Nacht

From Middle Low German nacht, from Old Saxon naht, from Proto-West Germanic *naht, from Proto-Germanic *nahts (“night”), from Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts (“night”).


Auge

Augen (plural)
Äoge (alternative Lippisch also)
äuge (alternative)

From Middle Low German ôge, from Old Saxon ōga.


eend

From Middle Low German aned, from Old Saxon anud.


Krieg

Kriegen (plural)
Krig (alternative)
Kreyg (alternative)
Kryg (alternative)

From Middle Low German krîch, from Old Saxon krīg, from Proto-West Germanic *krīg.


Baum

Cognate to German Baum m, German Low German Boom, Hunsrik Baam.


Ohr

From Middle Low German ôre, from Old Saxon ōra, from Proto-West Germanic *auʀā, from the voiced Verner alternant of Proto-Germanic *ausô, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ows-.


Beet

(low Prussian) fine after losing a card game.

He ös beet

1938, Walther Ziesemer, Preußisches Wörterbuch: Sprache und Volkstum Nordostdeutschlands. 9-15. Entry "Bete".:

(low Prussian, figuratively, adjectival) losing a card game.


Beet

Middle Low German bēte, compare German Bete.


Fick

From Middle Low German vak, from Old Saxon fac, from Proto-West Germanic *fak.

Dor grep he dat Kniw in sine Fick.

Then he reached for the knife in his pocket.


Gör

From Middle Low German gȫre, from Old Saxon *gōra, from Proto-West Germanic *gaurā. Probably related to English girl.

(in some dialects) Child (of either sex).

(in some dialects) Child, especially a girl.


Hand

From Middle Low German hant, from Old Saxon hand, from Proto-West Germanic *handu, from Proto-Germanic *handuz.
Compare Dutch hand, English hand, West Frisian hân, Danish hånd, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌿𐍃 (handus).


Hunger

From Middle Low German hunger, from Old Saxon hungar, from Proto-West Germanic *hungr, from Proto-Germanic *hungruz. Compare High German Hunger, Dutch honger, English hunger, Swedish hunger.


Mutter

mother; Alternative form of Mauder (North-Westphalian, Menslage, Mecklenburgisch)


Va

Et was Kruichstuid un iuse Va was in Rußland intoag'n.

2021, Wilhelm Knicker, Plattdütske Votellsels iut iusen Ravensberger Lanne in un ümme Mennighüffen: Plattdeutsche Geschichten aus dem Ravensberger Land in und um Mennighüffen, page 11:

It was wartime and our father was inducted to Russia.


Weg

From Middle Low German wech, from Old Saxon weg, from Proto-West Germanic *weg. Cognate with West Frisian wei, English way.


Falk

From Middle Low German valke, falke, from Old Saxon falko, from Proto-West Germanic *falkō. More at falcon.


Schaden

From Middle Low German scade, from Old Saxon skatho, from Proto-West Germanic *skaþō. Compare Dutch schade, English scathe, German Schaden.

(en Schaden hebben, colloquial, derogatory) to be mentally deficient


Morgen

Morgen (plural)
Mörgen (alternative)
Moärgen (alternative)
Morren (alternative)
Morr'n (alternative)
Morrn (alternative)

From Middle Low German morgen, from Old Saxon morgan.
Compare German Morgen, Dutch morgen, West Frisian moarn, English morn, morrow, Danish morgen, Swedish morgon.


Schuld

From Middle Low German schult, from Old Saxon skuld, from Proto-West Germanic *skuldi, from Proto-Germanic *skuldiz.


Lippe

From Middle Low German lippe, from Old Saxon *lippia, from Proto-West Germanic *lippjō.


Leid

From Middle Low German *lēt, from Old Saxon lioth, from Proto-West Germanic *leuþ. Cognate to Lied n (“song”).


Eiland

From Middle Low German eilant, from Old Frisian eiland, from Proto-West Germanic *auwjuland, from Proto-Germanic *awjōlandą. Compare German Eiland, Dutch eiland, English island, Icelandic eyland.


Farwe

Farwen (plural)
Farw (alternative)
Farv (alternative)
Farve (alternative)

From Middle Low German varwe.
Cognate with Old High German farawa (“color”) (German Farbe), Old High German faro (“colored”), Latin pulcher (“beautiful, sheen”), Ancient Greek περκνός (perknós, “multicolored”), Old Irish earc (“spotted”).


