terjemahan mesin

ترجمهن ميسين

terjemahan mesin (Jawi spelling ترجمهن ميسين, informal 1st possessive terjemahan mesinku, 2nd possessive terjemahan mesinmu, 3rd possessive terjemahan mesinnya)

ترجمهن ميسين (Jawi)
terjemahan mesin ku (first-person informal possessive)
terjemahan mesin mu (possessive second-person)
terjemahan mesin nya (possessive third-person)


besar

ms-noun

besar (Jawi spelling بسر, plural besar-besar, informal 1st possessive besarku, 2nd possessive besarmu, 3rd possessive besarnya)

بسر (Jawi)
besar-besar (plural)
besarku (first-person informal possessive)
besarmu (possessive second-person)
besarnya (possessive third-person)

Buginese: wessa

Iban: besai

Indonesian: besar

Old Javanese: besar

Mandar: bassar

Maranao: besar

Ngaju: basar

Besar rumah ni hampir 900 kaki persegi.

The area of this house is close to 900 square feet.


kos

kos (Jawi spelling کوس, plural kos-kos, informal 1st possessive kosku, 2nd possessive kosmu, 3rd possessive kosnya)

کوس (Jawi)
kos-kos (plural)
kosku (first-person informal possessive)
kosmu (possessive second-person)
kosnya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch kost, from Middle Dutch cost, from Old French cost, from Latin constare, present infinitive of consto (“I stand firm (at a price)”).


dolar

Borrowed from English dollar, from early Dutch daler, daalder, from German Taler, Thaler (“dollar”), from Sankt Joachimsthaler, literally “of Joachimstal”, the name for coins minted in German Sankt Joachimsthal (“St. Joachim's Valley”) (now Jáchymov, Czech Republic). Ultimately from Joachim + Tal (“valley”).

cog

The currency of the United States, Australia and other countries.

Dollar (unit of currency):
The Bruneian or Singaporean dollar.


ayak

ms-noun

ayak (Jawi spelling ايق, plural ayak-ayak, informal 1st possessive ayakku, 2nd possessive ayakmu, 3rd possessive ayaknya)

ايق (Jawi)
ayak-ayak (plural)
ayakku (first-person informal possessive)
ayakmu (possessive second-person)
ayaknya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ayak, or alternatively from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qayag.


peri

peri (Jawi spelling ڤري, plural peri-peri, informal 1st possessive periku, 2nd possessive perimu, 3rd possessive perinya)

ڤري (Jawi)
peri-peri (plural)
periku (first-person informal possessive)
perimu (possessive second-person)
perinya (possessive third-person)

From Sanskrit परि (pari, “about”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *pári, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pári, from Proto-Indo-European *péri. Doublet of peri-.
* The word sense is related to Sanskrit परिभाषा (paribhāṣā, “definition”)

der

About, concerning; with regard to; on account of; on the subject of; to affect.


peri

Indonesian: peri


peri

Indonesian: peri

From Persian پری (pari, “fairy”), from Middle Persian plyk' (parīg, “witch”).


alat

ms-noun

alat (Jawi spelling الت, plural alat-alat, informal 1st possessive alatku, 2nd possessive alatmu, 3rd possessive alatnya)

الت (Jawi)
alat-alat (plural)
alatku (first-person informal possessive)
alatmu (possessive second-person)
alatnya (possessive third-person)


hahnium

(chemistry, obsolete) dubnium (chemical element)


api

api (Jawi spelling اڤي, informal 1st possessive apiku, 2nd possessive apimu, 3rd possessive apinya)

اڤي (Jawi)
apiku (first-person informal possessive)
apimu (possessive second-person)
apinya (possessive third-person)

Ambonese Malay: api

Indonesian: api

Etymology tree
Proto-Malayo-Chamic *apuy
Proto-Malayic *api
Malay api
From Proto-Malayic *api, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *apuy, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *apuy, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapuy, from Proto-Austronesian *Sapuy.


rasa

ms-noun

rasa (Jawi spelling راس, plural rasa-rasa, informal 1st possessive rasaku, 2nd possessive rasamu, 3rd possessive rasanya)

راس (Jawi)
rasa-rasa (plural)
rasaku (first-person informal possessive)
rasamu (possessive second-person)
rasanya (possessive third-person)

From Sanskrit रस (rasa) or Pali rasa. Cognate with Thai รส (rót), Lao ລົດ (lot), Lü ᦷᦟᧆ (lod) or ᦷᦟᧆᦉ (lodṡ), Burmese ရသ (ra.sa.), Khmer រស (rŭəh).

rasa manis

rasa panas

pada rasa saya


rasa

rasa (plural rasa-rasa, informal 1st possessive rasaku, 2nd possessive rasamu, 3rd possessive rasanya)

rasa-rasa (plural)
rasaku (first-person informal possessive)
rasamu (possessive second-person)
rasanya (possessive third-person)

Alternative form of raksa (“quicksilver”)


pagar

pagar (Jawi spelling ڤاݢر, plural pagar-pagar, informal 1st possessive pagarku, 2nd possessive pagarmu, 3rd possessive pagarnya)

ڤاݢر (Jawi)
pagar-pagar (plural)
pagarku (first-person informal possessive)
pagarmu (possessive second-person)
pagarnya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pager (“enclosure; palisade around a village; fence around a planted tree or cultivated field”).

inh

Pagar besi


parang

ms-noun

parang (Jawi spelling ڤارڠ, plural parang-parang, informal 1st possessive parangku, 2nd possessive parangmu, 3rd possessive parangnya)

ڤارڠ (Jawi)
parang-parang (plural)
parangku (first-person informal possessive)
parangmu (possessive second-person)
parangnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: parang

→ English: parang

→ Macanese: parám

→ Tagalog: paláng

a short, heavy, straight-edged knife or machete


damar

damar (Jawi spelling دامر, plural damar-damar, informal 1st possessive damarku, 2nd possessive damarmu, 3rd possessive damarnya)

دامر (Jawi)
damar-damar (plural)
damarku (first-person informal possessive)
damarmu (possessive second-person)
damarnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: damar

→ Dutch: dammer

→ English: dammer, dammar, damar

From Proto-Malayic *damar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *damaʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *damaʀ.

mendamari [agent focus + causative benefactive]


resit

resit (Jawi spelling رسيت, plural resit-resit, informal 1st possessive resitku, 2nd possessive resitmu, 3rd possessive resitnya)

رسيت (Jawi)
resit-resit (plural)
resitku (first-person informal possessive)
resitmu (possessive second-person)
resitnya (possessive third-person)

receipt (written acknowledgment that a specified article or sum of money has been received)


rak

rak (Jawi spelling رق, plural rak-rak, informal 1st possessive rakku, 2nd possessive rakmu, 3rd possessive raknya)

رق (Jawi)
rak-rak (plural)
rakku (first-person informal possessive)
rakmu (possessive second-person)
raknya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: rak


rak

Indonesian: rak

(onomatopoeia) The sound of a pen being dragged across a paper.

(onomatopoeia) The sound of wood breaking and other similar things.


kor

kor (informal 1st possessive korku, 2nd possessive kormu, 3rd possessive kornya)

korku (first-person informal possessive)
kormu (possessive second-person)
kornya (possessive third-person)

From English corps, from French corps d’armée (literally “army body”), from Latin corpus (“body”).

der

Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian


tanda

ms-noun

tanda (Jawi spelling تندا, plural tanda-tanda, informal 1st possessive tandaku, 2nd possessive tandamu, 3rd possessive tandanya)

تندا (Jawi)
tanda-tanda (plural)
tandaku (first-person informal possessive)
tandamu (possessive second-person)
tandanya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: tanda

→ Iban: tanda

→ Tagalog: tanda

→ Tausug: tanda'

menandakan [agent focus + causative benefactive]


hari

hari (Jawi spelling هاري, plural hari-hari, informal 1st possessive hariku, 2nd possessive harimu, 3rd possessive harinya)

هاري (Jawi)
hari-hari (plural)
hariku (first-person informal possessive)
harimu (possessive second-person)
harinya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: hari

From Proto-Malayic *ari, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *waʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *waʀi. According to Adelaar (1992), the intrusive h- was added to prevent vowel clusters in words such as *mata ari > matahari "sun".

day (period from midnight to the following midnight)

day (part of a day period which one spends at one’s job, school, etc.)


busa

busa (plural busa-busa, informal 1st possessive busaku, 2nd possessive busamu, 3rd possessive busanya)

busa-busa (plural)
busaku (first-person informal possessive)
busamu (possessive second-person)
busanya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic (compare Indonesian busa), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian (compare Fijian vuso).


akar

akar (Jawi spelling اکر, plural akar-akar, informal 1st possessive akarku, 2nd possessive akarmu, 3rd possessive akarnya)

اکر (Jawi)
akar-akar (plural)
akarku (first-person informal possessive)
akarmu (possessive second-person)
akarnya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *akar, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *akar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(w)akaʀ.

a root, a part of a plant that generally grow underground to absorbs water and nutrients.

(of tooth) the part of a tooth that extending into the bone holding the tooth in place.

(of hair) the part of a hair under the skin that holds the hair in place.

(Indonesia, arithmetic) of a number or expression, a number which, when raised to a specified power, yields the specified number or expression.

(linguistic morphology) the primary lexical unit of a word, which carries the most significant aspects of semantic content and cannot be reduced into smaller constituents. See akar kata.


ipar

ipar (plural ipar-ipar, informal 1st possessive iparku, 2nd possessive iparmu, 3rd possessive iparnya)

ipar-ipar (plural)
iparku (first-person informal possessive)
iparmu (possessive second-person)
iparnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: ipar

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *ipar (“in-law”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hipaʀ.


paras

ms-noun

paras (Jawi spelling ڤارس, plural paras-paras, informal 1st possessive parasku, 2nd possessive parasmu, 3rd possessive parasnya)

ڤارس (Jawi)
paras-paras (plural)
parasku (first-person informal possessive)
parasmu (possessive second-person)
parasnya (possessive third-person)

level (distance relative to a given reference elevation)


kanta

kanta (Jawi spelling کنتا, plural kanta-kanta, informal 1st possessive kantaku, 2nd possessive kantamu, 3rd possessive kantanya)

کنتا (Jawi)
kanta-kanta (plural)
kantaku (first-person informal possessive)
kantamu (possessive second-person)
kantanya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: kanta

Borrowed from Sanskrit कान्त (kānta, “stone”).


magis

Borrowed from Indonesian magis, from Dutch magisch. Doublet of Majusi.
* The noun sense is a semantic loan from English magic.


poros

ms-noun

poros (Jawi spelling ڤوروس, plural poros-poros, informal 1st possessive porosku, 2nd possessive porosmu, 3rd possessive porosnya)

ڤوروس (Jawi)
poros-poros (plural)
porosku (first-person informal possessive)
porosmu (possessive second-person)
porosnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: poros


seni

seni (Jawi spelling سني, plural seni-seni, informal 1st possessive seniku, 2nd possessive senimu, 3rd possessive seninya)

سني (Jawi)
seni-seni (plural)
seniku (first-person informal possessive)
senimu (possessive second-person)
seninya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: sêni

Attested in 1921, in Sri Poestaka magazine, volume 11, in article: Djalan baroe oentoek kepandaian seni (kunst)


armada

ارمادا (Jawi)

Indonesian: armada

From Portuguese armada, from Medieval Latin armāta, from the feminine past participle of Latin armō, from arma.


hak

hak (Jawi spelling حق, plural hak-hak, informal 1st possessive hakku, 2nd possessive hakmu, 3rd possessive haknya)

حق (Jawi)
hak-hak (plural)
hakku (first-person informal possessive)
hakmu (possessive second-person)
haknya (possessive third-person)

right: that which complies with justice, law or reason; a legal, just or moral entitlement.


mak

mak (Jawi spelling مق, plural mak-mak, informal 1st possessive makku, 2nd possessive makmu, 3rd possessive maknya)

مق (Jawi)
mak-mak (plural)
makku (first-person informal possessive)
makmu (possessive second-person)
maknya (possessive third-person)

Shortened form of emak, from Proto-Malayic *əma-ʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əma-ʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əma-ʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əma-ʔ, from *əma.


pai

pai (Jawi spelling ڤاي, plural pai-pai, informal 1st possessive paiku, 2nd possessive paimu, 3rd possessive painya)

ڤاي (Jawi)
pai-pai (plural)
paiku (first-person informal possessive)
paimu (possessive second-person)
painya (possessive third-person)


kitab

kitab (Jawi spelling کتاب, plural kitab-kitab, informal 1st possessive kitabku, 2nd possessive kitabmu, 3rd possessive kitabnya)

کتاب (Jawi)
kitab-kitab (plural)
kitabku (first-person informal possessive)
kitabmu (possessive second-person)
kitabnya (possessive third-person)

→ Indonesian: kitab

→ Maranao: kitab

From Arabic كِتَاب (kitāb, “book”), from the root ك ت ب (k t b), related to writing.

book (collection of sheets of paper bound together containing printed or written material)


sabun

sabun (Jawi spelling سابون, plural sabun-sabun, informal 1st possessive sabunku, 2nd possessive sabunmu, 3rd possessive sabunnya)

سابون (Jawi)
sabun-sabun (plural)
sabunku (first-person informal possessive)
sabunmu (possessive second-person)
sabunnya (possessive third-person)

