harga

harga (Jawi spelling هرݢ, plural harga-harga, informal 1st possessive hargaku, 2nd possessive hargamu, 3rd possessive harganya)

هرݢ (Jawi)
harga-harga (plural)
hargaku (first-person informal possessive)
hargamu (possessive second-person)
harganya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: harga

→ Bikol Central: halaga

→ Iban: rega

→ Lao: ລາຄາ (lā khā)

→ Maguindanao: arga

→ Tagalog: halaga

→ Tausug: halga'

→ Thai: ราคา (raa-kaa)

→ Waray-Waray: halaga

Borrowed from Sanskrit अर्घ (argha). Doublet of rega.

menghargakan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

menghargai [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dihargakan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

dihargai [patient focus + causative benefactive]

terhargakan [agentless action + causative benefactive]

terhargai [agentless action + causative benefactive]


bapak

ms-noun

bapak (Jawi spelling باڤق, plural bapak-bapak, informal 1st possessive bapakku, 2nd possessive bapakmu, 3rd possessive bapaknya)

باڤق (Jawi)
bapak-bapak (plural)
bapakku (first-person informal possessive)
bapakmu (possessive second-person)
bapaknya (possessive third-person)

Variant of bapa, from Old Javanese bapa, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *appa. Doublet of bapa. Hoogervorst mentioned that the word was affixed as *ba- (“someone who fulfils the function of or behaves like”) + apak (“father”), which is cognate of Tamil அப்பா (appā, “father”), and comparable to modern ber- + apak. See also Ashokan Prakrit *𑀩𑀸𑀧𑁆𑀧 (*bāppa, “father”).


bapak

Bapak laju kereta tu!


cacing

ms-noun

cacing (Jawi spelling چاچيڠ, plural cacing-cacing, informal 1st possessive cacingku, 2nd possessive cacingmu, 3rd possessive cacingnya)

چاچيڠ (Jawi)
cacing-cacing (plural)
cacingku (first-person informal possessive)
cacingmu (possessive second-person)
cacingnya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *caciŋ (“kind of worm”).


antologi

From English anthology, from Ancient Greek ἀνθολογία (anthología, “collection of flowers”).

der

anthology (collection of literary works)


tinggal

> Indonesian: tinggal (inherited)

Aku tertinggal fon aku kat rumah nenek aku.

I accidentally left my phone at my granny's house.

.ساي تيڠڬل د راوڠ

to live; to make one's home at a particular place


busuk

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *busuk (“decayed, rotten, putrid; stinking”). Cognate with Javanese bosok.


bukan

Ini bukan saya punya.

Barang ini bukan untuk dijual.

Cantik bukan baju ini?


amuk

desctree

→ Dutch: amok
→ Danish: amok (or through English amok)

Indonesian: amuk

→ Japanese: アモック (amokku)

→ Korean: 아묵 (amuk)

→ Portuguese: amouco

→ English: amok
→ Cebuano: amok
→ Czech: amok
→ Danish: amok (or directly from Dutch amok)
→ Finnish: amok
→ German: Amok
→ Hebrew: אמוק (ámok)
→ Polish: amok
→ Norwegian: amok
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: амок
Latin script: amok
→ Swedish: amok

From Proto-Malayic *amuk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hamuk. Cognate with Tagalog hamok and Maori amo.


buruk

→ Cebuano: bulok

→ Tagalog: bulok

Indonesian: buruk

From Proto-Malayic *buruk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buʀuk, from Proto-Austronesian *buʀuk (“rotten; bad character”).

inh

seburuk-buruk [reduplication + comparability]

memburukkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

diburukkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

memperburukkan [causative agent focus + causative benefactive]

diperburukkan [causative passive focus + causative benefactive]


kaula

(Javanese, possibly obsolete) I (me, my)


bagus

From Proto-Malayic *bagus, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *bagus, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *bagus.

handsome (of man: agreeable to the eye or to correct taste)

good (acting in the interest of good; ethical (good intentions))

good (useful for a particular purpose (it’s a good watch))

good (of food, edible; not stale or rotten)

good (of food, having a particularly pleasant taste)


cuci

From Tamil சுசி (cuci, “cleanliness purity, ceremonial purification”), from Pali suci (“clean, pure”), from Sanskrit शुचि (śuci, “clean, pure”). Doublet of suci.


acara

ms-noun

acara (Jawi spelling اچارا, plural acara-acara, informal 1st possessive acaraku, 2nd possessive acaramu, 3rd possessive acaranya)

اچارا (Jawi)
acara-acara (plural)
acaraku (first-person informal possessive)
acaramu (possessive second-person)
acaranya (possessive third-person)

From Sanskrit आचार (ācāra), from the root चर् (car), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to move; to turn (around)”).
* The sense of procedure (law) is a semantic loan from Indonesian acara (“court examination”).

sl

event (occurrence of social or personal importance)

Kanun Acara Jenayah


daku

Variant of aku, from Proto-Malayic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

kau-

informal/towards God; friendly/older towards younger


besi

ms-noun

besi (Jawi spelling بسي, informal 1st possessive besiku, 2nd possessive besimu, 3rd possessive besinya)

بسي (Jawi)
besiku (first-person informal possessive)
besimu (possessive second-person)
besinya (possessive third-person)

→ Dairi Batak: besi

→ Karo Batak: besi

→ Toba Batak: bosi / ᯅᯬᯘᯪ

→ Bau Bidayuh: bosi

→ Bilba: besi

→ Bima: βesi

→ Buginese: bessi

Indonesian: besi

→ Old Javanese: wesi

Javanese: ꦮꦼꦱꦶ (wesi)

→ Kambera: báhi

→ Komodo: besi

→ Makasar: bassi

→ Malagasy: vy

→ Mandar: bassi

→ Manggarai: besi

→ Ngaju: wasi

→ Rejang: besey

→ Rembong: besi

→ Sundanese: ᮘᮩᮞᮤ (beusi)

→ Tae': bassi

→ Tausug: basi'

→ Tetum: besi

From Proto-Malayic *bəsi, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *bəsi.

(physics, chemistry, metallurgy) iron (element)


member

member (Jawi spelling ميمبر, plural member-member, informal 1st possessive memberku, 2nd possessive membermu, 3rd possessive membernya)

ميمبر (Jawi)
member-member (plural)
memberku (first-person informal possessive)
membermu (possessive second-person)
membernya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from English member, from Middle English membre, from Old French membre, from Latin membrum (“limb, body part”), from Proto-Italic *memzrom, from Proto-Indo-European *mḗms, *mēms-rom (“flesh”).

der

Member ajak lepak jap.

A friend invited me to hang out for a bit.


barat

ms-noun

barat (Jawi spelling بارت, informal 1st possessive baratku, 2nd possessive baratmu, 3rd possessive baratnya)

بارت (Jawi)
baratku (first-person informal possessive)
baratmu (possessive second-person)
baratnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: barat

→ Central Melanau: barat

→ West Coast Bajau: barat

From Proto-Malayic *barat, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *habaʀat, from Proto-Austronesian *Sabaʀat.

The western world (usually written capitalized):

(politics) Western Europe and the United States.

orang barat

(Pahang, Kelantan) The state of Kelantan.


catur

From Sanskrit चतुर् (catur), from Proto-Indo-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres.


catur

catur (Jawi spelling چاتور, informal 1st possessive caturku, 2nd possessive caturmu, 3rd possessive caturnya)

چاتور (Jawi)
caturku (first-person informal possessive)
caturmu (possessive second-person)
caturnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: catur

→ Maguindanao: satol

→ Maranao: sator

→ Tagalog: satol

→ Tausug: sattul

From Sanskrit चतुरङ्ग (caturaṅga), related to etymology 1.


kamu

From Proto-Malayic *kamu(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kamu, *kamiu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kamu, *kamiu.
First attested in the Telaga Batu inscription, 683 CE, as Old Malay [script needed] (kamu).


bagi

Clipping of bahagi, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baqagi (“share, portion, inheritance; to allot, divide property”).

inh

Ayah bagi aku pinjam motor dia pusing jalan-jalan, kau nak ikut tak?

Dad's letting me borrow his bike for a spin, wanna come along?


cuti

ms-noun

cuti (Jawi spelling چوتي, plural cuti-cuti, informal 1st possessive cutiku, 2nd possessive cutimu, 3rd possessive cutinya)

چوتي (Jawi)
cuti-cuti (plural)
cutiku (first-person informal possessive)
cutimu (possessive second-person)
cutinya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: cuti

From Hindi छुट्टी (chuṭṭī, “release; leave; holiday, vacation; break”).


mahal

Indonesian: mahal (“expensive”)

desctree

→ Tagalog: mahal (“dear, precious; expensive”)
→ Bikol Central: mahal (“dear, expensive”)
→ Cebuano: mahal (“dear, expensive”)

→ Waray-Waray: mahál (“expensive”)


kaki

ms-noun

kaki (Jawi spelling کاکي, plural kaki-kaki, informal 1st possessive kakiku, 2nd possessive kakimu, 3rd possessive kakinya)

کاکي (Jawi)
kaki-kaki (plural)
kakiku (first-person informal possessive)
kakimu (possessive second-person)
kakinya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *kaki from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaqay (compare Cia-Cia 까께 (kkakke)), from Proto-Austronesian *qaqay. Change from *q to *k is irregular, the expected reflex would be *hahai or *hahi.

gelang kaki: anklet

mata kaki: ankle

kaki meja: table leg

a short foot-like projection on the bottom of an object to support it.

kaki langit: horizon

kaki gunung: base of a mountain

kaki dadih: whey

kaki wayang: cinephile

kaki botol: drunkard

(in compounds) person with an affinity to something


kaki

ms-classifier

kaki (Jawi spelling کاکي, singular sekaki)

Indonesian: kaki

→ Acehnese: gaki

→ Banjarese: kaki

→ Min Nan: 腳距／脚距 (kioh-kī)

Classifier for items with a long base and a blooming or rising head such as flowers, umbrellas or mushrooms


kaki

ms-noun

kaki (plural kaki-kaki, informal 1st possessive kakiku, 2nd possessive kakimu, 3rd possessive kakinya)

kaki-kaki (plural)
kakiku (first-person informal possessive)
kakimu (possessive second-person)
kakinya (possessive third-person)

Diospyros kaki
Diospyros kaki#Translingual

Ellipsis of pisang kaki — persimmon, more specifically the Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki).


datar

Indonesian: datar

From Proto-Malayic *datar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dataʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *dataʀ. Doublet of rata.


baca

Indonesian: baca

→ Cebuano: basa

→ Hiligaynon: bása

→ Ilocano: bása

→ Minangkabau: baco

→ Sundanese: ᮘᮎ (baca)

→ Tagalog: basa

→ Urak Lawoi': บาจา (baca)


مسجد

مسجد (plural مسجد-مسجد or مسجد۲, informal 1st possessive مسجدکو, 2nd possessive مسجدمو, 3rd possessive مسجدڽ)

مسجد-مسجد (plural)
مسجد۲ (plural)
مسجدکو (first-person informal possessive)
مسجدمو (possessive second-person)
مسجدڽ (possessive third-person)


abang

abang (Jawi spelling ابڠ, plural abang-abang, informal 1st possessive abangku, 2nd possessive abangmu, 3rd possessive abangnya)

ابڠ (Jawi)
abang-abang (plural)
abangku (first-person informal possessive)
abangmu (possessive second-person)
abangnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: abang

→ Min Nan: 阿班 (a-pan)

→ Thai: บัง (bang)

From Classical Malay ابڠ (abang), from Old Malay habaŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *abaŋ (*aba + *-ŋ), *aba (“father”).

a form of address to a male that a little older than oneself, but sometimes also to an elder son.

a form of address used by a wife to a husband.


yg

(text messaging) Abbreviation of yang (“which”).


atas

Indonesian: atas

→ English: atas

From Proto-Malayic *atas, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *atas (compare Tagalog taas), from Proto-Austronesian *aCas.

mengatasi [agent focus + causative benefactive]

mengataskan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

Kami mengucapkan terima kasih atas kerjasama anda.

We would like to express our gratitude for your cooperation.

Dia tidak dapat menyertai pertandingan atas masalah kesihatan.

He cannot participate in the competition due to health issues.


bicara

Indonesian: bicara

From Sanskrit विचार (vicāra, “thought, discussion”). From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian (compare Buginese ᨅᨗᨌᨑ (bicara), Indonesian bicara).


حمار

ms-noun

حمار (plural حمار-حمار or حمار۲, informal 1st possessive حمارکو, 2nd possessive حمارمو, 3rd possessive حمارڽ)

حمار-حمار (plural)
حمار۲ (plural)
حمارکو (first-person informal possessive)
حمارمو (possessive second-person)
حمارڽ (possessive third-person)


anti-

From Dutch anti-, from Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”).

Antikomunisme

Anti-Amerika


tera

tera (Jawi spelling ترا, plural tera-tera, informal 1st possessive teraku, 2nd possessive teramu, 3rd possessive teranya)

ترا (Jawi)
tera-tera (plural)
teraku (first-person informal possessive)
teramu (possessive second-person)
teranya (possessive third-person)

Tera rasmi kerajaan


bi-

bi- + adab (“manners”) → biadab (“impolite”)

-less; prefix expressing the lack of the root word.


bi-

bienial


siapa

Indonesian: siapa

From Proto-Malayic *si-apa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian [Term?]. Compare with Pangasinan siopa).

