See -em- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"inherited"
],
"word": "-em-"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*-əm-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayic/-əm-"
],
[
"*-um-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/-um-"
],
[
"*-um-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Austronesian/-um-"
],
[
"meng-",
"meng-#Malay"
],
[
"di-",
"di-#Malay"
],
[
"-in-",
"-in-#Malay"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "1",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "i",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inherited"
},
"expansion": "inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-mly-pro",
"3": "*-əm-",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayic *-əm-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-mly-pro",
"3": "*-əm-",
"nocap": "1"
},
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"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*-um-"
},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*-um-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *-um-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "meng-",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "doublet of meng-",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from inherited from Proto-Malayic *-əm-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-um-, from Proto-Austronesian *-um- with semantic developement. Probably doublet of meng-. See di-, and -in- for similar theories.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "infix"
},
"expansion": "-em-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "infix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 23 27 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 23 27 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 23 27 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "52 48",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "60 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay unproductive infixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "gunung → gemunung"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form a numeral (set, many, or various)."
],
"id": "en--em--ms-infix-nXxMn7wR",
"links": [
[
"numeral",
"numeral"
],
[
"various",
"various"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 23 27 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 23 27 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 23 27 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay infixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "gerlap → gemerlap"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form an adjective (repeatedly or continuously)."
],
"id": "en--em--ms-infix-IHjZJmZd",
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective"
],
[
"repeatedly",
"repeatedly"
],
[
"continuously",
"continuously"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əm/"
}
],
"word": "-em-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Malay doublets",
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay infixes",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay terms derived from Proto-Austronesian",
"Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayic",
"Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Malay terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian",
"Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayic",
"Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Malay unproductive infixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"inherited"
],
"word": "-em-"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*-əm-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayic/-əm-"
],
[
"*-um-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/-um-"
],
[
"*-um-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Austronesian/-um-"
],
[
"meng-",
"meng-#Malay"
],
[
"di-",
"di-#Malay"
],
[
"-in-",
"-in-#Malay"
]
],
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"id": "",
"lit": "",
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"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayic *-əm-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "poz-mly-pro",
"3": "*-əm-",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "inherited from Proto-Malayic *-əm-",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*-um-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-um-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
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"3": "*-um-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *-um-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
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"2": "meng-",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "doublet of meng-",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from inherited from Proto-Malayic *-əm-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-um-, from Proto-Austronesian *-um- with semantic developement. Probably doublet of meng-. See di-, and -in- for similar theories.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "infix"
},
"expansion": "-em-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "infix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "gunung → gemunung"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form a numeral (set, many, or various)."
],
"links": [
[
"numeral",
"numeral"
],
[
"various",
"various"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "gerlap → gemerlap"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form an adjective (repeatedly or continuously)."
],
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective"
],
[
"repeatedly",
"repeatedly"
],
[
"continuously",
"continuously"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əm/"
}
],
"word": "-em-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -em- meaning in Malay (2.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Malay dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (19f9a30 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.