Belgium

ms-proper noun

Bélgium (Jawi spelling بيلجيوم or بيلݢيوم)

Bélgium (canonical)
بيلجيوم (Jawi)
بيلݢيوم (Jawi)

Unadapted borrowing from English Belgium.

ubor

Belgium (a country in Western Europe that has borders with the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg and France)


Malaysia

مليسيا (Jawi)

→ Japanese: マライシア (Maraishia) (obsolete)

From English Malaysia, via Malays + -ia, the root being from Melayu.

orang Malaysia


Hungary

هوڠݢري (Jawi)

Unadapted borrowing from English Hungary.


Maldives

مالديۏ (Jawi)

Unadapted borrowing from English Maldives.

Maldives (an archipelago and country in South Asia, located in the Indian Ocean off the coast of India)


Indonesia

ايندونيسيا (Jawi)

Indonesia (a country and archipelago in maritime Southeast Asia)


Azerbaijan

See English Azerbaijan, from Ancient Greek Ἀτροπατηνή (Atropatēnḗ).

Azerbaijan (a country in the South Caucasus, Asia and Europe)


Brunei

Probably ultimately from Sanskrit वरुण (váruṇa), which also referred to the island of Borneo.


Syria

(Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei) Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


Armenia

From English Armenia, from Ancient Greek Ἀρμενία (Armenía), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎼𐎷𐎡𐎴 (a-r-mi-i-n /Armina/).

Armenia (A country in the South Caucasus region of Asia, sometimes considered to belong politically to Europe)


Croatia

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

(Malaysia) Croatia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Albania

From English Albania, from Byzantine Greek Ἀλβανία (Albanía).


Sri Lanka

From Sanskrit श्री लङ्का (śrī laṅkā, literally “holy island”).

der

Sri Lanka (an island and country in South Asia, off the coast of India)


China

From Middle Persian [script needed] (ṣīn, “Chinese; porcelain”), probably from Sanskrit चीन (cīna). The spelling is a carryover from the Za'aba Spelling used before 1972, to distinguish it from Cina (“Chinese people”).


Portugal

ڤورتوݢل (Jawi)

Borrowed from Portuguese Portugal, from Latin Portus Cale, former name of what is now the city of Vila Nova de Gaia.

Portugal (a country in Southern Europe, on the Iberian Peninsula)


Australia

From English Australia, from Latin terra austrālis incōgnita (“unknown southern land”), from auster (“the south wind”).

Australia (A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as a former colony in the British Empire)

(geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the islands of Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)


Johor

→ English: Johor, Johore


Terengganu

ترڠݢانو (Jawi)


Negeri Sembilan

ms-proper noun

Negeri Sembilan (Jawi spelling نݢري سمبيلن)

نݢري سمبيلن (Jawi)

→ English: Negeri Sembilan

negeri (“state”) + sembilan (“nine”).
The name was derived from nine original regions that the state formerly controlled, including Naning (now part of Melaka), Segamat (now part of Johor), Ulu Pahang (now part of Pahang), and Klang (now part of Selangor).


Sabah

Sabah (state in Malaysia): A state in eastern Malaysia located at the Northern part of the Borneo island with the main city Kota Kinabalu as its capital.


Pahang

Unknown, probably from Khmer ប៉ាហាំង (paahang, “tin”).


Labuan

لابوان (Jawi)

Labuan (a federal territory of Sabah, Malaysia)


Selangor

سلاڠور (Jawi)


Sarawak

From Sarawak Malay serawak (“antimony”). Doublet of serawak.


sungai

ms-noun

sungai (Jawi spelling سوڠاي or سوڠي, plural sungai-sungai, informal 1st possessive sungaiku, 2nd possessive sungaimu, 3rd possessive sungainya)

سوڠاي (Jawi)
سوڠي (Jawi)
sungai-sungai (plural)
sungaiku (first-person informal possessive)
sungaimu (possessive second-person)
sungainya (possessive third-person)

> Indonesian: sungai (inherited)

→ Chinese: 雙溪／双溪

river (large stream which drains a landmass)


Putrajaya

ڤوتراجاي (Jawi)

putra (“prince”) + jaya (“success”), ultimately from Sanskrit पुत्र (putra) + जय (jayá); from the name of the first Prime Minister of Malaysia, Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra.

Putrajaya (a federal territory in western Malaysia)

Putrajaya (the administrative capital of Malaysia)


Kota Bharu

کوت بهارو (Jawi)

Kota Bharu (the capital city of Kelantan, Malaysia)


Kuantan

کوانتن (Jawi)

Founded in the 1850s, mentioned by Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir (Munshi Abdullah) circa 1851/2.