Siapa itu?

Ini baju siapa?

Siapa nama kamu?

Nama budak tu siapa?

what (when enquiring about someone's name)


obor

obor (Jawi spelling اوبور, plural obor-obor, informal 1st possessive oborku, 2nd possessive obormu, 3rd possessive obornya)

اوبور (Jawi)
obor-obor (plural)
oborku (first-person informal possessive)
obormu (possessive second-person)
obornya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: obor


anak

anak (Jawi spelling انق, plural anak-anak, informal 1st possessive anakku, 2nd possessive anakmu, 3rd possessive anaknya)

انق (Jawi)
anak-anak (plural)
anakku (first-person informal possessive)
anakmu (possessive second-person)
anaknya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: anak

From Classical Malay انق (anak), from Proto-Malayic *anak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *anak, from Proto-Austronesian *aNak.

child (a female or male child, a daughter or son)


lok

From Javanese ꦭꦸꦏ꧀ (luk), from Old Javanese eluk.

crooked (having one or more bends or angles)


شمس

شمس (plural شمس-شمس or شمس۲, informal 1st possessive شمسکو, 2nd possessive شمسمو, 3rd possessive شمسڽ)

شمس-شمس (plural)
شمس۲ (plural)
شمسکو (first-person informal possessive)
شمسمو (possessive second-person)
شمسڽ (possessive third-person)


apa

From Proto-Malayic *apa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *apa (compare Maori aha).

Apa, itu jawapan yang betul?

What:
An expression of surprise or disbelief.

Apa? Aku ada hal lain lah.

What? I have other business to attend to.

What do you want? An abrupt, usually unfriendly enquiry as to what a person desires.

— Saya nak yang eerrrrrr mmmm ...
— Apa?
— I want the eerrrrrr mmmm ...
— What?

What did you say? I beg your pardon? This usage is often considered impolite, with the more polite "Maaf?" or "Sori?" preferred.

Dia, apa, doktor, kan?

Indicating a guess or approximation, or a pause to try to recall information.


apa

head

apa (Jawi spelling اڤ, formal interrogative form apakah)

اڤ (Jawi)
form apakah (formal interrogative)

Apa warna kegemaran kamu?

(interrogative) Used as an interrogative pronoun.

Aku tak dengar apa dia cakap.

What:
(relative) Used as a relative pronoun.

Apa kereta itu mahal?

Is that car expensive? (lit, "Is it the case that that car is expensive?"

(interrogative) Used to inquire about a fact; "is it the case that…", "is it that….


apa

Indonesian: apa

→ Min Nan: 啊吧 (a-pā)

Ya apa tidak?


و

The thirtieth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Arabic script.


liter

From English litre, liter, from French litre, from Medieval Latin litra, from Ancient Greek λίτρα (lítra, “a Sicilian coin, a measure of weight”). Related to Latin libra.

der

The metric unit of fluid measure, equal to one cubic decimetre; litre, liter.


anda

From Indonesian Anda, from -anda, from -nda, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *handa. Cognate with Malagasy ianao.

Anda siapa?


carta

ms-noun

carta (Jawi spelling چرتا, plural carta-carta, informal 1st possessive cartaku, 2nd possessive cartamu, 3rd possessive cartanya)

چرتا (Jawi)
carta-carta (plural)
cartaku (first-person informal possessive)
cartamu (possessive second-person)
cartanya (possessive third-person)

From English chart, from Middle French charte (“card, map”), from Late Latin charta (“paper, card, map”), Latin charta (“papyrus, writing”), from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs, “papyrus, thin sheet”). Doublet of kad and kertas.


keluar

Keluar sekarang!


Praha

Prague (the capital city of the Czech Republic)


seba

Borrowed from Javanese ꦱꦺꦧ (séba, “to pay homage”)


dan

Indonesian: dan

and (used to connect two similar words, phrases, et cetera)


peta

ms-noun

peta (Jawi spelling ڤتا, plural peta-peta, informal 1st possessive petaku, 2nd possessive petamu, 3rd possessive petanya)

ڤتا (Jawi)
peta-peta (plural)
petaku (first-person informal possessive)
petamu (possessive second-person)
petanya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: peta

Possibly from Sanskrit भूपट (bhūpaṭa, “map”) as भू (bhū, “earth”) + पट (paṭa, “garment”). Similar construction in Latin mappa mundī (“map”), compound of mappa (“napkin, cloth”) + mundus (“world”).

compound

perpetaan [causative passive + resultative

memetakan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dipetakan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


duda

ms-noun

duda (Jawi spelling دودا, plural duda-duda, informal 1st possessive dudaku, 2nd possessive dudamu, 3rd possessive dudanya)

دودا (Jawi)
duda-duda (plural)
dudaku (first-person informal possessive)
dudamu (possessive second-person)
dudanya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: duda

widower; a man who has lost his wife whether by divorce or through her death


peha

peha (plural peha-peha, informal 1st possessive pehaku, 2nd possessive pehamu, 3rd possessive pehanya)

peha-peha (plural)
pehaku (first-person informal possessive)
pehamu (possessive second-person)
pehanya (possessive third-person)

(nonstandard) Alternative spelling of paha(Jawi spelling ڤاه)


de-

From English de-, from Latin dē (“of, from”).

deaktifkan

(obsolete) de- (reversal, undoing or removing)


dos

dos (Jawi spelling دوس, plural dos-dos, informal 1st possessive dosku, 2nd possessive dosmu, 3rd possessive dosnya)

دوس (Jawi)
dos-dos (plural)
dosku (first-person informal possessive)
dosmu (possessive second-person)
dosnya (possessive third-person)


dos

dos (plural dos-dos, informal 1st possessive dosku, 2nd possessive dosmu, 3rd possessive dosnya)

dos-dos (plural)
dosku (first-person informal possessive)
dosmu (possessive second-person)
dosnya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch doos, from Middle Dutch dose (since 1361), probably from Latin dosis (“the small box in which a dose of medication was given”).


PDB

Polis Diraja Brunei
w:ms:Polis Diraja Brunei

(Brunei, law enforcement) Initialism of Polis Diraja Brunei (“Royal Brunei Police Force”)


koran

ms-noun

koran (Jawi spelling کورن, plural koran-koran, informal 1st possessive koranku, 2nd possessive koranmu, 3rd possessive korannya)

کورن (Jawi)
koran-koran (plural)
koranku (first-person informal possessive)
koranmu (possessive second-person)
korannya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch courant (current spelling is krant), from French courant (“current”), from Old French corant, possibly corresponding to Latin currens, currentem. Cognate of Afrikaans koerant, Papiamentu korant. First attested directly as courant in the Kitab Vortaro in 1923.

(limited, in Indonesia incl. Riau) newspaper


gamer

gamer (Jawi spelling ݢامر, informal 1st possessive gamerku, 2nd possessive gamermu, 3rd possessive gamernya)

ݢامر (Jawi)
gamerku (first-person informal possessive)
gamermu (possessive second-person)
gamernya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian, from Proto-Austronesian.

feeling hesitant or anxious to make something, usually because of shame.


di-

head

di- (Jawi spelling before consonant-initial stems د-, Jawi spelling before vowel-initial stems دأ-)

before consonant-initial stems د- (Jawi)
before vowel-initial stems دأ- (Jawi)

From Late Old Malay ni-, from Early Old Malay ni-, from Proto-Malayic *ni-, a metathesis of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-in-, from Proto-Austronesian *-in- (“verb perfective infix for object focus”). Doublet of -in-.

inh

di- + buka (“to open”) → dibuka (“was opened”)

Pintu itu dibuka (oleh) ayah.

(third person) Patient focus or passive voice marker of a verb.


kala

ms-noun

kala (Jawi spelling کالا, plural kala-kala, informal 1st possessive kalaku, 2nd possessive kalamu, 3rd possessive kalanya)

کالا (Jawi)
kala-kala (plural)
kalaku (first-person informal possessive)
kalamu (possessive second-person)
kalanya (possessive third-person)

time (time of day, as indicated by a clock, etc)

time (measurement under some system of the time of day or moment in time)

time (numerical indication of a particular moment in time)


di

head

di (Jawi spelling before consonant-initial words د, Jawi spelling before vowel-initial words دأ)

before consonant-initial words د (Jawi)
before vowel-initial words دأ (Jawi)

First attested in the Kedukan Bukit inscription, 683AD. From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *di, *i, from Proto-Austronesian *di, *i.

di Kuala Lumpur

di sungai

di jalan


di

The name of the Latin-script letter D/d.


mengapa

Indonesian: mengapa

meng- + apa, from Proto-Malayic *mAŋ-apa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maŋ-apa.

"معاڡا كامو كمارى دں ٮىدک ٮرٮاع ٮرساما ٮماں-ٮمٮمو؟…"

Why have you returned, instead of flying with your peers?

“... Mengapa kau kemari dan tidak terbang bersama teman-temanmu?”


paha

ms-noun

paha (Jawi spelling ڤها, plural paha-paha, informal 1st possessive pahaku, 2nd possessive pahamu, 3rd possessive pahanya)

ڤها (Jawi)
paha-paha (plural)
pahaku (first-person informal possessive)
pahamu (possessive second-person)
pahanya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: paha

From Proto-Malayic *paha(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paqa, from Proto-Austronesian *paqa (“thigh”). Cognate with Tagalog paa (“foot”).

Paha ayam

Paha manusia


paha

(archaic, mathematics) a fourth, a quarter


paha

a type of bird; Dicrurus aeneus malayensis


kenapa

Blend of kena (“to affect”) + apa (“what”).

blend

Kenapa kau begitu degil?

“Doktor, tapak tangan saya berpeluh banyak sangat sampai tidak boleh buat kerja. Kenapa boleh jadi begitu?”

2018 December 27, “Kenapa tapak tangan selalu basah, berpeluh? [Why are palms always wet and sweaty?]”, in Media Permata, archived from the original on 2018-12-28:

"Doctor, my palms sweat too much until I cannot do work. Why could this have happened?


keluarga

ms-noun

keluarga (Jawi spelling کلوارݢ, plural keluarga-keluarga, informal 1st possessive keluargaku, 2nd possessive keluargamu, 3rd possessive keluarganya)

کلوارݢ (Jawi)
keluarga-keluarga (plural)
keluargaku (first-person informal possessive)
keluargamu (possessive second-person)
keluarganya (possessive third-person)

> Indonesian: keluarga (inherited)

Compound of Sanskrit कुल (kula, “family; clan; lineage”) + वर्ग (varga, “class; clan; family”), probably via Javanese ꦏꦸꦭꦮꦂꦒ (kulawarga). Compare to ꦏꦮꦸꦭꦮꦂꦒ (kawulawarga).

der

family (father, mother and their sons and daughters)

family (group of people related by blood, marriage, law, or custom)

Keluarga saya bercuti ke Jepun.

(biology, taxonomy) family, organism class category ranking below order and above genus


atap

ms-noun

atap (Jawi spelling اتڤ, plural atap-atap, informal 1st possessive atapku, 2nd possessive atapmu, 3rd possessive atapnya)

اتڤ (Jawi)
atap-atap (plural)
atapku (first-person informal possessive)
atapmu (possessive second-person)
atapnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: atap

→ English: attap

→ Min Nan: 亞答／亚答 (a-tap, “thatched roof”)

From Proto-Malayic *hatəp, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatəp.

roof (the cover at the top of a building)


اسم

اسم (plural اسم-اسم or اسم۲, informal 1st possessive اسمکو, 2nd possessive اسممو, 3rd possessive اسمڽ)

اسم-اسم (plural)
اسم۲ (plural)
اسمکو (first-person informal possessive)
اسممو (possessive second-person)
اسمڽ (possessive third-person)


kakak

kakak (Jawi spelling کاکق, plural kakak-kakak, informal 1st possessive kakakku, 2nd possessive kakakmu, 3rd possessive kakaknya)

کاکق (Jawi)
kakak-kakak (plural)
kakakku (first-person informal possessive)
kakakmu (possessive second-person)
kakaknya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *kakaʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaka, from Proto-Austronesian *kaka.

sister (older woman or girl having the same parents)

(rare) sibling (older person who shares same parents)

term of address for a female acquaintance who is a bit older


نام

نام (plural نام-نام or نام۲, informal 1st possessive نامکو, 2nd possessive ناممو, 3rd possessive نامڽ)

نام-نام (plural)
نام۲ (plural)
نامکو (first-person informal possessive)
ناممو (possessive second-person)
نامڽ (possessive third-person)


tsunami

tsunami (Jawi spelling تسونامي, plural tsunami-tsunami, informal 1st possessive tsunamiku, 2nd possessive tsunamimu, 3rd possessive tsunaminya)

تسونامي (Jawi)
tsunami-tsunami (plural)
tsunamiku (first-person informal possessive)
tsunamimu (possessive second-person)
tsunaminya (possessive third-person)


awan

awan (Jawi spelling اون, plural awan-awan, informal 1st possessive awanku, 2nd possessive awanmu, 3rd possessive awannya)

اون (Jawi)
awan-awan (plural)
awanku (first-person informal possessive)
awanmu (possessive second-person)
awannya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: awan

From Proto-Malayic *awan, *a(bw)an, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *awan, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *awan, from Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hawan.

