nūoŗpōr

nūoŗpōr (nominative singular)
nūoŗpōrõd (nominative plural)
nūoŗpōr (genitive singular)
nūoŗpōrõd (genitive plural)
nūoŗpōrõ (partitive singular)
nūoŗpōridi (partitive plural)
nūoŗpōrõn (dative singular)
nūoŗpōrõdõn (dative plural)
nūoŗpōrõks (instrumental singular)
nūoŗpōrõdõks (instrumental plural)
nūoŗpōrõ (illative singular)
nūoŗpōriž (illative plural)
nūoŗpōrsõ (inessive singular)
nūoŗpōrs (inessive singular)
nūoŗpōris (inessive plural)
nūoŗpōrstõ (elative singular)
nūoŗpōrst (elative singular)
nūoŗpōrist (elative plural)

From nūoŗ (“young”) + pōr (“couple, pair”).


nūoŗpōŗ

nūoŗpōŗ (nominative singular)
nūoŗpōŗõd (nominative plural)
nūoŗpōŗ (genitive singular)
nūoŗpōŗõd (genitive plural)
nūoŗpōŗõ (partitive singular)
nūoŗpōŗidi (partitive plural)
nūoŗpōŗõn (dative singular)
nūoŗpōŗõdõn (dative plural)
nūoŗpōŗõks (instrumental singular)
nūoŗpōŗõdõks (instrumental plural)
nūoŗpōŗõ (illative singular)
nūoŗpōŗiž (illative plural)
nūoŗpōŗšõ (inessive singular)
nūoŗpōŗis (inessive plural)
nūoŗpōŗštõ (elative singular)
nūoŗpōŗist (elative plural)

From nūoŗ (“young”) + pōŗ (“couple, pair”).


äb

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA

first person singular present form of the negation verb

third person singular present form of the negation verb

first person plural present form of the negation verb

third person plural present form of the negation verb


algõm

first person plural imperative form of the negation verb


algõ

first person singular jussive form of the negation verb

Renāte Blumberga, Tapio Mäkeläinen, Karl Pajusalu (2013), Lībieši: vēsture, valoda un kultūra, Rīga: Līvõ Kultūr sidām, →ISBN

second person singular jussive form of the negation verb

third person singular jussive form of the negation verb


izt

second person singular past form of the negation verb

second person plural past form of the negation verb

such big boats weren't built [back then]

third person plural past form of the negation verb


algõd

first person plural jussive form of the negation verb

second person plural jussive form of the negation verb

there are several weirs that get put in river so the fish couldn't get through

tōgõd jemīņ attõ, mis sōbõd pandõd jougõ, laz kalād algõd päzzõgõd lebbõ

third person plural jussive form of the negation verb


jellõn

jellõn (nominative singular)
jellõnd (nominative plural)
jellõn (genitive singular)
jellõnd (genitive plural)
jellõnt (partitive singular)
jelliņi (partitive plural)
jellõnõn (dative singular)
jellõndõn (dative plural)
jellõnõks (instrumental singular)
jellõndõks (instrumental plural)
jellõnõ (illative singular)
jelliņiž (illative plural)
jellõnõs (inessive singular)
jellõns (inessive singular)
jelliņis (inessive plural)
jellõnõst (elative singular)
jellõnst (elative singular)
jelliņist (elative plural)

lived; past active participle form of jellõ


blēd̦

Apparently a borrowing from Latvian blēdis. Karulis lists blēdis as an inherited word cognate with Lithuanian blėdis (“loss, misfortune”), Russian блядь (bljadʹ, “prostitute, wretch”) (Old Church Slavonic блѧдь (blędĭ, “deceit, liar, promiscuous woman”)). By a competing theory the word is a borrowing from Old East Slavic блядь (bljadĭ).


blēd̦

blē'd̦ (canonical)
blēd̦ (nominative singular)
blēd̦õd (nominative plural)
blēd̦ (genitive singular)
blēd̦õd (genitive plural)
blēd̦õ (partitive singular)
blēd̦idi (partitive plural)
blēd̦õn (dative singular)
blēd̦õdõn (dative plural)
blēd̦õks (instrumental singular)
blēd̦õdõks (instrumental plural)
blēd̦õ (illative singular)
blēd̦iž (illative plural)
blēd̦šõ (inessive singular)
blēd̦is (inessive plural)
blēd̦štõ (elative singular)
blēd̦ist (elative plural)


äd

kas sa midāgid äd vastāt?

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA sa äd ūo tīera you're not OK (lit. "not healthy")

are you not going to say anything? (lit. "reply")

second person singular present form of the negation verb


pärsōn

pärsōn (nominative singular)
pärsōnõd (nominative plural)
pärsōn (genitive singular)
pärsōnõd (genitive plural)
pärsōnõ (partitive singular)
pärsōnidi (partitive plural)
pärsōnõn (dative singular)
pärsōnõdõn (dative plural)
pärsōnõks (instrumental singular)
pärsōnõdõks (instrumental plural)
pärsōnõ (illative singular)
pärsōniž (illative plural)
pärsōns (inessive singular)
pärsōnis (inessive plural)
pärsōnst (elative singular)
pärsōnist (elative plural)

Pronunciation is identical to its Latvian counterpart persona (/pærsoːna/), featuring the so-called "regressive vowel harmony" (/e/ → /æ/ before a back vowel.) Ultimately from Latin. See etymology at English person.


