September

سيڤتيمبر (Jawi)

From English September, from late Old English, Latin September, from septem, from Proto-Indo-European *septḿ̥.

September (ninth month of the Gregorian calendar)


April

From English April, from Middle English apprile, from aueril, from Old French avrill, from Latin Aprīlis.

April (fourth month of the Gregorian calendar)


November

نوۏيمبر (Jawi)

From English November, from Middle English, from Old French novembre, from Latin November, from novem, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥.

November (eleventh month of the Gregorian calendar)


ci

ms-noun

ci (Jawi spelling چي, plural ci-ci, informal 1st possessive ciku, 2nd possessive cimu, 3rd possessive cinya)

چي (Jawi)
ci-ci (plural)
ciku (first-person informal possessive)
cimu (possessive second-person)
cinya (possessive third-person)

river (large stream which drains a landmass)


cat

cat (Jawi spelling چت, informal 1st possessive catku, 2nd possessive catmu, 3rd possessive catnya)

چت (Jawi)
catku (first-person informal possessive)
catmu (possessive second-person)
catnya (possessive third-person)


gas

gas (Jawi spelling ݢس, plural gas-gas, informal 1st possessive gasku, 2nd possessive gasmu, 3rd possessive gasnya)

ݢس (Jawi)
gas-gas (plural)
gasku (first-person informal possessive)
gasmu (possessive second-person)
gasnya (possessive third-person)

From English gas, from Dutch gas, coined by chemist Jan Baptist van Helmont in Ortus Medicinae. Derived from Ancient Greek χάος (kháos, “chasm, void, empty space”); perhaps also inspired by geest (“breath, vapour, spirit”). First attested in 1648.

der

(physics) One of the four states of matter.

(uncountable, physical chemistry) Matter in an intermediate state between liquid and plasma that can be contained only if it is fully surrounded by a solid (or in a bubble of liquid, or held together by gravitational pull); it can condense into a liquid, or can (rarely) become a solid directly by deposition.


Australia

From English Australia, from Latin terra austrālis incōgnita (“unknown southern land”), from auster (“the south wind”).

uder

Australia (A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as a former colony in the British Empire)

(geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the islands of Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)


tuba

ms-noun

tuba (Jawi spelling توبا, plural tuba-tuba, informal 1st possessive tubaku, 2nd possessive tubamu, 3rd possessive tubanya)

توبا (Jawi)
tuba-tuba (plural)
tubaku (first-person informal possessive)
tubamu (possessive second-person)
tubanya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: tuba

→ English: tuba

From Proto-Malayic *tuba, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tubah, from Proto-Austronesian *tubah.
First attested in the Kota Kapur inscription, 686 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (tūva),

menubai [agent focus + causative benefactive]

ditubai [patient focus + causative benefactive]

(fishing) fish poison made from plant roots


tuba

tuba (plural duplication, informal 1st possessive tubaku, 2nd possessive tubamu, 3rd possessive tubanya)

duplication (plural)
tubaku (first-person informal possessive)
tubamu (possessive second-person)
tubanya (possessive third-person)

From Latin tuba (“tube, trumpet, military trumpet”), via English tuba.

der

(music) tuba: A large brass musical instrument, usually in the bass range, played through a vibration of the lips upon the mouthpiece and fingering of the keys.


Danish

Borrowed from Persian دانش (“knowledge”).


malam

ms-noun

malam (Jawi spelling مالم, plural malam-malam, informal 1st possessive malamku, 2nd possessive malammu, 3rd possessive malamnya)

مالم (Jawi)
malam-malam (plural)
malamku (first-person informal possessive)
malammu (possessive second-person)
malamnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: malam

→ Ternate: malam

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maləm (“night, darkness”).

inh

Selamat malam


bahasa

ms-noun

bahasa (Jawi spelling بهاس, plural bahasa-bahasa, informal 1st possessive bahasaku, 2nd possessive bahasamu, 3rd possessive bahasanya)

بهاس (Jawi)
bahasa-bahasa (plural)
bahasaku (first-person informal possessive)
bahasamu (possessive second-person)
bahasanya (possessive third-person)

desctree

Indonesian: bahasa
→ Dutch: bahasa
→ English: Bahasa (along with Malay bahasa)

→ English: Bahasa (along with Indonesian bahasa)

Pattani Malay: بهاس (bahasa)

Borrowed from Sanskrit भाषा (bhāṣā, “language”).

bor+

bahasa Melayu

language (system of communication using words or symbols)


mi

ms-noun

mi (Jawi spelling مي, informal 1st possessive miku, 2nd possessive mimu, 3rd possessive minya)

مي (Jawi)
miku (first-person informal possessive)
mimu (possessive second-person)
minya (possessive third-person)


anu

anu (Jawi spelling انو, plural anu-anu, informal 1st possessive anuku, 2nd possessive anumu, 3rd possessive anunya)

انو (Jawi)
anu-anu (plural)
anuku (first-person informal possessive)
anumu (possessive second-person)
anunya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *a-nu, from Proto-Austronesian *-nu.

Dalam kiraan ini, 't' merupakan sebuah anu yang mewakili tinggi seorang pelajar.

In this calculation, 't' is an unknown that stands for a student's height.

(mathematics) An unknown quantity or variable; an unknown.


air

air (Jawi spelling اٴير, informal 1st possessive airku, 2nd possessive airmu, 3rd possessive airnya)

اٴير (Jawi)
airku (first-person informal possessive)
airmu (possessive second-person)
airnya (possessive third-person)

Baba Malay: aye

Indonesian: air

From Proto-Malayic *air, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *air, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *wair, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wahiʀ.
First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (āir).

2012, Faridah Abdul Rashid, Research on the Early Malay Doctors : 1900-1957 : Malaya and Singapore http://books.google.co.nz/books?id=kZZXloR9wAMC&
loji rawatan air

ayer

surviving in place names, pre-1972 in British East Indies


SK

SK (plural SK-SK, informal 1st possessive SKku, 2nd possessive SKmu, 3rd possessive SKnya)

SK-SK (plural)
SKku (first-person informal possessive)
SKmu (possessive second-person)
SKnya (possessive third-person)

sekolah kebangsaan
sekolah kebangsaan#Malay

(Malaysia, education) Initialism of sekolah kebangsaan (“state school; public school”, literally “national school”)


matahari

ماتاهاري (Jawi)

sun (the star around which the Earth revolves)


PBB

Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu
w:ms:Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu

(Malaysian politics) Initialism of Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu (“United Bumiputera Heritage Party”).


perak

perak (Jawi spelling ڤيرق, informal 1st possessive perakku, 2nd possessive perakmu, 3rd possessive peraknya)

ڤيرق (Jawi)
perakku (first-person informal possessive)
perakmu (possessive second-person)
peraknya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: perak

→ Tagalog: pilak

From earlier pirak, from Proto-Malayic *pirak. Also possibly of Khmeric origin. Compare Pre-Angkorian Old Khmer prak ~ prāk (“silver”), from the root pak ~ pāk (“to break”) with infix , whence Khmer ប្រាក់ (prak) and បាក់ (pak).


beg

Beg sekolah saya berat.


minggu

ms-noun

minggu (Jawi spelling ميڠݢو, plural minggu-minggu, informal 1st possessive mingguku, 2nd possessive minggumu, 3rd possessive minggunya)

ميڠݢو (Jawi)
minggu-minggu (plural)
mingguku (first-person informal possessive)
minggumu (possessive second-person)
minggunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: minggu

Borrowed from Portuguese domingo (“Sunday”), from Latin dominīcus.


sungai

ms-noun

sungai (Jawi spelling سوڠاي or سوڠي, plural sungai-sungai, informal 1st possessive sungaiku, 2nd possessive sungaimu, 3rd possessive sungainya)

سوڠاي (Jawi)
سوڠي (Jawi)
sungai-sungai (plural)
sungaiku (first-person informal possessive)
sungaimu (possessive second-person)
sungainya (possessive third-person)

> Indonesian: sungai (inherited)

→ Chinese: 雙溪／双溪


musik

musik (Jawi spelling موسيک, plural musik-musik, informal 1st possessive musikku, 2nd possessive musikmu, 3rd possessive musiknya)

موسيک (Jawi)
musik-musik (plural)
musikku (first-person informal possessive)
musikmu (possessive second-person)
musiknya (possessive third-person)

From earlier form muziek, from Dutch muziek, from Latin mūsica (“music”). Doublet of muzik; muziek attested directly in the Kitab Vortaro published in 1923.


kamus

kamus (Jawi spelling قاموس, plural kamus-kamus, informal 1st possessive kamusku, 2nd possessive kamusmu, 3rd possessive kamusnya)

قاموس (Jawi)
kamus-kamus (plural)
kamusku (first-person informal possessive)
kamusmu (possessive second-person)
kamusnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: kamus

→ Javanese: ꦏꦩꦸꦱ꧀ (kamus)

From Arabic قَامُوس (qāmūs), from Ancient Greek ὠκεανός (ōkeanós).

dictionary (publication that explains the meanings of an ordered list of words)


empat

Indonesian: empat

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *əmpat, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əmpat, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əmpat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Austronesian *Səpat.


satu

From Proto-Malayic *sA- (“one”) + *batu (“stone”).


tiga

Indonesian: tiga

From Proto-Malayic *tiga, from Prakrit 𑀢𑀺𑀕 (tiga), from Sanskrit त्रिक (trika, “triad”). Displaced native Old Malay tlu.


kali

kali (Jawi spelling کالي, plural kali-kali, informal 1st possessive kaliku, 2nd possessive kalimu, 3rd possessive kalinya)

کالي (Jawi)
kali-kali (plural)
kaliku (first-person informal possessive)
kalimu (possessive second-person)
kalinya (possessive third-person)

From Javanese ꦏꦭꦶ (kali), from Old Javanese kali.


dua

From Proto-Malayic *dua, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *dua, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *dua, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duha, from Proto-Austronesian *duSa.
First attested in the Kedukan Bukit inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (dua).


sama

There are two main theories as to where the term originated:
# Inherited from Proto-Malayic *sama, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sama (“mate, companion, fellow; together with; alike, the same as; aligned or in good order”); reconstructed by Robert Blust. Compare Malagasy sami (“both, each, every one; same”), Lauan dama (“mate, fellow, corresponding part; exactly like, the same”) and 'Are'are tama (“in line, in pairs”).
# Borrowed from Sanskrit सम (sama, “same, equal”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *samás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *samás, from Proto-Indo-European *somHós (“same”).

bor+

Dua kali dua sama dengan empat.

(mathematics) The same in numerical value.


dada

ms-noun

dada (Jawi spelling دادا, plural dada-dada, informal 1st possessive dadaku, 2nd possessive dadamu, 3rd possessive dadanya)

دادا (Jawi)
dada-dada (plural)
dadaku (first-person informal possessive)
dadamu (possessive second-person)
dadanya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: dada

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *dada, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dahdah, from Proto-Austronesian *daSdaS.


had

had (Jawi spelling حد, plural had-had, informal 1st possessive hadku, 2nd possessive hadmu, 3rd possessive hadnya)

حد (Jawi)
had-had (plural)
hadku (first-person informal possessive)
hadmu (possessive second-person)
hadnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: had

From Classical Malay [script needed] (had), from Arabic حَدّ (ḥadd).

(Indonesian)

(mathematics) A value to which a sequence converges. Equivalently, the common value of the upper limit and the lower limit of a sequence: if the upper and lower limits are different, then the sequence has no limit (i.e., does not converge).


ke

The name of the Latin-script letter K/k.


bulan

bulan (Jawi spelling بولن, plural bulan-bulan, informal 1st possessive bulanku, 2nd possessive bulanmu, 3rd possessive bulannya)

بولن (Jawi)
bulan-bulan (plural)
bulanku (first-person informal possessive)
bulanmu (possessive second-person)
bulannya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: bulan

From Classical Malay bulan, from Proto-Malayic *bulan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bulan, from Proto-Austronesian *bulaN.
First attested in the Kedukan Bukit inscription, 683 CE, as [script needed] (vulan).

Aku pergi ke sana dua kali untuk setiap bulan.

month (period into which a year is divided)


bir

bir (Jawi spelling بير, informal 1st possessive birku, 2nd possessive birmu, 3rd possessive birnya)

بير (Jawi)
birku (first-person informal possessive)
birmu (possessive second-person)
birnya (possessive third-person)


piano

piano (Jawi spelling ڤيانو, plural piano-piano, informal 1st possessive pianoku, 2nd possessive pianomu, 3rd possessive pianonya)

ڤيانو (Jawi)
piano-piano (plural)
pianoku (first-person informal possessive)
pianomu (possessive second-person)
pianonya (possessive third-person)


orbit

orbit (Jawi spelling اوربيت, plural orbit-orbit, informal 1st possessive orbitku, 2nd possessive orbitmu, 3rd possessive orbitnya)

اوربيت (Jawi)
orbit-orbit (plural)
orbitku (first-person informal possessive)
orbitmu (possessive second-person)
orbitnya (possessive third-person)


organ

organ (Jawi spelling اورݢن, plural organ-organ, informal 1st possessive organku, 2nd possessive organmu, 3rd possessive organnya)

اورݢن (Jawi)
organ-organ (plural)
organku (first-person informal possessive)
organmu (possessive second-person)
organnya (possessive third-person)

(biology) a larger part of an organism, composed of tissues that perform similar functions.

