ab

a'b (canonical)
ab (nominative singular)
abūd (nominative plural)
ab (genitive singular)
abūd (genitive plural)
abbõ (partitive singular)
abḑi (partitive plural)
abbõn (dative singular)
abūdõn (dative plural)
abkõks (instrumental singular)
abūdõks (instrumental plural)
abbõ (illative singular)
abži (illative plural)
absõ (inessive singular)
abs (inessive singular)
abši (inessive plural)
abstõ (elative singular)
abst (elative singular)
abšti (elative plural)

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA

recoiled, flinched (lit. "head is drawn in shoulders")


tuba

From Proto-Finnic *tupa. Related to Finnish tupa.


arm

From Proto-Finnic *armo. Akin to Finnish armo.


sama

Borrowing from a Slavic language, compare Serbo-Croatian som.


mer

me'r (canonical)
mer (nominative singular)
mierūd (nominative plural)
mier (genitive singular)
mierūd (genitive plural)
mīerda (partitive singular)
meŗḑi (partitive plural)
mierrõn (dative singular)
mierūdõn (dative plural)
mierkõks (instrumental singular)
mierūdõks (instrumental plural)
mierrõ (illative singular)
mierīž (illative plural)
miersõ (inessive singular)
meŗši (inessive plural)
mierstõ (elative singular)
meŗšti (elative plural)
mie'r (alternative)
meŕ (alternative)

From Proto-Finnic *meri. Akin to Finnish meri.


kaffe

kaffe (nominative singular)
kaffed (nominative plural)
kaffe (genitive singular)
kaffed (genitive plural)
kaffe (partitive singular)
kaffidi (partitive plural)
kaffen (dative singular)
kaffedõn (dative plural)
kaffeks (instrumental singular)
kaffedõks (instrumental plural)
kaffe (illative singular)
kaffez (illative singular)
kaffiž (illative plural)
kaffes (inessive singular)
kaffis (inessive plural)
kaffest (elative singular)
kaffist (elative plural)

Latvian kafija seems unlikely as a mediator (unless the addition of -ija (as popularized by Juris Alunāns) is a more recent development, Karulis doesn't list kafija) thus possibly directly from German Kaffee.


pat

From Proto-Finnic *patto. Cognates include Estonian patt.


äl

äl (nominative singular)
ǟlõd (nominative plural)
äl (genitive singular)
ǟlõd (genitive plural)
ällõ (partitive singular)
ǟlidi (partitive plural)
ällõn (dative singular)
ǟlõdõn (dative plural)
ällõks (instrumental singular)
ǟlõdõks (instrumental plural)
ällõ (illative singular)
ǟliž (illative plural)
älsõ (inessive singular)
äls (inessive singular)
ǟlis (inessive plural)
älstõ (elative singular)
ǟlist (elative plural)

mäddõn vȯļ dēļist nēļakaņțlimi äl tīedõd

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA laps äl a child's cradle sūr äl cradle suspended by ropes (lit. "big cradle")

we had a rectangular cradle made from wooden planks


lug

From Proto-Finnic *luku. Cognates include Finnish luku.


tup

tup (nominative singular)
tupūd (nominative plural)
tup (genitive singular)
tupūd (genitive plural)
tuppõ (partitive singular)
tupīdi (partitive plural)
tuppõn (dative singular)
tupūdõn (dative plural)
tuppõks (instrumental singular)
tupūdõks (instrumental plural)
tuppõ (illative singular)
tupīž (illative plural)
tupsõ (inessive singular)
tups (inessive singular)
tupīs (inessive plural)
tupstõ (elative singular)
tupst (elative singular)
tupīst (elative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *tuppi, possibly borrowed from Proto-Germanic *duppaz. Cognates include Finnish tuppi.


amat

Borrowing from a Germanic language, compare German Amt (“office”).


rok

From Proto-Finnic *rokka, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *rokka. Cognates include Finnish rokka.


tei

tei (nominative singular)
teid (nominative plural)
tei (genitive singular)
teid (genitive plural)
teiõ (partitive singular)
tēḑi (partitive plural)
teiõn (dative singular)
teidõn (dative plural)
teiõks (instrumental singular)
teidõks (instrumental plural)
teiõ (illative singular)
tēži (illative plural)
teiõs (inessive singular)
teis (inessive singular)
tēši (inessive plural)
teiõst (elative singular)
teist (elative singular)
tēšti (elative plural)


mag

From Proto-Finnic *mako. Related to Finnish maha.


val

From Proto-Finnic *valo, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *waĺɜ. Cognates include Finnish valo.


nodal

From a Germanic language, compare Proto-West Germanic *natilā.


sou

From Proto-Finnic *savu, from Proto-Finno-Permic *sawe. Cognates include Finnish savu.


tas

tas (nominative singular)
tassõd (nominative plural)
tas (genitive singular)
tassõd (genitive plural)
tassõ (partitive singular)
tassidi (partitive plural)
tassõn (dative singular)
tassõdõn (dative plural)
tassõks (instrumental singular)
tassõdõks (instrumental plural)
tassõ (illative singular)
tassiž (illative plural)
tassõs (inessive singular)
tassis (inessive plural)
tassõst (elative singular)
tassist (elative plural)

Likely borrowed from Latvian tase. Ultimately from French tasse.


tint

tint (nominative singular)
tīntõd (nominative plural)
tint (genitive singular)
tīntõd (genitive plural)
tintõ (partitive singular)
tīntidi (partitive plural)
tintõn (dative singular)
tīntõdõn (dative plural)
tintkõks (instrumental singular)
tīntõdõks (instrumental plural)
tintõ (illative singular)
tīntiž (illative plural)
tintsõ (inessive singular)
tīntis (inessive plural)
tintstõ (elative singular)
tīntist (elative plural)

Apparently from German Tinte. See etymology at Latvian tinte.

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
tint – tint – tinte
ink – ink – ink


sala

Borrowed from a Baltic language, compare Lithuanian sala.


februar

februar (nominative singular)
februarõd (nominative plural)
februar (genitive singular)
februarõd (genitive plural)
februarõ (partitive singular)
februaridi (partitive plural)
februarõn (dative singular)
februarõdõn (dative plural)
februarõks (instrumental singular)
februarõdõks (instrumental plural)
februarõ (illative singular)
februariž (illative plural)
februars (inessive singular)
februaris (inessive plural)
februarst (elative singular)
februarist (elative plural)

Apparently ultimately from Latin. See etymology at English February.


april

april (nominative singular)
aprilõd (nominative plural)
april (genitive singular)
aprilõd (genitive plural)
aprilõ (partitive singular)
aprilidi (partitive plural)
aprilõn (dative singular)
aprilõdõn (dative plural)
aprilõks (instrumental singular)
aprilõdõks (instrumental plural)
aprilõ (illative singular)
apriliž (illative plural)
aprils (inessive singular)
aprilis (inessive plural)
aprilst (elative singular)
aprilist (elative plural)

Ultimately from Latin. See etymology at English April.

https://web.archive.org/web/20130106154311/http://livones.net/
LKS vāldiž tīemiz pivād vȯltõ 1994. āigast 2. aprils
the opening ceremony (lit. "celebration of opening operation") of LKS (Līvõ Kultūr sidām) was on April 2, 1994


num

From Proto-Finnic *nummi. Cognates include Finnish nummi.


muna

From Proto-Finnic *muna, from Proto-Uralic *muna.


tara

From Proto-Finnic *tarha, related to Finnish tarha.


kok

Probably borrowed from Middle Low German [Term?]. Cognate with Estonian kokk.


mur

mur (nominative singular)
murūd (nominative plural)
mur (genitive singular)
murūd (genitive plural)
murtõ (partitive singular)
murīdi (partitive plural)
murrõn (dative singular)
murūdõn (dative plural)
murkõks (instrumental singular)
murūdõks (instrumental plural)
murrõ (illative singular)
murīž (illative plural)
mursõ (inessive singular)
murši (inessive plural)
murstõ (elative singular)
muršti (elative plural)
mu'r (alternative)

From Proto-Finnic *murëh. Cognate with Estonian mure, Finnish murhe.


naba

From Proto-Finnic *napa, borrowed from Baltic or less likely from Germanic. Cognates include Finnish napa.


vag

vag (nominative singular)
vagūd (nominative plural)
vag (genitive singular)
vagūd (genitive plural)
vaggõ (partitive singular)
vagḑi (partitive plural)
vaggõn (dative singular)
vagūdõn (dative plural)
vagkõks (instrumental singular)
vagūdõks (instrumental plural)
vaggõ (illative singular)
vagži (illative plural)
vagsõ (inessive singular)
vags (inessive singular)
vagši (inessive plural)
vagstõ (elative singular)
vagst (elative singular)
vagšti (elative plural)
va'g (alternative)

From Proto-Finnic *vako, borrowed from Baltic. Cognates include Finnish vako.


jel

From Proto-Finnic *elo. Cognates include Finnish elo.


tamm

From Proto-Finnic *tammi. Cognates include Finnish tammi.


lega

From Proto-Finnic *lika. Cognates include Finnish lika.


kad

From Proto-Finnic *kadëh, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *skaþiz. Cognates include Finnish kade.


rek

Unknown; possibly related to Finnish retki.


lina

From East Baltic, just as Estonian lina. Compare Lithuanian linas and Latvian lini.
Hypothetised to be derived from Proto-Indo-European *lino-, although it's impossible to reconstruct a common PIE protoform due to discrepancies with other European branches and absence of cognates outside of Europe.
If originally a non-IE loanword, locating the source is impossible because cultivation of linen was widespread in the region since the Neolithic.


sū

From Proto-Finnic *suu, from Proto-Uralic *śuwe. Cognates include Estonian suu and Finnish suu.


pōr

pōr (nominative singular)
pōrõd (nominative plural)
pōr (genitive singular)
pōrõd (genitive plural)
pōrõ (partitive singular)
pōridi (partitive plural)
pōrõn (dative singular)
pōrõdõn (dative plural)
pōrõks (instrumental singular)
pōrõdõks (instrumental plural)
pōrõ (illative singular)
pōriž (illative plural)
pōrsõ (inessive singular)
pōrs (inessive singular)
pōris (inessive plural)
pōrstõ (elative singular)
pōrst (elative singular)
pōrist (elative plural)
pōŗ (alternative)


lum

lum (nominative singular)
lumūd (nominative plural)
lum (genitive singular)
lumūd (genitive plural)
lūnda (partitive singular)
lumīdi (partitive plural)
lummõn (dative singular)
lumūdõn (dative plural)
lumkõks (instrumental singular)
lumūdõks (instrumental plural)
lummõ (illative singular)
lumīž (illative plural)
lumsõ (inessive singular)
lums (inessive singular)
lumši (inessive plural)
lumstõ (elative singular)
lumst (elative singular)
lumšti (elative plural)


rō

rǭ' (canonical)
rō (nominative singular)
rōd (nominative plural)
rō (genitive singular)
rōd (genitive plural)
rōdõ (partitive singular)
rōḑi (partitive plural)
rōn (dative singular)
rōdõn (dative plural)
rōkõks (instrumental singular)
rōdkõks (instrumental plural)
rōzõ (illative singular)
rōži (illative plural)
rōsõ (inessive singular)
rōs (inessive singular)
rōši (inessive plural)
rōstõ (elative singular)
rōst (elative singular)
rōšti (elative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *raha, from Proto-Germanic *skrahō. Cognates include Estonian raha, Finnish raha.


aig

From Proto-Finnic *hauki, from Slavic. Akin to Finnish hauki.


nim

nim (nominative singular)
nimūd (nominative plural)
nim (genitive singular)
nimūd (genitive plural)
nimmõ (partitive singular)
nimīdi (partitive plural)
nimmõn (dative singular)
nimūdõn (dative plural)
nimkõks (instrumental singular)
nimūdõks (instrumental plural)
nimmõ (illative singular)
nimīž (illative plural)
nimsõ (inessive singular)
nims (inessive singular)
nimīs (inessive plural)
nimstõ (elative singular)
nimst (elative singular)
nimīst (elative plural)
ni'm (alternative)


rada

From Proto-Finnic *rata, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *tradō. Cognate with Estonian rada, Finnish rata.


pū

pū (nominative singular)
pūd (nominative plural)
pū (genitive singular)
pūd (genitive plural)
pūdõ (partitive singular)
pūḑi (partitive plural)
pūn (dative singular)
pūdõn (dative plural)
pūkõks (instrumental singular)
pūdkõks (instrumental plural)
pūzõ (illative singular)
pūži (illative plural)
pūs (inessive singular)
pūsõ (inessive singular)
pūši (inessive plural)
pūst (elative singular)
pūstõ (elative singular)
pūšti (elative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *puu, from Proto-Uralic *puwe.


kū

kū (nominative singular)
kūd (nominative plural)
kū (genitive singular)
kūd (genitive plural)
kūdõ (partitive singular)
kūd̦i (partitive plural)
kūn (dative singular)
kūdõn (dative plural)
kūkõks (instrumental singular)
kūdkõks (instrumental plural)
kūzõ (illative singular)
kūži (illative plural)
kūsõ (inessive singular)
kūs (inessive singular)
kūši (inessive plural)
kūstõ (elative singular)
kūst (elative singular)
kūšti (elative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *kuu, from Proto-Uralic *kuŋe.


mō

mō (nominative singular)
mōd (nominative plural)
mō (genitive singular)
mōd (genitive plural)
mōdõ (partitive singular)
mōḑi (partitive plural)
mōn (dative singular)
mōdõn (dative plural)
mōkõks (instrumental singular)
mōdkõks (instrumental plural)
mōzõ (illative singular)
mōži (illative plural)
mōs (inessive singular)
mōsõ (inessive singular)
mōši (inessive plural)
mōst (elative singular)
mōstõ (elative singular)
mōšti (elative plural)
mōlõ (allative singular)
mōl (adessive singular)
mōld (ablative singular)

From Proto-Finnic *maa. Compare Estonian maa.