Dia mengingini sungai yang sejuk, jernih,
merindui awan tenang yang paling putih

2005 [1997 July 5], A. Samad Said, A. Samad Said: Sebuah antologi puisi yang menghimpunkan karya-karya selama setengah abad [A. Samad Said: An anthology of poems assembled from works spanning half a century], Utusan Publications, Memanggil Tun Teja (Poem No. 157), page 303:

He yearns for a river that is cold and clear,
misses a calm cloud that is the most white.

cloud (visible mass of water droplets suspended in the air)


tong

tong (plural tong-tong, informal 1st possessive tongku, 2nd possessive tongmu, 3rd possessive tongnya)

tong-tong (plural)
tongku (first-person informal possessive)
tongmu (possessive second-person)
tongnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: tong


aer

aer (informal 1st possessive aerku, 2nd possessive aermu, 3rd possessive aernya)

aerku (first-person informal possessive)
aermu (possessive second-person)
aernya (possessive third-person)

(Medan) alternative spelling of air (“water”)


Cina

Indonesian: Cina

From a phonetic transcription of Sanskrit चीन (Cīna), itself likely deriving from Old Chinese 秦 (*zin, “State of Qin, Qin dynasty”).

der

Dia fasih bercakap Cina.


asin

From Proto-Malayic *(mA-)hasin, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)qasin, from Proto-Austronesian *(ma-)qasiN.


tempe

ms-noun

tempe (Jawi spelling تيمڤي, plural tempe-tempe, informal 1st possessive tempeku, 2nd possessive tempemu, 3rd possessive tempenya)

تيمڤي (Jawi)
tempe-tempe (plural)
tempeku (first-person informal possessive)
tempemu (possessive second-person)
tempenya (possessive third-person)

Possibly from Old Javanese tumpi (a food made from starch and tempeh) or Malay tapai (“fermentation”).


bias

Related to tempias. Sense of inclination from phono-semantic matching of English bias from French biais.


bias

bias (plural bias-bias, informal 1st possessive biasku, 2nd possessive biasmu, 3rd possessive biasnya)

bias-bias (plural)
biasku (first-person informal possessive)
biasmu (possessive second-person)
biasnya (possessive third-person)

inclination towards something; predisposition, partiality, prejudice, preference, predilection.

(statistics) the difference between the expectation of the sample estimator and the true population value, which reduces the representativeness of the estimator by systematically distorting it.


program

program (Jawi spelling ڤروݢرم, plural program-program, informal 1st possessive programku, 2nd possessive programmu, 3rd possessive programnya)

ڤروݢرم (Jawi)
program-program (plural)
programku (first-person informal possessive)
programmu (possessive second-person)
programnya (possessive third-person)


zed

The name of the Latin-script letter Z/z.


Abdul

From Arabic عَبْد (ʕabd, “servant [of]”) + ال (al-, “the”).

a male given name from Arabic used by Muslims.


balai

balai (Jawi spelling بالاي, plural balai-balai, informal 1st possessive balaiku, 2nd possessive balaimu, 3rd possessive balainya)

بالاي (Jawi)
balai-balai (plural)
balaiku (first-person informal possessive)
balaimu (possessive second-person)
balainya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: balai

→ Min Nan: 貓厘／猫厘 (bâ-lî, “couch”)

From Proto-Malayic *balay, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balay, from Proto-Austronesian *balay.

hall, station, large building for public uses

(dialectal) veranda, a front part of traditional house


gong

gong (Jawi spelling ݢوڠ, plural gong-gong, informal 1st possessive gongku, 2nd possessive gongmu, 3rd possessive gongnya)

ݢوڠ (Jawi)
gong-gong (plural)
gongku (first-person informal possessive)
gongmu (possessive second-person)
gongnya (possessive third-person)

From Classical Malay [script needed] (gong), from Javanese gong.


gong

Helicia petiolaris
Helicia petiolaris#English

Xerospermum laevigatum
Xerospermum laevigatum#English


abad

abad (Jawi spelling ابد, plural abad-abad, informal 1st possessive abadku, 2nd possessive abadmu, 3rd possessive abadnya)

ابد (Jawi)
abad-abad (plural)
abadku (first-person informal possessive)
abadmu (possessive second-person)
abadnya (possessive third-person)

dua abad

abad ke-21


nama

nama (Jawi spelling نام, plural nama-nama, informal 1st possessive namaku, 2nd possessive namamu, 3rd possessive namanya)

نام (Jawi)
nama-nama (plural)
namaku (first-person informal possessive)
namamu (possessive second-person)
namanya (possessive third-person)

Ambonese Malay: nama

Indonesian: nama

From Sanskrit नामन् (nā́man) via Old Javanese, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hnā́ma, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥ (“name”). Displaced Old Malay [script needed] (ngaran) attested in the Laguna Copperplate Inscription dated 900 AD, ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ŋajan, from Proto-Austronesian *ŋajan.

name (word or phrase indicating a particular person, place, class or thing)


Abdullah

عبد الله (Jawi)


cap

From English chop (“An official stamp or seal, as in China and India”), from Indo-Aryan, either Hindi छाप (chāp), Gujarati છાપ (chāp), Bengali ছাপ (chap) all meaning stamp, seal. Doublet of cop.


mel

ms-noun

mél (Jawi spelling ميل, plural mel-mel, informal 1st possessive melku, 2nd possessive melmu, 3rd possessive melnya)

mél (canonical)
ميل (Jawi)
mel-mel (plural)
melku (first-person informal possessive)
melmu (possessive second-person)
melnya (possessive third-person)


wai

wai (Jawi spelling واي, plural wai-wai, informal 1st possessive waiku, 2nd possessive waimu, 3rd possessive wainya)

واي (Jawi)
wai-wai (plural)
waiku (first-person informal possessive)
waimu (possessive second-person)
wainya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wahiʀ. Doublet of air.

river (large stream which drains a landmass)


komputer

komputer (Jawi spelling کومڤوتر, plural komputer-komputer, informal 1st possessive komputerku, 2nd possessive komputermu, 3rd possessive komputernya)

کومڤوتر (Jawi)
komputer-komputer (plural)
komputerku (first-person informal possessive)
komputermu (possessive second-person)
komputernya (possessive third-person)


argentum

ارݢينتوم (Jawi)

Borrowed from Latin argentum, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóm, n-stem form of Proto-Indo-European *h₂erǵ-.


kondom

kondom (Jawi spelling کوندوم, plural kondom-kondom, informal 1st possessive kondomku, 2nd possessive kondommu, 3rd possessive kondomnya)

کوندوم (Jawi)
kondom-kondom (plural)
kondomku (first-person informal possessive)
kondommu (possessive second-person)
kondomnya (possessive third-person)


kot

Same word as kut, spelling reflecting the southern Malaysian pronunciation.


kot

Dia lalu kot jauh.

(informal) via (prepositioning the path taken by one to reach a destination)


telefon

From English telephone or Dutch telefoon.


jus

jus (Jawi spelling جوس, plural jus-jus, informal 1st possessive jusku, 2nd possessive jusmu, 3rd possessive jusnya)

جوس (Jawi)
jus-jus (plural)
jusku (first-person informal possessive)
jusmu (possessive second-person)
jusnya (possessive third-person)

a liquid from a plant, especially fruit.

(Indonesian)

a fluid produced by the digestive glands


tren

trén (Jawi spelling ترين, plural tren-tren, informal 1st possessive trenku, 2nd possessive trenmu, 3rd possessive trennya)

trén (canonical)
ترين (Jawi)
tren-tren (plural)
trenku (first-person informal possessive)
trenmu (possessive second-person)
trennya (possessive third-person)

From English train, from Middle English train, from Old French train, from trainer, from Vulgar Latin *traginō, from *tragō, from Latin trahō.

(transport, railway) train (line of connected cars or carriages)

Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian


din

din (Jawi spelling دين, plural din-din, informal 1st possessive dinku, 2nd possessive dinmu, 3rd possessive dinnya)

دين (Jawi)
din-din (plural)
dinku (first-person informal possessive)
dinmu (possessive second-person)
dinnya (possessive third-person)

religion (system of beliefs dealing with soul, deity and/or life after death)


kula

kula (Jawi spelling کولا, plural kula-kula, informal 1st possessive kulaku, 2nd possessive kulamu, 3rd possessive kulanya)

کولا (Jawi)
kula-kula (plural)
kulaku (first-person informal possessive)
kulamu (possessive second-person)
kulanya (possessive third-person)


kula

(Javanese, possibly obsolete) I (me, my)


matematik

ماتماتيک (Jawi)

From English mathematics, from Latin mathēmatica (“mathematics”), from Ancient Greek μαθηματικός (mathēmatikós, “fond of learning”), from μάθημα (máthēma, “knowledge, study, learning”).


politik

ms-noun

politik (Jawi spelling ڤوليتيک, informal 1st possessive politikku, 2nd possessive politikmu, 3rd possessive politiknya)

ڤوليتيک (Jawi)
politikku (first-person informal possessive)
politikmu (possessive second-person)
politiknya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch politiek, from French politique by analogy with Aristotle’s "τα πολιτικά" ('affairs of state'). First attested as politiek published in Kitab Vortaro in 1923.


logika

logika (plural logika-logika, informal 1st possessive logikaku, 2nd possessive logikamu, 3rd possessive logikanya)

logika-logika (plural)
logikaku (first-person informal possessive)
logikamu (possessive second-person)
logikanya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch logica, from Latin logica. Doublet of logik.

the study of the principles and criteria of valid inference and demonstration.

a method of human thought that involves thinking in a linear, step-by-step manner about how a problem can be solved. Logic is the basis of many principles including the scientific method.


monitor

monitor (Jawi spelling مونيتور, plural monitor-monitor, informal 1st possessive monitorku, 2nd possessive monitormu, 3rd possessive monitornya)

مونيتور (Jawi)
monitor-monitor (plural)
monitorku (first-person informal possessive)
monitormu (possessive second-person)
monitornya (possessive third-person)

From English monitor, from Latin monitor.

Luaran monitor model juga kelihatan lebih premium dan menarik dengan panel belakang berkilat dengan kemasan aluminium futuristik sebagai penegak.

2015 August 24, Nurhayati Abllah, “Monitor lengkung Acer begitu 'trendy' [The Acer curved monitor is so 'trendy']”, in Berita Harian:

The exterior of the monitor model also appears more premium and attractive, featuring a glossy back panel with futuristic aluminum casing as a stand.


dewa

dewa (Jawi spelling ديوا, plural dewa-dewa, informal 1st possessive dewaku, 2nd possessive dewamu, 3rd possessive dewanya)

ديوا (Jawi)
dewa-dewa (plural)
dewaku (first-person informal possessive)
dewamu (possessive second-person)
dewanya (possessive third-person)


virus

virus (plural virus-virus, informal 1st possessive virusku, 2nd possessive virusmu, 3rd possessive virusnya)

virus-virus (plural)
virusku (first-person informal possessive)
virusmu (possessive second-person)
virusnya (possessive third-person)

From English virus, from Latin vīrus, from rhotacism from Proto-Italic *weizos.

(biology, virology) A submicroscopic, non-cellular structure consisting of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, that requires a living host cell to replicate, and often causes disease in the host organism; such agents are often classed as nonliving infectious particles and less often as microorganisms.


Adam

(Abrahamism, religion) The first man and the progenitor of the human race.


sangat

Kenapa serius sangat?


cucu

cucu (Jawi spelling چوچو, plural cucu-cucu, informal 1st possessive cucuku, 2nd possessive cucumu, 3rd possessive cucunya)

چوچو (Jawi)
cucu-cucu (plural)
cucuku (first-person informal possessive)
cucumu (possessive second-person)
cucunya (possessive third-person)

Baba Malay: chuchu

Brunei Malay: cucu

Indonesian: cucu

→ Makasar: cucu

→ Manado Malay: cucu

Attested in the Laguna Copperplate Inscription, 900 AD, as [script needed] (cucu). From Proto-Malayic *cucuʔ. Probably from duplication of Proto-Mon-Khmer *cuuʔ (“grandchild”).


litium

ليتيوم (Jawi)

From English lithium, from New Latin lithium.


para

Indonesian: para

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paRa (collective particle). Compare Acehnese para (“horde, troop”).

inh

para murid

definitive prefix used to denote that the word preceded is plural


para

ms-noun

para (Jawi spelling ڤارا, plural para-para, informal 1st possessive paraku, 2nd possessive paramu, 3rd possessive paranya)

ڤارا (Jawi)
para-para (plural)
paraku (first-person informal possessive)
paramu (possessive second-person)
paranya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: para

From Proto-Austronesian *paRa (“storage shelf; attic, loft”). Compare Tagalog pága (“storage loft made of bamboo attached to ceiling”).

cog

para buku

nilai para


sate

ms-noun

sate (Jawi spelling ساتي, plural sate-sate, informal 1st possessive sateku, 2nd possessive satemu, 3rd possessive satenya)

ساتي (Jawi)
sate-sate (plural)
sateku (first-person informal possessive)
satemu (possessive second-person)
satenya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: sate

→ Arabic: سَاتِيه (sātīh)

→ Dutch: saté

→ English: satay / sate / satai / saté

→ French: satay / saté

→ German: Satay / Saté

→ Hokkien: 沙茶 (sa-te)

→ Mandarin: 沙茶 (shāchá)

→ Hungarian: szaté

→ Italian: saté

→ Japanese: サテ (sate)

→ Korean: 사테 (sate)

→ Mandarin: 沙爹 (shādiē) / 沙嗲 (shādiǎ)

→ Polish: satay / saté

→ Portuguese: satay

→ Russian: сатай (sataj) / сате (sate) / сатэ (satɛ)

→ Spanish: satay

→ Teochew: 沙茶 (sa¹ dê⁵)

→ Thai: สะเต๊ะ (sà-dté) (semi-learned)

→ Vietnamese: sa tế

Borrowed from Javanese saté, from Tamil சதை (catai, “flesh”).


ujan

ujan (Jawi spelling اوجن, plural ujan-ujan, informal 1st possessive ujanku, 2nd possessive ujanmu, 3rd possessive ujannya)

اوجن (Jawi)
ujan-ujan (plural)
ujanku (first-person informal possessive)
ujanmu (possessive second-person)
ujannya (possessive third-person)

(dialect, Brunei) Alternative form of hujan (“rain”)


pinta

pinta (Jawi spelling ڤينتا, plural pinta-pinta, informal 1st possessive pintaku, 2nd possessive pintamu, 3rd possessive pintanya)

ڤينتا (Jawi)
pinta-pinta (plural)
pintaku (first-person informal possessive)
pintamu (possessive second-person)
pintanya (possessive third-person)

A superstitious feeling that brings fortune or success; luck.


pinta

Indonesian: pinta

Pinta beri 3 gelas air laici.