Kuantan (the capital city of Pahang, Malaysia)


Kangar

Kangar (the capital city of Perlis, Malaysia)


Seremban

Seremban (the capital city of Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia)


Johor Bahru

جوهر بهرو (Jawi)

Johor Bahru (the capital city of Johor, Malaysia)


Kuching

Kuching (the capital city of Sarawak, Malaysia)


Kota Kinabalu

ms-proper noun

کوتا کينابالو

Kota Kinabalu (Jawi spelling کوتا کينابالو)

کوتا کينابالو (Jawi)

Kota Kinabalu (the capital city of Sabah, Malaysia)


Alor Setar

الور ستار (Jawi)

Alor Setar (the capital city of the state of Kedah, Malaysia)


Ipoh

→ English: Ipoh

→ Chinese: 怡保 (Yíbǎo)

From ipuh, from Proto-Malayic *hipuh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qipuq.

Ipoh (the capital city of the state of Perak, Malaysia)


Shah Alam

شاە عالم (Jawi)

From the name of the sultan of Selangor, Sultan Alam Shah.

Shah Alam (the capital city of Selangor, Malaysia)


Kuala Terengganu

کوالا ترڠݢانو

Kuala Terengganu (Jawi spelling کوالا ترڠݢانو)

کوالا ترڠݢانو (Jawi)

Kuala Terengganu
Kuala Terengganu#English

Kuala Terengganu (the capital city of Terengganu, Malaysia)


Kuala Lumpur

Kuala Lumpur (Jawi spelling کوالا لمڤور)

کوالا لمڤور (Jawi)

Kuala Lumpur (the capital city of Malaysia)

Kuala Lumpur (a federal territory of Malaysia)


kali

ms-noun

kali (Jawi spelling کالي, plural kali-kali, informal 1st possessive kaliku, 2nd possessive kalimu, 3rd possessive kalinya)

کالي (Jawi)
kali-kali (plural)
kaliku (first-person informal possessive)
kalimu (possessive second-person)
kalinya (possessive third-person)

From Javanese ꦏꦭꦶ (kali), from Old Javanese kali.


Jakarta

Jakarta (a province and capital city of Indonesia)


Bali

Bali (an island and province of Indonesia)


George Town

جورج تاءون (Jawi)

Unadapted borrowing from English George Town.

ubor

George Town (the capital of Penang, Malaysia)

George Town (the capital of the Cayman Islands)


pulau

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pulaw. Compare Uneapa vulo (“land”).

Aqil dipulau oleh rakan sekelasnya.

Aqil is being ostracised by his classmates.


Rusia

From Medieval Latin Russia, from Old East Slavic Русь (Rusĭ, “Varangians, inhabitants of Rus”).

der

Russia (A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


Belanda

> Indonesian: Belanda (inherited)

→ Iban: Belanda

→ Tausug: Balanda'

→ Thai: วิลันดา (wí-lan-daa)

From Javanese ꦮꦭꦤ꧀ꦢ (walanda), from Portuguese Holanda (“Holland”), from Old Dutch holt lant (“woodland”).

Holland (a traditional region in the Netherlands formed by two modern provinces, North Holland and South Holland)

Holland, the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe)


Jerman

From English German, from Latin Germania.

Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany)


Praha

Prague (the capital city of the Czech Republic)


bandar

ms-noun

bandar (Jawi spelling باندر, plural bandar-bandar, informal 1st possessive bandarku, 2nd possessive bandarmu, 3rd possessive bandarnya)

باندر (Jawi)
bandar-bandar (plural)
bandarku (first-person informal possessive)
bandarmu (possessive second-person)
bandarnya (possessive third-person)

Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian

Indonesian: bandar

desctree

→ Javanese: ꦧꦤ꧀ꦢꦂ (bandar)
→ Indonesian: bandar (semantic loan)

From Persian بندر (bandar, “port, harbour”).


Türkiye

Unadapted borrowing from Turkish Türkiye.

ubor

Republic of Türkiye
Republic of Türkiye#English

(neologism, official, uncommon) A country located in Thrace in southeastern Europe and Anatolia in southwestern Asia. Official name: Republic of Türkiye. Capital: Ankara


Kanada

کانادا (Jawi)


danau

ms-noun

danau (Jawi spelling داناو, plural danau-danau, informal 1st possessive danauku, 2nd possessive danaumu, 3rd possessive danaunya)

داناو (Jawi)
danau-danau (plural)
danauku (first-person informal possessive)
danaumu (possessive second-person)
danaunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: danau

From Proto-Malayic *danaw (compare Indonesian danau), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *danaw, from Proto-Austronesian *danaw (“lake”).