Iban: sabun

Indonesian: sabun

→ Balinese: ᬲᬩᬸᬦ᭄ (sabun)

→ Lun Bawang: sabun

→ Makasar: sabung

→ Dhuwal: jaabu

→ Hainanese: 差文

desctree

→? Hokkien: 雪文 (sap-bûn)
→ Amis: safon
→ Kavalan: sabun
→ Puyuma: sabun
→ Tsou: savungu

→ Sundanese: sabun

→ Teochew: 雪文 (sab⁴ bhung⁵)

→ Hakka: 雪文 (Singkawang, Bangkok Jiexi Hakka)

Possibly from Arabic صَابُون (ṣābūn) or Persian صابون (sâbun) or Portuguese sabão or Spanish jabón, all ultimately from Latin sapō.

bor

Arabic صَابُون (ṣābūn)


jala

ms-noun

jala (Jawi spelling جالا, plural jala-jala, informal 1st possessive jalaku, 2nd possessive jalamu, 3rd possessive jalanya)

جالا (Jawi)
jala-jala (plural)
jalaku (first-person informal possessive)
jalamu (possessive second-person)
jalanya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: jala

→ Pattani Malay: ยาลอ (jalɔ) (learned)

→? Rade: jal

→ Tagalog: dala

→ Thai: ยะลา (yá-laa)

→ Urak Lawoi': ยฺาลา (jala) (learned)


wolfram

wolfram (Jawi spelling وولفرم, plural wolfram-wolfram, informal 1st possessive wolframku, 2nd possessive wolframmu, 3rd possessive wolframnya)

وولفرم (Jawi)
wolfram-wolfram (plural)
wolframku (first-person informal possessive)
wolframmu (possessive second-person)
wolframnya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from English wolfram, from German Wolfram.


ras

ras (Jawi spelling رس, plural ras-ras, informal 1st possessive rasku, 2nd possessive rasmu, 3rd possessive rasnya)

رس (Jawi)
ras-ras (plural)
rasku (first-person informal possessive)
rasmu (possessive second-person)
rasnya (possessive third-person)

ras Cina


ras

ras (Jawi spelling رس, informal 1st possessive rasku, 2nd possessive rasmu, 3rd possessive rasnya)

رس (Jawi)
rasku (first-person informal possessive)
rasmu (possessive second-person)
rasnya (possessive third-person)


ras

The reins used by a horse rider to guide a horse.


utan

From Proto-Malayic *hutan, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *hutan, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *hutan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qutan (compare Maori uta), from Proto-Austronesian *quCaN.


koruna

koruna (Jawi spelling کورونا, plural koruna-koruna, informal 1st possessive korunaku, 2nd possessive korunamu, 3rd possessive korunanya)

کورونا (Jawi)
koruna-koruna (plural)
korunaku (first-person informal possessive)
korunamu (possessive second-person)
korunanya (possessive third-person)


sagu

sagu (Jawi spelling ساݢو, plural sagu-sagu, informal 1st possessive saguku, 2nd possessive sagumu, 3rd possessive sagunya)

ساݢو (Jawi)
sagu-sagu (plural)
saguku (first-person informal possessive)
sagumu (possessive second-person)
sagunya (possessive third-person)

desc

→ Arabic: سَاغُو (sāḡū)

→ Arabic: سَاغُو (sāḡū)

→ Armenian: սագո (sago)

→ Burmese: သာဂူ (sagu)

→ Czech: ságo

→ Danish: sago

→ Dutch: sago

→ English: sago

→ Finnish: saago

→ French: sagou

→ German: Sago

→ Hungarian: szágó

Indonesian: sagu

→ Italian: sagù

→ Japanese: サゴ (sago)

→ Norwegian: sago

→ Persian: ساگو

→ Polish: sago

→ Portuguese: sagu

Hunsrik: Sagu

→ Russian: са́го (ságo)

→ Spanish: sagú

→ Swedish: sago

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sagu (“processed sago, prepared starch from the sago palm”). Cognate with Javanese sagu and Tagalog sago.

inh

sago (a powdered starch obtained from certain palms used as a food thickener)


siku

ms-noun

siku (Jawi spelling سيکو, plural siku-siku, informal 1st possessive sikuku, 2nd possessive sikumu, 3rd possessive sikunya)

سيکو (Jawi)
siku-siku (plural)
sikuku (first-person informal possessive)
sikumu (possessive second-person)
sikunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: siku

From Proto-Malayic *siku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *siku, from Proto-Austronesian *sikux (“elbow”).


urin

urin (Jawi spelling اورين, plural urin-urin, informal 1st possessive urinku, 2nd possessive urinmu, 3rd possessive urinnya)

اورين (Jawi)
urin-urin (plural)
urinku (first-person informal possessive)
urinmu (possessive second-person)
urinnya (possessive third-person)

From Latin ūrīna (“urine”), from Proto-Indo-European *uh₁r-, zero grade of *weh₁r- (“water, liquid, milk”).


emel

emél (Jawi spelling ايميل, plural emel-emel, informal 1st possessive emelku, 2nd possessive emelmu, 3rd possessive emelnya)

emél (canonical)
ايميل (Jawi)
emel-emel (plural)
emelku (first-person informal possessive)
emelmu (possessive second-person)
emelnya (possessive third-person)


tuk

tuk (Jawi spelling توق, informal 1st possessive tukku, 2nd possessive tukmu, 3rd possessive tuknya)

توق (Jawi)
tukku (first-person informal possessive)
tukmu (possessive second-person)
tuknya (possessive third-person)


capa

capa (Jawi spelling چاڤ, plural capa-capa, informal 1st possessive capaku, 2nd possessive capamu, 3rd possessive capanya)

چاڤ (Jawi)
capa-capa (plural)
capaku (first-person informal possessive)
capamu (possessive second-person)
capanya (possessive third-person)


ru

ru (Jawi spelling رو, plural ru-ru, informal 1st possessive ruku, 2nd possessive rumu, 3rd possessive runya)

رو (Jawi)
ru-ru (plural)
ruku (first-person informal possessive)
rumu (possessive second-person)
runya (possessive third-person)


berek

bérék (Jawi spelling بيريک, plural berek-berek, informal 1st possessive berekku, 2nd possessive berekmu, 3rd possessive bereknya)

bérék (canonical)
بيريک (Jawi)
berek-berek (plural)
berekku (first-person informal possessive)
berekmu (possessive second-person)
bereknya (possessive third-person)


bakal

Probably from Old Javanese bakal (“future, prospective”).

bor

bakal suami

Something or somebody that may be suitable or will be something; a candidate.


kapal

ms-noun

kapal (Jawi spelling کاڤل, plural kapal-kapal, informal 1st possessive kapalku, 2nd possessive kapalmu, 3rd possessive kapalnya)

کاڤل (Jawi)
kapal-kapal (plural)
kapalku (first-person informal possessive)
kapalmu (possessive second-person)
kapalnya (possessive third-person)

Ambonese Malay: kapal

Indonesian: kapal

→ Balinese: ᬓᬧᬮ᭄ (kapal)

→ Alor: kapal

→ Balinese: ᬓᬧᬮ᭄ (kapal)

→ Buginese: ᨀᨄᨒ (kappala')

→ Chinese: 甲板 (jiǎbǎn)

→ English: kappal, capel, kapal

→ Javanese: ꦏꦥꦭ꧀ (kapal)

→ Khmer: កប៉ាល់ (kaʼpal)

→ Maguindanao: kapal

→ Maranao: kapal

→ Sundanese: ᮊᮕᮜ᮪ (kapal)

→ Tboli: kafal

→ Tausug: kappal

→ Thai: กำปั่น (gam-bpàn)

→ Lao: ກຳປັ່ນ (kam pan)

→ Khmer: កងព័ន្ធ (kɑɑngpŏənthɔɔ) (possibly)

From Tamil கப்பல் (kappal, “ship, sailing vessel”).

bor

Kapal satu, nakhoda dua

saying about two lovers fighting in rivalry over a girl (lit. 'a ship with two captains')

(chiefly in combination) Any vessel travelling through any medium other than across land, such as an airship or spaceship.


kapal

ms-noun

kapal (plural kapal-kapal, informal 1st possessive kapalku, 2nd possessive kapalmu, 3rd possessive kapalnya)

kapal-kapal (plural)
kapalku (first-person informal possessive)
kapalmu (possessive second-person)
kapalnya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kapal (“thick, as a plank”). Compare to Tagalog kapal (“thick”).


kaya

ms-noun

kaya (Jawi spelling کاي or کايا, informal 1st possessive kayaku, 2nd possessive kayamu, 3rd possessive kayanya)

کاي (Jawi)
کايا (Jawi)
kayaku (first-person informal possessive)
kayamu (possessive second-person)
kayanya (possessive third-person)

→ English: kaya

desctree

→ Thai: สังขยา (sǎng-kà-yǎa)
→ Khmer: សង់ខ្យា (sɑngkhyaa)
→ Lao: ສັງຂຍາ (sang kha nyā)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaya, from Proto-Austronesian *kaya (“able, capable, strong, wealthy”). Compare Kapampangan kaya and Tagalog kaya (especially Tagalog may-kaya).

inh

Seri kaya, a custard sweet spread made from a base of coconut milk, eggs and sugar.


rusa

ms-noun

rusa (Jawi spelling روسا, plural rusa-rusa, informal 1st possessive rusaku, 2nd possessive rusamu, 3rd possessive rusanya)

روسا (Jawi)
rusa-rusa (plural)
rusaku (first-person informal possessive)
rusamu (possessive second-person)
rusanya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: rusa

→ English: Rusa

From Proto-Malayic *rusaʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uʀsa. Akin to Tagalog usa.


biri

biri (Jawi spelling بيري, plural biri-biri, informal 1st possessive biriku, 2nd possessive birimu, 3rd possessive birinya)

بيري (Jawi)
biri-biri (plural)
biriku (first-person informal possessive)
birimu (possessive second-person)
birinya (possessive third-person)


denda

denda (Jawi spelling دندا, plural denda-denda, informal 1st possessive dendaku, 2nd possessive dendamu, 3rd possessive dendanya)

دندا (Jawi)
denda-denda (plural)
dendaku (first-person informal possessive)
dendamu (possessive second-person)
dendanya (possessive third-person)

From Sanskrit दंड (daṃḍa) ("punishment, penalty").


malu

malu (Jawi spelling مالو, plural malu-malu, informal 1st possessive maluku, 2nd possessive malumu, 3rd possessive malunya)

مالو (Jawi)
malu-malu (plural)
maluku (first-person informal possessive)
malumu (possessive second-person)
malunya (possessive third-person)

Mimosa pudica
Mimosa pudica#Translingual


topi

topi (Jawi spelling توڤي, plural topi-topi, informal 1st possessive topiku, 2nd possessive topimu, 3rd possessive topinya)

توڤي (Jawi)
topi-topi (plural)
topiku (first-person informal possessive)
topimu (possessive second-person)
topinya (possessive third-person)

> Indonesian: topi (inherited)

→ Javanese: ꦠꦺꦴꦥꦶ (topi)

Borrowed from Tamil தொப்பி (toppi), from Hindi टोपी (ṭopī).


lif

lif (plural lif-lif, informal 1st possessive lifku, 2nd possessive lifmu, 3rd possessive lifnya)

lif-lif (plural)
lifku (first-person informal possessive)
lifmu (possessive second-person)
lifnya (possessive third-person)


warga

warga (Jawi spelling ورݢ, plural warga-warga, informal 1st possessive wargaku, 2nd possessive wargamu, 3rd possessive warganya)

ورݢ (Jawi)
warga-warga (plural)
wargaku (first-person informal possessive)
wargamu (possessive second-person)
warganya (possessive third-person)

> Indonesian: warga (inherited)


guna

guna (Jawi spelling ݢونا, plural guna-guna, informal 1st possessive gunaku, 2nd possessive gunamu, 3rd possessive gunanya)

ݢونا (Jawi)
guna-guna (plural)
gunaku (first-person informal possessive)
gunamu (possessive second-person)
gunanya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: guna


asal

asal (Jawi spelling اصل, plural asal-usul, informal 1st possessive asalku, 2nd possessive asalmu, 3rd possessive asalnya)

اصل (Jawi)
asal-usul (plural)
asalku (first-person informal possessive)
asalmu (possessive second-person)
asalnya (possessive third-person)

Etymology tree
Arabic أَصْل (ʔaṣl)bor.
Malay asal
Borrowed from Arabic أَصْل (ʔaṣl). doublet of asli. Sense of interrogation extended from conjunction with overlap from elision of apa pasal or apasal from apa (“what”) + pasal (“cause, subject”).

etymon

Asal kau makan makanan aku?


rupa

ms-noun

rupa (Jawi spelling روڤا, plural rupa-rupa, informal 1st possessive rupaku, 2nd possessive rupamu, 3rd possessive rupanya)

روڤا (Jawi)
rupa-rupa (plural)
rupaku (first-person informal possessive)
rupamu (possessive second-person)
rupanya (possessive third-person)

First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684AD. From Sanskrit रूप (rūpa).


taman

taman (Jawi spelling تامن, plural taman-taman, informal 1st possessive tamanku, 2nd possessive tamanmu, 3rd possessive tamannya)

تامن (Jawi)
taman-taman (plural)
tamanku (first-person informal possessive)
tamanmu (possessive second-person)
tamannya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: taman

Possibly from Classical Persian چمن (čaman, “lawn, meadow, orchard”).


kertas

ms-noun

kertas (Jawi spelling کرتس, plural kertas-kertas, informal 1st possessive kertasku, 2nd possessive kertasmu, 3rd possessive kertasnya)

کرتس (Jawi)
kertas-kertas (plural)
kertasku (first-person informal possessive)
kertasmu (possessive second-person)
kertasnya (possessive third-person)

> Indonesian: kertas (inherited)

→ Javanese: ꦏꦼꦂꦠꦱ꧀ (kertas)

→ Khmer: ក្រដាស (krɑɑdaah)

→ Tausug: kātas

→ Ternate: kartas

From Arabic قِرْطَاس (qirṭās), ultimately from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs). Doublet of carta and kad.
* Semantic loan from English paper for a set of examination questions.

