Belgium

ms-proper noun

Bélgium (Jawi spelling بيلجيوم or بيلݢيوم)

Bélgium (canonical)
بيلجيوم (Jawi)
بيلݢيوم (Jawi)

Unadapted borrowing from English Belgium.

ubor

Belgium (a country in Western Europe that has borders with the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg and France)


Malaysia

مليسيا (Jawi)

→ Japanese: マライシア (Maraishia) (obsolete)

From English Malaysia, via Malays + -ia, the root being from Melayu.

orang Malaysia


Hungary

هوڠݢري (Jawi)

Unadapted borrowing from English Hungary.


Maldives

مالديۏ (Jawi)

Unadapted borrowing from English Maldives.

Maldives (an archipelago and country in South Asia, located in the Indian Ocean off the coast of India)


Indonesia

ايندونيسيا (Jawi)

Indonesia (a country and archipelago in maritime Southeast Asia)


Azerbaijan

See English Azerbaijan, from Ancient Greek Ἀτροπατηνή (Atropatēnḗ).

Azerbaijan (a country in the South Caucasus, Asia and Europe)


Brunei

Probably ultimately from Sanskrit वरुण (váruṇa), which also referred to the island of Borneo.


Syria

(Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei) Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


Armenia

From English Armenia, from Ancient Greek Ἀρμενία (Armenía), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎼𐎷𐎡𐎴 (a-r-mi-i-n /Armina/).

Armenia (A country in the South Caucasus region of Asia, sometimes considered to belong politically to Europe)


Croatia

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

(Malaysia) Croatia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Albania

From English Albania, from Byzantine Greek Ἀλβανία (Albanía).


Sri Lanka

From Sanskrit श्री लङ्का (śrī laṅkā, literally “holy island”).

der

Sri Lanka (an island and country in South Asia, off the coast of India)


China

From Middle Persian [script needed] (ṣīn, “Chinese; porcelain”), probably from Sanskrit चीन (cīna). The spelling is a carryover from the Za'aba Spelling used before 1972, to distinguish it from Cina (“Chinese people”).


Portugal

ڤورتوݢل (Jawi)

Borrowed from Portuguese Portugal, from Latin Portus Cale, former name of what is now the city of Vila Nova de Gaia.

Portugal (a country in Southern Europe, on the Iberian Peninsula)


Johor

→ English: Johor, Johore


Terengganu

ترڠݢانو (Jawi)


Negeri Sembilan

ms-proper noun

Negeri Sembilan (Jawi spelling نݢري سمبيلن)

نݢري سمبيلن (Jawi)

→ English: Negeri Sembilan

negeri (“state”) + sembilan (“nine”).
The name was derived from nine original regions that the state formerly controlled, including Naning (now part of Melaka), Segamat (now part of Johor), Ulu Pahang (now part of Pahang), and Klang (now part of Selangor).


Sabah

Sabah (state in Malaysia): A state in eastern Malaysia located at the Northern part of the Borneo island with the main city Kota Kinabalu as its capital.


Pahang

Unknown, probably from Khmer ប៉ាហាំង (paahang, “tin”).


Selangor

سلاڠور (Jawi)


Sarawak

From Sarawak Malay serawak (“antimony”). Doublet of serawak.


Bali

Bali (an island and province of Indonesia)


Rusia

From Medieval Latin Russia, from Old East Slavic Русь (Rusĭ, “Varangians, inhabitants of Rus”).

der

Russia (A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


Belanda

> Indonesian: Belanda (inherited)

→ Iban: Belanda

→ Tausug: Balanda'

→ Thai: วิลันดา (wí-lan-daa)

From Javanese ꦮꦭꦤ꧀ꦢ (walanda), from Portuguese Holanda (“Holland”), from Old Dutch holt lant (“woodland”).

Holland (a traditional region in the Netherlands formed by two modern provinces, North Holland and South Holland)

Holland, the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe)


Jerman

From English German, from Latin Germania.

Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany)


Praha

Prague (the capital city of the Czech Republic)


Perak

From perak, from pirak, from Proto-Malayic *pirak.


Perancis

From Portuguese francês (“French”). Possible cognate to Malay perang (“blond”).


Rum

Borrowing from Persian روم or Arabic روم (Rūm), from Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom), from Ancient Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē), from Latin Roma (“Rome”).