(music) a musical instrument that has multiple pipes which play when a key is pressed (the pipe organ), or an electronic instrument designed to replicate such.


a cappella

a cappella (Jawi spelling اکاڤيلا, informal 1st possessive a cappellaku, 2nd possessive a cappellamu, 3rd possessive a cappellanya)

اکاڤيلا (Jawi)
a cappella ku (first-person informal possessive)
a cappella mu (possessive second-person)
a cappella nya (possessive third-person)


PBS

Parti Bersatu Sabah
w:ms:Parti Bersatu Sabah

(Malaysian politics) Initialism of Parti Bersatu Sabah (“United Sabah Party”).


helium

هيليوم (Jawi)

From English helium, from New Latin helium, from Ancient Greek ἥλιος (hḗlios).


argon

argon (Jawi spelling ارݢون, plural argon-argon, informal 1st possessive argonku, 2nd possessive argonmu, 3rd possessive argonnya)

ارݢون (Jawi)
argon-argon (plural)
argonku (first-person informal possessive)
argonmu (possessive second-person)
argonnya (possessive third-person)

From English argon, from Ancient Greek ἀργόν (argón).


beta

beta (Jawi spelling بيتا, plural beta-beta, informal 1st possessive betaku, 2nd possessive betamu, 3rd possessive betanya)

بيتا (Jawi)
beta-beta (plural)
betaku (first-person informal possessive)
betamu (possessive second-person)
betanya (possessive third-person)

beta (second letter of the Greek alphabet)


atom

atom (plural atom-atom, informal 1st possessive atomku, 2nd possessive atommu, 3rd possessive atomnya)

atom-atom (plural)
atomku (first-person informal possessive)
atommu (possessive second-person)
atomnya (possessive third-person)

From English atom, from Old French atome, from Latin atomus, from Ancient Greek ἄτομος (átomos).

(physics) atom (physics: smallest possible amount of matter retaining its chemical properties)


natural

natural (Jawi spelling ناتورل, plural natural-natural, informal 1st possessive naturalku, 2nd possessive naturalmu, 3rd possessive naturalnya)

ناتورل (Jawi)
natural-natural (plural)
naturalku (first-person informal possessive)
naturalmu (possessive second-person)
naturalnya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from English natural, from Middle English natural, from Old French natural, naturel, from Latin nātūrālis, from nātus, the perfect participle of nāscor (“be born”, verb).

(music) natural: the symbol ♮ used to indicate such a natural note.


deuterium

From English hydrogen, from Ancient Greek δεύτερος (deúteros, “second”) + -ium.

uder

(physics) deuterium (isotope of hydrogen)


neon

From English neon, from Ancient Greek νέον (néon), neuter of νέος (néos).


amalgam

ms-noun

amalgam (Jawi spelling املݢم, plural amalgam-amalgam, informal 1st possessive amalgamku, 2nd possessive amalgammu, 3rd possessive amalgamnya)

املݢم (Jawi)
amalgam-amalgam (plural)
amalgamku (first-person informal possessive)
amalgammu (possessive second-person)
amalgamnya (possessive third-person)


halal

ditanggung halal

mencari rezeki halal

(especially Islam) halal, lawful, permissible (according to Muslim religious customs, pertaining to various matters such as food or business practices)


es

The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.


ar

The name of the Latin-script letter R/r.


bang

bang (Jawi spelling بڠ, plural bang-bang, informal 1st possessive bangku, 2nd possessive bangmu, 3rd possessive bangnya)

بڠ (Jawi)
bang-bang (plural)
bangku (first-person informal possessive)
bangmu (possessive second-person)
bangnya (possessive third-person)

(colloquial) brother (older male sibling)


fail

(computing) file (aggregation of data on a storage device)


se

Shortened form of esa, from Proto-Malayic *əsa.


fatwa

fatwa (Jawi spelling فتوى, plural fatwa-fatwa, informal 1st possessive fatwaku, 2nd possessive fatwamu, 3rd possessive fatwanya)

فتوى (Jawi)
fatwa-fatwa (plural)
fatwaku (first-person informal possessive)
fatwamu (possessive second-person)
fatwanya (possessive third-person)

From Arabic فَتْوَى (fatwā, “formal legal opinion”), the verbal noun of أَفْتَى (ʔaftā, “to deliver a formal opinion”). Doublet of petua.

bor

(Islam) fatwa (legal opinion issued by a mufti)


tau

From Proto-Malayic *tahu(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Chamic, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqu, from Proto-Austronesian *Caqu.

(informal) Alternative form of tahu (“to know”)


tau

ms-noun

tau (Jawi spelling تاو, plural tau-tau, informal 1st possessive tauku, 2nd possessive taumu, 3rd possessive taunya)

تاو (Jawi)
tau-tau (plural)
tauku (first-person informal possessive)
taumu (possessive second-person)
taunya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from English tau, from Ancient Greek ταῦ (taû).


banjo

banjo (Jawi spelling بنجو, plural banjo-banjo, informal 1st possessive banjoku, 2nd possessive banjomu, 3rd possessive banjonya)

بنجو (Jawi)
banjo-banjo (plural)
banjoku (first-person informal possessive)
banjomu (possessive second-person)
banjonya (possessive third-person)


Allah

From Arabic اَللّٰه (allāh); ultimately from Proto-Semitic *ʾil-.


baba

baba (Jawi spelling باب, plural baba-baba, informal 1st possessive babaku, 2nd possessive babamu, 3rd possessive babanya)

باب (Jawi)
baba-baba (plural)
babaku (first-person informal possessive)
babamu (possessive second-person)
babanya (possessive third-person)


baba

Possibly borrowed from Persian بابا (bâbâ). See Baba (honorific).

A colonial Straits-born European, Eurasian, or Chinese man (as opposed to immigrant Chinese or European males)

(archaic) Respectful term of address for a Portuguese gentleman


je

The name of the Latin-script letter J/j.


bes

bes (Jawi spelling بيس, plural bes-bes, informal 1st possessive besku, 2nd possessive besmu, 3rd possessive besnya)

بيس (Jawi)
bes-bes (plural)
besku (first-person informal possessive)
besmu (possessive second-person)
besnya (possessive third-person)

(chemistry) base, any of a class of generally water-soluble compounds, having bitter taste, that turn red litmus blue, and react with acids to form salts.


Urdu

From Classical Persian اُرْدُو (urdū), from Proto-Turkic *ordu (“army, camp”).


tuil

tuil (Jawi spelling توءيل, plural tuil-tuil, informal 1st possessive tuilku, 2nd possessive tuilmu, 3rd possessive tuilnya)

توءيل (Jawi)
tuil-tuil (plural)
tuilku (first-person informal possessive)
tuilmu (possessive second-person)
tuilnya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *tuil, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *tuil, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *tuil, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuil.


diem

From Proto-Malayic *hidəm, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hidəm.


Aaron

From English Aaron, from Latin Aaron, from Ancient Greek Ἀαρών (Aarṓn), from Hebrew אַהֲרֹן (ʾAhărōn). Doublet of Harun.


bon

bon (Jawi spelling بون, plural bon-bon, informal 1st possessive bonku, 2nd possessive bonmu, 3rd possessive bonnya)

بون (Jawi)
bon-bon (plural)
bonku (first-person informal possessive)
bonmu (possessive second-person)
bonnya (possessive third-person)

(finance) bond: documentary obligation to pay a sum or to perform a contract.


jam

jam (Jawi spelling جم, plural jam-jam, informal 1st possessive jamku, 2nd possessive jammu, 3rd possessive jamnya)

جم (Jawi)
jam-jam (plural)
jamku (first-person informal possessive)
jammu (possessive second-person)
jamnya (possessive third-person)

Baba Malay: jam

Indonesian: jam

→ Iban: jam

→ Javanese: ꦗꦩ꧀ (jam)

→ Pattani Malay: جٍي / แยฺ (jɛ)


wanita

wanita (Jawi spelling وانيتا, plural wanita-wanita, informal 1st possessive wanitaku, 2nd possessive wanitamu, 3rd possessive wanitanya)

وانيتا (Jawi)
wanita-wanita (plural)
wanitaku (first-person informal possessive)
wanitamu (possessive second-person)
wanitanya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: wanita


betina

Indonesian: betina

From Proto-Malayic, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina (compare Fijian tina).

female (belonging to the sex with larger, fertilizable gametes (of animals and plants))


coklat

coklat (Jawi spelling چوکلت, plural coklat-coklat, informal 1st possessive coklatku, 2nd possessive coklatmu, 3rd possessive coklatnya)

چوکلت (Jawi)
coklat-coklat (plural)
coklatku (first-person informal possessive)
coklatmu (possessive second-person)
coklatnya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from English chocolate, from Spanish chocolate, ultimately of Nahuatl origin (compare Indonesian cokelat).

sekeping coklat

Coklat dapat meningkatkan fungsi otak.

chocolate (food made from ground roasted cocoa beans)


ahad

Indonesian: ahad

Borrowed from Arabic أَحَد (ʔaḥad). Doublet of Ahad.


jantan

Indonesian: jantan


waktu

waktu (Jawi spelling وقتو, plural waktu-waktu, informal 1st possessive waktuku, 2nd possessive waktumu, 3rd possessive waktunya)

وقتو (Jawi)
waktu-waktu (plural)
waktuku (first-person informal possessive)
waktumu (possessive second-person)
waktunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: waktu

→ Ternate: waktu

time (time of day, as indicated by a clock, etc)

time (measurement under some system of the time of day or moment in time)

time (numerical indication of a particular moment in time)


enam

Indonesian: enam

From Proto-Malayic *ənəm, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *ənəm, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *ənəm, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ənəm, from Proto-Austronesian *ənəm.


baju

baju (Jawi spelling باجو, plural baju-baju, informal 1st possessive bajuku, 2nd possessive bajumu, 3rd possessive bajunya)

باجو (Jawi)
baju-baju (plural)
bajuku (first-person informal possessive)
bajumu (possessive second-person)
bajunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: baju

→ Balinese: ᬩᬚᬸ (baju)

desctree

→ Dutch: baadje
Afrikaans: baadjie
→ Shona: bhachi
→ Xhosa: ibhatyi
→ Zulu: ibhantshi
→ Papiamentu: bachi

→ English: baju

→ Ilocano: bado

→ Javanese: ꦧꦗꦸ (baju)

→ Minangkabau: baju

→ Pattani Malay: باجو / บายฺู (baju)

→ Remontado Agta: badu

→ Sundanese: ᮘᮏᮥ (baju)

→ Tagalog: baro

→ Urak Lawoi': บายฺู (baju)

From Classical Persian بازو (bāzū, “upper arm”).


tujuh

Johor-Selangor, Riau-Lingga, Northern Peninsular Malay

From Proto-Malayic *tujuh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuzuq (“to indicate, point”), from Proto-Austronesian *tuzuq (“to point at, point out; give directions”). Doublet of tunjuk.


meja

ms-noun

meja (Jawi spelling ميجا, plural meja-meja, informal 1st possessive mejaku, 2nd possessive mejamu, 3rd possessive mejanya)

ميجا (Jawi)
meja-meja (plural)
mejaku (first-person informal possessive)
mejamu (possessive second-person)
mejanya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: meja

From Portuguese mesa (“table”), from Old Galician-Portuguese, from Latin mēnsa.


bapa

bapa (Jawi spelling باڤ, plural bapa-bapa, informal 1st possessive bapaku, 2nd possessive bapamu, 3rd possessive bapanya)

باڤ (Jawi)
bapa-bapa (plural)
bapaku (first-person informal possessive)
bapamu (possessive second-person)
bapanya (possessive third-person)

From Old Javanese bapa, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *appa. Hoogervorst mentioned that the word was affixed as *ba- (“someone who fulfils the function of or behaves like”) + apak (“father”), which is a cognate of Tamil அப்பா (appā, “father”), and comparable to modern ber- + apak. See also Ashokan Prakrit *𑀩𑀸𑀧𑁆𑀧 (*bāppa, “father”).


Belanda

> Indonesian: Belanda (inherited)

→ Iban: Belanda

→ Tausug: Balanda'

→ Thai: วิลันดา (wí-lan-daa)

From Javanese ꦮꦭꦤ꧀ꦢ (walanda), from Portuguese Holanda (“Holland”), from Old Dutch holt lant (“woodland”).

Holland (a traditional region in the Netherlands formed by two modern provinces, North Holland and South Holland)

Holland, the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe)


kuda

ms-noun

kuda (Jawi spelling کودا, plural kuda-kuda, informal 1st possessive kudaku, 2nd possessive kudamu, 3rd possessive kudanya)

کودا (Jawi)
kuda-kuda (plural)
kudaku (first-person informal possessive)
kudamu (possessive second-person)
kudanya (possessive third-person)

> Indonesian: kuda (inherited)

→ Bau Bidayuh: kuda

→ Maguindanao: kuda

→ Maranao: koda'

→ Central Melanau: kudak

→ Tetum: kuda

→ Tausug: kura'


hitam

Indonesian: hitam

From Proto-Malayic *hitəm, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)qitəm.

