang) a sissy, an effeminate man, a faggot


bromin

From English bromine, from French brome, from Ancient Greek βρῶμος (brômos).


fluorin

fluorin (Jawi spelling فلورين, plural fluorin-fluorin)

From English fluorine, from Latin fluor + -ine.


Eropah

ايروڤه (Jawi)

Indonesian: Eropa

Borrowed from Dutch Europa, from Middle Dutch europa, from Latin Eurōpa, from Ancient Greek Εὐρώπᾱ (Eurṓpā), Doric form of Εὐρώπη (Eurṓpē).

Europe (a continent located west of Asia and north of Africa)


abaka

abaka (Jawi spelling اباک, plural abaka-abaka)

From either Philippine Spanish abacá or Tagalog abaka or directly from Arabic الْأَبَقَ (al-ʔabaqa, “the abaca”), the accusative definite inflection of Arabic أَبَق (ʔabaq, “abaca”).


artikel

From Dutch artikel, from Latin articulus (“a joint, limb, member, part, division, the article in grammar, a point of time”); prop. diminutive of artus (“a joint”), from ar (“to fit, join”).

article (story, report, or opinion piece)


tindakan

ms-noun

tindakan (Jawi spelling تيندقن, plural tindakan-tindakan)

تيندقن (Jawi)
tindakan-tindakan (plural)

action (something done so as to accomplish a purpose)


insang

insang (Jawi spelling اينسڠ, plural insang-insang)

اينسڠ (Jawi)
insang-insang (plural)
isang (alternative)

> Indonesian: insang (inherited)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hasaŋ.


boleh

بوليه (Jawi)
bulih (alternative obsolete)

Indonesian: boleh

From earlier bulih. The derivation can be reconstructed from Proto-Malayic *mAɣ-ulih via these stages: *mAɣ-ulih > *mar-ulih > *bar-ulih > *bər-ulih (>> beroleh) > *brulih > bulih > boleh, from which the verb was derived. Doublet of beroleh, see also oleh.

Saya boleh menyanyi.

Bolehkah saya pergi ke tandas?

(auxiliary) To have permission to; may, can.

Titah raja, bolehkah keris itu?

The king said, have you acquired the kris?.


fatah

ms-noun

fatah (Jawi spelling فتح, plural fatah-fatah)


kejutan

kejutan (Jawi spelling کجوتن, plural kejutan-kejutan)

Indonesian: kejutan

Pemenangan aku dalam pertandingan pidato itu memang sesuatu kejutan bagiku.

The fact that I won the public-speaking competition was really a surprise for me.


pangan

pangan (Jawi spelling ڤاڠن, plural pangan-pangan)

→ Thai: พังงา (pang-ngaa)


pangan

Borrowed from Javanese ꦥꦔꦤ꧀ (pangan, “food”).


pelabuhan

ms-noun

pelabuhan (Jawi spelling ڤلابوهن, plural pelabuhan-pelabuhan)

ڤلابوهن (Jawi)
pelabuhan-pelabuhan (plural)

Indonesian: pelabuhan


kebaya

Indonesian: kêbaya

→ English: kebaya

→ Chinese: 可巴雅 (kěbāyǎ)

From Arabic قَبَايَة (qabāya), colloquial form of قَبَاء (qabāʔ, “tunic, gown”).

kebaya: a traditional blouse worn by women in Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Brunei, and Southern Thailand.


pragmatisme

ڤرݢماتيسمى (Jawi)

Borrowed from Indonesian pragmatisme, from Dutch pragmatisme.


bangsa

bangsa (Jawi spelling بڠسا, plural bangsa-bangsa)

Indonesian: bangsa

→ Iban: bansa

→ Mansaka: bansa

→ Maranao: bansa

→ Pangutaran Sama: bangsa

→ Tagalog: bansa (learned)

→ Ternate: bangsa

From Classical Malay بڠسا (bangsa), from Old Malay vaṃśa, from Sanskrit वंश (vaṃśá, “offspring, lineage; bamboo”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wanćás (“ceiling beam”). Cognate of Javanese ꦧꦁꦱ (bangsa). Doublet of wangsa.

der

bangsa Norway

Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu

A nation; a group of society that is huge and has a shared civilization, custom, art, language, history, tradition, and identity, and also inhabits an area with clear borders.

bangsa Melayu

A large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of common physical characteristics, such as skin colour or hair type.

bangsa Minangkabau

(uncommon) A large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage; an ethnicity or ethnic group.

Sesuatu bahasa kehilangan bangsanya hanya apabila tiada lagi penuturnya.

A language loses its prestige only when it does not have any speakers anymore.


musim

ms-noun

musim (Jawi spelling موسيم, plural musim-musim)

Indonesian: musim

→ Iban: musin

→ Tagalog: musim

→ Tausug: musim

From Arabic مَوْسِم (mawsim). Doublet of monsun.


rumput

rumput (Jawi spelling رومڤوت, plural rumput-rumput)


lambat

Indonesian: lambat

berlambat-lambat [reduplication + stative

melambatkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

melambat-lambatkan [reduplication + agent focus + causative benefactive]


peluru

peluru (Jawi spelling ڤلورو, plural peluru-peluru)

From Portuguese pelouro likely influenced by luru "to dash forward". Doublet of pelor.

shot, the heavy iron ball used for the shot put.


panji

panji (Jawi spelling ڤنجي, plural panji-panji)

> Indonesian: panji (inherited)

→ Tausug: panji

From Sanskrit पञ्जी (pañjī, “register”).


gerabak

gerabak (Jawi spelling ݢرابق, plural gerabak-gerabak)

Indonesian: gerobak

car (railway carriage, a nonpowered unit in a railroad train)


angsa

angsa (Jawi spelling اڠسا, plural angsa-angsa)

→ Iban: ansa

Indonesian: angsa


batuk

Indonesian: batuk

From Proto-Malayic *batuk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *batuk.


babak

babak (Jawi spelling بابق, plural babak-babak)


hakim

hakim (Jawi spelling حاکيم, plural hakim-hakim)

Someone who decides the results of a competition.


hakim

Indonesian: hakim

dihadapkan ke muka hakim
dihadapkan ke muka hakim#Malay

menjadi hakim sendiri
menjadi hakim sendiri#Malay

dihadapkan ke muka hakim
menjadi hakim sendiri


prestasi

prestasi (Jawi spelling ڤريستاسي, plural prestasi-prestasi)

ڤريستاسي (Jawi)
prestasi-prestasi (plural)

From Dutch prestatie. Cognate of Indonesian prestasi.


boleh anda cakap bahasa Inggeris

do you speak English
do you speak English


-ku

From ku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ku, from Proto-Austronesian *ku. Compare Tagalog ko.

kau-

informal/towards God; friendly/older towards younger

Dia memarahiku.

Dia pergi denganku.

"Negaraku"

Ini rumahku.


kambing biri-biri

biri-biri (alternative)
bebiri (alternative)
kambing bebiri (alternative)


pedati

pedati (Jawi spelling ڤداتي, plural pedati-pedati)

> Indonesian: pedati (inherited)

Borrowed from Sanskrit पदाति (padāti, “footman”).


nafas

ms-noun

nafas (Jawi spelling نفس, plural nafas-nafas)

نفس (Jawi)
nafas-nafas (plural)
nonstandard Malay (alternative)
standard Indonesian (alternative)

desctree

Indonesian: napas, nonstandard Indonesian
→ Amahai: napas

→ Tausug: napas

Borrowed from Arabic نَفَس (nafas). Displaced native Malay nyawa.


بسر

ms-noun

بسر (plural بسر-بسر or بسر٢)


feri

féri (Jawi spelling فيري, plural feri-feri)

féri (canonical)
فيري (Jawi)
feri-feri (plural)


gari

gari (Jawi spelling ݢاري, plural gari-gari)

Indonesian: gari


sisa

sisa (Jawi spelling سيسا, plural sisa-sisa)

Indonesian: sisa

→ Malagasy: sisa


هبوب

هبوب (plural هبوب-هبوب or هبوب٢)


perang

perang (Jawi spelling ڤرڠ, plural perang-perang)

ڤرڠ (Jawi)
perang-perang (plural)
prang (alternative)

Perhaps related to parang (“parang, machete”). Compare to Javanese perang and Toba Batak porang.

war (conflict involving organized use of arms)


perang

Possibly from Persian افرنگ (“Frank, any white European”), from Old French franc. Doublet of pirang, Peringgi (“European, Western”), and Perancis (“France, French”).
Originally described sallow or wan tones of any dark colour.

doublet

hitam perang (obsolete) bluish-grey colour of slate, lit. 'pale black'


perang

perang:

(obsolete) blond, of a pale yellowish (golden brown) color


pijak

Compare Tagalog padyák (“stamp (of feet)”).


akta

ms-noun

akta (Jawi spelling اکتا, plural akta-akta)

Learned borrowing from Latin ācta, plural of āctum, from agō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-. Semantic loan from English act.


طائفة

طائفة (plural طائفة-طائفة or طائفة٢)


ufuk

Indonesian: ufuk


kampus

Borrowed from English campus, from Latin campus. Doublet of kamar, kamera, and komrad.

campus (grounds or property of a university or a tertiary education institution)


kanyon

kanyon (Jawi spelling کنيون, plural kanyon-kanyon)

Borrowed from English canyon, from Spanish cañón.

canyon (a valley cut in rock by a river)


sarang

sarang (Jawi spelling سارڠ, plural sarang-sarang)

> Indonesian: sarang (inherited)

→ Javanese: ꦱꦫꦁ (sarang)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salaR (“nest”).

Sarang burung


galeri

galeri (Jawi spelling ݢالري, plural galeri-galeri)

From English gallery, from Middle English galery, gallerye, from Middle French galerie, gallerie, from Old French galerie, gallerie (“a long portico, a gallery”), from Medieval Latin galeria (“gallery”), perhaps an alteration of galilea (“church porch”), probably from Latin Galilaea, Galilee, region of Palestine.

A building or room for displaying works of art and others; a gallery.


benci

benci (Jawi spelling بنچي, plural benci-benci)

Compare Fijian bese, Proto-Polynesian *fesi.


benci

Indonesian: benci

membencikan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dibencikan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

terbencikan [agentless action + causative benefactive]


siring

siring (Jawi spelling سيريڠ, plural siring-siring)

Indonesian: siring


siring

Indonesian: siring


paman

paman (Jawi spelling راما, plural paman-paman)

From Javanese ꦥꦩꦤ꧀ (paman, “uncle”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paR-amax-en (“father”), from Proto-Austronesian *ama-h (“father”). Doublet of rama.