Arab

Arab (of or pertaining to Arabs and their nations)


dot

dot (plural dot-dot, informal 1st possessive dotku, 2nd possessive dotmu, 3rd possessive dotnya)

dot-dot (plural)
dotku (first-person informal possessive)
dotmu (possessive second-person)
dotnya (possessive third-person)


aba

aba (Jawi spelling اب, plural aba-aba, informal 1st possessive abaku, 2nd possessive abamu, 3rd possessive abanya)

اب (Jawi)
aba-aba (plural)
abaku (first-person informal possessive)
abamu (possessive second-person)
abanya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *aba, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *aba, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *aba, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aba, from Proto-Austronesian *aba.


aerodinamik

ms-adj

اءيروديناميک

aerodinamik (Jawi spelling اءيروديناميک)

اءيروديناميک (Jawi)

From English aerodynamic and aerodynamics.


aerodinamik

ms-noun

اءيروديناميک

aerodinamik (Jawi spelling اءيروديناميک, plural aerodinamik-aerodinamik, informal 1st possessive aerodinamikku, 2nd possessive aerodinamikmu, 3rd possessive aerodinamiknya)

اءيروديناميک (Jawi)
aerodinamik-aerodinamik (plural)
aerodinamikku (first-person informal possessive)
aerodinamikmu (possessive second-person)
aerodinamiknya (possessive third-person)


bina

Indonesian: bina

From Arabic بِنَاء (bināʔ, “building, construction (act of)”).


monyet

ms-noun

monyet (Jawi spelling موڽيت, plural monyet-monyet, informal 1st possessive monyetku, 2nd possessive monyetmu, 3rd possessive monyetnya)

موڽيت (Jawi)
monyet-monyet (plural)
monyetku (first-person informal possessive)
monyetmu (possessive second-person)
monyetnya (possessive third-person)

Monyet suka makan pisang.


misai

misai (Jawi spelling ميساي, plural misai-misai, informal 1st possessive misaiku, 2nd possessive misaimu, 3rd possessive misainya)

ميساي (Jawi)
misai-misai (plural)
misaiku (first-person informal possessive)
misaimu (possessive second-person)
misainya (possessive third-person)


pawana

pawana (Jawi spelling ڤاوان, plural pawana-pawana, informal 1st possessive pawanaku, 2nd possessive pawanamu, 3rd possessive pawananya)

ڤاوان (Jawi)
pawana-pawana (plural)
pawanaku (first-person informal possessive)
pawanamu (possessive second-person)
pawananya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: pawana


moga

From Old Javanese moga, amoga, amogha (“and hence it happened”), probably from Sanskrit अमोघ, अमोघा (amogha, amoghā, “succeeding”).


aksara

ms-noun

aksara (Jawi spelling اکسارا, plural aksara-aksara, informal 1st possessive aksaraku, 2nd possessive aksaramu, 3rd possessive aksaranya)

اکسارا (Jawi)
aksara-aksara (plural)
aksaraku (first-person informal possessive)
aksaramu (possessive second-person)
aksaranya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: aksara

Borrowed from Sanskrit अक्षर (akṣara, “alphabet”).

aksara Kawi


minit

minit (Jawi spelling مينيت, plural minit-minit, informal 1st possessive minitku, 2nd possessive minitmu, 3rd possessive minitnya)

مينيت (Jawi)
minit-minit (plural)
minitku (first-person informal possessive)
minitmu (possessive second-person)
minitnya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from English minute, from Old French minut, from Medieval Latin minūta.

a (usually formal) written record of a meeting or a part of a meeting.


aba-aba

aba-aba (Jawi spelling اب٢, plural aba-aba-aba-aba, informal 1st possessive aba-abaku, 2nd possessive aba-abamu, 3rd possessive aba-abanya)

اب٢ (Jawi)
aba-aba -aba-aba (plural)
aba-aba ku (first-person informal possessive)
aba-aba mu (possessive second-person)
aba-aba nya (possessive third-person)


cabai

cabai (Jawi spelling چاباي, plural cabai-cabai, informal 1st possessive cabaiku, 2nd possessive cabaimu, 3rd possessive cabainya)

چاباي (Jawi)
cabai-cabai (plural)
cabaiku (first-person informal possessive)
cabaimu (possessive second-person)
cabainya (possessive third-person)

From Old Javanese cabe, cabya, cawya, cawi (“pepper”), from Sanskrit चव्य, चवि (cavya, cavi, “Piper chaba”).

der

(dialect) chili: the pungent, spicy fresh or dried fruit of any of several cultivated varieties of capsicum peppers, used in cooking.

(dialect) chili pepper: any fruit of a plant of the botanical genus Capsicum, which has a spicy/burning flavour because it contains capsaicin.


saga

ms-noun

saga (Jawi spelling ساݢ, plural saga-saga, informal 1st possessive sagaku, 2nd possessive sagamu, 3rd possessive saganya)

ساݢ (Jawi)
saga-saga (plural)
sagaku (first-person informal possessive)
sagamu (possessive second-person)
saganya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *saga, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saga.

Abrus precatorius
Abrus precatorius#Translingual


saga

From English saga, from Old Norse saga (“epic tale, story”), from Proto-Germanic *sagǭ (“saying, story”), from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷe-, *skʷē- (“to tell, talk”).


jak

(Pontianak) Alternative spelling of sahaja (“only”)


belerang

Buginese: belérang

Indonesian: belerang

From belirang, from Proto-Malayic *bAliraŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *baliraŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *baliraŋ.


teh

teh (Jawi spelling تيه, informal 1st possessive tehku, 2nd possessive tehmu, 3rd possessive tehnya)

تيه (Jawi)
tehku (first-person informal possessive)
tehmu (possessive second-person)
tehnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: teh


misa

From Portuguese missa (“mass”), from Old Galician-Portuguese missa, from Late Latin missa (“mass”), from Latin mittō (“I send”), from Proto-Indo-European *meyth₂- (“to exchange, remove”).


gema

ms-noun

gema (Jawi spelling ݢما, plural gema-gema, informal 1st possessive gemaku, 2nd possessive gemamu, 3rd possessive gemanya)

ݢما (Jawi)
gema-gema (plural)
gemaku (first-person informal possessive)
gemamu (possessive second-person)
gemanya (possessive third-person)


lada

lada (Jawi spelling لادا, plural lada-lada, informal 1st possessive ladaku, 2nd possessive ladamu, 3rd possessive ladanya)

لادا (Jawi)
lada-lada (plural)
ladaku (first-person informal possessive)
ladamu (possessive second-person)
ladanya (possessive third-person)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lajaq or *laja.
* Semantic loan from Minangkabau lado (“chili pepper”), via particularly the Negeri Sembilan dialect.


mat

ms-noun

mat (plural mat-mat, informal 1st possessive matku, 2nd possessive matmu, 3rd possessive matnya)

mat-mat (plural)
matku (first-person informal possessive)
matmu (possessive second-person)
matnya (possessive third-person)

Shortening of Ahmad or Muhammad, two common Malay names.

(colloquial, slang) a certain person; a fellow; a dude.


paya

paya (Jawi spelling ڤايا, plural paya-paya, informal 1st possessive payaku, 2nd possessive payamu, 3rd possessive payanya)

ڤايا (Jawi)
paya-paya (plural)
payaku (first-person informal possessive)
payamu (possessive second-person)
payanya (possessive third-person)


bandar

bandar (Jawi spelling باندر, plural bandar-bandar, informal 1st possessive bandarku, 2nd possessive bandarmu, 3rd possessive bandarnya)

باندر (Jawi)
bandar-bandar (plural)
bandarku (first-person informal possessive)
bandarmu (possessive second-person)
bandarnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: bandar

desctree

→ Javanese: ꦧꦤ꧀ꦢꦂ (bandar)
→ Indonesian: bandar (semantic loan)

From Persian بندر (bandar, “port, harbour”).


bea

Indonesian: bea

zh-l

傌仔／骂仔 (bé-á)

→ Min Nan: 傌仔／骂仔 (bé-á)


singa

ms-noun

singa (Jawi spelling سيڠا, plural singa-singa, informal 1st possessive singaku, 2nd possessive singamu, 3rd possessive singanya)

سيڠا (Jawi)
singa-singa (plural)
singaku (first-person informal possessive)
singamu (possessive second-person)
singanya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from Sanskrit सिंह (siṃhá, “lion”).


عين

عين (Rumi spelling ain, plural عين-عين or عين۲, informal 1st possessive عينکو, 2nd possessive عينمو, 3rd possessive عينڽ)

ain (Rumi)
عين-عين (plural)
عين۲ (plural)
عينکو (first-person informal possessive)
عينمو (possessive second-person)
عينڽ (possessive third-person)


-al

konvensional


geta

geta (Jawi spelling ݢتا, plural geta-geta, informal 1st possessive getaku, 2nd possessive getamu, 3rd possessive getanya)

ݢتا (Jawi)
geta-geta (plural)
getaku (first-person informal possessive)
getamu (possessive second-person)
getanya (possessive third-person)


bakat

bakat (Jawi spelling باکت, plural bakat-bakat, informal 1st possessive bakatku, 2nd possessive bakatmu, 3rd possessive bakatnya)

باکت (Jawi)
bakat-bakat (plural)
bakatku (first-person informal possessive)
bakatmu (possessive second-person)
bakatnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: bakat


-si

Learned borrowing from Indonesian -si, from Dutch -tie or -sie, from Latin -tiō. Doublet of -sen, -syen, and -shen.

aksi


dingo

dingo (Jawi spelling ديڠو, plural dingo-dingo, informal 1st possessive dingoku, 2nd possessive dingomu, 3rd possessive dingonya)

ديڠو (Jawi)
dingo-dingo (plural)
dingoku (first-person informal possessive)
dingomu (possessive second-person)
dingonya (possessive third-person)

From English dingo, from Dharug dingu (“tame dingo”).


hidrogen

hidrogen (Jawi spelling هيدروݢن, informal 1st possessive hidrogenku, 2nd possessive hidrogenmu, 3rd possessive hidrogennya)

هيدروݢن (Jawi)
hidrogenku (first-person informal possessive)
hidrogenmu (possessive second-person)
hidrogennya (possessive third-person)

From English hydrogen, from French hydrogène, from Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr) + γεννάω (gennáō).


-an

From Proto-Malayic *-an, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-an, from Proto-Austronesian *-an.

bangun (“to wake up, to get up”) + -an → bangunan (“building”)


plumbum

ڤلومبوم (Jawi)

From Latin plumbum, related to Ancient Greek μόλυβδος (mólubdos).


mantra

mantra (Jawi spelling منترا, plural mantra-mantra, informal 1st possessive mantraku, 2nd possessive mantramu, 3rd possessive mantranya)

منترا (Jawi)
mantra-mantra (plural)
mantraku (first-person informal possessive)
mantramu (possessive second-person)
mantranya (possessive third-person)


akustik

akustik (Jawi spelling اکوستيک, informal 1st possessive akustikku, 2nd possessive akustikmu, 3rd possessive akustiknya)

اکوستيک (Jawi)
akustikku (first-person informal possessive)
akustikmu (possessive second-person)
akustiknya (possessive third-person)

From Ancient Greek ἀκουστῐκός (akoustikós, “of or for hearing”), from ἀκούω (akoúō, “to hear”) + -ῐκός (-ikós, adjectival suffix).


akustik

اکوستيک (Jawi)

acoustic (pertaining to hearing or the science of sounds)


terima kasih

head

terima kasih (Jawi spelling تريما کاسيه)

تريما کاسيه (Jawi)

Indonesian: terima kasih

→ Afrikaans: tramma kassie

→ Buginese: terima kasih

Compound of terima (“receive”) + kasih (“care”).


pala

ms-noun

pala (Jawi spelling ڤالا, plural pala-pala, informal 1st possessive palaku, 2nd possessive palamu, 3rd possessive palanya)

ڤالا (Jawi)
pala-pala (plural)
palaku (first-person informal possessive)
palamu (possessive second-person)
palanya (possessive third-person)

From Sanskrit फल (phala). Doublet of pahala.