Deel

From Middle Low German dēl, deil, from Old Saxon dēl, from Proto-West Germanic *daili, cognate with English deal, Dutch deel and Swedish, Norwegian, Danish del.


Deel

From Middle Low German dēle, from Old Saxon thili, from Proto-Germanic *þiljǭ. More at thill.


Lidd

Leden (plural)
Lid (alternative alternative)

From Middle Low German lid, from Proto-Germanic *lidą. Cognate with German Glied, Dutch lid.


Wahnhuus

head

Wahnhuus n (plural Wahnhüüs or Wahnhüser)

residence, dwelling house, residential house


Schüün

Schünen (plural)
Schüne (alternative)
schuune (alternative)


Paveluun

Paveluuns (plural)
Pagelun (alternative)
Pageluun (alternative)
Pau (alternative)
Paulun (alternative)
Pauluun (alternative)
Pollun (alternative)


Orlog

Related to Dutch oorlog, Icelandic örlög and Danish orlog. See the German for more.


Urlog

Probably from the same root as Old Saxon werran (“confuse, perplex”).


Wöörlist

word list, word-list, wordlist, list of words


Töver

From Middle Low German tôver, from Old Saxon *tōvar, from Proto-West Germanic *taubr, from Proto-Germanic *taubrą.


Holtduuv

Columba palumbus
Columba palumbus#Translingual


Levend

From Middle Low German lēvent. Gerund of leven (“to live”).


Fleddermuus

Fleddermüüs (plural)
Fladdermuus (alternative)
Fliddermuus (alternative)

Cognate to German Fledermaus, Danish flagermus, Norwegian flaggermus, Swedish fladdermus


Fleddermüüs

Fladdermüüs (alternative)
Fliddermüüs (alternative)


Fladdermüüs

Fleddermüüs (alternative)
Fliddermüüs (alternative)


Fliddermüüs

Fladdermüüs (alternative)
Fleddermüüs (alternative)


Mullworpen

Mullwarpen (alternative)
Winnwarpen (alternative)
Winnworpen (alternative)


Platt

up Platt (op Platt)

Platt snacken (Platt schnacken; cp. platt snacken, platt schnacken), Platt spräken


Plattdüütsch

/pɫɑʈdyːt͡ʃ/

Alternative form of Plattdütsch; Low German (West Germanic language)


Tüügnis

From tügen + -nis, related to German Zeugnis and Dutch getuigenis.


Tüüg

From Middle Low German tǖge, tǖch m. Cognate with German Zeuge, Dutch getuige.


Tüüg

From Middle Low German tǖch n. Cognate with German Zeug, Dutch tuig.


Tügin

witness f (Tüügsche is more common than Tügin)


Toll

From Middle Low German tol, from Old Saxon tol, from Proto-West Germanic *toll, from Proto-Germanic *tullaz. Related to German Zoll, Dutch tol, English toll.

authority collecting that duty (customs)


Töllner

From Toll + -er, related to German Zöllner.


Töllnerin

From Töllner + -in, related to German Zöllnerin.


Sang

From Middle Low German sank, from Old Saxon sang, from Proto-West Germanic *sangu.
Cognate with Old High German sanc (German Gesang (“singing”)), Old Norse sǫngr. Modern cognates include English song and Swedish sång. Related to singen (“to sing”).


Geföhl

ge- + föhlen. Akin to German Gefühl, Dutch gevoel.


Föhl

feeling (Geföhl is more common than Föhl)


Lief

Liever (plural)
Liev (alternative)
Lif (alternative)
Liv (alternative)

From Middle Low German lîf, from Old Saxon līf, from Proto-West Germanic *līb. Cognate with Dutch lijf (“body”), English life, German Leib (“body”), Swedish liv (“waist, life”).

in'n Liev

dat in't Lief hebben

(in particular) the stomach, the belly; the abdomen, the trunk


Schaad

From Middle Low German schāde, scade, from Old Saxon skatho.
Compare Dutch schade, English scathe, German Schade. See also Schaden.


Schadenmaker

Schaden (“damage, harm”) + Maker (“maker”).