(colloquial) a form of address to persons that older than oneself


rakyat

rakyat (Jawi spelling رعيت, plural rakyat-rakyat)

Indonesian: rakyat

→ English: rakyat

Borrowed from Arabic رَعِيَّة (raʕiyya).

rakyat Jepun

Bagaimanakah rakyat akan bertindak?


kira

According to Dempwolf (1938), from Proto-Austronesian *kira (“‘to presume, surmise, suspect’”).

inh

to count (to enumerate or determine number)


lemah

Indonesian: lemah

→ Tausug: lamma

From (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ləməq (“soft, weak, flexible”).


hantu

ms-noun

hantu (Jawi spelling هنتو, plural hantu-hantu)

Indonesian: hantu

From Proto-Malayic *hantu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qanitu, from Proto-Austronesian *qaNiCu.

Ia takut hantu.

Ia sakit setelah kesurupan hantu.

He fell ill after being possessed by demons.


-sen

Borrowed from English -tion or -sion. Doublet of -syen, -shen, -esyen, and -esen. Cognates to Tok Pisin -sen.

doublet

imigresen

stesen


raksa

ms-noun

raksa (Jawi spelling رقسا, plural raksa-raksa)

From Sanskrit रस (rasa, “mercury”, literally “fluid, liquid”). Doublet of rasi, rasa, and resi.


tuha

From Proto-Malayic *tuha, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *tuha, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *tuha, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)tuqah, from Proto-Austronesian *(ma-)tuqaS.


riki

Hari ni umie nak kuar riki tempat..u all tau riki tu apa?

2010 June 22, Umie, “Riki Tempat..”, in Blogger, archived from the original on 2019-12-02:

Umie want to go out today to survey a place..Do y'all know what's 'riki'?

(Malaysia, chiefly Klang Valley, slang) to survey


moden

From English modern, from Middle French moderne, from Latin modernus, from modo (“just now”), originally ablative of modus (“measure”); hence, by measure, "just now".


jata

ms-noun

jata (Jawi spelling جات, plural jata-jata)

jata negara Malaysia


regas

(transitive) To cut (of grass, fur, etc.).


مات

مات (plural مات-مات or مات٢)


filologi

From Dutch filologie, from Ancient Greek φιλολογία (philología) (with suffix logi).


oftalmologi

oftalmologi (Jawi spelling اوفتلمولوݢي, plural oftalmologi-oftalmologi)

اوفتلمولوݢي (Jawi)
oftalmologi-oftalmologi (plural)


ganti

> Indonesian: ganti (inherited)

→ Tausug: ganti'


fantasi

fantasi (Jawi spelling فنتاسي, plural fantasi-fantasi)


belati

belati (Jawi spelling بلاتي, plural belati-belati)


poyo

Probably from Spanish pollo (“chicken”). It said that this word was introduced by the Portuguese in 19th century and used in the sense of "cocky".

Kau ni poyo lah.

(slang) proud of oneself; to feel oneself as better than the others (in a rather uneasy manner).

Poyolah cerita ini. Setengah jalan je aku tertidur.

This show sucked. I dozed off halfway through [watching it].


individualisme

اينديۏيدواليسمى

individualisme (Jawi spelling اينديۏيدواليسمى)

اينديۏيدواليسمى (Jawi)


fisiologi

fisiologi (Jawi spelling فيسيولوݢي, plural fisiologi-fisiologi)

فيسيولوݢي (Jawi)
fisiologi-fisiologi (plural)

From English physiology, from French physiologie, from Latin physiologia, from Ancient Greek φυσιολογία (phusiología).


Anwar

a male given name from Arabic, meaning “luminous”


ambulans

ambulans (Jawi spelling امبولنس, plural ambulans-ambulans)

امبولنس (Jawi)
ambulans-ambulans (plural)

Borrowed from English ambulance, from French ambulance, from Latin ambulans, present participle of ambulō (“I walk, I go about”).


Harun

Borrowed from Arabic هَارُون (hārūn), from Biblical Hebrew אהרן (ʔahăron).

a male given name from Arabic [in turn from Biblical Hebrew], equivalent to English Aaron


limpa

limpa (Jawi spelling ليمڤا, plural limpa-limpa)


salju

salju (Jawi spelling ثلجو, plural salju-salju)

From Arabic ثَلْج (ṯalj). Doublet of salji.


salji

salji (Jawi spelling ثلجي, plural salji-salji)

From Arabic ثَلْج (ṯalj). Doublet of salju.

Salji tidak turun di kebanyakan negara Asia Tenggara.

It doesn't snow in most Southeast Asian countries.


شيطان

شيطان (plural شيطان-شيطان or شيطان٢)


suji

suji (Jawi spelling سوجي, plural suji-suji)


شور

شور (plural شور-شور or شور٢)


سلامت

سلامت (plural سلامت-سلامت or سلامت٢)


absolutisme

ابسولوتيسمى (Jawi)

(political science, sociology) absolutism.


keramat

keramat (Jawi spelling کرامت, plural keramat-keramat)

purity and blessing of one's glory which leads to their prayers being answered by God


keramat

Indonesian: keramat


kabin

kabin (Jawi spelling کابين, plural kabin-kabin)

From English cabin, from Middle English caban, cabane, from Old French cabane, from Medieval Latin capanna (“a cabin”).

The interior of a boat, enclosed to create a small room, particularly for sleeping.

A cabin:
The passenger area of an airplane.

A temporary building that is utilized as an office, dwelling, and so on on a construction site.


kabung

kabung (Jawi spelling کابوڠ, plural kabung-kabung)

Indonesian: kabung

a white band worn as a symbol of mourning


kabung

Indonesian: kabung


kabung

Indonesian: kabung


kabur

blurred; blurry (of vision or photograph)


kaca

kaca (Jawi spelling کاچ, plural kaca-kaca)


kaca mata

کاچ مات (Jawi)


kacau

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kacaw (“to disturb”).


kacau

> Indonesian: kacau (inherited)

→ English: kacau

(intransitive) to stir (to disturb the relative position of the particles of, as of a liquid, by passing something through it); to make disorderly, confused

(intransitive, figurative) to disturb; to agitate; to stir


kadangkala

کادڠکالا (Jawi)


kaisar

ms-noun

kaisar (Jawi spelling قيصر, plural kaisar-kaisar)


kaji

kaji (Jawi spelling کاجي, plural kaji-kaji)

کاجي (Jawi)
kaji-kaji (plural)
کاجي (alternative)

Possibly from Old Javanese aji (“scripture”).

mengajikan [agent focus + causative benefactive]


kakanda

kakanda (Jawi spelling ککندا, plural kakanda-kakanda)

ککندا (Jawi)
kakanda-kakanda (plural)
kekanda (alternative)


kalah

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *alaq with prefix Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-.


kaldu

kaldu (Jawi spelling کلدو, plural kaldu-kaldu)

From Portuguese caldo, from Old Galician-Portuguese caldo, from Latin caldus, from calidus (“warm, hot”).


kaleng

kaleng (Jawi spelling کاليڠ, plural kaleng-kaleng)

Indonesian: kaleng

zh-l

含鑏／含𬬾 (kâⁿ-)

→ Min Nan: 含鑏／含𬬾 (kâⁿ-)

From Portuguese calaim via Dutch, from Arabic قَلَعِيّ (qalaʕiyy, “tin”); possibly also from association with and ellipsis of batu kalang (“layer of unmineable solid rock”).


kalian

Clipping of sekalian, equivalent to se- + kali + -an.

Kalian tengah buat apa sekarang?


kalian

kalian murid / murid kalian

kalian pemain / pemain kalian


saudara

ms-noun

saudara (Jawi spelling ساودارا, plural saudara-saudara)

From Sanskrit सोदर (sodara, “brother from the same womb”), सउदर (saüdara), स (sa, “having the same”) + उदर (udara, “uterus”); or Sanskrit सहोदर (sahodara).


saudara

ساودارا (Jawi)


kalong

Borrowed from Betawi kalong, or directly from Javanese ꦏꦭꦺꦴꦁ (kalong, “fruit bat”). Doublet of keluang.

(Batavian Malay) A fruit bat or megabat.


Maret

Borrowed from Indonesian Maret, from Dutch maart, from Latin mārtius, from earlier Mavors.

(Indonesia) March (third month of the Gregorian calendar)


Mei

Borrowed from English May, from Middle English, from Old English, from Old French mai, from Latin māius, from Maia.

May (fifth month of the Gregorian calendar)


tanjung

ms-noun

tanjung (Jawi spelling تنجوڠ, plural tanjung-tanjung)

تنجوڠ (Jawi)
tanjung-tanjung (plural)
tanjong (alternative)

Indonesian: tanjung

→ Chinese: 丹戎 (Dānróng)

→ English: tanjung

→ Malagasy: tanjona


rahang

rahang (Jawi spelling راهڠ, plural rahang-rahang)

> Indonesian: rahang (inherited)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀəkaŋ, compare Old Javanese wĕhaṅ.


khalifah

khalifah (Jawi spelling خليفه, plural khalifah-khalifah)


gitar

gitar (Jawi spelling ݢيتر, plural gitar-gitar)

Selain mempersembahkan lagu-lagu yang jarang dimainkan, Konsert "Wings Rockestra" bakal menampilkan pemain gitar jemputan.

2013 March 27, “Pemain gitar Indonesia untuk Wings Rockestra [Indonesian guitarists for Wings Rockestra]”, in Astro Awani:

In addition to performing rarely played songs, the "Wings Rockestra" Concert will feature guest guitarists.


libat

head

libat (used in the form melibat, Jawi spelling مليبت)

Ular itu melibat pada cabang pokok itu.

That snake is wrapped around the tree branch.


ligas

ms-noun

ligas (Jawi spelling ليݢس, plural ligas-ligas)


ligat

From (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *liget.


previu

previu (Jawi spelling ڤريۏيو, plural previu-previu)

An advance showing of a film, exhibition etc..

