abomasum

ms-noun

abomasum (Jawi spelling ابوماسوم, plural abomasum-abomasum, informal 1st possessive abomasumku, 2nd possessive abomasummu, 3rd possessive abomasumnya)

ابوماسوم (Jawi)
abomasum-abomasum (plural)
abomasumku (first-person informal possessive)
abomasummu (possessive second-person)
abomasumnya (possessive third-person)

From New Latin abomāsum, from Latin ab- (“away from”) + omāsum (“tripe of a bullock”).

Abomasum (fourth or digestive stomach of a ruminant)


abalone

head

abalone (Jawi spelling ابالوني, plural abalone-abalone)

From English abalone, from American Spanish abulón, from an indigenous language of the Monterey Bay area such as Rumsen (Southern Ohlone aūlun (“red abalone”).


abnormal

ابنورمل (Jawi)


abet

ms-noun

abet (Jawi spelling ابت, plural abet-abet, informal 1st possessive abetku, 2nd possessive abetmu, 3rd possessive abetnya)

ابت (Jawi)
abet-abet (plural)
abetku (first-person informal possessive)
abetmu (possessive second-person)
abetnya (possessive third-person)


gratis

ݢراتيس (Jawi)

From Dutch gratis, from Latin grātīs, contraction of grātiīs.


PM

Initialism of perdana menteri (“prime minister”).


mandat

mandat (Jawi spelling مندت, plural mandat-mandat, informal 1st possessive mandatku, 2nd possessive mandatmu, 3rd possessive mandatnya)

مندت (Jawi)
mandat-mandat (plural)
mandatku (first-person informal possessive)
mandatmu (possessive second-person)
mandatnya (possessive third-person)


September

سيڤتيمبر (Jawi)

From English September, from late Old English, Latin September, from septem, from Proto-Indo-European *septḿ̥.

September (ninth month of the Gregorian calendar)


pseudo-

Internationalism (see English pseudo-), ultimately from Ancient Greek ψευδής (pseudḗs).


BM

kelas BM

buku BM

Initialism of bahasa Melayu (Malay) or bahasa Malaysia (Malaysian).


abdomen

abdomen (Jawi spelling ابدومن, plural abdomen-abdomen, informal 1st possessive abdomenku, 2nd possessive abdomenmu, 3rd possessive abdomennya)

ابدومن (Jawi)
abdomen-abdomen (plural)
abdomenku (first-person informal possessive)
abdomenmu (possessive second-person)
abdomennya (possessive third-person)


April

From English April, from Middle English apprile, from aueril, from Old French avrill, from Latin Aprīlis.

April (fourth month of the Gregorian calendar)


Belgium

ms-proper noun

Bélgium (Jawi spelling بيلجيوم or بيلݢيوم)

Bélgium (canonical)
بيلجيوم (Jawi)
بيلݢيوم (Jawi)

Unadapted borrowing from English Belgium.

ubor

Belgium (a country in Western Europe that has borders with the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg and France)


November

نوۏيمبر (Jawi)

From English November, from Middle English, from Old French novembre, from Latin November, from novem, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥.

November (eleventh month of the Gregorian calendar)


Malaysia

مليسيا (Jawi)

→ Japanese: マライシア (Maraishia) (obsolete)

From English Malaysia, via Malays + -ia, the root being from Melayu.

orang Malaysia


AA

Initialism of Asia-Afrika (“Asian-African”).


Hungary

هوڠݢري (Jawi)

Unadapted borrowing from English Hungary.


Maldives

مالديۏ (Jawi)

Unadapted borrowing from English Maldives.

Maldives (an archipelago and country in South Asia, located in the Indian Ocean off the coast of India)


Indonesia

ايندونيسيا (Jawi)

Indonesia (a country and archipelago in maritime Southeast Asia)


f

The sixth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


Azerbaijan

See English Azerbaijan, from Ancient Greek Ἀτροπατηνή (Atropatēnḗ).

Azerbaijan (a country in the South Caucasus, Asia and Europe)


Azerbaijan

bahasa Azerbaijan

orang Azerbaijan


y

The twenty-fifth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


Brunei

Probably ultimately from Sanskrit वरुण (váruṇa), which also referred to the island of Borneo.


Syria

(Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei) Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


Armenia

From English Armenia, from Ancient Greek Ἀρμενία (Armenía), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎼𐎷𐎡𐎴 (a-r-mi-i-n /Armina/).

Armenia (A country in the South Caucasus region of Asia, sometimes considered to belong politically to Europe)


Armenia

Armenian (of, from, or pertaining to Armenia, Armenians, the language or alphabet)


Croatia

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

(Malaysia) Croatia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Albania

From English Albania, from Byzantine Greek Ἀλβανία (Albanía).


Sri Lanka

From Sanskrit श्री लङ्का (śrī laṅkā, literally “holy island”).

der

Sri Lanka (an island and country in South Asia, off the coast of India)


China

From Middle Persian [script needed] (ṣīn, “Chinese; porcelain”), probably from Sanskrit चीन (cīna). The spelling is a carryover from the Za'aba Spelling used before 1972, to distinguish it from Cina (“Chinese people”).


Portugal

ڤورتوݢل (Jawi)

Borrowed from Portuguese Portugal, from Latin Portus Cale, former name of what is now the city of Vila Nova de Gaia.

Portugal (a country in Southern Europe, on the Iberian Peninsula)


ci

ms-noun

ci (Jawi spelling چي, plural ci-ci, informal 1st possessive ciku, 2nd possessive cimu, 3rd possessive cinya)

چي (Jawi)
ci-ci (plural)
ciku (first-person informal possessive)
cimu (possessive second-person)
cinya (possessive third-person)

river (large stream which drains a landmass)


A

The first letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


cat

cat (Jawi spelling چت, informal 1st possessive catku, 2nd possessive catmu, 3rd possessive catnya)

چت (Jawi)
catku (first-person informal possessive)
catmu (possessive second-person)
catnya (possessive third-person)


gas

gas (Jawi spelling ݢس, plural gas-gas, informal 1st possessive gasku, 2nd possessive gasmu, 3rd possessive gasnya)

ݢس (Jawi)
gas-gas (plural)
gasku (first-person informal possessive)
gasmu (possessive second-person)
gasnya (possessive third-person)

From English gas, from Dutch gas, coined by chemist Jan Baptist van Helmont in Ortus Medicinae. Derived from Ancient Greek χάος (kháos, “chasm, void, empty space”); perhaps also inspired by geest (“breath, vapour, spirit”). First attested in 1648.

der

(physics) One of the four states of matter.

(uncountable, physical chemistry) Matter in an intermediate state between liquid and plasma that can be contained only if it is fully surrounded by a solid (or in a bubble of liquid, or held together by gravitational pull); it can condense into a liquid, or can (rarely) become a solid directly by deposition.

The gas that is released by coal factories.

The vapour that is released by petrol or gasoline.


Australia

From English Australia, from Latin terra austrālis incōgnita (“unknown southern land”), from auster (“the south wind”).

uder

Australia (A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as a former colony in the British Empire)

(geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the islands of Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)


England

ايڠلند (Jawi)


tuba

ms-noun

tuba (Jawi spelling توبا, plural tuba-tuba, informal 1st possessive tubaku, 2nd possessive tubamu, 3rd possessive tubanya)

توبا (Jawi)
tuba-tuba (plural)
tubaku (first-person informal possessive)
tubamu (possessive second-person)
tubanya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: tuba

→ English: tuba

From Proto-Malayic *tuba, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tubah, from Proto-Austronesian *tubah.
First attested in the Kota Kapur inscription, 686 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (tūva),

menubai [agent focus + causative benefactive]

ditubai [patient focus + causative benefactive]

(fishing) fish poison made from plant roots

a Malayan plant whose roots are a significant source of rotenone, Derris malaccensis.


tuba

tuba (plural duplication, informal 1st possessive tubaku, 2nd possessive tubamu, 3rd possessive tubanya)

duplication (plural)
tubaku (first-person informal possessive)
tubamu (possessive second-person)
tubanya (possessive third-person)

From Latin tuba (“tube, trumpet, military trumpet”), via English tuba.

der

(music) tuba: A large brass musical instrument, usually in the bass range, played through a vibration of the lips upon the mouthpiece and fingering of the keys.


anoa

ms-noun

anoa (Jawi spelling انوا, plural anoa-anoa, informal 1st possessive anoaku, 2nd possessive anoamu, 3rd possessive anoanya)

انوا (Jawi)
anoa-anoa (plural)
anoaku (first-person informal possessive)
anoamu (possessive second-person)
anoanya (possessive third-person)


bank

bank (Jawi spelling بڠک, plural bank-bank, informal 1st possessive bankku, 2nd possessive bankmu, 3rd possessive banknya)

بڠک (Jawi)
bank-bank (plural)
bankku (first-person informal possessive)
bankmu (possessive second-person)
banknya (possessive third-person)

Unadapted borrowing from English bank, spelled earlier as beng and بيڠک. Doublet of bangku.

An institution that offers various financial services.

bank darah

A stock or reserve of something for use when it is needed.


Danish

Borrowed from Persian دانش (“knowledge”).


X

The twenty-fourth letter of the Malay alphabet, called eks and written in the Latin script.


upas

ms-noun

upas (Jawi spelling اوڤس, plural upas-upas, informal 1st possessive upasku, 2nd possessive upasmu, 3rd possessive upasnya)

اوڤس (Jawi)
upas-upas (plural)
upasku (first-person informal possessive)
upasmu (possessive second-person)
upasnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: upas

→ English: upas

→ Russian: упас (upas)

Antiaris toxicaria
Wikispecies:Antiaris toxicaria

Strychnos tieute
Wikispecies:Strychnos tieute


malam

malam (Jawi spelling مالم, plural malam-malam, informal 1st possessive malamku, 2nd possessive malammu, 3rd possessive malamnya)

مالم (Jawi)
malam-malam (plural)
malamku (first-person informal possessive)
malammu (possessive second-person)
malamnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: malam

→ Ternate: malam

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maləm (“night, darkness”).

inh

Selamat malam


orang

ms-noun

orang (Jawi spelling اورڠ, informal 1st possessive orangku, 2nd possessive orangmu, 3rd possessive orangnya)

اورڠ (Jawi)
orangku (first-person informal possessive)
orangmu (possessive second-person)
orangnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: orang

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *uraŋ (“person”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uʀaŋ (“outsider”). Possible cognate with Javanese wong.
First attested in the Telaga Batu inscription, 683 CE, as Old Malay [script needed] (urang).


orang

seorang lelaki


i

The ninth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


bahasa

ms-noun

bahasa (Jawi spelling بهاس, plural bahasa-bahasa, informal 1st possessive bahasaku, 2nd possessive bahasamu, 3rd possessive bahasanya)

بهاس (Jawi)
bahasa-bahasa (plural)
bahasaku (first-person informal possessive)
bahasamu (possessive second-person)
bahasanya (possessive third-person)

desctree

Indonesian: bahasa
→ Dutch: bahasa
→ English: Bahasa (along with Malay bahasa)

→ English: Bahasa (along with Indonesian bahasa)

Pattani Malay: بهاس (bahasa)

Borrowed from Sanskrit भाषा (bhāṣā, “language”).

bor+

bahasa Melayu

language (system of communication using words or symbols)


o

The fifteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


mi

ms-noun

mi (Jawi spelling مي, informal 1st possessive miku, 2nd possessive mimu, 3rd possessive minya)

مي (Jawi)
miku (first-person informal possessive)
mimu (possessive second-person)
minya (possessive third-person)


Korea

Indonesian: Korea

Northern Peninsular Malay, Riau-Lingga, Bahasa Baku

Ultimately from Sino-Korean 고려(高麗) (Goryeo).


lama

From Proto-Austronesian *lama (“old, former”).

inh

Lamanya Agus tukar baju!

It's taking so long for Agus to change his clothes!

Barang lama

Kesultanan Melayu Melaka lama
The old Malacca Sultanate


lama

ms-noun

lama (Jawi spelling لاما, plural lama-lama, informal 1st possessive lamaku, 2nd possessive lamamu, 3rd possessive lamanya)

لاما (Jawi)
lama-lama (plural)
lamaku (first-person informal possessive)
lamamu (possessive second-person)
lamanya (possessive third-person)


balad

balad (Jawi spelling بلد, plural balad-balad, informal 1st possessive baladku, 2nd possessive baladmu, 3rd possessive baladnya)

بلد (Jawi)
balad-balad (plural)
baladku (first-person informal possessive)
baladmu (possessive second-person)
baladnya (possessive third-person)


baik

From *baik, variant of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bait. Cognate with Tagalog bait and Maori pai.

sebaik-baik [reduplication + comparability]

membaikkan [causative benefactive + agent focus]

membaiki [causative benefactive + agent focus]

memperbaiki [causative benefactive + causative agent focus]

good (acting in the interest of good; ethical (good intentions))

good (useful for a particular purpose (it’s a good watch))

good (of food, edible; not stale or rotten)

good (of food, having a particularly pleasant taste)


baik

Baik, cikgu, saya akan siapkan kerja itu sekarang juga.

