juga

Nene, juga dikenali sebagai angsa Hawaii,…

Nene, also known as the Hawaiian goose,…

Adam tetap bermandi-manda juga di sungai walaupun sudah dimarah oleh emak.

Adam still goes on to bathe in the river despite having just been scolded by Mum.


polisi

ms-noun

polisi (Jawi spelling ڤوليسي, plural polisi-polisi, informal 1st possessive polisiku, 2nd possessive polisimu, 3rd possessive polisinya)

ڤوليسي (Jawi)
polisi-polisi (plural)
polisiku (first-person informal possessive)
polisimu (possessive second-person)
polisinya (possessive third-person)

From English policy, from Middle French policie, from Late Latin politia (“citizenship; government”), classical Latin polītīa (in Cicero), from Ancient Greek πολιτεία (politeía, “citizenship; polis, (city) state; government”), from πολίτης (polítēs, “citizen”).


polisi

ms-noun

polisi (plural polisi-polisi, informal 1st possessive polisiku, 2nd possessive polisimu, 3rd possessive polisinya)

polisi-polisi (plural)
polisiku (first-person informal possessive)
polisimu (possessive second-person)
polisinya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch politie (“police”), from Middle Dutch policie, from Middle French policie, from Latin politia (“state, government”), from Ancient Greek πολιτεία (politeía). Doublet of polis. First attested as politie in the Kitab Vortaro published in 1923.

(Indonesia: Riau) alternative spelling of polis (“police”)


masuk

From Proto-Malayic *masuk (compare
Indonesian masuk), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
*suk (compare Tagalog pasok), from
Proto-Austronesian *suk.


duga

Indonesian: duga

to measure or gauge the depth of a body of water


asal

asal (Jawi spelling اصل, plural asal-usul, informal 1st possessive asalku, 2nd possessive asalmu, 3rd possessive asalnya)

اصل (Jawi)
asal-usul (plural)
asalku (first-person informal possessive)
asalmu (possessive second-person)
asalnya (possessive third-person)

Etymology tree
Arabic أَصْل (ʔaṣl)bor.
Malay asalBorrowed from Arabic أَصْل (ʔaṣl). doublet of asli. Sense of interrogation extended from conjunction with overlap from elision of apa pasal or apasal from apa (“what”) + pasal (“cause, subject”).

etymon

Asal kau makan makanan aku?


asal

Tulang buku tu saya dah baiki sedekat keadaan asalnya yang mungkin.

I've fixed the book's spine as close to its original condition as possible.

Orang asal tempat tu dah lama tuntut wang pampasan tanah adat, tapi berapa kali rayu pun kerajaan tak peduli.

The natives have long asked for compensation over their customary lands, but the government don't even care a single plead.


asal

Indonesian: asal

→ Ternate: asal

as long as, only if, provided that, providing


mentah

From Proto-Malayic *məntah (compare Indonesian mentah), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *mataq (compare Chamorro mata', Gilbertese mata, Hawaiian maka, Malagasy manta, Maori mata).


kut

Apheresis of takut. Compare usage of English 'fraid, from afraid.

Saya boleh cuba. Tapi susah kut. Satu sebab jauh. Susah saya nak aim.

2021 February 26, Ismi Fa Ismail, SIHIR: Episod 5, page 121:

I can try. But I'm afraid it'll be hard. For one, because it's far. Hard for me to aim.

(colloquial, sentence-final) Indicates a supposition or uncertainty.


rumbia

ms-noun

rumbia (Jawi spelling رومبيا, plural rumbia-rumbia, informal 1st possessive rumbiaku, 2nd possessive rumbiamu, 3rd possessive rumbianya)

رومبيا (Jawi)
rumbia-rumbia (plural)
rumbiaku (first-person informal possessive)
rumbiamu (possessive second-person)
rumbianya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: rumbia

From Proto-Malayic *rumbia, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀumbia.
First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (rumviya).


esok

tomorrow (The day after the present day.)


esok

Indonesian: esok

→ Minangkabau: isuak

tomorrow (On the day after the present day.)


ibu

ibu (Jawi spelling ايبو, plural ibu-ibu, informal 1st possessive ibuku, 2nd possessive ibumu, 3rd possessive ibunya)

ايبو (Jawi)
ibu-ibu (plural)
ibuku (first-person informal possessive)
ibumu (possessive second-person)
ibunya (possessive third-person)

> Indonesian: ibu (inherited)

→ Iban: ibu


telaga

telaga (Jawi spelling تلاݢ, plural telaga-telaga, informal 1st possessive telagaku, 2nd possessive telagamu, 3rd possessive telaganya)

تلاݢ (Jawi)
telaga-telaga (plural)
telagaku (first-person informal possessive)
telagamu (possessive second-person)
telaganya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: telaga

→ Ternate: talaga

First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684AD. From Sanskrit तलक (talaka, “pond”), तडाग (taḍāga, “pond”).

short for telaga tahi (“water closet, lavatory; toilet”).


nyiur

nyiur (Jawi spelling ڽيور, plural nyiur-nyiur, informal 1st possessive nyiurku, 2nd possessive nyiurmu, 3rd possessive nyiurnya)

ڽيور (Jawi)
nyiur-nyiur (plural)
nyiurku (first-person informal possessive)
nyiurmu (possessive second-person)
nyiurnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: nyiur

→ Semai: je'eer

From Proto-Malayic *ñiur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *niuʀ.
First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (ñiyur).

Nasi pulut yang ditanak dan diarung dengan santan segar yang diperah dari nyiur yang dikukur sendiri. Nasi pulut ini adalah bekalan ketika Mak Aja dan anak-anak menunggu durian luruh.

2023 January 8, Norlisa Kasturi, “Pulut tanak, nyiur kukur”, in Utusan Malaysia, archived from the original on 2023-01-08:

The glutinous rice is boiled and topped with fresh coconut milk squeezed from grated coconuts. This glutinous rice is a supply when Mak Aja and the children are waiting for durian to fall.


mangga

mangga (Jawi spelling مڠݢ, plural mangga-mangga, informal 1st possessive manggaku, 2nd possessive manggamu, 3rd possessive mangganya)

مڠݢ (Jawi)
mangga-mangga (plural)
manggaku (first-person informal possessive)
manggamu (possessive second-person)
mangganya (possessive third-person)

> Indonesian: mangga (inherited)

→ Asi: mangga

→ Bikol Central: mangga

→ Brooke's Point Palawano: mangga

→ Cebuano: mangga

→ Central Dusun: mangga

i

→ Chinese: 芒果 (mángguǒ) (or from another Southeast Asian language)

→ Hiligaynon: mangga

→ Javanese: ꦩꦔ꧀ꦒ (mangga)

desctree

→ Portuguese: manga
→ English: mango (see there for further descendants)
→ Middle French: manga
French: mangue
→ Galician: manga
→ Hunsrik: Manga
→ Spanish: manga

→ Tagalog: mangga

→ Tausug: mangga

→ Tiruray: mangga

→ Yakan: mangga

Borrowed from Tamil மாங்காய் (māṅkāy), from மா (mā, “mango”) + காய் (kāy, “unripe fruit, vegetable”), cognate with Malayalam മാങ്ങ (māṅṅa), Telugu మామిడికాయ (māmiḍikāya).


pejam

From Proto-Malayic (compare Indonesian pejam), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian (compare Fijian moce, Hawaiian moe (“to sleep”), Maori moe (“to sleep”), Rapa Nui moe (“to sleep”), Tahitian moe (“to sleep”)).


taman

ms-noun

taman (Jawi spelling تامن, plural taman-taman, informal 1st possessive tamanku, 2nd possessive tamanmu, 3rd possessive tamannya)

تامن (Jawi)
taman-taman (plural)
tamanku (first-person informal possessive)
tamanmu (possessive second-person)
tamannya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: taman

Possibly from Classical Persian چمن (čaman, “lawn, meadow, orchard”).


panah

ms-noun

panah (Jawi spelling ڤانه, plural panah-panah, informal 1st possessive panahku, 2nd possessive panahmu, 3rd possessive panahnya)

ڤانه (Jawi)
panah-panah (plural)
panahku (first-person informal possessive)
panahmu (possessive second-person)
panahnya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *panah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *panaq, from Proto-Austronesian *panaq. Compare with Tagalog pana (“bow”).


panah

Indonesian: panah


tiram

tiram (Jawi spelling تيرم, plural tiram-tiram, informal 1st possessive tiramku, 2nd possessive tirammu, 3rd possessive tiramnya)

تيرم (Jawi)
tiram-tiram (plural)
tiramku (first-person informal possessive)
tirammu (possessive second-person)
tiramnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: tiram

From Proto-Malayic *tirəm, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tiʀəm.


benua

benua (Jawi spelling بنوا, plural benua-benua, informal 1st possessive benuaku, 2nd possessive benuamu, 3rd possessive benuanya)

بنوا (Jawi)
benua-benua (plural)
benuaku (first-person informal possessive)
benuamu (possessive second-person)
benuanya (possessive third-person)

Baba Malay: benua

Indonesian: benua

From Proto-Malayic *bənua, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *banua, from Proto-Austronesian *banua. Cognate with Iban menua and Maori whenua.
First attested in the Kedukan Bukit inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (vanua).

benua Afrika

(geography) continent (each of main land-masses on earth's surface)

benua China


gempa

gempa (Jawi spelling ݢمڤا, plural gempa-gempa, informal 1st possessive gempaku, 2nd possessive gempamu, 3rd possessive gempanya)

ݢمڤا (Jawi)
gempa-gempa (plural)
gempaku (first-person informal possessive)
gempamu (possessive second-person)
gempanya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: gêmpa


udang

udang (Jawi spelling اودڠ, plural udang-udang, informal 1st possessive udangku, 2nd possessive udangmu, 3rd possessive udangnya)

اودڠ (Jawi)
udang-udang (plural)
udangku (first-person informal possessive)
udangmu (possessive second-person)
udangnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: udang

From Proto-Malayic *hudaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *hudaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *hudaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qudaŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *qudaŋ.


cuka

cuka (Jawi spelling چوک, plural cuka-cuka, informal 1st possessive cukaku, 2nd possessive cukamu, 3rd possessive cukanya)

چوک (Jawi)
cuka-cuka (plural)
cukaku (first-person informal possessive)
cukamu (possessive second-person)
cukanya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: cuka

→ Bikol Central: suka

→ Cebuano: suka

→ Ilocano: suka

desc

→ Javanese: ꦕꦺꦴꦏꦏ꧀ (cokak), ꦕꦸꦏꦏ꧀ (cukak)

→ Maranao: soka'

→ Tagalog: suka

Possibly either:
* Borrowed from Prakrit *𑀘𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓 (*cukka), from Sanskrit चुक्र (cukra, “sourness; fruit vinegar”). Compare Bengali চুকা (cuka, “sour, acid”).
* Persian سرکا (serkâ, “vinegar”)


alu

ms-noun

alu (Jawi spelling الو, plural alu-alu, informal 1st possessive aluku, 2nd possessive alumu, 3rd possessive alunya)

الو (Jawi)
alu-alu (plural)
aluku (first-person informal possessive)
alumu (possessive second-person)
alunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: alu

From Proto-Malayic *halu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qahəlu, from Proto-Austronesian *qaSəlu (“pestle”).

pestle (instrument used with a mortar to grind things)


tanam

Indonesian: tanam

From Proto-Malayic *tanəm (compare Indonesian tanam), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tanəm (compare Cebuano tanum (“plant”), Chamorro tanom, Samoan tanu), from Proto-Austronesian *CaNəm (“grave, to bury”) (compare Amis tadem).
First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (tānaṃ) in the form [script needed] (nitānaṃ).


hujan

ms-noun

hujan (Jawi spelling هوجن, plural hujan-hujan, informal 1st possessive hujanku, 2nd possessive hujanmu, 3rd possessive hujannya)

هوجن (Jawi)
hujan-hujan (plural)
hujanku (first-person informal possessive)
hujanmu (possessive second-person)
hujannya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: hujan

From Proto-Malayic *hujan, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *hujan, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *hujan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quzan, from Proto-Austronesian *quzaN.


ruang

ruang (Jawi spelling رواڠ, plural ruang-ruang, informal 1st possessive ruangku, 2nd possessive ruangmu, 3rd possessive ruangnya)

رواڠ (Jawi)
ruang-ruang (plural)
ruangku (first-person informal possessive)
ruangmu (possessive second-person)
ruangnya (possessive third-person)

> Indonesian: ruang (inherited)

→ Burmese: ရုံ (rum)

→ Khmer: រោង (roong)

desc

→ Mon: ရိုၚ်

→ Mon: ရိုၚ်

→ Thai: โรง (roong)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *Ruqaŋ (“hole, pit”).

inh

Ruang tamu

An area of the house that is usually without that much activity and is calming.