Schadenmakersche

head

Schadenmakersche f (plural Schadenmakerschen)


Schadenmakerin

Schadenmakerin f (plural Schadenmakerinnen)


Scheperin

From Scheper + -in, related to German Schäferin.


Wickersche

From Wicker + -sche. Related to English witch.


Wicker

From wicken + -er. Related to English witch and wizard.


Gemeenschop

From + -schop, related to German Gemeinschaft and Dutch gemeenschap.


Gemeenheit

From gemeen + -heit, related to German Gemeinheit.


Gemeen

From Gemeende with loss of the final d-syllable, related to German Gemeinde and Dutch gemeente.


Gemeende

From Middle Low German gemênede, from Old Saxon gimēnitha. Corresponds to gemeen + -de.


Geboortsdatum

Geboort (“birth”) + Datum (“date”). Cognate with German Geburtsdatum, Dutch geboortedatum.


Gebett

From Old Saxon gibed, compare German Gebet, Dutch gebed, Old English ġebed.


Överstünn

From över- + Stünn, related to German Überstunden.


Waterböverflach

Waterböverflach n (plural Waterböverflachen or Waterböverflääg)

Waterböverflachen (plural)
Waterböverflääg (plural)


Flach

Cognate with German Fläche, Dutch vlak. Related to flack.


Oordeel

From Middle Low German ôrdêl, from Old Saxon urdēli, from Proto-Germanic *uzdailiją (“judicial decision; verdict; judgement”). Cognate with German Urteil, Dutch oordeel and English ordeal.


Övel

Related to German Übel, Dutch euvel, English evil.


Ogenblick

moment, blink of an eye (very short period of time)


Oog

From Middle Low German ōge, from Old Saxon ōga.


Goonsdag

Goonsdaag (plural)
Godenstag (alternative)
Gonstag (alternative)
Gaunstag (alternative)
Gunstag (alternative)

From Middle Low German gôdenesdach, alteration of Old Saxon wōdanesdag, from Proto-West Germanic *Wōdanas dag (“day of Woden”). Related to Limburgish goonsdag.


Männeken

head

Männeken n (plural Männekens or Männekes or Männeken)

Männekens (plural)
Männekes (plural)
Männeken (plural)
männeken (alternative)

From Mann (“man”) and -ken with an additional e.


Jöögd

From Old Saxon juguth. Compare English youth, Dutch jeugd, German Jugend.


Döst

From earlier Dörst, from Middle Low German dörst, from Old Saxon thurst. Cognate with German Durst, Dutch dorst, English thirst.


Watersnoot

From Water + Noot. Cognate with Dutch watersnood.


Waterflach

Waterflach n (plural Waterflachen or Waterflääg)

Waterflachen (plural)
Waterflääg (plural)


Seeschippfohrt

Seeschippfohrt f (plural Seeschippfohrten)


Dünnerdag

Dünnerdaag (plural)
Donnerdag (alternative)
Donnersdag (alternative)
Dönnerdag (alternative)
Dönnersdag (alternative)
Dunnerdag (alternative)
Dunnerdag (alternative)
Dünnersdag (alternative)

Related to German Donnerstag, Dutch donderdag.


Gespreek

Gespreken (plural)
gespreak (alternative)
gesprek (alternative)


Weder

From Old Saxon wedar, from Proto-Germanic *wedrą, from Proto-Indo-European *wedʰrom. Compare German Wetter, Dutch weder, weer, English weather, Danish vejr.


Dunner

From Middle Low German dunner, from Old Saxon thunar, from Proto-West Germanic *þunr. Compare Dutch donder, English thunder, German Donner.


Spaaß

From High German Spaß, from Italian spasso.


Kruut

From Middle Low German krût, from Old Saxon krūd, from Proto-West Germanic *krūd.

herb; useful plant; plant used to flavour food, or for medicinal effect

(botany) plant, the above-ground portions of which are not woody


Tied

Tieden (plural)
Tid (alternative)
Tîd (alternative)
Tihd (alternative)
Tiet (alternative)
Teyt (alternative Paderbornisch)
Tuid (alternative)

From Middle Low German tît, from Old Saxon tīd, from Proto-West Germanic *tīdi, from Proto-Germanic *tīdiz, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₂itis (“time, period”), from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂y- (“to divide, part”), or from Proto-Indo-European *dīti- (“time, period”), from *dī- (“time”). Cognate with Dutch tijd, English tide, West Frisian tyd, tiid, Afrikaans tyd, High German Zeit.