nǟm

first-person plural present indicative of nǟdõ


nǟtõ

second-person plural present indicative of nǟdõ


neiz

first/third-person singular past indicative of nǟdõ


nǟbõd

third-person plural present indicative of nǟdõ


neizmõ

first-person plural past indicative of nǟdõ


nǟnõd

past active participle plural form of nǟdõ


neizt

second-person singular past indicative of nǟdõ


nǟkstõ

second/third-person plural conditional of nǟdõ


nǟgõd

first/second/third-person plural jussive of nǟdõ


nǟkst

second-person singular conditional of nǟdõ


nǟgõ

first/second/third-person singular jussive of nǟdõ


nǟ

first/second/third-person singular negative form

inflection of nǟdõ:
second-person singular imperative


nǟks

first/third-person singular conditional of nǟdõ


nēji

first/second/third-person singular quotative of nǟdõ


nējid

first/second/third-person plural quotative of nǟdõ


neiztõ

second/third-person plural past indicative of nǟdõ


nǟb

first/third-person singular present indicative of nǟdõ


nǟd

second-person singular present indicative of nǟdõ


ūom

first-person plural present indicative of vȱlda


ūod

second-person singular present indicative of vȱlda


vȯnnõd

past active participle plural form of vȱlda


vȯļtõ

second/third-person plural past indicative of vȱlda


vȯlksmõ

first-person plural conditional of vȱlda


vȯlks

first/third-person singular conditional of vȱlda


ūotõ

second-person plural present indicative of vȱlda


vȯlgid

second-person plural imperative of vȱlda


vȯļmõ

first-person plural past indicative of vȱlda


vȯlkst

second-person singular conditional of vȱlda


vȯlkstõ

second/third-person plural conditional of vȱlda


vȯļļi

first/second/third-person singular quotative of vȱlda


ūot

third-person plural negative form of vȱlda


vȯlkõd

first/second/third-person plural jussive of vȱlda


vȯļ

first/third-person singular past indicative of vȱlda


lekš

first/third-person singular past indicative of lǟdõ


lǟd

second-person singular present indicative of lǟdõ


lekšt

second-person singular past indicative of lǟdõ


vȯļļid

first/second/third-person plural quotative of vȱlda


lǟnõd

past active participle plural form of lǟdõ


lekštõ

second/third-person plural past indicative of lǟdõ


lǟtõ

second-person plural present indicative of lǟdõ


lekšmõ

first-person plural past indicative of lǟdõ


lǟkst

second-person singular conditional of lǟdõ


lējid

first/second/third-person plural quotative of lǟdõ


läkkõ

first/second/third-person singular jussive of lǟdõ


lēji

first/second/third-person singular quotative of lǟdõ


läkkõd

first/second/third-person plural jussive of lǟdõ


lǟks

first/third-person singular conditional of lǟdõ


lǟm

first-person plural present indicative of lǟdõ


lǟbõd

third-person plural present indicative of lǟdõ


lǟb

first/third-person singular present indicative of lǟdõ


attõ

third-person plural present indicative of vȱlda


lǟkstõ

second/third-person plural conditional of lǟdõ


lǟ

first/second/third-person singular negative form of lǟdõ


līž

first/third-person singular past indicative of līdõ


līm

first-person plural present indicative of līdõ


līžt

second-person singular past indicative of līdõ


līb

first/third-person singular present indicative of līdõ


līžtõ

second/third-person plural past indicative of līdõ


līnõd

past active participle plural form of līdõ


lītõ

second-person plural present indicative of līdõ


līd

second-person singular present indicative of līdõ


jelāt

second-person plural present indicative of jellõ


līkstõ

second/third-person plural conditional of līdõ


lībõd

third-person plural present indicative of līdõ


līgõd

first/second/third-person plural jussive of līdõ


līji

first/second/third-person singular quotative of līdõ


līgõ

first/second/third-person singular jussive of līdõ


lījid

first/second/third-person plural quotative of līdõ


līžmõ

first-person plural past indicative of līdõ


jelāb

first/third-person singular present indicative of jellõ


līkst

second-person singular conditional of līdõ


ātõ

third-person plural present indicative of vȱlda


jelā

second-person singular imperative of jellõ


jelīz

first/third-person singular past indicative of jellõ


jelīzmõ

first-person plural past indicative of jellõ


jelād

second-person singular present indicative of jellõ


jelīztõ

second/third-person plural past indicative of jellõ


jelāks

first/third-person singular conditional of jellõ


jelākstõ

second/third-person plural conditional of jellõ


jelākst

second-person singular conditional of jellõ


jelāksmõ

first-person plural conditional of jellõ


jelājid

first/second/third-person plural quotative of jellõ


jelīzt

second-person singular/plural past indicative

inflection of jellõ:
third-person plural past indicative


jelāgid

second-person plural imperative of jellõ


jelāgõd

first/second/third-person plural jussive of jellõ


jelāg

first/second/third-person singular jussive of jellõ


jelābõd

third-person plural present indicative of jellõ


ūo

first/second/third-person singular negative form of vȱlda


likūd

second-person singular present indicative of likkõ


likīzmõ

first-person plural past indicative of likkõ


likkõt

second-person plural present indicative of likkõ


likūb

first/third-person singular present indicative of likkõ


likkõkst

second-person singular conditional of likkõ


likīztõ

second/third-person plural past indicative of likkõ


likīz

first/third-person singular past indicative of likkõ


likīzt

inflection of likkõ:
third-person plural past indicative


likkõks

first/third-person singular conditional of likkõ


likkõbõd

third-person plural present indicative of likkõ


likkõnd

past active participle plural form of likkõ


likkõkstõ

second/third-person plural conditional of likkõ


likkõg

first/second/third-person singular jussive of likkõ


likkõksmõ

first-person plural conditional of likkõ


likkõgõd

first/second/third-person plural jussive of likkõ


likkiji

first/second/third-person singular quotative of likkõ


likkõgid

second-person plural imperative of likkõ


likkõm

first-person plural present indicative of likkõ


likkijid

first/second/third-person plural quotative of likkõ


jelām

first-person plural present indicative of jellõ


vȯlkõ

first/second/third-person singular jussive of vȱlda


kūlõb

first/third-person singular present indicative of kūlõ


kūlõbõd

third-person plural present indicative of kūlõ


kūlõd

second-person singular present indicative of kūlõ


kūlõt

second-person plural present indicative of kūlõ


kūlõnd

past active participle plural form of kūlõ


kūlizt

second-person singular/plural past indicative

inflection of kūlõ:
third-person plural past indicative


kūlizmõ

first-person plural past indicative of kūlõ


kūl

first/second/third-person singular negative form

inflection of kūlõ:
second-person singular imperative


kūlõm

first-person plural present indicative of kūlõ


kūlõkst

second-person singular conditional of kūlõ


jelāji

first/second/third-person singular quotative of jellõ


kūlõkstõ

second/third-person plural conditional of kūlõ


kūliji

first/second/third-person singular quotative of kūlõ


kūlijid

first/second/third-person plural quotative of kūlõ


kūlõg

first/second/third-person singular jussive of kūlõ


kūlõks

first/third-person singular conditional of kūlõ


kūlõgõd

first/second/third-person plural jussive of kūlõ


mǟdlizmõ

first-person plural past indicative of mǟdlõ


mǟdliz

first/third-person singular past indicative of mǟdlõ


mǟdliztõ

second/third-person plural past indicative of mǟdlõ


mǟdlõnd

past active participle plural form of mǟdlõ


mǟdlõd

second-person singular present indicative of mǟdlõ


mǟdlõt

second-person plural present indicative of mǟdlõ


mǟdlõbõd

third-person plural present indicative of mǟdlõ


mǟdlõgid

second-person plural imperative of mǟdlõ


mǟdõl

second-person singular imperative of mǟdlõ


mǟdlõks

first/third-person singular conditional of mǟdlõ


mǟdlõksmõ

first-person plural conditional of mǟdlõ


mǟdlõkst

second-person singular conditional of mǟdlõ


mǟdlõkstõ

second/third-person plural conditional of mǟdlõ


mǟdlõb

first/third-person singular present indicative of mǟdlõ


mǟdliji

first/second/third-person singular quotative of mǟdlõ


mǟdlõm

first-person plural present indicative of mǟdlõ


mǟdlijid

first/second/third-person plural quotative of mǟdlõ


mǟdlõgõd

first/second/third-person plural jussive of mǟdlõ


mǟdlõg

first/second/third-person singular jussive of mǟdlõ


mǟdlizt

second-person singular/plural past indicative

inflection of mǟdlõ:
third-person plural past indicative


līks

first/third-person singular conditional of līdõ


jellõ

je'llõ (canonical)
jelāb (first-person indicative present singular)
jelād (indicative present second-person singular)
jelāb (indicative present singular third-person)
jelām (first-person indicative plural present)
jelāt (indicative plural present second-person)
jelābõd (indicative plural present third-person)
jelīz (first-person indicative past singular)
jelīzt (indicative past second-person singular)
jelīz (indicative past singular third-person)
jelīzmõ (first-person indicative past plural)
jelīztõ (indicative past plural second-person)
jelīzt (indicative past plural second-person)
jelīztõ (indicative past plural third-person)
jelīzt (indicative past plural third-person)
līb jellõn (first-person future indicative perfect singular)
līd jellõn (future indicative perfect second-person singular)
līb jellõn (future indicative perfect singular third-person)
līm jellõnd (first-person future indicative perfect plural)
līmõ jellõnd (first-person future indicative perfect plural)
līt jellõnd (future indicative perfect plural second-person)
lītõ jellõnd (future indicative perfect plural second-person)
lībõd jellõnd (future indicative perfect plural third-person)
äb jel (first-person indicative negative present singular)
äd jel (indicative negative present second-person singular)
äb jel (indicative negative present singular third-person)
äb jelām (first-person indicative negative plural present)
ät jelāt (indicative negative plural present second-person)
äb jelāt (indicative negative plural present third-person)
iz jel (first-person indicative negative past singular)
izt jel (indicative negative past second-person singular)
iz jel (indicative negative past singular third-person)
iz jelām (first-person indicative negative past plural)
izt jelāt (indicative negative past plural second-person)
izt jelāt (indicative negative past plural third-person)
äb lī jellõn (first-person future indicative negative perfect singular)
äd lī jellõn (future indicative negative perfect second-person singular)
äb lī jellõn (future indicative negative perfect singular third-person)
äb līm jellõnd (first-person future indicative negative perfect plural)
äb līmõ jellõnd (first-person future indicative negative perfect plural)
ät līt jellõnd (future indicative negative perfect plural second-person)
ät lītõ jellõnd (future indicative negative perfect plural second-person)
äb līt jellõnd (future indicative negative perfect plural third-person)
äb lītõ jellõnd (future indicative negative perfect plural third-person)
jelā! (imperative second-person singular)
jelāgõm! (first-person imperative plural)
jelāgid! (imperative plural second-person)
alā jellõ! (imperative negative second-person singular)
algõm jelāgõm! (first-person imperative negative plural)
algid jelāgid! (imperative negative plural second-person)
jelāks (conditional first-person singular)
jelākst (conditional second-person singular)
jelāks (conditional singular third-person)
jelāksmõ (conditional first-person plural)
jelākstõ (conditional plural second-person)
jelākstõ (conditional plural third-person)
äb jelāks (conditional first-person negative singular)
äd jelākst (conditional negative second-person singular)
äb jelāks (conditional negative singular third-person)
äb jelāksmõ (conditional first-person negative plural)
ät jelākstõ (conditional negative plural second-person)
äb jelākstõ (conditional negative plural third-person)
jelāg (first-person jussive singular)
jelāg (jussive second-person singular)
jelāg (jussive singular third-person)
jelāgõd (first-person jussive plural)
jelāgõd (jussive plural second-person)
jelāgõd (jussive plural third-person)
algõ jelāg (first-person jussive negative singular)
algõ jelāg (jussive negative second-person singular)
algõ jelāg (jussive negative singular third-person)
algõd jelāgõd (first-person jussive negative plural)
algõd jelāgõd (jussive negative plural second-person)
algõd jelāgõd (jussive negative plural third-person)
jelāji (first-person quotative singular)
jelāji (quotative second-person singular)
jelāji (quotative singular third-person)
jelājid (first-person plural quotative)
jelājid (plural quotative second-person)
jelājid (plural quotative third-person)
um jelāmõst (debitive first-person quotative singular)
um jelāmõst (debitive quotative second-person singular)
um jelāmõst (debitive quotative singular third-person)
um jelāmõst (debitive first-person plural quotative)
um jelāmõst (debitive plural quotative second-person)
um jelāmõst (debitive plural quotative third-person)
jellõ (first-person infinitive plural quotative)
jellõ (infinitive quotative second-person third-person)
jellõs (first-person gerund plural quotative)
jellõs (gerund quotative second-person third-person)
jelām (first-person plural quotative supine)
jelām (quotative second-person supine third-person)
jelāmõt (abessive first-person plural quotative supine)
jelāmõt (abessive quotative second-person supine third-person)
jellõn (active first-person participle plural quotative)
jellõn (active participle quotative second-person third-person)
jeldõd (first-person participle passive plural quotative)
jeldõd (participle passive quotative second-person third-person)

From Proto-Finnic *elädäk. Compare Estonian elama.

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
līvõ kēravīļa lūojid āt jellõnd kīel kõrdõlpanmizõks
creators of Livonian literature have engaged in standardization of the language
ta jelīz sportõks
he did sports

ta tuļ Sīkrõgõl jelām
he came to live in Sīkrõg
jegāīdõn um jelāmõst eņtš pierrõ
everyone must live on their own terms

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA Kōrli jelāb Sīkrõgõl Kōrli (~ Kārlis) lives in Sīkrõg (~ Sīkrags)

jālga um jarā pūdõn, äb või tämkõks jellõ


kūliztõ

second/third-person plural past indicative of kūlõ


ykš

livones.net
ykš vana mīez nimtõt Jaņi Pālkali, voļ sūr statistik kuoŗŗiji
one old man named Jaņi Pālkali (~ Jānis Pālkalis) was a big collector of statistics


ükš

ükš (nominative singular)
ǖd (genitive singular)
ǖt (genitive singular)
ǖdkõks (instrumental singular)
ǖdõ (illative singular)


likkõ

likūb (first-person indicative present singular)
likūd (indicative present second-person singular)
likūb (indicative present singular third-person)
likkõm (first-person indicative plural present)
likkõt (indicative plural present second-person)
likkõbõd (indicative plural present third-person)
likīz (first-person indicative past singular)
likīzt (indicative past second-person singular)
likīz (indicative past singular third-person)
likīzmõ (first-person indicative past plural)
likīztõ (indicative past plural second-person)
likīzt (indicative past plural second-person)
likīztõ (indicative past plural third-person)
likīzt (indicative past plural third-person)
līb likkõn (first-person future indicative perfect singular)
līd likkõn (future indicative perfect second-person singular)
līb likkõn (future indicative perfect singular third-person)
līm likkõnd (first-person future indicative perfect plural)
līmõ likkõnd (first-person future indicative perfect plural)
līt likkõnd (future indicative perfect plural second-person)
lītõ likkõnd (future indicative perfect plural second-person)
lībõd likkõnd (future indicative perfect plural third-person)
äb lik (first-person indicative negative present singular)
äd lik (indicative negative present second-person singular)
äb lik (indicative negative present singular third-person)
äb likkõm (first-person indicative negative plural present)
ät likkõt (indicative negative plural present second-person)
äb likkõt (indicative negative plural present third-person)
iz lik (first-person indicative negative past singular)
izt lik (indicative negative past second-person singular)
iz lik (indicative negative past singular third-person)
iz likkõm (first-person indicative negative past plural)
izt likkõt (indicative negative past plural second-person)
izt likkõt (indicative negative past plural third-person)
äb lī likkõn (first-person future indicative negative perfect singular)
äd lī likkõn (future indicative negative perfect second-person singular)
äb lī likkõn (future indicative negative perfect singular third-person)
äb līm likkõnd (first-person future indicative negative perfect plural)
äb līmõ likkõnd (first-person future indicative negative perfect plural)
ät līt likkõnd (future indicative negative perfect plural second-person)
ät lītõ likkõnd (future indicative negative perfect plural second-person)
äb līt likkõnd (future indicative negative perfect plural third-person)
äb lītõ likkõnd (future indicative negative perfect plural third-person)
lik! (imperative second-person singular)
likkõgõm! (first-person imperative plural)
likkõgid! (imperative plural second-person)
alā lik! (imperative negative second-person singular)
algõm likkõgõm! (first-person imperative negative plural)
algid likkõgid! (imperative negative plural second-person)
likkõks (conditional first-person singular)
likkõkst (conditional second-person singular)
likkõks (conditional singular third-person)
likkõksmõ (conditional first-person plural)
likkõkstõ (conditional plural second-person)
likkõkstõ (conditional plural third-person)
äb likkõks (conditional first-person negative singular)
äd likkõkst (conditional negative second-person singular)
äb likkõks (conditional negative singular third-person)
äb likkõksmõ (conditional first-person negative plural)
ät likkõkstõ (conditional negative plural second-person)
äb likkõkstõ (conditional negative plural third-person)
likkõg (first-person jussive singular)
likkõg (jussive second-person singular)
likkõg (jussive singular third-person)
likkõgõd (first-person jussive plural)
likkõgõd (jussive plural second-person)
likkõgõd (jussive plural third-person)
algõ likkõg (first-person jussive negative singular)
algõ likkõg (jussive negative second-person singular)
algõ likkõg (jussive negative singular third-person)
algõd likkõgõd (first-person jussive negative plural)
algõd likkõgõd (jussive negative plural second-person)
algõd likkõgõd (jussive negative plural third-person)
likkiji (first-person quotative singular)
likkiji (quotative second-person singular)
likkiji (quotative singular third-person)
likkijid (first-person plural quotative)
likkijid (plural quotative second-person)
likkijid (plural quotative third-person)
um likkõmõst (debitive first-person quotative singular)
um likkõmõst (debitive quotative second-person singular)
um likkõmõst (debitive quotative singular third-person)
um likkõmõst (debitive first-person plural quotative)
um likkõmõst (debitive plural quotative second-person)
um likkõmõst (debitive plural quotative third-person)
likkõ (first-person infinitive plural quotative)
likkõ (infinitive quotative second-person third-person)
likkõs (first-person gerund plural quotative)
likkõs (gerund quotative second-person third-person)
likkõm (first-person plural quotative supine)
likkõm (quotative second-person supine third-person)
likkõmõt (abessive first-person plural quotative supine)
likkõmõt (abessive quotative second-person supine third-person)
likkõn (active first-person participle plural quotative)
likkõn (active participle quotative second-person third-person)
liktõd (first-person participle passive plural quotative)
liktõd (participle passive quotative second-person third-person)

(intransitive) to move ahead (of traffic)

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
jarā likkõ
to shove aside
ma likūb rajjõ
I'm pushing a chair
kädkõks sa likūd tǟnda jeddõpēḑõn
you push it with a hand forward
ne likīzt laijõ
they were pushing a boat


februār

februār (nominative singular)
februārõd (nominative plural)
februār (genitive singular)
februārõd (genitive plural)
februārõ (partitive singular)
februāridi (partitive plural)
februārõn (dative singular)
februārõdõn (dative plural)
februārõks (instrumental singular)
februārõdõks (instrumental plural)
februārõ (illative singular)
februāriž (illative plural)
februārs (inessive singular)
februāris (inessive plural)
februārst (elative singular)
februārist (elative plural)