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
mōdõ sōņ jarā pallõ
to burn down to the ground
mōstõ ilzõ nustõ
to pick up from the ground


märts

märts (nominative singular)
märtsõd (nominative plural)
märts (genitive singular)
märtsõd (genitive plural)
märtsõ (partitive singular)
märtsidi (partitive plural)
märtsõn (dative singular)
märtsõdõn (dative plural)
märtsõks (instrumental singular)
märtsõdõks (instrumental plural)
märtsõ (illative singular)
märtsiž (illative plural)
märtsõs (inessive singular)
märtsis (inessive plural)
märtsõst (elative singular)
märtsist (elative plural)

Apparently ultimately from Latin. See etymology at English March.


alli

käpalli
lower section of a cupboard
lōdanalli
space under the table
lovānalli
space under the bed
pǟnalli
pillow, headrest (lit. "underside of head")

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA āitanalli space under the granary katūksalli gazebo (lit. "underside of a roof")

space under the floor; hiding, underground, black market


nai

nai (nominative singular)
naizt (nominative plural)
naiz (genitive singular)
naizt (genitive plural)
nāizta (partitive singular)
naiži (partitive plural)
naizõn (dative singular)
naiztõn (dative plural)
naizõks (instrumental singular)
naiztkõks (instrumental plural)
naizõ (illative singular)
naižiz (illative plural)
naizõs (inessive singular)
naižis (inessive plural)
naizõst (elative singular)
naižist (elative plural)


lova

From Proto-Finnic *lava, borrowed from Proto-Baltic *lā́ˀwāˀ. Cognates include Finnish lava.


kuod

kuod (nominative singular)
kuodūd (nominative plural)
kuod (genitive singular)
kuodūd (genitive plural)
kuotā (partitive singular)
kuodīdi (partitive plural)
kuoddõn (dative singular)
kuodūdõn (dative plural)
kuodkõks (instrumental singular)
kuodūdõks (instrumental plural)
kuoddõ (illative singular)
kuodīž (illative plural)
kuodsõ (inessive singular)
kuodīs (inessive plural)
kuodstõ (elative singular)
kuodīst (elative plural)
kuo'd (alternative)

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
tämmõn äb ūo kuotā un vōŗõ
he doesn't have home and shelter
ne tulbõd kuodāj
they are coming home
ta um kuonnõ
he is home
ne tulbõd kuondõst
they are coming from home
tämmõn um jõvā kuod
he has a nice house


maij

maij (nominative singular)
maijd (nominative plural)
maij (genitive singular)
maijd (genitive plural)
maijõ (partitive singular)
maijḑi (partitive plural)
maijõn (dative singular)
maijdõn (dative plural)
maijõks (instrumental singular)
maijdkõks (instrumental plural)
maijõ (illative singular)
maijži (illative plural)
maijsõ (inessive singular)
maijs (inessive singular)
maijši (inessive plural)
maijstõ (elative singular)
maijst (elative singular)
maijšti (elative plural)

Ultimately from Latin. See etymology at English May. Morphologically from ma- + -ij.


jūnij

jūnij (nominative singular)
jūnijd (nominative plural)
jūnij (genitive singular)
jūnijd (genitive plural)
jūnijõ (partitive singular)
jūnijd̦i (partitive plural)
jūnijõn (dative singular)
jūnijdõn (dative plural)
jūnijõks (instrumental singular)
jūnijdkõks (instrumental plural)
jūnijõ (illative singular)
jūnijži (illative plural)
jūnijsõ (inessive singular)
jūnijs (inessive singular)
jūnijši (inessive plural)
jūnijstõ (elative singular)
jūnijst (elative singular)
jūnijšti (elative plural)

Apparently ultimately from Latin. See etymology at English June. Morphologically from jūn- + -ij.


jūlij

jūlij (nominative singular)
jūlijd (nominative plural)
jūlij (genitive singular)
jūlijd (genitive plural)
jūlijõ (partitive singular)
jūlijd̦i (partitive plural)
jūlijõn (dative singular)
jūlijdõn (dative plural)
jūlijõks (instrumental singular)
jūlijdkõks (instrumental plural)
jūlijõ (illative singular)
jūlijži (illative plural)
jūlijsõ (inessive singular)
jūlijs (inessive singular)
jūlijši (inessive plural)
jūlijstõ (elative singular)
jūlijst (elative singular)
jūlijšti (elative plural)

Apparently ultimately from Latin. See etymology at English July. Morphologically from jūl- + -ij.


ougust

ougust (nominative singular)
ougustõd (nominative plural)
ougust (genitive singular)
ougustõd (genitive plural)
ougustõ (partitive singular)
ougustidi (partitive plural)
ougustõn (dative singular)
ougustõdõn (dative plural)
ougustõks (instrumental singular)
ougustõdõks (instrumental plural)
ougustõ (illative singular)
ougustiž (illative plural)
ougustõs (inessive singular)
ougusts (inessive singular)
ougustis (inessive plural)
ougustõst (elative singular)
ougustst (elative singular)
ougustist (elative plural)

Apparently ultimately from Latin. See etymology at English August.


septembõr

septembõr (nominative singular)
septembõrd (nominative plural)
septembõr (genitive singular)
septembõrd (genitive plural)
septembõrt (partitive singular)
septembõri (partitive plural)
septembõrõn (dative singular)
septembõrdõn (dative plural)
septembõrõks (instrumental singular)
septembõrdõks (instrumental plural)
septembõrõ (illative singular)
septembõriž (illative plural)
septembõrs (inessive singular)
septembõris (inessive plural)
septembõrst (elative singular)
septembõrist (elative plural)

Apparently ultimately from Latin. See etymology at English September.


oktōbõr

oktōbõr (nominative singular)
oktōbõrd (nominative plural)
oktōbõr (genitive singular)
oktōbõrd (genitive plural)
oktōbõrt (partitive singular)
oktōbõri (partitive plural)
oktōbõrõn (dative singular)
oktōbõrdõn (dative plural)
oktōbõrõks (instrumental singular)
oktōbõrdõks (instrumental plural)
oktōbõrõ (illative singular)
oktōbõriž (illative plural)
oktōbõrs (inessive singular)
oktōbõris (inessive plural)
oktōbõrst (elative singular)
oktōbõrist (elative plural)

Ultimately from Latin. See etymology at English October.


novembõr

novembõr (nominative singular)
novembõrd (nominative plural)
novembõr (genitive singular)
novembõrd (genitive plural)
novembõrt (partitive singular)
novembõri (partitive plural)
novembõrõn (dative singular)
novembõrdõn (dative plural)
novembõrõks (instrumental singular)
novembõrdõks (instrumental plural)
novembõrõ (illative singular)
novembõriž (illative plural)
novembõrs (inessive singular)
novembõris (inessive plural)
novembõrst (elative singular)
novembõrist (elative plural)

Apparently ultimately from Latin. See etymology at English November.


detsembõr

detsembõr (nominative singular)
detsembõrd (nominative plural)
detsembõr (genitive singular)
detsembõrd (genitive plural)
detsembõrt (partitive singular)
detsembõri (partitive plural)
detsembõrõn (dative singular)
detsembõrdõn (dative plural)
detsembõrõks (instrumental singular)
detsembõrdõks (instrumental plural)
detsembõrõ (illative singular)
detsembõriž (illative plural)
detsembõrs (inessive singular)
detsembõris (inessive plural)
detsembõrst (elative singular)
detsembõrist (elative plural)

Ultimately from Latin. See etymology at English December.

but Oskar Loorits wrote that this same year in December Livonian was learned in four schools by 108 children

bet Oskar Loorits kēratõb, ku sīe īž āigast detsembõrs līvõ kīeldõ nēļas skūols opīz 108 lapstā


āigast

āigast (nominative singular)
āigastõd (nominative plural)
āigast (genitive singular)
āigastõd (genitive plural)
āigastõ (partitive singular)
āigastidi (partitive plural)
āigastõn (dative singular)
āigastõdõn (dative plural)
āigastõks (instrumental singular)
āigastõdõks (instrumental plural)
āigastõ (illative singular)
āigastiž (illative plural)
āigasts (inessive singular)
āigastõs (inessive singular)
āigastis (inessive plural)
āigastst (elative singular)
āigastõst (elative singular)
āigastist (elative plural)

Inherited from Proto-Finnic *aigasta-aika. Synchronically, the elative singular form of āiga.


pǟvaīe

pǟvaīe (nominative singular)
pǟvaīed (nominative plural)
pǟvaīe (genitive singular)
pǟvaīed (genitive plural)
pǟvaīedõ (partitive singular)
pǟvaēḑi (partitive plural)
pǟvaīen (dative singular)
pǟvaīedõn (dative plural)
pǟvaīekõks (instrumental singular)
pǟvaīedkõks (instrumental plural)
pǟvaīezõ (illative singular)
pǟvaēži (illative plural)
pǟvaīesõ (inessive singular)
pǟvaīes (inessive singular)
pǟvaēši (inessive plural)
pǟvaīestõ (elative singular)
pǟvaīest (elative singular)
pǟvaēšti (elative plural)

From pǟva (“day”) + īe (“night”). Perhaps a calque of Latvian diennakts (diena (“day”) + nakts (“night”)), cf. Estonian ööpäev (öö (“night”) + päev (“day”)).

Valda Šuvcāne, Ieva Ernštreite (1999, 2005), Latvian-Livonian-English Phrase Book, Eraksti, →ISBN
diennakts – pǟvaīe – twenty-four hours
twenty-four hours – twenty-four hours – twenty-four hours


īe

īe (nominative singular)
īed (nominative plural)
īe (genitive singular)
īed (genitive plural)
īedõ (partitive singular)
ēḑi (partitive plural)
īen (dative singular)
īedõn (dative plural)
īekõks (instrumental singular)
īedkõks (instrumental plural)
īezõ (illative singular)
ēži (illative plural)
īesõ (inessive singular)
ēši (inessive plural)
īestõ (elative singular)
ēšti (elative plural)

īezõ
during the night

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA ȭdõgspūol īedõ beginning of the night (lit. night on the side of evening)


ūomõg

ūomõg (nominative singular)
ūomõgõd (nominative plural)
ūomõg (genitive singular)
ūomõgõd (genitive plural)
ūomõgt (partitive singular)
ūomõgidi (partitive plural)
ūomõgõn (dative singular)
ūomõgõdõn (dative plural)
ūomõgõks (instrumental singular)
ūomõgõdõks (instrumental plural)
ūomõgõ (illative singular)
ūomõgiž (illative plural)
ūomõgs (inessive singular)
ūomõgis (inessive plural)
ūomõgst (elative singular)
ūomõgist (elative plural)


ȭdõg

ȭ'dõg (canonical)
ȭdõg (nominative singular)
ȭdõgõd (nominative plural)
ȭdõg (genitive singular)
ȭdõgõd (genitive plural)
ȭdõgt (partitive singular)
ȭdõgidi (partitive plural)
ȭdõgõn (dative singular)
ȭdõgõdõn (dative plural)
ȭdõgõks (instrumental singular)
ȭdõgõdõks (instrumental plural)
ȭdõgõ (illative singular)
ȭdõgiž (illative plural)
ȭdõgs (inessive singular)
ȭdõgis (inessive plural)
ȭdõgst (elative singular)
ȭdõgist (elative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *ektago. Cognates include Finnish ehtoo, Veps eht, Votic ohtogo.


pǟva

pǟva (nominative singular)
pǟvad (nominative plural)
pǟva (genitive singular)
pǟvad (genitive plural)
päuvõ (partitive singular)
päuvḑi (partitive plural)
pǟvan (dative singular)
pǟvadõn (dative plural)
pǟvaks (instrumental singular)
pǟvadõks (instrumental plural)
päuvõ (illative singular)
päuvži (illative plural)
pǟvas (inessive singular)
päuvši (inessive plural)
pǟvast (elative singular)
päuvšti (elative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *päivä, from Proto-Uralic *päjwä.

pǟviņ
by day; days instructive case form indicating the manner of doing something
īds knaššõs pǟvas
one fine day
mustād pǟvad pierāst
for a rainy day (lit. "for black days")
jõvḑi päuvḑi nǟdõ
to see good days
nūorši päuvši
in young days; in youth
vaņši päuvši
in old age (lit. "in old days")

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA pǟva lebbõ throughout the day; whole day pǟvast päuvõ day to day sieldõ neiku pǟva as clear as day sieldõ pǟva āigal in broad daylight (lit. "in bright day time")

his days are numbered (lit. "counted"); he is living on borrowed time

day (period of the day between sunrise and sunset when one enjoys daylight)

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
pǟva kārgõb
sun is rising
pǟva lǟb lūojõ
sun is setting
pǟva pāistab, vīmõ sadāb, siz mirīņõd daņtšõbõd
sun is shining, rain is raining, [they say that] then the dead are dancing
jegā ažā tulāb pǟva käddõ
everything comes to light (lit. "comes in the grasp of sun")


nädīļ

nädīļ (nominative singular)
nädīļd (nominative plural)
nädīļ (genitive singular)
nädīļd (genitive plural)
nädīļt (partitive singular)
nädīļi (partitive plural)
nädīļõn (dative singular)
nädīļdõn (dative plural)
nädīļõks (instrumental singular)
nädīļdõks (instrumental plural)
nädīļõ (illative singular)
nädīļiž (illative plural)
nädīļš (inessive singular)
nädīļis (inessive plural)
nädīļšt (elative singular)
nädīļist (elative plural)

Compare Latvian nedēļa, Estonian nädal. Suhonen doesn't list this word as being borrowed via Latvian. On Latvian nedēļa, Karulis notes that it has been borrowed from Old East Slavic недѣлꙗ (nedělja, “Sunday”) already before 13th century. Evidently this is the source of the Estonian and Livonian words as well.

der

nädīļ pierrõ
in a week (lit. "after a week")
nädīļ tāgižpēḑõn
a week ago

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA nädīļõks for a week kakš nädīļt two weeks sīe nädīļ this week nädīļ immõrkouți all week nädīļ lebbõ whole week (lit. "throughout the week")


ežžõmpǟva

e'žžõmpǟva (canonical)
ežžõmpǟva (nominative singular)
ežžõmpǟvad (nominative plural)
ežžõmpǟva (genitive singular)
ežžõmpǟvad (genitive plural)
ežžõmpäuvõ (partitive singular)
ežžõmpäuvd̦i (partitive plural)
ežžõmpǟvan (dative singular)
ežžõmpǟvadõn (dative plural)
ežžõmpǟvaks (instrumental singular)
ežžõmpǟvadõks (instrumental plural)
ežžõmpäuvõ (illative singular)
ežžõmpäuvži (illative plural)
ežžõmpǟvas (inessive singular)
ežžõmpäuvši (inessive plural)
ežžõmpǟvast (elative singular)
ežžõmpäuvšti (elative plural)

/eʒːəmpæːvɑ/

From an inflected form of ežmi (“first”) + pǟva (“day”).

ežžõmpǟva · tūoiznapǟva · kuolmõndpǟva · neļļõndpǟva · brēḑig · pūolpǟva · pivāpǟva [edit]


kuolmõndpǟva

kuolmõndpǟva (nominative singular)
kuolmõndpǟvad (nominative plural)
kuolmõndpǟva (genitive singular)
kuolmõndpǟvad (genitive plural)
kuolmõndpäuvõ (partitive singular)
kuolmõndpäuvḑi (partitive plural)
kuolmõndpǟvan (dative singular)
kuolmõndpǟvadõn (dative plural)
kuolmõndpǟvaks (instrumental singular)
kuolmõndpǟvadõks (instrumental plural)
kuolmõndpäuvõ (illative singular)
kuolmõndpäuvži (illative plural)
kuolmõndpǟvas (inessive singular)
kuolmõndpäuvši (inessive plural)
kuolmõndpǟvast (elative singular)
kuolmõndpäuvšti (elative plural)

Apparently from genitive of kuolmõz (“third”) + pǟva (“day”).

