-o

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ā; compare Latvian -a, Proto-Slavic *-a (“id”). From the Proto-Indo-European thematic masculine ablative ending *-ōd, with regular Balto-Slavic loss of final d. Compare Sanskrit -आत् (-āt), Latin -ō and Ancient Greek ὄπ-ω (óp-ō, “whence”). In Balto-Slavic, the genitive merged with the ablative. The original genitive was retained, however, in West Baltic; compare Old Prussian -as, presumably from Proto-Indo-European *-os; compare Hittite 𒀸 (-as).

Used to form genitive singulars of masculine a-stem nouns.

Used to form genitive singulars of masculine a-stem adjectives.


-o

Used to form third person present tense forms in third declension verbs.

Used to form third person past tense forms in first declension verbs.


-o

namas + -o → namo


-as

nominal suffix (ending) of the first declension of the nouns.

Rusija (“Russia”) + -as → rusas (“Russian (person)”)

nominal suffix (ending) which indicates a demonym.


-us

-ùs (canonical masculine stress-pattern-4)
-ù (neuter positive)
-ùs (masculine nominative singular)
-ūs (masculine nominative plural positive)
-ì (feminine nominative positive singular)
-ios (feminine nominative plural positive)
-aũs (genitive masculine singular)
-ių̃ (genitive masculine plural positive)
-iõs (feminine genitive positive singular)
-ių̃ (feminine genitive plural positive)
-iám (dative masculine singular)
-íems (dative masculine plural positive)
-iai (dative feminine positive singular)
-ióms (dative feminine plural positive)
-ų (accusative masculine singular)
-iùs (accusative masculine plural positive)
-ią (accusative feminine positive singular)
-iàs (accusative feminine plural positive)
-iù (instrumental masculine singular)
-iaĩs (instrumental masculine plural positive)
-ià (feminine instrumental positive singular)
-iomìs (feminine instrumental plural positive)
-iamè (locative masculine singular)
-iuosè (locative masculine plural positive)
-iojè (feminine locative positive singular)
-iosè (feminine locative plural positive)
-ùs (masculine singular vocative)
-ūs (masculine plural positive vocative)
-ì (feminine positive singular vocative)
-ios (feminine plural positive vocative)
-iaũ (comparative feminine neuter)
-èsnis (masculine nominative singular)
-esnì (comparative masculine nominative plural)
-èsnė (comparative feminine nominative singular)
-èsnės (comparative feminine nominative plural)
-èsnio (genitive masculine singular)
-esnių̃ (comparative genitive masculine plural)
-esnė̃s (comparative feminine genitive singular)
-esnių̃ (comparative feminine genitive plural)
-esniám (dative masculine singular)
-esníems (comparative dative masculine plural)
-èsnei (comparative dative feminine singular)
-esnė̃ms (comparative dative feminine plural)
-èsnį (accusative masculine singular)
-esniùs (accusative comparative masculine plural)
-èsnę (accusative comparative feminine singular)
-esnès (accusative comparative feminine plural)
-esniù (instrumental masculine singular)
-esniaĩs (comparative instrumental masculine plural)
-esnè (comparative feminine instrumental singular)
-esnėmìs (comparative feminine instrumental plural)
-esniamè (locative masculine singular)
-esniuosè (comparative locative masculine plural)
-èsnėje (comparative feminine locative singular)
-esnėsè (comparative feminine locative plural)
-iáusia (feminine neuter superlative)
-iáusias (masculine nominative singular)
-iáusi (masculine nominative plural superlative)
-iáusia (nominative singular superlative)
-iáusios (feminine nominative plural superlative)
-iáusio (genitive masculine singular)
-iáusių (genitive masculine plural superlative)
-iáusios (genitive singular superlative)
-iáusių (feminine genitive plural superlative)
-iáusiam (dative masculine singular)
-iáusiems (dative masculine plural superlative)
-iáusiai (dative singular superlative)
-iáusioms (dative feminine plural superlative)
-iáusią (accusative masculine singular)
-iáusius (accusative masculine plural superlative)
-iáusią (accusative singular superlative)
-iáusias (accusative feminine plural superlative)
-iáusiu (instrumental masculine singular)
-iáusiais (instrumental masculine plural superlative)
-iáusia (instrumental singular superlative)
-iáusiomis (feminine instrumental plural superlative)
-iáusiame (locative masculine singular)
-iáusiuose (locative masculine plural superlative)
-iáusioje (locative singular superlative)
-iáusiose (feminine locative plural superlative)
-ùsis (masculine nominative positive singular)
-íeji (masculine nominative plural positive)
-ióji (feminine nominative positive singular)
-iosios (feminine nominative plural positive)
-iojo (genitive masculine positive singular)
-ių̃jų (genitive masculine plural positive)
-iõsios (feminine genitive positive singular)
-ių̃jų (feminine genitive plural positive)
-iájam (dative masculine positive singular)
-íesiems (dative masculine plural positive)
-iajai (dative feminine positive singular)
-iósioms (dative feminine plural positive)
-ųjį (accusative masculine positive singular)
-iúosius (accusative masculine plural positive)
-iąją (accusative feminine positive singular)
-ią́sias (accusative feminine plural positive)
-iúoju (instrumental masculine positive singular)
-iaĩsiais (instrumental masculine plural positive)
-ią́ja (feminine instrumental positive singular)
-iõsiomis (feminine instrumental plural positive)
-iãjame (locative masculine positive singular)
-iuõsiuose (locative masculine plural positive)
-iõjoje (feminine locative positive singular)
-iõsiose (feminine locative plural positive)
-ùsis (masculine positive singular vocative)
-íeji (masculine plural positive vocative)
-ióji (feminine positive singular vocative)
-iosios (feminine plural positive vocative)
-esnỹsis (comparative masculine nominative singular)
-esníeji (comparative masculine nominative plural)
-esnióji (comparative feminine nominative singular)
-èsniosios (comparative feminine nominative plural)
-èsniojo (comparative genitive masculine singular)
-esnių̃jų (comparative genitive masculine plural)
-esniõsios (comparative feminine genitive singular)
-esnių̃jų (comparative feminine genitive plural)
-esniájam (comparative dative masculine singular)
-esníesiems (comparative dative masculine plural)
-èsniajai (comparative dative feminine singular)
-esniósioms (comparative dative feminine plural)
-èsnįjį (accusative comparative masculine singular)
-esniúosius (accusative comparative masculine plural)
-èsniąją (accusative comparative feminine singular)
-esnią́sias (accusative comparative feminine plural)
-esniúoju (comparative instrumental masculine singular)
-esniaĩsiais (comparative instrumental masculine plural)
-esnią́ja (comparative feminine instrumental singular)
-esniõsiomis (comparative feminine instrumental plural)
-esniãjame (comparative locative masculine singular)
-esniuõsiuose (comparative locative masculine plural)
-esniõjoje (comparative feminine locative singular)
-esniõsiose (comparative feminine locative plural)
-iáusiasis (masculine nominative singular superlative)
-iáusieji (masculine nominative plural superlative)
-iáusioji (nominative singular superlative)
-iáusiosios (feminine nominative plural superlative)
-iáusiojo (genitive masculine singular superlative)
-iáusiųjų (genitive masculine plural superlative)
-iáusiosios (genitive singular superlative)
-iáusiųjų (feminine genitive plural superlative)
-iáusiajam (dative masculine singular superlative)
-iáusiesiems (dative masculine plural superlative)
-iáusiajai (dative singular superlative)
-iáusiosioms (dative feminine plural superlative)
-iáusiąjį (accusative masculine singular superlative)
-iáusiuosius (accusative masculine plural superlative)
-iáusiąją (accusative singular superlative)
-iáusiąsias (accusative feminine plural superlative)
-iáusiuoju (instrumental masculine singular superlative)
-iáusiaisiais (instrumental masculine plural superlative)
-iáusiąja (instrumental singular superlative)
-iáusiosiomis (feminine instrumental plural superlative)
-iáusiajame (locative masculine singular superlative)
-iáusiuosiuose (locative masculine plural superlative)
-iáusiojoje (locative singular superlative)
-iáusiosiose (feminine locative plural superlative)