Myristica fragrans
Myristica fragrans#Translingual


magnet

magnet (Jawi spelling مݢنيت, plural magnet-magnet, informal 1st possessive magnetku, 2nd possessive magnetmu, 3rd possessive magnetnya)

مݢنيت (Jawi)
magnet-magnet (plural)
magnetku (first-person informal possessive)
magnetmu (possessive second-person)
magnetnya (possessive third-person)

From English magnet, from Middle English magnete, via Old French magnete, Latin magnēs, magnētem (“lodestone”), from Ancient Greek μαγνῆτις [λίθος] (magnêtis [líthos], “Magnesian [stone]”).

der

μαγνῆτις 􂀿λίθος􂁀


nana

ms-noun

nana (Jawi spelling نان, plural nana-nana, informal 1st possessive nanaku, 2nd possessive nanamu, 3rd possessive nananya)

نان (Jawi)
nana-nana (plural)
nanaku (first-person informal possessive)
nanamu (possessive second-person)
nananya (possessive third-person)

bor

Tamil அண்ணா (aṇṇā)


guru

ms-noun

guru (Jawi spelling ݢورو, plural guru-guru, informal 1st possessive guruku, 2nd possessive gurumu, 3rd possessive gurunya)

ݢورو (Jawi)
guru-guru (plural)
guruku (first-person informal possessive)
gurumu (possessive second-person)
gurunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: guru

→ Tagalog: gulo, → guro (learned)

From Sanskrit गुरु (gurú, “teacher, sage”) via Old Javanese, from Proto-Indo-Aryan *gr̥Húṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥Húš, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥h₂ús (“heavy”).


laki

laki (Jawi spelling لاکي, plural laki-laki, informal 1st possessive lakiku, 2nd possessive lakimu, 3rd possessive lakinya)

لاکي (Jawi)
laki-laki (plural)
lakiku (first-person informal possessive)
lakimu (possessive second-person)
lakinya (possessive third-person)

First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (lāki).


yogurt

yogurt (Jawi spelling يوݢورت, plural yogurt-yogurt, informal 1st possessive yogurtku, 2nd possessive yogurtmu, 3rd possessive yogurtnya)

يوݢورت (Jawi)
yogurt-yogurt (plural)
yogurtku (first-person informal possessive)
yogurtmu (possessive second-person)
yogurtnya (possessive third-person)


senang

Indonesian: senang

→ Dutch: senang

→ Hokkien: [script needed] (sēr-nang)

→ Teochew: [script needed] (si⁷ nang¹)

→ Cantonese: [script needed] (si nang)


emas

emas (Jawi spelling امس, plural emas-emas, informal 1st possessive emasku, 2nd possessive emasmu, 3rd possessive emasnya)

امس (Jawi)
emas-emas (plural)
emasku (first-person informal possessive)
emasmu (possessive second-person)
emasnya (possessive third-person)

Several etymologies have been proposed:
* From Sanskrit माष (māṣa, “particular weight of gold”). Compare to Bengali মাস্ (maś).
* From Pre-Angkorian Old Khmer mās ~ mas (“gold”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *jmaas, an infixed form of *jaas (“to shine”). Compare Old Mon yimās (“shining (gold)”) and yās (“dawn; to shine”).

der

pingat emas

Harga emas berlegar menghampiri paras terendah dalam empat minggu apabila kekuatan dolar Amerika Syarikat membatasi permintaan terhadap aset selamat itu.

2022 June 14, Reuters, “Harga emas terendah dalam empat minggu”, in Malaysiakini:

mengemasi [agent focus + causative benefactive]

peremasan [causative passive + resultative


oi

Oi, apa kau buat tu?!


surat

ms-noun

surat (Jawi spelling سورت, plural surat-surat, informal 1st possessive suratku, 2nd possessive suratmu, 3rd possessive suratnya)

سورت (Jawi)
surat-surat (plural)
suratku (first-person informal possessive)
suratmu (possessive second-person)
suratnya (possessive third-person)

→ Bikol Central: surat

Indonesian: surat
→ Tetum: surat

→ Malagasy: soratra

→ Tagalog: sulat

→ Ternate: surat


alfabet

alfabet (Jawi spelling الفابت, plural alfabet-alfabet, informal 1st possessive alfabetku, 2nd possessive alfabetmu, 3rd possessive alfabetnya)

الفابت (Jawi)
alfabet-alfabet (plural)
alfabetku (first-person informal possessive)
alfabetmu (possessive second-person)
alfabetnya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch alfabet, from Late Latin alphabētum, from Ancient Greek ἀλφάβητος (alphábētos).

alfabet Inggeris

(informal) An alphabet; an ordered set of letters used in a language.


lima

From Proto-Malayic *lima, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *lima, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *lima, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lima, from Proto-Austronesian *lima.


saran

Indonesian: saran

menyarankan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

menyarani [agent focus + causative benefactive]

disarankan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

disarani [patient focus + causative benefactive]


sial

Either from English sial or a blend of silikon (“silicon”) + aluminium (“aluminium”).


batik

ms-noun

batik (Jawi spelling باتيق, plural batik-batik, informal 1st possessive batikku, 2nd possessive batikmu, 3rd possessive batiknya)

باتيق (Jawi)
batik-batik (plural)
batikku (first-person informal possessive)
batikmu (possessive second-person)
batiknya (possessive third-person)


sima

Either from English sima or a blend of silikon (“silicon”) + magnesium.


pion

ms-noun

pion (Jawi spelling ڤيون, plural pion-pion, informal 1st possessive pionku, 2nd possessive pionmu, 3rd possessive pionnya)

ڤيون (Jawi)
pion-pion (plural)
pionku (first-person informal possessive)
pionmu (possessive second-person)
pionnya (possessive third-person)

From Indonesian pion, from Dutch pion (“pawn”), from French pion, from Old French peon, poon, paon, from Late Latin pedō, pedōnem (“footsoldier”), from Latin pēs, pedem (“foot”). Doublet of piung.


-en

head

-en (Bruneian, Malaysian and Singaporean Jawi spelling -ن, Indonesian Jawi spelling -ين)

* (Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore)
** From English -ent, from Middle English -ent, also -ant, -aunt, etc., from Old French -ent and its source Latin -ēns (accusative singular -entem), suffix of present participles of verbs in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th conjugations.
* (Indonesia)
** From Dutch -ent.

residen

presiden

insiden


cam

Indonesian: cam

From Sanskrit [Term?]. Compare Urak Lawoi' จับ (cap, “to remember”).

to recognize by sight; to identify; to remember what has been seen


bait

ms-noun

bait (Jawi spelling بيت, plural bait-bait, informal 1st possessive baitku, 2nd possessive baitmu, 3rd possessive baitnya)

بيت (Jawi)
bait-bait (plural)
baitku (first-person informal possessive)
baitmu (possessive second-person)
baitnya (possessive third-person)

→ Indonesian: bait

From Arabic بَيْت (bayt), from Proto-Semitic *bayt-.

home (house or structure in which someone lives)

(literature) couplet (a pair of lines in poetry)


bait

bait (Jawi spelling باٴيت, plural bait-bait, informal 1st possessive baitku, 2nd possessive baitmu, 3rd possessive baitnya)

باٴيت (Jawi)
bait-bait (plural)
baitku (first-person informal possessive)
baitmu (possessive second-person)
baitnya (possessive third-person)


sen

sen (Jawi spelling سين, plural sen-sen, informal 1st possessive senku, 2nd possessive senmu, 3rd possessive sennya)

سين (Jawi)
sen-sen (plural)
senku (first-person informal possessive)
senmu (possessive second-person)
sennya (possessive third-person)

From English cent, from Old French cent (“hundred”), from Latin centum, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.


stadium

stadium (Jawi spelling ستاديوم, plural stadium-stadium, informal 1st possessive stadiumku, 2nd possessive stadiummu, 3rd possessive stadiumnya)

ستاديوم (Jawi)
stadium-stadium (plural)
stadiumku (first-person informal possessive)
stadiummu (possessive second-person)
stadiumnya (possessive third-person)

From English stadium, from Latin stadium, from Ancient Greek στάδιον (stádion), from στάδιος (stádios), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-.

stadium (venue where sporting events are held)


laksa

laksa (Jawi spelling لقسا, plural laksa-laksa, informal 1st possessive laksaku, 2nd possessive laksamu, 3rd possessive laksanya)

لقسا (Jawi)
laksa-laksa (plural)
laksaku (first-person informal possessive)
laksamu (possessive second-person)
laksanya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: laksa

→ English: laksa

From possibly either:
* Classical Persian لاکچه (lākča, “pasta put into broth”)
* Sanskrit लाक्षा (lākṣā, “red dye; lac”)

der

laksa (a spicy stew from Indonesia or Malaysia)


laksa

Indonesian: laksa

→ Cebuano: laksa

→ Tagalog: laksa

From Sanskrit लक्ष (lakṣa, “hundred thousand”).


ر

The eleventh letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Arabic script.


padi

ms-noun

padi (Jawi spelling ڤادي, plural padi-padi, informal 1st possessive padiku, 2nd possessive padimu, 3rd possessive padinya)

ڤادي (Jawi)
padi-padi (plural)
padiku (first-person informal possessive)
padimu (possessive second-person)
padinya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *padi, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pajay, from Proto-Austronesian *pajay.


padi

Indonesian: padi

→ English: paddy

2. a type of plant

tiny (of a diminutive sense, used in certain nouns)


babi

babi (Jawi spelling بابي, plural babi-babi, informal 1st possessive babiku, 2nd possessive babimu, 3rd possessive babinya)

بابي (Jawi)
babi-babi (plural)
babiku (first-person informal possessive)
babimu (possessive second-person)
babinya (possessive third-person)

Baba Malay: babi

Indonesian: babi
→ Dutch: babi

From Proto-Malayic *babi, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *babuy, from Proto-Austronesian *babuy.


batu

batu (Jawi spelling باتو, plural batu-batu, informal 1st possessive batuku, 2nd possessive batumu, 3rd possessive batunya)

باتو (Jawi)
batu-batu (plural)
batuku (first-person informal possessive)
batumu (possessive second-person)
batunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: batu

Cocos Islands Malay: batu

→ Hokkien: 礣砥 (bá-tû)

From Proto-Malayic *batu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *batu, from Proto-Austronesian *batu. Cognate with Hawaiian pōhaku and Tagalog bato.

Keras macam batu.


cis

ouch (expression in sympathy at another’s pain)


miniskirt

miniskirt (Jawi spelling مينيسکرت, informal 1st possessive miniskirtku, 2nd possessive miniskirtmu, 3rd possessive miniskirtnya)

مينيسکرت (Jawi)
miniskirtku (first-person informal possessive)
miniskirtmu (possessive second-person)
miniskirtnya (possessive third-person)


Türkiye

Unadapted borrowing from Turkish Türkiye.

ubor

Republic of Türkiye
Republic of Türkiye#English

(neologism, official, uncommon) A country located in Thrace in southeastern Europe and Anatolia in southwestern Asia. Official name: Republic of Türkiye. Capital: Ankara


remis

ms-noun

remis (Jawi spelling رميس, plural remis-remis, informal 1st possessive remisku, 2nd possessive remismu, 3rd possessive remisnya)

رميس (Jawi)
remis-remis (plural)
remisku (first-person informal possessive)
remismu (possessive second-person)
remisnya (possessive third-person)


واحد

احد احد#Malay


نان

نان (plural نان-نان or نان۲, informal 1st possessive نانکو, 2nd possessive نانمو, 3rd possessive نانڽ)

نان-نان (plural)
نان۲ (plural)
نانکو (first-person informal possessive)
نانمو (possessive second-person)
نانڽ (possessive third-person)


maki

Synonym(s): ejek, umpat, kutuk


pipi

pipi (Jawi spelling ڤيڤي, plural pipi-pipi, informal 1st possessive pipiku, 2nd possessive pipimu, 3rd possessive pipinya)

ڤيڤي (Jawi)
pipi-pipi (plural)
pipiku (first-person informal possessive)
pipimu (possessive second-person)
pipinya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *pipi, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pipi.


bah

Indonesian: bah

From Proto-Malayic *baah, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *baah, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *baah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bahaq, from Proto-Austronesian *baSaq.


bah

Shortened form of abah, from Proto-Malayic *aba-h, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *aba-h, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *aba-h, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aba, from Proto-Austronesian *aba.


bah

Shortened form of babah, from baba, variant of bapa.


bah

Abbreviation of bahasa, from Sanskrit भाषा (bhāṣā, “language”).


bah

Shortened form of bawah, from Proto-Malayic *babah, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *babah, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *babah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *babaq, from Proto-Austronesian *babaq.