Ruang kosong


kereta

ms-noun

kĕreta (Jawi spelling کريتا, plural kereta-kereta, informal 1st possessive keretaku, 2nd possessive keretamu, 3rd possessive keretanya)

kĕreta (canonical)
کريتا (Jawi)
kereta-kereta (plural)
keretaku (first-person informal possessive)
keretamu (possessive second-person)
keretanya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: kêrèta

Etymology tree
Old Galician-Portuguese carro
Portuguese carro
Portuguese -eta
Portuguese carretabor.
Malay kereta
From Portuguese carreta.

etymon

automobile, car, motorcar: A wheeled vehicle that moves independently, with at least three wheels, powered mechanically, steered by a driver and mostly for personal transportation.

Kereta hitam itu kereta saya.


manuk

ms-noun

manuk (Jawi spelling مانوق, plural manuk-manuk, informal 1st possessive manukku, 2nd possessive manukmu, 3rd possessive manuknya)

مانوق (Jawi)
manuk-manuk (plural)
manukku (first-person informal possessive)
manukmu (possessive second-person)
manuknya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: manuk

→ Kensiu: manuk

→ Semai: manuk

→ Semnam: manuk

From Proto-Malayic *manuk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *manuk, from Proto-Austronesian *manuk.


tengah

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təŋaq. Cognate with Balinese tengah, Cebuano tunga; and distantly with Maori tonga (“south”), Samoan toga (“south”)

Kak Tam tengah buat apa, sekarang?
What is Kak Tam doing right now?

Maka pada masa itu aku tengah mengajar seorang2 saudagar di rumah Tuan John Morgan.

2005 [1849], Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir, edited by Amin Sweeney, Hikayat Abdullah (Karya Lengkap Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir Munsyi; 3), Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia, →ISBN, page 427:

Still at that time I was in the middle of teaching a merchant at the house of Lord John Morgan.

(colloquial) in the middle of doing, currently


tengah

tengah (Jawi spelling تڠه, informal 1st possessive tengahku, 2nd possessive tengahmu, 3rd possessive tengahnya)

تڠه (Jawi)
tengahku (first-person informal possessive)
tengahmu (possessive second-person)
tengahnya (possessive third-person)

Ada seekor beruang di tengah padang itu.

There's a bear in the middle of the field.

pertengahan [causative passive + resultative


kutub

kutub (Jawi spelling قطب, plural kutub-kutub, informal 1st possessive kutubku, 2nd possessive kutubmu, 3rd possessive kutubnya)

قطب (Jawi)
kutub-kutub (plural)
kutubku (first-person informal possessive)
kutubmu (possessive second-person)
kutubnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: kutub

kutub utara

kutub selatan


kejam

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian (compare Fijian moce, Hawaiian moe (“to sleep”), Indonesian pejam, Maori moe (“to sleep”), Rapa Nui moe (“to sleep”), Tahitian moe (“to sleep”)).


tuhan

tuhan (Jawi spelling توهن, plural tuhan-tuhan, informal 1st possessive tuhanku, 2nd possessive tuhanmu, 3rd possessive tuhannya)

توهن (Jawi)
tuhan-tuhan (plural)
tuhanku (first-person informal possessive)
tuhanmu (possessive second-person)
tuhannya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *tuan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatuan (compare Gilbertese atua, Hawaiian akua, Maori atua, Samoan atua, Tahitian atua, Tuvaluan atua). Doublet of tuan.


telu

From Proto-Malayic *təlu, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *təlu, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *təlu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təlu, from Proto-Austronesian *təlu.
First attested in the Kedukan Bukit inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (tlu).

dua ratus cāra di sāmvau daṅan jālan sarivu tlu ratus sapulu dua vañakña dātaṃ di mukha upaṃ

as many as two-hundred in dugouts, with one-thousand, three hundred and twelve foot soldiers.


tahun

tahun (Jawi spelling تاهون, plural tahun-tahun, informal 1st possessive tahunku, 2nd possessive tahunmu, 3rd possessive tahunnya)

تاهون (Jawi)
tahun-tahun (plural)
tahunku (first-person informal possessive)
tahunmu (possessive second-person)
tahunnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: tahun

From Proto-Malayic *tahun, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqun (compare Maori tau).


katak

katak (Jawi spelling کاتق, plural katak-katak, informal 1st possessive katakku, 2nd possessive katakmu, 3rd possessive kataknya)

کاتق (Jawi)
katak-katak (plural)
katakku (first-person informal possessive)
katakmu (possessive second-person)
kataknya (possessive third-person)

(politics, slang, derogatory, Malaysia) defector: a politician who simply switches between different political parties.


tambang

tambang (Jawi spelling تامبڠ, informal 1st possessive tambangku, 2nd possessive tambangmu, 3rd possessive tambangnya)

تامبڠ (Jawi)
tambangku (first-person informal possessive)
tambangmu (possessive second-person)
tambangnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: tambang

ferry: a ship used to transport people, smaller vehicles and goods from one port to another, usually on a regular schedule.

load: a certain number of articles or quantity of material that can be transported


tambang

tambang (informal 1st possessive tambangku, 2nd possessive tambangmu, 3rd possessive tambangnya)

tambangku (first-person informal possessive)
tambangmu (possessive second-person)
tambangnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: tambang

Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian

(rare) mine: an excavation from which ore or solid minerals are taken, especially one consisting of underground tunnels.


manusia

manusia (Jawi spelling ماءنسي, plural manusia-manusia, informal 1st possessive manusiaku, 2nd possessive manusiamu, 3rd possessive manusianya)

ماءنسي (Jawi)
manusia-manusia (plural)
manusiaku (first-person informal possessive)
manusiamu (possessive second-person)
manusianya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from Sanskrit मनुष्य (manuṣyá, “human being”).


lapang

> Indonesian: lapang (inherited)


yatim

ms-noun

yatim (Jawi spelling يتيم, plural yatim-yatim, informal 1st possessive yatimku, 2nd possessive yatimmu, 3rd possessive yatimnya)

يتيم (Jawi)
yatim-yatim (plural)
yatimku (first-person informal possessive)
yatimmu (possessive second-person)
yatimnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: yatim

orphan; someone who has lost one of his or her parents


kelawar

kelawar (Jawi spelling کلاور, plural kelawar-kelawar, informal 1st possessive kelawarku, 2nd possessive kelawarmu, 3rd possessive kelawarnya)

کلاور (Jawi)
kelawar-kelawar (plural)
kelawarku (first-person informal possessive)
kelawarmu (possessive second-person)
kelawarnya (possessive third-person)

From kelelawar by haplology, from Proto-Malayic, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kula-la(m)baʀ. Possibly related to Proto-Austronesian *lawaʀ (“flying squirrel”).


kelawar

Phono-semantic matching of Dutch klaveren.


bokor

ms-noun

bokor (Jawi spelling بوکور, plural bokor-bokor, informal 1st possessive bokorku, 2nd possessive bokormu, 3rd possessive bokornya)

بوکور (Jawi)
bokor-bokor (plural)
bokorku (first-person informal possessive)
bokormu (possessive second-person)
bokornya (possessive third-person)

Balinese: bokor

Indonesian: bokor

Javanese: bokor

Old Javanese: bokor

Sasak: bokor

Sundanese: bokor


bahaya

bahaya (Jawi spelling بهاي, plural bahaya-bahaya, informal 1st possessive bahayaku, 2nd possessive bahayamu, 3rd possessive bahayanya)

بهاي (Jawi)
bahaya-bahaya (plural)
bahayaku (first-person informal possessive)
bahayamu (possessive second-person)
bahayanya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: bahaya

→ Ternate: bahaya

From Sanskrit भय (bhaya, “risk, peril”).


tunu

Indonesian: tunu

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tunu, from Proto-Austronesian *CuNuh.

menunukan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

ditunukan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


nuri

nuri (Jawi spelling نوري, plural nuri-nuri, informal 1st possessive nuriku, 2nd possessive nurimu, 3rd possessive nurinya)

نوري (Jawi)
nuri-nuri (plural)
nuriku (first-person informal possessive)
nurimu (possessive second-person)
nurinya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: nuri

→ English: lory

→ West Makian: nuri

→ Maranao: nori

→ Tausug: nuli


bulu

bulu (Jawi spelling بولو, plural bulu-bulu, informal 1st possessive buluku, 2nd possessive bulumu, 3rd possessive bulunya)

بولو (Jawi)
bulu-bulu (plural)
buluku (first-person informal possessive)
bulumu (possessive second-person)
bulunya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *bulu, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *bulu, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *bulu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bulu.

(anatomy) hair (the collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of humans and animals)


terbang

From Proto-Malayic *-baŋ, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-baŋ.

menerbangkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]


hulu

hulu (Jawi spelling هولو, plural hulu-hulu, informal 1st possessive huluku, 2nd possessive hulumu, 3rd possessive hulunya)

هولو (Jawi)
hulu-hulu (plural)
huluku (first-person informal possessive)
hulumu (possessive second-person)
hulunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: hulu

zh-l

烏魯／乌鲁 (Wūlǔ)

→ Chinese: 烏魯／乌鲁 (Wūlǔ)

→ English: ulu

From Proto-Malayic *hulu(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qulu, from Proto-Austronesian *qulu, doublet of ulu. Head sense mainly replaced by kepala but preserved in court language.

(anatomy, obsolete) head (part of the body)

hulu keris: keris hilt or handle


kacang

ms-noun

kacang (Jawi spelling کاچڠ, plural kacang-kacang, informal 1st possessive kacangku, 2nd possessive kacangmu, 3rd possessive kacangnya)

کاچڠ (Jawi)
kacang-kacang (plural)
kacangku (first-person informal possessive)
kacangmu (possessive second-person)
kacangnya (possessive third-person)


kacang

Kacang je peperiksaan ni.

(figurative, colloquial) easy as pie; very easy


kodok

kodok (Jawi spelling کودوق, plural kodok-kodok, informal 1st possessive kodokku, 2nd possessive kodokmu, 3rd possessive kodoknya)

کودوق (Jawi)
kodok-kodok (plural)
kodokku (first-person informal possessive)
kodokmu (possessive second-person)
kodoknya (possessive third-person)


mandi

English: mandi

mandi kerbau

water buffalo bath, to improperly take a bath

mandi safar

an archaic ritual influenced by Hindu customs


keju

keju (Jawi spelling کيجو, plural keju-keju, informal 1st possessive kejuku, 2nd possessive kejumu, 3rd possessive kejunya)

کيجو (Jawi)
keju-keju (plural)
kejuku (first-person informal possessive)
kejumu (possessive second-person)
kejunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: keju

From Portuguese queijo, from Old Galician-Portuguese queijo, from Latin cāseus, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kwh₂et- (“to ferment, become sour”).


pandan

ms-noun

pandan (Jawi spelling ڤندن, plural pandan-pandan, informal 1st possessive pandanku, 2nd possessive pandanmu, 3rd possessive pandannya)

ڤندن (Jawi)
pandan-pandan (plural)
pandanku (first-person informal possessive)
pandanmu (possessive second-person)
pandannya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: pandan

→ Chinese: 斑蘭／斑兰

→ English: pandan

→ Hawaiian: pānakana

→ Russian: пандан (pandan)

→ New Latin: pandanus

→ English: pandanus

→ French: pandanus

→ Translingual: Pandanus

→ Semai: panat

From Proto-Malayic *pandan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paŋdan, from Proto-Austronesian *paŋudaN.

any plant of the genus Pandanus of screw pines

Pandanus amaryllifolius
Pandanus amaryllifolius#Translingual

Pandanus amaryllifolius, an aromatic tropical plant

food flavour derived from the leaves of Pandanus amaryllifolius


kadar

kadar (Jawi spelling قدر, plural kadar-kadar, informal 1st possessive kadarku, 2nd possessive kadarmu, 3rd possessive kadarnya)

قدر (Jawi)
kadar-kadar (plural)
kadarku (first-person informal possessive)
kadarmu (possessive second-person)
kadarnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: kadar

From Arabic قَدْر (qadr), قَدَر (qadar).

sekadarkan [comparability + causative benefactive]

perkadaran [causative passive + repetition


urat

urat (Jawi spelling اورت, plural urat-urat, informal 1st possessive uratku, 2nd possessive uratmu, 3rd possessive uratnya)

اورت (Jawi)
urat-urat (plural)
uratku (first-person informal possessive)
uratmu (possessive second-person)
uratnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: urat

From Proto-Malayic *urat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uʀat, from Proto-Austronesian *huʀaC. Doublet of otot.


kasih

kasih (Jawi spelling کاسيه, plural kasih-kasih, informal 1st possessive kasihku, 2nd possessive kasihmu, 3rd possessive kasihnya)

کاسيه (Jawi)
kasih-kasih (plural)
kasihku (first-person informal possessive)
kasihmu (possessive second-person)
kasihnya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-qasiq (“mercy, pity, affection”).
First attested in the Kota Kapur inscription, 686 CE, as Old Malay [script needed] (kasīh), in inflected form kasīhan (current spelling kasihan). Sense of "giving" may be semantic extension from the action of loving into repaying or providing reciprocal affection.