A descriptive report about a film not yet shown.


previu

ڤريۏيو (Jawi)


بالا

بالا (plural بالا-بالا or بالا٢)


nirwana

nirwana (Jawi spelling نيروان, plural nirwana-nirwana)

From Sanskrit निर्वाण (nirvāṇa, “nirvana”, literally “blown or put out, extinguished”).

bor

(Hinduism) extinction of the flame of life, dissolution, death or final emancipation from matter and re-union with the Supreme Spirit

शून्य शून्य#Sanskrit

(Buddhism) absolute extinction or annihilation (= शून्य (śūnya)) of individual existence or of all desires and passions


belah

Indonesian: belah

From Proto-Austronesian *bəlaq (“part of something split”). Cognate with Javanese belah.

inh

Pak Tua membelah papan kayu itu dengan tangannya sahaja.

Uncle Tua split that wooden board with only his hands.


kirai

ms-noun

kirai (Jawi spelling کيراي, plural kirai-kirai)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kiʀay (“pandanus sp., used in making mats”).


kirai

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kiray (“eyebrow”).


bakkerij

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch bakkerij.


tonton

تونتون (Jawi)

Indonesian: tonton

Doublet of tuntun by semantic evolution from “to lead, to come along while holding one's hand” > “to flock people to somewhere” > “to watch [a spectacle etc]” also influenced by Javanese ꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ (tonton). See tuntun for more details.

Mathan tengah tonton apa sekarang?

to view; to watch (live and theatrical performances, television, film etc.)


litigan

ليتيݢن (Jawi)

Borrowed from English litigant, from French litigant, from Middle French, from Latin litigans, litigantis.


asas

ms-noun

asas (Jawi spelling أساس, plural asas-asas)

Indonesian: asas


tunda

Indonesian: tunda

From Javanese ꦠꦸꦤ꧀ꦝ (tundha, “to pass”), from Old Javanese tuṇḍa (“layer; succession, shift”) (cf. ta- + *uṇḍa (“to raise”)).


andam

Indonesian: andam

From Classical Malay اندم (andam), from Persian [Term?].

(Ketapang, archaic) Alternative spelling of dandan


anting-anting

→ Cebuano: anting-anting

→ Hiligaynon: antíng-ánting

Indonesian: anting-anting

→ Tagalog: anting-anting


tudung

ms-noun

tudung (Jawi spelling تودوڠ, plural tudung-tudung)

تودوڠ (Jawi)
tudung-tudung (plural)
tuds (alternative Internet abbreviation)
tdg (alternative Internet abbreviation)
tudong (alternative pronunciation-spelling)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuduŋ (“head cover, protection from sun or rain”).

inh

Meronym: awning

Lawanya tudung itu!

Tudung botol

any object used to close or cover something (e.g. a container, a bottle, food)


tudung

تودوڠ (Jawi)
tuds (alternative Internet abbreviation)
tdg (alternative Internet abbreviation)
tudong (alternative pronunciation-spelling)

> Indonesian: tudung (inherited)

→ English: tudung

Tudung kuih itu sekarang!

to close or cover something (e.g. a container, a bottle, food)


adi

ادي (Jawi)
adi-adi (plural)
adik (alternative)
dik (alternative)
ading (alternative)
adinda (alternative)
dinda (alternative)
ari (alternative)
اديق (alternative Arabic character)
ديق (alternative Arabic character)
ادي (alternative Arabic character)
اديڠ (alternative Arabic character)
اديندا (alternative Arabic character)
ديندا (alternative Arabic character)
اري (alternative Arabic character)

From Proto-Malayic *adi, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *adi, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *wadi, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *huaji, from Proto-Austronesian *Suaji.

Alternative form of adik (esp. in Brunei)


adi

From Classical Malay ادي (adi), from Javanese ꦲꦢꦶ (adi), from Old Javanese adi, adhi, ādi (“beginning; first, principal; excellent”), from Sanskrit आदि, अधि (ādi, adhi).

der

adik (alternative)
dik (alternative)
ading (alternative)
adinda (alternative)
dinda (alternative)
ari (alternative)
اديق (alternative Arabic character)
ديق (alternative Arabic character)
ادي (alternative Arabic character)
اديڠ (alternative Arabic character)
اديندا (alternative Arabic character)
ديندا (alternative Arabic character)
اري (alternative Arabic character)

(chemistry) noble, related to inert elements of group 18 in the periodic table


batok

Indonesian: batok

From Proto-Malayic *batuk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *batuk.


bibi

(Pontianak) madurese female seller or peddler


biling

From Proto-Malayic *biliŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *biliŋ.


setuju

Aku setuju!


inflasi

اينفلاسي (Jawi)

Internationalism, learned borrowing from Dutch inflatie.


informan

اينفورمن (Jawi)


umak

ms-noun

umak (Jawi spelling اومق, plural umak-umak)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


graviti

head

graviti (Jawi spelling ڬراۏيتي, plural graviti-graviti)

ڬراۏيتي (Jawi)
graviti-graviti (plural)
gravitasi (alternative)
ڬراۏيتي (alternative)

gravity (resultant force on Earth's surface)


burung unta

ms-noun

burung unta (Jawi spelling بوروڠ اونتا, plural burung-burung unta)

بوروڠ اونتا (Jawi)
burung-burung unta (plural)

Compound of burung (“bird”) + unta (“camel”). Compare with Hindi शुतुरमुर्ग़ (śuturmurġ, “ostrich”, literally “camel fowl”), Persian شترمرغ (šotormorġ, “ostrich”, literally “camel fowl”), Turkish deve kuşu (“ostrich”, literally “camel bird”).


tukul dan sabit

ms-noun

توکول دان سابيت

tukul dan sabit (Jawi spelling توکول دان سابيت)

توکول دان سابيت (Jawi)


asid

asid (Jawi spelling اسيد, plural asid-asid)

→ Indonesian: asid

(chemistry, except Indonesia) (chemistry) acid

any of a class of water-soluble compounds, having sour taste, that turn blue litmus red, and react with some metals to liberate hydrogen, and with bases to form salts.

any compound that easily donates protons; a Brønsted acid

any compound that can accept a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond; a Lewis acid.


Muslimin

مسلمين (Jawi)

Borrowed from Arabic مُسْلِمِين (muslimīn). By surface analysis, Muslim + -in.


jadi

head

jadi (Jawi spelling جادي, used in the form menjadi)

Indonesian: jadi

→ Tagalog: yari ?

Unknown
* From Sanskrit जाति (jāti, “birth”). Doublet of jati and jelata.
* Or probably cognate with Old Javanese dadi (“to become”) (compare Javanese ꦢꦢꦶ (dadi)).
* From Proto-Malayic *ɟadi. Cognate with Malagasy zary.

menjadikan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dijadikan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

menjadi-jadi [reduplication + agent focus]

Dia akan menjadi seorang guru

Beri saya wang, jadi saya dapat membeli sebuah buku komik

Dia mahukan sebuah buku, jadi dia pergi ke perpustakaan

He wanted a book, so he went to the library

(grammar) so (in order that, for that reason)


dulang

ms-noun

dulang (Jawi spelling دولڠ, plural dulang-dulang)

Indonesian: dulang

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dulaŋ (“tray or low table”).


butoh

(colloquial, vulgar) bullshit! nonsense!


murad

ms-noun

murad (Jawi spelling مورد, plural murad-murad)

From Persian مورد (murad), see there for more.


gigit

head

gigit (active menggigit, passive digigit)

Indonesian: gigit

North Moluccan Malay: gigi

From Proto-Malayic *gigit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gitgit.

(transitive) to bite (to cut off a piece by clamping the teeth)


stetoskop

Borrowed from English stethoscope, from French stéthoscope, from Ancient Greek στῆθος (stêthos, “breast”) + σκοπέω (skopéō, “look at”).


sisi

ms-noun

sisi (Jawi spelling سيسي, plural sisi-sisi)

Segi tiga mempunyai tiga sisi

Mereka melihat hal ini dari sisi mereka sahaja.

They look at this problem from their perspective only.

Ajaran komunis tidak boleh diperkembangkan di sisi rakyat.

Communist teachings cannot be spread among the people.


sisi

Minta encik menyisi sedikit, boleh?

Mister, can you move a bit to the side, please?


teater

téater (Jawi spelling تياتر, plural teater-teater)

téater (canonical)
تياتر (Jawi)
teater-teater (plural)


berilium

بيريليوم (Jawi)

From English beryllium, from New Latin beryllium, from beryllus, from Ancient Greek βήρυλλος (bḗrullos), + -ium.


itrium

From English yttrium, from Swedish Ytterby.


molibdenum

From English molybdenum, from Ancient Greek μόλυβδος (mólubdos).


sesium

From English caesium, from Latin caesius.


praseodimium

From English praseodymium, from Ancient Greek πράσιος (prásios) + didymium.


disprosium

From English dysprosium, from Ancient Greek δυσπρόσιτος (dusprósitos).


komik

From Dutch komiek, from Latin comicus, from Ancient Greek κωμικός (kōmikós, “relating to comedy”), from κῶμος (kômos, “carousal”).

der

comic, story of sequential cartoon images


lemas

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lemes. Compare Cebuano lumos.

inh+

weary (exhausted to the point of weakness, from exertion)


lemas

ms-noun

lemas (Jawi spelling لمس, plural lemas-lemas)

> Indonesian: lemas (inherited)

pelemas

someone who died of either drowning or suffocation; a person who kills victims by means of either drowning or suffocation


اون

اون (plural اون-اون or اون٢)


sukun

sukun (Jawi spelling سوکون, plural sukun-sukun)

Artocarpus altilis
Artocarpus altilis#Translingual

breadfruit, fruit of the tropical tree Artocarpus altilis


عادت

عادت (plural عادت-عادت or عادت٢)


tukar

From Proto-Malayic *tukər. Cf. Toba Batak tuhor (“to buy”), Javanese tuku (“to buy”).