Wednesday there's a market, fair in Dundaga


neļļõndpǟva

neļļõndpǟva (nominative singular)
neļļõndpǟvad (nominative plural)
neļļõndpǟva (genitive singular)
neļļõndpǟvad (genitive plural)
neļļõndpäuvõ (partitive singular)
neļļõndpäuvḑi (partitive plural)
neļļõndpǟvan (dative singular)
neļļõndpǟvadõn (dative plural)
neļļõndpǟvaks (instrumental singular)
neļļõndpǟvadõks (instrumental plural)
neļļõndpäuvõ (illative singular)
neļļõndpäuvži (illative plural)
neļļõndpǟvas (inessive singular)
neļļõndpäuvši (inessive plural)
neļļõndpǟvast (elative singular)
neļļõndpäuvšti (elative plural)

Apparently from genitive of neļļõz (“fourth”) + pǟva (“day”).


pūolpǟva

pūolpǟva (nominative singular)
pūolpǟvad (nominative plural)
pūolpǟva (genitive singular)
pūolpǟvad (genitive plural)
pūolpäuvõ (partitive singular)
pūolpäuvḑi (partitive plural)
pūolpǟvan (dative singular)
pūolpǟvadõn (dative plural)
pūolpǟvaks (instrumental singular)
pūolpǟvadõks (instrumental plural)
pūolpäuvõ (illative singular)
pūolpäuvži (illative plural)
pūolpǟvas (inessive singular)
pūolpäuvši (inessive plural)
pūolpǟvast (elative singular)
pūolpäuvšti (elative plural)


pivāpǟva

pivāpǟva (nominative singular)
pivāpǟvad (nominative plural)
pivāpǟva (genitive singular)
pivāpǟvad (genitive plural)
pivāpäuvõ (partitive singular)
pivāpäuvḑi (partitive plural)
pivāpǟvan (dative singular)
pivāpǟvadõn (dative plural)
pivāpǟvaks (instrumental singular)
pivāpǟvadõks (instrumental plural)
pivāpäuvõ (illative singular)
pivāpäuvži (illative plural)
pivāpǟvas (inessive singular)
pivāpäuvši (inessive plural)
pivāpǟvast (elative singular)
pivāpäuvšti (elative plural)


lešknai

lešknai (nominative singular)
lešknaizt (nominative plural)
lešknaiz (genitive singular)
lešknaizt (genitive plural)
lešknāizta (partitive singular)
lešknaiži (partitive plural)
lešknaizõn (dative singular)
lešknaiztõn (dative plural)
lešknaizõks (instrumental singular)
lešknaiztkõks (instrumental plural)
lešknaizõ (illative singular)
lešknaižiz (illative plural)
lešknaizõs (inessive singular)
lešknaižis (inessive plural)
lešknaizõst (elative singular)
lešknaižist (elative plural)

From lešk (“widower”) + nai (“woman”). Compare Estonian lesk.


atrāitanai

atrāitanai (nominative singular)
atrāitanaizt (nominative plural)
atrāitanaiz (genitive singular)
atrāitanaizt (genitive plural)
atrāitanāizta (partitive singular)
atrāitanaiži (partitive plural)
atrāitanaizõn (dative singular)
atrāitanaiztõn (dative plural)
atrāitanaizõks (instrumental singular)
atrāitanaiztkõks (instrumental plural)
atrāitanaizõ (illative singular)
atrāitanaižiz (illative plural)
atrāitanaizõs (inessive singular)
atrāitanaižis (inessive plural)
atrāitanaizõst (elative singular)
atrāitanaižist (elative plural)

From atrāita (“widower”) + nai (“woman”). The former a borrowing from Latvian atraitne.


lešk

lešk (nominative singular)
leškīd (nominative plural)
lešk (genitive singular)
leškīd (genitive plural)
leškõ (partitive singular)
leškīdi (partitive plural)
leškõn (dative singular)
leškīdõn (dative plural)
leškõks (instrumental singular)
leškīdõks (instrumental plural)
leškõ (illative singular)
leškīž (illative plural)
lešksõ (inessive singular)
lešks (inessive singular)
leškīs (inessive plural)
leškstõ (elative singular)
leškst (elative singular)
leškīst (elative plural)

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
lešk – lesk – atraitnis
widower – widower – widower


atrāita

atrāita (nominative singular)
atrāitad (nominative plural)
atrāita (genitive singular)
atrāitad (genitive plural)
atraitõ (partitive singular)
atrāitidi (partitive plural)
atrāitan (dative singular)
atrāitadõn (dative plural)
atrāitaks (instrumental singular)
atrāitadõks (instrumental plural)
atraitõ (illative singular)
atrāitiž (illative plural)
atrāitas (inessive singular)
atrāitis (inessive plural)
atrāitast (elative singular)
atrāitist (elative plural)

From Latvian atraitne (“widow”) (or any alternative form thereof).

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
atrāita – lesk – atraitnis
widower – widower – widower


lapsvȱidaji

lapsvȱidaji (nominative singular)
lapsvȱidajizt (nominative plural)
lapsvȱidajiz (genitive singular)
lapsvȱidajizt (genitive plural)
lapsvȱidajizt (partitive singular)
lapsvȱidajit (partitive singular)
lapsvȱidajiži (partitive plural)
lapsvȱidajizõn (dative singular)
lapsvȱidajiztõn (dative plural)
lapsvȱidajizõks (instrumental singular)
lapsvȱidajiztõks (instrumental plural)
lapsvȱidajizõ (illative singular)
lapsvȱidajižiz (illative plural)
lapsvȱidajizõs (inessive singular)
lapsvȱidajižis (inessive plural)
lapsvȱidajizõst (elative singular)
lapsvȱidajižist (elative plural)
lapsvȱidaji (nominative singular)
lapsvȱidajid (nominative plural)
lapsvȱidajiz (genitive singular)
lapsvȱidajid (genitive plural)
lapsvȱidajizt (partitive singular)
lapsvȱidajit (partitive singular)
lapsvȱidajidi (partitive plural)
lapsvȱidajizõn (dative singular)
lapsvȱidajidõn (dative plural)
lapsvȱidajizõks (instrumental singular)
lapsvȱidajidõks (instrumental plural)
lapsvȱidajizõ (illative singular)
lapsvȱidajiži (illative plural)
lapsvȱidajis (inessive singular)
lapsvȱidajisi (inessive plural)
lapsvȱidajist (elative singular)
lapsvȱidajisti (elative plural)


joutõmläpš

joutõmläpš (nominative singular)
joutõmlapst (nominative plural)
joutõmlaps (genitive singular)
joutõmlapst (genitive plural)
joutõmlapstā (partitive singular)
joutõmläpši (partitive plural)
joutõmlapsõn (dative singular)
joutõmlapstõn (dative plural)
joutõmlapsõks (instrumental singular)
joutõmlapstkõks (instrumental plural)
joutõmlapsõ (illative singular)
joutõmläpšīz (illative plural)
joutõmlapsõs (inessive singular)
joutõmläpšīs (inessive plural)
joutõmlapsõst (elative singular)
joutõmläpšīst (elative plural)

From joutõm (“poor, poverty”) + läpš (“child”).


läpš

läpš (nominative singular)
lapst (nominative plural)
laps (genitive singular)
lapst (genitive plural)
lapstā (partitive singular)
läpši (partitive plural)
lapsõn (dative singular)
lapstõn (dative plural)
lapsõks (instrumental singular)
lapstkõks (instrumental plural)
lapsõ (illative singular)
läpšīz (illative plural)
lapsõs (inessive singular)
läpšīs (inessive plural)
lapsõst (elative singular)
läpšīst (elative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *lapci. Compare Estonian laps, Finnish lapsi.

se läpš um min ver un min lejā
this child is my flesh and my blood

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA tarān aigās sōdõd läpš a child found by the fence (~ fatherless, etc.)

she got a child from this young fisherman guy

an animal calves, lambs, farrows, foals, a youngling is born to it


veļ

ve'ļ (canonical)
veļ (nominative singular)
veļīd (nominative plural)
veļ (genitive singular)
veļīd (genitive plural)
veļļõ (partitive singular)
veļīdi (partitive plural)
veļļõn (dative singular)
veļīdõn (dative plural)
veļkõks (instrumental singular)
veļīdõks (instrumental plural)
veļļõ (illative singular)
veļīž (illative plural)
veļšõ (inessive singular)
veļīs (inessive plural)
veļštõ (elative singular)
veļīst (elative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *velji, from Germanic *swelijô. Compare Icelandic svili (“brother-in-law”).

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
īdõn tuoizõn vȯļtõ veļīd ja sõzārd īņõ
some had brothers and sisters with them
veļ um sõzārõks īti
brother is the likeness of (his) sister
līvõ rovz, īžkiz skūollapst, tiennigid eņtš nūoŗi sizāŗi [sic] ja veļīdi!
Livonian children, especially school children, thank your young sisters and brothers!
li jedmõl jarā lieppõm eņtš veļkõks!
go, make peace with your brother first!


sõzār

sõzār (nominative singular)
sõzārd (nominative plural)
sõzār (genitive singular)
sõzārd (genitive plural)
sõzārt (partitive singular)
sõzāŗi (partitive plural)
sõzārõn (dative singular)
sõzārdõn (dative plural)
sõzārõks (instrumental singular)
sõzārdõks (instrumental plural)
sõzārõ (illative singular)
sõzāŗiž (illative plural)
sõzārõs (inessive singular)
sõzārs (inessive singular)
sõzāŗis (inessive plural)
sõzārõst (elative singular)
sõzārst (elative singular)
sõzāŗist (elative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *sësar, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *swésō.

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
īdõn tuoizõn vȯļtõ veļīd ja sõzārd īņõ
some had brothers and sisters with them
veļ um sõzārõks īti
brother is the likeness of (his) sister
līvõ rovz, īžkiz skūollapst, tiennigid eņtš nūoŗi sizāŗi [sic] ja veļīdi!
Livonian children, especially school children, thank your young sisters and brothers!
tiennigid eņtš nūoŗi sõzaŗi!
thank your young sisters!


jemā

jemā (nominative singular)
jemād (nominative plural)
jemā (genitive singular)
jemād (genitive plural)
jemmõ (partitive singular)
jemīdi (partitive plural)
jemān (dative singular)
jemādõn (dative plural)
jemāks (instrumental singular)
jemādõks (instrumental plural)
jemmõ (illative singular)
jemīž (illative plural)
jemās (inessive singular)
jemīs (inessive plural)
jemāst (elative singular)
jemīst (elative plural)
ǟma (alternative)

From Proto-Finnic *emä, from Proto-Uralic *emä; cognates include Estonian ema, Finnish emä and Hungarian eme (“sow”).

tämmõn um vel jemā sēmḑa kūora tagān

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA jemā ārmaztimi mother's love jemā sēmḑa mother's milk jemā pierrõ to be the spitting image of one's mother (lit. "after mother")

he is still wet behind the ears (lit. "he still has mother's milk behind his ears")


ǟma

ǟma (nominative singular)
ǟmad (nominative plural)
ǟma (genitive singular)
ǟmad (genitive plural)
ämmõ (partitive singular)
ǟmidi (partitive plural)
ǟman (dative singular)
ǟmadõn (dative plural)
ǟmaks (instrumental singular)
ǟmadõks (instrumental plural)
ämmõ (illative singular)
ǟmiž (illative plural)
ǟmas (inessive singular)
ǟmis (inessive plural)
ǟmast (elative singular)
ǟmist (elative plural)
jemā (alternative)

From Proto-Finnic *ämmä, cognate with Finnish ämmä, Estonian ämm.