Apparently ultimately from Latin. See etymology at English February.


vȱlda

um (first-person indicative present singular)
ūod (indicative present second-person singular)
um (indicative present singular third-person)
ūom (first-person indicative plural present)
ūotõ (indicative plural present second-person)
at (indicative plural present third-person)
vȯļ (first-person indicative past singular)
vȯļd (indicative past second-person singular)
vȯļ (indicative past singular third-person)
vȯļmõ (first-person indicative past plural)
vȯļtõ (indicative past plural second-person)
vȯļtõ (indicative past plural third-person)
līb vȯnd (first-person future indicative perfect singular)
līd vȯnd (future indicative perfect second-person singular)
līb vȯnd (future indicative perfect singular third-person)
līm vȯnnõd (first-person future indicative perfect plural)
līmõ vȯnnõd (first-person future indicative perfect plural)
līt vȯnnõd (future indicative perfect plural second-person)
lītõ vȯnnõd (future indicative perfect plural second-person)
lībõd vȯnnõd (future indicative perfect plural third-person)
äb ūo (first-person indicative negative present singular)
äd ūo (indicative negative present second-person singular)
äb ūo (indicative negative present singular third-person)
äb ūom (first-person indicative negative plural present)
ät ūotõ (indicative negative plural present second-person)
äb ūotõ (indicative negative plural present third-person)
iz ūo (first-person indicative negative past singular)
izt ūo (indicative negative past second-person singular)
iz ūo (indicative negative past singular third-person)
iz ūom (first-person indicative negative past plural)
izt ūotõ (indicative negative past plural second-person)
izt ūotõ (indicative negative past plural third-person)
äb lī vȯnd (first-person future indicative negative perfect singular)
äd lī vȯnd (future indicative negative perfect second-person singular)
äb lī vȯnd (future indicative negative perfect singular third-person)
äb līm vȯnnõd (first-person future indicative negative perfect plural)
äb līmõ vȯnnõd (first-person future indicative negative perfect plural)
ät līt vȯnnõd (future indicative negative perfect plural second-person)
ät lītõ vȯnnõd (future indicative negative perfect plural second-person)
äb līt vȯnnõd (future indicative negative perfect plural third-person)
äb lītõ vȯnnõd (future indicative negative perfect plural third-person)
vȯl! (imperative second-person singular)
vȯlgõm! (first-person imperative plural)
vȯlgid! (imperative plural second-person)
alā vȯl! (imperative negative second-person singular)
algõm vȯlgõm! (first-person imperative negative plural)
algid vȯlgid! (imperative negative plural second-person)
vȯlks (conditional first-person singular)
vȯlkst (conditional second-person singular)
vȯlks (conditional singular third-person)
vȯlksmõ (conditional first-person plural)
vȯlkstõ (conditional plural second-person)
vȯlkstõ (conditional plural third-person)
äb vȯlks (conditional first-person negative singular)
äd vȯlkst (conditional negative second-person singular)
äb vȯlks (conditional negative singular third-person)
äb vȯlksmõ (conditional first-person negative plural)
ät vȯlkstõ (conditional negative plural second-person)
äb vȯlkstõ (conditional negative plural third-person)
vȯlkõ (first-person jussive singular)
vȯlkõ (jussive second-person singular)
vȯlkõ (jussive singular third-person)
vȯlkõd (first-person jussive plural)
vȯlkõd (jussive plural second-person)
vȯlkõd (jussive plural third-person)
algõ vȯlkõ (first-person jussive negative singular)
algõ vȯlkõ (jussive negative second-person singular)
algõ vȯlkõ (jussive negative singular third-person)
algõd vȯlkõd (first-person jussive negative plural)
algõd vȯlkõd (jussive negative plural second-person)
algõd vȯlkõd (jussive negative plural third-person)
vȯļļi (first-person quotative singular)
vȯļļi (quotative second-person singular)
vȯļļi (quotative singular third-person)
vȯļļid (first-person plural quotative)
vȯļļid (plural quotative second-person)
vȯļļid (plural quotative third-person)
um vȯlmõst (debitive first-person quotative singular)
um vȯlmõst (debitive quotative second-person singular)
um vȯlmõst (debitive quotative singular third-person)
um vȯlmõst (debitive first-person plural quotative)
um vȯlmõst (debitive plural quotative second-person)
um vȯlmõst (debitive plural quotative third-person)
vȱlda (first-person infinitive plural quotative)
vȱlda (infinitive quotative second-person third-person)
vȯldsõ (first-person gerund plural quotative)
vȯldsõ (gerund quotative second-person third-person)
vȯlmõ (first-person plural quotative supine)
vȯlmõ (quotative second-person supine third-person)
vȯlmõt (abessive first-person plural quotative supine)
vȯlmõt (abessive quotative second-person supine third-person)
vȯnd (active first-person participle plural quotative)
vȯnd (active participle quotative second-person third-person)
vȯldõd (first-person participle passive plural quotative)
vȯldõd (participle passive quotative second-person third-person)

be whatever may be
vȯlgid nei lõpsnā!
be so kind [as to...]
minnõn äb ūo sinstõ äb lemmõ, äb kilmõ
I couldn't care less about you (lit. "to me it is neither warm nor cold from you")

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA laz ka vȯlkõ so be it vȯlkõ pǟl scratch that, let it be vȯlkõ mis vȯldsõ (~ vȯlkõ kui vȯldsõ)

you are not living in wilderness (lit. "you are not over mountains,") you are among people

sa äd ūo mägūd tagān, sa ūod rovd barāsõ


nǟdõ

nǟ'dõ (canonical)
nǟb (first-person indicative present singular)
nǟd (indicative present second-person singular)
nǟb (indicative present singular third-person)
nǟm (first-person indicative plural present)
nǟt (indicative plural present second-person)
nǟbõd (indicative plural present third-person)
neiz (first-person indicative past singular)
neizt (indicative past second-person singular)
neiz (indicative past singular third-person)
neizmõ (first-person indicative past plural)
neiztõ (indicative past plural second-person)
neiztõ (indicative past plural third-person)
līb nǟnd (first-person future indicative perfect singular)
līd nǟnd (future indicative perfect second-person singular)
līb nǟnd (future indicative perfect singular third-person)
līm nǟnõd (first-person future indicative perfect plural)
līmõ nǟnõd (first-person future indicative perfect plural)
līt nǟnõd (future indicative perfect plural second-person)
lītõ nǟnõd (future indicative perfect plural second-person)
lībõd nǟnõd (future indicative perfect plural third-person)
äb nǟ (first-person indicative negative present singular)
äd nǟ (indicative negative present second-person singular)
äb nǟ (indicative negative present singular third-person)
äb nǟm (first-person indicative negative plural present)
ät nǟtõ (indicative negative plural present second-person)
äb nǟtõ (indicative negative plural present third-person)
iz nǟ (first-person indicative negative past singular)
izt nǟ (indicative negative past second-person singular)
iz nǟ (indicative negative past singular third-person)
iz nǟm (first-person indicative negative past plural)
izt nǟtõ (indicative negative past plural second-person)
izt nǟtõ (indicative negative past plural third-person)
äb lī nǟnd (first-person future indicative negative perfect singular)
äd lī nǟnd (future indicative negative perfect second-person singular)
äb lī nǟnd (future indicative negative perfect singular third-person)
äb līm nǟnõd (first-person future indicative negative perfect plural)
äb līmõ nǟnõd (first-person future indicative negative perfect plural)
ät līt nǟnõd (future indicative negative perfect plural second-person)
ät lītõ nǟnõd (future indicative negative perfect plural second-person)
äb līt nǟnõd (future indicative negative perfect plural third-person)
äb lītõ nǟnõd (future indicative negative perfect plural third-person)
nǟ! (imperative second-person singular)
nǟgõm! (first-person imperative plural)
nǟgid! (imperative plural second-person)
alā nǟ! (imperative negative second-person singular)
algõm nǟgõm! (first-person imperative negative plural)
algid nǟgid! (imperative negative plural second-person)
nǟks (conditional first-person singular)
nǟkst (conditional second-person singular)
nǟks (conditional singular third-person)
nǟksmõ (conditional first-person plural)
nǟkstõ (conditional plural second-person)
nǟkstõ (conditional plural third-person)
äb nǟks (conditional first-person negative singular)
äd nǟkst (conditional negative second-person singular)
äb nǟks (conditional negative singular third-person)
äb nǟksmõ (conditional first-person negative plural)
ät nǟkstõ (conditional negative plural second-person)
äb nǟkstõ (conditional negative plural third-person)
nǟgõ (first-person jussive singular)
nǟgõ (jussive second-person singular)
nǟgõ (jussive singular third-person)
nǟgõd (first-person jussive plural)
nǟgõd (jussive plural second-person)
nǟgõd (jussive plural third-person)
algõ nǟgõ (first-person jussive negative singular)
algõ nǟgõ (jussive negative second-person singular)
algõ nǟgõ (jussive negative singular third-person)
algõd nǟgõd (first-person jussive negative plural)
algõd nǟgõd (jussive negative plural second-person)
algõd nǟgõd (jussive negative plural third-person)
nēji (first-person quotative singular)
nēji (quotative second-person singular)
nēji (quotative singular third-person)
nējid (first-person plural quotative)
nējid (plural quotative second-person)
nējid (plural quotative third-person)
um nǟmõst (debitive first-person quotative singular)
um nǟmõst (debitive quotative second-person singular)
um nǟmõst (debitive quotative singular third-person)
um nǟmõst (debitive first-person plural quotative)
um nǟmõst (debitive plural quotative second-person)
um nǟmõst (debitive plural quotative third-person)
nǟdõ (first-person infinitive plural quotative)
nǟdõ (infinitive quotative second-person third-person)
nǟdsõ (first-person gerund plural quotative)
nǟdsõ (gerund quotative second-person third-person)
nǟmõ (first-person plural quotative supine)
nǟmõ (quotative second-person supine third-person)
nǟmõt (abessive first-person plural quotative supine)
nǟmõt (abessive quotative second-person supine third-person)
nǟnd (active first-person participle plural quotative)
nǟnd (active participle quotative second-person third-person)
nǟdõd (first-person participle passive plural quotative)
nǟdõd (participle passive quotative second-person third-person)

ūnda nǟdõ
to have a dream
(literally, “to see a dream”)
jõvād sīlmad, sieldõ nǟb neiku kašpūoga
keen eyesight (lit. "good eyes"), sees clearly as a kitten
ma sieldõ neiz siedā eņtš sīlmaks
I clearly saw it with my own eyes