Kopenhagen

Copenhagen (the capital city of Denmark)


Siam

Indonesian: Siam

→ Pattani Malay: سيٍّي / ซีแย

(historical) Siam (The former name of Thailand, a country in Southeast Asia)

(informal, esp. Northern Peninsular) Thailand (in its modern form)


Aceh

Aceh (a special autonomous province of Indonesia, located on the northern tip of the island of Sumatra)


Filipina

فيليڤينا (Jawi)

Philippines (a country in Southeast Asia)


Singapura

سيڠاڤورا (Jawi)

From Sanskrit सिंह (siṃhá, “lion”) and पुर (pura, “city”).

Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony)


Yunani

From Arabic اليُونَان (al-yūnān, “Greece”), from Persian یونان (yunân), from Ancient Greek Ἰωνία (Iōnía, “Ionia”).


Brunei Darussalam

ms-proper noun

بروني دارالسلام

Brunei Darussalam (Jawi spelling بروني دارالسلام)

بروني دارالسلام (Jawi)

Brunei Darussalam
Brunei Darussalam#English:_Q921

Brunei Darussalam (The official name of Brunei, a country in Southeast Asia)


Yaman

Indonesian: Yaman

Borrowed from Arabic اَلْيَمَن (al-yaman)

bor+

Yemen (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Venis

From English Venice, its Jawi form بينيس was made popular by Za'ba's translation of The Merchant of Venice in 1949.


Itali

إيتالي (Jawi)


Mesir

Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)


Kroasia

(Indonesia) Croatia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Sepanyol

سڤاڽول (Jawi)

From Dutch spanjool (“Spaniard”), from Spanish español, from Latin Hispānia.

Spain (a country in Southern Europe, including most of the Iberian peninsula)


Arab Saudi

Saudi Arabia (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Melaka

Probably after melaka (“Indian gooseberry”) that grows in the region.

Malacca (a state of Malaysia; capital and largest city: Malacca)


Pulau Pinang

ڤولاو ڤينڠ (Jawi)

→ Burmese: ပီလောပီနံ (pilau:pinam)


Langkawi

Blend of helang (“eagle”) + kawi (“reddish-brown”)


Turki

Borrowed from English Turkey, from Middle English Turkye, from Anglo-Norman Turkye, Medieval Latin Turcia, from Turcus (“Turk”), from Byzantine Greek Τοῦρκος (Toûrkos), from Classical Persian ترک (turk), from Middle Persian [script needed] (twlk' /Turk/), from Old Turkic 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜 (t²ür²k̥).

der

Turkey (a country located in Thrace in southeastern Europe and Anatolia in southwestern Asia)


kopitiam

ms-noun

kopitiam (Jawi spelling کوڤيتيام, plural kopitiam-kopitiam, informal 1st possessive kopitiamku, 2nd possessive kopitiammu, 3rd possessive kopitiamnya)

کوڤيتيام (Jawi)
kopitiam-kopitiam (plural)
kopitiamku (first-person informal possessive)
kopitiammu (possessive second-person)
kopitiamnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: kopitiam

→ English: kopitiam


Korea Utara

ms-proper noun

کوريا اوتارا

Korea Utara (Jawi spelling کوريا اوتارا)

کوريا اوتارا (Jawi)

North Korea (a country in East Asia, whose territory consists of the northern part of Korea)


Korea Selatan

Korea Selatan (Jawi spelling کوريا سلاتن)

کوريا سلاتن (Jawi)


Republik China

Républik China (Jawi spelling [[#Malay|]])

Républik China (canonical)
[[#Malay|]] (Jawi)

Republic of China
Republic of China#English:_Q865

Republic of China (a country in East Asia, modern-day Taiwan, the rump state left over from the Republic of China on the mainland after 1949)


Negara Brunei Darussalam

نݢارا بروني دارالسلام

Negara Brunei Darussalam (Jawi spelling نݢارا بروني دارالسلام)

نݢارا بروني دارالسلام (Jawi)

Negara Brunei Darussalam
Negara Brunei Darussalam#English:_Q921

Negara Brunei Darussalam (the full name of the nation of Brunei)


Jalur Gemilang

Jalur Gemilang (Jawi spelling جالور ݢميلڠ)

جالور ݢميلڠ (Jawi)

Jalur + Gemilang. Literally means "glorious stripes".


Ang Mo Kio

Anggota Parlimen Ang Mo Kio, Encik Yeo Toon Chia akan merasmikan pengundian penjualan 975 unit flet jenis tiga, empat dan lima bilik di Bandar Ang Mo Kio pada 2.00 petang esok.