A sheet material used for writing on or printing on (or as a non-waterproof container), usually made by draining cellulose fibres from a suspension in water.

(Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, education) A set of examination questions to be answered at one session.


kata kerja

kata kerja (plural kata-kata kerja, informal 1st possessive kata kerjaku, 2nd possessive kata kerjamu, 3rd possessive kata kerjanya)

kata-kata kerja (plural)
kata kerja ku (first-person informal possessive)
kata kerja mu (possessive second-person)
kata kerja nya (possessive third-person)


contoh

contoh (Jawi spelling چونتوه, plural contoh-contoh, informal 1st possessive contohku, 2nd possessive contohmu, 3rd possessive contohnya)

چونتوه (Jawi)
contoh-contoh (plural)
contohku (first-person informal possessive)
contohmu (possessive second-person)
contohnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: contoh

Peranakan Indonesian: tjonto

→ Javanese: conto

→ Minangkabau: conto, cinto

Derived from Tamil சௌத்து (cauttu, “pattern, sample, model”).

der+

(obsolete) sample, model, study for an artist to imitate


banyak

ms-noun

banyak (Jawi spelling باڽق, plural banyak-banyak, informal 1st possessive banyakku, 2nd possessive banyakmu, 3rd possessive banyaknya)

باڽق (Jawi)
banyak-banyak (plural)
banyakku (first-person informal possessive)
banyakmu (possessive second-person)
banyaknya (possessive third-person)

From Classical Malay [Term?].
First attested in the Kedukan Bukit inscription, 683 CE, as Old Malay [script needed] (vañak), found in the form vañakña (current spelling banyaknya).


udara

udara (Jawi spelling اودارا, plural udara-udara, informal 1st possessive udaraku, 2nd possessive udaramu, 3rd possessive udaranya)

اودارا (Jawi)
udara-udara (plural)
udaraku (first-person informal possessive)
udaramu (possessive second-person)
udaranya (possessive third-person)


kata penghubung

kata penghubung (plural kata-kata penghubung, informal 1st possessive kata penghubungku, 2nd possessive kata penghubungmu, 3rd possessive kata penghubungnya)

kata-kata penghubung (plural)
kata penghubung ku (first-person informal possessive)
kata penghubung mu (possessive second-person)
kata penghubung nya (possessive third-person)


kantor

kantor (Jawi spelling کنتور, plural kantor-kantor, informal 1st possessive kantorku, 2nd possessive kantormu, 3rd possessive kantornya)

کنتور (Jawi)
kantor-kantor (plural)
kantorku (first-person informal possessive)
kantormu (possessive second-person)
kantornya (possessive third-person)

→ Min Nan: 幹刀 /干刀 (kàn-to), 干多 (kan-to)

From Dutch kantoor. Doublet of komputer.

Bajarannja seperti dahoeloe, boleh Toean tarik wissel kepada Kantor Kompeni Ketjil di sini.

1919, Abraham Anthony Fokker, Kitap tjonto soerat-soerat Melajoe, page 250:

The payment is as usual, you can whistle the Small Company Office here.


polisi

polisi (Jawi spelling ڤوليسي, plural polisi-polisi, informal 1st possessive polisiku, 2nd possessive polisimu, 3rd possessive polisinya)

ڤوليسي (Jawi)
polisi-polisi (plural)
polisiku (first-person informal possessive)
polisimu (possessive second-person)
polisinya (possessive third-person)

From English policy, from Middle French policie, from Late Latin politia (“citizenship; government”), classical Latin polītīa (in Cicero), from Ancient Greek πολιτεία (politeía, “citizenship; polis, (city) state; government”), from πολίτης (polítēs, “citizen”).


polisi

ms-noun

polisi (plural polisi-polisi, informal 1st possessive polisiku, 2nd possessive polisimu, 3rd possessive polisinya)

polisi-polisi (plural)
polisiku (first-person informal possessive)
polisimu (possessive second-person)
polisinya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch politie (“police”), from Middle Dutch policie, from Middle French policie, from Latin politia (“state, government”), from Ancient Greek πολιτεία (politeía). Doublet of polis. First attested as politie in the Kitab Vortaro published in 1923.

(Indonesia: Riau) alternative spelling of polis (“police”)


adik

adik (Jawi spelling اديق, plural adik-adik, informal 1st possessive adikku, 2nd possessive adikmu, 3rd possessive adiknya)

اديق (Jawi)
adik-adik (plural)
adikku (first-person informal possessive)
adikmu (possessive second-person)
adiknya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: adik

From Proto-Malayic *adi-ʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *adi-ʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *wadi-ʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *huaji-q, from *huaji, from Proto-Austronesian *Suaji.

sibling ((younger) person who shares same parents)


ibu

ibu (Jawi spelling ايبو, plural ibu-ibu, informal 1st possessive ibuku, 2nd possessive ibumu, 3rd possessive ibunya)

ايبو (Jawi)
ibu-ibu (plural)
ibuku (first-person informal possessive)
ibumu (possessive second-person)
ibunya (possessive third-person)

> Indonesian: ibu (inherited)

→ Iban: ibu


makanan

makanan (Jawi spelling ماکنن, plural makanan-makanan, informal 1st possessive makananku, 2nd possessive makananmu, 3rd possessive makanannya)

ماکنن (Jawi)
makanan-makanan (plural)
makananku (first-person informal possessive)
makananmu (possessive second-person)
makanannya (possessive third-person)

Kawan saya membeli makanan di bawah blok nenek saya.

My friend bought food underneath my grandmother’s block.


sekolah

sekolah (Jawi spelling سکوله, plural sekolah-sekolah, informal 1st possessive sekolahku, 2nd possessive sekolahmu, 3rd possessive sekolahnya)

سکوله (Jawi)
sekolah-sekolah (plural)
sekolahku (first-person informal possessive)
sekolahmu (possessive second-person)
sekolahnya (possessive third-person)

desctree

Indonesian: sekolah
→ Ternate: skola, sikola

→ Iban: sekula

Sekolah saya berdekatan dengan sebuah pusat beli-belah.


kosa kata

ms-noun

kosa kata (plural kosa-kosa kata, informal 1st possessive kosa kataku, 2nd possessive kosa katamu, 3rd possessive kosa katanya)

kosa-kosa kata (plural)
kosa kata ku (first-person informal possessive)
kosa kata mu (possessive second-person)
kosa kata nya (possessive third-person)

From Sanskrit कोश (kóśa, “repository”) + kata (“word”).


mangga

mangga (Jawi spelling مڠݢ, plural mangga-mangga, informal 1st possessive manggaku, 2nd possessive manggamu, 3rd possessive mangganya)

مڠݢ (Jawi)
mangga-mangga (plural)
manggaku (first-person informal possessive)
manggamu (possessive second-person)
mangganya (possessive third-person)

> Indonesian: mangga (inherited)

→ Asi: mangga

→ Bikol Central: mangga

→ Brooke's Point Palawano: mangga

→ Cebuano: mangga

→ Central Dusun: mangga

i

→ Chinese: 芒果 (mángguǒ) (or from another Southeast Asian language)

→ Hiligaynon: mangga

→ Javanese: ꦩꦔ꧀ꦒ (mangga)

desctree

→ Portuguese: manga
→ Araweté: mãka
→ English: mango, manga (obsolete) (see there for further descendants)
→ Galician: manga
→ Guajajára: màg
→ Hunsrik: Manga
→ Middle French: manga
French: mangue
→ Nheengatu: manga
→ Spanish: manga

→ Tagalog: mangga

→ Tausug: mangga

→ Tiruray: mangga

→ Yakan: mangga

Borrowed from Tamil மாங்காய் (māṅkāy), from மா (mā, “mango”) + காய் (kāy, “unripe fruit, vegetable”), cognate with Malayalam മാങ്ങ (māṅṅa), Telugu మామిడికాయ (māmiḍikāya).


gelas

ms-noun

gelas (Jawi spelling ݢلس, plural gelas-gelas, informal 1st possessive gelasku, 2nd possessive gelasmu, 3rd possessive gelasnya)

ݢلس (Jawi)
gelas-gelas (plural)
gelasku (first-person informal possessive)
gelasmu (possessive second-person)
gelasnya (possessive third-person)


televisi

télévisi (Jawi spelling تيليۏيسي, plural televisi-televisi, informal 1st possessive televisiku, 2nd possessive televisimu, 3rd possessive televisinya)

télévisi (canonical)
تيليۏيسي (Jawi)
televisi-televisi (plural)
televisiku (first-person informal possessive)
televisimu (possessive second-person)
televisinya (possessive third-person)

Unadapted borrowing from Indonesian televisi, from Dutch televisie. Doublet of televisyen.


anggur

ms-noun

anggur (Jawi spelling اڠݢور, plural anggur-anggur, informal 1st possessive anggurku, 2nd possessive anggurmu, 3rd possessive anggurnya)

اڠݢور (Jawi)
anggur-anggur (plural)
anggurku (first-person informal possessive)
anggurmu (possessive second-person)
anggurnya (possessive third-person)

Brunei Malay: anggur

Indonesian: anggur

Dupaningan Agta: anggu

→ Minangkabau: anggur

→ Mapun: anggul

→ Pangutaran Sama: anggul

→ Sundanese: ᮃᮍ᮪ᮌᮥᮁ (anggur)

→ Tausug: anggul

→ Yakan: anggul

From Classical Malay اڠڬور (anggur), from Classical Persian انگور (angūr, “grape”).


jeruk

ms-noun

jeruk (Jawi spelling جروق, plural jeruk-jeruk, informal 1st possessive jerukku, 2nd possessive jerukmu, 3rd possessive jeruknya)

جروق (Jawi)
jeruk-jeruk (plural)
jerukku (first-person informal possessive)
jerukmu (possessive second-person)
jeruknya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: jeruk

→ Tagalog: dalok

From Javanese jeruk (ꦗꦼꦫꦸꦏ꧀), from Old Javanese jruk (“pickled meat, citrus fruits of various kinds”), probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kruuc ~ *kruəc (“citrus”). However, also note East Makian yorik (“citrus fruit”).

der

jeruk mangga


jingga

ms-noun

jingga (Jawi spelling جيڠݢ, plural jingga-jingga, informal 1st possessive jinggaku, 2nd possessive jinggamu, 3rd possessive jingganya)

جيڠݢ (Jawi)
jingga-jingga (plural)
jinggaku (first-person informal possessive)
jinggamu (possessive second-person)
jingganya (possessive third-person)


merah

merah (Jawi spelling ميره, plural merah-merah, informal 1st possessive merahku, 2nd possessive merahmu, 3rd possessive merahnya)

ميره (Jawi)
merah-merah (plural)
merahku (first-person informal possessive)
merahmu (possessive second-person)
merahnya (possessive third-person)

From mirah, from Proto-Malayic *(ma-)irah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)iʀaq.

Merah warna kegemaran saya.

Red is my favourite colour.


warna

warna (Jawi spelling ورنا, plural warna-warna, informal 1st possessive warnaku, 2nd possessive warnamu, 3rd possessive warnanya)

ورنا (Jawi)
warna-warna (plural)
warnaku (first-person informal possessive)
warnamu (possessive second-person)
warnanya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: warna

→ Maguindanao: warna

→ Maranao: warna

→ Tausug: walna'

→ Ternate: warna

Borrowed from Sanskrit वर्ण (varṇa). Compare English varna. Doublet of rona.

1909, Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, Straits Branch, page 58,
Di-pakai jubah kasa halus
Jubah mĕleret sampai kaki ;
Sĕrban kashmiri warna hijau
Bukan buatan nĕgĕri ini,
A robe of fine gauze was worn
A robe that stretched down to the legs ;
A green-coloured Kashmiri turban

Dan bintik-bintik warna darah beku berselerak ke situ berselerak ke sini.

1981, Shahnon Ahmad, Srengenge, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, page 14:

And spots the colour of clotted blood were scattered here and there.

Di tengah laut warna malam nampak bersatu dengan warna air laut.