Clark Kent bertukar menjadi Superman.

to change (the process of becoming different)


tukar

menukar nama

menukar tayar


tukar

menukarkan tayar

menukarkan tayar

to transform (change something into another)

Saya akan ditukarkan ke Singapura.

to transfer (reassign someone to another place)


falak

falak (Jawi spelling فلک, plural falak-falak)

Indonesian: falak

ellipsis of ilmu falak (“astronomy; astrology”)


wau

Indonesian: wau

From Thai ว่าว (wâao). Cognate with Pattani Malay وا (wa).


wau

Arabic alphabet
Appendix:Arabic script#Arabic alphabet

The name of the twenty-seventh letter of the Arabic alphabet: و

Appendix:Arabic script#Jawi & Pegon script

The name of the thirtieth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in Arabic script: و


raket

raket (Jawi spelling راکيت, plural raket-raket)


habok

(1924-1972) superseded spelling of habuk


rogol

rogol (Jawi spelling روݢول, plural rogol-rogol)

Indonesian: rogol


percuma

ڤرچوما (Jawi)

aiskrim percuma


percuma

ڤرچوما (Jawi)

Dia bekerja percuma di tempat itu.


dagu

dagu (Jawi spelling داݢو, plural dagu-dagu)

> Indonesian: dagu (inherited)


kapitalisme

کاڤيتاليسمى (Jawi)


kapas

kapas (Jawi spelling کاڤس, plural kapas-kapas)

Indonesian: kapas

Several etymologies have been proposed:
* From Pali kappāsa (“cotton”), from Sanskrit कर्पास (karpāsa, “cotton”), from a Pre-Indo-Aryan substrate. Compare Burushaski [script needed] (γupas).
* From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kapas (“cotton, thread”), from East Austroasiatic, whence Proto-Mon-Khmer *kpaas (“cotton”).


khinzir

ms-noun

khinzir (Jawi spelling خنزير, plural khinzir-khinzir)

From Classical Malay khinzir, from Arabic خِنْزِير (ḵinzīr, “pig”).


ekor

ekor (Jawi spelling ايکور, plural ekor-ekor)

ايکور (Jawi)
ekor-ekor (plural)
ekok (alternative)

From ikur, from Proto-Malayic *ikur, *ikuŋ (compare Brunei Malay ekong, Indonesian ekor, Minangkabau ikua), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ikuʀ, *ikuŋ (compare Acehnese iku, Balinese ikut, Buginese ikkoʔ), from Proto-Austronesian *ikuʀ.


ekor

(slang, humorous) classifier for human beings


buntut

buntut (Jawi spelling بونتوت, plural buntut-buntut)

From Proto-Malayic *buntut (“butt, posterior, end”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buntut (“rear end of a chicken”). Cognate with Javanese buntut (“tail”) and Tagalog buntot (“tail; butt”).


debu

ms-noun

debu (Jawi spelling دبو, plural debu-debu)

Indonesian: debu


debu

(Classical Malay) me (direct object of a verb)

(Classical Malay) me (object of a preposition)

(Classical Malay) me (indirect object of a verb)


tenaga

tenaga (Jawi spelling تناݢ, plural tenaga-tenaga)

From Sanskrit तानयति (tānayati, “to extend, to expand”).


palu

ms-noun

palu (Jawi spelling ڤالو, plural palu-palu)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *palu (“to hammer, to hit with a hard implement”), from Proto-Austronesian *palu (“to hammer, pound, hit”). Cognate with Tagalog palo and Javanese palu.

inh

Palu besi


palu

Indonesian: palu

Ali memalu Adi sebagai balasan kepada kekecamannya semasa zaman persekolahan dahulu.

Ali's hitting Adi as a form of revenge for his bullying during their school days.


ginjal

ms-noun

ginjal (Jawi spelling ݢينجل, plural ginjal-ginjal)


laju

> Indonesian: laju (inherited)

fast (capable of moving with great speed)

melajukan [agent focus + causative benefactive]


Mosko

Likely through Arabic, attested in the Hikayat Perang Setambul poem manuscript chronicling the Crimean War in the 19th century.

Moscow, the federal city, the capital of Russia.


sepeda

sepeda (Jawi spelling سڤيدا, plural sepeda-sepeda)

From Indonesian sepeda, from dialectal Dutch (standard Dutch vélocipède), from French vélocipède, from Latin velox (“swift”) + pes (“foot”).


basikal

basikal (Jawi spelling باسيکل, plural basikal-basikal)


karbon

Borrowed from English carbon, from French carbone.


cium

Indonesian: cium

Compare Hokkien 唚 /吣 (chim, “to kiss”) and Bahnar chŭm (“to kiss”).

perciuman [causative passive + resultative

menciumi [agent focus + causative benefactive]

diciumi [patient focus + causative benefactive]


جاده

جاده (plural جاده-جاده or جاده٢)


debat

debat (Jawi spelling ديبت, plural debat-debat)

Borrowed from Dutch debat, from Middle Dutch debat, tebat, from Old French debatre (“to fight, contend, debate, also literally to beat down”), from Romanic desbattere, from Latin dis- (“apart, in different directions”) + battuere (“to beat, to fence”).


plagiat

ms-noun

plagiat (Jawi spelling ڤلاݢيات, plural plagiat-plagiat)

Borrowed from Dutch plagiaat (possibly through Indonesian plagiat), from French plagiat.

Copying of another person's ideas, text, or other creative work, and presenting it as one's own, especially without permission; plagiarizing.

Text or other work resulting from this act.


plagiat

head

plagiat (Jawi spelling ڤلاݢيات, active memplagiat, 3rd person passive diplagiat)

ڤلاݢيات (Jawi)
memplagiat (active)
diplagiat (passive third-person)


kapuk

→ English: kapok

→ Finnish: kapokki

→ German: Kapok

Indonesian: kapuk

→ Italian: capoc

→ Min Nan: 加薄棉

→ Russian: капок (kapok)

→ Spanish: capoc

kapok (silky fiber from the silk-cotton tree)


Tahun Baru

تاهون بارو (Jawi)

New Year (The first few days of a calendar year)

New Year (January 1 in the Julian and Gregorian calendar and the days following)


siput

ms-noun

siput (Jawi spelling سيڤوت, plural siput-siput)

any shelled mollusc, typically snails but also including bivalves


aboi

aboi (Jawi spelling ابوي, plural aboi-aboi)

Indonesian: aboi

From Chinese 阿伯 (ābó, “old man”, literally “paternal uncle”).


bĕndera

1909, R.O. Winstedt ed., Awang Sulong Merah Muda: A Malay Folk Tale, in Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, Straits Branch, 52, page 75,
Hata bĕbĕrapa lama-nya, maka sampai-lah ka-pĕlabohan ulu Sungai Batu ; maka juru-mudi pun mĕnaikkan bĕndera kuning alamat raja bĕsar ada di-dalam-nya.

Soon after, they arrived at the port at the mouth of Sungai Batu ; and the helmsman raised the yellow flag signifying the presence of the great king within.

1928, Abdullah bin Abdul-Kadir Munshi, Kesah Pĕlayaran Abdullah, Malaya Publishing House, page 94,
Maka sahaya khabarkan-lah bagaimana hal bebas dan sĕnang orang yang diam di-bawah bĕndera Inggĕris itu.

And so I told them of the freedom and ease of the people that live under the English flag.

Aku sunggoh rindu untok mĕlihat bĕndera Hungary.

1957, James A. Michener, Jambatan Merdeka, H. M. Shah Enterprises, page 2:

(1924-1972) obsolete spelling of bendera


tawar

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tawaD (“to bargain, haggle over the price”). Compare Malay táwad (“discount; bargaining; asking for a discount; haggling over prices”).

cog

Cuba tawarkan air teh kat atuk.


tawar

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tawaR (“tasteless; neutralize something efficacious, as an antidote for poison”) or Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tabaR (“tasteless, insipid; powerless; antidote, as against snakebite”). Compare Old Javanese tawa (“powerless, weak, inefficacious, harmless”).

cog

Tawarnya air teh ni!


relativisme

ريلاتيۏيسمى (Jawi)

(philosophy) The theory, especially in ethics or aesthetics, that conceptions of truth and moral values are not absolute but are relative to the persons or groups holding them; relativism.


monogami

ms-noun

monogami (Jawi spelling مونوݢامي, plural monogami-monogami)

مونوݢامي (Jawi)
monogami-monogami (plural)

From Dutch monogamie, from French monogamie.


mewah

Compare to Temiar eniwoh (“festivity, commemoration, celebration”), Javanese ꦲꦺꦮꦸꦃ (éwuh, “busy”), Old Javanese ewuh, ewĕh, iwĕh, iwö (“difficult; to have as an object of care, have at heart, mind”).


fosil

ms-noun

fosil (Jawi spelling فوسيل, plural fosil-fosil)


lumba-lumba

lumba-lumba (Jawi spelling ٢ لومبا, plural lumba-lumba-lumba-lumba)

٢ لومبا (Jawi)
lumba-lumba-lumba-lumba (plural)
lelumba (alternative)

Indonesian: lumba-lumba

Reduplication of lumba (“race; running competition”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lumbəq.


tukul

ms-noun

tukul (Jawi spelling توکول, plural tukul-tukul)


tempeh

tempeh (Jawi spelling تيمڤيه, plural tempeh-tempeh)


-em-

gunung → gemunung

Used to form a numeral (set, many, or various).

gerlap → gemerlap

Used to form an adjective (repeatedly or continuously).


harus

> Indonesian: harus (inherited)


se-

From Classical Malay se-, from Proto-Malayic *sA-, proclitic variant of *əsa(ʔ) (“one”).

sebesar

sepanjang

secantik


se-

Used on nouns to indicate that the noun referred to is in its entirety.


agogo

agogo (Jawi spelling اݢوݢو, plural agogo-agogo)

اݢوݢو (Jawi)
agogo-agogo (plural)
a go go (alternative)


mawar

mawar (Jawi spelling ماور, plural mawar-mawar)

From Arabic مَاء وَرْد (māʔ ward, “rosewater”).


petang

ms-noun

petang (Jawi spelling ڤتڠ, plural petang-petang)

Indonesian: pêtang

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pətəŋ, compare Javanese peteng.

afternoon (part of the day between noon and evening)


hapus

Indonesian: hapus

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qa(m)pus (“come to an end, be destroyed”). Doublet of mampus. Compare Sundanese apus (“easily go out, extinguished (fire)”).

cog

Hapuskan sesiapa sahaja yang mengkhianati kesultanan beta!

Destroy all those who betrayed my kingdom!


bisnes

bisnes-bisnes (plural)
bisnis (alternative Indonesia)

From English business, from Middle English busines, busynes, businesse, bisynes, from Old English bisiġnes (“business, busyness”).