Orang itu memiliki kereta hitam.


abu

abu (Jawi spelling ابو, plural abu-abu, informal 1st possessive abuku, 2nd possessive abumu, 3rd possessive abunya)

ابو (Jawi)
abu-abu (plural)
abuku (first-person informal possessive)
abumu (possessive second-person)
abunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: abu

From Proto-Malayic *habu, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *(h)abu(s), from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *(h)abu(s), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(q)abu(s), from Proto-Austronesian *qabu.


muka

muka (Jawi spelling موک, plural muka-muka, informal 1st possessive mukaku, 2nd possessive mukamu, 3rd possessive mukanya)

موک (Jawi)
muka-muka (plural)
mukaku (first-person informal possessive)
mukamu (possessive second-person)
mukanya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: muka

→ Urak Lawoi': มูคา (mukha)

From Sanskrit मुख (mukha). Displaced earlier muha regular reflex of Proto-Malayic *muha (“face; front”); and dahi (now meaning “forehead”) from Proto-Malayic *dahi from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daqih from Proto-Austronesian *daqiS (“forehead; face”).

inh

habitual + agent focus + causative benefactive]


dengar

From Proto-Malayic *dəŋər, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *dəŋər, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *dəŋər, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dəŋəʀ.

(intransitive) to hear (to perceive with the ear)

(transitive) to hear (to perceive with the ear)

(intransitive) to listen (to pay attention to a sound)

(intransitive) to listen (to wait for a sound)

(intransitive) to listen (to accept oral instruction)


pasir

ms-noun

pasir (Jawi spelling ڤاسير, plural pasir-pasir, informal 1st possessive pasirku, 2nd possessive pasirmu, 3rd possessive pasirnya)

ڤاسير (Jawi)
pasir-pasir (plural)
pasirku (first-person informal possessive)
pasirmu (possessive second-person)
pasirnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: pasir

→ Chewong: pasir

→ Malagasy: fasika

From (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pasiR (“sandbank, shoal in river or sea”). Cognate with Tagalog pasig (“a river that flows into the sea; sandy bank of a river”).


tri-

From tri, from Sanskrit त्रि (tri), from Proto-Indo-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.


perempuan

ڤرمڤوان (Jawi)

female (belonging to the sex with larger, fertilizable gametes (of humans))


uterus

ms-noun

uterus (Jawi spelling اوتروس, plural uterus-uterus, informal 1st possessive uterusku, 2nd possessive uterusmu, 3rd possessive uterusnya)

اوتروس (Jawi)
uterus-uterus (plural)
uterusku (first-person informal possessive)
uterusmu (possessive second-person)
uterusnya (possessive third-person)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *úd
Proto-Indo-European *-teros
Proto-Indo-European *úderos
Latin uterusder.
Malay uterus
From Latin uterus (“womb, belly”).


bapak

Variant of bapa, from Old Javanese bapa, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *appa. Doublet of bapa. Hoogervorst mentioned that the word was affixed as *ba- (“someone who fulfils the function of or behaves like”) + apak (“father”), which is cognate of Tamil அப்பா (appā, “father”), and comparable to modern ber- + apak. See also Ashokan Prakrit *𑀩𑀸𑀧𑁆𑀧 (*bāppa, “father”).

Bapak laju kereta tu!


acara

ms-noun

acara (Jawi spelling اچارا, plural acara-acara, informal 1st possessive acaraku, 2nd possessive acaramu, 3rd possessive acaranya)

اچارا (Jawi)
acara-acara (plural)
acaraku (first-person informal possessive)
acaramu (possessive second-person)
acaranya (possessive third-person)

From Sanskrit आचार (ācāra), from the root चर् (car), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to move; to turn (around)”).
* The sense of procedure (law) is a semantic loan from Indonesian acara (“court examination”).

sl

Kanun Acara Jenayah


besi

ms-noun

besi (Jawi spelling بسي, informal 1st possessive besiku, 2nd possessive besimu, 3rd possessive besinya)

بسي (Jawi)
besiku (first-person informal possessive)
besimu (possessive second-person)
besinya (possessive third-person)

→ Dairi Batak: besi

→ Karo Batak: besi

→ Toba Batak: bosi / ᯅᯬᯘᯪ

→ Bau Bidayuh: bosi

→ Bilba: besi

→ Bima: βesi

→ Buginese: bessi

Indonesian: besi

→ Old Javanese: wesi

Javanese: ꦮꦼꦱꦶ (wesi)

→ Kambera: báhi

→ Komodo: besi

→ Makasar: bassi

→ Malagasy: vy

→ Mandar: bassi

→ Manggarai: besi

→ Ngaju: wasi

→ Rejang: besey

→ Rembong: besi

→ Sundanese: ᮘᮩᮞᮤ (beusi)

→ Tae': bassi

→ Tausug: basi'

→ Tetum: besi

From Proto-Malayic *bəsi, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *bəsi.

(physics, chemistry, metallurgy) iron (element)


barat

barat (Jawi spelling بارت, informal 1st possessive baratku, 2nd possessive baratmu, 3rd possessive baratnya)

بارت (Jawi)
baratku (first-person informal possessive)
baratmu (possessive second-person)
baratnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: barat

→ Central Melanau: barat

→ West Coast Bajau: barat

From Proto-Malayic *barat, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *habaʀat, from Proto-Austronesian *Sabaʀat.

The western world (usually written capitalized):

(politics) Western Europe and the United States.


catur

From Sanskrit चतुर् (catur), from Proto-Indo-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres.


catur

catur (Jawi spelling چاتور, informal 1st possessive caturku, 2nd possessive caturmu, 3rd possessive caturnya)

چاتور (Jawi)
caturku (first-person informal possessive)
caturmu (possessive second-person)
caturnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: catur

→ Maguindanao: satol

→ Maranao: sator

→ Tagalog: satol

→ Tausug: sattul

From Sanskrit चतुरङ्ग (caturaṅga), related to etymology 1.


kaki

kaki (Jawi spelling کاکي, plural kaki-kaki, informal 1st possessive kakiku, 2nd possessive kakimu, 3rd possessive kakinya)

کاکي (Jawi)
kaki-kaki (plural)
kakiku (first-person informal possessive)
kakimu (possessive second-person)
kakinya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *kaki from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaqay (compare Cia-Cia 까께 (kkakke)), from Proto-Austronesian *qaqay. Change from *q to *k is irregular, the expected reflex would be *hahai or *hahi.

gelang kaki: anklet

mata kaki: ankle

kaki meja: table leg

a short foot-like projection on the bottom of an object to support it.


kaki

ms-classifier

kaki (Jawi spelling کاکي, singular sekaki)

Indonesian: kaki

→ Acehnese: gaki

→ Banjarese: kaki

→ Min Nan: 腳距／脚距 (kioh-kī)

Classifier for items with a long base and a blooming or rising head such as flowers, umbrellas or mushrooms


kaki

ms-noun

kaki (plural kaki-kaki, informal 1st possessive kakiku, 2nd possessive kakimu, 3rd possessive kakinya)

kaki-kaki (plural)
kakiku (first-person informal possessive)
kakimu (possessive second-person)
kakinya (possessive third-person)

Diospyros kaki
Diospyros kaki#Translingual

Ellipsis of pisang kaki — persimmon, more specifically the Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki).


abang

abang (Jawi spelling ابڠ, plural abang-abang, informal 1st possessive abangku, 2nd possessive abangmu, 3rd possessive abangnya)

ابڠ (Jawi)
abang-abang (plural)
abangku (first-person informal possessive)
abangmu (possessive second-person)
abangnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: abang

→ Min Nan: 阿班 (a-pan)

→ Thai: บัง (bang)

From Classical Malay ابڠ (abang), from Old Malay habaŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *abaŋ (*aba + *-ŋ), *aba (“father”).


bicara

Indonesian: bicara

From Sanskrit विचार (vicāra, “thought, discussion”). From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian (compare Buginese ᨅᨗᨌᨑ (bicara), Indonesian bicara).


anak

ms-noun

anak (Jawi spelling انق, plural anak-anak, informal 1st possessive anakku, 2nd possessive anakmu, 3rd possessive anaknya)

انق (Jawi)
anak-anak (plural)
anakku (first-person informal possessive)
anakmu (possessive second-person)
anaknya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: anak

From Classical Malay انق (anak), from Proto-Malayic *anak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *anak, from Proto-Austronesian *aNak.

child (a female or male child, a daughter or son)


PDB

Polis Diraja Brunei
w:ms:Polis Diraja Brunei

(Brunei, law enforcement) Initialism of Polis Diraja Brunei (“Royal Brunei Police Force”)


kala

kala (Jawi spelling کالا, plural kala-kala, informal 1st possessive kalaku, 2nd possessive kalamu, 3rd possessive kalanya)

کالا (Jawi)
kala-kala (plural)
kalaku (first-person informal possessive)
kalamu (possessive second-person)
kalanya (possessive third-person)


di

The name of the Latin-script letter D/d.


paha

paha (Jawi spelling ڤها, plural paha-paha, informal 1st possessive pahaku, 2nd possessive pahamu, 3rd possessive pahanya)

ڤها (Jawi)
paha-paha (plural)
pahaku (first-person informal possessive)
pahamu (possessive second-person)
pahanya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: paha

From Proto-Malayic *paha(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paqa, from Proto-Austronesian *paqa (“thigh”). Cognate with Tagalog paa (“foot”).

Paha ayam

Paha manusia


paha

(archaic, mathematics) a fourth, a quarter


keluarga

keluarga (Jawi spelling کلوارݢ, plural keluarga-keluarga, informal 1st possessive keluargaku, 2nd possessive keluargamu, 3rd possessive keluarganya)

کلوارݢ (Jawi)
keluarga-keluarga (plural)
keluargaku (first-person informal possessive)
keluargamu (possessive second-person)
keluarganya (possessive third-person)

> Indonesian: keluarga (inherited)

Compound of Sanskrit कुल (kula, “family; clan; lineage”) + वर्ग (varga, “class; clan; family”), probably via Javanese ꦏꦸꦭꦮꦂꦒ (kulawarga). Compare to ꦏꦮꦸꦭꦮꦂꦒ (kawulawarga).

der

family (group of people related by blood, marriage, law, or custom)

Keluarga saya bercuti ke Jepun.

(biology, taxonomy) family, organism class category ranking below order and above genus


kakak

ms-noun

kakak (Jawi spelling کاکق, plural kakak-kakak, informal 1st possessive kakakku, 2nd possessive kakakmu, 3rd possessive kakaknya)

کاکق (Jawi)
kakak-kakak (plural)
kakakku (first-person informal possessive)
kakakmu (possessive second-person)
kakaknya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *kakaʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaka, from Proto-Austronesian *kaka.

(rare) sibling (older person who shares same parents)


asin

From Proto-Malayic *(mA-)hasin, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)qasin, from Proto-Austronesian *(ma-)qasiN.


tempe

tempe (Jawi spelling تيمڤي, plural tempe-tempe, informal 1st possessive tempeku, 2nd possessive tempemu, 3rd possessive tempenya)

تيمڤي (Jawi)
tempe-tempe (plural)
tempeku (first-person informal possessive)
tempemu (possessive second-person)
tempenya (possessive third-person)

Possibly from Old Javanese tumpi (a food made from starch and tempeh) or Malay tapai (“fermentation”).


bias

Related to tempias. Sense of inclination from phono-semantic matching of English bias from French biais.


bias

bias (plural bias-bias, informal 1st possessive biasku, 2nd possessive biasmu, 3rd possessive biasnya)

bias-bias (plural)
biasku (first-person informal possessive)
biasmu (possessive second-person)
biasnya (possessive third-person)

(statistics) the difference between the expectation of the sample estimator and the true population value, which reduces the representativeness of the estimator by systematically distorting it.


program

program (Jawi spelling ڤروݢرم, plural program-program, informal 1st possessive programku, 2nd possessive programmu, 3rd possessive programnya)

ڤروݢرم (Jawi)
program-program (plural)
programku (first-person informal possessive)
programmu (possessive second-person)
programnya (possessive third-person)


zed

The name of the Latin-script letter Z/z.