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
min ǟma
my mother
kilā ǟma
village elder (lit. "village mother")


izā

izā (nominative singular)
izād (nominative plural)
izā (genitive singular)
izād (genitive plural)
izzõ (partitive singular)
ižḑi (partitive plural)
izān (dative singular)
izādõn (dative plural)
izāks (instrumental singular)
izādõks (instrumental plural)
izzõ (illative singular)
izīž (illative plural)
izās (inessive singular)
izīs (inessive plural)
izāst (elative singular)
izīst (elative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *icä, from Proto-Uralic *ićä. Cognate with Finnish isä, Estonian isa, Northern Sámi áhcci and Hungarian ős.

ma neiz eņtš izzõ unsõ
I saw my father in a dream
mēg izāks keimõ miersõ
me and my father were going to sea (lit. "we with father...")
mēg mǟdlõm eņtš ižḑi
we remember our fathers

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA izā pierrõ to be the spitting image of one's father (lit. "after father")

he is following in his father's footsteps (lit. "he is going his father's path")


pūoga

pūoga (nominative singular)
pūogad (nominative plural)
pūoga (genitive singular)
pūogad (genitive plural)
pȯigõ (partitive singular)
pȯigḑi (partitive plural)
pūogan (dative singular)
pūogadõn (dative plural)
pūogaks (instrumental singular)
pūogadõks (instrumental plural)
pȯigõ (illative singular)
pȯigži (illative plural)
pūogas (inessive singular)
pȯigši (inessive plural)
pūogast (elative singular)
pȯigšti (elative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *poika, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *pojka. Cognate to e.g. Finnish poika, Estonian poeg and Hungarian fiú. The nominative stem is irregular (ˣpȱiga would be expected), but may reflect analogy to the inflection type lēba : partitive leibõ. However, there are no defined irregular nouns in Livonian, since this noun like others were listed under declension numerical indexes that also contain notable irregularly-declined personal pronouns.

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
pūoga – poeg – dēls
son – son – son


tidār

tidār (nominative singular)
tidārd (nominative plural)
tidār (genitive singular)
tidārd (genitive plural)
tidārt (partitive singular)
tidāŗi (partitive plural)
tidārõn (dative singular)
tidārdõn (dative plural)
tidārõks (instrumental singular)
tidārdõks (instrumental plural)
tidārõ (illative singular)
tidāŗiž (illative plural)
tidārõs (inessive singular)
tidārs (inessive singular)
tidāŗis (inessive plural)
tidārõst (elative singular)
tidārst (elative singular)
tidāŗist (elative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *tüt'är, from Baltic. Compare Lithuanian duktė (“daughter”).

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
jemā sigūb tidārõn ibūkši
mother brushes her daughter's hair
tidārtidār
granddaughter, daughter's daughter
jemā lǟb virgtõm tidārt
mother goes to wake up daughter


neitški

neitški (nominative singular)
neitškizt (nominative plural)
neitškiz (genitive singular)
neitškizt (genitive plural)
neitškizt (partitive singular)
neitškiži (partitive plural)
neitškizõn (dative singular)
neitškiztõn (dative plural)
neitškizõks (instrumental singular)
neitškiztõks (instrumental plural)
neitškizõ (illative singular)
neitškižiz (illative plural)
neitškizõs (inessive singular)
neitškižis (inessive plural)
neitškizõst (elative singular)
neitškižist (elative plural)

From a form of neitst (“maiden, girl”) – neitš + -ki. These words are akin to Finnish neiti miss.

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
neitški – plika, näitsik – meitene, skuķis
girl – girl – girl, lass


pȯiški

pȯiški (nominative singular)
pȯiškizt (nominative plural)
pȯiškiz (genitive singular)
pȯiškizt (genitive plural)
pȯiškizt (partitive singular)
pȯiškiži (partitive plural)
pȯiškizõn (dative singular)
pȯiškiztõn (dative plural)
pȯiškizõks (instrumental singular)
pȯiškiztõks (instrumental plural)
pȯiškizõ (illative singular)
pȯiškižiz (illative plural)
pȯiškizõs (inessive singular)
pȯiškižis (inessive plural)
pȯiškizõst (elative singular)
pȯiškižist (elative plural)

From a form of pȯis (“young man”) – pȯiš + -ki.

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
pȯiški – poisike, poisu – puišelis, puisēns
boy – boy – boy


pȯis

pȯis (nominative singular)
pūošõd (nominative plural)
pȯis (genitive singular)
pūošõd (genitive plural)
pȯisõ (partitive singular)
pūošidi (partitive plural)
pȯisõn (dative singular)
pūošõdõn (dative plural)
pȯisõks (instrumental singular)
pūošõdõks (instrumental plural)
pȯisõ (illative singular)
pūošiz (illative plural)
pȯisõs (inessive singular)
pūošis (inessive plural)
pȯisõst (elative singular)
pūošist (elative plural)

→ Latgalian: puiss

→ Latvian: puisis


polākõz

polākõz (nominative singular)
polākõd (nominative plural)
polākõ (genitive singular)
polākõd (genitive plural)
polākõzt (partitive singular)
polākidi (partitive plural)
polākõn (dative singular)
polākõdõn (dative plural)
polākõks (instrumental singular)
polākõdõks (instrumental plural)
polākõ (illative singular)
polākõz (illative singular)
polākiž (illative plural)
polākõs (inessive singular)
polākis (inessive plural)
polākõst (elative singular)
polākist (elative plural)


ūdāigast kū

ūdāigast kū (nominative singular)
ūdāigast kūd (nominative plural)
ūdāigast kū (genitive singular)
ūdāigast kūd (genitive plural)
ūdāigast kūdõ (partitive singular)
ūdāigast kūḑi (partitive plural)
ūdāigast kūn (dative singular)
ūdāigast kūdõn (dative plural)
ūdāigast kūkõks (instrumental singular)
ūdāigast kūdkõks (instrumental plural)
ūdāigast kūzõ (illative singular)
ūdāigast kūži (illative plural)
ūdāigast kūsõ (inessive singular)
ūdāigast kūs (inessive singular)
ūdāigast kūši (inessive plural)
ūdāigast kūstõ (elative singular)
ūdāigast kūst (elative singular)
ūdāigast kūšti (elative plural)

From ūdāigast (“New Year's”) + kū (“month”). LĒL, however, lists tōlakū (“winter's month”) as an alternative for janvār.

Valda Šuvcāne, Ieva Ernštreite (1999, 2005), Latvian-Livonian-English Phrase Book, Eraksti, →ISBN
janvāris – janvār (ūdāigast kū) – January
January – January (New Year's month) – January


kievādkū

kievādkū (nominative singular)
kievādkūd (nominative plural)
kievādkū (genitive singular)
kievādkūd (genitive plural)
kievādkūdõ (partitive singular)
kievādkūḑi (partitive plural)
kievādkūn (dative singular)
kievādkūdõn (dative plural)
kievādkūkõks (instrumental singular)
kievādkūdkõks (instrumental plural)
kievādkūzõ (illative singular)
kievādkūži (illative plural)
kievādkūsõ (inessive singular)
kievādkūs (inessive singular)
kievādkūši (inessive plural)
kievādkūstõ (elative singular)
kievādkūst (elative singular)
kievādkūšti (elative plural)

Valda Šuvcāne, Ieva Ernštreite (1999, 2005), Latvian-Livonian-English Phrase Book, Eraksti, →ISBN
marts – märts (kievādkū) – March
March – March (spring month) – March


kȭļimkū

kȭļimkū (nominative singular)
kȭļimkūd (nominative plural)
kȭļimkū (genitive singular)
kȭļimkūd (genitive plural)
kȭļimkūdõ (partitive singular)
kȭļimkūḑi (partitive plural)
kȭļimkūn (dative singular)
kȭļimkūdõn (dative plural)
kȭļimkūkõks (instrumental singular)
kȭļimkūdkõks (instrumental plural)
kȭļimkūzõ (illative singular)
kȭļimkūži (illative plural)
kȭļimkūsõ (inessive singular)
kȭļimkūs (inessive singular)
kȭļimkūši (inessive plural)
kȭļimkūstõ (elative singular)
kȭļimkūst (elative singular)
kȭļimkūšti (elative plural)

From kȭļim (“birch sap”) + kū (“month”).

Valda Šuvcāne, Ieva Ernštreite (1999, 2005), Latvian-Livonian-English Phrase Book, Eraksti, →ISBN
aprīlis – april (kõļimkū [sic]) – April
April – April (birch sap month) – April


jōņpǟva kū

jōņpǟva kū (nominative singular)
jōņpǟva kūd (nominative plural)
jōņpǟva kū (genitive singular)
jōņpǟva kūd (genitive plural)
jōņpǟva kūdõ (partitive singular)
jōņpǟva kūḑi (partitive plural)
jōņpǟva kūn (dative singular)
jōņpǟva kūdõn (dative plural)
jōņpǟva kūkõks (instrumental singular)
jōņpǟva kūdkõks (instrumental plural)
jōņpǟva kūzõ (illative singular)
jōņpǟva kūži (illative plural)
jōņpǟva kūsõ (inessive singular)
jōņpǟva kūs (inessive singular)
jōņpǟva kūši (inessive plural)
jōņpǟva kūstõ (elative singular)
jōņpǟva kūst (elative singular)
jōņpǟva kūšti (elative plural)

Valda Šuvcāne, Ieva Ernštreite (1999, 2005), Latvian-Livonian-English Phrase Book, Eraksti, →ISBN
jūnijs – jūnij (jõņpǟva [sic] kū) – June
June – June (Jāņi month) – June


āinakū

āinakū (nominative singular)
āinakūd (nominative plural)
āinakū (genitive singular)
āinakūd (genitive plural)
āinakūdõ (partitive singular)
āinakūḑi (partitive plural)
āinakūn (dative singular)
āinakūdõn (dative plural)
āinakūkõks (instrumental singular)
āinakūdkõks (instrumental plural)
āinakūzõ (illative singular)
āinakūži (illative plural)
āinakūsõ (inessive singular)
āinakūs (inessive singular)
āinakūši (inessive plural)
āinakūstõ (elative singular)
āinakūst (elative singular)
āinakūšti (elative plural)

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
āinakū – heinakuu – siena mēnesis
hay month – hay month – hay month


vīļakū

vīļakū (nominative singular)
vīļakūd (nominative plural)
vīļakū (genitive singular)
vīļakūd (genitive plural)
vīļakūdõ (partitive singular)
vīļakūḑi (partitive plural)
vīļakūn (dative singular)
vīļakūdõn (dative plural)
vīļakūkõks (instrumental singular)
vīļakūdkõks (instrumental plural)
vīļakūzõ (illative singular)
vīļakūži (illative plural)
vīļakūsõ (inessive singular)
vīļakūs (inessive singular)
vīļakūši (inessive plural)
vīļakūstõ (elative singular)
vīļakūst (elative singular)
vīļakūšti (elative plural)

Valda Šuvcāne, Ieva Ernštreite (1999, 2005), Latvian-Livonian-English Phrase Book, Eraksti, →ISBN
augusts – ougust (vīļakū) – August
August – August (harvest month) – August


sigžkū

sigžkū (nominative singular)
sigžkūd (nominative plural)
sigžkū (genitive singular)
sigžkūd (genitive plural)
sigžkūdõ (partitive singular)
sigžkūḑi (partitive plural)
sigžkūn (dative singular)
sigžkūdõn (dative plural)
sigžkūkõks (instrumental singular)
sigžkūdkõks (instrumental plural)
sigžkūzõ (illative singular)
sigžkūži (illative plural)
sigžkūsõ (inessive singular)
sigžkūs (inessive singular)
sigžkūši (inessive plural)
sigžkūstõ (elative singular)
sigžkūst (elative singular)
sigžkūšti (elative plural)

From sigž (“fall, autumn”) + kū (“month”).

Valda Šuvcāne, Ieva Ernštreite (1999, 2005), Latvian-Livonian-English Phrase Book, Eraksti, →ISBN
septembris – septembõr (sigžkū) – September
September – September (fall month) – September


vīmkū

vīmkū (nominative singular)
vīmkūd (nominative plural)
vīmkū (genitive singular)
vīmkūd (genitive plural)
vīmkūdõ (partitive singular)
vīmkūḑi (partitive plural)
vīmkūn (dative singular)
vīmkūdõn (dative plural)
vīmkūkõks (instrumental singular)
vīmkūdkõks (instrumental plural)
vīmkūzõ (illative singular)
vīmkūži (illative plural)
vīmkūsõ (inessive singular)
vīmkūs (inessive singular)
vīmkūši (inessive plural)
vīmkūstõ (elative singular)
vīmkūst (elative singular)
vīmkūšti (elative plural)

Valda Šuvcāne, Ieva Ernštreite (1999, 2005), Latvian-Livonian-English Phrase Book, Eraksti, →ISBN
oktobris – oktōbõr (vīmkū) – October
October – October (rain month) – October


kīlmakū

kīlmakū (nominative singular)
kīlmakūd (nominative plural)
kīlmakū (genitive singular)
kīlmakūd (genitive plural)
kīlmakūdõ (partitive singular)
kīlmakūḑi (partitive plural)
kīlmakūn (dative singular)
kīlmakūdõn (dative plural)
kīlmakūkõks (instrumental singular)
kīlmakūdkõks (instrumental plural)
kīlmakūzõ (illative singular)
kīlmakūži (illative plural)
kīlmakūsõ (inessive singular)
kīlmakūs (inessive singular)
kīlmakūši (inessive plural)
kīlmakūstõ (elative singular)
kīlmakūst (elative singular)
kīlmakūšti (elative plural)

Valda Šuvcāne, Ieva Ernštreite (1999, 2005), Latvian-Livonian-English Phrase Book, Eraksti, →ISBN
novembris – novembõr (kīlmakū) – November
November – November (cold month) – November


salai

salāj (alternative)
salāji (alternative)


reja

Borrowed from a Germanic language. Compare Estonian reha.


kak

From Proto-Finnic *kakku, borrowed either from Proto-Norse [script needed] (*kakō) or Proto-Germanic *kakǭ. Cognate with Estonian kakk, Finnish kakku.


sukker

→ Latvian: cukurs
→ Livonian: tsukkõr

From German Zucker, from Italian zucchero, from Arabic سُكَّر (sukkar), from Persian شکر (šakar), from Sanskrit शर्करा (śarkarā, “ground or candied sugar,” originally “grit, gravel”).