Ok, mister, I will finish that work right now.

okay (Used to indicate agreement or acceptance)


anu

anu (Jawi spelling انو, plural anu-anu, informal 1st possessive anuku, 2nd possessive anumu, 3rd possessive anunya)

انو (Jawi)
anu-anu (plural)
anuku (first-person informal possessive)
anumu (possessive second-person)
anunya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *a-nu, from Proto-Austronesian *-nu.

si anu

hajat anu

Someone or something whose name is not mentioned (on purpose, due to forgetting, etc.).

Dalam kiraan ini, 't' merupakan sebuah anu yang mewakili tinggi seorang pelajar.

In this calculation, 't' is an unknown that stands for a student's height.

(mathematics) An unknown quantity or variable; an unknown.


air

air (Jawi spelling اٴير, informal 1st possessive airku, 2nd possessive airmu, 3rd possessive airnya)

اٴير (Jawi)
airku (first-person informal possessive)
airmu (possessive second-person)
airnya (possessive third-person)

Baba Malay: aye

Indonesian: air

From Proto-Malayic *air, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *air, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *wair, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wahiʀ.
First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (āir).

2012, Faridah Abdul Rashid, Research on the Early Malay Doctors : 1900-1957 : Malaya and Singapore http://books.google.co.nz/books?id=kZZXloR9wAMC&
loji rawatan air

ayer

surviving in place names, pre-1972 in British East Indies


SK

SK (plural SK-SK, informal 1st possessive SKku, 2nd possessive SKmu, 3rd possessive SKnya)

SK-SK (plural)
SKku (first-person informal possessive)
SKmu (possessive second-person)
SKnya (possessive third-person)

sekolah kebangsaan
sekolah kebangsaan#Malay

(Malaysia, education) Initialism of sekolah kebangsaan (“state school; public school”, literally “national school”)


Afrikaans

Afrikaans (of or pertaining to the Afrikaans language)


AB

Initialism of anggaran belanja (“expense estimate”).


balik

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balik (“reverse, turn around”). Cognate with Tagalog balik.


balik

ms-noun

balik (Jawi spelling باليق, plural balik-balik, informal 1st possessive balikku, 2nd possessive balikmu, 3rd possessive baliknya)

باليق (Jawi)
balik-balik (plural)
balikku (first-person informal possessive)
balikmu (possessive second-person)
baliknya (possessive third-person)


balik

Indonesian: balik


matahari

ماتاهاري (Jawi)

sun (the star around which the Earth revolves)


PBB

Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu
w:ms:Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu

(Malaysian politics) Initialism of Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu (“United Bumiputera Heritage Party”).


Johor

→ English: Johor, Johore


Terengganu

ترڠݢانو (Jawi)


Negeri Sembilan

ms-proper noun

Negeri Sembilan (Jawi spelling نݢري سمبيلن)

نݢري سمبيلن (Jawi)

→ English: Negeri Sembilan

negeri (“state”) + sembilan (“nine”).
The name was derived from nine original regions that the state formerly controlled, including Naning (now part of Melaka), Segamat (now part of Johor), Ulu Pahang (now part of Pahang), and Klang (now part of Selangor).


Sabah

Sabah (state in Malaysia): A state in eastern Malaysia located at the Northern part of the Borneo island with the main city Kota Kinabalu as its capital.


Pahang

Unknown, probably from Khmer ប៉ាហាំង (paahang, “tin”).


perak

ms-noun

perak (Jawi spelling ڤيرق, informal 1st possessive perakku, 2nd possessive perakmu, 3rd possessive peraknya)

ڤيرق (Jawi)
perakku (first-person informal possessive)
perakmu (possessive second-person)
peraknya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: perak

→ Tagalog: pilak

From earlier pirak, from Proto-Malayic *pirak. Also possibly of Khmeric origin. Compare Pre-Angkorian Old Khmer prak ~ prāk (“silver”), from the root pak ~ pāk (“to break”) with infix , whence Khmer ប្រាក់ (prak) and បាក់ (pak).


Labuan

لابوان (Jawi)

Labuan (a federal territory of Sabah, Malaysia)


Selangor

سلاڠور (Jawi)


Sarawak

From Sarawak Malay serawak (“antimony”). Doublet of serawak.


beg

Beg sekolah saya berat.


minggu

ms-noun

minggu (Jawi spelling ميڠݢو, plural minggu-minggu, informal 1st possessive mingguku, 2nd possessive minggumu, 3rd possessive minggunya)

ميڠݢو (Jawi)
minggu-minggu (plural)
mingguku (first-person informal possessive)
minggumu (possessive second-person)
minggunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: minggu

Borrowed from Portuguese domingo (“Sunday”), from Latin dominīcus.


kucing

ms-noun

kucing (Jawi spelling کوچيڠ, plural kucing-kucing, informal 1st possessive kucingku, 2nd possessive kucingmu, 3rd possessive kucingnya)

کوچيڠ (Jawi)
kucing-kucing (plural)
kucingku (first-person informal possessive)
kucingmu (possessive second-person)
kucingnya (possessive third-person)

From Proto Western Malayo-Polynesian *kutíŋ. The history of this term is unclear. Although kucing applies almost exclusively to domestic cats today, it may have had earlier applications to wild felines.

Kucing saya berwarna kelabu.


pergi

Ambonese Malay: pigi

Indonesian: pergi

pegi

Johor-Riau, Kelantan-Pattani, Pontianak, Siak–Pekanbaru, Tembilahan, Terengganu

Saya pergi ke sekolah tadi.

Dia pergi cuma lepas aku kata aku nak telefon polis.

He went away only after I said I was going to call the police.

Kami akan pergi pada pukul tiga pagi esok.

We will depart at three o'clock in the morning tomorrow.


kemarin

کمارين (Jawi)

(nonstandard) Alternative form of kelmarin


lihat

head

lihat (Jawi spelling ليهت, active melihat, 3rd person passive dilihat)

ليهت (Jawi)
melihat (active)
dilihat (passive third-person)

Indonesian: lihat

Adam sedang melihat telefonnya sekarang.

Adam melihat nasib kawannya.

Adam dilihat tidak cukup kuat untuk mengangkatnya.

Adam was seen as being not strong enough to lift that.

Adam pergi melihat neneknya sempena hari raya.

Adam went to visit his grandma while eid.


milik

ms-noun

milik (Jawi spelling ميليق, plural milik-milik, informal 1st possessive milikku, 2nd possessive milikmu, 3rd possessive miliknya)

ميليق (Jawi)
milik-milik (plural)
milikku (first-person informal possessive)
milikmu (possessive second-person)
miliknya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: milik

Johor-Selangor, Northern Peninsular Malay

Komputer itu milik ibu saya.


sungai

sungai (Jawi spelling سوڠاي or سوڠي, plural sungai-sungai, informal 1st possessive sungaiku, 2nd possessive sungaimu, 3rd possessive sungainya)

سوڠاي (Jawi)
سوڠي (Jawi)
sungai-sungai (plural)
sungaiku (first-person informal possessive)
sungaimu (possessive second-person)
sungainya (possessive third-person)

> Indonesian: sungai (inherited)

→ Chinese: 雙溪／双溪

river (large stream which drains a landmass)


Putrajaya

ڤوتراجاي (Jawi)

putra (“prince”) + jaya (“success”), ultimately from Sanskrit पुत्र (putra) + जय (jayá); from the name of the first Prime Minister of Malaysia, Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra.

Putrajaya (a federal territory in western Malaysia)

Putrajaya (the administrative capital of Malaysia)


lapar

Indonesian: lapar

From Proto-Malayic *lapar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lapaʀ. Cognate with Old Javanese lapa.

Aku lapar.

hungry (affected by hunger; desirous of food)


musik

musik (Jawi spelling موسيک, plural musik-musik, informal 1st possessive musikku, 2nd possessive musikmu, 3rd possessive musiknya)

موسيک (Jawi)
musik-musik (plural)
musikku (first-person informal possessive)
musikmu (possessive second-person)
musiknya (possessive third-person)

From earlier form muziek, from Dutch muziek, from Latin mūsica (“music”). Doublet of muzik; muziek attested directly in the Kitab Vortaro published in 1923.


kamus

kamus (Jawi spelling قاموس, plural kamus-kamus, informal 1st possessive kamusku, 2nd possessive kamusmu, 3rd possessive kamusnya)

قاموس (Jawi)
kamus-kamus (plural)
kamusku (first-person informal possessive)
kamusmu (possessive second-person)
kamusnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: kamus

→ Javanese: ꦏꦩꦸꦱ꧀ (kamus)

From Arabic قَامُوس (qāmūs), from Ancient Greek ὠκεανός (ōkeanós).

dictionary (publication that explains the meanings of an ordered list of words)


sekali

Ambil ubat ini sehari sekali sehingga sembuh.

Take this medicine once a day until you're cured.

Indah sekali pemandangan di sini.


punya

Clipping of empunya, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *empu-ni-a, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *empu. Compare Tagalog impó (“grandmother”).
First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (punyā) in the form [script needed] (punyāña).
In the sense of possessive/genitive particle, semantic loan from Hokkien 的 (ê).


punya

Ambonese Malay: pung

North Moluccan Malay: pi

Kupang Malay: pung

Manado Malay: pe

Papuan Malay: pu

Adam punya buku


punya

Saya punya enam buku.

Saya punya dua buah rumah.

(spoken) Emphasizes a word that is repeated

rumah punya aku


rumah

rumah (Jawi spelling رومه, plural rumah-rumah, informal 1st possessive rumahku, 2nd possessive rumahmu, 3rd possessive rumahnya)

رومه (Jawi)
rumah-rumah (plural)
rumahku (first-person informal possessive)
rumahmu (possessive second-person)
rumahnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: rumah

From Classical Malay رومه, from Proto-Malayic *rumah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀumaq, from Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq.

menyerumahkan [comparability + agent focus + causative benefactive]

rumah-rumahan [reduplication + resultative

memperumahkan [causative agent focus + causative benefactive]

perumahan [causative passive + repetition

Semalam aku pergi ke rumah kawan.

home (house or structure in which someone lives)


Kota Bharu

کوت بهارو (Jawi)

Kota Bharu (the capital city of Kelantan, Malaysia)


Kuantan

کوانتن (Jawi)

Founded in the 1850s, mentioned by Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir (Munshi Abdullah) circa 1851/2.

Kuantan (the capital city of Pahang, Malaysia)


Kangar

Kangar (the capital city of Perlis, Malaysia)


sedang

Cikgu sedang makan.


Seremban

Seremban (the capital city of Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia)


Johor Bahru

جوهر بهرو (Jawi)

Johor Bahru (the capital city of Johor, Malaysia)


Kuching

Kuching (the capital city of Sarawak, Malaysia)


empat

Indonesian: empat

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *əmpat, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əmpat, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əmpat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Austronesian *Səpat.


Kota Kinabalu

ms-proper noun

کوتا کينابالو

Kota Kinabalu (Jawi spelling کوتا کينابالو)

کوتا کينابالو (Jawi)

Kota Kinabalu (the capital city of Sabah, Malaysia)


Alor Setar

الور ستار (Jawi)

Alor Setar (the capital city of the state of Kedah, Malaysia)


Ipoh

→ English: Ipoh

→ Chinese: 怡保 (Yíbǎo)

From ipuh, from Proto-Malayic *hipuh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qipuq.

Ipoh (the capital city of the state of Perak, Malaysia)


Shah Alam

شاە عالم (Jawi)

From the name of the sultan of Selangor, Sultan Alam Shah.