Abdul

From Arabic عَبْد (ʕabd, “servant [of]”) + ال (al-, “the”).

a male given name from Arabic used by Muslims.


gong

gong (Jawi spelling ݢوڠ, plural gong-gong, informal 1st possessive gongku, 2nd possessive gongmu, 3rd possessive gongnya)

ݢوڠ (Jawi)
gong-gong (plural)
gongku (first-person informal possessive)
gongmu (possessive second-person)
gongnya (possessive third-person)

From Classical Malay [script needed] (gong), from Javanese gong.


gong

Helicia petiolaris
Helicia petiolaris#English

Xerospermum laevigatum
Xerospermum laevigatum#English


abad

abad (Jawi spelling ابد, plural abad-abad, informal 1st possessive abadku, 2nd possessive abadmu, 3rd possessive abadnya)

ابد (Jawi)
abad-abad (plural)
abadku (first-person informal possessive)
abadmu (possessive second-person)
abadnya (possessive third-person)

dua abad

abad ke-21


Abdullah

عبد الله (Jawi)


wai

wai (Jawi spelling واي, plural wai-wai, informal 1st possessive waiku, 2nd possessive waimu, 3rd possessive wainya)

واي (Jawi)
wai-wai (plural)
waiku (first-person informal possessive)
waimu (possessive second-person)
wainya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wahiʀ. Doublet of air.

river (large stream which drains a landmass)


komputer

komputer (Jawi spelling کومڤوتر, plural komputer-komputer, informal 1st possessive komputerku, 2nd possessive komputermu, 3rd possessive komputernya)

کومڤوتر (Jawi)
komputer-komputer (plural)
komputerku (first-person informal possessive)
komputermu (possessive second-person)
komputernya (possessive third-person)


argentum

ارݢينتوم (Jawi)

Borrowed from Latin argentum, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóm, n-stem form of Proto-Indo-European *h₂erǵ-.


kondom

kondom (Jawi spelling کوندوم, plural kondom-kondom, informal 1st possessive kondomku, 2nd possessive kondommu, 3rd possessive kondomnya)

کوندوم (Jawi)
kondom-kondom (plural)
kondomku (first-person informal possessive)
kondommu (possessive second-person)
kondomnya (possessive third-person)


telefon

From English telephone or Dutch telefoon.


tren

trén (Jawi spelling ترين, plural tren-tren, informal 1st possessive trenku, 2nd possessive trenmu, 3rd possessive trennya)

trén (canonical)
ترين (Jawi)
tren-tren (plural)
trenku (first-person informal possessive)
trenmu (possessive second-person)
trennya (possessive third-person)

From English train, from Middle English train, from Old French train, from trainer, from Vulgar Latin *traginō, from *tragō, from Latin trahō.

(transport, railway) train (line of connected cars or carriages)

Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian


din

din (Jawi spelling دين, plural din-din, informal 1st possessive dinku, 2nd possessive dinmu, 3rd possessive dinnya)

دين (Jawi)
din-din (plural)
dinku (first-person informal possessive)
dinmu (possessive second-person)
dinnya (possessive third-person)

religion (system of beliefs dealing with soul, deity and/or life after death)


politik

politik (Jawi spelling ڤوليتيک, informal 1st possessive politikku, 2nd possessive politikmu, 3rd possessive politiknya)

ڤوليتيک (Jawi)
politikku (first-person informal possessive)
politikmu (possessive second-person)
politiknya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch politiek, from French politique by analogy with Aristotle’s "τα πολιτικά" ('affairs of state'). First attested as politiek published in Kitab Vortaro in 1923.


monitor

monitor (Jawi spelling مونيتور, plural monitor-monitor, informal 1st possessive monitorku, 2nd possessive monitormu, 3rd possessive monitornya)

مونيتور (Jawi)
monitor-monitor (plural)
monitorku (first-person informal possessive)
monitormu (possessive second-person)
monitornya (possessive third-person)

From English monitor, from Latin monitor.

Luaran monitor model juga kelihatan lebih premium dan menarik dengan panel belakang berkilat dengan kemasan aluminium futuristik sebagai penegak.

2015 August 24, Nurhayati Abllah, “Monitor lengkung Acer begitu 'trendy' [The Acer curved monitor is so 'trendy']”, in Berita Harian:

The exterior of the monitor model also appears more premium and attractive, featuring a glossy back panel with futuristic aluminum casing as a stand.


virus

virus (plural virus-virus, informal 1st possessive virusku, 2nd possessive virusmu, 3rd possessive virusnya)

virus-virus (plural)
virusku (first-person informal possessive)
virusmu (possessive second-person)
virusnya (possessive third-person)

From English virus, from Latin vīrus, from rhotacism from Proto-Italic *weizos.

(biology, virology) A submicroscopic, non-cellular structure consisting of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, that requires a living host cell to replicate, and often causes disease in the host organism; such agents are often classed as nonliving infectious particles and less often as microorganisms.


Adam

(Abrahamism, religion) The first man and the progenitor of the human race.


cucu

cucu (Jawi spelling چوچو, plural cucu-cucu, informal 1st possessive cucuku, 2nd possessive cucumu, 3rd possessive cucunya)

چوچو (Jawi)
cucu-cucu (plural)
cucuku (first-person informal possessive)
cucumu (possessive second-person)
cucunya (possessive third-person)

Baba Malay: chuchu

Brunei Malay: cucu

Indonesian: cucu

→ Makasar: cucu

→ Manado Malay: cucu

Attested in the Laguna Copperplate Inscription, 900 AD, as [script needed] (cucu). From Proto-Malayic *cucuʔ. Probably from duplication of Proto-Mon-Khmer *cuuʔ (“grandchild”).


sate

sate (Jawi spelling ساتي, plural sate-sate, informal 1st possessive sateku, 2nd possessive satemu, 3rd possessive satenya)

ساتي (Jawi)
sate-sate (plural)
sateku (first-person informal possessive)
satemu (possessive second-person)
satenya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: sate

→ Arabic: سَاتِيه (sātīh)

→ Dutch: saté

→ English: satay / sate / satai / saté

→ French: satay / saté

→ German: Satay / Saté

→ Hokkien: 沙茶 (sa-te)

→ Mandarin: 沙茶 (shāchá)

→ Hungarian: szaté

→ Italian: saté

→ Japanese: サテ (sate)

→ Korean: 사테 (sate)

→ Mandarin: 沙爹 (shādiē) / 沙嗲 (shādiǎ)

→ Polish: satay / saté

→ Portuguese: satay

→ Russian: сатай (sataj) / сате (sate) / сатэ (satɛ)

→ Spanish: satay

→ Teochew: 沙茶 (sa¹ dê⁵)

→ Thai: สะเต๊ะ (sà-dté) (semi-learned)

→ Vietnamese: sa tế

Borrowed from Javanese saté, from Tamil சதை (catai, “flesh”).


aba

aba (Jawi spelling اب, plural aba-aba, informal 1st possessive abaku, 2nd possessive abamu, 3rd possessive abanya)

اب (Jawi)
aba-aba (plural)
abaku (first-person informal possessive)
abamu (possessive second-person)
abanya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *aba, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *aba, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *aba, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aba, from Proto-Austronesian *aba.


aerodinamik

اءيروديناميک

aerodinamik (Jawi spelling اءيروديناميک, plural aerodinamik-aerodinamik, informal 1st possessive aerodinamikku, 2nd possessive aerodinamikmu, 3rd possessive aerodinamiknya)

اءيروديناميک (Jawi)
aerodinamik-aerodinamik (plural)
aerodinamikku (first-person informal possessive)
aerodinamikmu (possessive second-person)
aerodinamiknya (possessive third-person)

From English aerodynamic and aerodynamics.


misai

misai (Jawi spelling ميساي, plural misai-misai, informal 1st possessive misaiku, 2nd possessive misaimu, 3rd possessive misainya)

ميساي (Jawi)
misai-misai (plural)
misaiku (first-person informal possessive)
misaimu (possessive second-person)
misainya (possessive third-person)


pawana

pawana (Jawi spelling ڤاوان, plural pawana-pawana, informal 1st possessive pawanaku, 2nd possessive pawanamu, 3rd possessive pawananya)

ڤاوان (Jawi)
pawana-pawana (plural)
pawanaku (first-person informal possessive)
pawanamu (possessive second-person)
pawananya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: pawana


aksara

aksara (Jawi spelling اکسارا, plural aksara-aksara, informal 1st possessive aksaraku, 2nd possessive aksaramu, 3rd possessive aksaranya)

اکسارا (Jawi)
aksara-aksara (plural)
aksaraku (first-person informal possessive)
aksaramu (possessive second-person)
aksaranya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: aksara

Borrowed from Sanskrit अक्षर (akṣara, “alphabet”).


minit

minit (Jawi spelling مينيت, plural minit-minit, informal 1st possessive minitku, 2nd possessive minitmu, 3rd possessive minitnya)

مينيت (Jawi)
minit-minit (plural)
minitku (first-person informal possessive)
minitmu (possessive second-person)
minitnya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from English minute, from Old French minut, from Medieval Latin minūta.


misa

From Portuguese missa (“mass”), from Old Galician-Portuguese missa, from Late Latin missa (“mass”), from Latin mittō (“I send”), from Proto-Indo-European *meyth₂- (“to exchange, remove”).


عين

ms-noun

عين (Rumi spelling ain, plural عين-عين or عين۲, informal 1st possessive عينکو, 2nd possessive عينمو, 3rd possessive عينڽ)

ain (Rumi)
عين-عين (plural)
عين۲ (plural)
عينکو (first-person informal possessive)
عينمو (possessive second-person)
عينڽ (possessive third-person)


magnet

magnet (Jawi spelling مݢنيت, plural magnet-magnet, informal 1st possessive magnetku, 2nd possessive magnetmu, 3rd possessive magnetnya)

مݢنيت (Jawi)
magnet-magnet (plural)
magnetku (first-person informal possessive)
magnetmu (possessive second-person)
magnetnya (possessive third-person)

From English magnet, from Middle English magnete, via Old French magnete, Latin magnēs, magnētem (“lodestone”), from Ancient Greek μαγνῆτις [λίθος] (magnêtis [líthos], “Magnesian [stone]”).

der

μαγνῆτις 􂀿λίθος􂁀


nana

ms-noun

nana (Jawi spelling نان, plural nana-nana, informal 1st possessive nanaku, 2nd possessive nanamu, 3rd possessive nananya)

نان (Jawi)
nana-nana (plural)
nanaku (first-person informal possessive)
nanamu (possessive second-person)
nananya (possessive third-person)

bor

Tamil அண்ணா (aṇṇā)


guru

ms-noun

guru (Jawi spelling ݢورو, plural guru-guru, informal 1st possessive guruku, 2nd possessive gurumu, 3rd possessive gurunya)

ݢورو (Jawi)
guru-guru (plural)
guruku (first-person informal possessive)
gurumu (possessive second-person)
gurunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: guru

→ Tagalog: gulo, → guro (learned)

From Sanskrit गुरु (gurú, “teacher, sage”) via Old Javanese, from Proto-Indo-Aryan *gr̥Húṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥Húš, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥h₂ús (“heavy”).


laki

laki (Jawi spelling لاکي, plural laki-laki, informal 1st possessive lakiku, 2nd possessive lakimu, 3rd possessive lakinya)

لاکي (Jawi)
laki-laki (plural)
lakiku (first-person informal possessive)
lakimu (possessive second-person)
lakinya (possessive third-person)

First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (lāki).


lima

From Proto-Malayic *lima, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *lima, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *lima, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lima, from Proto-Austronesian *lima.


sial

Either from English sial or a blend of silikon (“silicon”) + aluminium (“aluminium”).


sima

Either from English sima or a blend of silikon (“silicon”) + magnesium.


pion

ms-noun

pion (Jawi spelling ڤيون, plural pion-pion, informal 1st possessive pionku, 2nd possessive pionmu, 3rd possessive pionnya)

ڤيون (Jawi)
pion-pion (plural)
pionku (first-person informal possessive)
pionmu (possessive second-person)
pionnya (possessive third-person)

From Indonesian pion, from Dutch pion (“pawn”), from French pion, from Old French peon, poon, paon, from Late Latin pedō, pedōnem (“footsoldier”), from Latin pēs, pedem (“foot”). Doublet of piung.


bait

ms-noun

bait (Jawi spelling بيت, plural bait-bait, informal 1st possessive baitku, 2nd possessive baitmu, 3rd possessive baitnya)

بيت (Jawi)
bait-bait (plural)
baitku (first-person informal possessive)
baitmu (possessive second-person)
baitnya (possessive third-person)

→ Indonesian: bait

From Arabic بَيْت (bayt), from Proto-Semitic *bayt-.

(literature) couplet (a pair of lines in poetry)


laksa

laksa (Jawi spelling لقسا, plural laksa-laksa, informal 1st possessive laksaku, 2nd possessive laksamu, 3rd possessive laksanya)

لقسا (Jawi)
laksa-laksa (plural)
laksaku (first-person informal possessive)
laksamu (possessive second-person)
laksanya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: laksa

→ English: laksa

From possibly either:
* Classical Persian لاکچه (lākča, “pasta put into broth”)
* Sanskrit लाक्षा (lākṣā, “red dye; lac”)

der

laksa (a spicy stew from Indonesia or Malaysia)


laksa

Indonesian: laksa

→ Cebuano: laksa

→ Tagalog: laksa

From Sanskrit लक्ष (lakṣa, “hundred thousand”).


remis

ms-noun

remis (Jawi spelling رميس, plural remis-remis, informal 1st possessive remisku, 2nd possessive remismu, 3rd possessive remisnya)

رميس (Jawi)
remis-remis (plural)
remisku (first-person informal possessive)
remismu (possessive second-person)
remisnya (possessive third-person)


pipi

pipi (Jawi spelling ڤيڤي, plural pipi-pipi, informal 1st possessive pipiku, 2nd possessive pipimu, 3rd possessive pipinya)

ڤيڤي (Jawi)
pipi-pipi (plural)
pipiku (first-person informal possessive)
pipimu (possessive second-person)
pipinya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *pipi, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pipi.