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA neme nǟb obviously, as can be observed palgstõ palgõ nǟdõ to see in person (literally, “cheek in cheek”)


lǟdõ

lǟ'dõ (canonical)
lǟb (first-person indicative present singular)
lǟd (indicative present second-person singular)
lǟb (indicative present singular third-person)
lǟm (first-person indicative plural present)
lǟt (indicative plural present second-person)
lǟbõd (indicative plural present third-person)
lekš (first-person indicative past singular)
lekšt (indicative past second-person singular)
lekš (indicative past singular third-person)
lekšmõ (first-person indicative past plural)
lekštõ (indicative past plural second-person)
lekštõ (indicative past plural third-person)
līb lǟnd (first-person future indicative perfect singular)
līd lǟnd (future indicative perfect second-person singular)
līb lǟnd (future indicative perfect singular third-person)
līm lǟnõd (first-person future indicative perfect plural)
līmõ lǟnõd (first-person future indicative perfect plural)
līt lǟnõd (future indicative perfect plural second-person)
lītõ lǟnõd (future indicative perfect plural second-person)
lībõd lǟnõd (future indicative perfect plural third-person)
äb lǟ (first-person indicative negative present singular)
äd lǟ (indicative negative present second-person singular)
äb lǟ (indicative negative present singular third-person)
äb lǟm (first-person indicative negative plural present)
ät lǟtõ (indicative negative plural present second-person)
äb lǟtõ (indicative negative plural present third-person)
iz lǟ (first-person indicative negative past singular)
izt lǟ (indicative negative past second-person singular)
iz lǟ (indicative negative past singular third-person)
iz lǟm (first-person indicative negative past plural)
izt lǟtõ (indicative negative past plural second-person)
izt lǟtõ (indicative negative past plural third-person)
äb lī lǟnd (first-person future indicative negative perfect singular)
äd lī lǟnd (future indicative negative perfect second-person singular)
äb lī lǟnd (future indicative negative perfect singular third-person)
äb līm lǟnõd (first-person future indicative negative perfect plural)
äb līmõ lǟnõd (first-person future indicative negative perfect plural)
ät līt lǟnõd (future indicative negative perfect plural second-person)
ät lītõ lǟnõd (future indicative negative perfect plural second-person)
äb līt lǟnõd (future indicative negative perfect plural third-person)
äb lītõ lǟnõd (future indicative negative perfect plural third-person)
li! (imperative second-person singular)
ligīd! (imperative plural second-person)
alā lǟ! (imperative negative second-person singular)
algid ligīd! (imperative negative plural second-person)
lǟks (conditional first-person singular)
lǟkst (conditional second-person singular)
lǟks (conditional singular third-person)
lǟksmõ (conditional first-person plural)
lǟkstõ (conditional plural second-person)
lǟkstõ (conditional plural third-person)
äb lǟks (conditional first-person negative singular)
äd lǟkst (conditional negative second-person singular)
äb lǟks (conditional negative singular third-person)
äb lǟksmõ (conditional first-person negative plural)
ät lǟkstõ (conditional negative plural second-person)
äb lǟkstõ (conditional negative plural third-person)
läkkõ (first-person jussive singular)
läkkõ (jussive second-person singular)
läkkõ (jussive singular third-person)
läkkõd (first-person jussive plural)
läkkõd (jussive plural second-person)
läkkõd (jussive plural third-person)
algõ läkkõ (first-person jussive negative singular)
algõ läkkõ (jussive negative second-person singular)
algõ läkkõ (jussive negative singular third-person)
algõd läkkõd (first-person jussive negative plural)
algõd läkkõd (jussive negative plural second-person)
algõd läkkõd (jussive negative plural third-person)
lēji (first-person quotative singular)
lēji (quotative second-person singular)
lēji (quotative singular third-person)
lējid (first-person plural quotative)
lējid (plural quotative second-person)
lējid (plural quotative third-person)
um lēmõst (debitive first-person quotative singular)
um lēmõst (debitive quotative second-person singular)
um lēmõst (debitive quotative singular third-person)
um lēmõst (debitive first-person plural quotative)
um lēmõst (debitive plural quotative second-person)
um lēmõst (debitive plural quotative third-person)
lǟdõ (first-person infinitive plural quotative)
lǟdõ (infinitive quotative second-person third-person)
lǟdsõ (first-person gerund plural quotative)
lǟdsõ (gerund quotative second-person third-person)
lǟmõ (first-person plural quotative supine)
lǟmõ (quotative second-person supine third-person)
lǟmõt (abessive first-person plural quotative supine)
lǟmõt (abessive quotative second-person supine third-person)
lǟnd (active first-person participle plural quotative)
lǟnd (active participle quotative second-person third-person)

From Proto-Finnic *läktedäk, from Proto-Uralic *läkte-. Compare Finnish lähteä.

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
aigāmōlõ lǟdõ
to step aside
iļarrõ lǟdõ
to go too far
iļļõ lǟdõ
to leave, pass
irgõ lǟdõ
to start going
jarā lǟdõ
to leave
jeddõpēḑõn lǟdõ
to continue, go on
jedspēņ lǟdõ
to go away
lebbõ lǟdõ
to go through
lǟm!
let's go!
li jedspēḑõn!
go away!
laz ta läkkõ, kus kuŗē tǟnda tȭmbõg
let him go to devil
ma iz lǟ iz sīņõ, iz tǟnõ
I didn't go either direction
ma lǟb jālgiņ
I'm going by foot
sa nei lǟd neiku pids vietā
you're walking as if on water
läbõd neiku kūrgõd īd tuoizõn tagānõ
walking like cranes, one after the other

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
või se riek lǟb Dūoņigõ?
does this road lead to Dūoņig (~ Dundaga)?

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
lǟks lǟdõ
should be going
minnõn iz lǟ siedā tīedõ
I didn't have to do it


kūlõ

kūlõb (first-person indicative present singular)
kūlõd (indicative present second-person singular)
kūlõb (indicative present singular third-person)
kūlõm (first-person indicative plural present)
kūlõt (indicative plural present second-person)
kūlõbõd (indicative plural present third-person)
kūliz (first-person indicative past singular)
kūlizt (indicative past second-person singular)
kūliz (indicative past singular third-person)
kūlizmõ (first-person indicative past plural)
kūliztõ (indicative past plural second-person)
kūlizt (indicative past plural second-person)
kūliztõ (indicative past plural third-person)
kūlizt (indicative past plural third-person)
līb kūlõn (first-person future indicative perfect singular)
līd kūlõn (future indicative perfect second-person singular)
līb kūlõn (future indicative perfect singular third-person)
līm kūlõnd (first-person future indicative perfect plural)
līmõ kūlõnd (first-person future indicative perfect plural)
līt kūlõnd (future indicative perfect plural second-person)
lītõ kūlõnd (future indicative perfect plural second-person)
lībõd kūlõnd (future indicative perfect plural third-person)
äb kūl (first-person indicative negative present singular)
äd kūl (indicative negative present second-person singular)
äb kūl (indicative negative present singular third-person)
äb kūlõm (first-person indicative negative plural present)
ät kūlõt (indicative negative plural present second-person)
äb kūlõt (indicative negative plural present third-person)
iz kūl (first-person indicative negative past singular)
izt kūl (indicative negative past second-person singular)
iz kūl (indicative negative past singular third-person)
iz kūlõm (first-person indicative negative past plural)
izt kūlõt (indicative negative past plural second-person)
izt kūlõt (indicative negative past plural third-person)
äb lī kūlõn (first-person future indicative negative perfect singular)
äd lī kūlõn (future indicative negative perfect second-person singular)
äb lī kūlõn (future indicative negative perfect singular third-person)
äb līm kūlõnd (first-person future indicative negative perfect plural)
äb līmõ kūlõnd (first-person future indicative negative perfect plural)
ät līt kūlõnd (future indicative negative perfect plural second-person)
ät lītõ kūlõnd (future indicative negative perfect plural second-person)
äb līt kūlõnd (future indicative negative perfect plural third-person)
äb lītõ kūlõnd (future indicative negative perfect plural third-person)
kūl! (imperative second-person singular)
kūlõgõm! (first-person imperative plural)
kūlõgid! (imperative plural second-person)
alā kūl! (imperative negative second-person singular)
algõm kūlõgõm! (first-person imperative negative plural)
algid kūlõgid! (imperative negative plural second-person)
kūlõks (conditional first-person singular)
kūlõkst (conditional second-person singular)
kūlõks (conditional singular third-person)
kūlõksmõ (conditional first-person plural)
kūlõkstõ (conditional plural second-person)
kūlõkstõ (conditional plural third-person)
äb kūlõks (conditional first-person negative singular)
äd kūlõkst (conditional negative second-person singular)
äb kūlõks (conditional negative singular third-person)
äb kūlõksmõ (conditional first-person negative plural)
ät kūlõkstõ (conditional negative plural second-person)
äb kūlõkstõ (conditional negative plural third-person)
kūlõg (first-person jussive singular)
kūlõg (jussive second-person singular)
kūlõg (jussive singular third-person)
kūlõgõd (first-person jussive plural)
kūlõgõd (jussive plural second-person)
kūlõgõd (jussive plural third-person)
algõ kūlõg (first-person jussive negative singular)
algõ kūlõg (jussive negative second-person singular)
algõ kūlõg (jussive negative singular third-person)
algõd kūlõgõd (first-person jussive negative plural)
algõd kūlõgõd (jussive negative plural second-person)
algõd kūlõgõd (jussive negative plural third-person)
kūliji (first-person quotative singular)
kūliji (quotative second-person singular)
kūliji (quotative singular third-person)
kūlijid (first-person plural quotative)
kūlijid (plural quotative second-person)
kūlijid (plural quotative third-person)
um kūlõmõst (debitive first-person quotative singular)
um kūlõmõst (debitive quotative second-person singular)
um kūlõmõst (debitive quotative singular third-person)
um kūlõmõst (debitive first-person plural quotative)
um kūlõmõst (debitive plural quotative second-person)
um kūlõmõst (debitive plural quotative third-person)
kūlõ (first-person infinitive plural quotative)
kūlõ (infinitive quotative second-person third-person)
kūlõs (first-person gerund plural quotative)
kūlõs (gerund quotative second-person third-person)
kūlõm (first-person plural quotative supine)
kūlõm (quotative second-person supine third-person)
kūlõmõt (abessive first-person plural quotative supine)
kūlõmõt (abessive quotative second-person supine third-person)
kūlõn (active first-person participle plural quotative)
kūlõn (active participle quotative second-person third-person)
kūldõd (first-person participle passive plural quotative)
kūldõd (participle passive quotative second-person third-person)

From Proto-Finnic *kuuldak. Compare Finnish kuulla.

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
sinā nei jõvīst kūlõd nemē piņ
your hearing is (lit. "you hear") as good as a dog
ma kūliz siedā set īd kūoraks, siedā äb või uskõ
I heard it with just one ear, it cannot be trusted
tämmõn äb ūo kūoridi, ta äb kūl
he doesn't have ears, he doesn't hear
ta võtāb sin kūlõ
he hears you out; listens to you
ta iz pan kūlõmõks
he pretended not to hear (lit. "didn't put (e.g., himself) [in the state of] hearing")

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Sīkrõg kūlõb jedlõmiz Dūoņig pagāstõ
Sīkrõg (~ Sīkrags) was (lit. "is") part of the former Dundaga parish

(intransitive) to be, constitute a part of (lit. "to fit inside")


līdõ

līb (first-person indicative present singular)
līd (indicative present second-person singular)
līb (indicative present singular third-person)
līm (first-person indicative plural present)
līt (indicative plural present second-person)
lībõd (indicative plural present third-person)
līž (first-person indicative past singular)
līžt (indicative past second-person singular)
līž (indicative past singular third-person)
līžmõ (first-person indicative past plural)
līžtõ (indicative past plural second-person)
līžtõ (indicative past plural third-person)
līb līnd (first-person future indicative perfect singular)
līd līnd (future indicative perfect second-person singular)
līb līnd (future indicative perfect singular third-person)
līm līnõd (first-person future indicative perfect plural)
līmõ līnõd (first-person future indicative perfect plural)
līt līnõd (future indicative perfect plural second-person)
lītõ līnõd (future indicative perfect plural second-person)
lībõd līnõd (future indicative perfect plural third-person)
äb lī (first-person indicative negative present singular)
äd lī (indicative negative present second-person singular)
äb lī (indicative negative present singular third-person)
äb līm (first-person indicative negative plural present)
ät lītõ (indicative negative plural present second-person)
äb lītõ (indicative negative plural present third-person)
iz lī (first-person indicative negative past singular)
izt lī (indicative negative past second-person singular)
iz lī (indicative negative past singular third-person)
iz līm (first-person indicative negative past plural)
izt lītõ (indicative negative past plural second-person)
izt lītõ (indicative negative past plural third-person)
äb lī līnd (first-person future indicative negative perfect singular)
äd lī līnd (future indicative negative perfect second-person singular)
äb lī līnd (future indicative negative perfect singular third-person)
äb līm līnõd (first-person future indicative negative perfect plural)
äb līmõ līnõd (first-person future indicative negative perfect plural)
ät līt līnõd (future indicative negative perfect plural second-person)
ät lītõ līnõd (future indicative negative perfect plural second-person)
äb līt līnõd (future indicative negative perfect plural third-person)
äb lītõ līnõd (future indicative negative perfect plural third-person)
lī! (imperative second-person singular)
līgõm! (first-person imperative plural)
līgid! (imperative plural second-person)
alā lī! (imperative negative second-person singular)
algõm līgõm! (first-person imperative negative plural)
algid līgid! (imperative negative plural second-person)
līks (conditional first-person singular)
līkst (conditional second-person singular)
līks (conditional singular third-person)
līksmõ (conditional first-person plural)
līkstõ (conditional plural second-person)
līkstõ (conditional plural third-person)
äb līks (conditional first-person negative singular)
äd līkst (conditional negative second-person singular)
äb līks (conditional negative singular third-person)
äb līksmõ (conditional first-person negative plural)
ät līkstõ (conditional negative plural second-person)
äb līkstõ (conditional negative plural third-person)
līgõ (first-person jussive singular)
līgõ (jussive second-person singular)
līgõ (jussive singular third-person)
līgõd (first-person jussive plural)
līgõd (jussive plural second-person)
līgõd (jussive plural third-person)
algõ līgõ (first-person jussive negative singular)
algõ līgõ (jussive negative second-person singular)
algõ līgõ (jussive negative singular third-person)
algõd līgõd (first-person jussive negative plural)
algõd līgõd (jussive negative plural second-person)
algõd līgõd (jussive negative plural third-person)
līji (first-person quotative singular)
līji (quotative second-person singular)
līji (quotative singular third-person)
lījid (first-person plural quotative)
lījid (plural quotative second-person)
lījid (plural quotative third-person)
um līmõst (debitive first-person quotative singular)
um līmõst (debitive quotative second-person singular)
um līmõst (debitive quotative singular third-person)
um līmõst (debitive first-person plural quotative)
um līmõst (debitive plural quotative second-person)
um līmõst (debitive plural quotative third-person)
līdõ (first-person infinitive plural quotative)
līdõ (infinitive quotative second-person third-person)
līdsõ (first-person gerund plural quotative)
līdsõ (gerund quotative second-person third-person)
līmõ (first-person plural quotative supine)
līmõ (quotative second-person supine third-person)
līmõt (abessive first-person plural quotative supine)
līmõt (abessive quotative second-person supine third-person)
līnd (active first-person participle plural quotative)
līnd (active participle quotative second-person third-person)
līdõd (first-person participle passive plural quotative)
līdõd (participle passive quotative second-person third-person)