-el-

tapak → telapak

kupas → kelupas


ku-

From Proto-Malayic *ku-, nominative proclitic variant of *aku.

kutahu

I (first person singular nominative proclitic pronoun)

kau-

informal/towards God; friendly/older towards younger


tombak

ms-noun

tombak (Jawi spelling تومبق, plural tombak-tombak)


tetas

Indonesian: tetas

From Proto-Austronesian *tastas (“sever, cut through, rip out stitches”).

inh

menetaskan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

ditetaskan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

(intransitive) to hatch (to emerge from an egg)

(transitive, sewing) to unstitch; to rip out (the seams of a garment)


berhad

public limited liability company
public limited liability company

A public limited liability company (PLC).


aral

ms-noun

aral (Jawi spelling عرل, plural aral-aral)

Indonesian: aral

Borrowed from Persian عَرَض ('araz, “accident”), from Arabic عَرَض (ʕaraḍ).

bor+

mengaralkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]


pikat

ms-noun

pikat (Jawi spelling ڤيکت, plural pikat-pikat)

Indonesian: pikat


lembah

lembah (Jawi spelling لمبه, plural lembah-lembah)


Zuhrah

زهره (Jawi)
Zohrah (alternative)
Zuhrat (alternative)
Zuhara (alternative)
Zuharah (alternative)

Borrowed from Arabic الزُّهَرَة (az-zuhara).

bor+

(astronomy) Venus (the second planet in the Solar system, named for the goddess)

planets of the Solar System: ڤلانيت سيستم سوريا: عطارد · زهرة · بومي · مريخ · مشتري · زحل · اورانوس · نيڤتون [edit]


sadisme

ms-noun

sadisme (Jawi spelling ساديسمى, plural sadisme-sadisme)


relatif

ريلاتيف (Jawi)

Borrowed from English relative (“relative”), from Middle French relatif, from Late Latin relātīvus, from Latin relātus, perfect passive participle of referō (“to carry back, to ascribe”), from re- (“again”) + ferō (“to bear or carry”).

bor+

Connected to or depending on something else; relative.


mitos

ms-noun

mitos (Jawi spelling ميتوس, plural mitos-mitos)

From English mythos, from Latin mythos, from Ancient Greek μῦθος (mûthos).


kelim

kelim (Jawi spelling کليم, plural kelim-kelim)

Indonesian: kelim

(sewing) seam (folded back and stitched piece of fabric)


risiko

risiko (Jawi spelling ريسيکو, plural risiko-risiko)

From Dutch risico (“risk”), from Italian risico.


antan

antan (Jawi spelling انتن, plural antan-antan)

Indonesian: antan

From Old Javanese hantĕn. Doublet of alu.


aset

aset (Jawi spelling اسيت, plural aset-aset)

Borrowed from English asset, back-formation from assets, from Anglo-Norman asetz, from Old French assez (“enough”).

Ini salah satu aset saya.

Cash money or property that is owned by a person, company, organization and so on.

Saya pandang kedwibahasaan saya sebagai sebuah aset.

Special characteristic, feature or any other thing that is valuable and useful for someone.


lamin

lamin (Jawi spelling لامين, plural lamin-lamin)


timba

timba (Jawi spelling تيمبا, plural timba-timba)

Indonesian: timba

tertimbakan [agentless action + causative benefactive]


regat

To cross in a straight line (of a road, river, etc.).


institut

institut (Jawi spelling اينستيتوت, plural institut-institut)

اينستيتوت (Jawi)
institut-institut (plural)

From English institute, from French institut, from Middle French, from Latin īnstitūtum.

an organization founded to promote a cause.

(education) an institution of learning; a college, especially for technical subjects.


peranakan

peranakan (Jawi spelling ڤرانقن, plural peranakan-peranakan)

ڤرانقن (Jawi)
peranakan-peranakan (plural)

Indonesian: peranakan

→ Central Melanau: peranakan

→ Dutch: peranakan

→ Sundanese: paranakan

A person of mixed descendant of a place.


kacu

kacu (Jawi spelling کاچو, plural kacu-kacu)

Indonesian: kacu

→ English: catechu


arang

arang (Jawi spelling ارڠ, plural arang-arang)

Indonesian: arang

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *harəŋ, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qajəŋ.

mengarangkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

diarangkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


ikat

From Proto-Malayic *ikət, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hikət, from Proto-Austronesian *Sikət (“tie, bind, attach to by tying”).


ikat

Indonesian: ikat

→ Tok Pisin: ika

perikatan [causative passive + resultative


ikat

ms-classifier

ikat (Jawi spelling ايکت, singular seikat)

seikat serai


asam

From Proto-Malayic *(ma-)hasəm, from earlier *ma-qalsəm, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ma- + Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaləsəm.


asam

ms-noun

asam (Jawi spelling اسم, plural asam-asam)

Indonesian: asam

→ Min Nan: 亞森／亚森 (a-som, “tamarind”)

asam garam


staf

staf (Jawi spelling ستف, plural staf-staf)


pisau

pisau (Jawi spelling ڤيساو, plural pisau-pisau)

Indonesian: pisau

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pisaw (“kind of knife or machete”) reconstructed by Robert Blust. He included several reflexes in Oceanic languages (cf. Bola viso (“knife”) and Nakanai la-viso (“knife”)).


teknik

From English technique, from French technique, from Ancient Greek τεχνικός (tekhnikós), from τέχνη (tékhnē).

technique (method of carrying something out)


lauk

Indonesian: lauk

From Proto-Malayic *lauk, grom Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lahuk (“mixed, as foods”). Compare to Brunei Malay lauk (“fish; side dish”).


belek

to look carefully esp. at a close distance from the naked eye

to rummage or scour through pages of books, letters etc


belek

> Indonesian: belek (inherited)

red eye with sticky discharge as conjunctivitis


belek

Borrowed from Betawi belek, from Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *banelik (“slime, slimy”).


سوت

ms-noun

سوت (plural سوت-سوت or سوت٢)


ترک

ترک (plural ترک-ترک or ترک٢)


siamang

siamang (Jawi spelling سيامڠ, plural siamang-siamang)

→ English: siamang
→ Finnish: siamanki

(zoology) siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus)


mampus

From Proto-Malayic *mampus, probably from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ma- + *qa(m)pus (“come to an end, be destroyed”). Doublet of hapus. Compare Sundanese apus (“easily go out, extinguished (fire)”).


mampus

Indonesian: mampus

North Moluccan Malay: mampos

Mampus aku, mercun aku meletup kena kat kerusi santai pak cik Lee!

Shit, my rocket burst a hole on Uncle Lee's lawnchair!


astaghfirullah

From Arabic أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللّٰهَ (ʔastaḡfiru llāha, “I seek forgiveness from God”).

bor

أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللّٰهَ

(Islam, literally) a prayer seeking for forgiveness from God.


genealogi

ms-noun

genealogi (Jawi spelling ݢينيالوݢي, plural genealogi-genealogi)

ݢينيالوݢي (Jawi)
genealogi-genealogi (plural)

Borrowed from English genealogy, from Middle English genealogie, genologie, genelogie, from Old French genealogie (Modern French généalogie), from Late Latin genealogia, from Ancient Greek γενεαλογία (genealogía), from γενεά (geneá, “generation, descent”) and -λογία (-logía, “study of”).


gak

Aku nak gi gak!


gak

(onomatopoeia) The sound that a crow makes.


gerai

gerai (Jawi spelling ݢراي, plural gerai-gerai)


rian

(Sarawak) A type of wood of Palaquium trees.


مين

مين (plural مين-مين or مين٢)


baku

Uncertain.
* From Javanese ꦧꦏꦸ (baku, “main, essential, basic; rice-field given to a village head instead of salary”).
* From Manado Malay baku- (“mutually, reciprocally, each other, one another”).
Another alternative proposal is that it is borrowed from Minangkabau baku (“frozen”), compare with beku.

bor

bahasa Melayu baku


baku

ms-noun

baku (Jawi spelling باکو, plural baku-baku)

Aku tak biasa cakap baku.

(informal) The artificial standardized accent of Malay where every letter is prescribed only one sound (e.g. ⟨k⟩ is only pronounced [k] and ⟨a⟩ is only pronounced [a]).


baku

(eastern Indonesia) each other, one another


strim

Borrowed from English stream, from Middle English streem, strem, from Old English strēam, from Proto-West Germanic *straum, from Proto-Germanic *straumaz (“stream”), from Proto-Indo-European *srowmos (“river”), from Proto-Indo-European *srew- (“to flow”).

(computing) A stream (source or repository of data).


strim

head

strim (Jawi spelling ستريم, active menstrim or mengestrim, 3rd person passive distrim)

ستريم (Jawi)
menstrim (active)
mengestrim (active)
distrim (passive third-person)

Strim siri ini sekarang di Netflix.

(Internet) To push continuous data (e.g. music) from a server to a client computer while it is being used (played) on the client.

Dia kerap menstrim permainan ini di YouTube.

He/She often streams this game on YouTube.

(transitive) To stream:
(Internet) To livestream.


halang

Indonesian: halang

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qalaŋ (“obstruct, lie across or athwart”). Compare Tagalog harang.

inh

Dinding banjir tidak berjaya menghalang air yang semakin meningkat parasnya.

The flood wall didn't succeed in blocking the rising water.


sakau

From sakar (“to rob, robbery”) – through rhotacism of final /r/ prominent in the Malaccan dialect – from Minangkabau sakar; sakar itself likely related to cakar (“to claw, to seize”).

(Malaysia, informal) to snatch, to rob, to steal


sakai

From Semai mensakai ("work together"), East Austroasiatic. In Thailand, the word Thai ซาไก (“saagai”), used for the indigenous Maniq people, means "barbarous" or "a slave".

(slang, offensive, ethnic slur) an Orang Asli person.

(slang, offensive, ethnic slur) an unsophisticated person.