Johan

Borrowed from Classical Persian جهان (jahān, “world”), from Middle Persian [script needed] (gyhʾn' /gēhān/, “worldly creatures, world”), from plural genitive form of Proto-Iranian *gay-θā-.

der

A male given name from Persian, meaning “champion”.


mai

(dialectal) to come (to move from further away to nearer to)


فيلم

ms-noun

فيلم (plural فيلم-فيلم or فيلم۲, informal 1st possessive فيلمکو, 2nd possessive فيلممو, 3rd possessive فيلمڽ)

فيلم-فيلم (plural)
فيلم۲ (plural)
فيلمکو (first-person informal possessive)
فيلممو (possessive second-person)
فيلمڽ (possessive third-person)


matrilineal

ماتريلينيال (Jawi)


lahar

lahar (Jawi spelling لاهر, plural lahar-lahar, informal 1st possessive laharku, 2nd possessive laharmu, 3rd possessive laharnya)

لاهر (Jawi)
lahar-lahar (plural)
laharku (first-person informal possessive)
laharmu (possessive second-person)
laharnya (possessive third-person)


bunga

bunga (Jawi spelling بوڠا, plural bunga-bunga, informal 1st possessive bungaku, 2nd possessive bungamu, 3rd possessive bunganya)

بوڠا (Jawi)
bunga-bunga (plural)
bungaku (first-person informal possessive)
bungamu (possessive second-person)
bunganya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *buŋaʔ (compare Indonesian bunga), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa (compare Ilocano bunga (“fruit”), Tagalog bunga (“fruit”)).

Bunga Mawar itu berwarna merah.

flower (reproductive structure in angiosperms)


bunga

Semantic loan from English interest, by analogy with bank interest growing over time like flowers, as well as wordplay referring to the sense of "attention" in English and the sense of "beauty, looking good" in Indonesian. Compare to Thai ดอกเบี้ย (dɔ̀ɔk-bîia, “interest”, literally “flower money”).

noncog

2002, Takiah Mohd Iskandar & Norida Basnan, Perakaunan Kewangan: Prinsip dan Amalan di Malaysia, Vol. 1, Cerdik Publications, page 174.
Sekiranya nota janji yang dikeluarkan menjadi matang dalam tempoh perakaunan berikutnya jumlah bunga daripada tarikh nota dikeluarkan hingga tarikh penyata kewangan perlu diakrukan.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


sumpit

ms-noun

sumpit (Jawi spelling سومڤيت, plural sumpit-sumpit, informal 1st possessive sumpitku, 2nd possessive sumpitmu, 3rd possessive sumpitnya)

سومڤيت (Jawi)
sumpit-sumpit (plural)
sumpitku (first-person informal possessive)
sumpitmu (possessive second-person)
sumpitnya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *sumpit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpit, from Proto-Austronesian *sumpit.

Seekor sumpit berenang di air.

(zoology) an archerfish, a kind of fish that shoots insects with water in the genus Toxotes; usually as ikan sumpit or sumpit-sumpit.


sumpit

Indonesian: sumpit

→ English: sumpit

Budak itu pandai menyumpit.

That kid is skilled at using a blowpipe.


sumpit

* From Baba Malay sumpit, from Hokkien 栓筆／栓笔 (sng-pit, “holding pin”).
* From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *supit (“narrow, to pinch, tongs”), from Proto-Austronesian *supit (“narrow, to pinch, tongs”). Doublet of sepit.


sumpit

a type of sack of a matwork for holding rice, salt etc.


wang

ms-noun

wang (Jawi spelling واڠ, informal 1st possessive wangku, 2nd possessive wangmu, 3rd possessive wangnya)

واڠ (Jawi)
wangku (first-person informal possessive)
wangmu (possessive second-person)
wangnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: uang

→ Hokkien: 鈁／钫 (hoáng)

Possibly from Hokkien 圓／圆 (oân, “round; currency”).


nostalgia

nostalgia (Jawi spelling نوستلݢيا, plural nostalgia-nostalgia, informal 1st possessive nostalgiaku, 2nd possessive nostalgiamu, 3rd possessive nostalgianya)

نوستلݢيا (Jawi)
nostalgia-nostalgia (plural)
nostalgiaku (first-person informal possessive)
nostalgiamu (possessive second-person)
nostalgianya (possessive third-person)


lancia

lancia (plural lancia-lancia, informal 1st possessive lanciaku, 2nd possessive lanciamu, 3rd possessive lancianya)

lancia-lancia (plural)
lanciaku (first-person informal possessive)
lanciamu (possessive second-person)
lancianya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from Hokkien 人車／人车 (lâng-chhia, “rickshaw”).


vitamin

ms-noun

vitamin (Jawi spelling ۏيتامين, plural vitamin-vitamin, informal 1st possessive vitaminku, 2nd possessive vitaminmu, 3rd possessive vitaminnya)

ۏيتامين (Jawi)
vitamin-vitamin (plural)
vitaminku (first-person informal possessive)
vitaminmu (possessive second-person)
vitaminnya (possessive third-person)

From English vitamin, earlier vitamine, from Latin vīta (“life”) (see vital) + amine.

vitamin: any of a specific group of organic compounds essential in small quantities for healthy human growth, metabolism, development, and body function; found in minute amounts in plant and animal foods or sometimes produced synthetically; deficiencies of specific vitamins produce specific disorders.


sut

sut (Jawi spelling سوت, plural sut-sut, informal 1st possessive sutku, 2nd possessive sutmu, 3rd possessive sutnya)

سوت (Jawi)
sut-sut (plural)
sutku (first-person informal possessive)
sutmu (possessive second-person)
sutnya (possessive third-person)


skim

skim (plural skim-skim, informal 1st possessive skimku, 2nd possessive skimmu, 3rd possessive skimnya)

skim-skim (plural)
skimku (first-person informal possessive)
skimmu (possessive second-person)
skimnya (possessive third-person)


fi

fi (Jawi spelling في, plural fi-fi, informal 1st possessive fiku, 2nd possessive fimu, 3rd possessive finya)

في (Jawi)
fi-fi (plural)
fiku (first-person informal possessive)
fimu (possessive second-person)
finya (possessive third-person)


ku

Shortened form of aku, from Proto-Malayic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

Kutahu.

Dia mengenaliku.

Dia pergi denganku.

Ini barangku.


abab

abab (Jawi spelling ابب, plural abab-abab, informal 1st possessive ababku, 2nd possessive ababmu, 3rd possessive ababnya)

ابب (Jawi)
abab-abab (plural)
ababku (first-person informal possessive)
ababmu (possessive second-person)
ababnya (possessive third-person)

(Brunei) a type of musical instrument with two or three strings


ubi

ubi (Jawi spelling اوبي, plural ubi-ubi or ubi-ubian, informal 1st possessive ubiku, 2nd possessive ubimu, 3rd possessive ubinya)

اوبي (Jawi)
ubi-ubi (plural)
ubi-ubian (plural)
ubiku (first-person informal possessive)
ubimu (possessive second-person)
ubinya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: ubi

From Old Malay hubi, as attested in the Tanjung Tanah manuscript dated 14th century, from Proto-Malayic *hubi, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *hubi, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *hubi, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qubi (“yam”).


sore

sore (Jawi spelling سوري, plural sore-sore, informal 1st possessive soreku, 2nd possessive soremu, 3rd possessive sorenya)

سوري (Jawi)
sore-sore (plural)
soreku (first-person informal possessive)
soremu (possessive second-person)
sorenya (possessive third-person)

From Indonesian sore, from Javanese sore, from Old Javanese sore, from sorai. Compare French soirée.

(Indonesia) afternoon (part of the day between noon and evening)


ulu

Dated spelling of hulu (“upriver; head”).


pistol

pistol (Jawi spelling ڤيستول, plural pistol-pistol, informal 1st possessive pistolku, 2nd possessive pistolmu, 3rd possessive pistolnya)

ڤيستول (Jawi)
pistol-pistol (plural)
pistolku (first-person informal possessive)
pistolmu (possessive second-person)
pistolnya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch pistool. Ultimately from Czech píšťala (“whistle”), from Proto-Slavic *piščalь, from *piskati, *piščati (“to squeak, whistle”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *pīṣk-.

a pistol (gun, handheld short firearm weapon)


yang mana

Baju yang mana mesti kupakai?


paham

Nativization of faham, from Arabic فَهْم (fahm, “understanding”).


gi

gi (Jawi spelling ݢي, plural gi-gi, informal 1st possessive giku, 2nd possessive gimu, 3rd possessive ginya)

ݢي (Jawi)
gi-gi (plural)
giku (first-person informal possessive)
gimu (possessive second-person)
ginya (possessive third-person)

From Hindi घी (ghī) or Urdu گھی (ghī), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀖𑀺𑀤 (ghida), from Sanskrit घृत (ghṛtá). Cognate of English ghee.


gi

Kau gi ngan siapa?


gula

gula (Jawi spelling ݢولا, plural gula, informal 1st possessive gulaku, 2nd possessive gulamu, 3rd possessive gulanya)

ݢولا (Jawi)
gula (plural)
gulaku (first-person informal possessive)
gulamu (possessive second-person)
gulanya (possessive third-person)

From Sanskrit गुल (gula, “unrefined sugar, molasses”). The Sanskrit equivalent is मधुरं (madhuraṃ, “sugar”).

der

sugar (sucrose from sugar cane or sugar beet and used to sweeten food and drink)


rambutan

ms-noun

rambutan (Jawi spelling رمبوتن or رامبوتن, plural rambutan-rambutan, informal 1st possessive rambutanku, 2nd possessive rambutanmu, 3rd possessive rambutannya)

رمبوتن (Jawi)
رامبوتن (Jawi)
rambutan-rambutan (plural)
rambutanku (first-person informal possessive)
rambutanmu (possessive second-person)
rambutannya (possessive third-person)


halo

Borrowed from Dutch hallo, possibly through Indonesian halo.

Halo, nak tanya pasal kerja rumah tadi sekejap, boleh?

Hello, can I ask about the homework earlier?

(uncommon, informal) Used to greet people; hello.


halo

halo (Jawi spelling هلو, plural halo-halo, informal 1st possessive haloku, 2nd possessive halomu, 3rd possessive halonya)

هلو (Jawi)
halo-halo (plural)
haloku (first-person informal possessive)
halomu (possessive second-person)
halonya (possessive third-person)

From English halo, from Latin halōs, from Ancient Greek ἅλως (hálōs, “threshing floor; disk; disk of the sun or moon; ring of light around the sun or moon”), of unknown origin.

der

A circular band of coloured light, visible around the sun or moon etc., caused by reflection and refraction of light by ice crystals in the atmosphere.


cubit

head

cubit (Jawi spelling چوبيت, used in the form mencubit)

چوبيت (Jawi)
mencubit (used-in-the-form)

→ Macanese: chubí

From Proto-Malayic *-bit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-bit, from Proto-Austronesian *-bit.

to pinch (to squeeze a small amount of skin)


-er-

suling → seruling

gigi → gerigi

Used to form a noun (which has, contains, or is characteristic).

gesek → geresek

Used to form a verb (repeated, having repetition, or continuous).

kontang → kerontang

Used to form a verb(which has, contains, or is characteristic).


قاموس

ms-noun

قاموس (plural قاموس-قاموس or قاموس۲, informal 1st possessive قاموسکو, 2nd possessive قاموسمو, 3rd possessive قاموسڽ)

قاموس-قاموس (plural)
قاموس۲ (plural)
قاموسکو (first-person informal possessive)
قاموسمو (possessive second-person)
قاموسڽ (possessive third-person)


pra-

Learned borrowing from Indonesian pra-, from Old Javanese pra-, from Sanskrit प्र- (pra-), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *pra-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pra-, from Proto-Indo-European *pro-.

prasekolah

Before; earlier in time; beforehand; pre-.


pupil

pupil (Jawi spelling ڤوڤيل, plural pupil-pupil, informal 1st possessive pupilku, 2nd possessive pupilmu, 3rd possessive pupilnya)

ڤوڤيل (Jawi)
pupil-pupil (plural)
pupilku (first-person informal possessive)
pupilmu (possessive second-person)
pupilnya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from English pupil, from Middle French pupille, from Latin pūpilla (“pupil; little girl, doll”).

der

(anatomy) pupil (the hole in the middle of the iris of the eye)


stor

ms-noun

stor (Jawi spelling ستور, plural stor-stor, informal 1st possessive storku, 2nd possessive stormu, 3rd possessive stornya)

ستور (Jawi)
stor-stor (plural)
storku (first-person informal possessive)
stormu (possessive second-person)
stornya (possessive third-person)


museum

museum (Jawi spelling موسيوم, plural museum-museum, informal 1st possessive museumku, 2nd possessive museummu, 3rd possessive museumnya)

موسيوم (Jawi)
museum-museum (plural)
museumku (first-person informal possessive)
museummu (possessive second-person)
museumnya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch museum, from Latin museum, from Ancient Greek Μουσεῖον (Mouseîon, “a shrine of the Muses”). First attested in the Kitab Vortaro published in 1923. Doublet of muzium.

der

(Indonesia) museum: a building or institution dedicated to the acquisition, conservation, study, exhibition, and educational interpretation of objects having scientific, historical, cultural or artistic value.


durian

ms-noun

durian (Jawi spelling دورين or دوريان, plural durian-durian, informal 1st possessive durianku, 2nd possessive durianmu, 3rd possessive duriannya)

دورين (Jawi)
دوريان (Jawi)
durian-durian (plural)
durianku (first-person informal possessive)
durianmu (possessive second-person)
duriannya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: durian

→ Burmese: ဒူးရင်းသီး (du:rang:si:)

→ Cebuano: duryan

→ Chinese: 榴槤／榴梿 (liúlián)

→ Dutch: doerian

→ English: durian (see there for further descendants)

→ Kapampangan: durian

→ Lao: ທຸລຽນ (thu līan)

→ Swahili: duriani

→ Tamil: துரியான் (turiyāṉ)

→ Tagalog: durian, duryan

→ Thai: ทุเรียน (tú-riian)

→ Vietnamese: sầu riêng

duri + -an, from Proto-Malayic *duri-an, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duʀi-an.


antigen

antigen (plural antigen-antigen, informal 1st possessive antigenku, 2nd possessive antigenmu, 3rd possessive antigennya)

antigen-antigen (plural)
antigenku (first-person informal possessive)
antigenmu (possessive second-person)
antigennya (possessive third-person)

Ultimately from French antigène, from anti- + gène.


puma

head

puma (Jawi spelling ڤوما, plural puma-puma)

Borrowed from English puma, from Quechuan puma.