Perak

From perak, from pirak, from Proto-Malayic *pirak.


Perancis

From Portuguese francês (“French”). Possible cognate to Malay perang (“blond”).


Rum

Borrowing from Persian روم or Arabic روم (Rūm), from Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom), from Ancient Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē), from Latin Roma (“Rome”).


Jepun

Indonesian: Jepun

→ Dutch: Japan (see there for further descendants)

→ Portuguese: Japão (see there for further descendants)

Japanese (pertaining to ethnic group or language)


Madagaskar

ماداݢاسکر (Jawi)

Madagascar (an island and country off the east coast of Africa)


Borneo

بورنيو (Jawi)


Kopenhagen

Copenhagen (the capital city of Denmark)


laut

laut (Jawi spelling لاٴوت, informal 1st possessive lautku, 2nd possessive lautmu, 3rd possessive lautnya)

لاٴوت (Jawi)
lautku (first-person informal possessive)
lautmu (possessive second-person)
lautnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: laut

From Proto-Malayic *laut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lahud, from Proto-Austronesian *lahud. Displaced earlier *tasik (“sea”) (now tasik (“lake”)). Cognates with Minangkabau lauik (“sea”), Javanese ꦭꦺꦴꦂ (lor, “north”), Balinese ᬮᭀᬢ᭄ (lot, “sea”), Ilocano laud (“west”). Doublet of lor.


Bandar Seri Begawan

ms-proper noun

بندر سري بݢاوان

Bandar Seri Begawan (Jawi spelling بندر سري بݢاوان)

بندر سري بݢاوان (Jawi)

Bandar Seri Begawan
Bandar Seri Begawan#English

Bandar Seri Begawan (the capital city of Brunei)


telaga

ms-noun

telaga (Jawi spelling تلاݢ, plural telaga-telaga, informal 1st possessive telagaku, 2nd possessive telagamu, 3rd possessive telaganya)

تلاݢ (Jawi)
telaga-telaga (plural)
telagaku (first-person informal possessive)
telagamu (possessive second-person)
telaganya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: telaga

→ Ternate: talaga

First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684AD. From Sanskrit तलक (talaka, “pond”), तडाग (taḍāga, “pond”).

short for telaga tahi (“water closet, lavatory; toilet”).


benua

benua (Jawi spelling بنوا, plural benua-benua, informal 1st possessive benuaku, 2nd possessive benuamu, 3rd possessive benuanya)

بنوا (Jawi)
benua-benua (plural)
benuaku (first-person informal possessive)
benuamu (possessive second-person)
benuanya (possessive third-person)

Baba Malay: benua

Indonesian: benua

From Proto-Malayic *bənua, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *banua, from Proto-Austronesian *banua. Cognate with Iban menua and Maori whenua.
First attested in the Kedukan Bukit inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (vanua).

benua China


tasik

tasik (Jawi spelling تاسيق, plural tasik-tasik, informal 1st possessive tasikku, 2nd possessive tasikmu, 3rd possessive tasiknya)

تاسيق (Jawi)
tasik-tasik (plural)
tasikku (first-person informal possessive)
tasikmu (possessive second-person)
tasiknya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: tasik

From Proto-Malayic *tasik, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tasik.


nusa

nusa (Jawi spelling نوسا, plural nusa-nusa, informal 1st possessive nusaku, 2nd possessive nusamu, 3rd possessive nusanya)

نوسا (Jawi)
nusa-nusa (plural)
nusaku (first-person informal possessive)
nusamu (possessive second-person)
nusanya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *nusa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *nusa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *nusa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nusa.

island (area of land completely surrounded by water)


bukit

bukit (Jawi spelling بوکيت, plural bukit-bukau, informal 1st possessive bukitku, 2nd possessive bukitmu, 3rd possessive bukitnya)

بوکيت (Jawi)
bukit-bukau (plural)
bukitku (first-person informal possessive)
bukitmu (possessive second-person)
bukitnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: bukit (“hill”)

→ Thai: ภูเก็ต (puu-gèt, “Phuket”)

From Proto-Malayic *bukit, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *bukit, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *bukit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bukij (compare Hiligaynon bukid, Waray-Waray bukid, Fijian buke, Maori puke), from Proto-Austronesian *bukij.


segara

segara (Jawi spelling سݢارا or سݢرا, plural segara-segara, informal 1st possessive segaraku, 2nd possessive segaramu, 3rd possessive segaranya)

سݢارا (Jawi)
سݢرا (Jawi)
segara-segara (plural)
segaraku (first-person informal possessive)
segaramu (possessive second-person)
segaranya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: segara

ocean (one of the five large bodies of water)


Siam

Indonesian: Siam

→ Pattani Malay: سيٍّي / ซีแย

(historical) Siam (The former name of Thailand, a country in Southeast Asia)

(informal, esp. Northern Peninsular) Thailand (in its modern form)


Timor

From timur (“east”), from Proto-Malayic *timur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *timuʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *timuʀ.