1991, Ahmad J. Husein, Terbalik, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, →ISBN, page 20:

In the middle of the sea, the colour of the night looked as though it had merged with the colour of the seawater.


kutu

kutu (Jawi spelling کوتو, plural kutu-kutu, informal 1st possessive kutuku, 2nd possessive kutumu, 3rd possessive kutunya)

کوتو (Jawi)
kutu-kutu (plural)
kutuku (first-person informal possessive)
kutumu (possessive second-person)
kutunya (possessive third-person)

→ English: cootie

Indonesian: kutu

From Proto-Malayic *kutu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kutu, from Proto-Austronesian *kuCu.

mengutui [agent focus + causative benefactive]


kutu

Indonesian: kutu

From Tamil கூட்டு (kūṭṭu, “addition, collection, association”).

bor

habitual + agent focus + causative benefactive]

habitual + causative passive + resultative


ajak

ms-noun

ajak (Jawi spelling اجق, plural ajak-ajak, informal 1st possessive ajakku, 2nd possessive ajakmu, 3rd possessive ajaknya)

اجق (Jawi)
ajak-ajak (plural)
ajakku (first-person informal possessive)
ajakmu (possessive second-person)
ajaknya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *ajak, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *ajak, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *ajak, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *azak.


alu

alu (Jawi spelling الو, plural alu-alu, informal 1st possessive aluku, 2nd possessive alumu, 3rd possessive alunya)

الو (Jawi)
alu-alu (plural)
aluku (first-person informal possessive)
alumu (possessive second-person)
alunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: alu

From Proto-Malayic *halu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qahəlu, from Proto-Austronesian *qaSəlu (“pestle”).

pestle (instrument used with a mortar to grind things)


hati

hati (Jawi spelling هاتي, plural hati-hati, informal 1st possessive hatiku, 2nd possessive hatimu, 3rd possessive hatinya)

هاتي (Jawi)
hati-hati (plural)
hatiku (first-person informal possessive)
hatimu (possessive second-person)
hatinya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: hati

From Proto-Malayic *hati, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatay, from Proto-Austronesian *qaCay.

hati rapuh

Tersakit hatiku mendengarmu berkata begitu.

My heart aches hearing you say those things.


kulit

kulit (Jawi spelling کوليت, plural kulit-kulit, informal 1st possessive kulitku, 2nd possessive kulitmu, 3rd possessive kulitnya)

کوليت (Jawi)
kulit-kulit (plural)
kulitku (first-person informal possessive)
kulitmu (possessive second-person)
kulitnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: kulit

From Proto-Malayic *kulit, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *kulit, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *kulit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kulit, from Proto-Austronesian *kuliC.

skin (outer covering of the body of a person)

leather (material produced by tanning animal skin)


nasi

nasi (Jawi spelling ناسي, plural nasi-nasi, informal 1st possessive nasiku, 2nd possessive nasimu, 3rd possessive nasinya)

ناسي (Jawi)
nasi-nasi (plural)
nasiku (first-person informal possessive)
nasimu (possessive second-person)
nasinya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: nasi
→ Dutch: nasi

→ English: nasi

From Proto-Malayic *nasi, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *in-asi, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *asi₃.

(uncountable) Rice cooked by either steaming or boiling; cooked rice.

(countable) A white-coloured pimple; a whitehead.


nyamuk

nyamuk (Jawi spelling ڽاموق, plural nyamuk-nyamuk, informal 1st possessive nyamukku, 2nd possessive nyamukmu, 3rd possessive nyamuknya)

ڽاموق (Jawi)
nyamuk-nyamuk (plural)
nyamukku (first-person informal possessive)
nyamukmu (possessive second-person)
nyamuknya (possessive third-person)

> Indonesian: nyamuk (inherited)

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *ñamuk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ñamuk. Cognate with Maori namu (“Austrosimulium spp., sandfly”).

cog

mosquito (small flying insect of the family Culicidae, known for biting and sucking blood)


bini

ms-noun

bini (Jawi spelling بيني, plural bini-bini, informal 1st possessive biniku, 2nd possessive binimu, 3rd possessive bininya)

بيني (Jawi)
bini-bini (plural)
biniku (first-person informal possessive)
binimu (possessive second-person)
bininya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *bini, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *binahi (“woman, wife”); compare Urak Lawoi' บีนี (bini), Jarai bơnai.


tangan

ms-noun

tangan (Jawi spelling تاڠن, plural tangan-tangan, informal 1st possessive tanganku, 2nd possessive tanganmu, 3rd possessive tangannya)

تاڠن (Jawi)
tangan-tangan (plural)
tanganku (first-person informal possessive)
tanganmu (possessive second-person)
tangannya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: tangan

From Proto-Malayic *taŋan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taŋan. (compare Banjarese tangan, Iban tangan, Indonesian tangan, Minangkabau tangan).


kereta

kĕreta (Jawi spelling کريتا, plural kereta-kereta, informal 1st possessive keretaku, 2nd possessive keretamu, 3rd possessive keretanya)

kĕreta (canonical)
کريتا (Jawi)
kereta-kereta (plural)
keretaku (first-person informal possessive)
keretamu (possessive second-person)
keretanya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: kêrèta

→ Tausug: karita'

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱers-
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥sós
Proto-Celtic *karros
Gaulish *karrosbor.
Latin carrus
Old Catalan carro
Old Catalan -eta
Old Catalan carretabor.?
Old Galician-Portuguese carreta
Portuguese carretabor.
Malay kereta
From Portuguese carreta. Compare Tagalog kareta.

etymon

automobile, car, motorcar: A wheeled vehicle that moves independently, with at least three wheels, powered mechanically, steered by a driver and mostly for personal transportation.

Kereta hitam itu kereta saya.


hulu

ms-noun

hulu (Jawi spelling هولو, plural hulu-hulu, informal 1st possessive huluku, 2nd possessive hulumu, 3rd possessive hulunya)

هولو (Jawi)
hulu-hulu (plural)
huluku (first-person informal possessive)
hulumu (possessive second-person)
hulunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: hulu

zh-l

烏魯／乌鲁 (Wūlǔ)

→ Chinese: 烏魯／乌鲁 (Wūlǔ)

→ English: ulu

From Proto-Malayic *hulu(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qulu, from Proto-Austronesian *qulu, doublet of ulu. Head sense mainly replaced by kepala but preserved in court language.

(anatomy, obsolete) head (part of the body)

hulu keris: keris hilt or handle


bulu

ms-noun

bulu (Jawi spelling بولو, plural bulu-bulu, informal 1st possessive buluku, 2nd possessive bulumu, 3rd possessive bulunya)

بولو (Jawi)
bulu-bulu (plural)
buluku (first-person informal possessive)
bulumu (possessive second-person)
bulunya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *bulu, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *bulu, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *bulu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bulu.

(anatomy) hair (the collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of humans and animals)


hujan

hujan (Jawi spelling هوجن, plural hujan-hujan, informal 1st possessive hujanku, 2nd possessive hujanmu, 3rd possessive hujannya)

هوجن (Jawi)
hujan-hujan (plural)
hujanku (first-person informal possessive)
hujanmu (possessive second-person)
hujannya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: hujan

From Proto-Malayic *hujan, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *hujan, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *hujan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quzan, from Proto-Austronesian *quzaN.


urat

urat (Jawi spelling اورت, plural urat-urat, informal 1st possessive uratku, 2nd possessive uratmu, 3rd possessive uratnya)

اورت (Jawi)
urat-urat (plural)
uratku (first-person informal possessive)
uratmu (possessive second-person)
uratnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: urat

From Proto-Malayic *urat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uʀat, from Proto-Austronesian *huʀaC. Doublet of otot.


manuk

manuk (Jawi spelling مانوق, plural manuk-manuk, informal 1st possessive manukku, 2nd possessive manukmu, 3rd possessive manuknya)

مانوق (Jawi)
manuk-manuk (plural)
manukku (first-person informal possessive)
manukmu (possessive second-person)
manuknya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: manuk

→ Kensiu: manuk

→ Semai: manuk

→ Semnam: manuk

From Proto-Malayic *manuk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *manuk, from Proto-Austronesian *manuk.


esok

tomorrow (The day after the present day.)


nyiur

nyiur (Jawi spelling ڽيور, plural nyiur-nyiur, informal 1st possessive nyiurku, 2nd possessive nyiurmu, 3rd possessive nyiurnya)

ڽيور (Jawi)
nyiur-nyiur (plural)
nyiurku (first-person informal possessive)
nyiurmu (possessive second-person)
nyiurnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: nyiur

→ Semai: je'eer

From Proto-Malayic *ñiur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *niuʀ.
First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (ñiyur).

Nasi pulut yang ditanak dan diarung dengan santan segar yang diperah dari nyiur yang dikukur sendiri. Nasi pulut ini adalah bekalan ketika Mak Aja dan anak-anak menunggu durian luruh.

2023 January 8, Norlisa Kasturi, “Pulut tanak, nyiur kukur”, in Utusan Malaysia, archived from the original on 2023-01-08:

The glutinous rice is boiled and topped with fresh coconut milk squeezed from grated coconuts. This glutinous rice is a supply when Mak Aja and the children are waiting for durian to fall.


panah

panah (Jawi spelling ڤانه, plural panah-panah, informal 1st possessive panahku, 2nd possessive panahmu, 3rd possessive panahnya)

ڤانه (Jawi)
panah-panah (plural)
panahku (first-person informal possessive)
panahmu (possessive second-person)
panahnya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *panah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *panaq, from Proto-Austronesian *panaq. Compare with Tagalog pana (“bow”).


salah

(theology) A violation of God's will or religious law.


pandan

pandan (Jawi spelling ڤندن, plural pandan-pandan, informal 1st possessive pandanku, 2nd possessive pandanmu, 3rd possessive pandannya)

ڤندن (Jawi)
pandan-pandan (plural)
pandanku (first-person informal possessive)
pandanmu (possessive second-person)
pandannya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: pandan

→ Chinese: 斑蘭／斑兰

→ English: pandan

→ Hawaiian: pānakana

→ Russian: пандан (pandan)

→ New Latin: pandanus

→ English: pandanus

→ French: pandanus

→ Translingual: Pandanus

→ Semai: panat

From Proto-Malayic *pandan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paŋdan, from Proto-Austronesian *paŋudaN.

any plant of the genus Pandanus of screw pines

Pandanus amaryllifolius
Pandanus amaryllifolius#Translingual

Pandanus amaryllifolius, an aromatic tropical plant

food flavour derived from the leaves of Pandanus amaryllifolius


ruang

ruang (Jawi spelling رواڠ, plural ruang-ruang, informal 1st possessive ruangku, 2nd possessive ruangmu, 3rd possessive ruangnya)

رواڠ (Jawi)
ruang-ruang (plural)
ruangku (first-person informal possessive)
ruangmu (possessive second-person)
ruangnya (possessive third-person)

> Indonesian: ruang (inherited)

→ Burmese: ရုံ (rum)

→ Khmer: រោង (roong)

desc

→ Mon: ရိုၚ်

→ Mon: ရိုၚ်

→ Thai: โรง (roong)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *Ruqaŋ (“hole, pit”).

inh

Ruang tamu

An area of the house that is usually without that much activity and is calming.

Ruang kosong


rumbia

ms-noun

rumbia (Jawi spelling رومبيا, plural rumbia-rumbia, informal 1st possessive rumbiaku, 2nd possessive rumbiamu, 3rd possessive rumbianya)

رومبيا (Jawi)
rumbia-rumbia (plural)
rumbiaku (first-person informal possessive)
rumbiamu (possessive second-person)
rumbianya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: rumbia

From Proto-Malayic *rumbia, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀumbia.
First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (rumviya).


tahun

tahun (Jawi spelling تاهون, plural tahun-tahun, informal 1st possessive tahunku, 2nd possessive tahunmu, 3rd possessive tahunnya)

تاهون (Jawi)
tahun-tahun (plural)
tahunku (first-person informal possessive)
tahunmu (possessive second-person)
tahunnya (possessive third-person)

desctree

Indonesian: tahun, tahoen (1901–1947)
→ As: tahun

→ Tausug: tahun

→ Ternate: tahun

From Proto-Malayic *tahun, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqun (compare Maori tau).


kalo

ms-noun

kalo (Jawi spelling کالو, plural kalo-kalo, informal 1st possessive kaloku, 2nd possessive kalomu, 3rd possessive kalonya)

کالو (Jawi)
kalo-kalo (plural)
kaloku (first-person informal possessive)
kalomu (possessive second-person)
kalonya (possessive third-person)


tasik

tasik (Jawi spelling تاسيق, plural tasik-tasik, informal 1st possessive tasikku, 2nd possessive tasikmu, 3rd possessive tasiknya)

تاسيق (Jawi)
tasik-tasik (plural)
tasikku (first-person informal possessive)
tasikmu (possessive second-person)
tasiknya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: tasik

From Proto-Malayic *tasik, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tasik.


telaga

telaga (Jawi spelling تلاݢ, plural telaga-telaga, informal 1st possessive telagaku, 2nd possessive telagamu, 3rd possessive telaganya)

تلاݢ (Jawi)
telaga-telaga (plural)
telagaku (first-person informal possessive)
telagamu (possessive second-person)
telaganya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: telaga

→ Ternate: talaga

First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684AD. From Sanskrit तलक (talaka, “pond”), तडाग (taḍāga, “pond”).

short for telaga tahi (“water closet, lavatory; toilet”).


tambang

tambang (Jawi spelling تامبڠ, informal 1st possessive tambangku, 2nd possessive tambangmu, 3rd possessive tambangnya)