Johan

Borrowed from Classical Persian جهان (jahān, “world”), from Middle Persian [script needed] (gyhʾn' /gēhān/, “worldly creatures, world”), from plural genitive form of Proto-Iranian *gay-θā-.

der

A male given name from Persian, meaning “champion”.


matrilineal

ماتريلينيال (Jawi)


bunga

ms-noun

bunga (Jawi spelling بوڠا, plural bunga-bunga, informal 1st possessive bungaku, 2nd possessive bungamu, 3rd possessive bunganya)

بوڠا (Jawi)
bunga-bunga (plural)
bungaku (first-person informal possessive)
bungamu (possessive second-person)
bunganya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *buŋaʔ (compare Indonesian bunga), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa (compare Ilocano bunga (“fruit”), Tagalog bunga (“fruit”)).

Bunga Mawar itu berwarna merah.

flower (reproductive structure in angiosperms)


bunga

Semantic loan from English interest, by analogy with bank interest growing over time like flowers, as well as wordplay referring to the sense of "attention" in English and the sense of "beauty, looking good" in Indonesian. Compare to Thai ดอกเบี้ย (dɔ̀ɔk-bîia, “interest”, literally “flower money”).

noncog

2002, Takiah Mohd Iskandar & Norida Basnan, Perakaunan Kewangan: Prinsip dan Amalan di Malaysia, Vol. 1, Cerdik Publications, page 174.
Sekiranya nota janji yang dikeluarkan menjadi matang dalam tempoh perakaunan berikutnya jumlah bunga daripada tarikh nota dikeluarkan hingga tarikh penyata kewangan perlu diakrukan.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


sumpit

ms-noun

sumpit (Jawi spelling سومڤيت, plural sumpit-sumpit, informal 1st possessive sumpitku, 2nd possessive sumpitmu, 3rd possessive sumpitnya)

سومڤيت (Jawi)
sumpit-sumpit (plural)
sumpitku (first-person informal possessive)
sumpitmu (possessive second-person)
sumpitnya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *sumpit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpit, from Proto-Austronesian *sumpit.

Seekor sumpit berenang di air.

(zoology) an archerfish, a kind of fish that shoots insects with water in the genus Toxotes; usually as ikan sumpit or sumpit-sumpit.


sumpit

Indonesian: sumpit

→ English: sumpit

Budak itu pandai menyumpit.

That kid is skilled at using a blowpipe.


sumpit

* From Baba Malay sumpit, from Hokkien 栓筆／栓笔 (sng-pit, “holding pin”).
* From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *supit (“narrow, to pinch, tongs”), from Proto-Austronesian *supit (“narrow, to pinch, tongs”). Doublet of sepit.


sore

ms-noun

sore (Jawi spelling سوري, plural sore-sore, informal 1st possessive soreku, 2nd possessive soremu, 3rd possessive sorenya)

سوري (Jawi)
sore-sore (plural)
soreku (first-person informal possessive)
soremu (possessive second-person)
sorenya (possessive third-person)

From Indonesian sore, from Javanese sore, from Old Javanese sore, from sorai. Compare French soirée.

(Indonesia) afternoon (part of the day between noon and evening)


gula

gula (Jawi spelling ݢولا, plural gula, informal 1st possessive gulaku, 2nd possessive gulamu, 3rd possessive gulanya)

ݢولا (Jawi)
gula (plural)
gulaku (first-person informal possessive)
gulamu (possessive second-person)
gulanya (possessive third-person)

From Sanskrit गुल (gula, “unrefined sugar, molasses”). The Sanskrit equivalent is मधुरं (madhuraṃ, “sugar”).

der

sugar (sucrose from sugar cane or sugar beet and used to sweeten food and drink)


pupil

ms-noun

pupil (Jawi spelling ڤوڤيل, plural pupil-pupil, informal 1st possessive pupilku, 2nd possessive pupilmu, 3rd possessive pupilnya)

ڤوڤيل (Jawi)
pupil-pupil (plural)
pupilku (first-person informal possessive)
pupilmu (possessive second-person)
pupilnya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from English pupil, from Middle French pupille, from Latin pūpilla (“pupil; little girl, doll”).

der

(anatomy) pupil (the hole in the middle of the iris of the eye)


antigen

ms-noun

antigen (plural antigen-antigen, informal 1st possessive antigenku, 2nd possessive antigenmu, 3rd possessive antigennya)

antigen-antigen (plural)
antigenku (first-person informal possessive)
antigenmu (possessive second-person)
antigennya (possessive third-person)

Ultimately from French antigène, from anti- + gène.


mufti

mufti (Jawi spelling مفتي, plural mufti-mufti, informal 1st possessive muftiku, 2nd possessive muftimu, 3rd possessive muftinya)

مفتي (Jawi)
mufti-mufti (plural)
muftiku (first-person informal possessive)
muftimu (possessive second-person)
muftinya (possessive third-person)

From Arabic مُفْتٍ (muftin), the active participle of أَفْتَى (ʔaftā, “to deliver a formal opinion”).


bantal

bantal (Jawi spelling بنتل, plural bantal-bantal, informal 1st possessive bantalku, 2nd possessive bantalmu, 3rd possessive bantalnya)

بنتل (Jawi)
bantal-bantal (plural)
bantalku (first-person informal possessive)
bantalmu (possessive second-person)
bantalnya (possessive third-person)

pillow (soft cushion used to support the head in bed)


ovum

ovum (Jawi spelling اوۏوم, plural ovum-ovum, informal 1st possessive ovumku, 2nd possessive ovummu, 3rd possessive ovumnya)

اوۏوم (Jawi)
ovum-ovum (plural)
ovumku (first-person informal possessive)
ovummu (possessive second-person)
ovumnya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from English ovum, from Latin ōvum, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm, likely a derivative of *h₂éwis.


adat

adat (Jawi spelling عادت, plural adat-adat, informal 1st possessive adatku, 2nd possessive adatmu, 3rd possessive adatnya)

عادت (Jawi)
adat-adat (plural)
adatku (first-person informal possessive)
adatmu (possessive second-person)
adatnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: adat

→ English: adat

→ Dutch: adat

→ Iban: adat

→ Western Cham: عادة (adat)

From Classical Malay عادة (adat), from Persian عادت ('âdat), from Arabic عَادَة (ʕāda, “habit, custom”), from the verb عَوْدَ (ʕawda, “to appurtain, to be proper”).

custom (Frequent repetition of the same act)


yah

bapa

bapanda, bapai, bapak, bapang, baba, papa


uvula

uvula (Jawi spelling اوۏولا, plural uvula-uvula, informal 1st possessive uvulaku, 2nd possessive uvulamu, 3rd possessive uvulanya)

اوۏولا (Jawi)
uvula-uvula (plural)
uvulaku (first-person informal possessive)
uvulamu (possessive second-person)
uvulanya (possessive third-person)

From Late Latin ūvula (“little grape”), diminutive of Latin ūva (“grape”).

(anatomy) Uvula (appendage that hangs from the palate)


bas

bas (Jawi spelling بس, plural bas-bas, informal 1st possessive basku, 2nd possessive basmu, 3rd possessive basnya)

بس (Jawi)
bas-bas (plural)
basku (first-person informal possessive)
basmu (possessive second-person)
basnya (possessive third-person)


tuli

Indonesian: tuli

From Proto-Malayic *tuli, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuli, from Proto-Austronesian *Culi.

menulikan [agent focus + causative benefactive]


ringgit

ringgit (Jawi spelling ريڠݢيت, plural ringgit-ringgit, informal 1st possessive ringgitku, 2nd possessive ringgitmu, 3rd possessive ringgitnya)

ريڠݢيت (Jawi)
ringgit-ringgit (plural)
ringgitku (first-person informal possessive)
ringgitmu (possessive second-person)
ringgitnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: ringgit

→ Chinese: 林吉特, 令吉

desc

→ Balinese: ᬭᬶᬗ᭄ᬕᬶᬢ᭄ (ringgit) (semantic loan)

→ Javanese: ꦫꦶꦁꦒꦶꦠ꧀ (ringgit) (semantic loan)

From gerigi (“jagged”), from gigi (“tooth”), referring to the edges of the Spanish dollar.


polis

ms-noun

polis (Jawi spelling ڤوليس, plural polis-polis, informal 1st possessive polisku, 2nd possessive polismu, 3rd possessive polisnya)

ڤوليس (Jawi)
polis-polis (plural)
polisku (first-person informal possessive)
polismu (possessive second-person)
polisnya (possessive third-person)

From English police, from Middle French police, from Latin politia (“state, government”), from Ancient Greek πολιτεία (politeía).

(Malaysia, Singapore, Riau) police, a civil force granted the legal authority for law enforcement and maintaining public order.


referendum

referendum (Jawi spelling ريفريندوم, plural referendum-referendum, informal 1st possessive referendumku, 2nd possessive referendummu, 3rd possessive referendumnya)

ريفريندوم (Jawi)
referendum-referendum (plural)
referendumku (first-person informal possessive)
referendummu (possessive second-person)
referendumnya (possessive third-person)

From English referendum, from Latin referendum (“that which ought to be announced”), from refero (“I announce”).

der

(politics) A direct popular vote on a proposed law or constitutional amendment; a referendum.


karat

ms-noun

karat (Jawi spelling کارت, plural karat-karat, informal 1st possessive karatku, 2nd possessive karatmu, 3rd possessive karatnya)

کارت (Jawi)
karat-karat (plural)
karatku (first-person informal possessive)
karatmu (possessive second-person)
karatnya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *karat (“rust”).

karat:

karat:


mikroskop

mikroskop (Jawi spelling ميکروسکوڤ, plural mikroskop-mikroskop, informal 1st possessive mikroskopku, 2nd possessive mikroskopmu, 3rd possessive mikroskopnya)

ميکروسکوڤ (Jawi)
mikroskop-mikroskop (plural)
mikroskopku (first-person informal possessive)
mikroskopmu (possessive second-person)
mikroskopnya (possessive third-person)

From English microscope, from New Latin microscopium.


baka

sistem (kuasa) baka


selatan

selatan (Jawi spelling سلاتن, informal 1st possessive selatanku, 2nd possessive selatanmu, 3rd possessive selatannya)

سلاتن (Jawi)
selatanku (first-person informal possessive)
selatanmu (possessive second-person)
selatannya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *sAlatan, *silatan, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salatan, *silatan.


agama

agama (Jawi spelling اݢام, plural agama-agama, informal 1st possessive agamaku, 2nd possessive agamamu, 3rd possessive agamanya)

اݢام (Jawi)
agama-agama (plural)
agamaku (first-person informal possessive)
agamamu (possessive second-person)
agamanya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: agama

→ Maguindanao: agama

→ Maranao: agama

→ Tausug: agama

From Sanskrit आगम (āgama, “a traditional doctrine or precept”).


cas

→ Indonesian: cas

(Indonesian)

(electromagnetism, chemistry) an electric charge.


herba

ms-noun

herba (Jawi spelling هربا, plural herba-herba, informal 1st possessive herbaku, 2nd possessive herbamu, 3rd possessive herbanya)

هربا (Jawi)
herba-herba (plural)
herbaku (first-person informal possessive)
herbamu (possessive second-person)
herbanya (possessive third-person)

From English herb, from Middle English herbe, erbe, from Old French erbe (French herbe), from Latin herba.

(botany) A plant whose stem is not woody and does not persist beyond each growing season.


badam

badam (Jawi spelling بادم, plural badam-badam, informal 1st possessive badamku, 2nd possessive badammu, 3rd possessive badamnya)

بادم (Jawi)
badam-badam (plural)
badamku (first-person informal possessive)
badammu (possessive second-person)
badamnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: badam

From Classical Malay بادم (badam), from Classical Persian بادام (bādām).


badam

almond (resembling the colour of an almond nut)


Agus

From bagus, from Proto-Malayic *bagus, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *bagus, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *bagus.

Alternative form of Bagus, a male given name from Malay


Abraham

ابراهام (Jawi)


Jun

From English June, from Middle English jun, june, from juyng, from Old French juing, from Latin iūnius.

June (sixth month of the Gregorian calendar)


Oktober

اوکتوبر (Jawi)

From English October, from Middle English, from Old English, from Latin Octōber, from octō, from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw.

October (tenth month of the Gregorian calendar)


PH

(Malaysian politics) Initialism of Pakatan Harapan (“Alliance of Hope”).