Dalmatia

From English Dalmatia, from Latin Dalmatia.


Aceh

Aceh (a special autonomous province of Indonesia, located on the northern tip of the island of Sumatra)


Filipina

فيليڤينا (Jawi)

Philippines (a country in Southeast Asia)


Singapura

سيڠاڤورا (Jawi)

From Sanskrit सिंह (siṃhá, “lion”) and पुर (pura, “city”).

Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony)


Yunani

From Arabic اليُونَان (al-yūnān, “Greece”), from Persian یونان (yunân), from Ancient Greek Ἰωνία (Iōnía, “Ionia”).


pantai

pantai (Jawi spelling ڤنتاي, plural pantai-pantai, informal 1st possessive pantaiku, 2nd possessive pantaimu, 3rd possessive pantainya)

ڤنتاي (Jawi)
pantai-pantai (plural)
pantaiku (first-person informal possessive)
pantaimu (possessive second-person)
pantainya (possessive third-person)


Dominika

دومينيکا (Jawi)

Dominica (an island and country in the Caribbean)


gunung

gunung (Jawi spelling ݢونوڠ, plural gunung-ganang, informal 1st possessive gunungku, 2nd possessive gunungmu, 3rd possessive gunungnya)

ݢونوڠ (Jawi)
gunung-ganang (plural)
gunungku (first-person informal possessive)
gunungmu (possessive second-person)
gunungnya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *gunuŋ from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gunuŋ (compare Javanese ꦒꦸꦤꦸꦁ (gunung), Sundanese ᮌᮥᮔᮥᮀ (gunung)).

pergunungan [causative passive + timespan


Brunei Darussalam

ms-proper noun

بروني دارالسلام

Brunei Darussalam (Jawi spelling بروني دارالسلام)

بروني دارالسلام (Jawi)

Brunei Darussalam
Brunei Darussalam#English:_Q921

Brunei Darussalam (The official name of Brunei, a country in Southeast Asia)


lautan

ms-noun

lautan (Jawi spelling لاءوتن, plural lautan-lautan, informal 1st possessive lautanku, 2nd possessive lautanmu, 3rd possessive lautannya)

لاءوتن (Jawi)
lautan-lautan (plural)
lautanku (first-person informal possessive)
lautanmu (possessive second-person)
lautannya (possessive third-person)


Betlehem

Borrowed from English Bethlehem or Dutch Bethlehem, both from Latin Bēthlehēmum or Bēthleëm, from Ancient Greek Βηθλεέμ (Bēthleém), from Hebrew בֵּית לֶחֶם (bet léchem, “house of bread”).

der

(usually in Christianity) Bethlehem (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)


Nusantara

نوسانتارا (Jawi)

Borrowed either from Javanese ꦤꦸꦱꦤ꧀ꦠꦫ (Nusantara, “the islands, Indonesia”) or from Old Javanese nūsāntara (“the outer islands”). By surface analysis, blend of nusa + antara. Attested in a Malay Annals manuscript from 1808.

surface etymology

Nusantara (the planned capital city of Indonesia, in East Kalimantan)


Eropah

From English Europe, from Ancient Greek Εὐρώπη (Eurṓpē).


pelabuhan

ms-noun

pelabuhan (Jawi spelling ڤلابوهن, plural pelabuhan-pelabuhan, informal 1st possessive pelabuhanku, 2nd possessive pelabuhanmu, 3rd possessive pelabuhannya)

ڤلابوهن (Jawi)
pelabuhan-pelabuhan (plural)
pelabuhanku (first-person informal possessive)
pelabuhanmu (possessive second-person)
pelabuhannya (possessive third-person)

Johor-Selangor, Riau, Northern Peninsular Malay


kanyon

kanyon (Jawi spelling کنيون, plural kanyon-kanyon, informal 1st possessive kanyonku, 2nd possessive kanyonmu, 3rd possessive kanyonnya)

کنيون (Jawi)
kanyon-kanyon (plural)
kanyonku (first-person informal possessive)
kanyonmu (possessive second-person)
kanyonnya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from English canyon, from Spanish cañón.

canyon (a valley cut in rock by a river)


tanjung

tanjung (Jawi spelling تنجوڠ, plural tanjung-tanjung, informal 1st possessive tanjungku, 2nd possessive tanjungmu, 3rd possessive tanjungnya)

تنجوڠ (Jawi)
tanjung-tanjung (plural)
tanjungku (first-person informal possessive)
tanjungmu (possessive second-person)
tanjungnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: tanjung

→ Chinese: 丹戎 (Dānróng)

→ English: tanjung

→ Malagasy: tanjona


Mosko

Likely through Arabic, attested in the Hikayat Perang Setambul poem manuscript chronicling the Crimean War in the 19th century.