تامبڠ (Jawi)
tambangku (first-person informal possessive)
tambangmu (possessive second-person)
tambangnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: tambang

ferry: a ship used to transport people, smaller vehicles and goods from one port to another, usually on a regular schedule.

load: a certain number of articles or quantity of material that can be transported


tambang

tambang (informal 1st possessive tambangku, 2nd possessive tambangmu, 3rd possessive tambangnya)

tambangku (first-person informal possessive)
tambangmu (possessive second-person)
tambangnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: tambang

(rare) mine: an excavation from which ore or solid minerals are taken, especially one consisting of underground tunnels.


benua

benua (Jawi spelling بنوا, plural benua-benua, informal 1st possessive benuaku, 2nd possessive benuamu, 3rd possessive benuanya)

بنوا (Jawi)
benua-benua (plural)
benuaku (first-person informal possessive)
benuamu (possessive second-person)
benuanya (possessive third-person)

Baba Malay: benua

Indonesian: benua

From Proto-Malayic *bənua, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *banua, from Proto-Austronesian *banua. Cognate with Iban menua and Maori whenua.
First attested in the Kedukan Bukit inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (vanua).

benua Afrika

(geography) continent (each of main land-masses on earth's surface)

benua China


tangis

tangis (Jawi spelling تاڠيس, plural tangis-tangis, informal 1st possessive tangisku, 2nd possessive tangismu, 3rd possessive tangisnya)

تاڠيس (Jawi)
tangis-tangis (plural)
tangisku (first-person informal possessive)
tangismu (possessive second-person)
tangisnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: tangis

From Proto-Malayic *taŋis, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taŋis, from Proto-Austronesian *Caŋis.


sinar

sinar (Jawi spelling سينر, plural sinar-sinar, informal 1st possessive sinarku, 2nd possessive sinarmu, 3rd possessive sinarnya)

سينر (Jawi)
sinar-sinar (plural)
sinarku (first-person informal possessive)
sinarmu (possessive second-person)
sinarnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: sinar

From Proto-Malayic *sinar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sinaʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *siNaʀ (compare Tagalog sinag, Fijian siga, Samoan masina).

menyinari [agent focus + causative benefactive]


tengah

tengah (Jawi spelling تڠه, informal 1st possessive tengahku, 2nd possessive tengahmu, 3rd possessive tengahnya)

تڠه (Jawi)
tengahku (first-person informal possessive)
tengahmu (possessive second-person)
tengahnya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təŋaq. Cognate with Balinese tengah, Cebuano tunga; and distantly with Maori tonga (“south”), Samoan toga (“south”)

Ada seekor beruang di tengah padang itu.

There's a bear in the middle of the field.

pertengahan [causative passive + resultative


tiram

tiram (Jawi spelling تيرم, plural tiram-tiram, informal 1st possessive tiramku, 2nd possessive tirammu, 3rd possessive tiramnya)

تيرم (Jawi)
tiram-tiram (plural)
tiramku (first-person informal possessive)
tirammu (possessive second-person)
tiramnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: tiram

From Proto-Malayic *tirəm, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tiʀəm.


tuhan

tuhan (Jawi spelling توهن, plural tuhan-tuhan, informal 1st possessive tuhanku, 2nd possessive tuhanmu, 3rd possessive tuhannya)

توهن (Jawi)
tuhan-tuhan (plural)
tuhanku (first-person informal possessive)
tuhanmu (possessive second-person)
tuhannya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *tuhan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatuan (compare Gilbertese atua, Hawaiian akua, Maori atua, Samoan atua, Tahitian atua, Tuvaluan atua). Doublet of tuan.


udang

udang (Jawi spelling اودڠ, plural udang-udang, informal 1st possessive udangku, 2nd possessive udangmu, 3rd possessive udangnya)

اودڠ (Jawi)
udang-udang (plural)
udangku (first-person informal possessive)
udangmu (possessive second-person)
udangnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: udang

From Proto-Malayic *hudaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *hudaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *hudaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qudaŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *qudaŋ.


bokor

bokor (Jawi spelling بوکور, plural bokor-bokor, informal 1st possessive bokorku, 2nd possessive bokormu, 3rd possessive bokornya)

بوکور (Jawi)
bokor-bokor (plural)
bokorku (first-person informal possessive)
bokormu (possessive second-person)
bokornya (possessive third-person)

Balinese: bokor

Indonesian: bokor

Javanese: bokor

Old Javanese: bokor

Sasak: bokor

Sundanese: bokor


budi

budi (Jawi spelling بودي, plural budi-budi, informal 1st possessive budiku, 2nd possessive budimu, 3rd possessive budinya)

بودي (Jawi)
budi-budi (plural)
budiku (first-person informal possessive)
budimu (possessive second-person)
budinya (possessive third-person)

From Sanskrit बुद्धि (buddhi, “intelligence, mind, reason”).


cuka

ms-noun

cuka (Jawi spelling چوک, plural cuka-cuka, informal 1st possessive cukaku, 2nd possessive cukamu, 3rd possessive cukanya)

چوک (Jawi)
cuka-cuka (plural)
cukaku (first-person informal possessive)
cukamu (possessive second-person)
cukanya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: cuka

→ Bikol Central: suka

→ Cebuano: suka

→ Ilocano: suka

desc

→ Javanese: ꦕꦺꦴꦏꦏ꧀ (cokak), ꦕꦸꦏꦏ꧀ (cukak)

→ Maranao: soka'

→ Tagalog: suka

Possibly either:
* Borrowed from Prakrit *𑀘𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓 (*cukka), from Sanskrit चुक्र (cukra, “sourness; fruit vinegar”). Compare Bengali চুকা (cuka, “sour, acid”).
* Persian سرکا (serkâ, “vinegar”)


gempa

ms-noun

gempa (Jawi spelling ݢمڤا, plural gempa-gempa, informal 1st possessive gempaku, 2nd possessive gempamu, 3rd possessive gempanya)

ݢمڤا (Jawi)
gempa-gempa (plural)
gempaku (first-person informal possessive)
gempamu (possessive second-person)
gempanya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: gêmpa


kadar

kadar (Jawi spelling قدر, plural kadar-kadar, informal 1st possessive kadarku, 2nd possessive kadarmu, 3rd possessive kadarnya)

قدر (Jawi)
kadar-kadar (plural)
kadarku (first-person informal possessive)
kadarmu (possessive second-person)
kadarnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: kadar

From Arabic قَدْر (qadr), قَدَر (qadar).

sekadarkan [comparability + causative benefactive]

perkadaran [causative passive + repetition


kaum

kaum (Jawi spelling قوم, plural kaum-kaum, informal 1st possessive kaumku, 2nd possessive kaummu, 3rd possessive kaumnya)

قوم (Jawi)
kaum-kaum (plural)
kaumku (first-person informal possessive)
kaummu (possessive second-person)
kaumnya (possessive third-person)

group of people with common traits, such as an ethnic group or race


kerja

kerja (Jawi spelling کرجا, plural kerja-kerja, informal 1st possessive kerjaku, 2nd possessive kerjamu, 3rd possessive kerjanya)

کرجا (Jawi)
kerja-kerja (plural)
kerjaku (first-person informal possessive)
kerjamu (possessive second-person)
kerjanya (possessive third-person)

From Sanskrit कार्य (kārya), doublet of karya. Compare Prakrit 𑀓𑀚𑁆𑀚 (kajja) and Bengali কার্য (karjo).
Displaced gawai.


kacang

kacang (Jawi spelling کاچڠ, plural kacang-kacang, informal 1st possessive kacangku, 2nd possessive kacangmu, 3rd possessive kacangnya)

کاچڠ (Jawi)
kacang-kacang (plural)
kacangku (first-person informal possessive)
kacangmu (possessive second-person)
kacangnya (possessive third-person)


kunci

kunci (Jawi spelling کونچي, plural kunci-kunci, informal 1st possessive kunciku, 2nd possessive kuncimu, 3rd possessive kuncinya)

کونچي (Jawi)
kunci-kunci (plural)
kunciku (first-person informal possessive)
kuncimu (possessive second-person)
kuncinya (possessive third-person)

> Indonesian: kunci (inherited)

→ Iban: kunchi

→ Thai: กุญแจ (gun-jɛɛ) (semi-learned)

Borrowed from Hindi कुंजी (kuñjī, “key”), from Punjabi ਕੁੰਜੀ (kuñjī) / کُنجِی (kunjī), from Sanskrit कुञ्चिका (kuñcikā).

bor+

Kunci pintu


kasih

ms-noun

kasih (Jawi spelling کاسيه, plural kasih-kasih, informal 1st possessive kasihku, 2nd possessive kasihmu, 3rd possessive kasihnya)

کاسيه (Jawi)
kasih-kasih (plural)
kasihku (first-person informal possessive)
kasihmu (possessive second-person)
kasihnya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-qasiq (“mercy, pity, affection”).
First attested in the Kota Kapur inscription, 686 CE, as Old Malay [script needed] (kasīh), in inflected form kasīhan (current spelling kasihan). Sense of "giving" may be semantic extension from the action of loving into repaying or providing reciprocal affection.


keju

ms-noun

keju (Jawi spelling کيجو, plural keju-keju, informal 1st possessive kejuku, 2nd possessive kejumu, 3rd possessive kejunya)

کيجو (Jawi)
keju-keju (plural)
kejuku (first-person informal possessive)
kejumu (possessive second-person)
kejunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: keju

From Portuguese queijo, from Old Galician-Portuguese queijo, from Latin cāseus, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kwh₂et- (“to ferment, become sour”).


kelawar

ms-noun

kelawar (Jawi spelling کلاور, plural kelawar-kelawar, informal 1st possessive kelawarku, 2nd possessive kelawarmu, 3rd possessive kelawarnya)

کلاور (Jawi)
kelawar-kelawar (plural)
kelawarku (first-person informal possessive)
kelawarmu (possessive second-person)
kelawarnya (possessive third-person)

From kelelawar by haplology, from Proto-Malayic, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kula-la(m)baʀ. Possibly related to Proto-Austronesian *lawaʀ (“flying squirrel”).


kelawar

Phono-semantic matching of Dutch klaveren.


kepala

ms-noun

kĕpala (Jawi spelling کڤالا, plural kepala-kepala, informal 1st possessive kepalaku, 2nd possessive kepalamu, 3rd possessive kepalanya)

kĕpala (canonical)
کڤالا (Jawi)
kepala-kepala (plural)
kepalaku (first-person informal possessive)
kepalamu (possessive second-person)
kepalanya (possessive third-person)

From Sanskrit कपाल (kapāla, “skull”). Main anatomy sense mostly displaced native word hulu except in court language.
* Sense of leader and chief is a semantic loan from Dutch hoofd, compare with penghulu.
* The computing sense is a semantic loan from English head.

kepala kain: front broad stripe found in some sarong patterns

kepala susu: cream of milk

kepala santan: coconut cream

kepala surat: letterhead

kepala berita: headline

kepala lutut: kneecap, patella

Kepala suku

Kepala sekolah

(computing) head: part of a disk drive responsible for reading and writing data.


kilat

kilat (Jawi spelling کيلت, plural kilat-kilat, informal 1st possessive kilatku, 2nd possessive kilatmu, 3rd possessive kilatnya)

کيلت (Jawi)
kilat-kilat (plural)
kilatku (first-person informal possessive)
kilatmu (possessive second-person)
kilatnya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *kilat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kilat, from Proto-Austronesian *likaC.


katak

katak (Jawi spelling کاتق, plural katak-katak, informal 1st possessive katakku, 2nd possessive katakmu, 3rd possessive kataknya)

کاتق (Jawi)
katak-katak (plural)
katakku (first-person informal possessive)
katakmu (possessive second-person)
kataknya (possessive third-person)

(politics, slang, derogatory, Malaysia) defector: a politician who simply switches between different political parties.


kodok

kodok (Jawi spelling کودوق, plural kodok-kodok, informal 1st possessive kodokku, 2nd possessive kodokmu, 3rd possessive kodoknya)

کودوق (Jawi)
kodok-kodok (plural)
kodokku (first-person informal possessive)
kodokmu (possessive second-person)
kodoknya (possessive third-person)


kursi

kursi (informal 1st possessive kursiku, 2nd possessive kursimu, 3rd possessive kursinya)

kursiku (first-person informal possessive)
kursimu (possessive second-person)
kursinya (possessive third-person)

From Arabic كُرْسِيّ (kursiyy). Doublet of kerusi.