Natal

Indonesian: Natal

Borrowed from Portuguese Natal (via any dialects in contact with the Portuguese like Ambonese, Ternate etc) or creoles like Kristang, from Old Galician-Portuguese Natal, from Latin nātālis [diēs Dominī] (“birthday of the Lord”).

der

(Malacca, Christianity) Christmas; a festival/holiday commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ and incorporating various Christian, pre-Christian, pagan and secular customs, which is celebrated on December 25 in most places.


mata

ms-noun

mata (Jawi spelling مات, plural mata-mata, informal 1st possessive mataku, 2nd possessive matamu, 3rd possessive matanya)

مات (Jawi)
mata-mata (plural)
mataku (first-person informal possessive)
matamu (possessive second-person)
matanya (possessive third-person)

> Indonesian: mata (inherited)

From Proto-Malayic *mata, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *mata, from Proto-Austronesian *maCa.


tuan

tuan (Jawi spelling توان, plural tuan-tuan, informal 1st possessive tuanku, 2nd possessive tuanmu, 3rd possessive tuannya)

توان (Jawi)
tuan-tuan (plural)
tuanku (first-person informal possessive)
tuanmu (possessive second-person)
tuannya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: tuan

→ Hokkien: 緞／缎 (toān, “master, mister”)

→? Tagalog: tuwan (obsolete)

→ Tausug: tuwan

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatuan (“deity”). Doublet of tuhan.


champagne

Borrowed from English champagne, from French champagne, from Champagne, from Late Latin campania, from campāneus, from Latin campus.

champagne (sparkling wine made in Champagne)


Neptun

Neptune (eighth planet of the solar system)


Ismail

إسماعيل (Jawi)

From Arabic إِسْمَاعِيل (ʔismāʕīl), from Hebrew ישמעאל (yishma'él).

bor

Arabic إِسْمَاعِيل (ʔismāʕīl)


azan

ms-noun

azan (Jawi spelling اذان, plural azan-azan, informal 1st possessive azanku, 2nd possessive azanmu, 3rd possessive azannya)

اذان (Jawi)
azan-azan (plural)
azanku (first-person informal possessive)
azanmu (possessive second-person)
azannya (possessive third-person)


takbir

takbir (Jawi spelling تکبير, plural takbir-takbir, informal 1st possessive takbirku, 2nd possessive takbirmu, 3rd possessive takbirnya)

تکبير (Jawi)
takbir-takbir (plural)
takbirku (first-person informal possessive)
takbirmu (possessive second-person)
takbirnya (possessive third-person)

(Islam) takbir: A proclamation of the greatness of God, "Allahu akbar".


masjid

masjid (Jawi spelling مسجد, plural masjid-masjid, informal 1st possessive masjidku, 2nd possessive masjidmu, 3rd possessive masjidnya)

مسجد (Jawi)
masjid-masjid (plural)
masjidku (first-person informal possessive)
masjidmu (possessive second-person)
masjidnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: masjid

Bahasa Baku, Standard Singapore, Sarawak, Sabah


iftar

iftar (plural iftar-iftar, informal 1st possessive iftarku, 2nd possessive iftarmu, 3rd possessive iftarnya)

iftar-iftar (plural)
iftarku (first-person informal possessive)
iftarmu (possessive second-person)
iftarnya (possessive third-person)

bor

Arabic إِفْطَار (ʔifṭār)

(Islam) The evening meal or dinner that marks the end of the daily fast on Ramadan.


Ibrahim

ابراهیم (Jawi)

Borrowed from Arabic إِبْرَاهِيم (ʔibrāhīm).

etymon

ar>إِبْرَاهِيم>prophet

A male given name from Arabic or Hebrew.


kafir

ms-noun

kafir (Jawi spelling کافير, plural kafir-kafir)

From Arabic كَافِر (kāfir, “denier, unbeliever”).

bor

(Islam, offensive, religious slur) A kafir, a disbeliever, a denier: someone who denies the truths from Allah; or more broadly any non-Muslim.


Ramadan

Indonesian: Ramadan


Muhammad

Baháʼí Baháʼí

(Islam) The figure who introduced Islam, and the man to whom the Qur'an was revealed; considered a prophet by Muslims and Baháʼís.


raja

ms-noun

raja (Jawi spelling راج, plural raja-raja, informal 1st possessive rajaku, 2nd possessive rajamu, 3rd possessive rajanya)

راج (Jawi)
raja-raja (plural)
rajaku (first-person informal possessive)
rajamu (possessive second-person)
rajanya (possessive third-person)

From Sanskrit राजन् (rājan, “king, prince”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hrā́ȷ́ā (“king”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrā́ȷ́ā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵ-ō, from *h₃rḗǵs (“ruler, king”).

A king; a male of a royal family who is the supreme ruler of his nation.

(archaic, informal) A ruler; the person, body, or force currently in power.

A tycoon; someone who possesses significant influence in a certain area or field.

(card games) A playing card with the letter 'K' and an image of a king on it.

A title found in the names of some people of royal descent.


tonsil

tonsil (Jawi spelling تونسيل, plural tonsil-tonsil, informal 1st possessive tonsilku, 2nd possessive tonsilmu, 3rd possessive tonsilnya)

تونسيل (Jawi)
tonsil-tonsil (plural)
tonsilku (first-person informal possessive)
tonsilmu (possessive second-person)
tonsilnya (possessive third-person)


saat

saat (Jawi spelling ساعت, plural saat-saat, informal 1st possessive saatku, 2nd possessive saatmu, 3rd possessive saatnya)

ساعت (Jawi)
saat-saat (plural)
saatku (first-person informal possessive)
saatmu (possessive second-person)
saatnya (possessive third-person)


Jepun

Indonesian: Jepun

→ Dutch: Japan (see there for further descendants)

→ Portuguese: Japão (see there for further descendants)

Japanese (pertaining to ethnic group or language)


suku

suku (Jawi spelling سوکو, plural suku-suku, informal 1st possessive sukuku, 2nd possessive sukumu, 3rd possessive sukunya)

سوکو (Jawi)
suku-suku (plural)
sukuku (first-person informal possessive)
sukumu (possessive second-person)
sukunya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suku (“one quarter; designation for a division of society, probably a lineage”).

inh

(Indonesian)

(finance) a fourth part of the year; 3 months; a term or season.


francais

ms-noun

francais (Jawi spelling فرنچاءيس, plural francais-francais, informal 1st possessive francaisku, 2nd possessive francaismu, 3rd possessive francaisnya)

فرنچاءيس (Jawi)
francais-francais (plural)
francaisku (first-person informal possessive)
francaismu (possessive second-person)
francaisnya (possessive third-person)

(sports) A franchise (collection of organizations in a sport team's history)

(business, marketing) A franchise (positive influence on the buying behaviour of customers)


ef

The name of the Latin-script letter F/f.


gamelan

gamelan (Jawi spelling ݢميلن, informal 1st possessive gamelanku, 2nd possessive gamelanmu, 3rd possessive gamelannya)

ݢميلن (Jawi)
gamelanku (first-person informal possessive)
gamelanmu (possessive second-person)
gamelannya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from Javanese ꦒꦩꦼꦭꦤ꧀ (gamelan), from Old Javanese gamelan.


kindergarten

head

kindergarten (less used, plural kindergarten-kindergarten)

From English kindergarten, from German Kindergarten.

kindergarten (educational institution for young children, usually between ages 4 and 6)


kiu

The name of the Latin-script letter Q/q.


PN

Perikatan Nasional
w:ms:Perikatan Nasional

(Malaysian politics) Initialism of Perikatan Nasional (“National Alliance”).


nek

ms-noun

nek (Jawi spelling نيق, informal 1st possessive nekku, 2nd possessive nekmu, 3rd possessive neknya)

نيق (Jawi)
nekku (first-person informal possessive)
nekmu (possessive second-person)
neknya (possessive third-person)


dapur

dapur (Jawi spelling داڤور, plural dapur-dapur, informal 1st possessive dapurku, 2nd possessive dapurmu, 3rd possessive dapurnya)

داڤور (Jawi)
dapur-dapur (plural)
dapurku (first-person informal possessive)
dapurmu (possessive second-person)
dapurnya (possessive third-person)

> Indonesian: dapur (inherited)

→ Javanese: ꦝꦥꦸꦂ (dhapur)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dapuR. Cognate with Tagalog dapog, Samoan magalafu (“fireplace, furnace”).


rege

régé (Jawi spelling ريݢي, plural rege-rege, informal 1st possessive regeku, 2nd possessive regemu, 3rd possessive regenya)

régé (canonical)
ريݢي (Jawi)
rege-rege (plural)
regeku (first-person informal possessive)
regemu (possessive second-person)
regenya (possessive third-person)

(music, dance) A type of music or dance that originated from the West Indies; reggae.


sendi

sendi (Jawi spelling سندي, plural sendi-sendi, informal 1st possessive sendiku, 2nd possessive sendimu, 3rd possessive sendinya)

سندي (Jawi)
sendi-sendi (plural)
sendiku (first-person informal possessive)
sendimu (possessive second-person)
sendinya (possessive third-person)


tir

tir (Jawi spelling تير, plural tir-tir, informal 1st possessive tirku, 2nd possessive tirmu, 3rd possessive tirnya)

تير (Jawi)
tir-tir (plural)
tirku (first-person informal possessive)
tirmu (possessive second-person)
tirnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: tir

(sports) The rook or castle piece in chess.


pagi

pagi (Jawi spelling ڤاݢي, plural pagi-pagi)

Baba Malay: pagi

Indonesian: pagi

* According to Adelaar (1992), from Proto-Malayic *pagi.
* According to Hoogervorst (2016), who proposed a loan from Ardhamagadhi Prakrit page, from Sanskrit प्रगे (prage, “crack of dawn”). For similar vocalism, confer Eastern Cham pagé.


ain

ain (Jawi spelling عين, plural ain-ain, informal 1st possessive ainku, 2nd possessive ainmu, 3rd possessive ainnya)

عين (Jawi)
ain-ain (plural)
ainku (first-person informal possessive)
ainmu (possessive second-person)
ainnya (possessive third-person)

From Arabic عَيْن (ʕayn), from Proto-Semitic *ʿayn-, from Proto-Afroasiatic *ʿayVn-.


parti

parti (Jawi spelling ڤرتي, plural parti-parti, informal 1st possessive partiku, 2nd possessive partimu, 3rd possessive partinya)

ڤرتي (Jawi)
parti-parti (plural)
partiku (first-person informal possessive)
partimu (possessive second-person)
partinya (possessive third-person)


BI

BI (informal 1st possessive BIku, 2nd possessive BImu, 3rd possessive BInya)

BIku (first-person informal possessive)
BImu (possessive second-person)
BInya (possessive third-person)

(education) short for Bahasa Inggeris (“English”).


gen

gen (plural gen-gen, informal 1st possessive genku, 2nd possessive genmu, 3rd possessive gennya)

gen-gen (plural)
genku (first-person informal possessive)
genmu (possessive second-person)
gennya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from Dutch gen (“gene”), from German Gen (which was coined by Danish biologist Wilhelm Ludvig Johannsen in a German-language publication), from Ancient Greek γενεά (geneá, “generation, descent”), from the aorist infinitive of γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “I come into being”).

der

(genetics) a theoretical unit of heredity of living organisms; a gene may take several values and in principle predetermines a precise trait of an organism's form (phenotype), such as hair colour.

(molecular biology) locus: a segment of DNA or RNA from a cell's or an organism's genome, that may take several forms and thus parameterizes a phenomenon, in general the structure of a protein.


bidan

ms-noun

bidan (Jawi spelling بيدن, plural bidan-bidan, informal 1st possessive bidanku, 2nd possessive bidanmu, 3rd possessive bidannya)

بيدن (Jawi)
bidan-bidan (plural)
bidanku (first-person informal possessive)
bidanmu (possessive second-person)
bidannya (possessive third-person)

From Prakrit *𑀯𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀡 (*viddāṇa), from Sanskrit विद्वान् (vidvān, “wise man”). Doublet of biduan.

Midwife (person who assists women in childbirth)


tenis

tenis (plural tenis-tenis, informal 1st possessive tenisku, 2nd possessive tenismu, 3rd possessive tenisnya)

tenis-tenis (plural)
tenisku (first-person informal possessive)
tenismu (possessive second-person)
tenisnya (possessive third-person)


masa

masa (Jawi spelling ماس, plural masa-masa, informal 1st possessive masaku, 2nd possessive masamu, 3rd possessive masanya)

ماس (Jawi)
masa-masa (plural)
masaku (first-person informal possessive)
masamu (possessive second-person)
masanya (possessive third-person)

Probably from Sanskrit मास (māsa, “month”).

time (time of day, as indicated by a clock, etc)

time (measurement under some system of the time of day or moment in time)

time (numerical indication of a particular moment in time)


ozon

ozon (Jawi spelling اوزون, informal 1st possessive ozonku, 2nd possessive ozonmu, 3rd possessive ozonnya)

اوزون (Jawi)
ozonku (first-person informal possessive)
ozonmu (possessive second-person)
ozonnya (possessive third-person)


GBS

Gabungan Bersatu Sabah
w:ms:Gabungan Bersatu Sabah

(Malaysian politics) Initialism of Gabungan Bersatu Sabah (“United Alliance of Sabah”).


tante

tante (Jawi spelling تنتى, plural tante-tante, informal 1st possessive tanteku, 2nd possessive tantemu, 3rd possessive tantenya)

تنتى (Jawi)
tante-tante (plural)
tanteku (first-person informal possessive)
tantemu (possessive second-person)
tantenya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: tante

(Netherlands) aunt (a parent’s sister or sister-in-law)


eka-

From Sanskrit एक (eka), from Proto-Indo-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-European *óykos, Proto-Indo-European *óynos, Proto-Indo-European *óywos.


esa

From Proto-Malayic *əsa and *isa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa and *isa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa and *isa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa and *isa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa and *isa (“one”).


demokrasi

demokrasi (Jawi spelling ديموکراسي, informal 1st possessive demokrasiku, 2nd possessive demokrasimu, 3rd possessive demokrasinya)

ديموکراسي (Jawi)
demokrasiku (first-person informal possessive)
demokrasimu (possessive second-person)
demokrasinya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch democratie or English democracy, from Middle French democratie, from Medieval Latin democratia, from Ancient Greek δημοκρατία (dēmokratía).