(slang, offensive, ethnic slur) a subordinate.


kendi

ms-noun

kendi (Jawi spelling کندي, plural kendi-kendi)

Indonesian: kêndi

→ English: kendi

→ Maguindanao: kendi

→ Maranao: kendi'

→ Toba Batak: hondi, gondi

From Sanskrit कुण्डी (kuṇḍī), female form of कुण्ड (kuṇḍa) or कुण्डिक (kuṇḍika, “water pot”).


taip

menaipkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]


sirip

sirip (Jawi spelling سيريڤ, plural sirip-sirip)


راس

راس (plural راس-راس or راس٢)


ateis

ateis (Jawi spelling اتيئيس, plural ateis-ateis)

From English atheist, from Middle French athéiste (athée + -iste), from Latin atheos, from Ancient Greek ἄθεος (átheos, “godless, without god”), from ἀ- (a-, “without”) + θεός (theós, “god”).


patik

(Palace Malay) I, me, my (exclusive use to face royalties)


patik

From Proto-Malayic *pətik, from Proto-Austronesian *pəCik (“snap, as the fingers or a slingshot”). Compare with Tagalog pitik.


patik

ms-noun

patik (Jawi spelling ڤاتيق, plural patik-patik)


judi

judi (Jawi spelling جودي, plural judi-judi)

Indonesian: judi


bawang

bawang (Jawi spelling باوڠ, plural bawang-bawang)

> Indonesian: bawang (inherited)

→ Ternate: bawa

Ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bawaŋ (“garlic, onion”).
Sense of "gossiping" attested from 2017 to refer to scenarios of old ladies gossiping while peeling onions in preparation for communal cooking (kenduri), by association of verb kupas meaning not only "to peel" but also "to get to the bottom of something".

inh

a generic name for onion, include garlic, leek etc.

(by extension) a plant of the genus Allium.


bawang

(Malaysia, figuratively) to be angry; see membawang

Apa yang diorang bawangkan tu?


serigala

ms-noun

serigala (Jawi spelling سريݢالا, plural serigala-serigala)

سريݢالا (Jawi)
serigala-serigala (plural)

Indonesian: serigala

Borrowed from Sanskrit सृगाल (sṛgāla, “jackal”).


bayi

ms-noun

bayi (Jawi spelling بايي, plural bayi-bayi)

Indonesian: bayi

→ Javanese: bayi

→ Madurese: bhâji'

kadar kematian bayi


kijang

kijang (Jawi spelling کيجڠ, plural kijang-kijang)

> Indonesian: kijang (inherited)

→ Chinese: 棋樟山 (Qízhāng Shān)


hampir

Possibly from Dutch amper (“scarcely, barely”).


pelangi

pelangi (Jawi spelling ڤلاڠي, plural pelangi-pelangi)

> Indonesian: pelangi (inherited)

Related to pelang (“striped”), doublet of belang.


bianglala

bianglala (Jawi spelling بياڠلالا, plural bianglala-bianglala)

بياڠلالا (Jawi)
bianglala-bianglala (plural)

Borrowed from Betawi bianglala, from Balinese ᬩᬶᬬᬗ᭄ᬮᬮᬄ (bianglalah, “rainbow”).

der

(chiefly Batavian Malay, rare and sometimes poetic elsewhere) rainbow

chiefly Batavian Malay; rare and sometimes poetic elsewhere; chiefly Batavian Malay; rare and sometimes poetic elsewhere


jari manis

ms-noun

jari manis (Jawi spelling جاري مانيس, plural jari-jari manis)

جاري مانيس (Jawi)
jari-jari manis (plural)

> Indonesian: jari manis (inherited)

→ Tausug: jaymanis

Compound of jari (“finger”) + manis (“sweet”).

compound+

(anatomy) The ring finger (the finger between the middle finger and the little finger).


komet

ms-noun

komet (Jawi spelling کوميت, plural komet-komet)


gempa bumi

gempa bumi (Jawi spelling ݢمڤا بومي, plural gempa-gempa bumi)

ݢمڤا بومي (Jawi)
gempa-gempa bumi (plural)

Indonesian: gempa bumi

From gempa (“tremor; quake”) + bumi (“earth”), calque of English earthquake.


طبيب

ms-noun

طبيب (plural طبيب-طبيب or طبيب٢)


rela

From Arabic رِضَا (riḍā). Doublet of reda.


rela

rela (Jawi spelling ريلا, plural rela-rela)

Indonesian: rela


topeng

topeng (Jawi spelling توڤيڠ, plural topeng-topeng)

> Indonesian: topeng (inherited)

→ Min Nan: 多秉 (to-péng)

→ Tausug: tuping


peras

Indonesian: peras


cerutu

cerutu (Jawi spelling چروتو, plural cerutu-cerutu)

چروتو (Jawi)
cerutu-cerutu (plural)
cerut (alternative)

Indonesian: cerutu

→ Cantonese: 珠律 (zu3 leot1)

→ Min Nan: 珠律 (chu-lu̍t)

Borrowed from Portuguese charuto, from Tamil சுருட்டு (curuṭṭu).


serangga

serangga (Jawi spelling سرڠݢ, plural serangga-serangga)

Indonesian: serangga

Borrowed from Sanskrit सारङ्ग (sāraṅga, “bee”, literally “spotted, varigated”).


paul

ms-noun

paul (Jawi spelling ڤاءول, plural paul-paul)


nuklear

nuclear, pertaining to the nucleus of an atom.


سطح

سطح (plural سطح-سطح or سطح٢)


donat

From English donut, an alteration of doughnut.


malah

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *walaq + stative prefix Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ma-.


cadang

Indonesian: cadang


pirana

pirana (Jawi spelling ڤيران, plural pirana-pirana)

ڤيران (Jawi)
pirana-pirana (plural)
piranha (alternative)


dukun

dukun (Jawi spelling دوکون, plural dukun-dukun)

> Indonesian: dukun (inherited)

→ Min Nan: 老君 (ló-kun)
→ English: lokun

→ English: dukun


APM

Angkatan Pertahanan Awam Malaysia
w:ms:Angkatan Pertahanan Awam Malaysia

(Malaysia) Initialism of Angkatan Pertahanan Awam Malaysia (“Malaysia Civil Defence Force”).


pawang

pawang (Jawi spelling ڤاوڠ, plural pawang-pawang)

> Indonesian: pawang (inherited)

→ English: pawang

shaman (a medium between the concrete and spirit worlds)


تامن

تامن (plural تامن-تامن or تامن٢)


-mu

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *mu, from Proto-Austronesian *mu. Compare Tagalog mo.

Aku telah memulangkan penselmu.

Aku rela berada bersamamu.


-nya

-ڽا (Jawi)
-nye (alternative pronunciation-spelling)
-nyo (alternative pronunciation-spelling)

Indonesian: -nya

→ Petjo: -nja

From Proto-Malayic *ña, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ni-a, from Proto-Austronesian *ni-a. Compare Tagalog niya.

ibunya

Third person singular oblique enclitic pronoun.

Aku memeluknya.

Kami belum memberitahunya tentang ini.

Aku pinjam pensel ini daripadanya.

As an object of a preposition, with the exception for 'di', 'ke', and sometimes 'dalam' (see the usage notes below).

Bangunannya lawa.

(in some contexts and positions only) Used to mark definiteness.

bukunya aku

abangnya Dani

Used to mark possessive, especially in some context where it needs to be clear.

Manisnya gula-gula ini

(by extension)
Used to emphasize an adjective.

lajunya sebuah kereta

lemahnya kerajaan

the weakness of the government (lemah means 'weak')

(by extension)
Used to nominalize an adjective.

dibacanya buku

(with the passive prefix 'di-') Used to nominalize a passive verb.


ke-

head

ke- (Jawi spelling with consonant-initial stem ک-, Jawi spelling with vowel-initial stem کأ-)

with consonant-initial stem ک- (Jawi)
with vowel-initial stem کأ- (Jawi)

From Old Malay ke-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-.

Bulan kelima.


ke-

Indonesian: ke-

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-, from Proto-Austronesian *ka-.
According to Poedjosoedarmo (1982), the productivity of ke- is influenced by the cognate Javanese ꦏ- (ka-).

ke- + tua (“old”) → ketua (“leader”)

(no longer productive) Forms a noun that has the characteristics of the base word.

(verb, no longer productive) to be able of


mesosfera

ميسوسفيرا (Jawi)

Learned borrowing from New Latin mesosphaera, from Ancient Greek μέσος (mésos, “middle”) + σφαῖρα (sphaîra, “sphere”).


zuriat

ms-noun

zuriat (Jawi spelling ذوريت, plural zuriat-zuriat)

ذوريت (Jawi)
zuriat-zuriat (plural)
duriat (alternative)

Borrowed from Arabic ذُرِّيَّة (ḏurriyya).


roket

ms-noun

roket (Jawi spelling روکيت, plural roket-roket)


misal

misal (Jawi spelling ميثل, plural misal-misal)

Indonesian: misal


guar

guar (Jawi spelling ݢوار, plural guar-guar)

→ Southern Thai: ควน


sirih

Indonesian: sirih

→ English: sirih

→ Min Nan: 絲里 (si-lí)

an evergreen Indian creeping shrub, Piper betle.

dried leaves of plant above are chewed with betel nut


ritma

From English rhythm, from Latin rhythmus, from Ancient Greek ῥυθμός (rhuthmós, “any measured flow or movement, symmetry, rhythm”), from ῥέω (rhéō, “I flow, run, stream, gush”).

uder

rhythm (variation of strong and weak elements of sounds over time)


gagak

ms-noun

gagak (Jawi spelling ݢاݢق, plural gagak-gagak)

Indonesian: gagak (“crow”)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gakgak (“caw, as a crow; raucous talking of people”), probably onomatopoeic.


punca

ms-noun

punca (Jawi spelling ڤونچا, plural punca-punca)

Indonesian: punca

punca bekalan air

Sesetengah pengawet yang terdapat dalam makanan, terutamanya makanan segera atau makanan diproses juga boleh menjadi punca sakit kepala.

2018 September 4, “Punca terjadinya migrain [Cause for the occurrence of migrain]”, in Media Permata, archived from the original on 2018-10-27:

Some preservatives that are found in food, especially fast food or processed food can also be a cause of headaches.


توم

توم (plural توم-توم or توم٢)


selam

From Proto-Austronesian *selem₁ (“sink, immerse oneself in water, dive into the water; to set, of the sun”). Compare Bikol Central salom and Cebuano salom.

inh

Itam telah menyelam ke dalam kolam itu seorang diri.


oktagon

ms-noun

oktagon (Jawi spelling اوکتاݢون, plural oktagon-oktagon)

اوکتاݢون (Jawi)
oktagon-oktagon (plural)

(mathematics) A polygon that has eight sides; octagon.


lembu

lembu (Jawi spelling لمبو, plural lembu-lembu)

Indonesian: lembu

Related to Acehnese leumo, Western Cham lemou and Jarai rơmo (all three from Proto-Chamic *lamo), likely from Proto-Mon-Khmer *lnboʔ (“ox”)

Berat badan lembu boleh mencapai 700 kilogram.