kasih

mengasihi [agent focus + causative benefactive]

berkasih-kasihan [reduplication + stative


tangan

ms-noun

tangan (Jawi spelling تاڠن, plural tangan-tangan, informal 1st possessive tanganku, 2nd possessive tanganmu, 3rd possessive tangannya)

تاڠن (Jawi)
tangan-tangan (plural)
tanganku (first-person informal possessive)
tanganmu (possessive second-person)
tangannya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: tangan

From Proto-Malayic *taŋan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taŋan. (compare Banjarese tangan, Iban tangan, Indonesian tangan, Minangkabau tangan).


ajak

ajak (Jawi spelling اجق, plural ajak-ajak, informal 1st possessive ajakku, 2nd possessive ajakmu, 3rd possessive ajaknya)

اجق (Jawi)
ajak-ajak (plural)
ajakku (first-person informal possessive)
ajakmu (possessive second-person)
ajaknya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *ajak, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *ajak, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *ajak, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *azak.


ajak

to invite (ask for the presence or participation of someone)


otak

otak (Jawi spelling اوتق, plural otak-otak, informal 1st possessive otakku, 2nd possessive otakmu, 3rd possessive otaknya)

اوتق (Jawi)
otak-otak (plural)
otakku (first-person informal possessive)
otakmu (possessive second-person)
otaknya (possessive third-person)

→ English: otak-otak (via the plural otak-otak)

Indonesian: otak

→ Javanese: utak (via the obsolete utak)

From utak, from Proto-Malayic *hutək, *utək, *utak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hutək, *qutək, *qutak. Doublet of botak and kotak.


kerja

kerja (Jawi spelling کرجا, plural kerja-kerja, informal 1st possessive kerjaku, 2nd possessive kerjamu, 3rd possessive kerjanya)

کرجا (Jawi)
kerja-kerja (plural)
kerjaku (first-person informal possessive)
kerjamu (possessive second-person)
kerjanya (possessive third-person)

From Sanskrit कार्य (kārya), doublet of karya. Displaced gawai.


kerja

desctree

> Indonesian: kerja (inherited)
→ As: kerja

→ Javanese: ꦏꦼꦂꦗ (kerja)

→ Minangkabau: karajo

mengerjakan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dikerjakan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

memperkerjakan [causative agent focus + causative benefactive]

diperkerjakan [causative passive focus + causative benefactive]


henti

Indonesian: henti

From Proto-Malayic *hənti, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qəti, from Proto-Austronesian *qəCi.

perhentian [causative passive + resultative

menghentikan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dihentikan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


mulut

ms-noun

mulut (Jawi spelling مولوت, plural mulut-mulut, informal 1st possessive mulutku, 2nd possessive mulutmu, 3rd possessive mulutnya)

مولوت (Jawi)
mulut-mulut (plural)
mulutku (first-person informal possessive)
mulutmu (possessive second-person)
mulutnya (possessive third-person)

mouth (the opening of an animal through which food is ingested)


burung

burung (Jawi spelling بوروڠ, plural burung-burung, informal 1st possessive burungku, 2nd possessive burungmu, 3rd possessive burungnya)

بوروڠ (Jawi)
burung-burung (plural)
burungku (first-person informal possessive)
burungmu (possessive second-person)
burungnya (possessive third-person)

desctree

Indonesian: burung, boeroeng (pre-1947)
→ Asilulu: burung


tasik

ms-noun

tasik (Jawi spelling تاسيق, plural tasik-tasik, informal 1st possessive tasikku, 2nd possessive tasikmu, 3rd possessive tasiknya)

تاسيق (Jawi)
tasik-tasik (plural)
tasikku (first-person informal possessive)
tasikmu (possessive second-person)
tasiknya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: tasik

From Proto-Malayic *tasik, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tasik.


nasi

nasi (Jawi spelling ناسي, plural nasi-nasi, informal 1st possessive nasiku, 2nd possessive nasimu, 3rd possessive nasinya)

ناسي (Jawi)
nasi-nasi (plural)
nasiku (first-person informal possessive)
nasimu (possessive second-person)
nasinya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: nasi
→ Dutch: nasi

→ English: nasi

From Proto-Malayic *nasi, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *in-asi, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *asi₃.

(uncountable) Rice cooked by either steaming or boiling; cooked rice.

(countable) A white-coloured pimple; a whitehead.


sinar

sinar (Jawi spelling سينر, plural sinar-sinar, informal 1st possessive sinarku, 2nd possessive sinarmu, 3rd possessive sinarnya)

سينر (Jawi)
sinar-sinar (plural)
sinarku (first-person informal possessive)
sinarmu (possessive second-person)
sinarnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: sinar

From Proto-Malayic *sinar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sinaʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *siNaʀ (compare Tagalog sinag, Fijian siga, Samoan masina).

menyinari [agent focus + causative benefactive]


umum

From Arabic عُمُوم (ʕumūm, “the public”).

untuk tontonan umum

secara umum dikenali sebagai


umum

Pemenang akan diumumkan sebentar lagi.

The winner shall be announced in a moment.


lidah

lidah (Jawi spelling ليده, plural lidah-lidah, informal 1st possessive lidahku, 2nd possessive lidahmu, 3rd possessive lidahnya)

ليده (Jawi)
lidah-lidah (plural)
lidahku (first-person informal possessive)
lidahmu (possessive second-person)
lidahnya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *dilah by metathesis, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dilaq (“tongue”), from Proto-Austronesian *dilaq (“to lick”). Doublet of jilat.


getah

getah (Jawi spelling ݢته, plural getah-getah, informal 1st possessive getahku, 2nd possessive getahmu, 3rd possessive getahnya)

ݢته (Jawi)
getah-getah (plural)
getahku (first-person informal possessive)
getahmu (possessive second-person)
getahnya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gətəq (“sap, gummy secretion”), *-təq (“sap, gummy secretion”).


kunci

ms-noun

kunci (Jawi spelling کونچي, plural kunci-kunci, informal 1st possessive kunciku, 2nd possessive kuncimu, 3rd possessive kuncinya)

کونچي (Jawi)
kunci-kunci (plural)
kunciku (first-person informal possessive)
kuncimu (possessive second-person)
kuncinya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: kunci

→ Iban: kunchi

→ Thai: กุญแจ (gun-jɛɛ) (semi-learned)

From Hindi कुंजी (kuñjī, “key”), from Punjabi ਕੁੰਜੀ (kuñjī) / کُنجِی (kunjī), from Sanskrit कुञ्चिका (kuñcikā).

Kunci pintu


kunci

Minta kunci pintu ini sekejap.


kaum

kaum (Jawi spelling قوم, plural kaum-kaum, informal 1st possessive kaumku, 2nd possessive kaummu, 3rd possessive kaumnya)

قوم (Jawi)
kaum-kaum (plural)
kaumku (first-person informal possessive)
kaummu (possessive second-person)
kaumnya (possessive third-person)

group of people with common traits, such as an ethnic group or race


erat

From Proto-Malayic *(h)ərət, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *həʀət, from Proto-Austronesian *SəʀəC (“to bind tightly; belt”).

inh

Mereka berpelukan erat-erat.


erat

Indonesian: erat

Saya memegang erat tangan anak saya semasa kami melintasi jalan yang sibuk itu.

I kept a firm hold of my daughter’s hand as we crossed the busy street.

Dia berasa selamat dalam pelukannya yang erat.

mengeratkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dieratkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


duyung

ms-noun

duyung (Jawi spelling دويوڠ, plural duyung-duyung, informal 1st possessive duyungku, 2nd possessive duyungmu, 3rd possessive duyungnya)

دويوڠ (Jawi)
duyung-duyung (plural)
duyungku (first-person informal possessive)
duyungmu (possessive second-person)
duyungnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: duyung

→ Afrikaans: doejong, doegong

→ Dutch: doejong

→ Ido: duyongo

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duyuŋ from Proto-Austronesian *duyuŋ. Doublet of dugong.


nabi

nabi (Jawi spelling نبي, plural nabi-nabi, informal 1st possessive nabiku, 2nd possessive nabimu, 3rd possessive nabinya)

نبي (Jawi)
nabi-nabi (plural)
nabiku (first-person informal possessive)
nabimu (possessive second-person)
nabinya (possessive third-person)


salah

Indonesian: salah

Etymology tree
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salaq
Proto-Malayic *salah
Malay salah
From Proto-Malayic *salah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salaq.

etymon

menyalahkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

menyalahi [agent focus + causative benefactive]


salah

(theology) A violation of God's will or religious law.


mati

From Proto-Malayic *mati (compare Indonesian mati), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(m-)atay (compare Cebuano matay, Chamorro matai, Fijian mate, Hawaiian make, Ilocano matay, Javanese mati, Kapampangan mate, mete, Malagasy maty, Maori mate, Palauan mad, Rapa Nui mate, Tagalog matay, Tahitian mate), from Proto-Austronesian *(m-)aCay.


mati

> Indonesian: mati (inherited)

→ Hokkien: 馬滴／马滴 (má-tih)


kepala

ms-noun

kĕpala (Jawi spelling کڤالا, plural kepala-kepala, informal 1st possessive kepalaku, 2nd possessive kepalamu, 3rd possessive kepalanya)

kĕpala (canonical)
کڤالا (Jawi)
kepala-kepala (plural)
kepalaku (first-person informal possessive)
kepalamu (possessive second-person)
kepalanya (possessive third-person)

From Sanskrit कपाल (kapāla, “skull”). Main anatomy sense mostly displaced native word hulu except in court language.
* Sense of leader and chief is a semantic loan from Dutch hoofd, compare with penghulu.
* The computing sense is a semantic loan from English head.

kepala kain: front broad stripe found in some sarong patterns

kepala susu: cream of milk

kepala santan: coconut cream

kepala surat: letterhead

kepala berita: headline

kepala lutut: kneecap, patella

Kepala suku

Kepala sekolah

(computing) head: part of a disk drive responsible for reading and writing data.


pecah

Indonesian: pecah

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *peceq (“break into several large pieces; to hatch, of an egg”), from Proto-Austronesian *peceq (“break into several large pieces”). Cognate with Tagalog pisa and Hawaiian hoa.

inh

Cawan kaca ini pecah disebabkan oleh bunyi yang bernada tinggi itu.

This glass cup broke because of that high-pitched sound.


utara

ms-noun

utara (Jawi spelling اوتارا or اتارا or اوتار or اوترا, plural utara-utara, informal 1st possessive utaraku, 2nd possessive utaramu, 3rd possessive utaranya)

اوتارا (Jawi)
اتارا (Jawi)
اوتار (Jawi)
اوترا (Jawi)
utara-utara (plural)
utaraku (first-person informal possessive)
utaramu (possessive second-person)
utaranya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from Sanskrit उत्तर (uttara). Displaced native Malay laut from Proto-Malayic *laut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lahud, from Proto-Austronesian *lahud.


utara

→ Indonesian: utara

north (meteorology: of wind, from the north)


bibir

bibir (Jawi spelling بيبير, plural bibir-bibir, informal 1st possessive bibirku, 2nd possessive bibirmu, 3rd possessive bibirnya)

بيبير (Jawi)
bibir-bibir (plural)
bibirku (first-person informal possessive)
bibirmu (possessive second-person)
bibirnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: bibir


bini

bini (Jawi spelling بيني, plural bini-bini, informal 1st possessive biniku, 2nd possessive binimu, 3rd possessive bininya)

بيني (Jawi)
bini-bini (plural)
biniku (first-person informal possessive)
binimu (possessive second-person)
bininya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *bini, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *binahi (“woman, wife”); compare Urak Lawoi' บีนี (bini), Jarai bơnai.


oleh

by (indicates the actor in a clause with its verb in the passive voice)


oleh

ms-noun

oleh (Jawi spelling اوليه, plural oleh-oleh, informal 1st possessive olehku, 2nd possessive olehmu, 3rd possessive olehnya)

اوليه (Jawi)
oleh-oleh (plural)
olehku (first-person informal possessive)
olehmu (possessive second-person)
olehnya (possessive third-person)


sarung

sarung (Jawi spelling ساروڠ, plural sarung-sarung, informal 1st possessive sarungku, 2nd possessive sarungmu, 3rd possessive sarungnya)

ساروڠ (Jawi)
sarung-sarung (plural)
sarungku (first-person informal possessive)
sarungmu (possessive second-person)
sarungnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: sarung

→ Afrikaans: sarong

→ Burmese: သားလှောင် (sa:hlaung)

→ Cebuano: sarong

→ Dutch: saroeng

→ French: sarong

→ Romanian: sarong

→ Spanish: sarong

→ English: sarong

→ Karao: sarong

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saruŋ (“sheath, sheath-like container; to sheathe a weapon”). Cognate with Javanese ꦱꦫꦸꦁ (sarung).

inh+

menyarungkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

menyarungi [agent focus + causative benefactive]

disarungkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

disarungi [patient focus + causative benefactive]

sarong (garment made of printed cloth wrapped about the waist)


budi

ms-noun

budi (Jawi spelling بودي, plural budi-budi, informal 1st possessive budiku, 2nd possessive budimu, 3rd possessive budinya)

بودي (Jawi)
budi-budi (plural)
budiku (first-person informal possessive)
budimu (possessive second-person)
budinya (possessive third-person)

From Sanskrit बुद्धि (buddhi, “intelligence, mind, reason”).


rambut

ms-noun

rambut (Jawi spelling رامبوت, plural rambut-rambut, informal 1st possessive rambutku, 2nd possessive rambutmu, 3rd possessive rambutnya)

رامبوت (Jawi)
rambut-rambut (plural)
rambutku (first-person informal possessive)
rambutmu (possessive second-person)
rambutnya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *rambut. Might be compared to Manggarai ramut.

