labial

لابيال (Jawi)

From English labial, from Medieval Latin labiālis (“of or pertaining to the lips”), from labium (“a lip”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix).

af

(linguistics, phonetics) Articulated by the lips, as the consonants b, m and w.


labial

head

labial (Jawi spelling لابيال, also used in the form bunyi labial)

لابيال (Jawi)
bunyi labial (also used-in-the-form)

(linguistics, phonetics) A labial consonant.


matrilineal

ماتريلينيال (Jawi)


fon

Borrowed from English phone, from Ancient Greek φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound”).


akar

ms-noun

akar (Jawi spelling اکر, plural akar-akar)

From Proto-Malayic *akar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wakaʀ.

(linguistic morphology) root (the primary lexical unit of a word)


ras

Borrowed from English race, from Middle English race, partially from Old English rǣs (“a race, swift or violent running, rush, onset”), from Proto-West Germanic *rās; and partially from Old Norse rás (“a running, race”); both from Proto-Germanic *rēsō (“a course”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁s- (“to flow, rush”).

der

Etymology 1, alternatively, English-based

ras Cina


kata penghubung

ms-noun

kata penghubung (plural kata-kata penghubung)


abjad

abjad (Jawi spelling ابجد, plural abjad-abjad)

Indonesian: abjad

(linguistics) A writing system where all the letters only represents consonants.


bota

bota (Jawi spelling بوتا, plural bota-bota)

بوتا (Jawi)
bota-bota (plural)
buta (alternative)

> Indonesian: bota (inherited)


rasi

rasi (Jawi spelling راسي, plural rasi-rasi)

راسي (Jawi)
rasi-rasi (plural)
raksi (alternative)

From Sanskrit राशि (rāśi), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *rāśíṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *rāćíš, from *rać- (“to bind, tie”).

(astrology) a sign of the zodiac (as being a certain sum or quantity of degrees), one-twelfth part of the ecliptic, an astrological house


ayat

ayat (Jawi spelling ايات, plural ayat-ayat)

Indonesian: ayat


morfem

morfem (Jawi spelling مورفيم, plural morfem-morfem)


aktif

Borrowed from English active, from Middle English actyf, from Old French actif, from Latin activus, from agere (“to do, to act”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti.

(grammar, linguistics) Being in the passive voice.


autisme

اءوتيسمى (Jawi)

Borrowed from English autism, from German Autismus.


absolutisme

ابسولوتيسمى (Jawi)

(political science, sociology) absolutism.


jadi

head

jadi (Jawi spelling جادي, used in the form menjadi)

Indonesian: jadi

→ Tagalog: yari ?

Unknown
* From Sanskrit जाति (jāti, “birth”). Doublet of jati and jelata.
* Or probably cognate with Old Javanese dadi (“to become”) (compare Javanese ꦢꦢꦶ (dadi)).
* From Proto-Malayic *ɟadi. Cognate with Malagasy zary.

menjadikan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dijadikan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

menjadi-jadi [reduplication + agent focus]

Beri saya wang, jadi saya dapat membeli sebuah buku komik

Dia mahukan sebuah buku, jadi dia pergi ke perpustakaan

He wanted a book, so he went to the library

(grammar) so (in order that, for that reason)


relativisme

ريلاتيۏيسمى (Jawi)

(philosophy) The theory, especially in ethics or aesthetics, that conceptions of truth and moral values are not absolute but are relative to the persons or groups holding them; relativism.


sadisme

ms-noun

sadisme (Jawi spelling ساديسمى, plural sadisme-sadisme)


kelas

From English class, from Middle French classe, from Latin classis.

(sociology) a social grouping, based on job, wealth, etc.


aksen

aksen (Jawi spelling اکسين, plural aksen-aksen)

From English accent, from Middle English accent, from Medieval Latin accentus and Old French accent, acent, both from Latin accentus, past participle of accinō (“sing to, sing along”).

(linguistics) A higher-pitched or stronger (louder or longer) articulation of a particular syllable of a word or phrase in order to distinguish it from the others or to emphasize it.

aksen Malaysia

(linguistics) Manner of pronouncing a language.