Shah Alam (the capital city of Selangor, Malaysia)


Kuala Terengganu

کوالا ترڠݢانو

Kuala Terengganu (Jawi spelling کوالا ترڠݢانو)

کوالا ترڠݢانو (Jawi)

Kuala Terengganu
Kuala Terengganu#English

Kuala Terengganu (the capital city of Terengganu, Malaysia)


teman

ms-noun

teman (Jawi spelling تمن, plural teman-teman, informal 1st possessive temanku, 2nd possessive temanmu, 3rd possessive temannya)

تمن (Jawi)
teman-teman (plural)
temanku (first-person informal possessive)
temanmu (possessive second-person)
temannya (possessive third-person)

friend (person whose company one enjoys)


teman

kau-

informal/towards God; friendly/older towards younger


satu

From Proto-Malayic *sA- (“one”) + *batu (“stone”).


itu

From Proto-Malayic *(i)tu(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)tu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)Cu. Compare Tagalog ito (“this”).


saya

From Sanskrit सहाय (sahāya, “follower”) or from Portuguese sou (“I am”) (unofficial)

Nama saya ...


tiga

Indonesian: tiga

From Proto-Malayic *tiga, from Prakrit 𑀢𑀺𑀕 (tiga), from Sanskrit त्रिक (trika, “triad”). Displaced native Old Malay tlu.


buku

buku (Jawi spelling بوکو, plural buku-buku, informal 1st possessive bukuku, 2nd possessive bukumu, 3rd possessive bukunya)

بوکو (Jawi)
buku-buku (plural)
bukuku (first-person informal possessive)
bukumu (possessive second-person)
bukunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: buku

Borrowed from Dutch boek, from Middle Dutch boec, from Old Dutch buoc, from Proto-Germanic *bōks.

Buku siapakah ini?

book (collection of sheets of paper bound together containing printed or written material)


buku

Indonesian: buku

From Proto-Malayic *buku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bukuh.

a lumpy joint (of fingers or similar structures)

Buku tanah

a small block, lump or cake of something


buku

ms-classifier

buku (Jawi spelling بوکو, singular sebuku)

Indonesian: buku

Sebuku roti

classifier for blocky, lumpy things or things akin to blocks


baru

From Proto-Malayic *baharu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baqəʀu, from Proto-Austronesian *baqəʀuh. Compare Tagalog bago.

Aku baru sampai di rumah.


baru

Indonesian: baru

Baba Malay: baru

→ Min Nan: 麻汝

tahun baru

perbarui [causative passive + causative benefactive]

membarui [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dibarui [patient focus + causative benefactive]

memperbarui [causative agent focus + causative benefactive]

diperbarui [causative passive focus + causative benefactive]


baru

ms-noun

baru (Jawi spelling بارو, plural baru-baru, informal 1st possessive baruku, 2nd possessive barumu, 3rd possessive barunya)

بارو (Jawi)
baru-baru (plural)
baruku (first-person informal possessive)
barumu (possessive second-person)
barunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: baru

From Proto-Malayic *baru, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀu.

Talipariti tiliaceum
Talipariti tiliaceum#Translingual

Hibiscus tiliaceus
Hibiscus tiliaceus#Translingual

sea hibiscus, cottonwood hibiscus (Talipariti tiliaceum, syn. Hibiscus tiliaceus)


kami

Indonesian: kami

From Proto-Malayic *kami, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.

we, us, our (exclusive of the person spoken to)


sy

(informal, text messaging, Internet slang) Abbreviation of saya (“I”).


Kuala Lumpur

ms-proper noun

Kuala Lumpur (Jawi spelling کوالا لمڤور)

کوالا لمڤور (Jawi)

Kuala Lumpur (the capital city of Malaysia)

Kuala Lumpur (a federal territory of Malaysia)


sana

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sana (“there, yonder”)

inh

Dia tinggal di sana.


ia

head

ia (Jawi spelling اي, cliticized form -nya)

From Proto-Malayic *ia, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(si-)ia, from Proto-Austronesian *(si-)ia.

Ia merupakan Perdana Menteri Kanada.

Genderless third person pronoun; he, she, they.

Benda yang paling mengejutkan tentang universiti ini ialah bahawa ia sudah wujud untuk lebih daripada 500 tahun.

The most surprising thing about this university is that it has existed for more than 500 years.

Pronoun for something that is being discussed; it.


ia

Ia, itulah jawapan saya.


dia

Ambonese Malay: dia

Betawi: dia

Indonesian: dia

Cognate with ia, -nya, from Proto-Malayic *ia, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(si-)ia, from Proto-Austronesian *(si-)ia.

Dia adik lelaki saya.

Genderless third person pronoun; he, she, it.


kali

From Proto-Malayic *kali, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kali, from Proto-Austronesian *kalih.


kali

ms-noun

kali (Jawi spelling کالي, plural kali-kali, informal 1st possessive kaliku, 2nd possessive kalimu, 3rd possessive kalinya)

کالي (Jawi)
kali-kali (plural)
kaliku (first-person informal possessive)
kalimu (possessive second-person)
kalinya (possessive third-person)

From Javanese ꦏꦭꦶ (kali), from Old Javanese kali.

river (large stream which drains a landmass)


kali

From Sanskrit काल (kāla, “time”). Doublet of kala.


rata

Indonesian: rata

Ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dataʀ. Doublet of datar.


rata

rata (Jawi spelling رات, plural rata-rata, informal 1st possessive rataku, 2nd possessive ratamu, 3rd possessive ratanya)

رات (Jawi)
rata-rata (plural)
rataku (first-person informal possessive)
ratamu (possessive second-person)
ratanya (possessive third-person)


aku

From Proto-Malayic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.
First attested in the Telaga Batu inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (aku).

Aku orang itu.

Ini aku.

Ini beg aku.


aku

Dia akui kesalahan dirinya


dua

From Proto-Malayic *dua, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *dua, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *dua, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duha, from Proto-Austronesian *duSa.
First attested in the Kedukan Bukit inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (dua).


sama

There are two main theories as to where the term originated:
# Inherited from Proto-Malayic *sama, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sama (“mate, companion, fellow; together with; alike, the same as; aligned or in good order”); reconstructed by Robert Blust. Compare Malagasy sami (“both, each, every one; same”), Lauan dama (“mate, fellow, corresponding part; exactly like, the same”) and 'Are'are tama (“in line, in pairs”).
# Borrowed from Sanskrit सम (sama, “same, equal”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *samás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *samás, from Proto-Indo-European *somHós (“same”).

bor+

Bajunya sama dengan baju saya.

Dua kali dua sama dengan empat.

(mathematics) The same in numerical value.

Dua produk ni tak sama.

Of the same value, status, standing, etc.


sama

Dia orang gelak sama lepas dengar cerita itu sepenuhnya.

They laughed along after hearing the full story.

Dua musuh itu sama terbahak menonton filem komedi itu.

The two rivals laughed together watching the comedy film.

Kita orang memang sama tak suka pun jadi kamu tak payahlah menyampuk.

We've always disliked each other so stop minding our business.


sama

Marilah main sama kami.

Aku marah sama dia.


alas

ms-noun

alas (Jawi spelling الس, plural alas-alas, informal 1st possessive alasku, 2nd possessive alasmu, 3rd possessive alasnya)

الس (Jawi)
alas-alas (plural)
alasku (first-person informal possessive)
alasmu (possessive second-person)
alasnya (possessive third-person)


dada

dada (Jawi spelling دادا, plural dada-dada, informal 1st possessive dadaku, 2nd possessive dadamu, 3rd possessive dadanya)

دادا (Jawi)
dada-dada (plural)
dadaku (first-person informal possessive)
dadamu (possessive second-person)
dadanya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: dada

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *dada, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dahdah, from Proto-Austronesian *daSdaS.


had

had (Jawi spelling حد, plural had-had, informal 1st possessive hadku, 2nd possessive hadmu, 3rd possessive hadnya)

حد (Jawi)
had-had (plural)
hadku (first-person informal possessive)
hadmu (possessive second-person)
hadnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: had

From Classical Malay [script needed] (had), from Arabic حَدّ (ḥadd).

(Indonesian)

(mathematics) A value to which a sequence converges. Equivalently, the common value of the upper limit and the lower limit of a sequence: if the upper and lower limits are different, then the sequence has no limit (i.e., does not converge).


ke

Phonetic spelling of -kah in a Johor-Riau accent.

Besar ke kecil?

Boleh ke tak?


ke

Boleh ke aku pinjam fon kau?

Selalu ke cikgu tanya soalan macam tu?

Is it often that the teacher ask questions like that?

Abang kau dah beli ke PS5 yang dia kata nak beli tu?

Has your brother bought the PS5 that he said he was going to buy?

Kau ke yang dapat markah 100% dekat ujian baru-baru ni tu?

Are you the one that got a score of a 100% for the recent test?

(informal) used on modal verbs, adverbs, verbs and nouns to form questions


ke

Indonesian: ke

From Old Malay ka, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka.

Semalam aku pergi ke rumah kawan.


ke

The name of the Latin-script letter K/k.


lain

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laqin. Cognate with Cebuano lain and Bikol Central lain.

Orang lain

Lain dahulu lain sekarang...

'Twas different then, 'tis different now...


bulan

bulan (Jawi spelling بولن, plural bulan-bulan, informal 1st possessive bulanku, 2nd possessive bulanmu, 3rd possessive bulannya)

بولن (Jawi)
bulan-bulan (plural)
bulanku (first-person informal possessive)
bulanmu (possessive second-person)
bulannya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: bulan

From Classical Malay bulan, from Proto-Malayic *bulan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bulan, from Proto-Austronesian *bulaN.
First attested in the Kedukan Bukit inscription, 683 CE, as [script needed] (vulan).

moon (largest natural satellite of planet Earth)

moon (any substantially sized natural satellite of a planet)

Aku pergi ke sana dua kali untuk setiap bulan.

month (period into which a year is divided)


kita

Indonesian: kita

Manado Malay: kita

North Moluccan Malay: kita

From Proto-Malayic *kita(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kita, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kita.

we, us, our (inclusive of the person spoken to)


suka

suka (Jawi spelling سوک, plural suka-suka, informal 1st possessive sukaku, 2nd possessive sukamu, 3rd possessive sukanya)

سوک (Jawi)
suka-suka (plural)
sukaku (first-person informal possessive)
sukamu (possessive second-person)
sukanya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: suka

→ Hokkien: 舒合 (su-kah)

→ Teochew: 舒合 (su¹ gah⁴)

menyukai [agent focus + causative benefactive]

disukai [patient focus + causative benefactive]


tak

Cognate with tidak, dak, from Proto-Malayic *daʔ (compare Indonesian tidak), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *diaq.

Saya tak mahu makan.

(informal) not (negates the meaning of the verb)

Buku itu tak mahal.


pula

Bagi Kumpulan C pula akan disertai oleh Pasukan BSRC Veteran, PSJD, Rimba Star, IV Team (DST) dan Azadi FT. Dalam Kumpulan D pula akan disertai oleh Pasukan ITF, Manggis FC, SM FC, Mengelela FC dan PMS.

2018 August 14, Mohamad Asyramisyanie, “39 pasukan bakal berentap [39 teams bound to compete]”, in Media Permata, archived from the original on 2018-10-30:

Group C, in turn, will be joined by BSRC Veteran Team, PSJD, Rimba Star, IV Team (DST) and Azadi FT, while Group D, in turn, will be joined by ITF Team, Manggis FC, SM FC, Mengelela FC and PMS.

in turn (having a relationship sequentially comparable to one just mentioned; accordingly or similarly; with respect to sequence, precedence, or hierarchy)


Muslim

ms-proper noun

Muslim (Jawi spelling مسلم, plural Muslimin or Muslim-Muslim)

مسلم (Jawi)
Muslimin (plural)
Muslim-Muslim (plural)

Indonesian: muslim

Borrowed from Arabic مُسْلِم (muslim, “one who submits”).


er

Possibly borrowed from English er or is a pronunciation spelling of a in non-rhotic Malay accents.

Er, kita tengah ke mana ni?


skirt

ms-noun

skirt (plural skirt-skirt, informal 1st possessive skirtku, 2nd possessive skirtmu, 3rd possessive skirtnya)

skirt-skirt (plural)
skirtku (first-person informal possessive)
skirtmu (possessive second-person)
skirtnya (possessive third-person)


sang

Hikayat Sang Kancil

(formal, poetic) the (used in proper names)


sat

the highest value card in a playing card


hang

(dialectal) (object pronoun) The people spoken, or written to, as an object.