1922, A.H. Hill ed., Hikayat Raja-raja Pasai, in Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, Straits Branch, page 4,
Maka ujar Mĕrah Gajah kapada tuan putĕri itu, "Wah adinda, mari hamba bantunkan rambut tuan putĕri sa'hĕlai itu."

Merah Gajah said to the princess, "My beloved, let me pluck that single stray hair of yours."

Hujung bulan itu, dia menggunting lagi rambut budak-budak dalam kampung dan dua hari kemudiannya, saya lihat dia telah mengemaskan begnya.

1990, Hashim Awang, Othman Puteh, Cahaya Langit, Penerbitan Budiman, →ISBN, page 27:

At the end of the month, he once again cut the hair of the kids in the village and two days later, I saw that he had packed his bags.

Farid mengusap rambut ayahnya.

2006, Ida Rizyani Tahir, Jalan Jauh ke Kampus, PTS Fortuna, →ISBN, page 162:

(anatomy) hair (a pigmented keratinaceous growth on the human head)


kulit

kulit (Jawi spelling کوليت, plural kulit-kulit, informal 1st possessive kulitku, 2nd possessive kulitmu, 3rd possessive kulitnya)

کوليت (Jawi)
kulit-kulit (plural)
kulitku (first-person informal possessive)
kulitmu (possessive second-person)
kulitnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: kulit

From Proto-Malayic *kulit, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *kulit, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *kulit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kulit, from Proto-Austronesian *kuliC.

skin (outer covering of the body of a person)

leather (material produced by tanning animal skin)


putih

Indonesian: putih

From Proto-Malayic *putih, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)putiq.


putih

putih (Jawi spelling ڤوتيه, plural putih-putih, informal 1st possessive putihku, 2nd possessive putihmu, 3rd possessive putihnya)

ڤوتيه (Jawi)
putih-putih (plural)
putihku (first-person informal possessive)
putihmu (possessive second-person)
putihnya (possessive third-person)


umur

umur (Jawi spelling عمور, plural umur-umur, informal 1st possessive umurku, 2nd possessive umurmu, 3rd possessive umurnya)

عمور (Jawi)
umur-umur (plural)
umurku (first-person informal possessive)
umurmu (possessive second-person)
umurnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: umur

→ Ternate: umur

Borrowed from Arabic عُمُر (ʕumur, “age”).

Berapa umur anda?


manis

Indonesian: manis

Possibly come from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)(h)emis, with *ma- + with Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(h)emis. Compare Tagalog matamis.

memaniskan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

bermanis [stative

to speak in a sweet manner; to act sweetly

manis-manisan [reduplication + resultative


pintu

pintu (Jawi spelling ڤينتو, plural pintu-pintu, informal 1st possessive pintuku, 2nd possessive pintumu, 3rd possessive pintunya)

ڤينتو (Jawi)
pintu-pintu (plural)
pintuku (first-person informal possessive)
pintumu (possessive second-person)
pintunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: pintu

→ Tok Pisin: pitu

Probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *nt₁uuʔ (“hole, pit”).

door (portal of entry into a building or room)


cacat

cacat (Jawi spelling چاچت, plural cacat-cacat, informal 1st possessive cacatku, 2nd possessive cacatmu, 3rd possessive cacatnya)

چاچت (Jawi)
cacat-cacat (plural)
cacatku (first-person informal possessive)
cacatmu (possessive second-person)
cacatnya (possessive third-person)


cacat

(slang, often derogatory, offensive) retarded


tebu

tebu (Jawi spelling تبو, plural tebu-tebu, informal 1st possessive tebuku, 2nd possessive tebumu, 3rd possessive tebunya)

تبو (Jawi)
tebu-tebu (plural)
tebuku (first-person informal possessive)
tebumu (possessive second-person)
tebunya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *təbu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təbuh (compare Chamorro tupu, Fijian dovu), from Proto-Austronesian *təbuS.

sugar cane (species of grass whose sap is a source of sugar)


duri

duri (Jawi spelling دوري, plural duri-duri, informal 1st possessive duriku, 2nd possessive durimu, 3rd possessive durinya)

دوري (Jawi)
duri-duri (plural)
duriku (first-person informal possessive)
durimu (possessive second-person)
durinya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: duri

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *duʀi. Compare Malagasy rui, Acehnese duroë, Kosraean sri and Fijian sui.

duri tajam


buah

buah (Jawi spelling بواه, plural buah-buah or buah-buahan, informal 1st possessive buahku, 2nd possessive buahmu, 3rd possessive buahnya)

بواه (Jawi)
buah-buah (plural)
buah-buahan (plural)
buahku (first-person informal possessive)
buahmu (possessive second-person)
buahnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: buah

From Proto-Malayic *buah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buaq, from Proto-Austronesian *buaq. First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (vuaḥ).
* The sense of result and outcome are probably semantic loan from Sanskrit फल (phala, “result, yield, consequence”, literally “fruit”). Compare with Tagalog bunga with both fruit and result senses, while Malay bunga means flower.

sl

buah catur: chess piece

buah dadu: dice

buah tasbih: beads on a rosary or the like

any small and/or roundish holdable object resembling fruit or otherwise


buah

Classifier for anything generally concretely big and has volume.


rokok

ms-noun

rokok (Jawi spelling روکوق, plural rokok-rokok, informal 1st possessive rokokku, 2nd possessive rokokmu, 3rd possessive rokoknya)

روکوق (Jawi)
rokok-rokok (plural)
rokokku (first-person informal possessive)
rokokmu (possessive second-person)
rokoknya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: rokok

→ Petjo: rokok

Membazir duit sahaja membeli rokok.

Buying cigarettes is just a waste of money.


beri

Indonesian: beri

From Proto-Malayic *bəri, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀay, from Proto-Austronesian *bəʀay (“to give”).

to give (transfer the possession of something to someone else)

memberikan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

diberikan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


selamat

sĕlamat (Jawi spelling سلامت, plural selamat-selamat, informal 1st possessive selamatku, 2nd possessive selamatmu, 3rd possessive selamatnya)

sĕlamat (canonical)
سلامت (Jawi)
selamat-selamat (plural)
selamatku (first-person informal possessive)
selamatmu (possessive second-person)
selamatnya (possessive third-person)

From Arabic سَلَامَات (salāmāt), plural of سَلَام (salām).


selamat

Indonesian: selamat

→ Javanese: ꦱ꧀ꦭꦩꦼꦠ꧀ (slamet)

→ Brooke's Point Palawano: selamat

Selamat jalan!

Selamat Hari Raya!
Happy Eid ul-Fitr!


tahu

> Indonesian: tahu (inherited)

From Proto-Malayic *tahu(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Chamic, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqu, from Proto-Austronesian *Caqu.
First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (tāhu).

diketahui [passive + causative benefactive + patient focus]

to know (be certain or sure about something)

Aku tidak tahu.


erti

erti (Jawi spelling ارتي, plural erti-erti, informal 1st possessive ertiku, 2nd possessive ertimu, 3rd possessive ertinya)

ارتي (Jawi)
erti-erti (plural)
ertiku (first-person informal possessive)
ertimu (possessive second-person)
ertinya (possessive third-person)

From Sanskrit अर्थ (artha, “meaning”). Doublet of reti and harta.


erti

head

erti (Jawi spelling ارتي, active mengerti, 3rd person passive dimengerti)

ارتي (Jawi)
mengerti (active)
dimengerti (passive third-person)

> Indonesian: erti (inherited)

Saya tak mengerti apa dia katakan.


berat

ms-noun

berat (Jawi spelling برت, informal 1st possessive beratku, 2nd possessive beratmu, 3rd possessive beratnya)

برت (Jawi)
beratku (first-person informal possessive)
beratmu (possessive second-person)
beratnya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *bərat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)bəʀəqat.


derma

derma (Jawi spelling درما, plural derma-derma, informal 1st possessive dermaku, 2nd possessive dermamu, 3rd possessive dermanya)

درما (Jawi)
derma-derma (plural)
dermaku (first-person informal possessive)
dermamu (possessive second-person)
dermanya (possessive third-person)

From Sanskrit धर्म (dharma, “morality, religion, duty, law”).


derma

head

derma (Jawi spelling درما, active menderma, 3rd person passive diderma)

درما (Jawi)
menderma (active)
diderma (passive third-person)

Datuk saya menderma RM100,000 kepada sekolah ini.

My grandfather donated RM100,000 to this school.


kilat

ms-noun

kilat (Jawi spelling کيلت, plural kilat-kilat, informal 1st possessive kilatku, 2nd possessive kilatmu, 3rd possessive kilatnya)

کيلت (Jawi)
kilat-kilat (plural)
kilatku (first-person informal possessive)
kilatmu (possessive second-person)
kilatnya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *kilat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kilat, from Proto-Austronesian *likaC.


layar

layar (Jawi spelling لاير, plural layar-layar, informal 1st possessive layarku, 2nd possessive layarmu, 3rd possessive layarnya)

لاير (Jawi)
layar-layar (plural)
layarku (first-person informal possessive)
layarmu (possessive second-person)
layarnya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *layar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *layaʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *layaʀ.
cognates
Cognate with Iban layar,
Moken layan, Sundanese ᮜᮚᮁ (layar), Balinese layah, Acehnese layeuë, Tagalog layag, Bikol Central layag, Cebuano layag, Chamorro layak, Malagasy lay, Fijian laca, Niuean lā, Samoan lā, Tongan lā, Hawaiian lā Maori rā, Tahitian rā.

(nautical) sail (a piece of fabric attached to a boat)

screen (the viewing surface or area of a movie, or moving picture or slide presentation)


layar

Indonesian: layar

melayarkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

melayari [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dilayarkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

dilayari [patient focus + causative benefactive]

terlayarkan [agentless action + causative benefactive]

terlayari [agentless action + causative benefactive]

(intransitive) to sail (to ride in a boat, especially sailboat)


hati

hati (Jawi spelling هاتي, plural hati-hati, informal 1st possessive hatiku, 2nd possessive hatimu, 3rd possessive hatinya)

هاتي (Jawi)
hati-hati (plural)
hatiku (first-person informal possessive)
hatimu (possessive second-person)
hatinya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: hati

From Proto-Malayic *hati, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatay, from Proto-Austronesian *qaCay.

hati rapuh

Tersakit hatiku mendengarmu berkata begitu.

My heart aches hearing you say those things.


hiu

hiu (Jawi spelling هيو, plural hiu-hiu, informal 1st possessive hiuku, 2nd possessive hiumu, 3rd possessive hiunya)

هيو (Jawi)
hiu-hiu (plural)
hiuku (first-person informal possessive)
hiumu (possessive second-person)
hiunya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *hiu, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *hiu, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *hiu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qihu (compare Javanese ꦲꦶꦪꦸ (iyu), Fijian qio), from Proto-Austronesian *qiSu.


jati

Indonesian: jati

→ Tagalog: dati

Borrowed from Pali jāti, from Sanskrit जाति (jāti). Doublet of jadi, jata, and jelata.


jati

jati (Jawi spelling جاتي, plural jati-jati, informal 1st possessive jatiku, 2nd possessive jatimu, 3rd possessive jatinya)

جاتي (Jawi)
jati-jati (plural)
jatiku (first-person informal possessive)
jatimu (possessive second-person)
jatinya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: jati (“teak”)

→ Cebuano: yati (“teak”)

→ Min Nan: 惹致 (jiá-tì)

Borrowed from Old Javanese jati, from Sanskrit जाति (jāti). Doublet of jadi, jata, and jelata.


warta

warta (Jawi spelling ورتا, plural warta-warta, informal 1st possessive wartaku, 2nd possessive wartamu, 3rd possessive wartanya)

ورتا (Jawi)
warta-warta (plural)
wartaku (first-person informal possessive)
wartamu (possessive second-person)
wartanya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: warta

Borrowed from Javanese warta (ꦮꦂꦠ), from Old Javanese warta, wṛtta, from Sanskrit वार्त्ता (vārttā). Doublet of berita.