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
pūoga līb aŗšt, ta opūb aŗštõks
son is going to be a doctor, he is studying to be a doctor
mēg līm aššõ tegīž vel kubsõ
soon we are going to be together again
sīest midāgõst äb lī
nothing will come out of it
se äb līks slikțõks
that wouldn't be bad

you lower down the sprit, then there will be half of a sail

to be (as a result of some action), to become


boŗ

bo'ŗ (canonical)
boŗ (nominative singular)
boŗīd (nominative plural)
boŗ (genitive singular)
boŗīd (genitive plural)
boŗŗõ (partitive singular)
boŗīdi (partitive plural)
boŗŗõn (dative singular)
boŗīdõn (dative plural)
boŗkõks (instrumental singular)
boŗīdõks (instrumental plural)
boŗŗõ (illative singular)
boŗīž (illative plural)
boŗš (inessive singular)
boŗšõ (inessive singular)
boŗīs (inessive plural)
boŗštõ (elative singular)
boŗīst (elative plural)

Perhaps related to buoŗ (“a handheld borer, drill”) that Suhonen lists as a borrowing from Latvian boris. Ultimately from Low German bōr.


bōr

bōr (nominative singular)
bōrõd (nominative plural)
bōr (genitive singular)
bōrõd (genitive plural)
bōrõ (partitive singular)
bōridi (partitive plural)
bōrõn (dative singular)
bōrõdõn (dative plural)
bōrõks (instrumental singular)
bōrõdõks (instrumental plural)
bōrõ (illative singular)
bōriž (illative plural)
bōrsõ (inessive singular)
bōrs (inessive singular)
bōris (inessive plural)
bōrstõ (elative singular)
bōrst (elative singular)
bōrist (elative plural)

Apparently from Latvian bārs (“orphaned, weak, vulnerable”). Suhonen lists a form bōriņ as a borrowing from Latvian bāriņš a variant of bārenis used in some compounds, e.g., bāriņtiesa (“custody court, family court”). This entry is for the form listed in LĒL.


tūoiznapǟva

tūoiznapǟva (nominative singular)
tūoiznapǟvad (nominative plural)
tūoiznapǟva (genitive singular)
tūoiznapǟvad (genitive plural)
tūoiznapäuvõ (partitive singular)
tūoiznapäuvḑi (partitive plural)
tūoiznapǟvan (dative singular)
tūoiznapǟvadõn (dative plural)
tūoiznapǟvaks (instrumental singular)
tūoiznapǟvadõks (instrumental plural)
tūoiznapäuvõ (illative singular)
tūoiznapäuvži (illative plural)
tūoiznapǟvas (inessive singular)
tūoiznapäuvši (inessive plural)
tūoiznapǟvast (elative singular)
tūoiznapäuvšti (elative plural)

From an inflected form of tuoi (“second”) + pǟva (“day”).


nǟt

second-person plural present indicative of nǟdõ


eļļõb

first/third-person singular present indicative of eļļõ


eļļõbõd

third-person plural present indicative of eļļõ


eļļõt

second-person plural present indicative of eļļõ


eļļõnd

past active participle plural form of eļļõ


eļļizmõ

first-person plural past indicative of eļļõ


eļļiz

first/third-person singular past indicative of eļļõ


eļļizt

inflection of eļļõ:
third-person plural past indicative


eļļiztõ

second/third-person plural past indicative of eļļõ


eļļijid

first/second/third-person plural quotative of eļļõ


eļļõkst

second-person singular conditional of eļļõ


eļļiji

first/second/third-person singular quotative of eļļõ


eļļõg

first/second/third-person singular jussive of eļļõ


eļļõgõd

first/second/third-person plural jussive of eļļõ


eļļõkstõ

second/third-person plural conditional of eļļõ


eļļõm

first-person plural present indicative of eļļõ


līt

From Proto-Finnic *lühüt. Cognates include Finnish lyhyt.


līt

second-person plural present indicative of līdõ


Grēkõmō

Grēkõmō (nominative singular)
Grēkõmō (genitive singular)
Grēkõmōdõ (partitive singular)
Grēkõmōn (dative singular)
Grēkõmōkõks (instrumental singular)
Grēkõmōzõ (illative singular)
Grēkõmōs (inessive singular)
Grēkõmōsõ (inessive singular)
Grēkõmōst (elative singular)
Grēkõmōstõ (elative singular)
Grēkõmōlõ (allative singular)
Grēkõmōl (adessive singular)
Grēkõmōld (ablative singular)

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Grēkõmō – Kreeka – Grieķija
Greece – Greece – Greece


Englišmō

Englišmō (nominative singular)
Englišmō (genitive singular)
Englišmōdõ (partitive singular)
Englišmōn (dative singular)
Englišmōkõks (instrumental singular)
Englišmōzõ (illative singular)
Englišmōs (inessive singular)
Englišmōsõ (inessive singular)
Englišmōst (elative singular)
Englišmōstõ (elative singular)
Englišmōlõ (allative singular)
Englišmōl (adessive singular)
Englišmōld (ablative singular)

From englišmaņ (“Englishman”) + mō (“land”).

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Englišmō – Inglismaa – Anglija
England – England – England


Krīevmō

Krīevmō (nominative singular)
Krīevmō (genitive singular)
Krīevmōdõ (partitive singular)
Krīevmōn (dative singular)
Krīevmōkõks (instrumental singular)
Krīevmōzõ (illative singular)
Krīevmōs (inessive singular)
Krīevmōsõ (inessive singular)
Krīevmōst (elative singular)
Krīevmōstõ (elative singular)
Krīevmōlõ (allative singular)
Krīevmōl (adessive singular)
Krīevmōld (ablative singular)

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Krīevmō – Venemaa – Krievija
Russia – Russia – Russia


Leišõmō

Leišõmō (nominative singular)
Leišõmō (genitive singular)
Leišõmōdõ (partitive singular)
Leišõmōn (dative singular)
Leišõmōkõks (instrumental singular)
Leišõmōzõ (illative singular)
Leišõmōs (inessive singular)
Leišõmōsõ (inessive singular)
Leišõmōst (elative singular)
Leišõmōstõ (elative singular)
Leišõmōlõ (allative singular)
Leišõmōl (adessive singular)
Leišõmōld (ablative singular)

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Leišmō – Leedu – Lietuva ~ Leišõmō
Lithuania – Lithuania – Lithuania ~ Lithuania


Itālij

Itālij (nominative singular)
Itālij (genitive singular)
Itālijõ (partitive singular)
Itālijõn (dative singular)
Itālijõks (instrumental singular)
Itālijõ (illative singular)
Itālijsõ (inessive singular)
Itālijs (inessive singular)
Itālijstõ (elative singular)
Itālijst (elative singular)

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Itālij – Itaalia – Itālija
Italy – Italy – Italy


Vidumō

Vidumō (nominative singular)
Vidumō (genitive singular)
Vidumōdõ (partitive singular)
Vidumōn (dative singular)
Vidumōkõks (instrumental singular)
Vidumōzõ (illative singular)
Vidumōs (inessive singular)
Vidumōsõ (inessive singular)
Vidumōst (elative singular)
Vidumōstõ (elative singular)
Vidumōlõ (allative singular)
Vidumōl (adessive singular)
Vidumōld (ablative singular)

Valda Šuvcāne, Ieva Ernštreite (1999, 2005), Latvian-Livonian-English Phrase Book, Eraksti, →ISBN
Vidzeme – Vidumō; Līvõmō – Vidzeme
Vidzeme – Vidzeme – Vidzeme

Vidzeme (a historical region in northeastern Latvia including Rīga)


Vidūmō

Vidūmō (nominative singular)
Vidūmō (genitive singular)
Vidūmōdõ (partitive singular)
Vidūmōn (dative singular)
Vidūmōkõks (instrumental singular)
Vidūmōzõ (illative singular)
Vidūmōs (inessive singular)
Vidūmōsõ (inessive singular)
Vidūmōst (elative singular)
Vidūmōstõ (elative singular)
Vidūmōlõ (allative singular)
Vidūmōl (adessive singular)
Vidūmōld (ablative singular)

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Vidūmō – Vidzeme – Vidzeme
Vidzeme – Vidzeme – Vidzeme


Rumēnij

Rumēnij (nominative singular)
Rumēnij (genitive singular)
Rumēnijõ (partitive singular)
Rumēnijõn (dative singular)
Rumēnijõks (instrumental singular)
Rumēnijõ (illative singular)
Rumēnijsõ (inessive singular)
Rumēnijs (inessive singular)
Rumēnijstõ (elative singular)
Rumēnijst (elative singular)

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Rumēnij – Rumeenia – Rumānija
Romania – Romania – Romania


Norvēgij

Norvēgij (nominative singular)
Norvēgij (genitive singular)
Norvēgijõ (partitive singular)
Norvēgijõn (dative singular)
Norvēgijõks (instrumental singular)
Norvēgijõ (illative singular)
Norvēgijsõ (inessive singular)
Norvēgijs (inessive singular)
Norvēgijstõ (elative singular)
Norvēgijst (elative singular)

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Norvēgij – Norra – Norvēģija
Norway – Norway – Norway


Spāņ

Spāņ (nominative singular)
Spāņ (genitive singular)
Spāņõ (partitive singular)
Spāņõn (dative singular)
Spāņõks (instrumental singular)
Spāņõ (illative singular)
Spāņšõ (inessive singular)
Spāņštõ (elative singular)

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Spāņ – Hispaania – Spānija
Spain – Spain – Spain


Frantsij

Frantsij (nominative singular)
Frantsij (genitive singular)
Frantsijõ (partitive singular)
Frantsijõn (dative singular)
Frantsijõks (instrumental singular)
Frantsijõ (illative singular)
Frantsijsõ (inessive singular)
Frantsijs (inessive singular)
Frantsijstõ (elative singular)
Frantsijst (elative singular)

Likely via Latvian Francija. Morphologically from frants- + -ij.

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Frantsij – Prantsusmaa – Francija
France – France – France


Kanād

Kanād (nominative singular)
Kanād (genitive singular)
Kanādõ (partitive singular)
Kanādõn (dative singular)
Kanādõks (instrumental singular)
Kanādõ (illative singular)
Kanādõs (inessive singular)
Kanāds (inessive singular)
Kanādõst (elative singular)
Kanādst (elative singular)

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Kanād – Kanada – Kanāda
Canada – Canada – Canada


kanā

kanā (nominative singular)
kanād (nominative plural)
kanā (genitive singular)
kanād (genitive plural)
kannõ (partitive singular)
kaņḑi (partitive plural)
kanān (dative singular)
kanādõn (dative plural)
kanāks (instrumental singular)
kanādõks (instrumental plural)
kannõ (illative singular)
kaņži (illative plural)
kanās (inessive singular)
kaņši (inessive plural)
kanāst (elative singular)
kaņšti (elative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *kana, from Proto-Germanic *hanô. Cognates include Finnish kana and Estonian kana.