Moscow, the federal city, the capital of Russia.


lembah

lembah (Jawi spelling لمبه, plural lembah-lembah, informal 1st possessive lembahku, 2nd possessive lembahmu, 3rd possessive lembahnya)

لمبه (Jawi)
lembah-lembah (plural)
lembahku (first-person informal possessive)
lembahmu (possessive second-person)
lembahnya (possessive third-person)


selat

selat (Jawi spelling سلت, plural selat-selat, informal 1st possessive selatku, 2nd possessive selatmu, 3rd possessive selatnya)

سلت (Jawi)
selat-selat (plural)
selatku (first-person informal possessive)
selatmu (possessive second-person)
selatnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: selat

→ Chinese: 石叻 (Shílè, “Singapore”)

From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *selat (“narrow opening or passage between two things”). Cognates include Tagalog silat.


semenanjung

ms-noun

semenanjung (Jawi spelling سمننجوڠ, plural semenanjung-semenanjung, informal 1st possessive semenanjungku, 2nd possessive semenanjungmu, 3rd possessive semenanjungnya)

سمننجوڠ (Jawi)
semenanjung-semenanjung (plural)
semenanjungku (first-person informal possessive)
semenanjungmu (possessive second-person)
semenanjungnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: semenanjung

[səmənäɲd͡ʒʊŋ

Combination of se- + menanjung (“having an appearance similar to a cape”).

prefix

semenanjung Korea

semenanjung Malaysia

(geography) peninsula (a piece of land projecting into water)


Yaman

Indonesian: Yaman

Borrowed from Arabic اَلْيَمَن (al-yaman)

bor+

Yemen (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Butterworth

بتتروورث (Jawi)

Unadapted borrowing from English Butterworth, after William John Butterworth.

ubor

Butterworth (a city in Penang, Malaysia)


Venis

From English Venice, its Jawi form بينيس was made popular by Za'ba's translation of The Merchant of Venice in 1949.


Itali

إيتالي (Jawi)


Mesir

Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)


Amerika Syarikat

ms-proper noun

اميريکا شريکت

Amerika Syarikat (Jawi spelling اميريکا شريکت)

اميريکا شريکت (Jawi)

Calque of Indonesian Amerika Serikat. By surface analysis, compound of Amerika + syarikat.

surf

United States of America
United States of America#English

United States of America (a country in North America)


Kroasia

(Indonesia) Croatia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Sepanyol

سڤاڽول (Jawi)

From Dutch spanjool (“Spaniard”), from Spanish español, from Latin Hispānia.

Spain (a country in Southern Europe, including most of the Iberian peninsula)


batang

ms-noun

batang (Jawi spelling باتڠ, plural batang-batang, informal 1st possessive batangku, 2nd possessive batangmu, 3rd possessive batangnya)

باتڠ (Jawi)
batang-batang (plural)
batangku (first-person informal possessive)
batangmu (possessive second-person)
batangnya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *bataŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bataŋ.

a log; the trunk of a dead tree, cleared of branches

a branch, any of the parts of something that divides like the branch of a tree.

river (large stream which drains a landmass)


batang

Cognate of Balinese ᬯᬵᬢᬂ (watang, “cause”), Javanese ꦧꦠꦁ (batang, “to answer”).


Republik Afrika Tengah

republik (“republic”) + Afrika (“Africa”) + tengah (“center”)

Central African Republic
Central African Republic#English:_Q929

Central African Republic (a country in Central Africa)


Arab Saudi

Saudi Arabia (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Afrika Selatan

ms-proper noun

افريکا سلاتن

Afrika Selatan (Jawi spelling افريکا سلاتن)

افريکا سلاتن (Jawi)

South Africa (a country in Southern Africa)


bengawan

ms-noun

bengawan (Jawi spelling بڠاون, plural bengawan-bengawan, informal 1st possessive bengawanku, 2nd possessive bengawanmu, 3rd possessive bengawannya)

بڠاون (Jawi)
bengawan-bengawan (plural)
bengawanku (first-person informal possessive)
bengawanmu (possessive second-person)
bengawannya (possessive third-person)


Sungai Ujong

ms-proper noun

Sungai Ujong (Jawi spelling سوڠاي اوجوڠ)

سوڠاي اوجوڠ (Jawi)

Chinese: 芙蓉 (fúróng) (Mandarin: fúróng, Cantonese: fu4 jung4)

Seremban (the capital city of Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia)


Melaka

Probably after melaka (“Indian gooseberry”) that grows in the region.