Accent:
Manner of pronouncing a language.


pasif

Borrowed from English passive (“passive”), from Middle English passyf, passyve, from Middle French, French passif, from Latin passivus (“serving to express the suffering of an action; in late Latin literally capable of suffering or feeling”), from passus, past participle of pati (“to suffer”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *peh₁- (“to hurt”). By surface analysis, pas + -if.

der

Passive:
(grammar) Being in the passive voice.


imperatif

ايمڤيراتيف (Jawi)

(linguistics) an imperative; the form of a verb that expresses a command


unsur

ms-noun

unsur (Jawi spelling عنصور, plural unsur-unsur)

> Indonesian: unsur (inherited)

(grammar) a functional element of a phrase or clause.


diglosia

diglosia (Jawi spelling ديݢلوسيا, plural diglosia-diglosia)

ديݢلوسيا (Jawi)
diglosia-diglosia (plural)

(linguistics) Diglossia; the coexistence in a given population of two closely related native languages or dialects, one of which is regarded as more prestigious than the other; the similar coexistence of two unrelated languages.


maniak

maniak (Jawi spelling مانياک, plural maniak-maniak)


digraf

digraf (Jawi spelling ديݢرف, plural digraf-digraf)

(linguistics) A digraph; a pair of letters, especially a pair representing a single phoneme.


suku kata

Indonesian: suku kata

suku + kata. Literally: a quarter of a word


kelainan

kelainan (Jawi spelling کلاءينن, plural kelainan-kelainan)

کلاءينن (Jawi)
kelainan-kelainan (plural)

Indonesian: kelainan

(Indonesian)

(linguistics) one of a set of words or other linguistic forms that conveys the same meaning or serves the same function.


ortografi

اورتوݢرافي (Jawi)


perkataan

perkataan (Jawi spelling ڤرکاتاءن, plural perkataan-perkataan)

ڤرکاتاءن (Jawi)
perkataan-perkataan (plural)


penjodoh bilangan

penjodoh bilangan (plural penjodoh-penjodoh bilangan)

Compound of penjodoh (“one that matches”) + bilangan (“number”).


kata hubung

Indonesian: kata hubung


kata nama khas

ms-noun

kata nama khas (plural kata-kata nama khas)


jembalang

jembalang (Jawi spelling جمبالڠ, plural jembalang-jembalang)

جمبالڠ (Jawi)
jembalang-jembalang (plural)

(mythology, folklore) an earth-bound monster said to inhabit the forests


hikayat

hikayat (Jawi spelling حکايت, plural hikayat-hikayat)

> Indonesian: hikayat (inherited)

Borrowed from Classical Persian حکایت (hikāyat), from Arabic حِكَايَة (ḥikāya, “story”).

bor+

(mythology, fiction) saga (a long, ancient tale (or series of tales) written in prose)

(historiography) history, chronicle, biography


bahasa pasar

Compound of bahasa (“language”) + pasar (“market”).

com+

Pidgin or trade language Malay that arose from contact between Malays and non-Malays.


sosialisasi

سوسياليساسي (Jawi)

Borrowed from Indonesian sosialisasi, from Dutch socialisatie, from French socialisation. By surface analysis, sosial + -isasi.

(sociology, psychology) The process of learning how to live in a way acceptable to one's own society, said especially about children.


asimilasi

ms-noun

asimilasi (Jawi spelling اسيميلاسي, plural asimilasi-asimilasi)

اسيميلاسي (Jawi)
asimilasi-asimilasi (plural)

Borrowed from Indonesian asimilasi (“assimilation”).

bor+

(linguistics) A sound change process by which the phonetics of a speech segment becomes more like that of another segment in a word (or at a word boundary), so that a change of phoneme occurs.

(sociology) The adoption, by a minority group, of the customs and attitudes of the dominant culture.


naskhah

ms-noun

naskhah (Jawi spelling نسخه, plural naskhah-naskhah)

(history, literature) manuscript (a hand written book or document)


produktif

ڤرودوکتيف (Jawi)

From English productive, from Late Latin productivus.