surm

Borrowed from Estonian surm, from Proto-Finnic *surma.


kīņtš

kīņtš (nominative singular)
kīndõd (nominative plural)
kīnd (genitive singular)
kīndõd (genitive plural)
kīndtõ (partitive singular)
kīņtši (partitive plural)
kīndõn (dative singular)
kīndõdõn (dative plural)
kīndkõks (instrumental singular)
kīndõdõks (instrumental plural)
kīndõ (illative singular)
kīndiž (illative plural)
kīndsõ (inessive singular)
kīndis (inessive plural)
kīndstõ (elative singular)
kīndist (elative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *künci, from Proto-Uralic *künče. Cognates include Estonian küüs, Finnish kynsi.

mustā verm um kīndõd allõ
dirty fingernails (lit. "there is black color under fingernails")
ta pidāb sīnda eņtš kīndõdõks
it/he has its/his grip on you (lit. "it/he is holding you in its/his claws")

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA nīemõ kīņtš cow's hoof kīndõd vaisõ vȱlda will end up in [someone's] claws kīndõd vaizõ sōdõ to end up in [someone's] claws kīndõd vaistõ ulzõ sōdõ to escape [someone's] claws kīndõd knaššõ ēdrikšõbõd [someone] has white nails (lit. "[someone's] nails are blooming nicely")

you have scraped up everything with your nails/claws, what is wrong with you

sa ūod tikkiž eņtš kīndõdõks kubbõ kīskõn, mis sinnõn um


vȱntsa

vȱntsa (nominative singular)
vȱntsad (nominative plural)
vȱntsa (genitive singular)
vȱntsad (genitive plural)
vȱntsõ (partitive singular)
vȱņšti (partitive plural)
vȱntsan (dative singular)
vȱntsadõn (dative plural)
vȱntsaks (instrumental singular)
vȱntsadõks (instrumental plural)
vȱntsõ (illative singular)
vȱntsiž (illative plural)
vȱntsas (inessive singular)
vȱntsis (inessive plural)
vȱntsast (elative singular)
vȱntsist (elative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *oncca, from Proto-Finno-Permic *ońća, possible borrowing from Proto-Germanic *anþja- (*anþiją). Compare Icelandic enni (“forehead”).

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
vȱntsa – laup, otsaesine, otsmik – piere
forehead – forehead – forehead


sīlma

sīlmad (plural)
sīlma (nominative singular)
sīlmad (nominative plural)
sīlma (genitive singular)
sīlmad (genitive plural)
silmõ (partitive singular)
siļmi (partitive plural)
sīlman (dative singular)
sīlmadõn (dative plural)
sīlmaks (instrumental singular)
sīlmadõks (instrumental plural)
silmõ (illative singular)
siļmži (illative plural)
sīlmas (inessive singular)
siļmši (inessive plural)
sīlmast (elative singular)
siļmšti (elative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *silmä, from Proto-Uralic *śilmä. Cognates include Finnish silmä, Estonian silm and Hungarian szem.

kaddõ siļmšti ~ kaddõ sīlmad jedstõ
disappear from sight (lit. disappear from eyes)
ma äb või tǟnda sīlma tutkāmõs kandatõ
I can't stand him for anything / I hate his guts (lit. I can't stand him in the edge of my eyes ~ as soon as he enters my field of vision, it pisses me off)
ku lǟb maggõm, siz äb või räukõ, ku tuļļizt kīņḑõld kitābõd siļmi, tīebõd sīlman slikțõ
when [one] goes to sleep [one] cannot cry, because hot tears burn the eyes, they do harm to the eye
ta vaņtliz min pǟlõ kõzzizt sīlmadõks
he looked at me with angry eyes
sīlmast (~ siļmšti) ulzõ laskõ
let out of sight (lit. let out of eye ~ eyes)
tämmõn um nǟr sīlmas
he has a sty in (his) eye
tämmõn kazīz nǟr silmõ
he had a sty grow inside of (his) eye
ma vaņtliz nōvõn siļmiz
I was looking death in the eyes
siļmõz vaņțlõ
to look in the eye
siļmi pilktõ (~ piltõ)
to blink eyes
siļmšt [siļmšti?] sōņi vȭlgidi
neck deep in debt (lit. up to the eyes in debt)
sīlmadõn lǟb pōmi pūol pǟlõ
eyes roll back (lit. the left side goes over the eyes)

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA glōzizt sīlmad glassy eyes ku midāgõst um sīlmasõ, siz ta groužõb, vaimi põzāg sizālõs when something is in the eye, then it irritates, sharp grit inside [the eye]

I have work to do and to look after him with one eye

min um jelāmõst tīedõ ja īd sīlmaks vakțõmõst tǟnda

mesh (the space between the threads of a (fishing) net)

the hole of an ax handle (lit. "ax eye")

(of a needle or some type of a hole in other tools) eye


sug

sug (nominative singular)
sugūd (nominative plural)
sug (genitive singular)
sugūd (genitive plural)
suggõ (partitive singular)
sugīdi (partitive plural)
suggõn (dative singular)
sugūdõn (dative plural)
sugkõks (instrumental singular)
sugūdõks (instrumental plural)
suggõ (illative singular)
sugži (illative plural)
sugsõ (inessive singular)
sugs (inessive singular)
sugši (inessive plural)
sugstõ (elative singular)
sugst (elative singular)
sugšti (elative plural)
su'g (alternative)

From Proto-Finnic *suku. Cognates include Finnish suku.


veis

veis (nominative singular)
vēšõd (nominative plural)
veis (genitive singular)
vēšõd (genitive plural)
veisõ (partitive singular)
vēšidi (partitive plural)
veisõn (dative singular)
vēšõdõn (dative plural)
veisõks (instrumental singular)
vēšõdõks (instrumental plural)
veisõ (illative singular)
vēšiz (illative plural)
veisõs (inessive singular)
vēšis (inessive plural)
veisõst (elative singular)
vēšist (elative plural)


äm

äm (nominative singular)
ǟmõd (nominative plural)
äm (genitive singular)
ǟmõd (genitive plural)
ämmõ (partitive singular)
ǟmidi (partitive plural)
ämmõn (dative singular)
ǟmõdõn (dative plural)
ämmõks (instrumental singular)
ǟmõdõks (instrumental plural)
ämmõ (illative singular)
ǟmiž (illative plural)
ämsõ (inessive singular)
äms (inessive singular)
ǟmis (inessive plural)
ämstõ (elative singular)
ǟmist (elative plural)

manor owners' children were breastfed by a wet nurse


värb

värb (nominative singular)
värbõd (nominative plural)
värb (genitive singular)
värbõd (genitive plural)
värbõ (partitive singular)
värbidi (partitive plural)
värbõn (dative singular)
värbõdõn (dative plural)
värbõks (instrumental singular)
värbõdõks (instrumental plural)
värbõ (illative singular)
värbiž (illative plural)
värbsõ (inessive singular)
värbs (inessive singular)
värbis (inessive plural)
värbstõ (elative singular)
värbst (elative singular)
värbist (elative plural)

Ultimately from Latin verbum. Considering the /æ/, perhaps via Latvian verbs.


tīepǟva

tīepǟva (nominative singular)
tīepǟvad (nominative plural)
tīepǟva (genitive singular)
tīepǟvad (genitive plural)
tīepäuvõ (partitive singular)
tīepäuvḑi (partitive plural)
tīepǟvan (dative singular)
tīepǟvadõn (dative plural)
tīepǟvaks (instrumental singular)
tīepǟvadõks (instrumental plural)
tīepäuvõ (illative singular)
tīepäuvži (illative plural)
tīepǟvas (inessive singular)
tīepäuvši (inessive plural)
tīepǟvast (elative singular)
tīepäuvšti (elative plural)


kinō

kinō (nominative singular)
kinōd (nominative plural)
kinō (genitive singular)
kinōd (genitive plural)
kinō (partitive singular)
kinīdi (partitive plural)
kinōn (dative singular)
kinōdõn (dative plural)
kinōks (instrumental singular)
kinōdõks (instrumental plural)
kinō (illative singular)
kinōz (illative singular)
kinīž (illative plural)
kinōs (inessive singular)
kinīs (inessive plural)
kinōst (elative singular)
kinīst (elative plural)
kino (alternative)

Apparently from German Kino, perhaps via Latvian kino (/kinɔː/, often /kiːnɔː/). Ultimately from Ancient Greek κίνημα (kínēma, “movement”).

cinema (the art and industry of making films)

a cinema, movie theater (an establishment)


usk

usk (nominative singular)
uskūd (nominative plural)
usk (genitive singular)
uskūd (genitive plural)
uskõ (partitive singular)
uskīdi (partitive plural)
uskõn (dative singular)
uskūdõn (dative plural)
uskõks (instrumental singular)
uskūdõks (instrumental plural)
uskõ (illative singular)
uskīž (illative plural)
usksõ (inessive singular)
usks (inessive singular)
uskīs (inessive plural)
uskstõ (elative singular)
uskst (elative singular)
uskīst (elative plural)
uskõ (alternative)


kūora

kūora (nominative singular)
kūorad (nominative plural)
kūora (genitive singular)
kūorad (genitive plural)
kuorrõ (partitive singular)
kūoridi (partitive plural)
kūoran (dative singular)
kūoradõn (dative plural)
kūoraks (instrumental singular)
kūoradõks (instrumental plural)
kuorrõ (illative singular)
kūoriž (illative plural)
kūoras (inessive singular)
kūoris (inessive plural)
kūorast (elative singular)
kūorist (elative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *korva. Cognate with Finnish korva, Estonian kõrv.

kūorad pistõ ajjõ
to prick up one's ears
kūora vīngõb
[my] ear is ringing
kūora um vizās
[my] ear is popped (lit. "ear is closed")
kūorad sadābõd vizzõ
[your] ears get popped (lit. "ears become closed")
ta äb nustā mittõ kuorrõ
he pretends not to hear (lit. "he won't lift an ear")
se lekš tikkiž min kūorastõ piddõz
I wasn't paying attention, I missed all of it (lit. "it all went past my ear")

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA īdst kūorast sizzõl, tuoizõst ulzõ to go in one ear and out the other kūora tagān pānda to note something for future reference (lit. "to put behind one's ear")

I heard it through the grapevine (lit. "I heard it with half of an ear")


ūļ

ūļ (nominative singular)
ūld (nominative plural)
ūl (genitive singular)
ūld (genitive plural)
ūldõ (partitive singular)
ūļi (partitive plural)
ūlõn (dative singular)
ūldõn (dative plural)
ūlkõks (instrumental singular)
ūldkõks (instrumental plural)
ūlõ (illative singular)
ūļiž (illative plural)
ūlsõ (inessive singular)
ūļši (inessive plural)
ūlstõ (elative singular)
ūļšti (elative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *huuli, cognates including Estonian huul, Finnish huuli. Possibly from Proto-Finno-Ugric; compare Eastern Khanty лул (lul, “mouth”).

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
ūļi nūolõ
to lick lips
ta vȭidab tuoizõn mietā ūl pǟlõ siz, ku touzõb
he is spreading honey on another's lips, that's when he's tricking you


kež

ke'ž (canonical)
kež (nominative singular)
kädūd (nominative plural)
käd (genitive singular)
kädūd (genitive plural)
kätā (partitive singular)
kežži (partitive plural)
käddõn (dative singular)
kädūdõn (dative plural)
kädkõks (instrumental singular)
kädūdõks (instrumental plural)
käddõ (illative singular)
kežīz (illative plural)
kädsõ (inessive singular)
kežīs (inessive plural)
kädstõ (elative singular)
kežīst (elative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *käci, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *käte. Compare Estonian käsi.

kežži lagtõ
to brag ~ to throw around one's hands
kežži pūdõks piezzõ
to wash one's hands in innocence (lit. "to wash one's hands clean")
kežži piddõ ripsõ
to be unengaged, sit on one's ass (lit. "to keep one's hands on one's lap")
eņtš käds piddõ
to keep to oneself (lit. "to keep in one's hand")

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA jõvā kež right hand kurā kež left hand vȯndzi kež lucky hand käd tutkāmõs [at a distance of a] stretch of an arm kädūd jūrõ pānda ~ kežži jūrõ pānda to have one's involvement in something / to be someone's doing / to have had someone's hand in something kätā nustõ to raise a hand kīndidi käddõ pānda to put on gloves kädkõks eitõ to walk away, throw in the towel, give up, withdraw, bail (lit. "throw with hand")


rōntõz

rōntõz (nominative singular)
rōntõd (nominative plural)
rōntõ (genitive singular)
rōntõd (genitive plural)
rōntõzt (partitive singular)
rōntidi (partitive plural)
rōntõn (dative singular)
rōntõdõn (dative plural)
rōntõks (instrumental singular)
rōntõdõks (instrumental plural)
rōntõ (illative singular)
rōntõz (illative singular)
rōntiž (illative plural)
rōntõs (inessive singular)
rōntis (inessive plural)
rōntõst (elative singular)
rōntist (elative plural)


vȯl

vȯ'l (canonical)
vȯl (nominative singular)
vȯllõd (nominative plural)
vȯl (genitive singular)
vȯllõd (genitive plural)
vȯltõ (partitive singular)
vȯllidi (partitive plural)
vȯllõn (dative singular)
vȯllõdõn (dative plural)
vȯlkõks (instrumental singular)
vȯllõdõks (instrumental plural)
vȯllõ (illative singular)
vȯlliž (illative plural)
vȯlsõ (inessive singular)
vȯllis (inessive plural)
vȯlstõ (elative singular)
vȯllist (elative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *olut, possibly from Germanic *aluþ- (*alu). Compare Norwegian øl (“beer”).

ne attõ vȯl rabād
that's brewer's grain from beer

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA miedvȯl mead (lit. honey beer)


mȭka

mȭka (nominative singular)
mȭkad (nominative plural)
mȭka (genitive singular)
mȭkad (genitive plural)
mõukõ (partitive singular)
mȭkidi (partitive plural)
mȭkan (dative singular)
mȭkadõn (dative plural)
mȭkaks (instrumental singular)
mȭkadõks (instrumental plural)
mõukõ (illative singular)
mȭkiž (illative plural)
mȭkas (inessive singular)
mȭkis (inessive plural)
mȭkast (elative singular)
mȭkist (elative plural)


sȭira

sȭira (nominative singular)
sȭirad (nominative plural)
sȭira (genitive singular)
sȭirad (genitive plural)
sõirõ (partitive singular)
sȭiridi (partitive plural)
sȭiran (dative singular)
sȭiradõn (dative plural)
sȭiraks (instrumental singular)
sȭiradõks (instrumental plural)
sõirõ (illative singular)
sȭiriž (illative plural)
sȭiras (inessive singular)
sȭiris (inessive plural)
sȭirast (elative singular)
sȭirist (elative plural)

From Old East Slavic сꙑръ (syrŭ, “cheese”).