Paparz

Cognate with Polish paprocz and Lithuanian papartis

Dryopteris filix-mas
Dryopteris filix-mas#Translingual

(Low Prussian) male fern (Polystichum filix-mas Roth = Dryopteris filix-mas)


Powirp

* Cognate with Lithuanian pawirpas and Old Prussian powirps “free”.

(regional: Low Prussian) day laborer who is not indentured to anybody and who does not live in a rented accommodation (Losmann); freeman, laborer, day laborer who is not indentured to a master but does live in a rented accommodation (Frîmann); rural laborer who is not indentured to anybody


Kurp

Borrowed from Polish kurp (“bast shoe”), also cognate with Lithuanian kurpė (“shoe”).


Johr

head

Johr n (genitive Johrs, dative Johr, plural Johren, dative Johren)

Johrs (genitive)
Johr (dative)
Johren (plural)
Johren (dative)
Jår (alternative)
Jåhr (alternative)
Jahr (alternative)
Jaohr (alternative)

Fritz Reuter, Kein Hüsung
De sünst des Johrs in Noth un Leid,
In Lumpen dörch de Welt hingeiht[.]

Frühjohr

adverbial genitive Frühjohrs, derived terms include Frühjohrs-Abend, Frühjohrstid


Johr

Johr n (genitive Johres, dative Johre, plural Johre, rarely Johr', dative Johren)

Johres (genitive)
Johre (dative)
Johre (plural)
Johr' (rare)
Johren (dative)
Jår (alternative)
Jåhr (alternative)
Jahr (alternative)
Jaohr (alternative)

[Trängsaldot(e) Mattigges Pappstoffel:] „Nä, ik sin den Hiärwest dessülftigen Johres instellt.“
Goäd müge iusen ehrwürdigen un glorryken Kaiser nau lange Johre am Liewen erhallen!
Sei is in Meisenheim im Johre achtteihnhunnert drütteihne im Hiuse öhres Schwogers stoärwen[.]

1877, Lähm up! Wat de Trängsaldote Mattigges Pappstoffel, dei met synem Pasteoer im Franßeosenlanne wiäsen is anplatz Köster, vam grauten Kryge to vertellen weit. Erlebnisse im Feldzuge 1870 bis 1871 im Paderborner Dialekt mitgetheilt von einem Sohne der rothen Erde. (Neue Folge des „Niu lustert mol!“), p. 10, 139, 150

She died in Meisenheim in the year 1813 in the hourse of her brother-in-law.


Johr

Johr n (dative Johre or Johr, plural Johre or Johr' or Johr, dative Johren)

Johre (dative)
Johr (dative)
Johre (plural)
Johr' (plural)
Johr (plural)
Johren (dative)
Jår (alternative)
Jåhr (alternative)
Jahr (alternative)
Jaohr (alternative)


Nahwer

Naber (alternative)
Nabur (alternative)
Nabber (alternative)
Nahber (alternative)
Naober (alternative)
nåber (alternative)


Kluuster

(astronomy) A group or cluster of stars or galaxies


Spegel

From Middle Low German spêgel, speigel, spîgel, from Old Saxon spēgal, spiagal, from Latin speculum (“mirror”).


Smacht

From Middle Low German smacht (“great hunger”). Cognate with German Schmacht (Middle High German smaht, smacht).


Isel

En Isel, dei Dukoten schitt,
Diän hett wey Paderbüörnsken nit,
Doch gift et Isels genaug in der Welt,

1921, Zwei Mark. Paderborn, den 10. Nov. 1921 (Notgeld)

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


Plattdütsch

The second part is from Dütsch (“German”).
The word is cognate to German Plattdeutsch.