Puma concolor
Puma concolor#Translingual

puma (mountain lion); cougar (Puma concolor)


bundle

(colloquial) clothes sold in the thrift store


lai

ms-noun

lai (Jawi spelling لاي, plural lai-lai, informal 1st possessive laiku, 2nd possessive laimu, 3rd possessive lainya)

لاي (Jawi)
lai-lai (plural)
laiku (first-person informal possessive)
laimu (possessive second-person)
lainya (possessive third-person)


-is

praktis

gramatis


-is

Learned borrowing from English -ist, from Old French -iste and Latin -ista, from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs), from -ίζω (-ízō, “-ize, -ise”, verbal suffix) + -τής (-tḗs, agent-noun suffix).

affix

anarkis

sadis


-is

Borrowed from Portuguese -ês, from Old Galician-Portuguese -es, from Latin -ēnsis.

Kantonis

Portugis


mufti

ms-noun

mufti (Jawi spelling مفتي, plural mufti-mufti, informal 1st possessive muftiku, 2nd possessive muftimu, 3rd possessive muftinya)

مفتي (Jawi)
mufti-mufti (plural)
muftiku (first-person informal possessive)
muftimu (possessive second-person)
muftinya (possessive third-person)

From Arabic مُفْتٍ (muftin), the active participle of أَفْتَى (ʔaftā, “to deliver a formal opinion”).


bantal

bantal (Jawi spelling بنتل, plural bantal-bantal, informal 1st possessive bantalku, 2nd possessive bantalmu, 3rd possessive bantalnya)

بنتل (Jawi)
bantal-bantal (plural)
bantalku (first-person informal possessive)
bantalmu (possessive second-person)
bantalnya (possessive third-person)

pillow (soft cushion used to support the head in bed)


Kanada

کانادا (Jawi)


armadillo

Borrowed from English armadillo, from Spanish armadillo, diminutive of armado (“armored”), in reference to its protective plates.


kongsi

kongsi (Jawi spelling کوڠسي, plural kongsi-kongsi, informal 1st possessive kongsiku, 2nd possessive kongsimu, 3rd possessive kongsinya)

کوڠسي (Jawi)
kongsi-kongsi (plural)
kongsiku (first-person informal possessive)
kongsimu (possessive second-person)
kongsinya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: kongsi

→ English: kongsi

→ Dutch: kongsi

Borrowed from Hokkien 公司 (kong-si). See also Hokkien 公班衙 (kong-pan-gêe), English British East India Company.

perkongsian [causative passive + resultative

kongsi gelap

secret society (literally, “dark association”)

Sementara itu, dalam kalangan pendatang Cina yang menetap di Asia Tenggara pula, mereka telah menubuhkan kongsi, di mana kongsi Cina ditadbir oleh 5 orang yang dipimpin oleh Ketua Kongsi. Di Barat Borneo dia diberi gelaran po, contohnya Chang Mao-po dan Hung Kui-po.

2006, Dr. Mohamad Azmie Zakaria, “Bab 4, Sepakat Sempurna [Chapter 4, Perfect Alliance]”, in Sepakat Daripada Perspektif Pengurusan Organisasi [Concurrence From the Perspective of Organizational Management], Utusan Publications, →ISBN, page 57:

Meanwhile, among Chinese immigrants living in Southeast Asia, these people have set up clan associations, where each Chinese clan association is managed by 5 people led by the head of the clan association. In West Borneo the leader is given the title po, such as Chang Mao-po and Hung Kui-po.


kongsi

Back-formation from berkongsi (“to share”).

back-formation

“Banyak perkara yang telah dilakukan untuk meraih apa yang diperolehi pada hari ini, antaranya menumpukan sepenuh perhatian dan komited dalam pengajian, menjalankan kajian-kajian yang telah diarahkan bagi memenuhi kehendak kursus, banyak meluangkan masa di perpustakaan untuk mencari bahan-bahan bagi menghasilkan satu kajian yang mantap dan sering merujuk kepada pensyarah-pensyarah jika terdapat kekeliruan di sepanjang pengajian,” kongsi Dayang Siti Nurajimah.

2017 September 8, Syahmi Hassan, quoting Dayang Siti Nurajimah, “Graduan cemerlang kongsi petua, rahsia kejayaan [Successful graduate shares tips and secret for success]”, in Media Permata, archived from the original on 2017-09-10:

"Many things have been done to achieve what I have acquired today, including concentrating all of my attention and being committed in my studies, conducting research that is mandatory to fulfill course requirements, spending a lot of time at the library to look for materials to produce a solid research and often referring to lecturers whenever there is confusion throughout my studies," Dayang Siti Nurajimah shared.

Orang ramai dinasihatkan tidak menyebar atau kongsi sebarang berita tidak benar mengenai kehilangan remaja perempuan warga Ireland, Nora Anne Quoirin, di The Dusun, Pantai, dekat Seremban, sejak kelmarin.

2019 August 6, Fazrik Kamarudin, “Kehilangan Nora Anne: Jangan sebar, kongsi berita tidak benar - PDRM [Disappearance of Nora Anne: Do not spread or share news that are not true - Royal Malaysian Police]”, in Berita Harian, archived from the original on 2019-09-25:

The public is advised not to spread or share any news that is not true regarding the disappearance of the teenage girl from Ireland, Nora Anne Quoirin at The Dusun, Pantai near Seremban since the day before yesterday.

“Jadi saya perlu bersabar dan dia perlu bersabar dengan saya yang akan datang, datang dan datang kerana sudah kehabisan masa,” kongsinya.

2019 September 2, Sajida Asarulah Khan, quoting Dr. Mahathir Mohamad, “Dr. Mahathir kongsi rahsia perkahwinan [Dr. Mahathir shares wedding secrets]”, in Utusan Malaysia, archived from the original on 2019-09-21:

"So I have to be patient and she has to be patient with me who is coming, coming and coming because I am already running out of time," he shares.


titi

ms-noun

titi (Jawi spelling تيتي, plural titi-titi, informal 1st possessive titiku, 2nd possessive titimu, 3rd possessive titinya)

تيتي (Jawi)
titi-titi (plural)
titiku (first-person informal possessive)
titimu (possessive second-person)
titinya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: titi

From Proto-Malayic *titi (compare Indonesian titi), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taytay, from Proto-Austronesian *taytay.

bridge (construction or natural feature that spans a divide)


salir

From Proto-Malayic *salir, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *salir, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *salir, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saliʀ, from the root *-liʀ.


-i

head

-i (Jawi spelling -ي, active meng- -i, 3rd person passive di- -i)

-ي (Jawi)
meng- -i (active)
di- -i (passive third-person)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-i (local transitive suffix).

inh+

hamba (“slave”) + -i → hambai (“enslave”)

baik (“good”) + -i → baiki (“to make something good; to fix”)

Gives a causitive meaning or a meaning of causing something to form imperative transitive verbs.

tumpah (“to fall out”) + -i → tumpahi (“fall onto”)

dekat (“close, near”) + -i → dekati (“get closer or nearer to; to approach”)

Gives a locative meaning, that is, of stating a locational element to imperative verbs.

-kan

first sense, generally before an inanimate object, but not always


-i

Borrowed from Arabic nisba suffix ـِيّ (-iyy).

abad (“century”) + -i → abadi (“eternal, everlasting”)

bahar (“sea”) + -i → bahari (“sea-related”)

Forms an adjective that is related to the base word.


ovum

ms-noun

ovum (Jawi spelling اوۏوم, plural ovum-ovum, informal 1st possessive ovumku, 2nd possessive ovummu, 3rd possessive ovumnya)

اوۏوم (Jawi)
ovum-ovum (plural)
ovumku (first-person informal possessive)
ovummu (possessive second-person)
ovumnya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from English ovum, from Latin ōvum, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm, likely a derivative of *h₂éwis.


adat

adat (Jawi spelling عادت, plural adat-adat, informal 1st possessive adatku, 2nd possessive adatmu, 3rd possessive adatnya)

عادت (Jawi)
adat-adat (plural)
adatku (first-person informal possessive)
adatmu (possessive second-person)
adatnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: adat

→ English: adat

→ Dutch: adat

→ Iban: adat

→ Western Cham: عادة (adat)

From Classical Malay عادة (adat), from Persian عادت ('âdat), from Arabic عَادَة (ʕāda, “habit, custom”), from the verb عَوْدَ (ʕawda, “to appurtain, to be proper”).

custom (Frequent repetition of the same act)


boga

boga (Jawi spelling بوݢ, plural boga-boga, informal 1st possessive bogaku, 2nd possessive bogamu, 3rd possessive boganya)

بوݢ (Jawi)
boga-boga (plural)
bogaku (first-person informal possessive)
bogamu (possessive second-person)
boganya (possessive third-person)


yah

bapa

bapanda, bapai, bapak, bapang, baba, papa


ا

The first letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Arabic script.


uvula

uvula (Jawi spelling اوۏولا, plural uvula-uvula, informal 1st possessive uvulaku, 2nd possessive uvulamu, 3rd possessive uvulanya)

اوۏولا (Jawi)
uvula-uvula (plural)
uvulaku (first-person informal possessive)
uvulamu (possessive second-person)
uvulanya (possessive third-person)

From Late Latin ūvula (“little grape”), diminutive of Latin ūva (“grape”).

(anatomy) Uvula (appendage that hangs from the palate)


ب

head

ب / ب / ب / ب

ب / ب / ب / ب

The second letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Arabic script.


agar

Indonesian: agar


agar

ms-noun

agar (Jawi spelling اݢر, plural agar-agar, informal 1st possessive agarku, 2nd possessive agarmu, 3rd possessive agarnya)

اݢر (Jawi)
agar-agar (plural)
agarku (first-person informal possessive)
agarmu (possessive second-person)
agarnya (possessive third-person)

→ Czech: agar

→ English: agar

Indonesian: agar

→ Spanish: agar

agar (a material obtained from the marine algae), agar-agar


bas

bas (Jawi spelling بس, plural bas-bas, informal 1st possessive basku, 2nd possessive basmu, 3rd possessive basnya)

بس (Jawi)
bas-bas (plural)
basku (first-person informal possessive)
basmu (possessive second-person)
basnya (possessive third-person)


ya

From Arabic يَا (yā, “vocative particle”).

Ya, Tuhan!


ya

ya (Jawi spelling يا, plural ya-ya, informal 1st possessive yaku, 2nd possessive yamu, 3rd possessive yanya)

يا (Jawi)
ya-ya (plural)
yaku (first-person informal possessive)
yamu (possessive second-person)
yanya (possessive third-person)

huruf ya

The 29th letter of the Arabic alphabet (ي).


ya

From Dutch ja, from Middle Dutch ja, from Old Dutch *jā, from Proto-Germanic *ja.

Ya, ini Patrick.

Dia orang kaya, ya?

Used to inquire for confirmation; right.


purdah

purdah (Jawi spelling ڤورده, plural purdah-purdah, informal 1st possessive purdahku, 2nd possessive purdahmu, 3rd possessive purdahnya)

ڤورده (Jawi)
purdah-purdah (plural)
purdahku (first-person informal possessive)
purdahmu (possessive second-person)
purdahnya (possessive third-person)


poster

poster (Jawi spelling ڤوستر, plural poster-poster, informal 1st possessive posterku, 2nd possessive postermu, 3rd possessive posternya)

ڤوستر (Jawi)
poster-poster (plural)
posterku (first-person informal possessive)
postermu (possessive second-person)
posternya (possessive third-person)

Semua parti politik yang bertanding dalam Pilihan Raya Umum (PRU13) diingatkan tidak sesekali memasang atau menggantung bendera parti mereka mahupun poster kempen pilihanraya di balai-balai polis dan premis milik Polis DiRaja Malaysia (PDRM).