Akta ini mula berkuat kuasa pada tarikh yang ditetapkan oleh Menteri melalui pemberitahuan dalam Warta.

This Act comes into operation on a date to be appointed by the Minister by notification in the Gazette.

(law, often capitalized and italicized in legislations) gazette (official periodical publication by government)


warta

Indonesian: warta


beras

beras (Jawi spelling برس, plural beras-petas, informal 1st possessive berasku, 2nd possessive berasmu, 3rd possessive berasnya)

برس (Jawi)
beras-petas (plural)
berasku (first-person informal possessive)
berasmu (possessive second-person)
berasnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: beras

→ Nias: beras

From Proto-Malayic *bəras, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀas, from Proto-Austronesian *bəʀas.


cair

liquid: flowing freely like water; fluid; not solid and not gaseous; composed of particles that move freely among each other on the slightest pressure.

thin: of low viscosity or low specific gravity.

(figurative) fluid: convertible into cash.

(figurative) leaked: of a document, etc, produced by a company or organization, intended to be confidential but having been released to the public or the press.


hidup

hidup (Jawi spelling هيدوڤ, plural hidup-hidup, informal 1st possessive hidupku, 2nd possessive hidupmu, 3rd possessive hidupnya)

هيدوڤ (Jawi)
hidup-hidup (plural)
hidupku (first-person informal possessive)
hidupmu (possessive second-person)
hidupnya (possessive third-person)

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *hidup, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *hudip by metathesis, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qudip, from Proto-Austronesian *qudip.
First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (hidup) in the form [script needed] (maṃhidupi) (current spelling menghidupi).


hidup

> Indonesian: hidup (inherited)


tangis

From Proto-Malayic *taŋis, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taŋis, from Proto-Austronesian *Caŋis.


tangis

tangis (Jawi spelling تاڠيس, plural tangis-tangis, informal 1st possessive tangisku, 2nd possessive tangismu, 3rd possessive tangisnya)

تاڠيس (Jawi)
tangis-tangis (plural)
tangisku (first-person informal possessive)
tangismu (possessive second-person)
tangisnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: tangis


telur

telur (Jawi spelling تلور, plural telur-telur, informal 1st possessive telurku, 2nd possessive telurmu, 3rd possessive telurnya)

تلور (Jawi)
telur-telur (plural)
telurku (first-person informal possessive)
telurmu (possessive second-person)
telurnya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *təlur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qitəluʀ, *qatəluʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *qiCəluʀ.


gua

kau-

informal/towards God; friendly/older towards younger


gua

gua (Jawi spelling ݢوا, plural gua-gua, informal 1st possessive guaku, 2nd possessive guamu, 3rd possessive guanya)

ݢوا (Jawi)
gua-gua (plural)
guaku (first-person informal possessive)
guamu (possessive second-person)
guanya (possessive third-person)


rotan

rotan (Jawi spelling روتن, plural rotan-rotan, informal 1st possessive rotanku, 2nd possessive rotanmu, 3rd possessive rotannya)

روتن (Jawi)
rotan-rotan (plural)
rotanku (first-person informal possessive)
rotanmu (possessive second-person)
rotannya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: rotan

→ Afrikaans: rottang

→ English: rattan

→ English: rotan (noun)

→ French: rotin
→ Portuguese: rotim

From raut + -an, from raut (“to trim, pare down”), doublet of rautan.

rattan (any of several species of climbing palm of the genus Calamus)

(by extension) rattan (a cane made from rattan)


rotan

→ English: rotan (verb)


gali

Indonesian: gali

North Moluccan Malay: gale

From kali, from Proto-Malayic *kali, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kali, from Proto-Austronesian *kalih.

to dig (to move hard-packed earth out of the way)

gali-galian [reduplication + resultative

menggali-gali [reduplication + agent focus]


duli

duli (Jawi spelling دولي, plural duli-duli, informal 1st possessive duliku, 2nd possessive dulimu, 3rd possessive dulinya)

دولي (Jawi)
duli-duli (plural)
duliku (first-person informal possessive)
dulimu (possessive second-person)
dulinya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: duli


papan

papan (Jawi spelling ڤاڤن, plural papan-papan, informal 1st possessive papanku, 2nd possessive papanmu, 3rd possessive papannya)

ڤاڤن (Jawi)
papan-papan (plural)
papanku (first-person informal possessive)
papanmu (possessive second-person)
papannya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: papan

→ Rembong: papan

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *papan.


panca

From Sanskrit पञ्चन् (páñcan), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pánča, from Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe.


hadap

head

hadap (Jawi spelling هادڤ, used in the form menghadap)

هادڤ (Jawi)
menghadap (used-in-the-form)

Indonesian: hadap

→ Maranao: hadap

→ Tagalog: harap

From Proto-Malayic *hadəp, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *hadəp, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *hadəp, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qadəp.
Cognates
Cognate with Javanese adhep, Balinese harep, Sundanese hareup, Iban adap, Dairi Batak adep, Toba Batak adop, Tae' ara', Mandar are', Tagalog harap, Maranao adap, Yakan hap, Tausug alup, Mapun awop, Central Sama alop, Southern Sama alop, Samoan alo, Tongan ʻao, Tuvaluan alo, Rarotongan aro, Maori aro, Hawaiian alo.

(transitive) to face (position oneself/itself towards)

menghadapkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

menghadapi [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dihadapkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

dihadapi [patient focus + causative benefactive]


keti

Indonesian: keti

→ Malagasy: hetsi

From Sanskrit कोटि (kōṭi, “ten million”).


ribu

Indonesian: ribu

→ Bikol Central: ribo

→ Cebuano: libo

→ Hiligaynon: libo

→ Kapampangan: libu

→ Tagalog: libo

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀibu. First attested in the Kedukan Bukit inscription, 683 CE, as Old Malay [script needed] (rivu), in the form sarivu (current spelling seribu). Old Cham cognate form saribu also attested in the Đông Yên Châu inscription of the 4th century.
Also theorized to be late enough to be borrowed from Arabic رِبْوَة (ribwa) which meant “myriad” in reference to a currency.

Kedukan Bukit inscription
Đông Yên Châu inscription


nusa

ms-noun

nusa (Jawi spelling نوسا, plural nusa-nusa, informal 1st possessive nusaku, 2nd possessive nusamu, 3rd possessive nusanya)

نوسا (Jawi)
nusa-nusa (plural)
nusaku (first-person informal possessive)
nusamu (possessive second-person)
nusanya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *nusa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *nusa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *nusa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nusa.

island (area of land completely surrounded by water)


seri

Indonesian: seri, sri


impi

Indonesian: impi

From Proto-Malayic *impi, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hipi, from Proto-Austronesian *Sipi.

mengimpikan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

diimpikan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


sakar

sakar (Jawi spelling ساکر, plural sakar-sakar, informal 1st possessive sakarku, 2nd possessive sakarmu, 3rd possessive sakarnya)

ساکر (Jawi)
sakar-sakar (plural)
sakarku (first-person informal possessive)
sakarmu (possessive second-person)
sakarnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: sakar

From Persian شکر (šakar), from Sanskrit शर्करा (śarkarā), from Proto-Indo-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱorkeh₂. The Persian equivalent is قند (“sugar”).

sugar (sucrose from sugar cane or sugar beet and used to sweeten food and drink)


menteri

mĕntĕri (Jawi spelling منتري, plural menteri-menteri, informal 1st possessive menteriku, 2nd possessive menterimu, 3rd possessive menterinya)

mĕntĕri (canonical)
منتري (Jawi)
menteri-menteri (plural)
menteriku (first-person informal possessive)
menterimu (possessive second-person)
menterinya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: menteri

→ Portuguese: mandarim (see there for further descendants)

From Hindi मन्त्रि (mantri), from Sanskrit मन्त्री (mantrī), from Sanskrit मन्त्रिन् (mantrin, “minister, councillor”), from मन्त्र (mantra, “counsel, maxim, mantra”) + -इन् (-in, “an agent suffix”).

der

menteri luar negeri

(government) A minister; the head of a ministry.

Pada sūltan atau pada mantrī-nia

1812, William Marsden, A Dictionary of the Malayan language in two parts, Malayan and English and English and Malayan, →OCLC, page 2:

(archaic, historical) A high-ranking officer (the sultan's adviser, etc.).


buaya

ms-noun

buaya (Jawi spelling بوايا, plural buaya-buaya, informal 1st possessive buayaku, 2nd possessive buayamu, 3rd possessive buayanya)

بوايا (Jawi)
buaya-buaya (plural)
buayaku (first-person informal possessive)
buayamu (possessive second-person)
buayanya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: buaya

desc

峇仔 / 磨仔 / 末仔 / 磨野 / 磨頁 ／ 磨页

→ Hokkien: 峇仔 / 磨仔 / 末仔 / 磨野 / 磨頁 ／ 磨页 (bôa-iá / bôa-á / boah-á / boa̍h-á / ba̍h-á)

峇囝 / 䰾仔 / 鲃仔

→ Teochew: 峇囝 / 䰾仔 / 鲃仔 (bha⁷ gian²)

From Proto-Malayic *buhaya, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buqaya, from Proto-Austronesian *buqaya.
The sense of "playboy" is from a clipping of buaya darat.

(figurative, slang) A playboy, a man that has multiple partners.


ratu

ms-noun

ratu (Jawi spelling راتو, plural ratu-ratu, informal 1st possessive ratuku, 2nd possessive ratumu, 3rd possessive ratunya)

راتو (Jawi)
ratu-ratu (plural)
ratuku (first-person informal possessive)
ratumu (possessive second-person)
ratunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: ratu

From Old Javanese ratu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *datu. Cognate to Fijian ratu and Javanese ratu. Doublet of datuk, datu, and datung.

ratu fesyen

(figurative) A title for a female winner in beauty-based contests and others.

A queen:
(sports) The queen piece in chess.


kampung

kampung (Jawi spelling کامڤوڠ, plural kampung-kampung, informal 1st possessive kampungku, 2nd possessive kampungmu, 3rd possessive kampungnya)

کامڤوڠ (Jawi)
kampung-kampung (plural)
kampungku (first-person informal possessive)
kampungmu (possessive second-person)
kampungnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: kampung

→ Dutch: kampong
→ English: compound

→ English: kampong / kampung

→ Min Nan: 甘榜 (kám-pung, kam-póng, kam-pōng), 監光／监光 (kam-kong), 鑒光／鉴光 (kàm-kong), 監江／监江 (kam-kang)

Mandarin: 甘榜 (gānbǎng; gānbōng)

Cantonese: 甘榜 (gam3 bong1)

From Proto-Malayic *kampuŋ. Compare Minangkabau kampuang.
* According to Dempwolff, the Malay word is a derivation from Proto-Malayic *puŋ (“to collect, gather”).
* Related to Khmer កំពង់ (kɑmpŭəng, “port; landing-place”) due to the historical ties between Malay and Khmer people in ancient times. However, according to Dempwolff, relationship to Khmer កំពង់ (kɑmpŭəng, “port; landing-place”) is considered coincidental.

cog

berkampung-kampung [reduplication + stative

kampungan [repetition

having the characteristics of a small village

village group; place of gathering; cluster; group; peR- + -an

seperkampungan [causative passive + resultative

perkampungan [causative passive + repetition

to call; to summon; to gather; meN- + -kan

mengampungkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

mengampungi [agent focus + causative benefactive]

to be summoned; to be gathered; di- + -kan

dikampungkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

dikampungi [patient focus + causative benefactive]

Kampung itu banyak tempat yang indah.

That village has many beautiful places to see.

village (a rural habitation of size between a hamlet and a town)

Aku dah lama kenal Nick, kami ni sekampung.

I have known Nick for a long time, we came from the same place.

Kampung Cina ― Chinatown

community (an area inhabited by a particular ethnic group)


kampung

کامڤوڠ (Jawi)

kopi kampung

(figurative) folk, homemade, local, popular

(derogatory) low, vulgar, old-fashioned, unsophisticated.


tani

ms-noun

tani (Jawi spelling تاني, informal 1st possessive taniku, 2nd possessive tanimu)

تاني (Jawi)
taniku (first-person informal possessive)
tanimu (possessive second-person)

(literal) man; person - See derived terms below.

pertanian [causative passive + resultative

petani [passive

farmer; person that tends to agricultural land


kursi

kursi (informal 1st possessive kursiku, 2nd possessive kursimu, 3rd possessive kursinya)

kursiku (first-person informal possessive)
kursimu (possessive second-person)
kursinya (possessive third-person)

From Arabic كُرْسِيّ (kursiyy). Doublet of kerusi.