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
kakš kannõ
two chickens
mitīdtõ kannõ
not a single chicken
ta um nemē kanā pakkiļis
he is like a chicken in tow
ta pidāb kaņḑi
he keeps chickens

Gallus gallus domesticus
Wikispecies:Gallus gallus domesticus


Beļgij

Beļgij (nominative singular)
Beļgij (genitive singular)
Beļgijõ (partitive singular)
Beļgijõn (dative singular)
Beļgijõks (instrumental singular)
Beļgijõ (illative singular)
Beļgijs (inessive singular)
Beļgijst (elative singular)

Likely via Latvian Beļģija. Morphologically from beļg- + -ij.

Valda Šuvcāne, Ieva Ernštreite (1999, 2005), Latvian-Livonian-English Phrase Book, Eraksti, →ISBN
Beļģija – Beļgij – Belgium
Belgium – Belgium – Belgium


Brissõl

Brissõl (nominative singular)
Brissõl (genitive singular)
Brissõlt (partitive singular)
Brissõlõn (dative singular)
Brissõlõks (instrumental singular)
Brissõlõ (illative singular)
Brissõlõs (inessive singular)
Brissõls (inessive singular)
Brissõlõst (elative singular)
Brissõlst (elative singular)

Compare Latvian Brisele, Estonian Brüssel.

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Brissõl – Brüssel – Brisele
Brussels – Brussels – Brussels


Bosnij

Bosnij (nominative singular)
Bosnij (genitive singular)
Bosnijõ (partitive singular)
Bosnijõn (dative singular)
Bosnijõks (instrumental singular)
Bosnijõ (illative singular)
Bosnijsõ (inessive singular)
Bosnijs (inessive singular)
Bosnijstõ (elative singular)
Bosnijst (elative singular)

Likely via Latvian Bosnija. Morphologically from bosn- + -ij.

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Bosnij – Bosnia – Bosnija
Bosnia – Bosnia – Bosnia


Horvātij

Horvātij (nominative singular)
Horvātij (genitive singular)
Horvātijõ (partitive singular)
Horvātijõn (dative singular)
Horvātijõks (instrumental singular)
Horvātijõ (illative singular)
Horvātijsõ (inessive singular)
Horvātijs (inessive singular)
Horvātijstõ (elative singular)
Horvātijst (elative singular)

Likely via Latvian Horvātija. Morphologically from horvāt- + -ij.

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Horvātij – Horvaatia – Horvātija
Croatia – Croatia – Croatia


Slovēnij

Slovēnij (nominative singular)
Slovēnij (genitive singular)
Slovēnijõ (partitive singular)
Slovēnijõn (dative singular)
Slovēnijõks (instrumental singular)
Slovēnijõ (illative singular)
Slovēnijsõ (inessive singular)
Slovēnijs (inessive singular)
Slovēnijstõ (elative singular)
Slovēnijst (elative singular)

Likely via Latvian Slovēnija. Morphologically from slovēn- + -ij.

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Slovēnij – Sloveenia – Slovēnija
Slovenia – Slovenia – Slovenia


Vāldamer

Vāldame'r (canonical)
Vāldamer (nominative singular)
Vāldamier (genitive singular)
Vāldamīerda (partitive singular)
Vāldamierrõn (dative singular)
Vāldamierkõks (instrumental singular)
Vāldamierrõ (illative singular)
Vāldamiersõ (inessive singular)
Vāldamierstõ (elative singular)

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Līvõkēļ munt vāldamiersūomõ kīeld siegās, page 249

The Livonian language among other Baltic Sea Finnic languages

Vālda/me'r – Baltijas jūra
Baltic Sea – Baltic Sea

Līvõkīel-lețkīel-līvõkīel sõnārōntõz, page 60


Sōrmō

Sōrmō (nominative singular)
Sōrmō (genitive singular)
Sōrmōdõ (partitive singular)
Sōrmōn (dative singular)
Sōrmōkõks (instrumental singular)
Sōrmōzõ (illative singular)
Sōrmōs (inessive singular)
Sōrmōsõ (inessive singular)
Sōrmōst (elative singular)
Sōrmōstõ (elative singular)
Sōrmōlõ (allative singular)
Sōrmōl (adessive singular)
Sōrmōld (ablative singular)

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Sōrmō – Saaremaa – Sāmsala, Sāremā sala
Saaremaa – Saaremaa – Saaremaa

Sōrmō – Sāmsala
Saaremaa – Saaremaa


Rūnõmō

Rū'nõmō (canonical)
Rūnõmō (nominative singular)
Rūnõmō (genitive singular)
Rūnõmōdõ (partitive singular)
Rūnõmōn (dative singular)
Rūnõmōkõks (instrumental singular)
Rūnõmōzõ (illative singular)
Rūnõmōs (inessive singular)
Rūnõmōsõ (inessive singular)
Rūnõmōst (elative singular)
Rūnõmōstõ (elative singular)
Rūnõmōlõ (allative singular)
Rūnõmōl (adessive singular)
Rūnõmōld (ablative singular)

Rū'nõ/mō – Roņu sala
Ruhnu – Ruhnu

Ruhnu (an island in the middle of the Gulf of Riga)


Pațīkmō

Pațīkmō (nominative singular)
Pațīkmō (genitive singular)
Pațīkmōdõ (partitive singular)
Pațīkmōn (dative singular)
Pațīkmōkõks (instrumental singular)
Pațīkmōzõ (illative singular)
Pațīkmōs (inessive singular)
Pațīkmōsõ (inessive singular)
Pațīkmōst (elative singular)
Pațīkmōstõ (elative singular)
Pațīkmōlõ (allative singular)
Pațīkmōl (adessive singular)
Pațīkmōld (ablative singular)

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Pațīkmō – Oviši – Oviši
Oviši – Oviši – Oviši

Oviši (a village in Ventspils Municipality on the coast of the Baltic Sea)


Kurmō

Ku'rmō (canonical)
Kurmō (nominative singular)
Kurmō (genitive singular)
Kurmōdõ (partitive singular)
Kurmōn (dative singular)
Kurmōkõks (instrumental singular)
Kurmōzõ (illative singular)
Kurmōs (inessive singular)
Kurmōsõ (inessive singular)
Kurmōst (elative singular)
Kurmōstõ (elative singular)
Kurmōlõ (allative singular)
Kurmōl (adessive singular)
Kurmōld (ablative singular)

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Kurāmō – Kuramaa – Kurzeme ~ Kurmō
Courland – Courland – Courland ~ Courland

Courland (a historical region in western Latvia)


Vāldakrīevmō

Vāldakrīevmō (nominative singular)
Vāldakrīevmō (genitive singular)
Vāldakrīevmōdõ (partitive singular)
Vāldakrīevmōn (dative singular)
Vāldakrīevmōkõks (instrumental singular)
Vāldakrīevmōzõ (illative singular)
Vāldakrīevmōs (inessive singular)
Vāldakrīevmōsõ (inessive singular)
Vāldakrīevmōst (elative singular)
Vāldakrīevmōstõ (elative singular)
Vāldakrīevmōlõ (allative singular)
Vāldakrīevmōl (adessive singular)
Vāldakrīevmōld (ablative singular)

From vālda (“white”) + krīevõz (“Russian”) + mō (“land”).

compound

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Vāldakrīevmō – Valgevene – Baltkrievija
Belarus – Belarus – Belarus


Īrõmō

Īrõmō (nominative singular)
Īrõmō (genitive singular)
Īrõmōdõ (partitive singular)
Īrõmōn (dative singular)
Īrõmōkõks (instrumental singular)
Īrõmōzõ (illative singular)
Īrõmōs (inessive singular)
Īrõmōsõ (inessive singular)
Īrõmōst (elative singular)
Īrõmōstõ (elative singular)
Īrõmōlõ (allative singular)
Īrõmōl (adessive singular)
Īrõmōld (ablative singular)

Perhaps via Estonian Iirimaa. Morphologically from īrõ + mō.

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Īrõmō – Iirimaa – Īrija
Ireland – Ireland – Ireland


Tsībõrmō

Tsībõrmō (nominative singular)
Tsībõrmō (genitive singular)
Tsībõrmōdõ (partitive singular)
Tsībõrmōn (dative singular)
Tsībõrmōkõks (instrumental singular)
Tsībõrmōzõ (illative singular)
Tsībõrmōs (inessive singular)
Tsībõrmōsõ (inessive singular)
Tsībõrmōst (elative singular)
Tsībõrmōstõ (elative singular)
Tsībõrmōlõ (allative singular)
Tsībõrmōl (adessive singular)
Tsībõrmōld (ablative singular)

Tsībõr/mō – Sibīrija
Siberia – Siberia


Tirkmō

Tirkmō (nominative singular)
Tirkmō (genitive singular)
Tirkmōdõ (partitive singular)
Tirkmōn (dative singular)
Tirkmōkõks (instrumental singular)
Tirkmōzõ (illative singular)
Tirkmōs (inessive singular)
Tirkmōsõ (inessive singular)
Tirkmōst (elative singular)
Tirkmōstõ (elative singular)
Tirkmōlõ (allative singular)
Tirkmōl (adessive singular)
Tirkmōld (ablative singular)

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Tirkmō – Türgi – Turcija
Turkey – Turkey – Turkey

Turkey (country at the intersection of Europe and Asia on the Mediterranean)


Jeimer

Jeime'r (canonical)
Jeimer (nominative singular)
Jeimier (genitive singular)
Jeimīerda (partitive singular)
Jeimierrõn (dative singular)
Jeimierkõks (instrumental singular)
Jeimierrõ (illative singular)
Jeimiersõ (inessive singular)
Jeimierstõ (elative singular)

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Jeimer – Põhja-Jäämeri – Ziemeļu ledus okeāns
Arctic Ocean – Arctic Ocean – Arctic Ocean


Kurāmō

Kurāmō (nominative singular)
Kurāmō (genitive singular)
Kurāmōdõ (partitive singular)
Kurāmōn (dative singular)
Kurāmōkõks (instrumental singular)
Kurāmōzõ (illative singular)
Kurāmōs (inessive singular)
Kurāmōsõ (inessive singular)
Kurāmōst (elative singular)
Kurāmōstõ (elative singular)
Kurāmōlõ (allative singular)
Kurāmōl (adessive singular)
Kurāmōld (ablative singular)

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Kurāmō – Kuramaa – Kurzeme
Courland – Courland – Courland

Valda Šuvcāne, Ieva Ernštreite (1999, 2005), Latvian-Livonian-English Phrase Book, Eraksti, →ISBN
Kurzeme – Kurāmō – Kurzeme; Courland
Courland – Courland – Courland


Pūojmer

Pū'ojme'r (canonical)
Pūojmer (nominative singular)
Pūojmier (genitive singular)
Pūojmīerda (partitive singular)
Pūojmierrõn (dative singular)
Pūojmierkõks (instrumental singular)
Pūojmierrõ (illative singular)
Pūojmiersõ (inessive singular)
Pūojmierstõ (elative singular)

From pūoj (“bottom, north”) + mer (“sea”).

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Pūojmer – Põhjameri – Ziemeļjūra
North Sea – North Sea – North Sea


Kīnõmō

Kīnõmō (nominative singular)
Kīnõmō (genitive singular)
Kīnõmōdõ (partitive singular)
Kīnõmōn (dative singular)
Kīnõmōkõks (instrumental singular)
Kīnõmōzõ (illative singular)
Kīnõmōs (inessive singular)
Kīnõmōsõ (inessive singular)
Kīnõmōst (elative singular)
Kīnõmōstõ (elative singular)
Kīnõmōlõ (allative singular)
Kīnõmōl (adessive singular)
Kīnõmōld (ablative singular)

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Kīnõmō – Hiina – Ķīna
China – China – China


Pǟrnov

Pǟrnov (nominative singular)
Pǟrnov (genitive singular)
Pǟrnovt (partitive singular)
Pǟrnovn (dative singular)
Pǟrnovks (instrumental singular)
Pǟrnovõ (illative singular)
Pǟrnovs (inessive singular)
Pǟrnovst (elative singular)

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Pǟrnov – Pärnu – Pērnava
Pärnu – Pärnu – Pärnu


Tukāmō

Tukāmō (nominative singular)
Tukāmō (genitive singular)
Tukāmōdõ (partitive singular)
Tukāmōn (dative singular)
Tukāmōkõks (instrumental singular)
Tukāmōzõ (illative singular)
Tukāmōs (inessive singular)
Tukāmōsõ (inessive singular)
Tukāmōst (elative singular)
Tukāmōstõ (elative singular)
Tukāmōlõ (allative singular)
Tukāmōl (adessive singular)
Tukāmōld (ablative singular)

Morphologically from tukā + mō. Endzelīns has tried to link Latvian Tukums with tūkt. Dzintra Hirša offers a Finnic source, including Estonian tukkuma (“to snooze”), tukk, tuka (“crest, nape”) + maa (“land”), Livonian tutkām (“tip, end”) + mō (“land”).