Pladdütsch (alternative)
Platdütsch (alternative)
Plattdüütsch (alternative)
Plattdüütsk (alternative)
Plattdüts (alternative)
Plattdietsch (alternative)
Plattdüütsk (alternative)
Plattdütsk (alternative)
Plattduitsch (alternative)

Münsterländisch: plattdütsk Spraoke

Westphalian: plattdütsch Sproke (regional)

Hauchduitsch and also but rarer Hauchduitsk


Faut

head

Faut m (dative Faute or Faut, plural Fäute or Fäut or Feute, dative plural Fäuten, diminutive Fäutken, plural Fäutkens)

Faute (dative)
Faut (dative)
Fäute (plural)
Fäut (plural)
Feute (plural)
Fäuten (dative plural)
Fäutken (diminutive)
Fäutkens (plural)
Fot (alternative)
Foot (alternative)
Feot (alternative)
Feote (alternative)
Feot (alternative)
Foite (alternative)
Foiten (alternative)

From Middle Low German vôt, from Old Saxon fōt, from Proto-Germanic *fōts, from Proto-Indo-European *pṓds. Cognate with German Fuß and English foot.


Faut

Faut m (dative Faute, plural Faite or Fait', dative plural Faiten, diminutive Faitken)

Faute (dative)
Faite (plural)
Fait' (plural)
Faiten (dative plural)
Faitken (diminutive)
Fot (alternative)
Foot (alternative)
Feot (alternative)
Feote (alternative)
Feot (alternative)
Foite (alternative)
Foiten (alternative)


Faut

Faut m (dative Faute, plural Faite, dimiutive Fäutken)

Faute (dative)
Faite (plural)
Fot (alternative)
Foot (alternative)
Feot (alternative)
Feote (alternative)
Feot (alternative)
Foite (alternative)
Foiten (alternative)

de faite in de hänne nȩmen

ö¸ver faut kuəmen

(Sauerländisch, Westphalian Märkisch) foot (anatomy)


Fent

From Middle Low German vent, from Old Saxon fendio, from Proto-West Germanic *fanþijō (“walker, walking”), from Proto-Indo-European *pent- (“to go, pass”). Compare West Frisian feint (“servant; fellow; boyfriend”) and Dutch vent (“chap; fellow”).


füür

From Middle Low German vü̂r, from Old Saxon fiur, from Proto-West Germanic *fuir, from Proto-Germanic *fōr, from Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥. Compare German Low German Füür, German Feuer, Dutch vuur, West Frisian fjoer, English fire, Danish fyr.

Hai sit dicht am füür.


keirl

Wek keirls fischa.

Ema eera keirl


Schmusterlachen

schmusterlachen

schmǖsterlachen (from Bersenbrück); smusterlachen (Hamburgisch, Holsteinisch), schmüüsterlachen (East Frisian), smuusterlachen, schmiuskerlachen (Lippisch)

smuustern

High German: schmunzeln; High German: schmunzeln; High German: kosen

schmunstern () (Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch); schmiuskern (Lippisch); smäustern/schmäustern () (Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch)


Werld

From Middle Low German werlt, warlt, werlde, from Old Saxon werold, warold, worold, from Proto-West Germanic *weraldi, from Proto-Germanic *weraldiz. Cognate with English world.


Ümgiégend

(Westphalian) environment (area around something)


Spinnenwebb

Spinnenwebben (plural)
Spinnenwubb (alternative)
Spinnenwübb (alternative)

Spinn + Webb. From Proto-Germanic *spinnaną and Proto-Germanic *wabją. Cognate with Dutch spinnenweb (“spiderweb”), English spiderweb.


Küüt

Cognate with West Frisian kût, Dutch kuit.


Choor

Ultimately from Latin chorus, from Ancient Greek χορός (khorós, “company of dancers or singers”).


Gurk

From Middle Low German augurke, a borrowing from Polish ogórek.


Ätik

Ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *atek, metathesized variant of *aket, from Latin acētum.


braiw

Ik srijw dij deisa braiw taum dij sägen duu büst air gaur määka.

I am writing this letter to say that you are a nice girl.

Ik wait, dat feel lüür sich up Pomerisch braiws srijwa, tüschen hijr un Rondônia.

I know that a lot of people write letters to each other in Pomeranian, between here and Rondônia.