(dialectal) (subject pronoun) The people spoken to or written to, as a subject.


kanji

kanji (Jawi spelling کنجي, plural kanji-kanji, informal 1st possessive kanjiku, 2nd possessive kanjimu, 3rd possessive kanjinya)

کنجي (Jawi)
kanji-kanji (plural)
kanjiku (first-person informal possessive)
kanjimu (possessive second-person)
kanjinya (possessive third-person)


kek

kek (Jawi spelling کيک, plural kek-kek, informal 1st possessive kekku, 2nd possessive kekmu, 3rd possessive keknya)

کيک (Jawi)
kek-kek (plural)
kekku (first-person informal possessive)
kekmu (possessive second-person)
keknya (possessive third-person)


boat

From Proto-Malayic *buat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buhat.


bir

bir (Jawi spelling بير, informal 1st possessive birku, 2nd possessive birmu, 3rd possessive birnya)

بير (Jawi)
birku (first-person informal possessive)
birmu (possessive second-person)
birnya (possessive third-person)


pos

pos (Jawi spelling ڤوس, plural pos-pos, informal 1st possessive posku, 2nd possessive posmu, 3rd possessive posnya)

ڤوس (Jawi)
pos-pos (plural)
posku (first-person informal possessive)
posmu (possessive second-person)
posnya (possessive third-person)

From English post. Cognate to Indonesian pos.

post (assigned station or appointed position in an organization)


ensiklopedia

اينسيکلوڤيديا

ensiklopedia (Jawi spelling اينسيکلوڤيديا, plural ensiklopedia-ensiklopedia, informal 1st possessive ensiklopediaku, 2nd possessive ensiklopediamu, 3rd possessive ensiklopedianya)

اينسيکلوڤيديا (Jawi)
ensiklopedia-ensiklopedia (plural)
ensiklopediaku (first-person informal possessive)
ensiklopediamu (possessive second-person)
ensiklopedianya (possessive third-person)

Learned borrowing from New Latin encyclopaedia (“general education”), a mistaken univerbated form of Koine Greek ἐγκύκλιος παιδείᾱ (enkúklios paideíā, “education in the circle of arts and sciences”), from ἐγκύκλιος (enkúklios, “circular”) + παιδείᾱ (paideíā, “child-rearing, education”).

der

ἐγκύκλιος παιδείᾱ


piano

ms-noun

piano (Jawi spelling ڤيانو, plural piano-piano, informal 1st possessive pianoku, 2nd possessive pianomu, 3rd possessive pianonya)

ڤيانو (Jawi)
piano-piano (plural)
pianoku (first-person informal possessive)
pianomu (possessive second-person)
pianonya (possessive third-person)


meter

meter (Jawi spelling ميتر, plural meter-meter, informal 1st possessive meterku, 2nd possessive metermu, 3rd possessive meternya)

ميتر (Jawi)
meter-meter (plural)
meterku (first-person informal possessive)
metermu (possessive second-person)
meternya (possessive third-person)

From English metre or meter, from French mètre, from Ancient Greek μέτρον (métron, “measure, rule, length, size, poetic metre”).

der

lima meter

International System of Units
International System of Units

The basic unit of length in the International System of Units (SI: Système International d'Unités); a metre or meter.

meter air

A device that is used to measure and record something (distance, quantity of something used, etc.).


orbit

ms-noun

orbit (Jawi spelling اوربيت, plural orbit-orbit, informal 1st possessive orbitku, 2nd possessive orbitmu, 3rd possessive orbitnya)

اوربيت (Jawi)
orbit-orbit (plural)
orbitku (first-person informal possessive)
orbitmu (possessive second-person)
orbitnya (possessive third-person)


persen

persen (plural persen-persen, informal 1st possessive persenku, 2nd possessive persenmu, 3rd possessive persennya)

persen-persen (plural)
persenku (first-person informal possessive)
persenmu (possessive second-person)
persennya (possessive third-person)

From English percent or Dutch percent, from Italian percento, from New Latin per centum (“by the hundred”); first attested as percent in Kitab Vortaro in 1923.

(informal) percent: the amount, number or rate of something, regarded as part of a total of 100; a part of a whole.


organ

organ (Jawi spelling اورݢن, plural organ-organ, informal 1st possessive organku, 2nd possessive organmu, 3rd possessive organnya)

اورݢن (Jawi)
organ-organ (plural)
organku (first-person informal possessive)
organmu (possessive second-person)
organnya (possessive third-person)

(biology) a larger part of an organism, composed of tissues that perform similar functions.

(music) a musical instrument that has multiple pipes which play when a key is pressed (the pipe organ), or an electronic instrument designed to replicate such.

an official magazine, newsletter, or similar publication of an organization.


q

The seventeenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


long

long (Jawi spelling لوڠ, plural long-long, informal 1st possessive longku, 2nd possessive longmu, 3rd possessive longnya)

لوڠ (Jawi)
long-long (plural)
longku (first-person informal possessive)
longmu (possessive second-person)
longnya (possessive third-person)

Compare Khmer លោង (loong), Cham [louŋ], Thai โลง (loong).


v

The twenty-second letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


j

The tenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


l

The twelfth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


mana

where (incomplete without ke, di or dari)


r

The eighteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


proton

proton (plural proton-proton, informal 1st possessive protonku, 2nd possessive protonmu, 3rd possessive protonnya)

proton-proton (plural)
protonku (first-person informal possessive)
protonmu (possessive second-person)
protonnya (possessive third-person)


p

The sixteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


t

The twentieth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


Asia

From English Asia, ultimately from Latin Asia.


b

The second letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


hospital

hospital (Jawi spelling هوسڤيتل, plural hospital-hospital, informal 1st possessive hospitalku, 2nd possessive hospitalmu, 3rd possessive hospitalnya)

هوسڤيتل (Jawi)
hospital-hospital (plural)
hospitalku (first-person informal possessive)
hospitalmu (possessive second-person)
hospitalnya (possessive third-person)

→ Iban: sepital

Borrowed from English hospital, from Middle English hospital, from Old French hospital, from Latin hospitālis.


k

The eleventh letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


g

The seventh letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


w

The twenty-third letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


m

The thirteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


h

The eighth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


n

The fourteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


d

The fourth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


a cappella

a cappella (Jawi spelling اکاڤيلا, informal 1st possessive a cappellaku, 2nd possessive a cappellamu, 3rd possessive a cappellanya)

اکاڤيلا (Jawi)
a cappella ku (first-person informal possessive)
a cappella mu (possessive second-person)
a cappella nya (possessive third-person)


s

The nineteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


z

The twenty-sixth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


c

The third letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


u

The twenty-first letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


e

The fifth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.


hun

hun (plural hun-hun, informal 1st possessive hunku, 2nd possessive hunmu, 3rd possessive hunnya)

hun-hun (plural)
hunku (first-person informal possessive)
hunmu (possessive second-person)
hunnya (possessive third-person)

A unit of weight equal to one hundredth of a tahil.


nitrogen

نيتروݢن (Jawi)

From English nitrogen, from French nitrogène.


edit

head

edit (Jawi spelling ايديت, active mengedit, 3rd person passive diedit)

ايديت (Jawi)
mengedit (active)
diedit (passive third-person)


ABC

ms-noun

ABC (informal 1st possessive ABCku, 2nd possessive ABCmu, 3rd possessive ABCnya)

ABCku (first-person informal possessive)
ABCmu (possessive second-person)
ABCnya (possessive third-person)


darah

darah (Jawi spelling داره, plural darah-darah, informal 1st possessive darahku, 2nd possessive darahmu, 3rd possessive darahnya)

داره (Jawi)
darah-darah (plural)
darahku (first-person informal possessive)
darahmu (possessive second-person)
darahnya (possessive third-person)

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *darah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀaq, from Proto-Austronesian *daʀaq.

blood (vital liquid flowing in animal bodies)

(figurative) A family relationship due to birth, such as that between siblings; contrasted with relationships due to marriage or adoption (see blood relative, blood relation, by blood).


darah

Indonesian: darah

→ Javanese: ꦝꦫꦃ (dharah)


kata

kata (Jawi spelling کات, plural kata-kata, informal 1st possessive kataku, 2nd possessive katamu, 3rd possessive katanya)

کات (Jawi)
kata-kata (plural)
kataku (first-person informal possessive)
katamu (possessive second-person)
katanya (possessive third-person)


temu

Indonesian: têmu

From (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təmu (“to meet, receive; greet a guest”), or alternatively from Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₁mu, *t₁muj, *t₁muəj (“guest, visitor”). Possible doublet of tamu (“guest, visitor”).
First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (tmu).

der

menemukan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

menemui [agent focus + causative benefactive]

ditemukan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

ditemui [patient focus + causative benefactive]

tertemukan [agentless action + causative benefactive]

mempertemukan [causative agent focus + causative benefactive]

dipertemukan [causative passive focus + causative benefactive]


temu

ms-noun

temu (Jawi spelling تمو, plural temu-temu, informal 1st possessive temuku, 2nd possessive temumu, 3rd possessive temunya)

تمو (Jawi)
temu-temu (plural)
temuku (first-person informal possessive)
temumu (possessive second-person)
temunya (possessive third-person)

From (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tamu (“turmeric”).

wild ginger; generic for Curcuma spp. and similar plants


jaguar

jaguar (Jawi spelling جاݢوار, plural jaguar-jaguar, informal 1st possessive jaguarku, 2nd possessive jaguarmu, 3rd possessive jaguarnya)

جاݢوار (Jawi)
jaguar-jaguar (plural)
jaguarku (first-person informal possessive)
jaguarmu (possessive second-person)
jaguarnya (possessive third-person)

From English jaguar, from Portuguese, from Old Tupi jaguara.

Panthera onca
Panthera onca#Translingual


pohon

pohon (Jawi spelling ڤوهون, plural pohon-pohon, informal 1st possessive pohonku, 2nd possessive pohonmu, 3rd possessive pohonnya)

ڤوهون (Jawi)
pohon-pohon (plural)
pohonku (first-person informal possessive)
pohonmu (possessive second-person)
pohonnya (possessive third-person)

> Indonesian: pohon (inherited)

From Proto-Malayic *puhun (compare Iban pun), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puqun, from Proto-Austronesian *puqun.


pohon

> Indonesian: pohon (inherited)


PBS

Parti Bersatu Sabah
w:ms:Parti Bersatu Sabah

(Malaysian politics) Initialism of Parti Bersatu Sabah (“United Sabah Party”).


helium

هيليوم (Jawi)

From English helium, from New Latin helium, from Ancient Greek ἥλιος (hḗlios).


tantalum

From English tantalum, from Latin Tantalus.


lutetium

From English lutetium, from Latin Lutetia.


europium

europium (plural europium-europium, informal 1st possessive europiumku, 2nd possessive europiummu, 3rd possessive europiumnya)

europium-europium (plural)
europiumku (first-person informal possessive)
europiummu (possessive second-person)
europiumnya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from English europium, from French europium.


gadolinium

From English gadolinium, from Finnish Gadolin.


terbium

From English terbium, from Swedish Ytterby.


xenon

From English xenon, from Ancient Greek ξένον (xénon), neuter of ξένος (xénos).


polonium

From English polonium, from Latin Polonia.


hafnium

From English hafnium, from Latin Hafnia.


einsteinium

From English einsteinium, from Einstein.


selenium

From English selenium, from New Latin, from Ancient Greek Σελήνη (Selḗnē).


rubidium

From English rubidium, from New Latin rubidium, from Latin rūbidus.

rubidium (element with atomic number 37)


magnesium

مݢنيسيوم (Jawi)

From English magnesium, from New Latin magnēsium.


strontium

From English strontium, from Scots Strontian.


germanium

From English germanium, from Latin Germānia + -ium.


tungsten

توڠستن (Jawi)

From English tungsten, from Swedish tungsten (“scheelite”).


osmium

From English osmium, from Ancient Greek ὀσμή (osmḗ) -ium.


barium

From English barium, from Ancient Greek βαρύς (barús).


holmium

From English holmium, from Latin Holmia.


iridium

From English iridium, from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris) -ium.


erbium

From English erbium, from Swedish Ytterby.


idea

idea (Jawi spelling ايديا, plural idea-idea, informal 1st possessive ideaku, 2nd possessive ideamu, 3rd possessive ideanya)

ايديا (Jawi)
idea-idea (plural)
ideaku (first-person informal possessive)
ideamu (possessive second-person)
ideanya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from English idea, from Latin idea (“a (Platonic) idea; archetype”), from Ancient Greek ἰδέα (idéa, “notion, pattern”), from εἴδω (eídō, “I see”).


yu

ms-noun

yu (Jawi spelling يو, plural yu-yu, informal 1st possessive yuku, 2nd possessive yumu, 3rd possessive yunya)

يو (Jawi)
yu-yu (plural)
yuku (first-person informal possessive)
yumu (possessive second-person)
yunya (possessive third-person)

From hiu, from Proto-Malayic *hiu, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *hiu, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *hiu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qihu (compare Fijian qio), from Proto-Austronesian *qiSu.

Ikan yu ialah seekor haiwan akuatik yang sangat kuat gigitannya.