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Tukāmō – Tukums – Tukums
Tukums – Tukums – Tukums


Sibīrij

Sibīrij (nominative singular)
Sibīrij (genitive singular)
Sibīrijõ (partitive singular)
Sibīrijõn (dative singular)
Sibīrijõks (instrumental singular)
Sibīrijõ (illative singular)
Sibīrijsõ (inessive singular)
Sibīrijs (inessive singular)
Sibīrijstõ (elative singular)
Sibīrijst (elative singular)

Likely via Latvian Sibīrija. Morphologically from sibīr- + -ij.

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Sibīrij – Siber – Sibīrija
Siberia – Siberia – Siberia


Īra joug

Īra jo'ug (canonical)
Īra joug (nominative singular)
Īra joug (genitive singular)
Īra jougõ (partitive singular)
Īra jougõn (dative singular)
Īra jougkõks (instrumental singular)
Īra jougõ (illative singular)
Īra jougsõ (inessive singular)
Īra jougs (inessive singular)
Īra jougstõ (elative singular)
Īra jougst (elative singular)

The name of the river should be linked with Livonian īrva, īra (“doe, female deer”) (compare Estonian hirv, hirbe). This is one of the first toponyms of a place populated by Livonians to be attested – in 1290 as aquam, quae Yrva dicitur.

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Īra joug – Īra jõgi – Irbes upe
River Irbe – River Irbe – River Irbe


Kāndab

Kāndab (nominative singular)
Kāndab (genitive singular)
Kāndabt (partitive singular)
Kāndabõn (dative singular)
Kāndabõks (instrumental singular)
Kāndabõ (illative singular)
Kāndabõs (inessive singular)
Kāndabs (inessive singular)
Kāndabõst (elative singular)
Kāndabst (elative singular)

Latvian Kandava could be of Livonian origin, compare Livonian kand (“stump”) but since its ending -ava is Baltic, the stem could be of Baltic origin as well, compare a Lithuanian place name Kandžiai, Old Prussian Candeyn, a place name in Illyria Candāvia, Κανδαουία (Kandaouía). In Indo-European linguistics this stem has also been interpreted as meaning "light" (V. Tomašek.)

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Kāndab – Kandava – Kandava
Kandava – Kandava – Kandava


Īra

Īra (nominative singular)
Īra (genitive singular)
Irrõ (partitive singular)
Īran (dative singular)
Īraks (instrumental singular)
Irrõ (illative singular)
Īras (inessive singular)
Īrast (elative singular)

Among the first Livonian village names to be attested – in 1387 as Domesnes, Minor Irwa, Sigkeragke, Irvemunde, Gipkewalme. Minor Irwa or Livonian Irai, Ire (~ Irē), Latvian Mazirbe (dialectal Maģier) should be etymologized just like the name of Īra joug. The Estonian term for this village was Irve. The question of the qualifier Minor for Mazirbe in the 14th century Latin text remains open as Lielirbe was called Irwemunde back then (thus there was no opposition between "Big Irbe" and "Small Irbe".) It is evident that both villages got their names from the names of the rivers: Ire joug (~ Irē joug) and Īra joug. The name of the village Irwemunde was replaced by Gross Irwen in 1582-1583.

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Īra – Lielirbe – Lielirbe
Lielirbe – Lielirbe – Lielirbe

Lielirbe (a village in Courland, Latvia)


Jālgab

Jālgab (nominative singular)
Jālgab (genitive singular)
Jālgabt (partitive singular)
Jālgabõn (dative singular)
Jālgabõks (instrumental singular)
Jālgabõ (illative singular)
Jālgabõs (inessive singular)
Jālgabs (inessive singular)
Jālgabõst (elative singular)
Jālgabst (elative singular)

Latvian proper noun Jelgava and 17th century countable noun jelgava (“town, city”) (later replaced by pilsēta) are popularly believed to be a borrowing from Livonian jālgab (“town, city”). Karulis, however, thinks that this word doesn't have a plausible Finnic etymology and suggests it being a borrowing from Latvian, in Latvian ultimately from *Heh₃l- (“to bend”) whence also leja (“underside, depression, valley”), dialectal meanings of elks (“elbow, part of sleeve around elbow, turn, angle”), elkonis (“elbow”). The name of Jelgava could also be related to dialectal jelgs (“wet”) or the noun jelga (“a swampy place”).
Karulis' version, however, raises questions as Jelgava has been historically called Mītava and Mitau in Latvian and German respectively (according to Karulis himself of Baltic stock, cognate with the verb mīt (“to stagger, shift, trade”)). (Kersti Boiko also tangentially mentions Nītauja as an earlier name for Jelgava.) Suggesting Livonian borrowing from Latvian a term that perhaps was not even used in Latvian at that time is anachronistic.

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Jālgab – Jelgava – Jelgava
Jelgava – Jelgava – Jelgava


Irē

Irē (nominative singular)
Irē (genitive singular)
Irrõ (partitive singular)
Irēn (dative singular)
Irēks (instrumental singular)
Irrõ (illative singular)
Irēs (inessive singular)
Irēst (elative singular)

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Irē – Irē – Mazirbe
Mazirbe – Mazirbe – Mazirbe


Kūolka kõlā

Kūolka kõlā (nominative singular)
Kūolka kõlā (genitive singular)
Kūolka kõllõ (partitive singular)
Kūolka kõlān (dative singular)
Kūolka kõlāks (instrumental singular)
Kūolka kõllõ (illative singular)
Kūolka kõlās (inessive singular)
Kūolka kõlāst (elative singular)

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Kūolka kõlā – Kūolka laht – Kolkas līcis
Kolka Bight – Kolka Bight – Kolka Bight

Kolka Bight (a bight on the eastern coast of Courland peninsula, Latvia)


Irē joug

Irē jo'ug (canonical)
Irē joug (nominative singular)
Irē joug (genitive singular)
Irē jougõ (partitive singular)
Irē jougõn (dative singular)
Irē jougkõks (instrumental singular)
Irē jougõ (illative singular)
Irē jougsõ (inessive singular)
Irē jougs (inessive singular)
Irē jougstõ (elative singular)
Irē jougst (elative singular)

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Irē joug – Irē jõgi – Mazirbes upe
River Mazirbe – River Mazirbe – River Mazirbe


Lūž

Lū'ž (canonical)
Lūž (nominative singular)
Lūž (genitive singular)
Lūžõ (partitive singular)
Lūžõn (dative singular)
Lūžõks (instrumental singular)
Lūžõ (illative singular)
Lūžõs (inessive singular)
Lūžõst (elative singular)

Kersti Boiko suggests the Latvian name Lūžņa as the source of the Livonian name. Compare dialectal lūžņa (“a place where trees have been felled by wind”) from the verb lūzt (“to break”).

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Lūž – Lūž – Lūžņa
Lūžņa – Lūžņa – Lūžņa


Kūolka nanā

Kūolka nanā (nominative singular)
Kūolka nanā (genitive singular)
Kūolka nannõ (partitive singular)
Kūolka nanān (dative singular)
Kūolka nanāks (instrumental singular)
Kūolka nannõ (illative singular)
Kūolka nanās (inessive singular)
Kūolka nanāst (elative singular)

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Kūolka nanā – Kūolka neem – Kolkasrags
Cape Kolka – Cape Kolka – Cape Kolka

Cape Kolka (northernmost point of the Courland peninsula, Latvia)


Rūoj

Rūoj (nominative singular)
Rūoj (genitive singular)
Rūojõ (partitive singular)
Rūojõn (dative singular)
Rūojõks (instrumental singular)
Rūojõ (illative singular)
Rūojsõ (inessive singular)
Rūojs (inessive singular)
Rūojstõ (elative singular)
Rūojst (elative singular)

Dzintra Hirša suggests that Latvian Ruoja could be related to Livonian ruoi (“grass”).
LĒL only lists āina for the meanings "hay, grass, medicine," however, compare Estonian rohi. The 19th century LDW, however, lists ruoi as "grass."

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Rūoj – Roja – Roja
Roja – Roja – Roja

Roja (a populated place in Latvia on the coast of Gulf of Riga)


Pitrõg

Pitrõg (nominative singular)
Pitrõg (genitive singular)
Pitrõgt (partitive singular)
Pitrõgõn (dative singular)
Pitrõgõks (instrumental singular)
Pitrõgõ (illative singular)
Pitrõgs (inessive singular)
Pitrõgst (elative singular)

Historically Pudteraggen – Latvian Pitrags, Livonian Pitrõg. According to V. Kiprasky this term might be a compound of põddõrz (“moose, elk”) + aigā (“coast, edge”) and ⟨u⟩ in 16th century writing could reflect Latvian pronunciation of the term. In Livonian itself a shift õ > ü > i could have taken place. This is not without problems, however, as such a shift has taken place in the western dialect of Livonian, however, Pitrags is located within the area of the eastern dialect.

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Pitrõg – Pitrõg – Pitrags
Pitrags – Pitrags – Pitrags


Kūolka

Kūolka (nominative singular)
Kūolka (genitive singular)
Kuolkõ (partitive singular)
Kūolkan (dative singular)
Kūolkaks (instrumental singular)
Kuolkõ (illative singular)
Kūolkas (inessive singular)
Kūolkast (elative singular)

Variations of Kolka start appearing in documents only from around 18th century, before that the geographical feature was called Domesnes for several centuries. The term is a common Finnic lexeme meaning "corner" – Estonian kolgas, kolk, Finnish kolkka. In Estonian usage in the sense "gulf, bay" is attested. Since in Livonian this lexeme is attested only as a toponym it possible that it is a borrowing from Estonian.
A variation of the earlier name has been mentioned as Tumisnis (together with Simkala – "Semigallia, Zemgale") on the 11th century Mervallastenen rune stone – the earliest attested explicit mention of a Latvian geographical feature in any written source.

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Kūolka – Kūolka – Kolka
Kolka – Kolka – Kolka


Mustānum

Mustānum (nominative singular)
Mustānum (genitive singular)
Mustānummõ (partitive singular)
Mustānummõn (dative singular)
Mustānummõks (instrumental singular)
Mustānummõ (illative singular)
Mustānumsõ (inessive singular)
Mustānums (inessive singular)
Mustānumstõ (elative singular)
Mustānumst (elative singular)

This toponym also appears comparably late (like Kūolka and Kuoštrõg) and it is difficult to determine in which language it originated [the Latvian and Livonian versions are semantically identical]. V. Kiparsky has suggested that its earlier name might have been the Baltic Sareyken mentioned in 16th century documents as a populated place between Ģipka and Kolka.
Morphologically from mustā (“black”) + num (“pine forest”).

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Mustānum – Mustānum – Melnsils
Melnsils – Melnsils – Melnsils

Melnsils (a village in Courland, Latvia)


Ūžkilā

Ūžkilā (nominative singular)
Ūdkilā (genitive singular)
Ūdtõkillõ (partitive singular)
Ūdõnkilān (dative singular)
Ūdkõkskilāks (instrumental singular)
Ūdõkillõ (illative singular)
Ūdsõkilās (inessive singular)
Ūdskilās (inessive singular)
Ūdstõkilāst (elative singular)
Ūdstkilāst (elative singular)

Historically Newendorf (having appeared in 1528-1583 Piltenes vaku reģistrs) – Latvian Jaunciems, Livonian Ūžkilā. The German name doesn't allow to draw any conclusions as to which language was the originator of the term.
Morphologically from ūž (“new”) + kilā (“village”).