يوم

يوم (Rumi spelling yaum, plural يوم-يوم or يوم۲, informal 1st possessive يومکو, 2nd possessive يوممو, 3rd possessive يومڽ)

yaum (Rumi)
يوم-يوم (plural)
يوم۲ (plural)
يومکو (first-person informal possessive)
يوممو (possessive second-person)
يومڽ (possessive third-person)


rama

rama (Jawi spelling راما, plural rama-rama, informal 1st possessive ramaku, 2nd possessive ramamu, 3rd possessive ramanya)

راما (Jawi)
rama-rama (plural)
ramaku (first-person informal possessive)
ramamu (possessive second-person)
ramanya (possessive third-person)

From Old Javanese rāma (“father”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *da-amax (“father”), from Proto-Austronesian *ama-h (“father”).


harmonika

harmonika (Jawi spelling هرمونيکا, plural harmonika-harmonika, informal 1st possessive harmonikaku, 2nd possessive harmonikamu, 3rd possessive harmonikanya)

هرمونيکا (Jawi)
harmonika-harmonika (plural)
harmonikaku (first-person informal possessive)
harmonikamu (possessive second-person)
harmonikanya (possessive third-person)

(music) harmonica: a musical wind instrument with a series of holes for the player to blow into, each hole producing a different note.


kuil

kuil (Jawi spelling کوءيل, plural kuil-kuil, informal 1st possessive kuilku, 2nd possessive kuilmu, 3rd possessive kuilnya)

کوءيل (Jawi)
kuil-kuil (plural)
kuilku (first-person informal possessive)
kuilmu (possessive second-person)
kuilnya (possessive third-person)

From Tamil கோயில் (kōyil). See also English kovil.


ji

The name of the Latin-script letter G/g.


jong

jong (Jawi spelling جوڠ, plural jong-jong, informal 1st possessive jongku, 2nd possessive jongmu, 3rd possessive jongnya)

جوڠ (Jawi)
jong-jong (plural)
jongku (first-person informal possessive)
jongmu (possessive second-person)
jongnya (possessive third-person)

> Indonesian: jung (inherited)

Borrowed from either Hokkien 船 (chûn) or Teochew 船 (zung⁵), from Proto-Min *-džionᴬ (“ship, boat”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-lawŋ (“boat”). Compare Old Chinese 船 (OC *ɦljon).

Jong (a Javanese-Malay cargo and passenger ship)


riba

riba (Jawi spelling ريبا, plural riba-riba, informal 1st possessive ribaku, 2nd possessive ribamu, 3rd possessive ribanya)

ريبا (Jawi)
riba-riba (plural)
ribaku (first-person informal possessive)
ribamu (possessive second-person)
ribanya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *riba (“lap”). Cognate with Buginese riwa and Selaru riha.


riba

Indonesian: riba


latah

latah (Jawi spelling لاته, informal 1st possessive latahku, 2nd possessive latahmu, 3rd possessive latahnya)

لاته (Jawi)
latahku (first-person informal possessive)
latahmu (possessive second-person)
latahnya (possessive third-person)

→ English: latah

Indonesian: latah

(pathology) latah (A condition found in Malaysia and nearby areas characterised by extreme suggestibility)


ganja

ganja (Jawi spelling ݢنجا, informal 1st possessive ganjaku, 2nd possessive ganjamu, 3rd possessive ganjanya)

ݢنجا (Jawi)
ganjaku (first-person informal possessive)
ganjamu (possessive second-person)
ganjanya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: ganja (“marijuana”)


balai polis

balai polis (Jawi spelling بالاي ڤوليس, plural balai-balai polis, informal 1st possessive balai polisku, 2nd possessive balai polismu, 3rd possessive balai polisnya)

بالاي ڤوليس (Jawi)
balai-balai polis (plural)
balai polis ku (first-person informal possessive)
balai polis mu (possessive second-person)
balai polis nya (possessive third-person)

balai (“house, station, department”) + polis (“police”).

compound

(Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore) police station (building of police force)


sultan

ms-noun

sultan (Jawi spelling سلطان, plural sultan-sultan, informal 1st possessive sultanku, 2nd possessive sultanmu, 3rd possessive sultannya)

سلطان (Jawi)
sultan-sultan (plural)
sultanku (first-person informal possessive)
sultanmu (possessive second-person)
sultannya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: sultan

→ Min Nan: 史丹 (sú-tan)

→ Tagalog: sultan

From Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān), from Aramaic שולטנא (šulṭānā, “strength, authority, ruler, prince”).


laut

ms-noun

laut (Jawi spelling لاٴوت, informal 1st possessive lautku, 2nd possessive lautmu, 3rd possessive lautnya)

لاٴوت (Jawi)
lautku (first-person informal possessive)
lautmu (possessive second-person)
lautnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: laut

From Proto-Malayic *laut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lahud, from Proto-Austronesian *lahud. Displaced earlier *tasik (“sea”) (now tasik (“lake”)). Cognates with Minangkabau lauik (“sea”), Javanese ꦭꦺꦴꦂ (lor, “north”), Balinese ᬮᭀᬢ᭄ (lot, “sea”), Ilocano laud (“west”). Doublet of lor.


dolar

dolar (Jawi spelling دولر, informal 1st possessive dolarku, 2nd possessive dolarmu, 3rd possessive dolarnya)

دولر (Jawi)
dolarku (first-person informal possessive)
dolarmu (possessive second-person)
dolarnya (possessive third-person)


hahnium

(chemistry, obsolete) dubnium (chemical element)


api

api (Jawi spelling اڤي, informal 1st possessive apiku, 2nd possessive apimu, 3rd possessive apinya)

اڤي (Jawi)
apiku (first-person informal possessive)
apimu (possessive second-person)
apinya (possessive third-person)

Ambonese Malay: api

Indonesian: api

From Proto-Malayic *api, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *apuy, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *apuy, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapuy, from Proto-Austronesian *Sapuy.


parang

parang (Jawi spelling ڤارڠ, plural parang-parang, informal 1st possessive parangku, 2nd possessive parangmu, 3rd possessive parangnya)

ڤارڠ (Jawi)
parang-parang (plural)
parangku (first-person informal possessive)
parangmu (possessive second-person)
parangnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: parang

→ English: parang

→ Macanese: parám

→ Tagalog: paláng

a short, heavy, straight-edged knife or machete


The Malay comma, written in the Jawi script.


buta

Indonesian: buta

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *buta(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buta, from Proto-Austronesian *buCa.

membutakan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

membutai [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dibutakan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

dibutai [patient focus + causative benefactive]


hari

hari (Jawi spelling هاري, plural hari-hari, informal 1st possessive hariku, 2nd possessive harimu, 3rd possessive harinya)

هاري (Jawi)
hari-hari (plural)
hariku (first-person informal possessive)
harimu (possessive second-person)
harinya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: hari

From Proto-Malayic *ari, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *waʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *waʀi. According to Adelaar (1992), the intrusive h- was added to prevent vowel clusters in words such as *mata ari > matahari "sun".


akar

akar (Jawi spelling اکر, plural akar-akar, informal 1st possessive akarku, 2nd possessive akarmu, 3rd possessive akarnya)

اکر (Jawi)
akar-akar (plural)
akarku (first-person informal possessive)
akarmu (possessive second-person)
akarnya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *akar, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *akar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(w)akaʀ.

a root, a part of a plant that generally grow underground to absorbs water and nutrients.

(Indonesia, arithmetic) of a number or expression, a number which, when raised to a specified power, yields the specified number or expression.

(linguistic morphology) the primary lexical unit of a word, which carries the most significant aspects of semantic content and cannot be reduced into smaller constituents. See akar kata.


pai

pai (Jawi spelling ڤاي, plural pai-pai, informal 1st possessive paiku, 2nd possessive paimu, 3rd possessive painya)

ڤاي (Jawi)
pai-pai (plural)
paiku (first-person informal possessive)
paimu (possessive second-person)
painya (possessive third-person)


sabun

sabun (Jawi spelling سابون, plural sabun-sabun, informal 1st possessive sabunku, 2nd possessive sabunmu, 3rd possessive sabunnya)

سابون (Jawi)
sabun-sabun (plural)
sabunku (first-person informal possessive)
sabunmu (possessive second-person)
sabunnya (possessive third-person)

Iban: sabun

Indonesian: sabun

→ Balinese: ᬲᬩᬸᬦ᭄ (sabun)

→ Lun Bawang: sabun

→ Makasar: sabung

→ Dhuwal: jaabu

→ Hainanese: 差文

desctree

→? Hokkien: 雪文 (sap-bûn)
→ Amis: safon
→ Kavalan: sabun
→ Puyuma: sabun
→ Tsou: savungu

→ Sundanese: sabun

→ Teochew: 雪文 (sab⁴ bhung⁵)

Borrowed from Arabic صَابُون (ṣābūn), ultimately from Latin sapō.


ras

ms-noun

ras (Jawi spelling رس, plural ras-ras, informal 1st possessive rasku, 2nd possessive rasmu, 3rd possessive rasnya)

رس (Jawi)
ras-ras (plural)
rasku (first-person informal possessive)
rasmu (possessive second-person)
rasnya (possessive third-person)

From English race, from Middle English race, partially from Old English rǣs (“a race, swift or violent running, rush, onset”), from Proto-West Germanic *rās; and partially from Old Norse rás (“a running, race”); both from Proto-Germanic *rēsō (“a course”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁s- (“to flow, rush”).

der

ras Cina


kiri

"kiri" in Kamus Dewan, Fourth Edition, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, →ISBN, 2005.

“kiri” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

From Proto-Malayic *(kA-)iri, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ka-)wiʀi (compare Makasar kairi), from Proto-Austronesian *(ka-)wiʀi, a prefixed form of *wiʀi.

left (the west side of the body when one is facing north)


urin

ms-noun

urin (Jawi spelling اورين, plural urin-urin, informal 1st possessive urinku, 2nd possessive urinmu, 3rd possessive urinnya)

اورين (Jawi)
urin-urin (plural)
urinku (first-person informal possessive)
urinmu (possessive second-person)
urinnya (possessive third-person)

From Latin ūrīna (“urine”), from Proto-Indo-European *uh₁r-, zero grade of *weh₁r- (“water, liquid, milk”).


tuk

tuk (Jawi spelling توق, informal 1st possessive tukku, 2nd possessive tukmu, 3rd possessive tuknya)

توق (Jawi)
tukku (first-person informal possessive)
tukmu (possessive second-person)
tuknya (possessive third-person)


siku

siku (Jawi spelling سيکو, plural siku-siku, informal 1st possessive sikuku, 2nd possessive sikumu, 3rd possessive sikunya)

سيکو (Jawi)
siku-siku (plural)
sikuku (first-person informal possessive)
sikumu (possessive second-person)
sikunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: siku

From Proto-Malayic *siku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *siku, from Proto-Austronesian *sikux (“elbow”).


sembilan

سمبيلن (Jawi)

From Proto-Malayic *əsa(ʔ) ambil-an, *isa(ʔ) ambil-an. Compare Banjarese sambilan and Urak Lawoi' เซอมีลัด (semilat).


tawa

Indonesian: tawa

From Proto-Malayic *tawa(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tawa, from Proto-Austronesian *Cawa.

to laugh (show mirth by peculiar movement of the muscles of the face and emission of sounds)


kapal

kapal (Jawi spelling کاڤل, plural kapal-kapal, informal 1st possessive kapalku, 2nd possessive kapalmu, 3rd possessive kapalnya)

کاڤل (Jawi)
kapal-kapal (plural)
kapalku (first-person informal possessive)
kapalmu (possessive second-person)
kapalnya (possessive third-person)

Ambonese Malay: kapal

Indonesian: kapal

→ Balinese: ᬓᬧᬮ᭄ (kapal)

→ Alor: kapal

→ Balinese: ᬓᬧᬮ᭄ (kapal)

→ Buginese: ᨀᨄᨒ (kappala')

→ Chinese: 甲板 (jiǎbǎn)

→ English: kappal

→ Javanese: ꦏꦥꦭ꧀ (kapal)

→ Khmer: កប៉ាល់ (kaʼpal)

→ Maguindanao: kapal

→ Maranao: kapal

→ Sundanese: ᮊᮕᮜ᮪ (kapal)

→ Tboli: kafal

→ Tausug: kappal

→ Thai: กำปั่น (gam-bpàn)

→ Lao: ກຳປັ່ນ (kam pan)

→ Khmer: កងព័ន្ធ (kɑɑngpŏənthɔɔ) (possibly)

From Tamil கப்பல் (kappal, “ship, sailing vessel”).

bor

Kapal satu, nakhoda dua

saying about two lovers fighting in rivalry over a girl (lit. 'a ship with two captains')

(chiefly in combination) Any vessel travelling through any medium other than across land, such as an airship or spaceship.


kapal

ms-noun

kapal (plural kapal-kapal, informal 1st possessive kapalku, 2nd possessive kapalmu, 3rd possessive kapalnya)

kapal-kapal (plural)
kapalku (first-person informal possessive)
kapalmu (possessive second-person)
kapalnya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kapal (“thick, as a plank”). Compare to Tagalog kapal (“thick”).


kaya

Indonesian: kaya

→ Min Nan: 奎維／奎维 (khe-ûi)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaya, from Proto-Austronesian *kaya (“able, capable, strong, wealthy”). Compare Kapampangan kaya and Tagalog kaya (especially Tagalog may-kaya).