The shark is an aquatic animal whose bites are very strong.


boron

boron (Jawi spelling بورون, plural boron-boron, informal 1st possessive boronku, 2nd possessive boronmu, 3rd possessive boronnya)

بورون (Jawi)
boron-boron (plural)
boronku (first-person informal possessive)
boronmu (possessive second-person)
boronnya (possessive third-person)


mu

Shortened form of kamu, from Proto-Malayic *kamu(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kamu, *kamiu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kamu, *kamiu.


argon

argon (Jawi spelling ارݢون, plural argon-argon, informal 1st possessive argonku, 2nd possessive argonmu, 3rd possessive argonnya)

ارݢون (Jawi)
argon-argon (plural)
argonku (first-person informal possessive)
argonmu (possessive second-person)
argonnya (possessive third-person)

From English argon, from Ancient Greek ἀργόν (argón).


beta

(royal) I, me, my (exclusive use in royalty, subject is either king or queen)


beta

beta (Jawi spelling بيتا, plural beta-beta, informal 1st possessive betaku, 2nd possessive betamu, 3rd possessive betanya)

بيتا (Jawi)
beta-beta (plural)
betaku (first-person informal possessive)
betamu (possessive second-person)
betanya (possessive third-person)

beta (second letter of the Greek alphabet)


aluminium

الومينيوم (Jawi)


atom

atom (plural atom-atom, informal 1st possessive atomku, 2nd possessive atommu, 3rd possessive atomnya)

atom-atom (plural)
atomku (first-person informal possessive)
atommu (possessive second-person)
atomnya (possessive third-person)

From English atom, from Old French atome, from Latin atomus, from Ancient Greek ἄτομος (átomos).

(physics) atom (physics: smallest possible amount of matter retaining its chemical properties)


platinum

From English platinum, from Spanish platina.


natural

ناتورل (Jawi)

Borrowed from English natural, from Middle English natural, from Old French natural, naturel, from Latin nātūrālis, from nātus, the perfect participle of nāscor (“be born”, verb).


natural

natural (Jawi spelling ناتورل, plural natural-natural, informal 1st possessive naturalku, 2nd possessive naturalmu, 3rd possessive naturalnya)

ناتورل (Jawi)
natural-natural (plural)
naturalku (first-person informal possessive)
naturalmu (possessive second-person)
naturalnya (possessive third-person)

(music) natural: the symbol ♮ used to indicate such a natural note.


deuterium

From English hydrogen, from Ancient Greek δεύτερος (deúteros, “second”) + -ium.

uder

(physics) deuterium (isotope of hydrogen)


neon

From English neon, from Ancient Greek νέον (néon), neuter of νέος (néos).


sulfur

ms-noun

sulfur (Jawi spelling سولفور, plural sulfur-sulfur, informal 1st possessive sulfurku, 2nd possessive sulfurmu, 3rd possessive sulfurnya)

سولفور (Jawi)
sulfur-sulfur (plural)
sulfurku (first-person informal possessive)
sulfurmu (possessive second-person)
sulfurnya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from English sulfur, from Middle English, from Anglo-Norman sulfre, from Latin sulfur.


nah

Nah! Ambil ini.


lu

Aku gerak lu.


au

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *au, from Proto-Austronesian *au₂.


dam

dam (Jawi spelling دم, plural dam-dam, informal 1st possessive damku, 2nd possessive dammu, 3rd possessive damnya)

دم (Jawi)
dam-dam (plural)
damku (first-person informal possessive)
dammu (possessive second-person)
damnya (possessive third-person)

draughts; checkers (two-player board game).


tri

Borrowed from Sanskrit त्रि (tri), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *tráyas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tráyas, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.


ca

ca (Jawi spelling چا, informal 1st possessive caku, 2nd possessive camu, 3rd possessive canya)

چا (Jawi)
caku (first-person informal possessive)
camu (possessive second-person)
canya (possessive third-person)


mega

mega (Jawi spelling ميݢ, plural mega-mega, informal 1st possessive megaku, 2nd possessive megamu, 3rd possessive meganya)

ميݢ (Jawi)
mega-mega (plural)
megaku (first-person informal possessive)
megamu (possessive second-person)
meganya (possessive third-person)

/ اون (more commonly used)

cloud (visible mass of water droplets suspended in the air)


online

Permainan online


vegan

vegan (Jawi spelling ۏيݢان, plural vegan-vegan, informal 1st possessive veganku, 2nd possessive veganmu, 3rd possessive vegannya)

ۏيݢان (Jawi)
vegan-vegan (plural)
veganku (first-person informal possessive)
veganmu (possessive second-person)
vegannya (possessive third-person)


vegetarian

vegetarian (Jawi spelling ۏيݢيتاريان, plural vegetarian-vegetarian, informal 1st possessive vegetarianku, 2nd possessive vegetarianmu, 3rd possessive vegetariannya)

ۏيݢيتاريان (Jawi)
vegetarian-vegetarian (plural)
vegetarianku (first-person informal possessive)
vegetarianmu (possessive second-person)
vegetariannya (possessive third-person)


amalgam

amalgam (Jawi spelling املݢم, plural amalgam-amalgam, informal 1st possessive amalgamku, 2nd possessive amalgammu, 3rd possessive amalgamnya)

املݢم (Jawi)
amalgam-amalgam (plural)
amalgamku (first-person informal possessive)
amalgammu (possessive second-person)
amalgamnya (possessive third-person)


banal

From Dutch banaal, from French banal, from Medieval Latin bannalis, from bannum.


halal

ditanggung halal

mencari rezeki halal

(especially Islam) halal, lawful, permissible (according to Muslim religious customs, pertaining to various matters such as food or business practices)


Jakarta

Jakarta (a province and capital city of Indonesia)


Bali

Bali (an island and province of Indonesia)


Bali

Balinese (of, or relating to Bali, or its inhabitants, language)


es

The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.


tu

Shortened form of itu, from Proto-Malayic *(i)tu(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)tu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)Cu.

(colloquial) that (what is being indicated)


ar

The name of the Latin-script letter R/r.


zoo

zoo (Jawi spelling زو, plural zoo-zoo, informal 1st possessive zooku, 2nd possessive zoomu, 3rd possessive zoonya)

زو (Jawi)
zoo-zoo (plural)
zooku (first-person informal possessive)
zoomu (possessive second-person)
zoonya (possessive third-person)

Jurucakap zoo, Elena Mendosa memberitahu pembiakan gorilla di Zoo Moscow merupakan sesuatu yang unik dan berharap proses berkenaan akan berterusan.

2013 February 13, “Gorilla lahirkan anak di zoo Moscow [Gorilla gives birth to offspring at Moscow Zoo]”, in Astro Awani:

A zoo spokeswoman, Elena Mendosa said that gorilla breeding at the Moscow Zoo is something unique and hoped the process would continue.

zoo (park where live animals are exhibited)


pun

Indonesian: pun

Probably from Proto-Austronesian *pa (“still, first, yet”)


import

ايمڤورت (Jawi)

From English import, from Middle English importen, from Old French emporter, importer, from Latin importō (“bring in from abroad, import”, verb), from in (“in, at, on; into”) + portō (“I carry, bear; convey”).

der

beras import


import

ms-noun

import (Jawi spelling ايمڤورت, plural import-import, informal 1st possessive importku, 2nd possessive importmu, 3rd possessive importnya)

ايمڤورت (Jawi)
import-import (plural)
importku (first-person informal possessive)
importmu (possessive second-person)
importnya (possessive third-person)

Import mengatasi eksport di negara ini.

The import tops the export in this country.

The action or process of importing; importation, import.


import

head

import (Jawi spelling ايمڤورت, active mengimport, 3rd person passive diimport)

ايمڤورت (Jawi)
mengimport (active)
diimport (passive third-person)

Produk ini telah diimport dari China.


bang

ms-noun

bang (Jawi spelling بڠ, plural bang-bang, informal 1st possessive bangku, 2nd possessive bangmu, 3rd possessive bangnya)

بڠ (Jawi)
bang-bang (plural)
bangku (first-person informal possessive)
bangmu (possessive second-person)
bangnya (possessive third-person)

From Persian بانگ (“voice, sound, noise, cry”).


bang

(colloquial) brother (older male sibling)


la

Clipping of la ni, itself a clipping of kala ini, making la a clipping of kala.

(dialectal, Kedah, Kelantan-Pattani, Terengganu) At the present time or moment; now.


fail

information or a document about someone, something etc.

(computing) file (aggregation of data on a storage device)


fail

(with untuk) file (make a formal request)


George Town

جورج تاءون (Jawi)

Unadapted borrowing from English George Town.

ubor

George Town (the capital of Penang, Malaysia)

George Town (the capital of the Cayman Islands)


kelapa

ms-noun

kelapa (Jawi spelling کلاڤ, plural kelapa-kelapa, informal 1st possessive kelapaku, 2nd possessive kelapamu, 3rd possessive kelapanya)

کلاڤ (Jawi)
kelapa-kelapa (plural)
kelapaku (first-person informal possessive)
kelapamu (possessive second-person)
kelapanya (possessive third-person)

Bahasa Baku, Singaporean Standard, Sabah

From Classical Malay kelapa (cognate of Old Javanese kalapa, Javanese ꦏ꧀ꦭꦥ (klapa), Sundanese ᮊᮜᮕ (kalapa)), probably from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *k-al-aqpaq (compare Malay pelepah from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *palaqpaq, reconstructed from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *p-al-aqpaq).


se

Shortened form of esa, from Proto-Malayic *əsa.


fatwa

fatwa (Jawi spelling فتوى, plural fatwa-fatwa, informal 1st possessive fatwaku, 2nd possessive fatwamu, 3rd possessive fatwanya)

فتوى (Jawi)
fatwa-fatwa (plural)
fatwaku (first-person informal possessive)
fatwamu (possessive second-person)
fatwanya (possessive third-person)

From Arabic فَتْوَى (fatwā, “formal legal opinion”), the verbal noun of أَفْتَى (ʔaftā, “to deliver a formal opinion”). Doublet of petua.

bor

(Islam) fatwa (legal opinion issued by a mufti)


tau

From Proto-Malayic *tahu(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Chamic, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqu, from Proto-Austronesian *Caqu.

(informal) Alternative form of tahu (“to know”)


tau

ms-noun

tau (Jawi spelling تاو, plural tau-tau, informal 1st possessive tauku, 2nd possessive taumu, 3rd possessive taunya)

تاو (Jawi)
tau-tau (plural)
tauku (first-person informal possessive)
taumu (possessive second-person)
taunya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from English tau, from Ancient Greek ταῦ (taû).


banjo

banjo (Jawi spelling بنجو, plural banjo-banjo, informal 1st possessive banjoku, 2nd possessive banjomu, 3rd possessive banjonya)

بنجو (Jawi)
banjo-banjo (plural)
banjoku (first-person informal possessive)
banjomu (possessive second-person)
banjonya (possessive third-person)


galah

galah (Jawi spelling ݢاله, plural galah-galah, informal 1st possessive galahku, 2nd possessive galahmu, 3rd possessive galahnya)

ݢاله (Jawi)
galah-galah (plural)
galahku (first-person informal possessive)
galahmu (possessive second-person)
galahnya (possessive third-person)


Allah

From Arabic اَللّٰه (allāh); ultimately from Proto-Semitic *ʾil-.


baba

baba (Jawi spelling باب, plural baba-baba, informal 1st possessive babaku, 2nd possessive babamu, 3rd possessive babanya)

باب (Jawi)
baba-baba (plural)
babaku (first-person informal possessive)
babamu (possessive second-person)
babanya (possessive third-person)


baba

Possibly borrowed from Persian بابا (bâbâ). See Baba (honorific).