(education) chair: a distinguished professorship at a university.


putra

putra (plural putra-putra, informal 1st possessive putraku, 2nd possessive putramu, 3rd possessive putranya)

putra-putra (plural)
putraku (first-person informal possessive)
putramu (possessive second-person)
putranya (possessive third-person)


madu

madu (Jawi spelling مادو, plural madu-madu, informal 1st possessive maduku, 2nd possessive madumu, 3rd possessive madunya)

مادو (Jawi)
madu-madu (plural)
maduku (first-person informal possessive)
madumu (possessive second-person)
madunya (possessive third-person)


madu

madu (plural madu-madu, informal 1st possessive maduku, 2nd possessive madumu, 3rd possessive madunya)

madu-madu (plural)
maduku (first-person informal possessive)
madumu (possessive second-person)
madunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: madu

Unknown, perhaps as semantic loan from Chinese 蜜 (mì, “honey, mistress”).

semantic loan

mistress or wife in a polygyny relation.


langit

ms-noun

langit (Jawi spelling لاڠيت, plural langit-langit, informal 1st possessive langitku, 2nd possessive langitmu, 3rd possessive langitnya)

لاڠيت (Jawi)
langit-langit (plural)
langitku (first-person informal possessive)
langitmu (possessive second-person)
langitnya (possessive third-person)

> Indonesian: langit (inherited)

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *laŋit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laŋit, from Proto-Austronesian *laŋiC. Cognate with Tagalog langit.


kutu

kutu (Jawi spelling کوتو, plural kutu-kutu, informal 1st possessive kutuku, 2nd possessive kutumu, 3rd possessive kutunya)

کوتو (Jawi)
kutu-kutu (plural)
kutuku (first-person informal possessive)
kutumu (possessive second-person)
kutunya (possessive third-person)

→ English: cootie

Indonesian: kutu

From Proto-Malayic *kutu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kutu, from Proto-Austronesian *kuCu.

mengutui [agent focus + causative benefactive]


kutu

Indonesian: kutu

From Tamil கூட்டு (kūṭṭu, “addition, collection, association”).

bor

habitual + agent focus + causative benefactive]

habitual + causative passive + resultative


pinggan

ms-noun

pinggan (Jawi spelling ڤيڠݢن, plural pinggan-pinggan, informal 1st possessive pingganku, 2nd possessive pingganmu, 3rd possessive pinggannya)

ڤيڠݢن (Jawi)
pinggan-pinggan (plural)
pingganku (first-person informal possessive)
pingganmu (possessive second-person)
pinggannya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: pinggan

→ Bikol Central: pinggan

→ Brunei Malay: pinggan

→ Burmese: ပန်းကန် (pan:kan)

→ Cebuano: pinggan (“chinaware”)

→ Mapun: pinggan (“bowl”)

→ Old Javanese: piṅgan

Javanese: ꦥꦶꦁꦒꦤ꧀ (pinggan, “plate”)

→ Rade: mngan (“large bowl”)

→ Tagalog: pinggan

→ Waray-Waray: pinggan

Borrowed from Tamil பீங்கான் (pīṅkāṉ, “ceramic”), ultimately from Classical Persian پنگان (pingān, “cup; bowl”). See also reborrowed term in modern Persian, فنجان (fenjân) (compare Cebuano pinggan (“chinaware”)).

der

sepinggan nasi goreng

seperti pinggan dengan mangkuk, salah sedikit hendak berhantuk


lisan

From Classical Malay lisan, from Arabic لِسَان (lisān, “tongue”).

ujian lisan


lisan

ms-noun

lisan (Jawi spelling ليسن, plural lisan-lisan, informal 1st possessive lisanku, 2nd possessive lisanmu, 3rd possessive lisannya)

ليسن (Jawi)
lisan-lisan (plural)
lisanku (first-person informal possessive)
lisanmu (possessive second-person)
lisannya (possessive third-person)


kalo

(informal, colloquial) Alternative form of kalau (“if”)


kalo

kalo (Jawi spelling کالو, plural kalo-kalo, informal 1st possessive kaloku, 2nd possessive kalomu, 3rd possessive kalonya)

کالو (Jawi)
kalo-kalo (plural)
kaloku (first-person informal possessive)
kalomu (possessive second-person)
kalonya (possessive third-person)


muda

Indonesian: muda

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *muda (“young (of fruits); immature; light (of colors)”); reconstructed by Robert Blust (compare Tongan mula (“(of yam) lower end while still soft and juicy (as it is while the yam is still immature)”); also compare Amis molaʔ (“immature, unlearned, uneducated, childish, without experience”) from Proto-Austronesian *mudaq).
Or from Pali muddha (“foolish, bewildered”), from Sanskrit मुग्ध (mugdha, “foolish, bewildered, young”).

der

Orang muda

Biru muda

Manggis muda


sakit

Indonesian: sakit

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *sakit, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sakit.
First attested in the Kota Kapur inscription, 686 CE, as Old Malay [script needed] (sākit).

menyakitkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]


sakit

ms-noun

sakit (Jawi spelling ساکيت, plural sakit-sakit, informal 1st possessive sakitku, 2nd possessive sakitmu, 3rd possessive sakitnya)

ساکيت (Jawi)
sakit-sakit (plural)
sakitku (first-person informal possessive)
sakitmu (possessive second-person)
sakitnya (possessive third-person)


pitu

From Proto-Malayic *pitu, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *pitu, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *pitu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pitu, from Proto-Austronesian *pitu.


laba

laba (plural laba-laba, informal 1st possessive labaku, 2nd possessive labamu, 3rd possessive labanya)

laba-laba (plural)
labaku (first-person informal possessive)
labamu (possessive second-person)
labanya (possessive third-person)

melabakan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

melabai [agent focus + causative benefactive]


bambu

head

bambu (Jawi spelling بمبو, plural bambu-bambu)

Indonesian: bambu

desctree

→ Portuguese: bambu
→ Asturian: bambú
→ Catalan: bambú
→ Dutch: bamboe (see there for further descendants)
→ French: bambou
→ Moore: bambu
→ Norman: bambou
→ Russian: бамбу́к (bambúk) (or Dutch bamboe or English bamboo) (see there for further descendants)
→ Italian: bambù
→ Spanish: bambú

→ Tok Pisin: mambu

Etymology tree
Proto-Dravidian *wēmpu
Tamil வேம்பு (vēmpu)bor.
Proto-Dravidian *wēmpu
Kannada ಬಂಬು (bambu)bor.
Malay bambu
Borrowed from Tamil வேம்பு (vēmpu) and/or Kannada ಬಂಬು (bambu).


susu

ms-noun

susu (Jawi spelling سوسو, informal 1st possessive susuku, 2nd possessive susumu, 3rd possessive susunya)

سوسو (Jawi)
susuku (first-person informal possessive)
susumu (possessive second-person)
susunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: susu

→ Petjo: soesoe

→ Tok Pisin: susu

From Proto-Malayic *susu(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *susu, from Proto-Austronesian *susu.


pilih

Indonesian: pilih

From Proto-Malayic *pilih, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *piliq, from Proto-Austronesian *piliq.

memilihkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dipilihkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

(transitive) to choose (to pick; to make a choice)

(transitive, intransitive) to choose (to elect)


arus

arus (Jawi spelling اروس, plural arus-arus, informal 1st possessive arusku, 2nd possessive arusmu, 3rd possessive arusnya)

اروس (Jawi)
arus-arus (plural)
arusku (first-person informal possessive)
arusmu (possessive second-person)
arusnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: arus

From Proto-Malayic *harus, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaʀus.


naga

naga (Jawi spelling ناݢ, plural naga-naga, informal 1st possessive nagaku, 2nd possessive nagamu, 3rd possessive naganya)

ناݢ (Jawi)
naga-naga (plural)
nagaku (first-person informal possessive)
nagamu (possessive second-person)
naganya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from Sanskrit नाग (nāgá, “large snake”).


pada

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pada (“same, equal, like”). Compare the semantic with sama.

inh

Pada siapakah kunci?

Aku berinya pada dia.

Pada pandangannya,…

Padanya dunia ini kejam.

Pada bahasa Perancis, baik kamu belajar bahasa Inggeris.

Instead of French, you might as well learn English.


pada

Burung-burung itu pada berebut meminta makanan.

The birds are together scrambling to ask for food.


pada

ms-noun

pada (plural pada-pada, informal 1st possessive padaku, 2nd possessive padamu, 3rd possessive padanya)

pada-pada (plural)
padaku (first-person informal possessive)
padamu (possessive second-person)
padanya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from Sanskrit पद (pada, “foot”).

(archaic) the feet of royalty (as a royal form of address)

mayapada

marcapada


kasi

Wei, kasi aku rasa kentang goreng kau sikit?

Oi, can you let me have a taste of your fries?


ardi

ardi (Jawi spelling ارض or اردي, plural ardi-ardi, informal 1st possessive ardiku, 2nd possessive ardimu, 3rd possessive ardinya)

ارض (Jawi)
اردي (Jawi)
ardi-ardi (plural)
ardiku (first-person informal possessive)
ardimu (possessive second-person)
ardinya (possessive third-person)


wangkang

wangkang (Jawi spelling وڠکڠ, plural wangkang-wangkang, informal 1st possessive wangkangku, 2nd possessive wangkangmu, 3rd possessive wangkangnya)

وڠکڠ (Jawi)
wangkang-wangkang (plural)
wangkangku (first-person informal possessive)
wangkangmu (possessive second-person)
wangkangnya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian [Term?], compare Maori waka.


anggap

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *a(ŋ)gap (“to think carefully about, consider”).


luak

Cognate with luak, from Proto-Malayic *luah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *luaq.


tunjuk

تونجوق (Jawi)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuzuk. Doublet of tujuh.

Tunjukkan kepadaku nama-nama orang yang kamu sayangi.

Show me the names of the people you love.


penuh

Indonesian: penuh

From Proto-Malayic *pənuh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pənuq, from Proto-Austronesian *pəNuq. Cognate with Tagalog puno and Malagasy feno.

full (containing the maximum possible amount)

memenuhkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

memenuhi [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dipenuhkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

dipenuhi [patient focus + causative benefactive]

terpenuhi [agentless action + causative benefactive]


penyu

ms-noun

penyu (Jawi spelling ڤڽو, plural penyu-penyu, informal 1st possessive penyuku, 2nd possessive penyumu, 3rd possessive penyunya)

ڤڽو (Jawi)
penyu-penyu (plural)
penyuku (first-person informal possessive)
penyumu (possessive second-person)
penyunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: penyu

From Proto-Malayic *pəñu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pəñu, from Proto-Austronesian *pəñu. Cognate with Brunei Malay panyu, and Pattani Malay and Terengganu Malay piyung.

cog

sea turtle (any turtle that inhabits oceans)


taruh

From Proto-Malayic *taruh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taʀuq.

Bubur ni kalau kita taruh lagi banyak lada lagi sedap

This porridge tastes better if we add more chili.


guruh

From kuruh, from Proto-Malayic *kuruh (compare Indonesian guruh), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kuʀuq (compare Chamorro hulu, Fijian kuru).


hidung

ms-noun

hidung (Jawi spelling هيدوڠ, plural hidung-hidung, informal 1st possessive hidungku, 2nd possessive hidungmu, 3rd possessive hidungnya)

هيدوڠ (Jawi)
hidung-hidung (plural)
hidungku (first-person informal possessive)
hidungmu (possessive second-person)
hidungnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: hidung

From Proto-Malayic *hiduŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ijuŋ, *ujuŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *mujiŋ.


kemudian

کمودين (Jawi)

mudi + ke- -an. Mudi is from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian (compare Fijian muri).


perahu

perahu (Jawi spelling ڤراهو, plural perahu-perahu, informal 1st possessive perahuku, 2nd possessive perahumu, 3rd possessive perahunya)

ڤراهو (Jawi)
perahu-perahu (plural)
perahuku (first-person informal possessive)
perahumu (possessive second-person)
perahunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: perahu

→ Min Nan: 婆荖 (pô͘-láu)

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *pArahu (compare Indonesian perahu), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paʀaqu (compare Tongan folau).


tumbuh

تومبوه (Jawi)

Indonesian: tumbuh

From Proto-Malayic *tumbuh, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *tumbuh, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tubuq, from Proto-Austronesian *Cubuq.