(education) chair: a distinguished professorship at a university.


laba

laba (plural laba-laba, informal 1st possessive labaku, 2nd possessive labamu, 3rd possessive labanya)

laba-laba (plural)
labaku (first-person informal possessive)
labamu (possessive second-person)
labanya (possessive third-person)

melabakan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

melabai [agent focus + causative benefactive]


kutub

kutub (Jawi spelling قطب, plural kutub-kutub, informal 1st possessive kutubku, 2nd possessive kutubmu, 3rd possessive kutubnya)

قطب (Jawi)
kutub-kutub (plural)
kutubku (first-person informal possessive)
kutubmu (possessive second-person)
kutubnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: kutub

kutub utara

kutub selatan


utara

utara (Jawi spelling اوتارا or اتارا or اوتار or اوترا, plural utara-utara, informal 1st possessive utaraku, 2nd possessive utaramu, 3rd possessive utaranya)

اوتارا (Jawi)
اتارا (Jawi)
اوتار (Jawi)
اوترا (Jawi)
utara-utara (plural)
utaraku (first-person informal possessive)
utaramu (possessive second-person)
utaranya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from Sanskrit उत्तर (uttara). Displaced native Malay laut from Proto-Malayic *laut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lahud, from Proto-Austronesian *lahud.


burung

burung (Jawi spelling بوروڠ, plural burung-burung, informal 1st possessive burungku, 2nd possessive burungmu, 3rd possessive burungnya)

بوروڠ (Jawi)
burung-burung (plural)
burungku (first-person informal possessive)
burungmu (possessive second-person)
burungnya (possessive third-person)

desctree

Indonesian: burung, boeroeng (1901–1947)
→ Asilulu: burung


langit

ms-noun

langit (Jawi spelling لاڠيت, plural langit-langit, informal 1st possessive langitku, 2nd possessive langitmu, 3rd possessive langitnya)

لاڠيت (Jawi)
langit-langit (plural)
langitku (first-person informal possessive)
langitmu (possessive second-person)
langitnya (possessive third-person)

> Indonesian: langit (inherited)

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *laŋit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laŋit, from Proto-Austronesian *laŋiC. Cognate with Tagalog langit.


layar

layar (Jawi spelling لاير, plural layar-layar, informal 1st possessive layarku, 2nd possessive layarmu, 3rd possessive layarnya)

لاير (Jawi)
layar-layar (plural)
layarku (first-person informal possessive)
layarmu (possessive second-person)
layarnya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *layar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *layaʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *layaʀ.
Cognates
Cognate with Iban layar,
Moken layan, Sundanese ᮜᮚᮁ (layar), Balinese layah, Acehnese layeuë, Tagalog layag, Bikol Central layag, Cebuano layag, Chamorro layak, Malagasy lay, Fijian laca, Niuean lā, Samoan lā, Tongan lā, Hawaiian lā Maori rā, Tahitian rā.

(nautical) sail (a piece of fabric attached to a boat)

screen (the viewing surface or area of a movie, or moving picture or slide presentation)


lidah

lidah (Jawi spelling ليده, plural lidah-lidah, informal 1st possessive lidahku, 2nd possessive lidahmu, 3rd possessive lidahnya)

ليده (Jawi)
lidah-lidah (plural)
lidahku (first-person informal possessive)
lidahmu (possessive second-person)
lidahnya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *dilah by metathesis, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dilaq (“tongue”), from Proto-Austronesian *dilaq (“to lick”). Doublet of jilat.


lisan

lisan (Jawi spelling ليسن, plural lisan-lisan, informal 1st possessive lisanku, 2nd possessive lisanmu, 3rd possessive lisannya)

ليسن (Jawi)
lisan-lisan (plural)
lisanku (first-person informal possessive)
lisanmu (possessive second-person)
lisannya (possessive third-person)

From Classical Malay lisan, from Arabic لِسَان (lisān, “tongue”).


bahaya

bahaya (Jawi spelling بهاي, plural bahaya-bahaya, informal 1st possessive bahayaku, 2nd possessive bahayamu, 3rd possessive bahayanya)

بهاي (Jawi)
bahaya-bahaya (plural)
bahayaku (first-person informal possessive)
bahayamu (possessive second-person)
bahayanya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: bahaya

→ Ternate: bahaya

From Sanskrit भय (bhaya, “risk, peril”).


putih

putih (Jawi spelling ڤوتيه, plural putih-putih, informal 1st possessive putihku, 2nd possessive putihmu, 3rd possessive putihnya)

ڤوتيه (Jawi)
putih-putih (plural)
putihku (first-person informal possessive)
putihmu (possessive second-person)
putihnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: putih

From Proto-Malayic *putih, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)putiq.


umur

umur (Jawi spelling عمور, plural umur-umur, informal 1st possessive umurku, 2nd possessive umurmu, 3rd possessive umurnya)

عمور (Jawi)
umur-umur (plural)
umurku (first-person informal possessive)
umurmu (possessive second-person)
umurnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: umur

→ Bakung: umun

→ Ternate: umur

Borrowed from Arabic عُمُر (ʕumur, “age”).

Berapa umur anda?


warta

warta (Jawi spelling ورتا, plural warta-warta, informal 1st possessive wartaku, 2nd possessive wartamu, 3rd possessive wartanya)

ورتا (Jawi)
warta-warta (plural)
wartaku (first-person informal possessive)
wartamu (possessive second-person)
wartanya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: warta

Borrowed from Javanese warta (ꦮꦂꦠ), from Old Javanese warta, wṛtta, from Sanskrit वार्त्ता (vārttā). Doublet of berita.

Akta ini mula berkuat kuasa pada tarikh yang ditetapkan oleh Menteri melalui pemberitahuan dalam Warta.

This Act comes into operation on a date to be appointed by the Minister by notification in the Gazette.

(law, often capitalized and italicized in legislations) gazette (official periodical publication by government)


yatim

yatim (Jawi spelling يتيم, plural yatim-yatim, informal 1st possessive yatimku, 2nd possessive yatimmu, 3rd possessive yatimnya)

يتيم (Jawi)
yatim-yatim (plural)
yatimku (first-person informal possessive)
yatimmu (possessive second-person)
yatimnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: yatim

orphan; someone who has lost one of his or her parents


manusia

manusia (Jawi spelling ماءنسي, plural manusia-manusia, informal 1st possessive manusiaku, 2nd possessive manusiamu, 3rd possessive manusianya)

ماءنسي (Jawi)
manusia-manusia (plural)
manusiaku (first-person informal possessive)
manusiamu (possessive second-person)
manusianya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from Sanskrit मनुष्य (manuṣyá, “human being”).


buah

ms-noun

buah (Jawi spelling بواه, plural buah-buah or buah-buahan, informal 1st possessive buahku, 2nd possessive buahmu, 3rd possessive buahnya)

بواه (Jawi)
buah-buah (plural)
buah-buahan (plural)
buahku (first-person informal possessive)
buahmu (possessive second-person)
buahnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: buah

From Proto-Malayic *buah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buaq, from Proto-Austronesian *buaq. First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (vuaḥ).
* The sense of result and outcome are probably semantic loan from Sanskrit फल (phala, “result, yield, consequence”, literally “fruit”). Compare with Tagalog bunga with both fruit and result senses, while Malay bunga means flower.

sl

buah catur: chess piece

buah dadu: dice

buah tasbih: beads on a rosary or the like

any small and/or roundish holdable object resembling fruit or otherwise


mula

ms-noun

mula (Jawi spelling مولا, informal 1st possessive mulaku, 2nd possessive mulamu, 3rd possessive mulanya)

مولا (Jawi)
mulaku (first-person informal possessive)
mulamu (possessive second-person)
mulanya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: mula

dari mula lagi


mulut

mulut (Jawi spelling مولوت, plural mulut-mulut, informal 1st possessive mulutku, 2nd possessive mulutmu, 3rd possessive mulutnya)

مولوت (Jawi)
mulut-mulut (plural)
mulutku (first-person informal possessive)
mulutmu (possessive second-person)
mulutnya (possessive third-person)

mouth (the opening of an animal through which food is ingested)


nabi

nabi (Jawi spelling نبي, plural nabi-nabi, informal 1st possessive nabiku, 2nd possessive nabimu, 3rd possessive nabinya)

نبي (Jawi)
nabi-nabi (plural)
nabiku (first-person informal possessive)
nabimu (possessive second-person)
nabinya (possessive third-person)


naga

naga (Jawi spelling ناݢ, plural naga-naga, informal 1st possessive nagaku, 2nd possessive nagamu, 3rd possessive naganya)

ناݢ (Jawi)
naga-naga (plural)
nagaku (first-person informal possessive)
nagamu (possessive second-person)
naganya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from Sanskrit नाग (nāgá, “large snake”).


nuri

nuri (Jawi spelling نوري, plural nuri-nuri, informal 1st possessive nuriku, 2nd possessive nurimu, 3rd possessive nurinya)

نوري (Jawi)
nuri-nuri (plural)
nuriku (first-person informal possessive)
nurimu (possessive second-person)
nurinya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: nuri

→ English: lory

→ West Makian: nuri

→ Maranao: nori

→ Tausug: nuli


nusa

nusa (Jawi spelling نوسا, plural nusa-nusa, informal 1st possessive nusaku, 2nd possessive nusamu, 3rd possessive nusanya)

نوسا (Jawi)
nusa-nusa (plural)
nusaku (first-person informal possessive)
nusamu (possessive second-person)
nusanya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *nusa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *nusa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *nusa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nusa.

island (area of land completely surrounded by water)


otak

otak (Jawi spelling اوتق, plural otak-otak, informal 1st possessive otakku, 2nd possessive otakmu, 3rd possessive otaknya)

اوتق (Jawi)
otak-otak (plural)
otakku (first-person informal possessive)
otakmu (possessive second-person)
otaknya (possessive third-person)

→ English: otak-otak (via the plural otak-otak)

Indonesian: otak

→ Javanese: utak (via the obsolete utak)

From utak, from Proto-Malayic *hutək, *utək, *utak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hutək, *qutək, *qutak. Doublet of botak and kotak.


oleh

oleh (Jawi spelling اوليه, plural oleh-oleh, informal 1st possessive olehku, 2nd possessive olehmu, 3rd possessive olehnya)

اوليه (Jawi)
oleh-oleh (plural)
olehku (first-person informal possessive)
olehmu (possessive second-person)
olehnya (possessive third-person)


getah

getah (Jawi spelling ݢته, plural getah-getah, informal 1st possessive getahku, 2nd possessive getahmu, 3rd possessive getahnya)

ݢته (Jawi)
getah-getah (plural)
getahku (first-person informal possessive)
getahmu (possessive second-person)
getahnya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gətəq (“sap, gummy secretion”), *-təq (“sap, gummy secretion”). Semantic loan from Dutch sap for the sense of biological fluid, biological juice.

inh

Potong buah sukun ni kena berhati-hati sikit, getahnya senang melekat kat tangan.

Careful with cutting breadfruit, its sap sticks easily on the hands.

latex, gum: the milky sap of several trees that coagulates on exposure to air.

(Riau) sap: the juice of plants of any kind, especially the ascending and descending juices or circulating fluid essential to nutrition.

Hevea brasiliensis
Hevea brasiliensis#Translingual

(uncountable, countable) rubber i.e. pliable material derived from coagulated sap of introduced Hevea brasiliensis; a hydrocarbon polymer of isoprene.

(uncountable, countable) Synthetic materials with the same properties as natural rubber.


bambu

head

bambu (Jawi spelling بمبو, plural bambu-bambu)

Indonesian: bambu

desctree

→ Portuguese: bambu
→ Asturian: bambú
→ Catalan: bambú
→ Dutch: bamboe (see there for further descendants)
→ French: bambou
→ Moore: bambu
→ Norman: bambou
→ Russian: бамбу́к (bambúk) (or Dutch bamboe or English bamboo) (see there for further descendants)
→ Italian: bambù
→ Spanish: bambú

→ Tok Pisin: mambu

Etymology tree
Proto-Dravidian *wēmpu
Tamil வேம்பு (vēmpu)bor.
Proto-Dravidian *wēmpu
Kannada ಬಂಬು (bambu)bor.
Malay bambu
Borrowed from Tamil வேம்பு (vēmpu) and/or Kannada ಬಂಬು (bambu).


kampung

ms-noun

kampung (Jawi spelling کامڤوڠ, plural kampung-kampung, informal 1st possessive kampungku, 2nd possessive kampungmu, 3rd possessive kampungnya)

کامڤوڠ (Jawi)
kampung-kampung (plural)
kampungku (first-person informal possessive)
kampungmu (possessive second-person)
kampungnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: kampung

→ Dutch: kampong
→ English: compound

→ English: kampong / kampung

→ Min Nan: 甘榜 (kám-pung, kam-póng, kam-pōng), 監光 /监光 (kam-kong), 鑒光 /鉴光 (kàm-kong), 監江 /监江 (kam-kang)

Mandarin: 甘榜 (gānbǎng; gānbōng)

Cantonese: 甘榜 (gam3 bong1)

From Proto-Malayic *kampuŋ. Compare Minangkabau kampuang.
* According to Dempwolff, the Malay word is a derivation from Proto-Malayic *puŋ (“to collect, gather”).
* Related to Khmer កំពង់ (kɑmpŭəng, “port; landing-place”) due to the historical ties between Malay and Khmer people in ancient times. However, according to Dempwolff, relationship to Khmer កំពង់ (kɑmpŭəng, “port; landing-place”) is considered coincidental.

cog

berkampung-kampung [reduplication + stative

kampungan [repetition

having the characteristics of a small village

village group; place of gathering; cluster; group; peR- + -an

seperkampungan [causative passive + resultative

perkampungan [causative passive + repetition

to call; to summon; to gather; meN- + -kan

mengampungkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

mengampungi [agent focus + causative benefactive]

to be summoned; to be gathered; di- + -kan

dikampungkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

dikampungi [patient focus + causative benefactive]

Kampung itu banyak tempat yang indah.