A colonial Straits-born European, Eurasian, or Chinese man (as opposed to immigrant Chinese or European males)

(archaic) Respectful term of address for a Portuguese gentleman


kopi

kopi (Jawi spelling کوڤي, plural kopi-kopi, informal 1st possessive kopiku, 2nd possessive kopimu, 3rd possessive kopinya)

کوڤي (Jawi)
kopi-kopi (plural)
kopiku (first-person informal possessive)
kopimu (possessive second-person)
kopinya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: kopi

→ Petjo: kopie

→ Cantonese: 咖啡 (go³ bi¹)

→ Min Nan: 咖啡 (ko-pi, ko-phi); 高丕, 戈丕 (obsolete)

Borrowed from Dutch koffie, from Italian caffè, from Ottoman Turkish قهوه (kahve) (Turkish kahve), from Arabic قَهْوَة (qahwa, “coffee”). Doublet of kafe and kahwa.


kopi

kopi (plural kopi-kopi, informal 1st possessive kopiku, 2nd possessive kopimu, 3rd possessive kopinya)

kopi-kopi (plural)
kopiku (first-person informal possessive)
kopimu (possessive second-person)
kopinya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from Sanskrit कूप (kūpa, “leather oil vessel”) via Old Javanese.

bor

(East Coast Peninsular) Alternative form of kupi, tin can


Jepang

(historical, chiefly Indonesia) Japan (A country in the Far East of Asia)

(historical, chiefly Indonesia) Japanese (ethnic group)

(historical, chiefly Indonesia) Japanese (language)


Jepang

Indonesian: Jepang

→ Dutch: Japan (see there for further descendants)

→ Portuguese: Japão (see there for further descendants)

→ Sundanese: ᮏᮨᮕᮀ (jepang)

(historical, chiefly Indonesia) Japanese (pertaining to the ethnic group or language)

jepangkan

1st and 2nd person passive form of menjepangkan


flamingo

ms-noun

flamingo (plural flamingo-flamingo, informal 1st possessive flamingoku, 2nd possessive flamingomu, 3rd possessive flamingonya)

flamingo-flamingo (plural)
flamingoku (first-person informal possessive)
flamingomu (possessive second-person)
flamingonya (possessive third-person)


panda

panda (Jawi spelling ڤندا, plural panda-panda, informal 1st possessive pandaku, 2nd possessive pandamu, 3rd possessive pandanya)

ڤندا (Jawi)
panda-panda (plural)
pandaku (first-person informal possessive)
pandamu (possessive second-person)
pandanya (possessive third-person)


dugong

dugong (Jawi spelling دوݢوڠ, plural dugong-dugong, informal 1st possessive dugongku, 2nd possessive dugongmu, 3rd possessive dugongnya)

دوݢوڠ (Jawi)
dugong-dugong (plural)
dugongku (first-person informal possessive)
dugongmu (possessive second-person)
dugongnya (possessive third-person)

From English dugong, from Cebuano dugong. Doublet of duyung.


ini

First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684AD. From Proto-Malayic *(i)ni(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)ni, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)ni.

this (known (thing) about to be mentioned)

this (known (thing) that the speaker does not think is known to the audience)


ini

this (The thing, item, etc. being indicated)


roman

roman (plural roman-roman, informal 1st possessive romanku, 2nd possessive romanmu, 3rd possessive romannya)

roman-roman (plural)
romanku (first-person informal possessive)
romanmu (possessive second-person)
romannya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: roman

From Dutch roman, from French roman, from Old French romanz (“common language (as opposed to Latin)”), from Vulgar Latin romanicē (“in the way of the Romans (as opposed to the Franks)”), from Latin rōmānicus < rōmānus.

der

(obsolete) a novel, story written in long prose


dari

First attested in the Kedukan Bukit inscription, 683AD.

Dia datang dari Kanada.

Juan Carlos I dari Sepanyol


si

From Proto-Austronesian *si₁. Compare Compare Berik si, Chamorro si, Indonesian si, and Tagalog si.

Ke mana perginya si budak nakal yang aku jumpa di taman tadi?

Where has the brat I just met in the park headed to?

the (primarily used with people, rarely necessary)

si mati

definite particle used with adjectives to describe people

Si Polan

a definite article used in names or nicknames


je

Phonetic spelling of ja in Johor-Riau Malay, clipping of sahaja or saja.


je

The name of the Latin-script letter J/j.


ikan

ms-noun

ikan (Jawi spelling ايکن, plural ikan-ikan, informal 1st possessive ikanku, 2nd possessive ikanmu, 3rd possessive ikannya)

ايکن (Jawi)
ikan-ikan (plural)
ikanku (first-person informal possessive)
ikanmu (possessive second-person)
ikannya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: ikan

From Proto-Malayic *ikan, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *ikan, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *ikan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hikan, from Proto-Austronesian *Sikan; underlying form: *Si-kan, where *Si is a nominalizer and *kan is a root meaning "to eat" (cognate with makan, of which prefixed with fossilized m-).

Ikan itu berwarna biru.

perikanan [causative passive + resultative


bes

bes (Jawi spelling بيس, plural bes-bes, informal 1st possessive besku, 2nd possessive besmu, 3rd possessive besnya)

بيس (Jawi)
bes-bes (plural)
besku (first-person informal possessive)
besmu (possessive second-person)
besnya (possessive third-person)

(chemistry) base, any of a class of generally water-soluble compounds, having bitter taste, that turn red litmus blue, and react with acids to form salts.


tuna

tuna (Jawi spelling تونا, plural tuna-tuna, informal 1st possessive tunaku, 2nd possessive tunamu, 3rd possessive tunanya)

تونا (Jawi)
tuna-tuna (plural)
tunaku (first-person informal possessive)
tunamu (possessive second-person)
tunanya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuna, from Proto-Austronesian *tuNa (“freshwater eel”).

inh

Mohd Akhmal berkata, selain ikan lampam, seorang penduduk turut dapat menangkap seekor belut tuna seberat hampir tiga kilogram menggunakan jala.

2015 December 6, Shaiful Shahrin Ahmad Pauzi, “Rezeki lampam mabuk menyerah diri [Pixilated tinfoil barb surrendered itself]”, in Berita Harian, archived from the original on 2016-03-20:

Mohd Akhmal said, besides a tinfoil barb, a resident has managed to catch a marbled eel weighing almost three kilograms using a net.

The name of a mudsnake or eel with a yellowish body, possibly the marbled eel, Anguilla marmorata.


tuna

tuna, any of several species of fish of the genus Thunnus in the family Scombridae.


tuna

ms-noun

tuna (plural tuna-tuna, informal 1st possessive tunaku, 2nd possessive tunamu, 3rd possessive tunanya)

tuna-tuna (plural)
tunaku (first-person informal possessive)
tunamu (possessive second-person)
tunanya (possessive third-person)

From Sanskrit तुणति (tuṇati, “crooked”).


Urdu

From Classical Persian اُرْدُو (urdū), from Proto-Turkic *ordu (“army, camp”).


lah

→ English: lah (or directly from Cantonese 啦 (laa¹))

Saya ada di sini lah.

Kau ni bodoh betul lah!

Diam lah!

Pergi sana lah!

(informal) Final particle indicating an imperative, reassurance or emphasis.


lupa

Aku sudah lupa yang dia sudah berpindah!


اب

اب (plural اب-اب or اب۲, informal 1st possessive ابکو, 2nd possessive ابمو, 3rd possessive ابڽ)

اب-اب (plural)
اب۲ (plural)
ابکو (first-person informal possessive)
ابمو (possessive second-person)
ابڽ (possessive third-person)


nur

nur (Jawi spelling نور, plural nur-nur, informal 1st possessive nurku, 2nd possessive nurmu, 3rd possessive nurnya)

نور (Jawi)
nur-nur (plural)
nurku (first-person informal possessive)
nurmu (possessive second-person)
nurnya (possessive third-person)


main

head

main (Jawi spelling ماءين, used in the form bermain)

Indonesian: main

→ Tok Pisin: main

A phonemical reduction from Pre-Proto-Malayic *q-um-ayam, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qayam. The Buku Katan alternatively proposes it as a product of suffixing maya + -an.

permainkan [causative passive + causative benefactive]

memainkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dimainkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


tuil

ms-noun

tuil (Jawi spelling توءيل, plural tuil-tuil, informal 1st possessive tuilku, 2nd possessive tuilmu, 3rd possessive tuilnya)

توءيل (Jawi)
tuil-tuil (plural)
tuilku (first-person informal possessive)
tuilmu (possessive second-person)
tuilnya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *tuil, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *tuil, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *tuil, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuil.


zon

zon (Jawi spelling زون, plural zon-zon, informal 1st possessive zonku, 2nd possessive zonmu, 3rd possessive zonnya)

زون (Jawi)
zon-zon (plural)
zonku (first-person informal possessive)
zonmu (possessive second-person)
zonnya (possessive third-person)


diem

From Proto-Malayic *hidəm, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hidəm.


dik

Clipping of adik, from Proto-Malayic *adi-ʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *adi-ʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *wadi-ʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *huaji-q, from *huaji, from Proto-Austronesian *Suaji.


bom

bom (Jawi spelling بوم, plural bom-bom, informal 1st possessive bomku, 2nd possessive bommu, 3rd possessive bomnya)

بوم (Jawi)
bom-bom (plural)
bomku (first-person informal possessive)
bommu (possessive second-person)
bomnya (possessive third-person)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek βόμβος (bómbos).


Aaron

From English Aaron, from Latin Aaron, from Ancient Greek Ἀαρών (Aarṓn), from Hebrew אַהֲרֹן (ʾAhărōn). Doublet of Harun.


hai

Hai orang-orang yang beriman!


hai

Hai, tengah buat apa ni?


bon

bon (Jawi spelling بون, plural bon-bon, informal 1st possessive bonku, 2nd possessive bonmu, 3rd possessive bonnya)

بون (Jawi)
bon-bon (plural)
bonku (first-person informal possessive)
bonmu (possessive second-person)
bonnya (possessive third-person)

(finance) bond: documentary obligation to pay a sum or to perform a contract.


ada

Indonesian: ada

From Proto-Malayic *ada, *ada-ʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *ada, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *wada, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wada.

Ada dua jalan untuk ke sekolah.

There are two routes for going to school.

Saya cuma ada satu pemadam.


jam

jam (Jawi spelling جم, plural jam-jam, informal 1st possessive jamku, 2nd possessive jammu, 3rd possessive jamnya)

جم (Jawi)
jam-jam (plural)
jamku (first-person informal possessive)
jammu (possessive second-person)
jamnya (possessive third-person)

Baba Malay: jam

Indonesian: jam

→ Iban: jam

→ Javanese: ꦗꦩ꧀ (jam)

→ Pattani Malay: جٍي / แยฺ (jɛ)

clock (instrument to measure or keep track of time)


wanita

wanita (Jawi spelling وانيتا, plural wanita-wanita, informal 1st possessive wanitaku, 2nd possessive wanitamu, 3rd possessive wanitanya)

وانيتا (Jawi)
wanita-wanita (plural)
wanitaku (first-person informal possessive)
wanitamu (possessive second-person)
wanitanya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: wanita


dengan

Indonesian: dengan

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dəŋan.
First attested in the Kedukan Bukit inscription, 683 CE, as [script needed] (daṅan).

Seperti kutahu, dari abad bahang ini, petaka mewabah
di dada manusia dengan harapan cacar-cacar,
menyambut dengan tangan sopak dan hati calar
semua ledakan keinginan dengan darah bara

2005 [1959 August 2], A. Samad Said, A. Samad Said: Sebuah antologi puisi yang menghimpunkan karya-karya selama setengah abad [A. Samad Said: An anthology of poems assembled from works spanning half a century], Utusan Publications, Tempat Lahir (Poem No. 58), page 85:

As I know, from this scorching century, disaster spreads
in the breasts of humans with everchanging hopes,
greets with vitiligous hands and scratched hearts
all thoughts exploding with raging blood


dengan

Di samping itu, perlawanan persahabatan di antara pemain-pemain Bulu Tangkis Pengguna Dewan Lambak Kanan Brunei Darussalam dengan Pasukan Bulu Tangkis Pejabat Residen Bintulu diadakan pada 8 April di Dewan Kelab Kidurong Bintulu dengan perlawanan dimenangi oleh pasukan dari Negara Brunei Darussalam dengan kiraan 13-1.