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
sȭira – juust, sõir – siers, svaigais siers
cheese – cheese – cheese, cottage cheese


kand

kand (nominative singular)
kāndõd (nominative plural)
kand (genitive singular)
kāndõd (genitive plural)
kandõ (partitive singular)
kāndidi (partitive plural)
kandõn (dative singular)
kāndõdõn (dative plural)
kandkõks (instrumental singular)
kāndõdõks (instrumental plural)
kandõ (illative singular)
kāndiž (illative plural)
kandsõ (inessive singular)
kāndis (inessive plural)
kandstõ (elative singular)
kāndist (elative plural)


sēmd̦a

sēmd̦a (nominative singular)
sēmd̦ad (nominative plural)
sēmd̦a (genitive singular)
sēmd̦ad (genitive plural)
sēmd̦i (partitive singular)
sēmd̦idi (partitive plural)
sēmd̦an (dative singular)
sēmd̦adõn (dative plural)
sēmd̦aks (instrumental singular)
sēmd̦adõks (instrumental plural)
sēmd̦õ (illative singular)
sēmd̦iž (illative plural)
sēmd̦as (inessive singular)
sēmd̦is (inessive plural)
sēmd̦ast (elative singular)
sēmd̦ist (elative plural)

Derived from Proto-Finnic *seemi. Vääri lists sēmd̦a along with salāndõ (“to steal”) and umārz (“apple”) as examples of terms whose cognates cannot be found in other (Baltic) Finnic languages but can be found in Volga Finnic languages (Mari, Mordvinic).

poțā um jemīņ seļļi, kus semd̦i valāb sizzõl
the pot is rather of the type that you pour milk inside of

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA ta paņ sēmd̦a apāndõm he put milk to sour tämmõn um vel jemā sēmd̦a kūora tagān he still has wet behind the ears (lit. he still has mother's milk behind ears)

he still has wet behind the ears (lit. his lips are still with mother's milk)


brēd̦ig

brēd̦ig (nominative singular)
brēd̦igõd (nominative plural)
brēd̦ig (genitive singular)
brēd̦igõd (genitive plural)
brēd̦igt (partitive singular)
brēd̦igidi (partitive plural)
brēd̦igõn (dative singular)
brēd̦igõdõn (dative plural)
brēd̦igõks (instrumental singular)
brēd̦igõdõks (instrumental plural)
brēd̦igõ (illative singular)
brēd̦igiž (illative plural)
brēd̦igs (inessive singular)
brēd̦igis (inessive plural)
brēd̦igst (elative singular)
brēd̦igist (elative plural)

Likely from a Germanic language, compare fredag. Compare the shift of /f/ > /b/ in brīõz.


kīņd̦õļkū

kīņd̦õļkū (nominative singular)
kīņd̦õļkūd (nominative plural)
kīņd̦õļkū (genitive singular)
kīņd̦õļkūd (genitive plural)
kīņd̦õļkūdõ (partitive singular)
kīņd̦õļkūd̦i (partitive plural)
kīņd̦õļkūn (dative singular)
kīņd̦õļkūdõn (dative plural)
kīņd̦õļkūkõks (instrumental singular)
kīņd̦õļkūdkõks (instrumental plural)
kīņd̦õļkūzõ (illative singular)
kīņd̦õļkūži (illative plural)
kīņd̦õļkūsõ (inessive singular)
kīņd̦õļkūs (inessive singular)
kīņd̦õļkūši (inessive plural)
kīņd̦õļkūstõ (elative singular)
kīņd̦õļkūst (elative singular)
kīņd̦õļkūšti (elative plural)

/kiːɲɟəʎkuː/

From kīņd̦õļi (“teary (eyed)”) + kū (“month”). The meaning of kīņd̦õl is either a tear or a candle. In the adjectival form, with a soft ⟨ļ⟩, it means specifically "teary (eyed.)" February the 2nd is sometimes observed as "Candle day" (with roots in Latvian mythology), perhaps kīņd̦õļ is a variant of kīņd̦õl in the candle sense, not a shortening of kīņd̦õļi.

compound

Valda Šuvcāne, Ieva Ernštreite (1999, 2005), Latvian-Livonian-English Phrase Book, Eraksti, →ISBN
februāris – februar (kīņd̦õļkū) – February
February – February (candle month) – February


lēd̦kū

lē'd̦kū (canonical)
lēd̦kū (nominative singular)
lēd̦kūd (nominative plural)
lēd̦kū (genitive singular)
lēd̦kūd (genitive plural)
lēd̦kūdõ (partitive singular)
lēd̦kūd̦i (partitive plural)
lēd̦kūn (dative singular)
lēd̦kūdõn (dative plural)
lēd̦kūkõks (instrumental singular)
lēd̦kūdkõks (instrumental plural)
lēd̦kūzõ (illative singular)
lēd̦kūži (illative plural)
lēd̦kūsõ (inessive singular)
lēd̦kūs (inessive singular)
lēd̦kūši (inessive plural)
lēd̦kūstõ (elative singular)
lēd̦kūst (elative singular)
lēd̦kūšti (elative plural)

Valda Šuvcāne, Ieva Ernštreite (1999, 2005), Latvian-Livonian-English Phrase Book, Eraksti, →ISBN
maijs – maij (lēd̦kū) – May
May – May (leaf month) – May


tulk

tulk (nominative singular)
tūlkõd (nominative plural)
tulk (genitive singular)
tūlkõd (genitive plural)
tulkõ (partitive singular)
tūlkidi (partitive plural)
tulkõn (dative singular)
tūlkõdõn (dative plural)
tulkõks (instrumental singular)
tūlkõdõks (instrumental plural)
tulkõ (illative singular)
tūlkiž (illative plural)
tulksõ (inessive singular)
tūlkis (inessive plural)
tulkstõ (elative singular)
tūlkist (elative plural)

Akin to Finnish tulkki. Ultimately from Old East Slavic тълкъ (tŭlkŭ), from Proto-Slavic *tъlkъ.


janvār

janvār (nominative singular)
janvārõd (nominative plural)
janvār (genitive singular)
janvārõd (genitive plural)
janvārt (partitive singular)
janvāridi (partitive plural)
janvārõn (dative singular)
janvārõdõn (dative plural)
janvārõks (instrumental singular)
janvārõdõks (instrumental plural)
janvārõ (illative singular)
janvāriž (illative plural)
janvārõs (inessive singular)
janvārs (inessive singular)
janvāris (inessive plural)
janvārõst (elative singular)
janvārst (elative singular)
janvārist (elative plural)

Apparently ultimately from Latin. See etymology at English January.


sukā

sukā (nominative singular)
sukād (nominative plural)
sukā (genitive singular)
sukād (genitive plural)
sukkõ (partitive singular)
sukți (partitive plural)
sukān (dative singular)
sukādõn (dative plural)
sukāks (instrumental singular)
sukādõks (instrumental plural)
sukkõ (illative singular)
sukīž (illative plural)
sukās (inessive singular)
sukīs (inessive plural)
sukāst (elative singular)
sukīst (elative plural)

Compare Estonian sukk, Finnish sukka. From Old Norse. Ultimately from Latin soccus.

sūrnõggõlõks nõgļiz sukți

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA ma artõb sukkõ I'm unraveling a sock iggizt sukād sweaty socks kǟdõ kui sukādõks to walk very quietly (lit. to walk as if in socks)


eļ

eļ (nominative singular)
eļļõd (nominative plural)
eļ (genitive singular)
eļļõd (genitive plural)
eļļõ (partitive singular)
eļļidi (partitive plural)
eļļõn (dative singular)
eļļõdõn (dative plural)
eļļõks (instrumental singular)
eļļõdõks (instrumental plural)
eļļõ (illative singular)
eļļiž (illative plural)
eļš (inessive singular)
eļšõ (inessive singular)
eļļis (inessive plural)
eļštõ (elative singular)
eļļist (elative plural)

Apparently borrowed from Latvian elle. Ultimately from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German. See etymology at Latvian elle.

he is burning up (lit. "burns [as if] in hell's flame") / he is burning in hell (depending on context)


pǟ

pǟ (nominative singular)
pǟd (nominative plural)
pǟ (genitive singular)
pǟd (genitive plural)
pǟdõ (partitive singular)
pēḑi (partitive plural)
pǟn (dative singular)
pǟdõn (dative plural)
pǟkõks (instrumental singular)
pǟdkõks (instrumental plural)
pǟzõ (illative singular)
pēži (illative plural)
pǟsõ (inessive singular)
pǟs (inessive singular)
pēši (inessive plural)
pǟstõ (elative singular)
pǟst (elative singular)
pēšti (elative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *pää, from Proto-Uralic *päŋe.

pǟ kīlõks pānda
to be absolutely sure; to bet one's life on something (lit. "to pledge one's head")
pǟ īrgõb rinkõ lǟdõ
to get dizzy; to have one's head spinning (lit. "head starts to go in circle")
pǟ kīerõb (~ lǟb immar)
head is spinning (~ going around)
pǟ mōzõ võttõ
to decapitate (lit. "to take off head")
pǟdõ vȯtšõ
to look for lice (lit. "to inspect head")
midēgõst pǟzõ võttõ
(of something) to have gotten into (someone); to become convinced of something (lit. "to take something inside of (one's) head")
pǟsõ tēḑi vȯtšõ
to look for lice on (one's) head (lit. "in head")
pǟstõ jālgad sōņi kažži
soaking/wet from head to toe (lit. "legs")
pǟstõ oppõ
to memorize (lit. "learn from head")
pǟstõ tieudõ
to know from memory (lit. "to know from head")
jõvāst pǟst
out of good will (lit. "from good head")
kibārt pǟzõ pānda
to put on hat (lit. "to put hat inside of head")

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA täuž pǟ drunk (lit. "full head")

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
veis pǟ
handle of a knife
duņtšõn um pǟ
dagger has a handle


kalā

kalā (nominative singular)
kalād (nominative plural)
kalā (genitive singular)
kalād (genitive plural)
kallõ (partitive singular)
kaļḑi (partitive plural)
kalān (dative singular)
kalādõn (dative plural)
kalāks (instrumental singular)
kalādõks (instrumental plural)
kallõ (illative singular)
kaļži (illative plural)
kalās (inessive singular)
kaļši (inessive plural)
kalāst (elative singular)
kaļšti (elative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *kala, from Proto-Uralic *kala. Cognates include Estonian kala and Finnish kala.


tūļ

tūļ (nominative singular)
tūld (nominative plural)
tūl (genitive singular)
tūld (genitive plural)
tūldõ (partitive singular)
tūļi (partitive plural)
tūlõn (dative singular)
tūldõn (dative plural)
tūlkõks (instrumental singular)
tūldkõks (instrumental plural)
tūlõ (illative singular)
tūļiž (illative plural)
tūlsõ (inessive singular)
tūļši (inessive plural)
tūlstõ (elative singular)
tūļšti (elative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *tuuli, from Proto-Finno-Permic *towle. Ultimately borrowed from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuH-li-.

he lives like empty wind (~ like on wind)
tūlkõks lommõ
to sway with wind
mudā tulāb aigõ mierlimizt tūldkõks
algae come ashore with sea winds
pūd nõtkõbõd tūlsõ
trees bend in wind
tūlsudmaļ
windmill
tūldõ äb ūo mittõ rōz
there isn't any wind at all