2013 April 16, “Jangan pasang bendera parti di premis polis [Don't put party flags on police premises]”, in Astro Awani:

All political parties contesting in the General Election (GE13) are reminded not to put up or hang their party flags or campaign posters in police stations and premises belonging to the Royal Malaysian Police (RMP).

poster (picture intended to be attached to a wall)


lang

lang (Jawi spelling لڠ, plural lang-lang, informal 1st possessive langku, 2nd possessive langmu, 3rd possessive langnya)

لڠ (Jawi)
lang-lang (plural)
langku (first-person informal possessive)
langmu (possessive second-person)
langnya (possessive third-person)

From Austroasiatic; compare Bahnar klang, Pacoh calang, Khmer ខ្លែង (khlaeng), Mang laːŋ¹, Central Nicobarese [Nancowry] kalâng and Chong kʰlaːˀŋ. Doublet of elang and helang.

eagle (Any of several large carnivorous birds in the family Accipitridae)


ayer

ayer (Jawi spelling اٴير, plural ayer-ayer, informal 1st possessive ayerku, 2nd possessive ayermu, 3rd possessive ayernya)

اٴير (Jawi)
ayer-ayer (plural)
ayerku (first-person informal possessive)
ayermu (possessive second-person)
ayernya (possessive third-person)


xenofobia

xénofobia (Jawi spelling کسينوفوبيا, plural xenofobia-xenofobia, informal 1st possessive xenofobiaku, 2nd possessive xenofobiamu, 3rd possessive xenofobianya)

xénofobia (canonical)
کسينوفوبيا (Jawi)
xenofobia-xenofobia (plural)
xenofobiaku (first-person informal possessive)
xenofobiamu (possessive second-person)
xenofobianya (possessive third-person)


tuli

Indonesian: tuli

From Proto-Malayic *tuli, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuli, from Proto-Austronesian *Culi.

menulikan [agent focus + causative benefactive]


ت

head

ت / ت / ت / ت

ت / ت / ت / ت

The third letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Arabic script.


asap

ms-noun

asap (Jawi spelling اسڤ, plural asap-asap, informal 1st possessive asapku, 2nd possessive asapmu, 3rd possessive asapnya)

اسڤ (Jawi)
asap-asap (plural)
asapku (first-person informal possessive)
asapmu (possessive second-person)
asapnya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *(h)asəp, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *(h)asəp, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *(h)asəp, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qasəb, from Proto-Austronesian *qasəb.

smoke (visible particles and vapour given off by burning material)


strata

strata (plural strata-strata, informal 1st possessive strataku, 2nd possessive stratamu, 3rd possessive stratanya)

strata-strata (plural)
strataku (first-person informal possessive)
stratamu (possessive second-person)
stratanya (possessive third-person)

one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another.

a class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status.

stratum: condominium unit, condominium building, condominium title


bakar

From Proto-Malayic *bakar, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *bkaar, *bkaar (“to cook over fire”).


dah

Jikalau zaman itu dibuka Pekan-Pekan Mingguan, bukankah senang pada masa ini? Anak-anak Melayu dah tau ilmu berniaga kesemuanya.

1932 December 26, Ibni, “Melayu Tak Boleh Maju”, in Majlis, Singapore, archived from the original on 2023-11-24, page 7:

If back then Weekly Markets were opened, wouldn't it be easy by now? Malay children [would] already have all the wisdom about business.

(colloquial) Marks the perfective aspect.


atmosfera

ms-noun

atmosfera (Jawi spelling اتموسفيرا, plural atmosfera-atmosfera, informal 1st possessive atmosferaku, 2nd possessive atmosferamu, 3rd possessive atmosferanya)

اتموسفيرا (Jawi)
atmosfera-atmosfera (plural)
atmosferaku (first-person informal possessive)
atmosferamu (possessive second-person)
atmosferanya (possessive third-person)

Learned borrowing from New Latin atmosphaera, from Ancient Greek ἀτμός (atmós, “steam”) + σφαῖρα (sphaîra, “sphere”).


ringgit

ريڠݢيت (Jawi)

From gerigi (“jagged”), from gigi (“tooth”), referring to the edges of the Spanish dollar.


ringgit

ms-noun

ringgit (Jawi spelling ريڠݢيت, plural ringgit-ringgit, informal 1st possessive ringgitku, 2nd possessive ringgitmu, 3rd possessive ringgitnya)

ريڠݢيت (Jawi)
ringgit-ringgit (plural)
ringgitku (first-person informal possessive)
ringgitmu (possessive second-person)
ringgitnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: ringgit

→ Chinese: 林吉特, 令吉

desc

→ Balinese: ᬭᬶᬗ᭄ᬕᬶᬢ᭄ (ringgit) (semantic loan)

→ Javanese: ꦫꦶꦁꦒꦶꦠ꧀ (ringgit) (semantic loan)


abakus

ms-noun

abakus (Jawi spelling اباکوس, plural abakus-abakus, informal 1st possessive abakusku, 2nd possessive abakusmu, 3rd possessive abakusnya)

اباکوس (Jawi)
abakus-abakus (plural)
abakusku (first-person informal possessive)
abakusmu (possessive second-person)
abakusnya (possessive third-person)

abacus (device for performing arithmetical calculations)


polis

polis (Jawi spelling ڤوليس, plural polis-polis, informal 1st possessive polisku, 2nd possessive polismu, 3rd possessive polisnya)

ڤوليس (Jawi)
polis-polis (plural)
polisku (first-person informal possessive)
polismu (possessive second-person)
polisnya (possessive third-person)

From English police, from Middle French police, from Latin politia (“state, government”), from Ancient Greek πολιτεία (politeía).

(Malaysia, Singapore, Riau) police, a civil force granted the legal authority for law enforcement and maintaining public order.


polis

polis (plural polis-polis, informal 1st possessive polisku, 2nd possessive polismu, 3rd possessive polisnya)

polis-polis (plural)
polisku (first-person informal possessive)
polismu (possessive second-person)
polisnya (possessive third-person)

(Indonesia) alternative spelling of polisi (“policy”), see Indonesian polis (“policy”).


referendum

referendum (Jawi spelling ريفريندوم, plural referendum-referendum, informal 1st possessive referendumku, 2nd possessive referendummu, 3rd possessive referendumnya)

ريفريندوم (Jawi)
referendum-referendum (plural)
referendumku (first-person informal possessive)
referendummu (possessive second-person)
referendumnya (possessive third-person)

From English referendum, from Latin referendum (“that which ought to be announced”), from refero (“I announce”).

der

(politics) A direct popular vote on a proposed law or constitutional amendment; a referendum.


auditorium

ms-noun

auditorium (Jawi spelling اءوديتوريوم, plural auditorium-auditorium, informal 1st possessive auditoriumku, 2nd possessive auditoriummu, 3rd possessive auditoriumnya)

اءوديتوريوم (Jawi)
auditorium-auditorium (plural)
auditoriumku (first-person informal possessive)
auditoriummu (possessive second-person)
auditoriumnya (possessive third-person)

Riau-Lingga, Northern Peninsular Malay, Bahasa Baku


diplomat

diplomat (Jawi spelling ديڤلومت, informal 1st possessive diplomatku, 2nd possessive diplomatmu, 3rd possessive diplomatnya)

ديڤلومت (Jawi)
diplomatku (first-person informal possessive)
diplomatmu (possessive second-person)
diplomatnya (possessive third-person)

From English diplomat, from French diplomate.

diplomat: a person, such as an ambassador, who is accredited to represent a government officially in its relations with other governments or international organisations.


juvenil

juvenil (Jawi spelling جوۏينيل, plural juvenil-juvenil, informal 1st possessive juvenilku, 2nd possessive juvenilmu, 3rd possessive juvenilnya)

جوۏينيل (Jawi)
juvenil-juvenil (plural)
juvenilku (first-person informal possessive)
juvenilmu (possessive second-person)
juvenilnya (possessive third-person)


natrium

نتريوم (Jawi)

From English natrium, from New Latin natrium.


danau

danau (Jawi spelling داناو, plural danau-danau, informal 1st possessive danauku, 2nd possessive danaumu, 3rd possessive danaunya)

داناو (Jawi)
danau-danau (plural)
danauku (first-person informal possessive)
danaumu (possessive second-person)
danaunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: danau

From Proto-Malayic *danaw (compare Indonesian danau), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *danaw, from Proto-Austronesian *danaw (“lake”).


terjemahan

terjemahan (Jawi spelling ترجمهن, plural terjemahan-terjemahan, informal 1st possessive terjemahanku, 2nd possessive terjemahanmu, 3rd possessive terjemahannya)

ترجمهن (Jawi)
terjemahan-terjemahan (plural)
terjemahanku (first-person informal possessive)
terjemahanmu (possessive second-person)
terjemahannya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: terjemahan

Combination of terjemah (“to translate”) + -an.

Terjemahan rasmi

Terjemahan bebas


karat

karat (Jawi spelling کارت, plural karat-karat, informal 1st possessive karatku, 2nd possessive karatmu, 3rd possessive karatnya)

کارت (Jawi)
karat-karat (plural)
karatku (first-person informal possessive)
karatmu (possessive second-person)
karatnya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *karat (“rust”).

a reddish-brown substance formed on iron by the action of air and water.

a similar substance based on another metal (usually with qualification, such as "copper rust").

karat:

karat:


karat

karat (plural karat-karat, informal 1st possessive karatku, 2nd possessive karatmu, 3rd possessive karatnya)

karat-karat (plural)
karatku (first-person informal possessive)
karatmu (possessive second-person)
karatnya (possessive third-person)

From English carat, from Middle French carat, from Italian carato, from Arabic قِيرَاط (qīrāṭ, “carat, similarly small units such as inches”), from Ancient Greek κεράτιον (kerátion, “hornlet, carob seed”), from κέρας (kéras, “horn”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive suffix).

der

a measurement to determine the amount of gold.

carat:
a weight measurement for diamonds.


mikroskop

ms-noun

mikroskop (Jawi spelling ميکروسکوڤ, plural mikroskop-mikroskop, informal 1st possessive mikroskopku, 2nd possessive mikroskopmu, 3rd possessive mikroskopnya)

ميکروسکوڤ (Jawi)
mikroskop-mikroskop (plural)
mikroskopku (first-person informal possessive)
mikroskopmu (possessive second-person)
mikroskopnya (possessive third-person)

From English microscope, from New Latin microscopium.


baka

sistem (kuasa) baka


baka

baka (Jawi spelling باک, plural baka-baka, informal 1st possessive bakaku, 2nd possessive bakamu, 3rd possessive bakanya)

باک (Jawi)
baka-baka (plural)
bakaku (first-person informal possessive)
bakamu (possessive second-person)
bakanya (possessive third-person)

baka bercampur


kota

kota (Jawi spelling کوتا, plural kota-kota, informal 1st possessive kotaku, 2nd possessive kotamu, 3rd possessive kotanya)

کوتا (Jawi)
kota-kota (plural)
kotaku (first-person informal possessive)
kotamu (possessive second-person)
kotanya (possessive third-person)

> Indonesian: kota (inherited)

desc

> Peranakan Indonesian: kota (inherited)

→ Swahili: ukuta

From Sanskrit कोट्ट (koṭṭa) or Tamil கோட்டம் (kōṭṭam).

bor

Tamil கோட்டம் (kōṭṭam)


selatan

ms-noun

selatan (Jawi spelling سلاتن, informal 1st possessive selatanku, 2nd possessive selatanmu, 3rd possessive selatannya)

سلاتن (Jawi)
selatanku (first-person informal possessive)
selatanmu (possessive second-person)
selatannya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *sAlatan, *silatan, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salatan, *silatan.


kan

Cantik kan baju ni?


agama

agama (Jawi spelling اݢام, plural agama-agama, informal 1st possessive agamaku, 2nd possessive agamamu, 3rd possessive agamanya)

اݢام (Jawi)
agama-agama (plural)
agamaku (first-person informal possessive)
agamamu (possessive second-person)
agamanya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: agama

→ Maguindanao: agama

→ Maranao: agama

→ Tausug: agama

From Sanskrit आगम (āgama, “a traditional doctrine or precept”).

bor

religion (system of beliefs dealing with soul, deity and/or life after death)


cas

→ Indonesian: cas

(Indonesian)

(electromagnetism, chemistry) an electric charge.


simbol

ms-noun

simbol (Jawi spelling سيمبول, plural simbol-simbol, informal 1st possessive simbolku, 2nd possessive simbolmu, 3rd possessive simbolnya)

سيمبول (Jawi)
simbol-simbol (plural)
simbolku (first-person informal possessive)
simbolmu (possessive second-person)
simbolnya (possessive third-person)


herba

herba (Jawi spelling هربا, plural herba-herba, informal 1st possessive herbaku, 2nd possessive herbamu, 3rd possessive herbanya)

هربا (Jawi)
herba-herba (plural)
herbaku (first-person informal possessive)
herbamu (possessive second-person)
herbanya (possessive third-person)

From English herb, from Middle English herbe, erbe, from Old French erbe (French herbe), from Latin herba.

Any green, leafy plant, or parts thereof, used to flavour or season food.

A plant whose roots, leaves or seeds, etc. are used in medicine.

(botany) A plant whose stem is not woody and does not persist beyond each growing season.


kanin

From English canine, from Latin caninus (“of the dog, dog-like”).