Tuhan yang Maha Kaya

(Islam, figurative) Having power (of God).


topi

ms-noun

topi (Jawi spelling توڤي, plural topi-topi, informal 1st possessive topiku, 2nd possessive topimu, 3rd possessive topinya)

توڤي (Jawi)
topi-topi (plural)
topiku (first-person informal possessive)
topimu (possessive second-person)
topinya (possessive third-person)

> Indonesian: topi (inherited)

→ Javanese: ꦠꦺꦴꦥꦶ (topi)

Borrowed from Tamil தொப்பி (toppi), from Hindi टोपी (ṭopī).


kata kerja

kata kerja (plural kata-kata kerja, informal 1st possessive kata kerjaku, 2nd possessive kata kerjamu, 3rd possessive kata kerjanya)

kata-kata kerja (plural)
kata kerja ku (first-person informal possessive)
kata kerja mu (possessive second-person)
kata kerja nya (possessive third-person)


kata penghubung

kata penghubung (plural kata-kata penghubung, informal 1st possessive kata penghubungku, 2nd possessive kata penghubungmu, 3rd possessive kata penghubungnya)

kata-kata penghubung (plural)
kata penghubung ku (first-person informal possessive)
kata penghubung mu (possessive second-person)
kata penghubung nya (possessive third-person)


kosa kata

kosa kata (plural kosa-kosa kata, informal 1st possessive kosa kataku, 2nd possessive kosa katamu, 3rd possessive kosa katanya)

kosa-kosa kata (plural)
kosa kata ku (first-person informal possessive)
kosa kata mu (possessive second-person)
kosa kata nya (possessive third-person)

From Sanskrit कोश (kóśa, “repository”) + kata (“word”).


masak

Indonesian: masak

From Proto-Malayic *masak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ma-esak (“cooked, ripe”).


gelas

ms-noun

gelas (Jawi spelling ݢلس, plural gelas-gelas, informal 1st possessive gelasku, 2nd possessive gelasmu, 3rd possessive gelasnya)

ݢلس (Jawi)
gelas-gelas (plural)
gelasku (first-person informal possessive)
gelasmu (possessive second-person)
gelasnya (possessive third-person)


jingga

Daun-daun pokok itu jingga.


jingga

jingga (Jawi spelling جيڠݢ, plural jingga-jingga, informal 1st possessive jinggaku, 2nd possessive jinggamu, 3rd possessive jingganya)

جيڠݢ (Jawi)
jingga-jingga (plural)
jinggaku (first-person informal possessive)
jinggamu (possessive second-person)
jingganya (possessive third-person)


jeruk

jeruk (Jawi spelling جروق, plural jeruk-jeruk, informal 1st possessive jerukku, 2nd possessive jerukmu, 3rd possessive jeruknya)

جروق (Jawi)
jeruk-jeruk (plural)
jerukku (first-person informal possessive)
jerukmu (possessive second-person)
jeruknya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: jeruk

→ Tagalog: dalok

From Javanese jeruk (ꦗꦼꦫꦸꦏ꧀), from Old Javanese jruk (“pickled meat, citrus fruits of various kinds”), probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kruuc ~ *kruəc (“citrus”). However, also note East Makian yorik (“citrus fruit”).

der

jeruk mangga


kertas

ms-noun

kertas (Jawi spelling کرتس, plural kertas-kertas, informal 1st possessive kertasku, 2nd possessive kertasmu, 3rd possessive kertasnya)

کرتس (Jawi)
kertas-kertas (plural)
kertasku (first-person informal possessive)
kertasmu (possessive second-person)
kertasnya (possessive third-person)

> Indonesian: kertas (inherited)

→ Javanese: ꦏꦼꦂꦠꦱ꧀ (kertas)

→ Khmer: ក្រដាស (krɑɑdaah)

→ Ternate: kartas

From Arabic قِرْطَاس (qirṭās), ultimately from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs). Doublet of carta and kad.
* Semantic loan from English paper for a set of examination questions.

(Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, education) A set of examination questions to be answered at one session.


adik

adik (Jawi spelling اديق, plural adik-adik, informal 1st possessive adikku, 2nd possessive adikmu, 3rd possessive adiknya)

اديق (Jawi)
adik-adik (plural)
adikku (first-person informal possessive)
adikmu (possessive second-person)
adiknya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: adik

From Proto-Malayic *adi-ʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *adi-ʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *wadi-ʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *huaji-q, from *huaji, from Proto-Austronesian *Suaji.

sibling ((younger) person who shares same parents)


merah

From mirah, from Proto-Malayic *(ma-)irah (compare Indonesian merah), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)iʀaq.

Saya mahu beli kereta merah.

I want to buy a red car.


merah

merah (Jawi spelling ميره, plural merah-merah, informal 1st possessive merahku, 2nd possessive merahmu, 3rd possessive merahnya)

ميره (Jawi)
merah-merah (plural)
merahku (first-person informal possessive)
merahmu (possessive second-person)
merahnya (possessive third-person)

Merah warna kegemaran saya.

Red is my favourite colour.


esok

tomorrow (The day after the present day.)


esok

Indonesian: esok

→ Minangkabau: isuak

tomorrow (On the day after the present day.)


ibu

ibu (Jawi spelling ايبو, plural ibu-ibu, informal 1st possessive ibuku, 2nd possessive ibumu, 3rd possessive ibunya)

ايبو (Jawi)
ibu-ibu (plural)
ibuku (first-person informal possessive)
ibumu (possessive second-person)
ibunya (possessive third-person)

> Indonesian: ibu (inherited)

→ Iban: ibu


tiram

tiram (Jawi spelling تيرم, plural tiram-tiram, informal 1st possessive tiramku, 2nd possessive tirammu, 3rd possessive tiramnya)

تيرم (Jawi)
tiram-tiram (plural)
tiramku (first-person informal possessive)
tirammu (possessive second-person)
tiramnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: tiram

From Proto-Malayic *tirəm, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tiʀəm.


benua

benua (Jawi spelling بنوا, plural benua-benua, informal 1st possessive benuaku, 2nd possessive benuamu, 3rd possessive benuanya)

بنوا (Jawi)
benua-benua (plural)
benuaku (first-person informal possessive)
benuamu (possessive second-person)
benuanya (possessive third-person)

Baba Malay: benua

Indonesian: benua

From Proto-Malayic *bənua, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *banua, from Proto-Austronesian *banua. Cognate with Iban menua and Maori whenua.
First attested in the Kedukan Bukit inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (vanua).

benua Afrika

(geography) continent (each of main land-masses on earth's surface)


udang

udang (Jawi spelling اودڠ, plural udang-udang, informal 1st possessive udangku, 2nd possessive udangmu, 3rd possessive udangnya)

اودڠ (Jawi)
udang-udang (plural)
udangku (first-person informal possessive)
udangmu (possessive second-person)
udangnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: udang

From Proto-Malayic *hudaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *hudaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *hudaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qudaŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *qudaŋ.


cuka

cuka (Jawi spelling چوک, plural cuka-cuka, informal 1st possessive cukaku, 2nd possessive cukamu, 3rd possessive cukanya)

چوک (Jawi)
cuka-cuka (plural)
cukaku (first-person informal possessive)
cukamu (possessive second-person)
cukanya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: cuka

→ Bikol Central: suka

→ Cebuano: suka

→ Ilocano: suka

desc

→ Javanese: ꦕꦺꦴꦏꦏ꧀ (cokak), ꦕꦸꦏꦏ꧀ (cukak)

→ Maranao: soka'

→ Tagalog: suka

Possibly either:
* Borrowed from Prakrit *𑀘𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓 (*cukka), from Sanskrit चुक्र (cukra, “sourness; fruit vinegar”). Compare Bengali চুকা (cuka, “sour, acid”).
* Persian سرکا (serkâ, “vinegar”)


hujan

ms-noun

hujan (Jawi spelling هوجن, plural hujan-hujan, informal 1st possessive hujanku, 2nd possessive hujanmu, 3rd possessive hujannya)

هوجن (Jawi)
hujan-hujan (plural)
hujanku (first-person informal possessive)
hujanmu (possessive second-person)
hujannya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: hujan

From Proto-Malayic *hujan, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *hujan, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *hujan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quzan, from Proto-Austronesian *quzaN.


telu

From Proto-Malayic *təlu, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *təlu, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *təlu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təlu, from Proto-Austronesian *təlu.
First attested in the Kedukan Bukit inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (tlu).

dua ratus cāra di sāmvau daṅan jālan sarivu tlu ratus sapulu dua vañakña dātaṃ di mukha upaṃ

as many as two-hundred in dugouts, with one-thousand, three hundred and twelve foot soldiers.


tahun

tahun (Jawi spelling تاهون, plural tahun-tahun, informal 1st possessive tahunku, 2nd possessive tahunmu, 3rd possessive tahunnya)

تاهون (Jawi)
tahun-tahun (plural)
tahunku (first-person informal possessive)
tahunmu (possessive second-person)
tahunnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: tahun

From Proto-Malayic *tahun, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqun (compare Maori tau).


katak

katak (Jawi spelling کاتق, plural katak-katak, informal 1st possessive katakku, 2nd possessive katakmu, 3rd possessive kataknya)

کاتق (Jawi)
katak-katak (plural)
katakku (first-person informal possessive)
katakmu (possessive second-person)
kataknya (possessive third-person)

(politics, slang, derogatory, Malaysia) defector: a politician who simply switches between different political parties.


manusia

manusia (Jawi spelling ماءنسي, plural manusia-manusia, informal 1st possessive manusiaku, 2nd possessive manusiamu, 3rd possessive manusianya)

ماءنسي (Jawi)
manusia-manusia (plural)
manusiaku (first-person informal possessive)
manusiamu (possessive second-person)
manusianya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from Sanskrit मनुष्य (manuṣyá, “human being”).


kelawar

ms-noun

kelawar (Jawi spelling کلاور, plural kelawar-kelawar, informal 1st possessive kelawarku, 2nd possessive kelawarmu, 3rd possessive kelawarnya)

کلاور (Jawi)
kelawar-kelawar (plural)
kelawarku (first-person informal possessive)
kelawarmu (possessive second-person)
kelawarnya (possessive third-person)

Phono-semantic matching of Dutch klaveren.


bulu

ms-noun

bulu (Jawi spelling بولو, plural bulu-bulu, informal 1st possessive buluku, 2nd possessive bulumu, 3rd possessive bulunya)

بولو (Jawi)
bulu-bulu (plural)
buluku (first-person informal possessive)
bulumu (possessive second-person)
bulunya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *bulu, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *bulu, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *bulu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bulu.

(anatomy) hair (the collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of humans and animals)


hulu

hulu (Jawi spelling هولو, plural hulu-hulu, informal 1st possessive huluku, 2nd possessive hulumu, 3rd possessive hulunya)

هولو (Jawi)
hulu-hulu (plural)
huluku (first-person informal possessive)
hulumu (possessive second-person)
hulunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: hulu

zh-l

烏魯／乌鲁 (Wūlǔ)

→ Chinese: 烏魯／乌鲁 (Wūlǔ)

→ English: ulu

From Proto-Malayic *hulu(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qulu, from Proto-Austronesian *qulu, doublet of ulu. Head sense mainly replaced by kepala but preserved in court language.

(anatomy, obsolete) head (part of the body)


keju

ms-noun

keju (Jawi spelling کيجو, plural keju-keju, informal 1st possessive kejuku, 2nd possessive kejumu, 3rd possessive kejunya)

کيجو (Jawi)
keju-keju (plural)
kejuku (first-person informal possessive)
kejumu (possessive second-person)
kejunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: keju

From Portuguese queijo, from Old Galician-Portuguese queijo, from Latin cāseus, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kwh₂et- (“to ferment, become sour”).


urat

ms-noun

urat (Jawi spelling اورت, plural urat-urat, informal 1st possessive uratku, 2nd possessive uratmu, 3rd possessive uratnya)

اورت (Jawi)
urat-urat (plural)
uratku (first-person informal possessive)
uratmu (possessive second-person)
uratnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: urat

From Proto-Malayic *urat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uʀat, from Proto-Austronesian *huʀaC. Doublet of otot.


tangan

tangan (Jawi spelling تاڠن, plural tangan-tangan, informal 1st possessive tanganku, 2nd possessive tanganmu, 3rd possessive tangannya)

تاڠن (Jawi)
tangan-tangan (plural)
tanganku (first-person informal possessive)
tanganmu (possessive second-person)
tangannya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: tangan

From Proto-Malayic *taŋan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taŋan. (compare Banjarese tangan, Iban tangan, Indonesian tangan, Minangkabau tangan).