Malacca (a state of Malaysia; capital and largest city: Malacca)

Malacca (the largest city, the state capital of Malacca, Malaysia)


Pulau Pinang

ڤولاو ڤينڠ (Jawi)

→ Burmese: ပီလောပီနံ (pilau:pinam)


Jesselton

Jesselton (the former name of Kota Kinabalu, the capital city of Sabah, Malaysia)


Arau

Arau (the royal capital of Perlis, Malaysia)


Langkawi

Blend of helang (“eagle”) + kawi (“reddish-brown”)


Lautan Teduh

Pacific Ocean (the world's largest body of water)


samudera

ms-noun

samudera (Jawi spelling سمودرا, plural samudera-samudera, informal 1st possessive samuderaku, 2nd possessive samuderamu, 3rd possessive samuderanya)

سمودرا (Jawi)
samudera-samudera (plural)
samuderaku (first-person informal possessive)
samuderamu (possessive second-person)
samuderanya (possessive third-person)


Port Dickson

ڤورت ديقسن (Jawi)

Port Dickson (a town and district of Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia)


segenting

segenting (Jawi spelling سݢنتيڠ, plural segenting-segenting, informal 1st possessive segentingku, 2nd possessive segentingmu, 3rd possessive segentingnya)

سݢنتيڠ (Jawi)
segenting-segenting (plural)
segentingku (first-person informal possessive)
segentingmu (possessive second-person)
segentingnya (possessive third-person)

A garden croton; a plant species of the genus Codiaeum.


Aljazair

الجزائر (Jawi)

(Indonesia) Algeria (a country in North Africa)


Turki

Borrowed from English Turkey, from Middle English Turkye, from Anglo-Norman Turkye, Medieval Latin Turcia, from Turcus (“Turk”), from Byzantine Greek Τοῦρκος (Toûrkos), from Classical Persian ترک (turk), from Middle Persian [script needed] (twlk' /Turk/), from Old Turkic 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜 (t²ür²k̥).

der

Turkey (a country located in Thrace in southeastern Europe and Anatolia in southwestern Asia)


Korea Utara

ms-proper noun

کوريا اوتارا

Korea Utara (Jawi spelling کوريا اوتارا)

کوريا اوتارا (Jawi)

North Korea (a country in East Asia, whose territory consists of the northern part of Korea)


Korea Selatan

Korea Selatan (Jawi spelling کوريا سلاتن)

کوريا سلاتن (Jawi)


Republik China

Républik China (Jawi spelling [[#Malay|]])

Républik China (canonical)
[[#Malay|]] (Jawi)

Republic of China
Republic of China#English:_Q865

Republic of China (a country in East Asia, modern-day Taiwan, the rump state left over from the Republic of China on the mainland after 1949)


Mekah

Mecca (a large city in the Hejaz, Saudi Arabia, the holiest place in Islam)


Tanjung Verde

Tanjung Verde (Jawi spelling تنجوڠ ۏردي)

تنجوڠ ۏردي (Jawi)

Cape Verde (an archipelago and country in West Africa)


teluk

ms-noun

teluk (Jawi spelling تلوق, plural teluk-teluk, informal 1st possessive telukku, 2nd possessive telukmu, 3rd possessive teluknya)

تلوق (Jawi)
teluk-teluk (plural)
telukku (first-person informal possessive)
telukmu (possessive second-person)
teluknya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təluk (“curved, as a shoreline”).


Habsyah

From Classical Malay حبشة (Habsyah), from Arabic اَلْحَبَشَة (al-ḥabaša).