(intransitive) to grow (to become bigger)


lumut

lumut (Jawi spelling لوموت, plural lumut-lumut, informal 1st possessive lumutku, 2nd possessive lumutmu, 3rd possessive lumutnya)

لوموت (Jawi)
lumut-lumut (plural)
lumutku (first-person informal possessive)
lumutmu (possessive second-person)
lumutnya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *lumut, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *lumut, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *lumut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lumut.


buluh

buluh (Jawi spelling بولوه, plural buluh-buluh, informal 1st possessive buluhku, 2nd possessive buluhmu, 3rd possessive buluhnya)

بولوه (Jawi)
buluh-buluh (plural)
buluhku (first-person informal possessive)
buluhmu (possessive second-person)
buluhnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: buluh

From Proto-Malayic *buluh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buluq, from Proto-Austronesian *buluq.
First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (vuluḥ)


ucap

From Proto-Malayic [Term?] (compare Indonesian ucap), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian [Term?] (compare Fijian vosa).


takut

From Proto-Malayic *takut (compare Indonesian takut), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)takut (compare Maori mataku, Rapa Nui mataku, Tagalog takot), from Proto-Austronesian *(ma-)takut.


takut

Indonesian: takut


lubang

lubang (Jawi spelling لوبڠ, plural lubang-lubang, informal 1st possessive lubangku, 2nd possessive lubangmu, 3rd possessive lubangnya)

لوبڠ (Jawi)
lubang-lubang (plural)
lubangku (first-person informal possessive)
lubangmu (possessive second-person)
lubangnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: lubang

→ English: lobang

From Proto-Malayic *lubaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lubaŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *lubaŋ (“burial pit”). Doublet of lowong and luang.

der

hole, hollow, orifice, perforation (opening in a solid):

(physics) in semiconductors, a lack of an electron in an occupied band behaving like a positively charged particle.

lubang pohon


labah

ms-noun

labah (Jawi spelling لابه, plural labah-labah, informal 1st possessive labahku, 2nd possessive labahmu, 3rd possessive labahnya)

لابه (Jawi)
labah-labah (plural)
labahku (first-person informal possessive)
labahmu (possessive second-person)
labahnya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lawaq Ilocano lawwa, Cebuano lawa & Tausug lawa'.


luah

> Indonesian: luah (inherited)

Cognate with luak, from Proto-Malayic *luah (compare Indonesian luah), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *luaq (compare Fijian lua, Malagasy lua, Maori ruaki).


nanah

nanah (Jawi spelling نانه, plural nanah-nanah, informal 1st possessive nanahku, 2nd possessive nanahmu, 3rd possessive nanahnya)

نانه (Jawi)
nanah-nanah (plural)
nanahku (first-person informal possessive)
nanahmu (possessive second-person)
nanahnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: nanah

From Proto-Malayic *nanah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nanaq, from Proto-Austronesian *naNaq.

pus (fluid found in regions of infection)

pernanahan [causative passive + resultative


bukit

bukit (Jawi spelling بوکيت, plural bukit-bukau, informal 1st possessive bukitku, 2nd possessive bukitmu, 3rd possessive bukitnya)

بوکيت (Jawi)
bukit-bukau (plural)
bukitku (first-person informal possessive)
bukitmu (possessive second-person)
bukitnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: bukit (“hill”)

→ Thai: ภูเก็ต (puu-gèt, “Phuket”)

From Proto-Malayic *bukit, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *bukit, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *bukit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bukij (compare Hiligaynon bukid, Waray-Waray bukid, Fijian buke, Maori puke), from Proto-Austronesian *bukij.


papar

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *parpar (“flat, level”).

inh

Tanah papar


papar

Indonesian: papar

Papar harga

Memapar projek

(obsolete) to conscript someone into the army


taci

ms-noun

taci (Jawi spelling تاچي, plural taci-taci, informal 1st possessive taciku, 2nd possessive tacimu, 3rd possessive tacinya)

تاچي (Jawi)
taci-taci (plural)
taciku (first-person informal possessive)
tacimu (possessive second-person)
tacinya (possessive third-person)


langau

langau (Jawi spelling لاڠاو, plural langau-langau, informal 1st possessive langauku, 2nd possessive langaumu, 3rd possessive langaunya)

لاڠاو (Jawi)
langau-langau (plural)
langauku (first-person informal possessive)
langaumu (possessive second-person)
langaunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: langau

From Proto-Malayic *laŋaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laŋaw.


tengar

tengar (Jawi spelling تڠر, plural tengar-tengar, informal 1st possessive tengarku, 2nd possessive tengarmu, 3rd possessive tengarnya)

تڠر (Jawi)
tengar-tengar (plural)
tengarku (first-person informal possessive)
tengarmu (possessive second-person)
tengarnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: tengar

→? Cebuano: tangal

From Proto-Malayic *təŋər, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təŋəʀ.


untung

untung (Jawi spelling اونتوڠ, plural untung-untung, informal 1st possessive untungku, 2nd possessive untungmu, 3rd possessive untungnya)

اونتوڠ (Jawi)
untung-untung (plural)
untungku (first-person informal possessive)
untungmu (possessive second-person)
untungnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: untung

From Proto-Malayic *untuŋ (compare Indonesian untung), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *utuŋ (compare Maori utu, Hawaiian uku).


kabut

kabut (Jawi spelling کابوت, plural kabut-kabut, informal 1st possessive kabutku, 2nd possessive kabutmu, 3rd possessive kabutnya)

کابوت (Jawi)
kabut-kabut (plural)
kabutku (first-person informal possessive)
kabutmu (possessive second-person)
kabutnya (possessive third-person)

Cognate with kabus, from Proto-Malayic *kabut (compare Indonesian kabut), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kabut (compare Fijian kabu, Hawaiian ʻohu, Maori kohu).

fog (cloud that forms at a low altitude and obscures vision)


tinjau

تينجاو (Jawi)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian (compare Maori tiro).

(transitive) To scrutinize; to inspect; to investigate.


roti

roti (Jawi spelling روتي, plural roti-roti, informal 1st possessive rotiku, 2nd possessive rotimu, 3rd possessive rotinya)

روتي (Jawi)
roti-roti (plural)
rotiku (first-person informal possessive)
rotimu (possessive second-person)
rotinya (possessive third-person)

> Indonesian: roti (inherited)

→ Javanese: ꦫꦺꦴꦠꦶ (roti)

zh-l

羅知／罗知 (lô-ti)

→ Min Nan: 羅知／罗知 (lô-ti)

→ Pattani Malay: راوْتي / รอตี

Borrowed from Tamil ரொட்டி (roṭṭi) or Hindi रोटी (roṭī, “bread”).


pusat

ms-noun

pusat (Jawi spelling ڤوست, plural pusat-pusat, informal 1st possessive pusatku, 2nd possessive pusatmu, 3rd possessive pusatnya)

ڤوست (Jawi)
pusat-pusat (plural)
pusatku (first-person informal possessive)
pusatmu (possessive second-person)
pusatnya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *pusət, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pusəj.

pusat bandar (city centre)

Pusat Sains Negara (National Science Centre)


kumis

kumis (Jawi spelling کوميس, plural kumis-kumis, informal 1st possessive kumisku, 2nd possessive kumismu, 3rd possessive kumisnya)

کوميس (Jawi)
kumis-kumis (plural)
kumisku (first-person informal possessive)
kumismu (possessive second-person)
kumisnya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *kumis (compare Indonesian kumis), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kumis (compare Fijian kumi).


putus

From Proto-Malayic [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian [Term?] (compare Fijian mudu, Maori mutu).


putus

(informal, Malaysian) ellipsis of putus hubungan, to break up a relationship


pasar

pasar (Jawi spelling ڤاسر, plural pasar-pasar, informal 1st possessive pasarku, 2nd possessive pasarmu, 3rd possessive pasarnya)

ڤاسر (Jawi)
pasar-pasar (plural)
pasarku (first-person informal possessive)
pasarmu (possessive second-person)
pasarnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: pasar

→ Balinese: ᬧᬲᬃ (pasar)

→ Chinese: 巴剎／巴刹

→ Dutch: pasar

→ Javanese: ꦥꦱꦂ (pasar)

→ Petjo: passer

→ Dutch: passer

→ Sundanese: ᮕᮞᮁ (pasar)

→ Western Cham: [script needed] (pasar)

→ Khmer: ផ្សារ (phsaa)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wes-der.
Proto-Indo-European *kʷel-der.
Middle Persian wʾčʾl
Classical Persian بازارbor.
Malay pasar
Borrowed from Classical Persian بازار (bāzār, “market”).


kain

ms-noun

kain (Jawi spelling کاءين, plural kain-kain, informal 1st possessive kainku, 2nd possessive kainmu, 3rd possessive kainnya)

کاءين (Jawi)
kain-kain (plural)
kainku (first-person informal possessive)
kainmu (possessive second-person)
kainnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: kain

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kain (“woman's skirt”).


kuku

ms-noun

kuku (Jawi spelling کوکو, plural kuku-kuku, informal 1st possessive kukuku, 2nd possessive kukumu, 3rd possessive kukunya)

کوکو (Jawi)
kuku-kuku (plural)
kukuku (first-person informal possessive)
kukumu (possessive second-person)
kukunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: kuku

From Proto-Malayic *kuku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kukuh, from Proto-Austronesian *kuSkuS.


dahi

dahi (Jawi spelling داهي, plural dahi-dahi, informal 1st possessive dahiku, 2nd possessive dahimu, 3rd possessive dahinya)

داهي (Jawi)
dahi-dahi (plural)
dahiku (first-person informal possessive)
dahimu (possessive second-person)
dahinya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: dahi

From Proto-Malayic *dahi, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daqih, from Proto-Austronesian *daqiS. Cognate with Kavalan zais (“face”), Paiwan djaqis (“forehead”), Eastern Cham ꨖꨬ (dhei, “forehead”), Chamorro ha'i, Hawaiian lae.

(anatomy) forehead (part of face above eyebrows)


daun

daun (Jawi spelling داءون, plural daun-daun, informal 1st possessive daunku, 2nd possessive daunmu, 3rd possessive daunnya)

داءون (Jawi)
daun-daun (plural)
daunku (first-person informal possessive)
daunmu (possessive second-person)
daunnya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *daun, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *daun, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *daun, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dahun.

daun telinga: pinna

daun pintu: hinged part of a door

daun pengayuh: oar blade

any flappy or blade-like part of something


mula

mula (Jawi spelling مولا, informal 1st possessive mulaku, 2nd possessive mulamu, 3rd possessive mulanya)

مولا (Jawi)
mulaku (first-person informal possessive)
mulamu (possessive second-person)
mulanya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: mula

dari mula lagi


mula

Segalanya bermula di sini.


mula

Mulakan enjin sekarang.

(transitive) to begin, to start, to commence


mutu

mutu (Jawi spelling موتو, plural mutu-mutu, informal 1st possessive mutuku, 2nd possessive mutumu, 3rd possessive mutunya)

موتو (Jawi)
mutu-mutu (plural)
mutuku (first-person informal possessive)
mutumu (possessive second-person)
mutunya (possessive third-person)

Probably from Tamil முது (mutu, “vast knowledge”).


tuju

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuzu.


ulat

ms-noun

ulat (Jawi spelling اولت, plural ulat-ulat, informal 1st possessive ulatku, 2nd possessive ulatmu, 3rd possessive ulatnya)

اولت (Jawi)
ulat-ulat (plural)
ulatku (first-person informal possessive)
ulatmu (possessive second-person)
ulatnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: ulat

From Proto-Malayic *hulət (compare Banjarese hulat, Brunei Malay ulat), from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *hulət, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *hulət, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quləj (compare Chamorro ulo', Javanese uler, Cebuano ulod, Fijian ulo, Maori iro), from Proto-Austronesian *quləj.

caterpillar (young of a butterfly or moth)

Ribuan ulat putih bergerak-gerak dengan rakusnya apabila sedang memakan sisa daging, sayur-sayuran dan buah-buahan yang diletakkan di dalam sebuah ladang yang pelik di barat daya China.

2017 June 13, “Ulat serangga bermanfaat di China [Insect larvae beneficial in China]”, in Media Permata, archived from the original on 2019-09-12:

Thousands of white maggots roamed voraciously while feeding on leftover meat, vegetables and fruits that were placed in a strange farm in southwestern China.


ajal

ajal (Jawi spelling اجل, plural ajal-ajal, informal 1st possessive ajalku, 2nd possessive ajalmu, 3rd possessive ajalnya)

اجل (Jawi)
ajal-ajal (plural)
ajalku (first-person informal possessive)
ajalmu (possessive second-person)
ajalnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: ajal


pending

pending (Jawi spelling ڤنديڠ, plural pending-pending, informal 1st possessive pendingku, 2nd possessive pendingmu, 3rd possessive pendingnya)

spelling ڤنديڠ (Jawi)
pending-pending (plural)
pendingku (first-person informal possessive)
pendingmu (possessive second-person)
pendingnya (possessive third-person)

desc

→ Thai: ปั้นเหน่ง

→ Thai: ปั้นเหน่ง

embossed plate of metal (e.g. gold or silver) covering a clasp through which a belt/girdle passes, worn as an ornament in front of the body.


الو

ms-noun

الو (plural الو-الو or الو۲, informal 1st possessive الوکو, 2nd possessive الومو, 3rd possessive الوڽ)

الو-الو (plural)
الو۲ (plural)
الوکو (first-person informal possessive)
الومو (possessive second-person)
الوڽ (possessive third-person)


puyu

puyu (Jawi spelling ڤويو, plural puyu-puyu, informal 1st possessive puyuku, 2nd possessive puyumu, 3rd possessive puyunya)

ڤويو (Jawi)
puyu-puyu (plural)
puyuku (first-person informal possessive)
puyumu (possessive second-person)
puyunya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *puyu, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *puyu, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *puyu, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puyu.