That village has many beautiful places to see.

village (a rural habitation of size between a hamlet and a town)

Aku dah lama kenal Nick, kami ni sekampung.

I have known Nick for a long time, we came from the same place.

Kampung Cina ― Chinatown

community (an area inhabited by a particular ethnic group)


duyung

ms-noun

duyung (Jawi spelling دويوڠ, plural duyung-duyung, informal 1st possessive duyungku, 2nd possessive duyungmu, 3rd possessive duyungnya)

دويوڠ (Jawi)
duyung-duyung (plural)
duyungku (first-person informal possessive)
duyungmu (possessive second-person)
duyungnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: duyung

→ Afrikaans: doejong, doegong

→ Dutch: doejong

→ Ido: duyongo

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duyuŋ from Proto-Austronesian *duyuŋ. Doublet of dugong.


duri

duri (Jawi spelling دوري, plural duri-duri, informal 1st possessive duriku, 2nd possessive durimu, 3rd possessive durinya)

دوري (Jawi)
duri-duri (plural)
duriku (first-person informal possessive)
durimu (possessive second-person)
durinya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: duri

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *duʀi. Compare Malagasy rui, Acehnese duroë, Kosraean sri and Fijian sui.

duri tajam


menteri

mĕntĕri (Jawi spelling منتري, plural menteri-menteri, informal 1st possessive menteriku, 2nd possessive menterimu, 3rd possessive menterinya)

mĕntĕri (canonical)
منتري (Jawi)
menteri-menteri (plural)
menteriku (first-person informal possessive)
menterimu (possessive second-person)
menterinya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: menteri

→ Portuguese: mandarim (see there for further descendants)

From Sanskrit मन्त्री (mantrī), from Sanskrit मन्त्रिन् (mantrin, “minister, councillor”), from मन्त्र (mantra, “counsel, maxim, mantra”) + -इन् (-in, “an agent suffix”). Doublet of manteri.

der

menteri luar negeri

(government) A minister; the head of a ministry.

Pada sūltan atau pada mantrī-nia

1812, William Marsden, A Dictionary of the Malayan language in two parts, Malayan and English and English and Malayan, →OCLC, page 2:

(archaic, historical) A high-ranking officer (the sultan's adviser, etc.).


rambut

ms-noun

rambut (Jawi spelling رامبوت, plural rambut-rambut, informal 1st possessive rambutku, 2nd possessive rambutmu, 3rd possessive rambutnya)

رامبوت (Jawi)
rambut-rambut (plural)
rambutku (first-person informal possessive)
rambutmu (possessive second-person)
rambutnya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *rambut. Might be compared to Manggarai ramut.

1922, A.H. Hill ed., Hikayat Raja-raja Pasai, in Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, Straits Branch, page 4,
Maka ujar Mĕrah Gajah kapada tuan putĕri itu, "Wah adinda, mari hamba bantunkan rambut tuan putĕri sa'hĕlai itu."

Merah Gajah said to the princess, "My beloved, let me pluck that single stray hair of yours."

Hujung bulan itu, dia menggunting lagi rambut budak-budak dalam kampung dan dua hari kemudiannya, saya lihat dia telah mengemaskan begnya.

1990, Hashim Awang, Othman Puteh, Cahaya Langit, Penerbitan Budiman, →ISBN, page 27:

At the end of the month, he once again cut the hair of the kids in the village and two days later, I saw that he had packed his bags.

Farid mengusap rambut ayahnya.

2006, Ida Rizyani Tahir, Jalan Jauh ke Kampus, PTS Fortuna, →ISBN, page 162:

(anatomy) hair (a pigmented keratinaceous growth on the human head)


sarung

sarung (Jawi spelling ساروڠ, plural sarung-sarung, informal 1st possessive sarungku, 2nd possessive sarungmu, 3rd possessive sarungnya)

ساروڠ (Jawi)
sarung-sarung (plural)
sarungku (first-person informal possessive)
sarungmu (possessive second-person)
sarungnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: sarung

→ Afrikaans: sarong

→ Burmese: သားလှောင် (sa:hlaung)

→ Cebuano: sarong

→ Dutch: saroeng

→ French: sarong

→ Romanian: sarong

→ Spanish: sarong

→ English: sarong

→ Karao: sarong

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saruŋ (“sheath, sheath-like container; to sheathe a weapon”). Cognate with Javanese ꦱꦫꦸꦁ (sarung).

inh+

menyarungkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

menyarungi [agent focus + causative benefactive]

disarungkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

disarungi [patient focus + causative benefactive]

sarong (garment made of printed cloth wrapped about the waist)


erti

ms-noun

erti (Jawi spelling ارتي, plural erti-erti, informal 1st possessive ertiku, 2nd possessive ertimu, 3rd possessive ertinya)

ارتي (Jawi)
erti-erti (plural)
ertiku (first-person informal possessive)
ertimu (possessive second-person)
ertinya (possessive third-person)

From Sanskrit अर्थ (artha, “meaning”). Doublet of reti and harta.


pasar

pasar (Jawi spelling ڤاسر, plural pasar-pasar, informal 1st possessive pasarku, 2nd possessive pasarmu, 3rd possessive pasarnya)

ڤاسر (Jawi)
pasar-pasar (plural)
pasarku (first-person informal possessive)
pasarmu (possessive second-person)
pasarnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: pasar

→ Balinese: ᬧᬲᬃ (pasar)

→ Chinese: 巴剎 /巴刹

→ Peranakan Indonesian: pasat

→ Dutch: pasar

→ Javanese: ꦥꦱꦂ (pasar)

→ Petjo: passer

→ Dutch: passer

→ Sundanese: ᮕᮞᮁ (pasar)

→ Western Cham: [script needed] (pasar)

→ Khmer: ផ្សារ (phsaa)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wes-der.
Proto-Indo-European *kʷel-der.
Middle Persian wʾčʾl
Classical Persian بازارbor.
Malay pasar
Borrowed from Classical Persian بازار (bāzār, “market”).


pintu

ms-noun

pintu (Jawi spelling ڤينتو, plural pintu-pintu, informal 1st possessive pintuku, 2nd possessive pintumu, 3rd possessive pintunya)

ڤينتو (Jawi)
pintu-pintu (plural)
pintuku (first-person informal possessive)
pintumu (possessive second-person)
pintunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: pintu

→ Tok Pisin: pitu

Probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *nt₁uuʔ (“hole, pit”).

door (portal of entry into a building or room)


rokok

rokok (Jawi spelling روکوق, plural rokok-rokok, informal 1st possessive rokokku, 2nd possessive rokokmu, 3rd possessive rokoknya)

روکوق (Jawi)
rokok-rokok (plural)
rokokku (first-person informal possessive)
rokokmu (possessive second-person)
rokoknya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: rokok

→ Petjo: rokok

Membazir duit sahaja membeli rokok.

Buying cigarettes is just a waste of money.


rotan

rotan (Jawi spelling روتن, plural rotan-rotan, informal 1st possessive rotanku, 2nd possessive rotanmu, 3rd possessive rotannya)

روتن (Jawi)
rotan-rotan (plural)
rotanku (first-person informal possessive)
rotanmu (possessive second-person)
rotannya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: rotan

→ Afrikaans: rottang

→ English: rattan

→ English: rotan (noun)

→ French: rotin
→ Portuguese: rotim

From raut + -an, from raut (“to trim, pare down”), doublet of rautan.

rattan (any of several species of climbing palm of the genus Calamus)

(by extension) rattan (a cane made from rattan)


roti

roti (Jawi spelling روتي, plural roti-roti, informal 1st possessive rotiku, 2nd possessive rotimu, 3rd possessive rotinya)

روتي (Jawi)
roti-roti (plural)
rotiku (first-person informal possessive)
rotimu (possessive second-person)
rotinya (possessive third-person)

> Indonesian: roti (inherited)

→ Javanese: ꦫꦺꦴꦠꦶ (roti)

zh-l

羅知／罗知 (lô-ti)

→ Min Nan: 羅知／罗知 (lô-ti)

→ Pattani Malay: راوْتي / รอตี

Borrowed from Tamil ரொட்டி (roṭṭi) or Hindi रोटी (roṭī, “bread”).


sakit

ms-noun

sakit (Jawi spelling ساکيت, plural sakit-sakit, informal 1st possessive sakitku, 2nd possessive sakitmu, 3rd possessive sakitnya)

ساکيت (Jawi)
sakit-sakit (plural)
sakitku (first-person informal possessive)
sakitmu (possessive second-person)
sakitnya (possessive third-person)

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *sakit, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sakit.
First attested in the Kota Kapur inscription, 686 CE, as Old Malay [script needed] (sākit).


sakar

sakar (Jawi spelling ساکر, plural sakar-sakar, informal 1st possessive sakarku, 2nd possessive sakarmu, 3rd possessive sakarnya)

ساکر (Jawi)
sakar-sakar (plural)
sakarku (first-person informal possessive)
sakarmu (possessive second-person)
sakarnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: sakar

From Persian شکر (šakar), from Sanskrit शर्करा (śarkarā), from Proto-Indo-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱorkeh₂.

sugar (sucrose from sugar cane or sugar beet and used to sweeten food and drink)


sakar

Malay: sakau

From Minangkabau sakar; likely related to cakar (“to claw, to seize”).


selamat

sĕlamat (Jawi spelling سلامت, plural selamat-selamat, informal 1st possessive selamatku, 2nd possessive selamatmu, 3rd possessive selamatnya)

sĕlamat (canonical)
سلامت (Jawi)
selamat-selamat (plural)
selamatku (first-person informal possessive)
selamatmu (possessive second-person)
selamatnya (possessive third-person)

From Arabic سَلَامَات (salāmāt), plural of سَلَام (salām).


susu

susu (Jawi spelling سوسو, informal 1st possessive susuku, 2nd possessive susumu, 3rd possessive susunya)

سوسو (Jawi)
susuku (first-person informal possessive)
susumu (possessive second-person)
susunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: susu

→ Petjo: soesoe

→ Tok Pisin: susu

From Proto-Malayic *susu(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *susu, from Proto-Austronesian *susu.


tebu

tebu (Jawi spelling تبو, plural tebu-tebu, informal 1st possessive tebuku, 2nd possessive tebumu, 3rd possessive tebunya)

تبو (Jawi)
tebu-tebu (plural)
tebuku (first-person informal possessive)
tebumu (possessive second-person)
tebunya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *təbu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təbuh (compare Chamorro tupu, Fijian dovu), from Proto-Austronesian *təbuS.

sugar cane (species of grass whose sap is a source of sugar)


telur

telur (Jawi spelling تلور, plural telur-telur, informal 1st possessive telurku, 2nd possessive telurmu, 3rd possessive telurnya)

تلور (Jawi)
telur-telur (plural)
telurku (first-person informal possessive)
telurmu (possessive second-person)
telurnya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *təlur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qitəluʀ, *qatəluʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *qiCəluʀ.


jati

jati (Jawi spelling جاتي, plural jati-jati, informal 1st possessive jatiku, 2nd possessive jatimu, 3rd possessive jatinya)

جاتي (Jawi)
jati-jati (plural)
jatiku (first-person informal possessive)
jatimu (possessive second-person)
jatinya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: jati (“teak”)

→ Cebuano: yati (“teak”)

→ Min Nan: 惹致 (jiá-tì)

Borrowed from Old Javanese jati, from Sanskrit जाति (jāti). Doublet of jadi, jata, and jelata.


papan

papan (Jawi spelling ڤاڤن, plural papan-papan, informal 1st possessive papanku, 2nd possessive papanmu, 3rd possessive papannya)

ڤاڤن (Jawi)
papan-papan (plural)
papanku (first-person informal possessive)
papanmu (possessive second-person)
papannya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: papan

→ Rembong: papan

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *papan.


buaya

ms-noun

buaya (Jawi spelling بوايا, plural buaya-buaya, informal 1st possessive buayaku, 2nd possessive buayamu, 3rd possessive buayanya)

بوايا (Jawi)
buaya-buaya (plural)
buayaku (first-person informal possessive)
buayamu (possessive second-person)
buayanya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: buaya

desc

峇仔 / 磨仔 / 末仔 / 磨野 / 磨頁 ／ 磨页

→ Hokkien: 峇仔 / 磨仔 / 末仔 / 磨野 / 磨頁 ／ 磨页 (bôa-iá / bôa-á / boah-á / boa̍h-á / ba̍h-á)

峇囝 / 䰾仔 / 鲃仔

→ Teochew: 峇囝 / 䰾仔 / 鲃仔 (bha⁷ gian²)

From Proto-Malayic *buhaya, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buqaya, from Proto-Austronesian *buqaya.
The sense of "playboy" is from a clipping of buaya darat.