Morrn

Morrn (plural)
Mörgen (alternative)
Moärgen (alternative)
Morgen (alternative)
Morr'n (alternative)
Morren (alternative)

From Middle Low German, from Old Saxon morgan, from Proto-West Germanic *morgin, from Proto-Germanic *murganaz, from Proto-Indo-European *merkʷ- (“to blink, twinkle”).
Compare German Morgen, Dutch morgen, West Frisian moarn, English morn, morrow, Danish morgen, Swedish morgon.


wünsken

wünschken (alternative)
wünschen (alternative)


Liee

Oma gaf mui den Anfang von dän Lie|e:

2021, Wilhelm Knicker, Plattdütske Votellsels iut iusen Ravensberger Lanne in un ümme Mennighüffen: Plattdeutsche Geschichten aus dem Ravensberger Land in und um Mennighüffen, p. 8

Grandma gave me the beginning of the song:


Paosken

Spread northwards in the early Middle Ages from the diocese of Cologne; compare Central Franconian Poosche and Dutch Pasen. Ultimately from Latin pascha.


Großmudders

genitive singular of Großmudder: grandmother's


Großmudder

At least in part from German groß, possibly from Großmutter

In Großmudders Huse [Elly Barteldrees]


Hiärt

head

Hiärt n (plural Hiärten, diminutive Hiärtken)


Schaiper

Schaipers (plural)
Schäöper (alternative)
Schäper (alternative)
Schöper (alternative)

From Middle Low German schêper, from schâp + -er, from Old Saxon skāp.
The form Schaiper retains the inherited umlaut result. In the variant Schäöper, it has been replaced with analogical umlaut after the underlying Schaop (“sheep”).


Schäöper

(Westphalian) Alternative form of Schaiper (“shepherd”)


Rüen

Rüens (plural)
Rühe (alternative Paderbornisch)
Rüë (alternative Lippisch)
Rüe (alternative Lippisch Münsterländisch Sauerländisch)
rüe (alternative)

From the oblique form of Rüe (still retained in some dialects), itself with d-loss from older Rüede, from Middle Low German rȫde, from Old Saxon *(h)ruthio, from Proto-Germanic *hruþjô (“male dog”), possibly from *hruttōn- (“to roar”), from a Proto-Indo-European root shared by Ancient Greek κόρυζα (kóruza), Old English hrot. Or, from Proto-Germanic *hreutan-, *hrūtan-, *hruttōną (“to snore”), which would be related to Old Norse hrjóta.
Cognate with Dutch reu, German Rüde. Both of these now mean “male dog”, but the original meaning was “large dog, hound”.


Rüen

Rüens (alternative)
Rühe (alternative Paderbornisch)
Rüë (alternative Lippisch)
Rüe (alternative Lippisch Münsterländisch Sauerländisch)
rüe (alternative)


Rüe

Rüe m (accusative singular Rüen, nominative plural Rüen or Rüens)

Rüen (accusative singular)
Rüen (nominative plural)
Rüens (nominative plural)
Rühe (alternative Paderbornisch)
Ruüë (pl: Ruüens) (alternative)
Rüë (alternative Lippisch)
rüe (alternative)

(Lippisch, Münsterländisch, Sauerländisch) dog


Vuegel

Vüegel (plural)
Vüegels (plural)
Vuëgel (alternative alternative)
Vogel (alternative)
Vagel (alternative)


Duitsk

„Varia sunt hominum studia“ – op Duitsk: „En Jeder hiät syn hülten Piärt.“

1869, F. W. Grimme, Schwänke und Gedichte in sauerländischer Mundart. I. Sprickeln un Spöne. II. Spargitzen. Vierte, abermals bedeutend vermehrte Auflage. Mit einer Einleitung über die Eigenthümlichkeiten des sauerländischen Dialectes, page 39:

„Varia sunt hominum studia“ [Latin, roughly: The desires of the people are different.] – in English [literally: on German]: "Everybody has his wooden horse."


Wiehnachten

From Middle Low German wînachten-, wînacht (“Christmas”). Cognate with German Weihnachten as well as Czech Vánoce and Slovak Vianoce.

inh

Wihnachten (alternative)
Wyhnachten (alternative)

Frohe Wiehnachten!


Kröger

Krog (“pub; bar”) + -er (“-er”); cognate to German Krüger m


Schwattbraut

From schwatt (“black”) + Braut (“bread”).

Schwattbraud (alternative)
Swattbraud (alternative)
Swattbraut (alternative)

(Westphalia) pumpernickel (kind of dark, sweetish, coarse-ground rye bread)