2017 April 12, Sim Y. H., “Erat silaturahim dengan sukan badminton [Strengthen bond of friendship through badminton sport]”, in Media Permata, archived from the original on 2018-10-24:

Besides that, the friendship tournament between players of the Badminton Users' of the Lambak Kanan Hall in Brunei Darussalam and the badminton team of the Residents' Office of Bintulu was held on the 8th of April at the Kidurong Club Hall of Bintulu and the match was won by the team from the country of Brunei Darussalam with a 13-1 score.


belajar

Indonesian: belajar


betina

Indonesian: betina

From Proto-Malayic, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina (compare Fijian tina).

female (belonging to the sex with larger, fertilizable gametes (of animals and plants))


pendek

Indonesian: pendek

→ Cebuano: pandak

→ Tagalog: pandak


coklat

coklat (Jawi spelling چوکلت, plural coklat-coklat, informal 1st possessive coklatku, 2nd possessive coklatmu, 3rd possessive coklatnya)

چوکلت (Jawi)
coklat-coklat (plural)
coklatku (first-person informal possessive)
coklatmu (possessive second-person)
coklatnya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from English chocolate, from Spanish chocolate, ultimately of Nahuatl origin (compare Indonesian cokelat).

sekeping coklat

Coklat dapat meningkatkan fungsi otak.

chocolate (food made from ground roasted cocoa beans)

warna coklat

chocolate (dark brown color similar to chocolate)


coklat

Indonesian: cokelat

→ Hokkien: coklat (Penang)

→ Ternate: coklat

kek coklat

chocolate (made of or containing chocolate)

pewarna coklat


sahabat

sahabat (Jawi spelling صحابت, plural sahabat-sahabat, informal 1st possessive sahabatku, 2nd possessive sahabatmu, 3rd possessive sahabatnya)

صحابت (Jawi)
sahabat-sahabat (plural)
sahabatku (first-person informal possessive)
sahabatmu (possessive second-person)
sahabatnya (possessive third-person)

bor

Arabic صَحَابَة (ṣaḥāba)

friend (person whose company one enjoys)

(historical, Islam) sahabah, companion of prophet Muhammad


ahad

Indonesian: ahad

Borrowed from Arabic أَحَد (ʔaḥad). Doublet of Ahad.


bagasi

ms-noun

bagasi (Jawi spelling بݢاسي, plural bagasi-bagasi, informal 1st possessive bagasiku, 2nd possessive bagasimu, 3rd possessive bagasinya)

بݢاسي (Jawi)
bagasi-bagasi (plural)
bagasiku (first-person informal possessive)
bagasimu (possessive second-person)
bagasinya (possessive third-person)

storage space of a vehicle (of a motorcycle, car, etc.)


belum

North Moluccan Malay: bolóm

Saya belum tahu.


jantan

Indonesian: jantan

male (belonging or referring to the sex having the smaller gametes (of animals and plants))


bumi

bumi (Jawi spelling بومي, informal 1st possessive bumiku, 2nd possessive bumimu, 3rd possessive buminya)

بومي (Jawi)
bumiku (first-person informal possessive)
bumimu (possessive second-person)
buminya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: bumi

From Old Malay bhūmi (attested in the Kota Kapur inscription), from Sanskrit भूमि (bhūmi, “earth”).


biasa

From Sanskrit अभ्यास (abhyāsa, “habit”).


hutan

hutan (Jawi spelling هوتن, plural hutan-hutan, informal 1st possessive hutanku, 2nd possessive hutanmu, 3rd possessive hutannya)

هوتن (Jawi)
hutan-hutan (plural)
hutanku (first-person informal possessive)
hutanmu (possessive second-person)
hutannya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: hutan

From Proto-Malayic *hutan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qutan, from Proto-Austronesian *quCaN.

menghutankan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dihutankan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


waktu

waktu (Jawi spelling وقتو, plural waktu-waktu, informal 1st possessive waktuku, 2nd possessive waktumu, 3rd possessive waktunya)

وقتو (Jawi)
waktu-waktu (plural)
waktuku (first-person informal possessive)
waktumu (possessive second-person)
waktunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: waktu

→ Ternate: waktu

time (time of day, as indicated by a clock, etc)

time (measurement under some system of the time of day or moment in time)

time (numerical indication of a particular moment in time)


asing

foreign (belonging to a different culture)

foreign (in a place where it does not belong)


tidak

From Proto-Malayic *daʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *diaq. Cognate with tak, dak.
First attested in the Telaga Batu inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (tīda).

Saya tidak mahu makan.

Buku itu tidak mahal.


ajaib

عجاءيب (Jawi)

miraculous (by supernatural or uncommon causes)


enam

Indonesian: enam

From Proto-Malayic *ənəm, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *ənəm, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *ənəm, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ənəm, from Proto-Austronesian *ənəm.


baju

baju (Jawi spelling باجو, plural baju-baju, informal 1st possessive bajuku, 2nd possessive bajumu, 3rd possessive bajunya)

باجو (Jawi)
baju-baju (plural)
bajuku (first-person informal possessive)
bajumu (possessive second-person)
bajunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: baju

→ Balinese: ᬩᬚᬸ (baju)

desctree

→ Dutch: baadje
Afrikaans: baadjie
→ Shona: bhachi
→ Xhosa: ibhatyi
→ Zulu: ibhantshi
→ Papiamentu: bachi

→ English: baju

→ Ilocano: bado

→ Javanese: ꦧꦗꦸ (baju)

→ Minangkabau: baju

→ Pattani Malay: باجو / บายฺู (baju)

→ Remontado Agta: badu

→ Sundanese: ᮘᮏᮥ (baju)

→ Tagalog: baro

→ Urak Lawoi': บายฺู (baju)

From Classical Persian بازو (bāzū, “upper arm”).


tujuh

Johor-Selangor, Riau-Lingga, Northern Peninsular Malay

From Proto-Malayic *tujuh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuzuq (“to indicate, point”), from Proto-Austronesian *tuzuq (“to point at, point out; give directions”). Doublet of tunjuk.


sudah

Indonesian: sudah

⇒ North Moluccan Malay: so

Kamu sudah makan kah?


hilang

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qilaŋ (“lose, disappear, be lost (as possessions)”).


pulau

ms-noun

pulau (Jawi spelling ڤولاو, plural pulau-pulau, informal 1st possessive pulauku, 2nd possessive pulaumu, 3rd possessive pulaunya)

ڤولاو (Jawi)
pulau-pulau (plural)
pulauku (first-person informal possessive)
pulaumu (possessive second-person)
pulaunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: pulau

zh-l

浮爐／浮炉 (phû-lô͘)

→ Min Nan: 浮爐／浮炉 (phû-lô͘)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pulaw. Compare Uneapa vulo (“land”).

island (area of land completely surrounded by water)


pulau

Aqil dipulau oleh rakan sekelasnya.

Aqil is being ostracised by his classmates.


meja

ms-noun

meja (Jawi spelling ميجا, plural meja-meja, informal 1st possessive mejaku, 2nd possessive mejamu, 3rd possessive mejanya)

ميجا (Jawi)
meja-meja (plural)
mejaku (first-person informal possessive)
mejamu (possessive second-person)
mejanya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: meja

From Portuguese mesa (“table”), from Old Galician-Portuguese, from Latin mēnsa.


beli

Indonesian: beli

From Proto-Malayic *bəli, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *bəli, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *bəli, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəli, from Proto-Austronesian *bəli.


duit

duit (Jawi spelling دوءيت, plural duit-duit, informal 1st possessive duitku, 2nd possessive duitmu, 3rd possessive duitnya)

دوءيت (Jawi)
duit-duit (plural)
duitku (first-person informal possessive)
duitmu (possessive second-person)
duitnya (possessive third-person)

Betawi: duit

Indonesian: duit
→ Petjo: doewit

→ Chinese: 鐳／镭 (lûi)

Iban: duit

Borrowed from Dutch duit (“a small Dutch coin”).

Duit ringgit


bapa

bapa (Jawi spelling باڤ, plural bapa-bapa, informal 1st possessive bapaku, 2nd possessive bapamu, 3rd possessive bapanya)

باڤ (Jawi)
bapa-bapa (plural)
bapaku (first-person informal possessive)
bapamu (possessive second-person)
bapanya (possessive third-person)

From Old Javanese bapa, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *appa. Hoogervorst mentioned that the word was affixed as *ba- (“someone who fulfils the function of or behaves like”) + apak (“father”), which is a cognate of Tamil அப்பா (appā, “father”), and comparable to modern ber- + apak. See also Ashokan Prakrit *𑀩𑀸𑀧𑁆𑀧 (*bāppa, “father”).

ncog

bapa Daniel

Bapa Kemerdekaan

The founder of a cause, movement and so on.

A form of address to an older male person.


laki-laki

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian (compare Madurese lalake, Tagalog lalaki); Full reduplication of laki.


tanah

ms-noun

tanah (Jawi spelling تانه, plural tanah-tanah, informal 1st possessive tanahku, 2nd possessive tanahmu, 3rd possessive tanahnya)

تانه (Jawi)
tanah-tanah (plural)
tanahku (first-person informal possessive)
tanahmu (possessive second-person)
tanahnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: tanah

From Proto-Malayic *tanah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tanəq.


pisang

pisang (Jawi spelling ڤيسڠ, plural pisang-pisang, informal 1st possessive pisangku, 2nd possessive pisangmu, 3rd possessive pisangnya)

ڤيسڠ (Jawi)
pisang-pisang (plural)
pisangku (first-person informal possessive)
pisangmu (possessive second-person)
pisangnya (possessive third-person)

→ Dutch: pisang
Afrikaans: piesang

Indonesian: pisang

→ Swedish: pisang

Compare Acehnese pisang, Banjarese pisang, Indonesian pisang.

Pisang ialah buah kegemaran saya.


panjang

Panjangnya barisan tu!


kawan

kawan (Jawi spelling کاون, plural kawan-kawan, informal 1st possessive kawanku, 2nd possessive kawanmu, 3rd possessive kawannya)

کاون (Jawi)
kawan-kawan (plural)
kawanku (first-person informal possessive)
kawanmu (possessive second-person)
kawannya (possessive third-person)


kawan

kau-

informal/towards God; friendly/older towards younger

(Johor-Selangor) me (direct object of a verb)

(Johor-Selangor) me (object of a preposition)

(Johor-Selangor) me (indirect object of a verb)


sebab

sebab (Jawi spelling سبب, plural sebab-sebab, informal 1st possessive sebabku, 2nd possessive sebabmu, 3rd possessive sebabnya)

سبب (Jawi)
sebab-sebab (plural)
sebabku (first-person informal possessive)
sebabmu (possessive second-person)
sebabnya (possessive third-person)

Salah satu sebab peningkatan trend yang membimbangkan itu adalah amalan kurang aktif atau tidak aktif secara fizikal.

2018 April 16, Sim Y. H., “Kadar obesiti dicatatkan meningkat [Rate of obesity recorded to be increasing]”, in Media Permata, archived from the original on 2018-10-27:

One of the reasons for this increasingly worrying trend is the practice of being less active or physically unactive.

Apabila berhadapan dengan keadaan ini, antara sebab utama kerosakan yang berlaku diberi perhatian termasuk tekanan tayar depan terlalu rendah atau ukurannya tidak sama.

2018 October 8, “Tayar haus antara punca kenderaan bergetar [Worn-out tires among the reasons for trembling vehicle]”, in Media Permata, archived from the original on 2018-10-27:

When faced with this situation, one of the main reasons for the occurred damage [that should] be given attention include front tire pressure that is too low or tire measurements that are not same.


sebab

Indonesian: sebab

Saya bukan pejuang bahasa sebab tatabahasa saya pun adakalanya tidak betul. Saya sama sahaja dengan kebanyakan rakyat yang memerhatikan kemerosotan hari demi hari terhadap kedaulatan bahasa ibunda orang Melayu ini. Saya mungkin boleh tidak peduli soal martabat bahasa kebangsaan ini. Tetapi sayang, sebab saya adalah generasi pertama yang dibuat uji kaji penggunaan bahasa Melayu sepenuhnya dalam sistem pendidikan kebangsaan.

2018 March 4, Abdul Razak Idris, “Kenapa akronim tidak ikut bahasa Melayu? [Why are acronyms not based on the Malay language?]”, in Utusan Malaysia, archived from the original on 2018-03-05:

I am not a language fighter because my grammar is sometimes not right. I am the same as most citizens that are observing day-to-day deterioration of the sovereignty of the mother language of the Malay people. It is possible for me to be unconcerned about the issue of dignity of the national language. However, it is a pity, because I was the first generation that had to experiment with the full usage of the Malay language in the national education system.


Rusia

From Medieval Latin Russia, from Old East Slavic Русь (Rusĭ, “Varangians, inhabitants of Rus”).

der

Russia (A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


amat

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *amat (“continuous, unceasing”).

inh

Persembahan itu amat menakjubkan!


Belanda

> Indonesian: Belanda (inherited)

→ Iban: Belanda

→ Tausug: Balanda'

→ Thai: วิลันดา (wí-lan-daa)

From Javanese ꦮꦭꦤ꧀ꦢ (walanda), from Portuguese Holanda (“Holland”), from Old Dutch holt lant (“woodland”).

Holland (a traditional region in the Netherlands formed by two modern provinces, North Holland and South Holland)

Holland, the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe)


Jerman

From English German, from Latin Germania.

Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany)


beda

ms-noun

beda (Jawi spelling بيدا, plural beda-beda, informal 1st possessive bedaku, 2nd possessive bedamu, 3rd possessive bedanya)

بيدا (Jawi)
beda-beda (plural)
bedaku (first-person informal possessive)
bedamu (possessive second-person)
bedanya (possessive third-person)

From Sanskrit भेद (bheda, “contrast, distinction, difference”).

der

membedakan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

memperbedakan [causative agent focus + causative benefactive]

diperbedakan [causative passive focus + causative benefactive]


bangun

Indonesian: bangun

From Proto-Malayic *baŋun, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baŋun, from Proto-Austronesian *baŋuN.
First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (vaṅun) in the form [script needed] (marvvaṅun).

membangunkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

membanguni [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dibangunkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

memperbangunkan [causative agent focus + causative benefactive]

diperbangunkan [causative passive focus + causative benefactive]


tinggi

Indonesian: tinggi

Possibly from Sanskrit तुङ्ग (tuṅga, “high”).

setinggi-tinggi [reduplication + comparability]

meninggikan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

ditinggikan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


gila

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gila (“wild; skittish; insane”).
First attested in the Kota Kapur inscription, 686 CE, as Old Malay [script needed] (gīla).

inh

Kau gila ke?!