(Malaysia) Ethiopia (a country in East Africa)


tebing

ms-noun

tebing (Jawi spelling تبيڠ, plural tebing-tebing, informal 1st possessive tebingku, 2nd possessive tebingmu, 3rd possessive tebingnya)

تبيڠ (Jawi)
tebing-tebing (plural)
tebingku (first-person informal possessive)
tebingmu (possessive second-person)
tebingnya (possessive third-person)


kepulauan

kepulauan (Jawi spelling کڤولاوان, plural kepulauan-kepulauan, informal 1st possessive kepulauanku, 2nd possessive kepulauanmu, 3rd possessive kepulauannya)

کڤولاوان (Jawi)
kepulauan-kepulauan (plural)
kepulauanku (first-person informal possessive)
kepulauanmu (possessive second-person)
kepulauannya (possessive third-person)

Kepulauan Melayu


cenuram

cenuram (Jawi spelling چنورم, plural cenuram-cenuram, informal 1st possessive cenuramku, 2nd possessive cenurammu, 3rd possessive cenuramnya)

چنورم (Jawi)
cenuram-cenuram (plural)
cenuramku (first-person informal possessive)
cenurammu (possessive second-person)
cenuramnya (possessive third-person)


muara

Indonesian: muara

mouth (the end of a river out of which water flows)


terusan

terusan (Jawi spelling تروسن, plural terusan-terusan, informal 1st possessive terusanku, 2nd possessive terusanmu, 3rd possessive terusannya)

تروسن (Jawi)
terusan-terusan (plural)
terusanku (first-person informal possessive)
terusanmu (possessive second-person)
terusannya (possessive third-person)

Terusan Suez


Kampar

→ English: Kampar

→ Chinese: 金寶／金宝 (jīnbǎo)

Kampar (a town in the state of Perak, Malaysia)


سيڠاڤورا

Jawi spelling of Singapura: Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony)


Palestin

ڤلسطين (Jawi)

From English Palestine, from Latin Palaestīna.


Iskandariah

اسکندرية (Jawi)

From Arabic الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّة (al-ʔiskandariyya).

bor

الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّة


Lubnan

Lebanon (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Golok

(sungai~) A river in Malaysia and Thailand that flows north-eastwards on the border of both countries.


gunung berapi

ms-noun

gunung berapi (plural gunung-gunung berapi, informal 1st possessive gunung berapiku, 2nd possessive gunung berapimu, 3rd possessive gunung berapinya)

gunung-gunung berapi (plural)
gunung berapi ku (first-person informal possessive)
gunung berapi mu (possessive second-person)
gunung berapi nya (possessive third-person)

From gunung (“mountain”) + berapi (“with fire”).


Laut Mati

لاءوت ماتي (Jawi)

Dead Sea (a highly saline lake in Israel, Palestine and Jordan)


Baitulmuqaddis

ms-proper noun

Baitulmuqaddis (Jawi spelling بيت المقدس)

بيت المقدس (Jawi)

From Arabic بَيْت الْمَقْدِس (bayt al-maqdis, “house of the place of worship, Al-Aqsa, Solomon's Temple”)

bor

بَيْت الْمَقْدِس

Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)


wahah

ms-noun

wahah (Jawi spelling واحة, plural wahah-wahah, informal 1st possessive wahahku, 2nd possessive wahahmu, 3rd possessive wahahnya)

واحة (Jawi)
wahah-wahah (plural)
wahahku (first-person informal possessive)
wahahmu (possessive second-person)
wahahnya (possessive third-person)


Padang Besar

ڤدڠ بسر (Jawi)

Padang Besar (a town in Perlis, Malaysia)


Teluk Intan

تلوق اينتن (Jawi)

→ English: Teluk Intan


Pangkal Pinang

→ English: Pangkal Pinang

Indonesian: Pangkalpinang

From compound of pengkal (“base”) + pinang (“betel nut, Areca catechu”).

compound

Bangka Belitung Islands
Bangka Belitung Islands#English

Pangkal Pinang (a city, the provincial capital of the Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia)


Tanah Seribu

Calque of Malagasy Antananarivo. Popularised in the 1990s.

Antananarivo (capital city of Madagascar)


Guinea Khatulistiwa

Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinea#English:_Q983

Equatorial Guinea (a country in Central Africa)


Persekutuan Mikronesia

ms-proper noun

ڤرسکوتوان ميکرونيسيا

Persekutuan Mikronesia (Jawi spelling ڤرسکوتوان ميکرونيسيا)

ڤرسکوتوان ميکرونيسيا (Jawi)

Federated States of Micronesia
Federated States of Micronesia#English

Federated States of Micronesia (a country in Oceania)


Kepulauan Solomon

کڤولاوان سولومون

Kepulauan Solomon (Jawi spelling کڤولاوان سولومون)

کڤولاوان سولومون (Jawi)

Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands#English:_Q685

Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands#English:_Q148966

Solomon Islands (A country consisting of the majority of the Solomon Islands archipelago in Melanesia, in Oceania, as well as the Santa Cruz Islands)