1978 March 26, “Yeo rasmikan undi flat Ang Mo Kio [Yeo officiates voting of Ang Mo Kio flats]”, in Berita Harian, Singapore, page 2:

Member of Parliament for Ang Mo Kio, Mr. Yeo Toon Chia will officiate voting for the sale of 975 units of three, four and five-room flats in Ang Mo Kio town at 2.00 pm tomorrow.


سيڠاڤورا

Jawi spelling of Singapura: Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony)


Palestin

ڤلسطين (Jawi)

From English Palestine, from Latin Palaestīna.


Lubnan

Lebanon (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Malaysia Boleh

→ English: Bolehland

Malaysia + boleh. Coined by Malaysian politician and sports administrator Hamzah Abu Samah in 1993 as a marketing slogan for the chocolate drink brand MILO and to support local athletes during the 1993 SEA Games in Singapore. Popularised by Dr. Mahathir Mohamad as a catchphrase for Vision 2020.
With the rise of social media websites in the 2000's, the phrase was later used in a sarcastic way.

coinage

(Malaysia) "Malaysia can [do it]", an expression of patriotism or national pride.


(Malaysia) Abbreviation of Negeri Sembilan.


Yang di-Pertuan Agong

ms-proper noun

يڠ دڤرتوان اݢوڠ

Yang di-Pertuan Agong (Jawi spelling يڠ دڤرتوان اݢوڠ)

يڠ دڤرتوان اݢوڠ (Jawi)

(Malaysian politics) Yang di-Pertuan Agong (paramount monarch of Malaysia).


Hari Kebangsaan

(Brunei) National Day of Brunei, which is held on February 23.

(Malaysia) Independence Day of Malaysia, which is held on August 31.

Saya beruntung kerana terdapat ramai orang Singapura - kira-kira 3,000 - yang menetap di UAE, dan komuniti Melayu Singapura di sana sangat aktif dan selalu bersua muka dalam pelbagai acara, terutama bagi sambutan Hari Kebangsaan!

2022 August 9, Rubiah Mohd, “Lebih kenali jati diri bila jauh di perantauan”, in Berita Harian (Singapore):

I feel lucky because there are many Singaporeans - about 3,000 - living in the UAE, and the Singaporean Malay community there is very active and always meet in various events, especially for the National Day celebration!

(Singapore) National Day of Singapore, which is held on August 9.


Emiriah Arab Bersatu

أميرية عرب برساتو

Emiriah Arab Bersatu (Jawi spelling أميرية عرب برساتو)

أميرية عرب برساتو (Jawi)

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English:_Q878

United Arab Emirates (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Kota Vatikan

Kota Vatikan (Jawi spelling کوتا ۏاتيکن)

کوتا ۏاتيکن (Jawi)

Vatican City (a city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy)


Macedonia Utara

ماکيدونيا اوتارا

Macedonia Utara (Jawi spelling ماکيدونيا اوتارا)

ماکيدونيا اوتارا (Jawi)


Republik Czech

ريڤوبليک چيک

Républik Czech (Jawi spelling ريڤوبليک چيک)

Républik Czech (canonical)
ريڤوبليک چيک (Jawi)

Czech Republic
Czech Republic#English:_Q213

Czech Republic (a country in Central Europe)


Gangga

Riau-Lingga, Northern Peninsular Malay, Bahasa Baku


Republik Filipina

ريڤوبليک فيليڤينا

Républik Filipina (Jawi spelling ريڤوبليک فيليڤينا)

Républik Filipina (canonical)
ريڤوبليک فيليڤينا (Jawi)

Republic of the Philippines#English:_Q928

Republic of the Philippines (Official name for Philippines.)


Republik Rakyat China

ريڤوبليک رعيت چينا

Républik Rakyat China (Jawi spelling ريڤوبليک رعيت چينا)

Républik Rakyat China (canonical)
ريڤوبليک رعيت چينا (Jawi)

People's Republic of China#English:_Q148

Republic of China
Republic of China#English

People's Republic of China (The official name of China, sometimes contrasted to the Republic of China (Taiwan).)


Timur Tengah

تيمور تڠه (Jawi)


Nismilan

(slang, informal) Negeri Sembilan (state in Malaysia)


Asia Tengah

اسيا تڠه (Jawi)