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Ūžkilā – Ūžkilā – Jaunciems
Jaunciems – Jaunciems – Jaunciems

Jaunciems (a village in Courland, Latvia)


Kuoštrõg

Kuoštrõg (nominative singular)
Kuoštrõg (genitive singular)
Kuoštrõgt (partitive singular)
Kuoštrõgõn (dative singular)
Kuoštrõgõks (instrumental singular)
Kuoštrõgõ (illative singular)
Kuoštrõgs (inessive singular)
Kuoštrõgst (elative singular)

Like Kūolka the name of Košrags appears in documents only starting with the 18th century. According to L. Kettunen the term may have come from the name of a river Koštõr-joug, he allows the possibility that the ending may stem from agja [aigā?] "edge, area" as well.
The etymology of the first component (Koštõr), however, remains unclear. Of interest is an early variant Košt-joug and Košt-joug-küla which would suggest that the first component might have been Košt- initially. Perhaps it comes from a shortened form of the Latin given name Constantinus. According to sources such names were given not only in the territory of Estonia but by Finnic peoples in Latvia as well: in 1289 – Coste in Riga, from 1355-1362 Coste around Kuldīga also in 15th century – Costi in Rūjiena. The form Kuošt- might have predictably been derived from Koosti common in Estonia but -rags, -rõg (commonly believed to be a Latvian element) might have been added according to the local tradition [cf. Sīkrõg].

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Kuoštrõg – Kuoštrõg – Košrags
Košrags – Košrags – Košrags


Prantšmō

Prantšmō (nominative singular)
Prantšmō (genitive singular)
Prantšmōdõ (partitive singular)
Prantšmōn (dative singular)
Prantšmōkõks (instrumental singular)
Prantšmōzõ (illative singular)
Prantšmōs (inessive singular)
Prantšmōsõ (inessive singular)
Prantšmōst (elative singular)
Prantšmōstõ (elative singular)
Prantšmōlõ (allative singular)
Prantšmōl (adessive singular)
Prantšmōld (ablative singular)

Francija – Prantš/mō
France – France

Līvõkīel-lețkīel-līvõkīel sõnārōntõz, page 95


Sǟnag

Sǟnag (nominative singular)
Sǟnag (genitive singular)
Sǟnagt (partitive singular)
Sǟnagõn (dative singular)
Sǟnagõks (instrumental singular)
Sǟnagõ (illative singular)
Sǟnags (inessive singular)
Sǟnagst (elative singular)

Historically Sounaggen – Latvian Saunags, Livonian Sǟnag. L. Kettunen tentatively links this term to a name of a fish common in Finnic languages: Estonian säinas, säinakas, Finnish säynävä, Veps säunged – Lucioperca lucioperca [according to LĒL the standard name of this species of fish is zāndat]. According to Kettunen's dictionary at least in the 20th century there has been no such a word in the Livonian language, however, according to reconstruction it should have been *säunag. Thus it is possible that the name derives from another Finnic language. Perhaps from Estonian. Like in the case of Pitrõg its historical spelling (Sounaggen) likely reflects its Latvian pronunciation.

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Sǟnag – Sǟnag – Saunags
Saunags – Saunags – Saunags


Vaid

Va'id (canonical)
Vaid (nominative singular)
Vaid (genitive singular)
Vaidõ (partitive singular)
Vaidõn (dative singular)
Vaidõks (instrumental singular)
Vaidõ (illative singular)
Vaidõs (inessive singular)
Vaids (inessive singular)
Vaidõst (elative singular)
Vaidst (elative singular)

Historically Wayden – Latvian Vaide, Livonian Vaid. Of Finnic origin, cognate with Livonian vait (“gap, difference”), its Estonian cognate (apparently vahe is meant) has a meaning "border, boundary" attested, it is possible that the Livonian term may have had this meaning as well.

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Vaid – Vaide – Vaide
Vaide – Vaide – Vaide


Salāts

Salāts (nominative singular)
Salāts (genitive singular)
Salātsõ (partitive singular)
Salātsõn (dative singular)
Salātsõks (instrumental singular)
Salātsõ (illative singular)
Salātsõs (inessive singular)
Salātsõst (elative singular)

Compare Latvian Salaca, Estonian Salatsi.

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Salāts – Salatsi – Salaca
Salaca – Salaca – Salaca


Sīkrõg

Sīkrõg (nominative singular)
Sīkrõg (genitive singular)
Sīkrõgt (partitive singular)
Sīkrõgõn (dative singular)
Sīkrõgõks (instrumental singular)
Sīkrõgõ (illative singular)
Sīkrõgs (inessive singular)
Sīkrõgst (elative singular)

It is difficult to draw conclusions on the name of Sīkrags, Sīkrõg. According to A. Bīlenšteins the term is simply a compound of Latvian sīks (“tiny”) + rags (“cape, horn”). The Finnish linguist Valentin Kiparsky is convinced that it is impossible to find a plausible Finnic etymology for this term. Only the first component according to him could be derived from the Livonian name of a fish sīg (sīgõz (Coregonus lavaretus) in LĒL), compare Estonian siig, Finnish siika, Veps sīg, although this lexeme can be found in Latvian as well (sīga), some linguists, however, consider it a borrowing from Finnic, although parallels can be found in Germanic and Slavic languages.
According to a folk etymology interpretation the first component is sigā (“pig”).
There have been many speculations on the second component -rõg. There are approximately 60 toponyms on the Latvian coast with this component (including Pitrõg and Kuoštrõg (their etymologizations have been very different, however, q.v.)) Latvian rags (“horn (of an animal), horn (geographical feature), cape”) is probably the most likely source. According to V. Kiparsky this would suggests that the location was initially inhabited by Latvians. It is also possible that the compound is made up of components from two different languages.

der

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Sīkrõg – Sīkrõg – Sīkrags
Sīkrags – Sīkrags – Sīkrags


Dūoņig

Dūoņig (nominative singular)
Dūoņig (genitive singular)
Dūoņigt (partitive singular)
Dūoņigõn (dative singular)
Dūoņigõks (instrumental singular)
Dūoņigõ (illative singular)
Dūoņigs (inessive singular)
Dūoņigst (elative singular)

Compare Latvian Dundaga, Estonian Tooninge.

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Dūoņig – Tooninge – Dundaga
Dundaga – Dundaga – Dundaga


Rūnõ

Rū'nõ (canonical)
Rūnõ (nominative singular)
Rūnõ (genitive singular)
Rūnõ (partitive singular)
Rūnõn (dative singular)
Rūnõks (instrumental singular)
Rūnõ (illative singular)
Rūnõz (illative singular)
Rūnõs (inessive singular)
Rūnõst (elative singular)

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Rūnõ – Ruhnu – Roņu sala
Ruhnu – Ruhnu – Ruhnu

Ruhnu (an Estonian island in the Gulf of Riga)


Vǟnta

Vǟnta (nominative singular)
Vǟnta (genitive singular)
Väntõ (partitive singular)
Vǟntan (dative singular)
Vǟntaks (instrumental singular)
Väntõ (illative singular)
Vǟntas (inessive singular)
Vǟntast (elative singular)

Compare Latvian Venta (“River Venta”) /vænta/.

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Vǟnta – Ventspils – Ventspils
Ventspils – Ventspils – Ventspils


Pizā

Pizā (nominative singular)
Pizā (genitive singular)
Pizzõ (partitive singular)
Pizān (dative singular)
Pizāks (instrumental singular)
Pizzõ (illative singular)
Pizās (inessive singular)
Pizāst (elative singular)

Historically Pissen (attested from 1502 as weg, den von Stanszen vnnd Piszen herkombt) – Latvian Miķeļbāka, Pizesciems (Pize) or officially Miķeļtornis, Livonian Pizā. This toponym could be of Baltic origin: compare Old Prussian Pysekaym (1384), Pisdekaym (1388), Piselauk (1419), and parallels can be found in Lithuanian toponymy as well, e.g. Pisa (river); compare also Latvian Pisiņš (lake), Pisupīte, etc. The Lithuanian linguist A. Vanagas connects all these toponyms with Latvian pisa (“a bog, marsh, swamp without a bottom where only small birches and firs grow”), pise (“very thick forest”). An Old Prussian personal name Pisz (1261) should be noted too.

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Pizā – Pizā – Miķeļtornis
Miķeļtornis – Miķeļtornis – Miķeļtornis

Miķeļtornis (a village in Courland, Latvia)


Kuldīg

Kuldīg (nominative singular)
Kuldīg (genitive singular)
Kuldīgt (partitive singular)
Kuldīgõn (dative singular)
Kuldīgõks (instrumental singular)
Kuldīgõ (illative singular)
Kuldīgõs (inessive singular)
Kuldīgs (inessive singular)
Kuldīgõst (elative singular)
Kuldīgst (elative singular)

Apparently from Latvian Kuldīga. According to Karulis possibly ultimately from the iterative form of kult (“to beat (eggs, etc.), thrash”) – kuldīt whence kuldīgs (“thrashing around, turbulent (of waters)”), the German Goldingen possibly from an earlier version *Kuldinga.

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Kuldīg – Kuldīga – Kuldīga
Kuldīga – Kuldīga – Kuldīga


Vēna

Vēna (nominative singular)
Vēna (genitive singular)
Veinõ (partitive singular)
Vēnan (dative singular)
Vēnaks (instrumental singular)
Veinõ (illative singular)
Vēnas (inessive singular)
Vēnast (elative singular)

Compare Finnish Väinäjoki, Estonian Väina jõgi.
In Estonian väin (archaic form is väinas) means (sea) strait; In Livonian vēna also means a wide estuary or a port. An Indo-European loan word via Proto-Balto-Slavic. Proto-Slavic *dvina < Proto-Indo-European *dʰweynā (compare Dviná, Russian name for Daugava). Indo-European *dʰew- means "to run, to flow"; *dʰew-e-ti "(it) flows, runs"; compare Sanskrit धावति (dhāvati, “run, flow, move”). There's speculated connection with Icelandic dvína "to diminish" (i.e. in this connection as "diminishing, dwindling river"), but maybe it just comes from the abovementioned Indo-European root.

cog

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Vēna – Väina jõgi – Daugava
Daugava – Daugava – Daugava

River Daugava (the largest river in Latvia)


Gipk

Gipk (nominative singular)
Gipk (genitive singular)
Gipkõ (partitive singular)
Gipkõn (dative singular)
Gipkõks (instrumental singular)
Gipkõ (illative singular)
Gipkõs (inessive singular)
Gipks (inessive singular)
Gipkõst (elative singular)
Gipkst (elative singular)

Historically Gipkewalme (in 1424 also Gypkewalke) – Latvian Ģipka, Livonian Gipk. Unequivocally considered to be of Baltic stock. The first component in the historical compounds has been linked with a family name Gibbeke by V. Kiparsky, also suggesting that it could be of Old Prussian or Lithuanian origin. Records, however, show that similar names have been documented in many places in Courland: in 1523 – Hans Gybbe, Hermen Gibbedoeth, Hansz Gibbene. 14th to 16th century records show other toponyms with a similar connection, e.g., in 1551 – by Gibben, in 1331 – in villa Gybelendorpe, in 1542 – Gibelen (= Ģibuļniek, Ģibuļgals). Some of the toponyms have, indeed, been derived from personal names, however, the (dialectal) Latvian verb ģibt (“to sink in, get stuck”) must be noted. Endzelīns has doubted Latvian provenience of this verb, suggesting a Curonian source, in this case Curonians might have been the ones to name the village.
The second component in the historical forms (-walme, -walke) might correspond to the geographical appellation valks (in modern Latvian.)

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Gipk – Ģipka – Ģipka
Ģipka – Ģipka – Ģipka


Pǟva

Pǟva (nominative singular)
Pǟva (genitive singular)
Päuvõ (partitive singular)
Pǟvan (dative singular)
Pǟvaks (instrumental singular)
Päuvõ (illative singular)
Pǟvas (inessive singular)
Pǟvast (elative singular)

Sun (the star at the center of the Solar System)


statsij

statsij (nominative singular)
statsijd (nominative plural)
statsij (genitive singular)
statsijd (genitive plural)
statsijõ (partitive singular)
statsijḑi (partitive plural)
statsijõn (dative singular)
statsijdõn (dative plural)
statsijõks (instrumental singular)
statsijdkõks (instrumental plural)
statsijõ (illative singular)
statsijži (illative plural)
statsijsõ (inessive singular)
statsijs (inessive singular)
statsijši (inessive plural)
statsijstõ (elative singular)
statsijst (elative singular)
statsijšti (elative plural)

Apparently ultimately from Latin. See etymology at English station. Morphologically from stats + -ij.

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
statsij – jaam – stacija
station – station – station