Solomon Islands (An archipelago in Melanesia, split between the countries of the Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea)


Kepulauan Marshall

کڤولاوان مارشال

Kepulauan Marshall (Jawi spelling کڤولاوان مارشال)

کڤولاوان مارشال (Jawi)

Marshall Islands
Marshall Islands#English:_Q709

Marshall Islands (A country consisting of two archipelagos in Micronesia, in Oceania)


Emiriah Arab Bersatu

أميرية عرب برساتو

Emiriah Arab Bersatu (Jawi spelling أميرية عرب برساتو)

أميرية عرب برساتو (Jawi)

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English:_Q878

United Arab Emirates (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Kota Vatikan

Kota Vatikan (Jawi spelling کوتا ۏاتيکن)

کوتا ۏاتيکن (Jawi)

Vatican City (a city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy)


Sudan Selatan

Sudan Selatan (Jawi spelling سودان سلاتن)

سودان سلاتن (Jawi)

South Sudan (a country in East Africa, formerly the southern part of Sudan)


Macedonia Utara

ماکيدونيا اوتارا

Macedonia Utara (Jawi spelling ماکيدونيا اوتارا)

ماکيدونيا اوتارا (Jawi)


Tanjong Malim

Tanjong Malim (Jawi spelling تنجوڠ ماليم)

تنجوڠ ماليم (Jawi)

Tanjong Malim (a town in Muallim district, Perak, Malaysia)


Tebing Barat

تبيڠ بارت (Jawi)

West Bank (a region of Palestine, claimed by both the State of Palestine and Israel)


Pelabuhan Klang

Pelabuhan Klang (Jawi spelling ڤلابوهن کلڠ)

ڤلابوهن کلڠ (Jawi)

Port Klang (a town and port in the Klang District, Selangor, Malaysia)


Puchong

From pucung (“heron”). The spelling is a carry-over from the Za'aba Spelling used before 1972.

Puchong (a town, a in the Petaling District, Selangor, Malaysia)


Slim River

سليم ريۏر (Jawi)

Slim River (a town in the Mualim District, Perak, Malaysia)


Petaling Jaya

Petaling Jaya (Jawi spelling ڤتاليڠ جاي)

ڤتاليڠ جاي (Jawi)

Petaling Jaya (a city in the Petaling District, Selangor, Malaysia)


Republik Czech

ريڤوبليک چيک

Républik Czech (Jawi spelling ريڤوبليک چيک)

Républik Czech (canonical)
ريڤوبليک چيک (Jawi)

Czech Republic
Czech Republic#English:_Q213

Czech Republic (a country in Central Europe)


Genting Gaza

Gaza Strip (A region in Palestine between Egypt and Israel)


Gangga

Riau-Lingga, Northern Peninsular Malay, Bahasa Baku


Chukai

From cukai (“tax”). The spelling is a carry-over from the Za'aba Spelling used before 1972.

Chukai (a town, the capital of the Kemaman District, Pahang, Malaysia)


Republik Filipina

ريڤوبليک فيليڤينا

Républik Filipina (Jawi spelling ريڤوبليک فيليڤينا)

Républik Filipina (canonical)
ريڤوبليک فيليڤينا (Jawi)

Republic of the Philippines#English:_Q928

Republic of the Philippines (Official name for Philippines.)


Republik Rakyat China

ريڤوبليک رعيت چينا

Républik Rakyat China (Jawi spelling ريڤوبليک رعيت چينا)

Républik Rakyat China (canonical)
ريڤوبليک رعيت چينا (Jawi)

People's Republic of China#English:_Q148

Republic of China
Republic of China#English

People's Republic of China (The official name of China, sometimes contrasted to the Republic of China (Taiwan).)


Timur Tengah

تيمور تڠه (Jawi)


Republik Demokratik Congo

ريڤوبليک ديموکراتيک کونݢو

Républik Démokratik Congo (Jawi spelling ريڤوبليک ديموکراتيک کونݢو)

Républik Démokratik Congo (canonical)
ريڤوبليک ديموکراتيک کونݢو (Jawi)

Democratic Republic of the Congo#English:_Q974

Democratic Republic of the Congo (a country in Central Africa)


Konoha

Borrowed from Indonesian Konoha, ultimately from Japanese 木ノ葉隠れ (“Hidden Leaf Village”), a fictional village mentioned in the Naruto franchise. Although its usage has been originated from Indonesia itself, it came to be commonly used in Malaysia as an ethnic slur against Indonesian citizens.

(derogatory, Internet slang, ethnic slur) Indonesia


Asia Tengah

اسيا تڠه (Jawi)