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA ta jelāb nei ku tijā tūļ (~ nei ku tūl pǟl)


instrumentāl

instrumentāl (nominative singular)
instrumentāl (genitive singular)
instrumentālõ (partitive singular)
instrumentālõn (dative singular)
instrumentālõks (instrumental singular)
instrumentālõ (illative singular)
instrumentāls (inessive singular)
instrumentālõs (inessive singular)
instrumentālst (elative singular)
instrumentālõst (elative singular)


genitīv

genitīv (nominative singular)
genitīv (genitive singular)
genitīvõ (partitive singular)
genitīvõn (dative singular)
genitīvõks (instrumental singular)
genitīvõ (illative singular)
genitīvs (inessive singular)
genitīvõs (inessive singular)
genitīvst (elative singular)
genitīvõst (elative singular)


partitīv

partitīv (nominative singular)
partitīv (genitive singular)
partitīvõ (partitive singular)
partitīvõn (dative singular)
partitīvõks (instrumental singular)
partitīvõ (illative singular)
partitīvs (inessive singular)
partitīvõs (inessive singular)
partitīvst (elative singular)
partitīvõst (elative singular)


datīv

datīv (nominative singular)
datīv (genitive singular)
datīvõ (partitive singular)
datīvõn (dative singular)
datīvõks (instrumental singular)
datīvõ (illative singular)
datīvs (inessive singular)
datīvõs (inessive singular)
datīvst (elative singular)
datīvõst (elative singular)


inesīv

inesīv (nominative singular)
inesīv (genitive singular)
inesīvõ (partitive singular)
inesīvõn (dative singular)
inesīvõks (instrumental singular)
inesīvõ (illative singular)
inesīvs (inessive singular)
inesīvõs (inessive singular)
inesīvst (elative singular)
inesīvõst (elative singular)


illatīv

illatīv (nominative singular)
illatīv (genitive singular)
illatīvõ (partitive singular)
illatīvõn (dative singular)
illatīvõks (instrumental singular)
illatīvõ (illative singular)
illatīvs (inessive singular)
illatīvõs (inessive singular)
illatīvst (elative singular)
illatīvõst (elative singular)


nominatīv

nominatīv (nominative singular)
nominatīv (genitive singular)
nominatīvõ (partitive singular)
nominatīvõn (dative singular)
nominatīvõks (instrumental singular)
nominatīvõ (illative singular)
nominatīvs (inessive singular)
nominatīvõs (inessive singular)
nominatīvst (elative singular)
nominatīvõst (elative singular)


elatīv

elatīv (nominative singular)
elatīv (genitive singular)
elatīvõ (partitive singular)
elatīvõn (dative singular)
elatīvõks (instrumental singular)
elatīvõ (illative singular)
elatīvs (inessive singular)
elatīvõs (inessive singular)
elatīvst (elative singular)
elatīvõst (elative singular)


analīz

analīz (nominative singular)
analīzõd (nominative plural)
analīz (genitive singular)
analīzõd (genitive plural)
analīzõ (partitive singular)
analīzidi (partitive plural)
analīzõn (dative singular)
analīzõdõn (dative plural)
analīzõks (instrumental singular)
analīzõdõks (instrumental plural)
analīzõ (illative singular)
analīziž (illative plural)
analīzõs (inessive singular)
analīzis (inessive plural)
analīzõst (elative singular)
analīzist (elative plural)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek. See etymology at English analysis. Perhaps via Latvian analīze, cf. Estonian analüüs, /analyːs/. At the turn of the 20th century ü underwent delabialization to i in Livonian itself – acquisition without Latvian mediation possible as well. All three languages likely acquired the term via German Analyse, [ʔanaˈlyːzə].


eļļõ

eļļõ (nominative singular)
eļļõd (nominative plural)
eļļõ (genitive singular)
eļļõd (genitive plural)
eļļõ (partitive singular)
eļļidi (partitive plural)
eļļõn (dative singular)
eļļõdõn (dative plural)
eļļõks (instrumental singular)
eļļõdõks (instrumental plural)
eļļõz (illative singular)
eļļõ (illative singular)
eļļiž (illative plural)
eļļõs (inessive singular)
eļļis (inessive plural)
eļļõst (elative singular)
eļļist (elative plural)

Possibly borrowed from Latvian eļļa. Ultimately from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German ölje from olie. Compare German Öl. Suhonen lists the form eļ as a borrowing from Latvian or German. This entry uses the form listed in LĒL for the "oil" sense.

eļļõks eļļõb


kaš

kaš (nominative singular)
kašīd (nominative plural)
kaš (genitive singular)
kašīd (genitive plural)
kaššõ (partitive singular)
kašīdi (partitive plural)
kaššõn (dative singular)
kašīdõn (dative plural)
kaššõks (instrumental singular)
kašīdõks (instrumental plural)
kaššõ (illative singular)
kašīz (illative plural)
kaššõs (inessive singular)
kašīs (inessive plural)
kaššõst (elative singular)
kašīst (elative plural)

cat thinks he is god (lit. "cat is holding [himself] for god")


munādkuoț

munādkuoț (nominative singular)
munādkuoțīd (nominative plural)
munādkuoț (genitive singular)
munādkuoțīd (genitive plural)
munādkuoțțõ (partitive singular)
munādkuoțīdi (partitive plural)
munādkuoțțõn (dative singular)
munādkuoțīdõn (dative plural)
munādkuoțțõks (instrumental singular)
munādkuoțīdõks (instrumental plural)
munādkuoțțõ (illative singular)
munādkuoțīž (illative plural)
munādkuoțš (inessive singular)
munādkuoțšõ (inessive singular)
munādkuoțīs (inessive plural)
munādkuoțštõ (elative singular)
munādkuoțīst (elative plural)


piņ

piņ (nominative singular)
piņīd (nominative plural)
piņ (genitive singular)
piņīd (genitive plural)
piņņõ (partitive singular)
piņīdi (partitive plural)
piņņõn (dative singular)
piņīdõn (dative plural)
piņkõks (instrumental singular)
piņīdõks (instrumental plural)
piņņõ (illative singular)
piņīž (illative plural)
piņš (inessive singular)
piņšõ (inessive singular)
piņīs (inessive plural)
piņštõ (elative singular)
piņīst (elative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *peni, derived from Proto-Finno-Permic *penä. Cognates include Finnish peni, Northern Sami beana, Võro pini.

jemā sīetõb piņņõn leibõ

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA neiku piņīd utābõd īd tuoizõn vastõ like dogs, barking at each other piņkõks õŗštõ to sic a dog [on someone]


alīztas

alīztas (nominative singular)
alīztassõd (nominative plural)
alīztas (genitive singular)
alīztassõd (genitive plural)
alīztassõ (partitive singular)
alīztassidi (partitive plural)
alīztassõn (dative singular)
alīztassõdõn (dative plural)
alīztassõks (instrumental singular)
alīztassõdõks (instrumental plural)
alīztassõ (illative singular)
alīztassiž (illative plural)
alīztassõs (inessive singular)
alīztassis (inessive plural)
alīztassõst (elative singular)
alīztassist (elative plural)

alīz + tas, a calque of Latvian apakštase which, in turn, is a calque of German Untertasse.


allitas

a'llitas (canonical)
allitas (nominative singular)
allizttassõd (nominative plural)
alīztas (genitive singular)
allizttassõd (genitive plural)
alīzttassõ (partitive singular)
alīžitassidi (partitive plural)
alīztõntassõn (dative singular)
alliztõntassõdõn (dative plural)
alīztõkstassõks (instrumental singular)
alliztõkstassõdõks (instrumental plural)
alīzõtassõ (illative singular)
alīžiztassiž (illative plural)
alīzõstassõs (inessive singular)
alīžistassis (inessive plural)
alīzõsttassõst (elative singular)
alīžisttassist (elative plural)

From alli + tas, a calque of Latvian apakštase which, in turn, is a calque of German Untertasse.


kaffetas

kaffetas (nominative singular)
kaffetassõd (nominative plural)
kaffetas (genitive singular)
kaffetassõd (genitive plural)
kaffetassõ (partitive singular)
kaffetassidi (partitive plural)
kaffetassõn (dative singular)
kaffetassõdõn (dative plural)
kaffetassõks (instrumental singular)
kaffetassõdõks (instrumental plural)
kaffetassõ (illative singular)
kaffetassiž (illative plural)
kaffetassõs (inessive singular)
kaffetassis (inessive plural)
kaffetassõst (elative singular)
kaffetassist (elative plural)


kuoț

kuoț (nominative singular)
kuoțīd (nominative plural)
kuoț (genitive singular)
kuoțīd (genitive plural)
kuoțțõ (partitive singular)
kuoțīdi (partitive plural)
kuoțțõn (dative singular)
kuoțīdõn (dative plural)
kuoțțõks (instrumental singular)
kuoțīdõks (instrumental plural)
kuoțțõ (illative singular)
kuoțīž (illative plural)
kuoțš (inessive singular)
kuoțšõ (inessive singular)
kuoțīs (inessive plural)
kuoțštõ (elative singular)
kuoțīst (elative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *kotti. Cognates include Estonian kott.

he tailored himself a new coat from an old sack


allatīv

allatīv (nominative singular)
allatīv (genitive singular)
allatīvõ (partitive singular)
allatīvõn (dative singular)
allatīvõks (instrumental singular)
allatīvõ (illative singular)
allatīvs (inessive singular)
allatīvõs (inessive singular)
allatīvst (elative singular)
allatīvõst (elative singular)


adesīv

adesīv (nominative singular)
adesīv (genitive singular)
adesīvõ (partitive singular)
adesīvõn (dative singular)
adesīvõks (instrumental singular)
adesīvõ (illative singular)
adesīvs (inessive singular)
adesīvõs (inessive singular)
adesīvst (elative singular)
adesīvõst (elative singular)


ablatīv

ablatīv (nominative singular)
ablatīv (genitive singular)
ablatīvõ (partitive singular)
ablatīvõn (dative singular)
ablatīvõks (instrumental singular)
ablatīvõ (illative singular)
ablatīvs (inessive singular)
ablatīvõs (inessive singular)
ablatīvst (elative singular)
ablatīvõst (elative singular)


dattõd

dattõd (nominative plural)
dattõd (genitive plural)
dattidi (partitive plural)
dattõdõn (dative plural)
dattõdõks (instrumental plural)
dattiž (illative plural)
dattis (inessive plural)
dattist (elative plural)

Apparently ultimately from Latin data. See etymology at English data.


rištīng

rištīng (nominative singular)
rovzt (nominative plural)
rištīng (genitive singular)
rovzt (genitive plural)
rištīngt (partitive singular)
rovžti (partitive plural)
rištīngõn (dative singular)
rovztõn (dative plural)
rištīngõks (instrumental singular)
rovztõks (instrumental plural)
rištīngõ (illative singular)
rovžtiž (illative plural)
rištīngõs (inessive singular)
rištīngs (inessive singular)
rovžtis (inessive plural)
rištīngõst (elative singular)
rištīngst (elative singular)
rovžtist (elative plural)

From rišt (“cross”) + -īng, cf, rištõbnim, rištõdnim (“christened name”).


mīez

mīez (nominative singular)
mīed (nominative plural)
mīe (genitive singular)
mīed (genitive plural)
mīeztõ (partitive singular)
mēd̦i (partitive plural)
mīen (dative singular)
mīedõn (dative plural)
mīekõks (instrumental singular)
mīedkõks (instrumental plural)
mīezõ (illative singular)
mēži (illative plural)
mīesõ (inessive singular)
mīes (inessive singular)
mēši (inessive plural)
mīestõ (elative singular)
mīest (elative singular)
mēšti (elative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *mees. Cognate with Estonian mees.

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
mīez pidāb eņtš sõnā jūsõ, ǟrga pidāb eņtš sōrad jūsõ
a man lives up to his word (lit. "holds onto his word"), an ox holds onto its horns
ta akūb mēd̦i
she is chasing after men (lit. "catching men")


tōvaz

tōvaz (nominative singular)
touvõd (nominative plural)
touvõ (genitive singular)
touvõd (genitive plural)
tōvazt (partitive singular)
touvidi (partitive plural)
touvõn (dative singular)
touvõdõn (dative plural)
touvõks (instrumental singular)
touvõdõks (instrumental plural)
touvõ (illative singular)
touvõz (illative singular)
touviž (illative plural)
touvõs (inessive singular)
touvs (inessive singular)
touvis (inessive plural)
touvõst (elative singular)
touvst (elative singular)
touvist (elative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *taivas through variant *tauvas, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *deiwas. Compare Estonian taevas, Finnish taivas, Latvian dievs.

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Didžā vaņțlõb touvõzõ
Didžā (~ Didzis) is looking at the sky


bäzmõr

bä'zmõr (canonical)
bäzmõr (nominative singular)
bäzmõrd (nominative plural)
bäzmõr (genitive singular)
bäzmõrd (genitive plural)
bäzmõrt (partitive singular)
bäzmõri (partitive plural)
bäzmõrõn (dative singular)
bäzmõrdõn (dative plural)
bäzmõrõks (instrumental singular)
bäzmõrdõks (instrumental plural)
bäzmõrõ (illative singular)
bäzmõriž (illative plural)
bäzmõrõs (inessive singular)
bäzmõrs (inessive singular)
bäzmõris (inessive plural)
bäzmõrõst (elative singular)
bäzmõrst (elative singular)
bäzmõrist (elative plural)


mōmīez

mōmīez (nominative singular)
mōmīed (nominative plural)
mōmīe (genitive singular)
mōmīed (genitive plural)
mōmīeztõ (partitive singular)
mōmēḑi (partitive plural)
mōmīen (dative singular)
mōmīedõn (dative plural)
mōmīekõks (instrumental singular)
mōmīedkõks (instrumental plural)
mōmīezõ (illative singular)
mōmēži (illative plural)
mōmīesõ (inessive singular)
mōmīes (inessive singular)
mōmēši (inessive plural)
mōmīestõ (elative singular)
mōmīest (elative singular)
mōmēšti (elative plural)


kalāmīez

kalāmīez (nominative singular)
kalāmīed (nominative plural)
kalāmīe (genitive singular)
kalāmīed (genitive plural)
kalāmīeztõ (partitive singular)
kalāmēḑi (partitive plural)
kalāmīen (dative singular)
kalāmīedõn (dative plural)
kalāmīekõks (instrumental singular)
kalāmīedkõks (instrumental plural)
kalāmīezõ (illative singular)
kalāmēži (illative plural)
kalāmīesõ (inessive singular)
kalāmīes (inessive singular)
kalāmēši (inessive plural)
kalāmīestõ (elative singular)
kalāmīest (elative singular)
kalāmēšti (elative plural)

he became a fisherman

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA kalāmīe jelāmi a fisherman's life tämstõ sai kalāmīez (~ ta ei kalāmīekõks)


nūoŗmīez

nūoŗmīez (nominative singular)
nūoŗmīed (nominative plural)
nūoŗmīe (genitive singular)
nūoŗmīed (genitive plural)
nūoŗmīeztõ (partitive singular)
nūoŗmēḑi (partitive plural)
nūoŗmīen (dative singular)
nūoŗmīedõn (dative plural)
nūoŗmīekõks (instrumental singular)
nūoŗmīedkõks (instrumental plural)
nūoŗmīezõ (illative singular)
nūoŗmēži (illative plural)
nūoŗmīesõ (inessive singular)
nūoŗmīes (inessive singular)
nūoŗmēši (inessive plural)
nūoŗmīestõ (elative singular)
nūoŗmīest (elative singular)
nūoŗmēšti (elative plural)


nūoŗkazām

nūoŗkazām (nominative singular)
nūoŗkazām (genitive singular)
nūoŗkazāmt (partitive singular)
nūoŗkazāmõn (dative singular)
nūoŗkazāmõks (instrumental singular)
nūoŗkazāmõ (illative singular)
nūoŗkazāmõs (inessive singular)
nūoŗkazāms (inessive singular)
nūoŗkazāmõst (elative singular)
nūoŗkazāmst (elative singular)