(linguistics, of an affix or word construction rule) productive (consistently applicable to any of an open set of words)


egotisme

egotisme (Jawi spelling ايݢوتيسمى, plural egotisme-egotisme)

ايݢوتيسمى (Jawi)
egotisme-egotisme (plural)


hipokondria

hipokondria (Jawi spelling هيڤوکوندريا, plural hipokondria-hipokondria)

هيڤوکوندريا (Jawi)
hipokondria-hipokondria (plural)


gabenor jeneral

governor general
governor general#English


inderaloka

Indonesian: indraloka

Borrowed from Sanskrit इन्द्रलोक (indraloka).

bor+

(Hinduism, mythology) Indra's abode, paradise


gangguan spektrum autisme

ms-noun

gangguan spéktrum autisme (plural gangguan-gangguan spektrum autisme)

gangguan spéktrum autisme (canonical)
gangguan-gangguan spektrum autisme (plural)

autism spectrum disorder
autism spectrum disorder


anziolitik

anziolitik-anziolitik (plural)
ansiolitik (alternative)

Internationalism, borrowed from English anxiolytic.

(pharmacology, psychiatry) anxiolytic: a drug prescribed for the treatment of symptoms of anxiety.


pejorasi

ڤيجوراسي (Jawi)

(linguistics) The process by which a word acquires a more negative meaning over time; pejoration or pejorativization.


pragmatik

(linguistics, translation studies) The study of the use of language in a social context; pragmatics.


kefahaman menyaling

کفهمن مڽاليڠ

kefahaman menyaling (Jawi spelling کفهمن مڽاليڠ)

کفهمن مڽاليڠ (Jawi)
kesalingpahaman (alternative)


taifah

taifah (Jawi spelling طائفة, plural taifah-taifah)

(sociology) An offshoot of a larger religion or denomination; a sect.


bunyi labial

head

bunyi labial (also used in the form labial)

(linguistics, phonetics) A labial sound.


kependekan

ms-noun

kependekan (Jawi spelling کڤينديقن, plural kependekan-kependekan)

کڤينديقن (Jawi)
kependekan-kependekan (plural)

'PC' ialah kependekan bagi 'personal computer'.

'PC' is an abbreviation for 'personal computer'.


ameliorasi

اميليوراسي (Jawi)

Borrowed from English amelioration, from Middle English amelioracioun, from Middle French amelioracion.

(linguistics) The process by which a term gains a more positive connotation over time; amelioration.


siling kaca

Compound of siling (“ceiling”) + kaca (“glass”). Literally, “glass ceiling”. Calque of English glass ceiling.

com+

Ada pihak beranggapan metafora siling kaca tidak lagi relevan pada masa kini.

2019 February 23, Dr Zafir Khan Mohamed Makhbul, “Perlukah siling kaca?”, in Sinar Harian, archived from the original on 2019-02-23:

Some believe that the metaphor of the glass ceiling is no longer relevant today.

Enam pemimpin wanita menerima Anugerah Pemimpin Wanita Tan Sri Datuk Napsiah Omar yang pertama daripada Institut Pengurusan Wanita (WIM) malam tadi kerana berjaya mengatasi fenomena siling kaca dan mendapat pengiktirafan dalam pelbagai bidang kerjaya dan kepakaran.

2022 May 17, Bernama, “Enam terima Anugerah Pemimpin Wanita Tan Sri Datuk Napsiah Omar”, in Astro Awani, archived from the original on 2022-05-16:

Six female leaders received the first Tan Sri Datuk Napsiah Omar Women's Leadership Award from the Women's Management Institute (WIM) last night for successfully overcoming the glass ceiling phenomenon and gaining recognition in various career fields and expertise.

Stereotaip jantina juga lazim terjadi, dan wanita sering menghadapi siling kaca di tempat kerja yang didominasi lelaki.

2024 October 27, Atriza Umar, “KOLUM Cabaran kepimpinan wanita”, in malaysiakini, archived from the original on 2024-10-28:

Gender stereotypes are also prevalent, and women often face a glass ceiling in male-dominated workplaces.