A cow can weigh as much as 700 kilograms.


توان

توان (plural توان-توان or توان٢)


badan

badan (Jawi spelling بادن, plural badan-badan)

Indonesian: badan

→ Maranao: badan

→ Mongondow: badan

→ Sangir: badang

→ Tausug: baran

→ Urak Lawoi': บาดัด (badat)

→ West Makian: badan

(anatomy) body (physical structure of a human or animal)


unik

From English unique, from French unique, from Latin ūnicus.

suara unik


bilik

Indonesian: bilik

desctree

→ Arabic: بِلِّيج (billīj), بَالِج (bālij), بَلَنْج (balanj) — taṣḥīf, after Hindi पलंग (palaṅg, “bed”)
→ Judeo-Arabic: כליג (balīj)

→ Portuguese: beliche
→ Tetum: belixe

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bilik. Cognate of Javanese bilik

An enclosure just big enough to accommodate one standing person; a booth.

(obsolete) type of screen woven out of bamboo strips used to partition walls in houses and so on.


reda

Borrowed from Arabic رِضَا (riḍā, “to be pleased, to be satisfied”). Doublet of rela.

bor

Ready with honest intentions to do something.


reda

Indonesian: reda

to be almost finished, to be almost over, to be almost vanished


ayam

ms-noun

ayam (Jawi spelling ايم, plural ayam-ayam)

ايم (Jawi)
ayam-ayam (plural)
hayam (alternative)

> Indonesian: ayam (inherited)

→ Madurese: ajâm

From hayam, from Proto-Malayic *hayam, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qayam.
Prostitute sense is a semantic loan from Chinese 雞 /鸡 (“female prostitute”, literally “chicken”).


cetek

> Indonesian: cetek (inherited)

Kolam ini terlalu cetek untuk saya.

(of a body of water) Not having much depth.

Pengetahuan Adam tentang matematik sangat cetek.

Adam's knowledge in maths is very shallow.

(figurative, of a person's knowledge about something) Not that expansive; limited.


pendar

> Indonesian: pendar (inherited)

bioluminescence (of glowworms, fireflies, millipedes)

flickering light; gleaming ray
phosphorescence (of seas)


pendar

(intransitive, photography) to pan (of cameras)


ابجد

ms-noun

ابجد (plural ابجد-ابجد or ابجد٢)


ارض

ارض (plural ارض-ارض or ارض٢)


buntal

From Proto-Malayic *buntal, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buntal.


هيليوم

هيليوم (plural هيليوم-هيليوم or هيليوم٢)

هيليوم-هيليوم (plural)
هيليوم٢ (plural)


بورون

بورون (plural بورون-بورون or بورون٢)


نيون

نيون (plural نيون-نيون or نيون٢)


فضة

فضة (plural فضة-فضة or فضة٢)


دولي

دولي (plural دولي-دولي or دولي٢)


اخضر

اخضر (plural اخضر-اخضر or اخضر٢)


petola

petola (Jawi spelling ڤتولا, plural petola-petola)

ڤتولا (Jawi)
petola-petola (plural)
ketola (alternative)

From Sanskrit पटोल (paṭola, “pointed gourd”).

Luffa acutangula
Luffa acutangula#Translingual


ورن

ورن (plural ورن-ورن or ورن٢)

1879, Anonymous, Hikayat Bayan Budiman, page 37,
مك ادا بوڠا ستڠكي فدا همب فاكي له اوله توانهمب باوا برلاير بارڠ كمناڽ دان اد سهلي كاين ورن كسمبا همب فاكي جوك
Maka ada bunga setangkai pada hamba, pakailah oleh tuan hamba bawa belayar barang kemananya; dan ada sehelai kain warna kesumba hamba, pakai juga.
I have a flower, wear it wherever you sail; and I have a safflower-coloured cloth, wear it as well.

ورنا ورنا#Malay


ورنا

ورنا (plural ورنا-ورنا or ورنا٢)

1879, Anonymous, Hikayat Bayan Budiman, page 38,
مك راج فون برتاڽ هي سودكر بوڠا افاكه ايت يڠ توانهمب فاكي ستله براف بولن لماڽ سوده اكو ليهت دسيني تيادا جوك براوبه ورناڽ
Maka raja pun bertanya, "Hai saudagar, bunga apakah itu yang tuan hamba pakai? Setelah berapa bulan lamanya sudah aku lihat di sini, tiada juga berubah warnanya."
The king asked, "O merchant, what flower is it that you wear? For several months I have seen it here, yet its colour has not changed."


kuno

Mesir kuno

Walaupun kita sudah memasuki abad ke-21, masih terdapat banyak orang yang berfikiran kuno.

Although we have entered the 21st century, there are still many people who think in an old-fashioned way.


رمبوت

رمبوت (plural رمبوت-رمبوت or رمبوت٢)

1879, Anonymous, Hikayat Bayan Budiman, page 25,
مك كات باين جك دمكين چوكرله رمبوة م دهول دان بولو كنڠم ايت سفيا اكو بوله ممولڠ كن اڠكو دڠن سواميم
Maka kata bayan, "Jika demikian, cukurlah rambutmu dahulu dan bulu keningmu itu supaya aku boleh memulangkan engkau dengan suamimu."
The parakeet said, "If that is so, then first shave your hair and your eyebrows so that I may return you to your husband."

رامبوت رامبوت#Malay


رمبت

رمبت (plural رمبت-رمبت or رمبت٢)

1879, Anonymous, Hikayat Bayan Budiman, page 25,
حتى براف لماڽ مك رمبت فرمفون ايتفون فنجڠله
Hatta berapa lamanya, maka rambut perempuan itu pun panjanglah.
After some time, the woman's hair grew long.

رامبوت رامبوت#Malay


paip

paip (Jawi spelling ڤاءيڤ, plural paip-paip)


koku

Clipping of kokurikulum (“cocurriculum”).

clipping

(Malaysia, school slang) cocurriculum; extracurriculum


skru

ms-noun

skru (Jawi spelling سکرو, plural skru-skru)


kubu

kubu (Jawi spelling کوبو, plural kubu-kubu)

Indonesian: kubu

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kubu. Cognate with Tagalog kubo.

perkubuan [causative passive + resultative


perlahan

ڤرلاهن (Jawi)
pelan (alternative informal)

Ultimately from Proto-Mon-Khmer [Term?].

Kereta ini terlalu perlahan untuk saya.

Tak cukup perlahan TV tu.


perlahan

head

perlahan (Jawi spelling ڤرلاهن, also used in the form perlahan-perlahan)

ڤرلاهن (Jawi)
perlahan-perlahan (also used-in-the-form)
pelan (alternative informal)

> Indonesian: perlahan (inherited)

Makan perlahan.

Minta cakap perlahan sikit, boleh?

Can you talk a bit more quietly, please?

Walaupun jarum itu ditarik keluar perlahan, Adam masih lagi rasa pedihnya.

Even though that pin was pulled out gently, Adam still felt the pain.


daging

ms-noun

daging (Jawi spelling داݢيڠ, plural daging-daging)

Indonesian: daging

daging kambing

Saya nak daging.

(informal, Malaysia) ellipsis of daging lembu (“beef (lit. "cow meat")”); beef.

The edible part of a fruit between the skin and the seed; the mesocarp.

The human body (in contrast to the mind and soul).


iklan

From Arabic إِعْلَان (ʔiʕlān). Attested in 1901.

bor

Arabic إِعْلَان (ʔiʕlān)


bunduki

ms-noun

bunduki (Jawi spelling بندقي, plural bunduki-bunduki)


jitu

Indonesian: jitu

accurate (exact or careful conformity to truth)


dinda

dinda (Jawi spelling ديندا, plural dinda-dinda)


teksi

téksi (Jawi spelling تيکسي, plural teksi-teksi)

téksi (canonical)
تيکسي (Jawi)
teksi-teksi (plural)
taksi (alternative)


mustahil

مستحيل (Jawi)


sep

(onomatopoeia) The sound of a high-five.


sunat

sunat (Jawi spelling سونت, plural sunat-sunat)

From Arabic سُنَّة (sunna, “a recommended practice”).

bor

(Islam) circumcision (excising foreskin from penis)


selat

ms-noun

selat (Jawi spelling سلت, plural selat-selat)

> Indonesian: selat (inherited)

→ Chinese: 石叻 (Shílè, “Singapore”)

From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *selat (“narrow opening or passage between two things”). Cognates include Tagalog silat.


rasmi

Indonesian: resmi

→ Javanese: ꦉꦱ꧀ꦩꦶ (resmi)

Kenyataan rasmi

Bahasa rasmi

Surat rasmi


anarkisme

انرکيسمى (Jawi)


SPR

Suruhanjaya Pilihan Raya Malaysia
w:ms:Suruhanjaya Pilihan Raya Malaysia

(Malaysia) Initialism of Suruhanjaya Pilihan Raya Malaysia (“Election Commission of Malaysia”).


uji

Indonesian: uji

From Proto-Malayic *uji, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uzi (“test, assay, examine”).

Hari ini, cikgu akan menguji pengetahun am awak semua.

Today, I will test your general knowledge skills.


penisilin

ڤينيسيلين (Jawi)


salak

ms-noun

salak (Jawi spelling سالق, plural salak-salak)

→ Czech: salaka

→ English: salak

→ Finnish: salaki

→ Indonesian: salak

→ Italian: salacca

→ Japanese: サラク (saraku)

→ Khmer: សាឡាក់ (saalak)

→ Korean: 살라크 (sallakeu)

→ Malayalam: സലാക്കാ (salākkā)

→ Polish: salaka

→ Russian: салак (salak)

→ Slovak: salaka

→ Thai: สละ (sala)

→ Ukrainian: салак (salak)


salak

head

salak (Jawi spelling سالق, used in the form menyalak)


nikel

From English nickel, from Swedish nickel, an abbreviation of German kupfernickel.


sindrom

ms-noun

sindrom (Jawi spelling سيندروم, plural sindrom-sindrom)


مجله

مجله (plural مجله-مجله or مجله٢)


nawa

From Sanskrit नवन् (návan), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥.