Having a brain condition or illness (related to thought or memory).

harga gila


gila

tiap gila tiap berkongkong, tiap mandi tiap bergosok

Indonesian: gila

→ English: gila

gila kereta


gila

Hebat gila pelari tu!


kuda

ms-noun

kuda (Jawi spelling کودا, plural kuda-kuda, informal 1st possessive kudaku, 2nd possessive kudamu, 3rd possessive kudanya)

کودا (Jawi)
kuda-kuda (plural)
kudaku (first-person informal possessive)
kudamu (possessive second-person)
kudanya (possessive third-person)

> Indonesian: kuda (inherited)

→ Bau Bidayuh: kuda

→ Maguindanao: kuda

→ Maranao: koda'

→ Central Melanau: kudak

→ Tetum: kuda

→ Tausug: kura'

Horsepower; a unit for measuring the power of an engine or motor.


hitam

Indonesian: hitam

From Proto-Malayic *hitəm, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)qitəm.

Orang itu memiliki kereta hitam.


hitam

hitam (Jawi spelling هيتم, plural hitam-hitam, informal 1st possessive hitamku, 2nd possessive hitammu, 3rd possessive hitamnya)

هيتم (Jawi)
hitam-hitam (plural)
hitamku (first-person informal possessive)
hitammu (possessive second-person)
hitamnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: hitam


jalang

jalang (Jawi spelling جالڠ, plural jalang-jalang, informal 1st possessive jalangku, 2nd possessive jalangmu, 3rd possessive jalangnya)

جالڠ (Jawi)
jalang-jalang (plural)
jalangku (first-person informal possessive)
jalangmu (possessive second-person)
jalangnya (possessive third-person)


agenda

agenda (Jawi spelling اݢيندا, plural agenda-agenda, informal 1st possessive agendaku, 2nd possessive agendamu, 3rd possessive agendanya)

اݢيندا (Jawi)
agenda-agenda (plural)
agendaku (first-person informal possessive)
agendamu (possessive second-person)
agendanya (possessive third-person)


bab

bab (Jawi spelling باب, plural bab-bab, informal 1st possessive babku, 2nd possessive babmu, 3rd possessive babnya)

باب (Jawi)
bab-bab (plural)
babku (first-person informal possessive)
babmu (possessive second-person)
babnya (possessive third-person)


ajar

From Sanskrit आचार्य (ācārya, “teacher, master”). Doublet of acar, acara, and hajar.

der

pelajaran [causative passive + resultative

diajarkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


ingat

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *iŋat, from Proto-Austronesian *iŋat. Compare with Urak Lawoi' อีงัยจ (ingac, “to think”).

Saya ingat hari ni tak ada kelas.

I thought there were no classes for today.


kayu

ms-noun

kayu (Jawi spelling کايو, informal 1st possessive kayuku, 2nd possessive kayumu, 3rd possessive kayunya)

کايو (Jawi)
kayuku (first-person informal possessive)
kayumu (possessive second-person)
kayunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: kayu

From Proto-Malayic *kayu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kahiw, from Proto-Austronesian *kaSiw.
First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (kāyu).


makan

Indonesian: makan

⇒ North Moluccan Malay: makang

From Proto-Malayic *makan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaən, from Proto-Austronesian *kaən.
First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (mākan) in the form nimākan (current spelling dimakan).

memakankan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dimakankan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

to receive bribes or illegally obtained money


binatang

binatang (Jawi spelling بيناتڠ, plural binatang-binatang, informal 1st possessive binatangku, 2nd possessive binatangmu, 3rd possessive binatangnya)

بيناتڠ (Jawi)
binatang-binatang (plural)
binatangku (first-person informal possessive)
binatangmu (possessive second-person)
binatangnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: binatang

→ Acehnese: binatang

→ Asilulu: binatang

→ Dairi Batak: binatang

→ Karo Batak: binatang

→ Toba Batak: binatang

→ Bintulu: binatang

→ Javanese: binatang, binantang

→ Lampung Api: binatang

→ Maguindanao: binatang

→ Mansaka: binatang

→ Pamona: binatangi, binata

→ Sangir: binatang

→ Sika: binatang

→ Simeulue: binatang

→ Sundanese: ᮘᮤᮔᮒᮀ (binatang)

→ Tausug: binatang

→ Tiruray: binatang

→ Tetum: binatan

→ Iban: binatang

→ Western Bukidnon Manobo: binatang

→ Maranao: binatang

→ Mongondow: binatang


binatang

بيناتڠ (Jawi)


hamba

hamba (Jawi spelling همبا, plural hamba-hamba, informal 1st possessive hambaku, 2nd possessive hambamu, 3rd possessive hambanya)

همبا (Jawi)
hamba-hamba (plural)
hambaku (first-person informal possessive)
hambamu (possessive second-person)
hambanya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from Sanskrit हम्भाय (hambhāya, “low”), compare to Sanskrit हंबतारा (haṃbatārā, “good man”).

cog

Bermula orang yang empunya hamba-hamba itu kelakuannya seperti binatang yang tiada bermalu dan tiada takut kepada Allah.

1849, Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir, Hikayat Abdullah, page 250:

The slave owners began behaving like shameless animals that do not fear God.


hamba

Malay: amba

Indonesian: hamba


abu

ms-noun

abu (Jawi spelling ابو, plural abu-abu, informal 1st possessive abuku, 2nd possessive abumu, 3rd possessive abunya)

ابو (Jawi)
abu-abu (plural)
abuku (first-person informal possessive)
abumu (possessive second-person)
abunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: abu

From Proto-Malayic *habu, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *(h)abu(s), from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *(h)abu(s), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(q)abu(s), from Proto-Austronesian *qabu.


muka

muka (Jawi spelling موک, plural muka-muka, informal 1st possessive mukaku, 2nd possessive mukamu, 3rd possessive mukanya)

موک (Jawi)
muka-muka (plural)
mukaku (first-person informal possessive)
mukamu (possessive second-person)
mukanya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: muka

→ Urak Lawoi': มูคา (mukha)

From Sanskrit मुख (mukha). Displaced earlier muha regular reflex of Proto-Malayic *muha (“face; front”); and dahi (now meaning “forehead”) from Proto-Malayic *dahi from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daqih from Proto-Austronesian *daqiS (“forehead; face”).

inh

habitual + agent focus + causative benefactive]


lagi

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laɡi (emphatic particle). Cognate with Javanese lagi and Cebuano lagi.


lagi

Indonesian: lagi

→ Tagalog: lagi


engkau

From Proto-Malayic *kau(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *i-kahu, from Proto-Austronesian *i-kaSu. The eng- component is epenthetical to avoid a monosyllabic pronunciation.


kecil

Bola kecil

mengecilkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dikecilkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


cinta

ms-noun

cinta (Jawi spelling چينتا, plural cinta-cinta, informal 1st possessive cintaku, 2nd possessive cintamu, 3rd possessive cintanya)

چينتا (Jawi)
cinta-cinta (plural)
cintaku (first-person informal possessive)
cintamu (possessive second-person)
cintanya (possessive third-person)

Cinta dan sejarah; mencakar langsir dan mencekau pintunya; menyembur bara mantera.

2005, A. Samad Said, A. Samad Said: Sebuah antologi puisi yang menghimpunkan karya-karya selama setengah abad [A. Samad Said: An anthology of poems assembled from works spanning half a century], Utusan Publications, page 253:

Love and history; scrapes the curtain and claws the door; casts a turbulent spell.

feeling of love; strong attachment towards something

mencintai [agent focus + causative benefactive]

percintaan [causative passive + repetition


cinta

aku cinta padamu.


mau

(informal, auxiliary) Contraction of mahu.


dengar

From Proto-Malayic *dəŋər, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *dəŋər, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *dəŋər, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dəŋəʀ.

(intransitive) to hear (to perceive with the ear)

(transitive) to hear (to perceive with the ear)

(intransitive) to listen (to pay attention to a sound)

(intransitive) to listen (to wait for a sound)

(intransitive) to listen (to accept oral instruction)


yang

First attested in the Kedukan Bukit inscription, 683 CE, as Old Malay [script needed] (yaṃ).

yang kaya


yang

kapal yang besar

Used to show that the following explanatory words are given importance or denotes a difference, similar to English relative that, which and who.

Adam tahu yang sebenarnya bukan dia yang menang.

Adam knows that it actually wasn't him who won.

(informal) Used to state the content or an explanation of the preceding word or sentence, similar to English conjunctive that.

Ramai orang yang ingin meminta autograf pelakon itu.

Many people wanted to ask for the actor's autograph.

Used to show that the following words or sentences are an explanation of the preceding words.


yang

Clipping of hiang, from Proto-Malayic *hiaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *hiaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *hiaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qiaŋ.


yang

Yang, kat mana kita nak makan malam ni?

A title of address for a romantic partner, equivalent to English dear and honey.


yang

(colloquial) A title of little distinction.

(Pahang Malay, Johore Malay) A feminine titular prefix.

Pahang Malay; Johore Malay; Pahang Malay; Johore Malay


tali

tali (Jawi spelling تالي, plural tali-tali, informal 1st possessive taliku, 2nd possessive talimu, 3rd possessive talinya)

تالي (Jawi)
tali-tali (plural)
taliku (first-person informal possessive)
talimu (possessive second-person)
talinya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: tali

From Proto-Malayic *tali, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *talih (compare Chamorro tali, Fijian dali, Tagalog tali), from Proto-Austronesian *CaliS.


cabut

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *cabut (“pull out with force”).


celana

ms-noun

celana (Jawi spelling چلان, plural celana-celana, informal 1st possessive celanaku, 2nd possessive celanamu, 3rd possessive celananya)

چلان (Jawi)
celana-celana (plural)
celanaku (first-person informal possessive)
celanamu (possessive second-person)
celananya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: celana
→ Ternate: calana

→ Sabah Malay: salana

Kaum ibu dan wanita2 Melayu sa-tempat hari ini telah mengalu2kan larangan terhadap isteri2 tentera Inggeris di-sini supaya jangan memakai chelana pendek ketika keluar rumah.

1962 April 1, “Larangan 'chelana pendek' di-alu2kan”, in Berita Harian (Singapore):


pasir

pasir (Jawi spelling ڤاسير, plural pasir-pasir, informal 1st possessive pasirku, 2nd possessive pasirmu, 3rd possessive pasirnya)

ڤاسير (Jawi)
pasir-pasir (plural)
pasirku (first-person informal possessive)
pasirmu (possessive second-person)
pasirnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: pasir

→ Chewong: pasir

→ Malagasy: fasika

From (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pasiR (“sandbank, shoal in river or sea”). Cognate with Tagalog pasig (“a river that flows into the sea; sandy bank of a river”).


tri-

From tri, from Sanskrit त्रि (tri), from Proto-Indo-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.


perempuan

ڤرمڤوان (Jawi)

female (belonging to the sex with larger, fertilizable gametes (of humans))


membunuh

ممبونوه (Jawi)


uterus

ms-noun

uterus (Jawi spelling اوتروس, plural uterus-uterus, informal 1st possessive uterusku, 2nd possessive uterusmu, 3rd possessive uterusnya)

اوتروس (Jawi)
uterus-uterus (plural)
uterusku (first-person informal possessive)
uterusmu (possessive second-person)
uterusnya (possessive third-person)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *úd
Proto-Indo-European *-teros
Proto-Indo-European *úderos
Latin uterusder.
Malay uterus
From Latin uterus (“womb, belly”).


pembunuh

ms-noun

pembunuh (Jawi spelling ڤمبونوه, plural pembunuh-pembunuh, informal 1st possessive pembunuhku, 2nd possessive pembunuhmu, 3rd possessive pembunuhnya)

ڤمبونوه (Jawi)
pembunuh-pembunuh (plural)
pembunuhku (first-person informal possessive)
pembunuhmu (possessive second-person)
pembunuhnya (possessive third-person)

killer (person who kills), murderer (person who commits murder)


beliau

Indonesian: beliau

(honorific) he, she (someone highly respected or of high status)


bunuh

> Indonesian: bunuh (inherited)

From Proto-Malayic *bunuh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bunuq, from Proto-Austronesian *buNuq.
First attested in the Telaga Batu inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay वुनुः (vunuḥ), in inflected form nivunuh (current spelling dibunuh).

berbunuh-bunuhan [reduplication + stative