From nūoŗ (“young”) + kazām (“stature, generation”).


nūoŗkū

nūoŗkū (nominative singular)
nūoŗkū (genitive singular)
nūoŗkūdõ (partitive singular)
nūoŗkūn (dative singular)
nūoŗkūkõks (instrumental singular)
nūoŗkūzõ (illative singular)
nūoŗkūsõ (inessive singular)
nūoŗkūs (inessive singular)
nūoŗkūstõ (elative singular)
nūoŗkūst (elative singular)

From nūoŗ (“young”) + kū (“moon”). The usage of the adjective nūoŗ – perhaps by contamination with Latvian jauns, as Latvian lacks separate terms for "new" and "young." Compare Finnish uusikuu (“new moon”).


ikšlug

ikšlu'g (canonical)
ikšlug (nominative singular)
ikšlug (genitive singular)
ikšluggõ (partitive singular)
ikšluggõn (dative singular)
ikšlugkõks (instrumental singular)
ikšluggõ (illative singular)
ikšlugsõ (inessive singular)
ikšlugs (inessive singular)
ikšlugstõ (elative singular)
ikšlugst (elative singular)

From ikš (“one”) + lug (“number, count”).


pǟgiņlug

pǟgiņlu'g (canonical)
pǟgiņlug (nominative singular)
pǟgiņlug (genitive singular)
pǟgiņluggõ (partitive singular)
pǟgiņluggõn (dative singular)
pǟgiņlugkõks (instrumental singular)
pǟgiņluggõ (illative singular)
pǟgiņlugsõ (inessive singular)
pǟgiņlugs (inessive singular)
pǟgiņlugstõ (elative singular)
pǟgiņlugst (elative singular)

From pǟgiņ (“many”) + lug (“number, count”).


alīz

alīz (nominative singular)
alīzt (nominative plural)
alīz (genitive singular)
alīzt (genitive plural)
alīzt (partitive singular)
alīži (partitive plural)
alīzõn (dative singular)
alīztõn (dative plural)
alīzõks (instrumental singular)
alīztõks (instrumental plural)
alīzõ (illative singular)
alīžiz (illative plural)
alīzõs (inessive singular)
alīžis (inessive plural)
alīzõst (elative singular)
alīžist (elative plural)

Compare Estonian alus. Nominative of this word is the same as genitive of alli (“underside, foundation”). These words can be used as a compound – alīzalli (“foundation”), perhaps it is a reduplication of alli and alīz is its genitive that has been nominalized as a new lexical item.


brīõz

brīõz (nominative singular)
brīõz (genitive singular)
brīõzt (partitive singular)
brīõzõn (dative singular)
brīõzõks (instrumental singular)
brīõzõ (illative singular)
brīõzõs (inessive singular)
brīõzõst (elative singular)

From brī (“free”) + -õz. Compare Latvian brīvs (“free”), Estonian priius (“freedom”) ultimately from Middle Low German or Middle Dutch. See etymology at Latvian brīvs. Likely parallel not via Latvian brīvs.


pōŗ

pōŗ (nominative singular)
pōŗõd (nominative plural)
pōŗ (genitive singular)
pōŗõd (genitive plural)
pōŗõ (partitive singular)
pōŗidi (partitive plural)
pōŗõn (dative singular)
pōŗõdõn (dative plural)
pōŗõks (instrumental singular)
pōŗõdõks (instrumental plural)
pōŗõ (illative singular)
pōŗiž (illative plural)
pōŗšõ (inessive singular)
pōŗis (inessive plural)
pōŗštõ (elative singular)
pōŗist (elative plural)
pōr (alternative)


nūoŗpōr

nūoŗpōr (nominative singular)
nūoŗpōrõd (nominative plural)
nūoŗpōr (genitive singular)
nūoŗpōrõd (genitive plural)
nūoŗpōrõ (partitive singular)
nūoŗpōridi (partitive plural)
nūoŗpōrõn (dative singular)
nūoŗpōrõdõn (dative plural)
nūoŗpōrõks (instrumental singular)
nūoŗpōrõdõks (instrumental plural)
nūoŗpōrõ (illative singular)
nūoŗpōriž (illative plural)
nūoŗpōrsõ (inessive singular)
nūoŗpōrs (inessive singular)
nūoŗpōris (inessive plural)
nūoŗpōrstõ (elative singular)
nūoŗpōrst (elative singular)
nūoŗpōrist (elative plural)
nūoŗpōŗ (alternative)

From nūoŗ (“young”) + pōr (“couple, pair”).


nūoŗpōŗ

nūoŗpōŗ (nominative singular)
nūoŗpōŗõd (nominative plural)
nūoŗpōŗ (genitive singular)
nūoŗpōŗõd (genitive plural)
nūoŗpōŗõ (partitive singular)
nūoŗpōŗidi (partitive plural)
nūoŗpōŗõn (dative singular)
nūoŗpōŗõdõn (dative plural)
nūoŗpōŗõks (instrumental singular)
nūoŗpōŗõdõks (instrumental plural)
nūoŗpōŗõ (illative singular)
nūoŗpōŗiž (illative plural)
nūoŗpōŗšõ (inessive singular)
nūoŗpōŗis (inessive plural)
nūoŗpōŗštõ (elative singular)
nūoŗpōŗist (elative plural)
nūoŗpōr (alternative)

From nūoŗ (“young”) + pōŗ (“couple, pair”).


blēd̦

Apparently a borrowing from Latvian blēdis. Karulis lists blēdis as an inherited word cognate with Lithuanian blėdis (“loss, misfortune”), Russian блядь (bljadʹ, “prostitute, wretch”) (Old Church Slavonic блѧдь (blędĭ, “deceit, liar, promiscuous woman”)). By a competing theory the word is a borrowing from Old East Slavic блядь (bljadĭ).


jūoji

jūoji (nominative singular)
jūojizt (nominative plural)
jūojiz (genitive singular)
jūojizt (genitive plural)
jūojizt (partitive singular)
jūojit (partitive singular)
jūojiži (partitive plural)
jūojizõn (dative singular)
jūojiztõn (dative plural)
jūojizõks (instrumental singular)
jūojiztõks (instrumental plural)
jūojizõ (illative singular)
jūojižiz (illative plural)
jūojizõs (inessive singular)
jūojižis (inessive plural)
jūojizõst (elative singular)
jūojižist (elative plural)
jūoji (nominative singular)
jūojid (nominative plural)
jūojiz (genitive singular)
jūojid (genitive plural)
jūojizt (partitive singular)
jūojit (partitive singular)
jūojidi (partitive plural)
jūojizõn (dative singular)
jūojidõn (dative plural)
jūojizõks (instrumental singular)
jūojidõks (instrumental plural)
jūojizõ (illative singular)
jūojiži (illative plural)
jūojis (inessive singular)
jūojisi (inessive plural)
jūojist (elative singular)
jūojisti (elative plural)

drinker agentive noun from the verb "to drink"


pärsōn

pärsōn (nominative singular)
pärsōnõd (nominative plural)
pärsōn (genitive singular)
pärsōnõd (genitive plural)
pärsōnõ (partitive singular)
pärsōnidi (partitive plural)
pärsōnõn (dative singular)
pärsōnõdõn (dative plural)
pärsōnõks (instrumental singular)
pärsōnõdõks (instrumental plural)
pärsōnõ (illative singular)
pärsōniž (illative plural)
pärsōns (inessive singular)
pärsōnis (inessive plural)
pärsōnst (elative singular)
pärsōnist (elative plural)

Pronunciation is identical to its Latvian counterpart persona (/pærsoːna/), featuring the so-called "regressive vowel harmony" (/e/ → /æ/ before a back vowel.) Ultimately from Latin. See etymology at English person.


februār

februār (nominative singular)
februārõd (nominative plural)
februār (genitive singular)
februārõd (genitive plural)
februārõ (partitive singular)
februāridi (partitive plural)
februārõn (dative singular)
februārõdõn (dative plural)
februārõks (instrumental singular)
februārõdõks (instrumental plural)
februārõ (illative singular)
februāriž (illative plural)
februārs (inessive singular)
februāris (inessive plural)
februārst (elative singular)
februārist (elative plural)

Apparently ultimately from Latin. See etymology at English February.


bōr

bōr (nominative singular)
bōrõd (nominative plural)
bōr (genitive singular)
bōrõd (genitive plural)
bōrõ (partitive singular)
bōridi (partitive plural)
bōrõn (dative singular)
bōrõdõn (dative plural)
bōrõks (instrumental singular)
bōrõdõks (instrumental plural)
bōrõ (illative singular)
bōriž (illative plural)
bōrsõ (inessive singular)
bōrs (inessive singular)
bōris (inessive plural)
bōrstõ (elative singular)
bōrst (elative singular)
bōrist (elative plural)

Apparently from Latvian bārs (“orphaned, weak, vulnerable”). Suhonen lists a form bōriņ as a borrowing from Latvian bāriņš a variant of bārenis used in some compounds, e.g., bāriņtiesa (“custody court, family court”). This entry is for the form listed in LĒL.


boŗ

bo'ŗ (canonical)
boŗ (nominative singular)
boŗīd (nominative plural)
boŗ (genitive singular)
boŗīd (genitive plural)
boŗŗõ (partitive singular)
boŗīdi (partitive plural)
boŗŗõn (dative singular)
boŗīdõn (dative plural)
boŗkõks (instrumental singular)
boŗīdõks (instrumental plural)
boŗŗõ (illative singular)
boŗīž (illative plural)
boŗš (inessive singular)
boŗšõ (inessive singular)
boŗīs (inessive plural)
boŗštõ (elative singular)
boŗīst (elative plural)

Perhaps related to buoŗ (“a handheld borer, drill”) that Suhonen lists as a borrowing from Latvian boris. Ultimately from Low German bōr.


tūoiznapǟva

tūoiznapǟva (nominative singular)
tūoiznapǟvad (nominative plural)
tūoiznapǟva (genitive singular)
tūoiznapǟvad (genitive plural)
tūoiznapäuvõ (partitive singular)
tūoiznapäuvḑi (partitive plural)
tūoiznapǟvan (dative singular)
tūoiznapǟvadõn (dative plural)
tūoiznapǟvaks (instrumental singular)
tūoiznapǟvadõks (instrumental plural)
tūoiznapäuvõ (illative singular)
tūoiznapäuvži (illative plural)
tūoiznapǟvas (inessive singular)
tūoiznapäuvši (inessive plural)
tūoiznapǟvast (elative singular)
tūoiznapäuvšti (elative plural)

From an inflected form of tuoi (“second”) + pǟva (“day”).


kanā

kanā (nominative singular)
kanād (nominative plural)
kanā (genitive singular)
kanād (genitive plural)
kannõ (partitive singular)
kaņḑi (partitive plural)
kanān (dative singular)
kanādõn (dative plural)
kanāks (instrumental singular)
kanādõks (instrumental plural)
kannõ (illative singular)
kaņži (illative plural)
kanās (inessive singular)
kaņši (inessive plural)
kanāst (elative singular)
kaņšti (elative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *kana, from Proto-Germanic *hanô. Cognates include Finnish kana and Estonian kana.

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
kakš kannõ
two chickens
mitīdtõ kannõ
not a single chicken
ta um nemē kanā pakkiļis
he is like a chicken in tow
ta pidāb kaņḑi
he keeps chickens

Gallus gallus domesticus
Wikispecies:Gallus gallus domesticus


analōgij

analōgij (nominative singular)
analōgijd (nominative plural)
analōgij (genitive singular)
analōgijd (genitive plural)
analōgijõ (partitive singular)
analōgijḑi (partitive plural)
analōgijõn (dative singular)
analōgijdõn (dative plural)
analōgijõks (instrumental singular)
analōgijdkõks (instrumental plural)
analōgijõ (illative singular)
analōgijži (illative plural)
analōgijsõ (inessive singular)
analōgijs (inessive singular)
analōgijši (inessive plural)
analōgijstõ (elative singular)
analōgijst (elative singular)
analōgijšti (elative plural)

Apparently via Latin, ultimately from Ancient Greek. See etymology at English analogy. Morphologically from analōg (“an analog”) + -ij (“-y”).

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
analōgij – analoogia – analoģija
analogy – analogy – analogy


analōg

analōg (nominative singular)
analōgõd (nominative plural)
analōg (genitive singular)
analōgõd (genitive plural)
analōgõ (partitive singular)
analōgidi (partitive plural)
analōgõn (dative singular)
analōgõdõn (dative plural)
analōgõks (instrumental singular)
analōgõdõks (instrumental plural)
analōgõ (illative singular)
analōgiž (illative plural)
analōgõs (inessive singular)
analōgs (inessive singular)
analōgis (inessive plural)
analōgõst (elative singular)
analōgst (elative singular)
analōgist (elative plural)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek. See etymology at English analog.

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
analōg – analoog – analogs
analog – analog – analog


statsij

statsij (nominative singular)
statsijd (nominative plural)
statsij (genitive singular)
statsijd (genitive plural)
statsijõ (partitive singular)
statsijḑi (partitive plural)
statsijõn (dative singular)
statsijdõn (dative plural)
statsijõks (instrumental singular)
statsijdkõks (instrumental plural)
statsijõ (illative singular)
statsijži (illative plural)
statsijsõ (inessive singular)
statsijs (inessive singular)
statsijši (inessive plural)
statsijstõ (elative singular)
statsijst (elative singular)
statsijšti (elative plural)

Apparently ultimately from Latin. See etymology at English station. Morphologically from stats + -ij.

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
statsij – jaam – stacija
station – station – station