ى

The thirty-fifth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Arabic script.


sirap

sirap-sirap (plural)
sirop, sirup (alternative)


rehat

Activity where one relaxes oneself; rest.


rehat

Indonesian: rehat

Rehatlah dahulu.


akik

akik (Jawi spelling عقيق, plural akik-akik)


daun bawang

daun bawang (Jawi spelling داءون باوڠ, plural daun-daun bawang)

داءون باوڠ (Jawi)
daun-daun bawang (plural)


کوره

کوره (plural کوره-کوره or کوره٢)


pekak

pekak (Jawi spelling ڤيکق, plural pekak-pekak)


haiwan

haiwan (Jawi spelling حيوان, plural haiwan-haiwan)

Etymology tree
Arabic حَيَوَان (ḥayawān)bor.
Classical Persian حَیْوَان (haywān)bor.
Malay haiwan
Borrowed from Classical Persian حَیْوَان (haywān), borrowed from Arabic حَيَوَان (ḥayawān).


haiwan

> Indonesian: hewan (inherited)

→ Ternate: haiwan

→ West Makian: haiwan


bilang

Indonesian: bilang

From Proto-Austronesian *bilaŋ (“to count, calculate; hold valuable”). Compare Old Javanese wilaṅ and Tagalog bilang.

inh

to count (to enumerate or determine number)


cendawan

ms-noun

cendawan (Jawi spelling چنداون, plural cendawan-cendawan)

چنداون (Jawi)
cendawan-cendawan (plural)

Indonesian: cendawan


bateri

bateri (Jawi spelling باتري, plural bateri-bateri)

باتري (Jawi)
bateri-bateri (plural)
baterai (alternative)

From English battery, from Middle French batterie, from Old French baterie (“action of beating”), from batre (“battre”), from Latin battuō (“beat”). Doublet of baterai.


tenar

Indonesian: tenar

Possibly from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tənəʀ.


kehamilan

کحاميلن (Jawi)


kesedihan

ms-noun

kesedihan (Jawi spelling کسديهن, plural kesedihan-kesedihan)

کسديهن (Jawi)
kesedihan-kesedihan (plural)


cerai

From (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ceray (“part, separate, divide”). Compare with Maranao seray.


bankbiljet

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch bankbiljet.


canai

ms-noun

canai (Jawi spelling چاناي, plural canai-canai)

From Tamil சாணைக்கல் (cāṇaikkal, “whetstone”).

bor

grindstone, millstone (an abrasive wheel for sharpening, polishing or grinding)


beka

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian [Term?]. Compare Tagalog bigkas.


lumpur

لومڤور (Jawi)

→ Indonesian: lumpur


kuala

ms-noun

kuala (Jawi spelling کوالا, plural kuala-kuala)

Indonesian: kuala

(geography) confluence (point where two rivers or streams meet)


batu karang

coral (having the yellowish pink colour of coral)


polemik

polemik (Jawi spelling ڤوليميک, plural polemik-polemik)


کوتا

کوتا (plural کوتا-کوتا or کوتا٢)


rakam

راقم (Jawi)
رقم (Jawi)
rekam (alternative)


teri

teri (Jawi spelling تري, plural teri-teri)

Indonesian: teri


gelar

gelar (Jawi spelling ݢلر, plural gelar-gelar)

ݢلر (Jawi)
gelar-gelar (plural)
galar (alternative)
gĕlar (alternative)

desc

> Indonesian: gelar (“title”) (inherited)

→ Tausug: gulal

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *ɡəlar.
First attested in the Kota Kapur inscription, 686 CE, as Old Malay [script needed] (galar) in inflected form nigalarku

menggelari [agent focus + causative benefactive]

E.g. Tengku, Datuk, Tun

E.g. si kedekut (the greedy one), si bodoh (the stupid one)

nickname that relates to one's characteristics or condition.


gelar

ݢلر (Jawi)
gelar-gelar (plural)
gĕlar (alternative)


Ĕ

(obsolete) The seventh letter of the 1927 – 1972 Malay alphabet, written in Latin script.


babun

ms-noun

babun (Jawi spelling بابون, plural babun-babun)


untuk

اونتوق (Jawi)

for (directed at, intended to belong to)


daerah

daerah (Jawi spelling داءيره, plural daerah-daerah)

> Indonesian: daerah (inherited)

→ Tausug: daira


urbanisme

Adaptation of English urbanism with -isme.


ذکر

ذکر (plural ذکر-ذکر or ذکر٢)


gudang

gudang (Jawi spelling ݢودڠ, plural gudang-gudang)

Indonesian: gudang

→ Chinese:

zh-l

牛壟／牛垄 (gû-lóng)

Min Nan: 牛壟／牛垄 (gû-lóng)

→ English: godown

→ Burmese: ဂိုဒေါင် (guidaung)

→ Macanese: gudám

→ Pashto: ګودام (godãm)

→ Portuguese: gudão

→ Bengali: গুদাম (gudam)

desc

→ Thai: โกดัง (goo-dang), กุดัง (gù-dang)

→ Lao: ກຸດັງ (ku dang), ໂກດັງ (kō dang)

→ Tausug: guddang

* Borrowed from Tamil கிடங்கு (kiṭaṅku, “store room”).
* Borrowed from Javanese ꦒꦸꦝꦁ (gudhang)


fasa

From English phase, from New Latin phasis, from Ancient Greek φάσις (phásis, “an appearance”), from φάω (pháō, “to shine”).


telanjang

Indonesian: telanjang

North Moluccan Malay: talanjang

desc

→ Thai: ล่อนจ้อน (lɔ̂n-jɔ̂n)

→ Thai: ล่อนจ้อน (lɔ̂n-jɔ̂n)


زمان

ms-noun

زمان (plural زمان-زمان or زمان٢)


malai

malai (Jawi spelling مالاي, plural malai-malai)

garland, especially an elaborate one adorned with gold, gemstones etc.


ketupat

ketupat (Jawi spelling کتوڤت, plural ketupat-ketupat)

→ English: ketupat


bajing

bajing (Jawi spelling باجيڠ, plural bajing-bajing)

> Indonesian: bajing (inherited)

desc

> Peranakan Indonesian: badjing (inherited)

→ Dutch: badjing


buran

ms-noun

buran (Jawi spelling بورن, plural buran-buran)


najam

najam (Jawi spelling نجم, plural najam-najam)


normatif

نورماتيف (Jawi)

tatabahasa normatif

Establishing or based on a norm or a standard; normative.


-atif

pejoratif


warung

warung (Jawi spelling واروڠ, plural warung-warung)

→ English: warung

→ Min Nan: 亞朗／亚朗 (a-lóng), 阿朗 (a-lóng)

From Javanese warung (ꦮꦫꦸꦁ, “small shop, food stall”), from Old Javanese warung, waruṅ (“temporary lodging-place”), probably ultimately from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ruuŋ (“unpartitioned building”). Doublet of barung.


sonder

From Dutch zonder, from Middle Dutch sonder, from Old Dutch sunder, from Proto-Germanic *sundraz.

(Netherlands, Indonesia) Synonym of tanpa (“without”)


Pasir Ris

→ English: Pasir Ris

→ Chinese: 巴西立 (Bāxīlì)

Either from:
* pasir (“sand”) + hiris (“shred”), literally “shredding the sand”.
* pasir (“sand”) + ris (“bolt rope”)

com

Pasir Ris (a planning area and town in the East Region of Singapore)


ahmak

(derogatory) stupid (lacking in intelligence)


bola sepak

ms-noun

bola sepak (Jawi spelling بول سڨق, plural bola-bola sepak)

بول سڨق (Jawi)
bola-bola sepak (plural)
sepak bola (alternative)

Compound of bola (“ball”) + sepak (“to kick”).


tuds

* (Baku, Johor-Riau) IPA⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /ˈtuts/ [ˈt̪ut̪s]

ms-IPA

(Internet slang) Abbreviation of tudung.


haji

Indonesian: haji


jika

Indonesian: jika


lekas

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lekas (“quick, quickly”), with the root *-kas (“swift, agile, strong, energetic”).


perdata

ms-noun

perdata (Jawi spelling ڤردات, plural perdata-perdata)

From Javanese ꦥꦿꦢꦠ (pradata, “court”), from Old Javanese pradata (“communication; explanation”), from Sanskrit प्र- (pra-, “act of”) + धट (dhaṭa, “ordeal by the balance”). Doublet of pidato. See also old Sanskrit loans like perdana (from प्रधान pradhāna), percaya (from प्रत्यय pratyaya) and perkara (from प्रकार prakāra).


perdata

(law, Indonesia) civil, relating to private relations among citizens, as opposed to criminal matters


tiris

Indonesian: tiris

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tiʀis (“drip, ooze through, leak”).

inh+

meniriskan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

ditiriskan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


paku

ms-noun

paku (Jawi spelling ڤاکو, plural paku-pakis)

Indonesian: paku

→ Chinese: 巴姑菜 (bāgūcài)

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *paku(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paku, from Proto-Austronesian *pahəku (“bracken; edible fern that grows by rivers”).


paku

ms-noun

paku (Jawi spelling ڤاکو, plural paku-paku)

Indonesian: paku

memakukan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dipakukan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


pakatan

pakatan (Jawi spelling ڤاکتن, plural pakatan-pakatan)


boti

Either from Indonesian boti or directly from English bottom.

'U' mesti sukakan dapat main dengan boti sorang.

(I bet) 'you' just love having sex with a bottom, don’t you?

(slang, LGBTQ slang) a bottom (person who has a receptive role during intercourse)


canda

canda (Jawi spelling چندا, plural canda-canda)


informatif

اينفورماتيف (Jawi)

Having and providing useful information regarding something; informative.


anjing rakun

Nyctereutes procyonoides
Nyctereutes procyonoides#Translingual


anjing prairi

head

anjing prairi (plural anjing-anjing prairi)


anjing laut

ms-noun

anjing laut (Jawi spelling انجيڠ لاٴوت, plural anjing-anjing laut)

انجيڠ لاٴوت (Jawi)
anjing-anjing laut (plural)


berang-berang

برڠ٢ (Jawi)
memerang (alternative)
memberang (alternative)


binturung

binturung (Jawi spelling بينتوروڠ, plural binturung-binturung)

بينتوروڠ (Jawi)
binturung-binturung (plural)
benturung (alternative)

Indonesian: binturung

→ English: binturong

→ Japanese: ビントロング

→ Korean: 빈투롱 (binturong)

→ Russian: бинтуро́нг (binturóng)

Related to Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ma-tuRun