Anabas testudineus
Anabas testudineus#Translingual

climbing perch; climbing gourami (Anabas testudineus)


tunas

tunas (Jawi spelling تونس, plural tunas-tunas, informal 1st possessive tunasku, 2nd possessive tunasmu, 3rd possessive tunasnya)

تونس (Jawi)
tunas-tunas (plural)
tunasku (first-person informal possessive)
tunasmu (possessive second-person)
tunasnya (possessive third-person)

shoot part of new plants growing on stems (branches etc)


tolong

Indonesian: tolong

desc

→ Min Nan: 多隆, 導郎／多隆, 导郎 (tō-long; tō͘-lông)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuluŋ (“to help, to assist”). Cognate with Tagalog tulong.

inh

tolong-tolongan [reduplication + resultative

menolongi [agent focus + causative benefactive]


aur

ms-noun

aur (Jawi spelling اءور, plural aur-aur, informal 1st possessive aurku, 2nd possessive aurmu, 3rd possessive aurnya)

اءور (Jawi)
aur-aur (plural)
aurku (first-person informal possessive)
aurmu (possessive second-person)
aurnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: aur

From Proto-Malayic *haur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qauʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *qauʀ.
First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (hāur).


tari

tari (Jawi spelling تاري, plural tari-tari, informal 1st possessive tariku, 2nd possessive tarimu, 3rd possessive tarinya)

تاري (Jawi)
tari-tari (plural)
tariku (first-person informal possessive)
tarimu (possessive second-person)
tarinya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: tari

A dance; a sequence of rhythmic steps or movements usually performed to music, for pleasure or as a form of social interaction.


jem

jem (Jawi spelling جيم, plural jem-jem, informal 1st possessive jemku, 2nd possessive jemmu, 3rd possessive jemnya)

جيم (Jawi)
jem-jem (plural)
jemku (first-person informal possessive)
jemmu (possessive second-person)
jemnya (possessive third-person)

jem strawberi

A type of food that is usually spread onto bread, biscuits and others.

Risau kalau keluar lambat tersangkut dalam jem pulak.

I'm worried we'll get stuck in a jam if we go out late.


jem

(colloquial) Unable to work due to a part of it being stuck; jammed.


ganu

ganu (Jawi spelling ݢانو, plural ganu-ganu, informal 1st possessive ganuku, 2nd possessive ganumu, 3rd possessive ganunya)

ݢانو (Jawi)
ganu-ganu (plural)
ganuku (first-person informal possessive)
ganumu (possessive second-person)
ganunya (possessive third-person)


tahi

tahi (Jawi spelling تاهي, plural tahi-tahi, informal 1st possessive tahiku, 2nd possessive tahimu, 3rd possessive tahinya)

تاهي (Jawi)
tahi-tahi (plural)
tahiku (first-person informal possessive)
tahimu (possessive second-person)
tahinya (possessive third-person)

> Indonesian: tahi (inherited)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqi, from Proto-Austronesian *Caqi. Cognate with Paiwan caqi, Tagalog tae, Malagasy tay, Palauan dach, Samoan tae.


سبب

سبب (plural سبب-سبب or سبب۲, informal 1st possessive سببکو, 2nd possessive سببمو, 3rd possessive سببڽ)

سبب-سبب (plural)
سبب۲ (plural)
سببکو (first-person informal possessive)
سببمو (possessive second-person)
سببڽ (possessive third-person)


muke

(Pontianak) Alternative spelling of muka (“face”)


strategi

stratégi (Jawi spelling ستراتيݢي, plural strategi-strategi, informal 1st possessive strategiku, 2nd possessive strategimu, 3rd possessive strateginya)

stratégi (canonical)
ستراتيݢي (Jawi)
strategi-strategi (plural)
strategiku (first-person informal possessive)
strategimu (possessive second-person)
strateginya (possessive third-person)

From English strategy, from Ancient Greek στρατηγία (stratēgía, “office of general, command, generalship”).


kapak

ms-noun

kapak (Jawi spelling کاڤق, plural kapak-kapak, informal 1st possessive kapakku, 2nd possessive kapakmu, 3rd possessive kapaknya)

کاڤق (Jawi)
kapak-kapak (plural)
kapakku (first-person informal possessive)
kapakmu (possessive second-person)
kapaknya (possessive third-person)


ina

ina (Jawi spelling اينا, plural ina-ina, informal 1st possessive inaku, 2nd possessive inamu, 3rd possessive inanya)

اينا (Jawi)
ina-ina (plural)
inaku (first-person informal possessive)
inamu (possessive second-person)
inanya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *ina, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *ina, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *ina, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.

mother (female (human) who parents a child, gives birth to a baby, or is pregnant)


izzat

izzat (Jawi spelling عزة, plural izzat-izzat, informal 1st possessive izzatku, 2nd possessive izzatmu, 3rd possessive izzatnya)

عزة (Jawi)
izzat-izzat (plural)
izzatku (first-person informal possessive)
izzatmu (possessive second-person)
izzatnya (possessive third-person)


pahar

pahar (Jawi spelling ڤاهر, plural pahar-pahar, informal 1st possessive paharku, 2nd possessive paharmu, 3rd possessive paharnya)

ڤاهر (Jawi)
pahar-pahar (plural)
paharku (first-person informal possessive)
paharmu (possessive second-person)
paharnya (possessive third-person)


kad

kad (Jawi spelling کد, plural kad-kad, informal 1st possessive kadku, 2nd possessive kadmu, 3rd possessive kadnya)

کد (Jawi)
kad-kad (plural)
kadku (first-person informal possessive)
kadmu (possessive second-person)
kadnya (possessive third-person)

From English card, from Middle English carde (“playing card”), from Old French carte, from Latin charta, from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs, “paper, papyrus”). Doublet of carta and kertas.

der

A card (flat, normally rectangular piece of stiff paper, plastic etc.).


pintar

Attested in Wilkinson's (1926) An Abridged Malay-English Dictionary as Batavia.


bubu

ms-noun

bubu (Jawi spelling بوبو, plural bubu-bubu, informal 1st possessive bubuku, 2nd possessive bubumu, 3rd possessive bubunya)

بوبو (Jawi)
bubu-bubu (plural)
bubuku (first-person informal possessive)
bubumu (possessive second-person)
bubunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: bubu

From Proto-Malayic *bubu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bubu, from Proto-Austronesian *bubu.


garu

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaʀaw (“to scratch; itch mite, vermin”). Doublet of garuk.

inh

menggarukan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

menggaru-garu [reduplication + agent focus]

digarukan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

digaru-garu [reduplication + patient focus]

tergaru-garu [reduplication + agentless action]


garu

ms-noun

garu (Jawi spelling ݢارو, plural garu-garu, informal 1st possessive garuku, 2nd possessive garumu, 3rd possessive garunya)

ݢارو (Jawi)
garu-garu (plural)
garuku (first-person informal possessive)
garumu (possessive second-person)
garunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: garu


teko

téko (informal 1st possessive tekoku, 2nd possessive tekomu, 3rd possessive tekonya)

téko (canonical)
tekoku (first-person informal possessive)
tekomu (possessive second-person)
tekonya (possessive third-person)

zh-l

茶鈷／茶钴 (tê-kó͘, têe-kó͘)


sini

First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD.


bonda

ms-noun

bonda (Jawi spelling بوندا, plural bonda-bonda, informal 1st possessive bondaku, 2nd possessive bondamu, 3rd possessive bondanya)

بوندا (Jawi)
bonda-bonda (plural)
bondaku (first-person informal possessive)
bondamu (possessive second-person)
bondanya (possessive third-person)


profesor

profesor (Jawi spelling ڤروفيسور, plural profesor-profesor, informal 1st possessive profesorku, 2nd possessive profesormu, 3rd possessive profesornya)

ڤروفيسور (Jawi)
profesor-profesor (plural)
profesorku (first-person informal possessive)
profesormu (possessive second-person)
profesornya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from English professor, from Anglo-Norman proffessur, from Latin professor (“declarer, person who claims knowledge”), from the past participle stem of profiteor (“profess”).

der

profesor emeritus

Oleh kerana kerja-kerja penyelidikan awal seseorang profesor itu akan terus dirujuk beberapa tahun kemudiannya, maka universiti akan terus mendapat manfaat melalui peningkatan ranking universiti, walaupun seseorang profesor itu telah bersara.

2018 April 12, Hashim Yaacob, “Kekalkan profesor cemerlang di universiti [Keep brilliant professor(s) in university]”, in Utusan Malaysia, archived from the original on 2018-04-12:

Since the preliminary research work of a professor will continue to be referred to a few years later, therefore the university will continue to gain benefit through the improvement of its ranking, even if a particular professor has already retired.

professor (the most senior rank for an academic at a university)


wangi

Indonesian: wangi

Borrowed from Old Javanese wangi (from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baŋəhih, from Proto-Austronesian *baŋəSiS (“fragrant”)).

mewangikan [causative benefactive + agent focus]

wangi-wangian [reduplication + resultative

berwangi-wangian [reduplication + stative

kewangi-wangian [reduplication + abstract


alur

From Proto-Malayic *halur, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *halur, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *halur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaluʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *qaluʀ, from the root *-luʀ.

Alternative forms: alor, alir, salur, salir

(intransitive) to flow (to move as a fluid)


alur

ms-noun

alur (Jawi spelling الور, plural alur-alur, informal 1st possessive alurku, 2nd possessive alurmu, 3rd possessive alurnya)

الور (Jawi)
alur-alur (plural)
alurku (first-person informal possessive)
alurmu (possessive second-person)
alurnya (possessive third-person)

Alternative forms: alor, alir

river (large stream which drains a landmass)


parut

parut (Jawi spelling ڤاروت, plural parut-parut, informal 1st possessive parutku, 2nd possessive parutmu, 3rd possessive parutnya)

ڤاروت (Jawi)
parut-parut (plural)
parutku (first-person informal possessive)
parutmu (possessive second-person)
parutnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: parut


hatur

head

hatur (Jawi spelling هاتور, used in the form menghatur)

هاتور (Jawi)
menghatur (used-in-the-form)

Aklanon: hátœ

Banjarese: atur

Dairi Batak: atur

Karo Batak: atur

Bau Bidayuh: atur

Berawan: aton

Buginese: atu

Central Melanau: atur

Iban: atur

Indonesian: atur

Javanese: atur

Kapampangan: átul

Kelabit: atur

Mansaka: atol

Maranao: ator

Mongondow: ator

Ngaju: atoh

Sangir: atuleʔ

Tagalog: hatol

Tboli: atul

Tiruray: atur

Western Bukidnon Manobo: atur

From Proto-Malayic *hatur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatuʀ.


aya

ms-noun

aya (Jawi spelling ايا, plural aya-aya, informal 1st possessive ayaku, 2nd possessive ayamu, 3rd possessive ayanya)

ايا (Jawi)
aya-aya (plural)
ayaku (first-person informal possessive)
ayamu (possessive second-person)
ayanya (possessive third-person)

bapa

bapanda, bapai, bapak, bapang, baba, papa


کالا

کالا (plural کالا-کالا or کالا۲, informal 1st possessive کالاکو, 2nd possessive کالامو, 3rd possessive کالاڽ)

کالا-کالا (plural)
کالا۲ (plural)
کالاکو (first-person informal possessive)
کالامو (possessive second-person)
کالاڽ (possessive third-person)


Julai

Borrowed from English July, from Middle English iulius, from Anglo-Norman julie, from Old French jule, from Latin iūlius, from Iuppiter, from Proto-Indo-European *dyeu-pəter-.

(Malaysia) July (seven month of the Gregorian calendar)


segan

Mereka segan hendak turun naik tangga mahkamah itu

They are unwilling to go up and down the courthouse stairs

Ada sesetengah ibu yang berasa segan kerana mengandung

There are some mothers who feel ashamed from being pregnant


regan

régan (Jawi spelling ريݢن, plural regan-regan, informal 1st possessive reganku, 2nd possessive reganmu, 3rd possessive regannya)

régan (canonical)
ريݢن (Jawi)
regan-regan (plural)
reganku (first-person informal possessive)
reganmu (possessive second-person)
regannya (possessive third-person)

The upper and lower parts of a window frame.


situ

situ (Jawi spelling سيتو, plural situ-situ, informal 1st possessive situku, 2nd possessive situmu, 3rd possessive situnya)

سيتو (Jawi)
situ-situ (plural)
situku (first-person informal possessive)
situmu (possessive second-person)
situnya (possessive third-person)


sangkut

Indonesian: sangkut

From Proto-Malayic *saŋkut, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saŋkut (“entangled, caught up in, involved, embroiled”).

inh

menyangkutkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

disangkutkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

tersangkut-sangkut [reduplication + agentless action]