(figurative, slang) A playboy, a man that has multiple partners.


derma

ms-noun

derma (Jawi spelling درما, plural derma-derma, informal 1st possessive dermaku, 2nd possessive dermamu, 3rd possessive dermanya)

درما (Jawi)
derma-derma (plural)
dermaku (first-person informal possessive)
dermamu (possessive second-person)
dermanya (possessive third-person)

From Sanskrit धर्म (dharma, “morality, religion, duty, law”).


duli

ms-noun

duli (Jawi spelling دولي, plural duli-duli, informal 1st possessive duliku, 2nd possessive dulimu, 3rd possessive dulinya)

دولي (Jawi)
duli-duli (plural)
duliku (first-person informal possessive)
dulimu (possessive second-person)
dulinya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: duli


gua

gua (Jawi spelling ݢوا, plural gua-gua, informal 1st possessive guaku, 2nd possessive guamu, 3rd possessive guanya)

ݢوا (Jawi)
gua-gua (plural)
guaku (first-person informal possessive)
guamu (possessive second-person)
guanya (possessive third-person)


madu

madu (Jawi spelling مادو, plural madu-madu, informal 1st possessive maduku, 2nd possessive madumu, 3rd possessive madunya)

مادو (Jawi)
madu-madu (plural)
maduku (first-person informal possessive)
madumu (possessive second-person)
madunya (possessive third-person)


madu

madu (plural madu-madu, informal 1st possessive maduku, 2nd possessive madumu, 3rd possessive madunya)

madu-madu (plural)
maduku (first-person informal possessive)
madumu (possessive second-person)
madunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: madu

Unknown, perhaps as semantic loan from Chinese 蜜 (mì, “honey, mistress”).

semantic loan

mistress or wife in a polygyny relation.


pada

ms-noun

pada (plural pada-pada, informal 1st possessive padaku, 2nd possessive padamu, 3rd possessive padanya)

pada-pada (plural)
padaku (first-person informal possessive)
padamu (possessive second-person)
padanya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from Sanskrit पद (pada, “foot”).

(archaic) the feet of royalty (as a royal form of address)

mayapada

marcapada


hidup

hidup (Jawi spelling هيدوڤ, plural hidup-hidup, informal 1st possessive hidupku, 2nd possessive hidupmu, 3rd possessive hidupnya)

هيدوڤ (Jawi)
hidup-hidup (plural)
hidupku (first-person informal possessive)
hidupmu (possessive second-person)
hidupnya (possessive third-person)

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *hidup, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *hudip by metathesis, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qudip, from Proto-Austronesian *qudip.
First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (hidup) in the form [script needed] (maṃhidupi) (current spelling menghidupi).


hiu

hiu (Jawi spelling هيو, plural hiu-hiu, informal 1st possessive hiuku, 2nd possessive hiumu, 3rd possessive hiunya)

هيو (Jawi)
hiu-hiu (plural)
hiuku (first-person informal possessive)
hiumu (possessive second-person)
hiunya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *hiu, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *hiu, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *hiu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qihu (compare Javanese ꦲꦶꦪꦸ (iyu), Fijian qio), from Proto-Austronesian *qiSu.


ratu

ratu (Jawi spelling راتو, plural ratu-ratu, informal 1st possessive ratuku, 2nd possessive ratumu, 3rd possessive ratunya)

راتو (Jawi)
ratu-ratu (plural)
ratuku (first-person informal possessive)
ratumu (possessive second-person)
ratunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: ratu

From Old Javanese ratu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *datu. Cognate to Fijian ratu and Javanese ratu. Doublet of datuk, datu, and datung.

ratu fesyen

(figurative) A title for a female winner in beauty-based contests and others.

A queen:
(sports) The queen piece in chess.


tani

tani (Jawi spelling تاني, informal 1st possessive taniku, 2nd possessive tanimu)

تاني (Jawi)
taniku (first-person informal possessive)
tanimu (possessive second-person)

(literal) man; person - See derived terms below.

pertanian [causative passive + resultative

petani [passive

farmer; person that tends to agricultural land


berat

berat (Jawi spelling برت, informal 1st possessive beratku, 2nd possessive beratmu, 3rd possessive beratnya)

برت (Jawi)
beratku (first-person informal possessive)
beratmu (possessive second-person)
beratnya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *bərat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)bəʀəqat.


beras

beras (Jawi spelling برس, plural beras-petas, informal 1st possessive berasku, 2nd possessive berasmu, 3rd possessive berasnya)

برس (Jawi)
beras-petas (plural)
berasku (first-person informal possessive)
berasmu (possessive second-person)
berasnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: beras

→ Nias: beras

From Proto-Malayic *bəras, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀas, from Proto-Austronesian *bəʀas.


bibir

bibir (Jawi spelling بيبير, plural bibir-bibir, informal 1st possessive bibirku, 2nd possessive bibirmu, 3rd possessive bibirnya)

بيبير (Jawi)
bibir-bibir (plural)
bibirku (first-person informal possessive)
bibirmu (possessive second-person)
bibirnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: bibir


arus

arus (Jawi spelling اروس, plural arus-arus, informal 1st possessive arusku, 2nd possessive arusmu, 3rd possessive arusnya)

اروس (Jawi)
arus-arus (plural)
arusku (first-person informal possessive)
arusmu (possessive second-person)
arusnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: arus

From Proto-Malayic *harus, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaʀus.


pinggan

pinggan (Jawi spelling ڤيڠݢن, plural pinggan-pinggan, informal 1st possessive pingganku, 2nd possessive pingganmu, 3rd possessive pinggannya)

ڤيڠݢن (Jawi)
pinggan-pinggan (plural)
pingganku (first-person informal possessive)
pingganmu (possessive second-person)
pinggannya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: pinggan

→ Bikol Central: pinggan

→ Brunei Malay: pinggan

→ Burmese: ပန်းကန် (pan:kan)

→ Cebuano: pinggan (“chinaware”)

→ Mapun: pinggan (“bowl”)

→ Old Javanese: piṅgan

Javanese: ꦥꦶꦁꦒꦤ꧀ (pinggan, “plate”)

→ Rade: mngan (“large bowl”)

→ Tagalog: pinggan

→ Waray-Waray: pinggan

Borrowed from Tamil பீங்கான் (pīṅkāṉ, “ceramic”), ultimately from Classical Persian پنگان (pingān, “cup; bowl”). See also reborrowed term in modern Persian, فنجان (fenjân) (compare Cebuano pinggan (“chinaware”)).

der

sepinggan nasi goreng

seperti pinggan dengan mangkuk, salah sedikit hendak berhantuk


cacat

ms-noun

cacat (Jawi spelling چاچت, plural cacat-cacat, informal 1st possessive cacatku, 2nd possessive cacatmu, 3rd possessive cacatnya)

چاچت (Jawi)
cacat-cacat (plural)
cacatku (first-person informal possessive)
cacatmu (possessive second-person)
cacatnya (possessive third-person)


putra

putra (plural putra-putra, informal 1st possessive putraku, 2nd possessive putramu, 3rd possessive putranya)

putra-putra (plural)
putraku (first-person informal possessive)
putramu (possessive second-person)
putranya (possessive third-person)


ardi

ardi (Jawi spelling ارض or اردي, plural ardi-ardi, informal 1st possessive ardiku, 2nd possessive ardimu, 3rd possessive ardinya)

ارض (Jawi)
اردي (Jawi)
ardi-ardi (plural)
ardiku (first-person informal possessive)
ardimu (possessive second-person)
ardinya (possessive third-person)


kuku

kuku (Jawi spelling کوکو, plural kuku-kuku, informal 1st possessive kukuku, 2nd possessive kukumu, 3rd possessive kukunya)

کوکو (Jawi)
kuku-kuku (plural)
kukuku (first-person informal possessive)
kukumu (possessive second-person)
kukunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: kuku

From Proto-Malayic *kuku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kukuh, from Proto-Austronesian *kuSkuS.


ina

ina (Jawi spelling اينا, plural ina-ina, informal 1st possessive inaku, 2nd possessive inamu, 3rd possessive inanya)

اينا (Jawi)
ina-ina (plural)
inaku (first-person informal possessive)
inamu (possessive second-person)
inanya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: ina (rare)

From Proto-Malayic *ina, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *ina, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *ina, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.

mother (female (human) who parents a child, gives birth to a baby, or is pregnant)


lubang

lubang (Jawi spelling لوبڠ, plural lubang-lubang, informal 1st possessive lubangku, 2nd possessive lubangmu, 3rd possessive lubangnya)

لوبڠ (Jawi)
lubang-lubang (plural)
lubangku (first-person informal possessive)
lubangmu (possessive second-person)
lubangnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: lubang

→ English: lobang

From Proto-Malayic *lubaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lubaŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *lubaŋ (“burial pit”). Doublet of lowong and luang.

der

hole, hollow, orifice, perforation (opening in a solid):

(physics) in semiconductors, a lack of an electron in an occupied band behaving like a positively charged particle.

lubang pohon


wangkang

ms-noun

wangkang (Jawi spelling وڠکڠ, plural wangkang-wangkang, informal 1st possessive wangkangku, 2nd possessive wangkangmu, 3rd possessive wangkangnya)

وڠکڠ (Jawi)
wangkang-wangkang (plural)
wangkangku (first-person informal possessive)
wangkangmu (possessive second-person)
wangkangnya (possessive third-person)


perahu

perahu (Jawi spelling ڤراهو, plural perahu-perahu, informal 1st possessive perahuku, 2nd possessive perahumu, 3rd possessive perahunya)

ڤراهو (Jawi)
perahu-perahu (plural)
perahuku (first-person informal possessive)
perahumu (possessive second-person)
perahunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: perahu

→ Min Nan: 婆荖 (pô͘-láu)

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *pArahu (compare Indonesian perahu), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paʀaqu (compare Tongan folau).


buluh

buluh (Jawi spelling بولوه, plural buluh-buluh, informal 1st possessive buluhku, 2nd possessive buluhmu, 3rd possessive buluhnya)

بولوه (Jawi)
buluh-buluh (plural)
buluhku (first-person informal possessive)
buluhmu (possessive second-person)
buluhnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: buluh

From Proto-Malayic *buluh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buluq, from Proto-Austronesian *buluq.
First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (vuluḥ)


guruh

From kuruh, from Proto-Malayic *kuruh (compare Indonesian guruh), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kuʀuq (compare Chamorro hulu, Fijian kuru).


kain

kain (Jawi spelling کاءين, plural kain-kain, informal 1st possessive kainku, 2nd possessive kainmu, 3rd possessive kainnya)

کاءين (Jawi)
kain-kain (plural)
kainku (first-person informal possessive)
kainmu (possessive second-person)
kainnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: kain

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kain (“woman's skirt”).


penyu

ms-noun

penyu (Jawi spelling ڤڽو, plural penyu-penyu, informal 1st possessive penyuku, 2nd possessive penyumu, 3rd possessive penyunya)

ڤڽو (Jawi)
penyu-penyu (plural)
penyuku (first-person informal possessive)
penyumu (possessive second-person)
penyunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: penyu

From Proto-Malayic *pəñu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pəñu, from Proto-Austronesian *pəñu. Cognate with Brunei Malay panyu, and Pattani Malay and Terengganu Malay piyung.

cog

sea turtle (any turtle that inhabits oceans)


lumut

ms-noun

lumut (Jawi spelling لوموت, plural lumut-lumut, informal 1st possessive lumutku, 2nd possessive lumutmu, 3rd possessive lumutnya)

لوموت (Jawi)
lumut-lumut (plural)
lumutku (first-person informal possessive)
lumutmu (possessive second-person)
lumutnya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *lumut, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *lumut, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *lumut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lumut.


mutu

mutu (Jawi spelling موتو, plural mutu-mutu, informal 1st possessive mutuku, 2nd possessive mutumu, 3rd possessive mutunya)

موتو (Jawi)
mutu-mutu (plural)
mutuku (first-person informal possessive)
mutumu (possessive second-person)
mutunya (possessive third-person)

Probably from Tamil முது (mutu, “vast knowledge”).


hidung

hidung (Jawi spelling هيدوڠ, plural hidung-hidung, informal 1st possessive hidungku, 2nd possessive hidungmu, 3rd possessive hidungnya)

هيدوڠ (Jawi)
hidung-hidung (plural)
hidungku (first-person informal possessive)
hidungmu (possessive second-person)
hidungnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: hidung

From Proto-Malayic *hiduŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ijuŋ, *ujuŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *mujiŋ.


taci

taci (Jawi spelling تاچي, plural taci-taci, informal 1st possessive taciku, 2nd possessive tacimu, 3rd possessive tacinya)

تاچي (Jawi)
taci-taci (plural)
taciku (first-person informal possessive)
tacimu (possessive second-person)
tacinya (possessive third-person)


nanah

nanah (Jawi spelling نانه, plural nanah-nanah, informal 1st possessive nanahku, 2nd possessive nanahmu, 3rd possessive nanahnya)

نانه (Jawi)
nanah-nanah (plural)
nanahku (first-person informal possessive)
nanahmu (possessive second-person)
nanahnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: nanah

From Proto-Malayic *nanah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nanaq, from Proto-Austronesian *naNaq.

pus (fluid found in regions of infection)

pernanahan [causative passive + resultative


dahi

dahi (Jawi spelling داهي, plural dahi-dahi, informal 1st possessive dahiku, 2nd possessive dahimu, 3rd possessive dahinya)

داهي (Jawi)
dahi-dahi (plural)
dahiku (first-person informal possessive)
dahimu (possessive second-person)
dahinya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: dahi

From Proto-Malayic *dahi, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daqih, from Proto-Austronesian *daqiS. Cognate with Kavalan zais (“face”), Paiwan djaqis (“forehead”), Eastern Cham ꨖꨬ (dhei, “forehead”), Chamorro ha'i, Hawaiian lae.

(anatomy) forehead (part of face above eyebrows)