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-ós (“adjectival ending”). Pairs such as lañkas (“bend”) : lankùs (“flexible”) find parallels in Sanskrit रुधिर (rúdhira-, “blood”) : रुधिर (rudhirá-, “red”), Ancient Greek δόλιχος (dólikhos, “a long run”) : δολιχός (dolikhós, “long”) and suggest that oxytone stress was used to mark adjectives in Proto-Indo-European. In Proto-Balto-Slavic, the raising of *o to *u must have been conditioned by stress, with the ending *-os giving Lithuanian -ùs under stress and -as otherwise.

cog

ardýti (“take apart”) → ardùs (“crumbly”)

kalbėti (“talk”) → kalbùs (“talkative”)

Adjectival suffix, applied to verbal and nominal roots to denote a disposal or tendency towards something


-us

-us (canonical)
-ùs (canonical masculine)
-ùs (nominative singular)
-ūs (nominative plural)
-aũs (genitive singular)
-ų̃ (genitive plural)
-ui (dative singular)
-ùms (dative plural)
-ų (accusative singular)
-ùs (accusative plural)
-umì (instrumental singular)
-umìs (instrumental plural)
-ujè (locative singular)
-uosè (locative plural)
-aũ (singular vocative)
-ūs (plural vocative)
-u (neuter positive)
-us (masculine nominative singular)
-ūs (masculine nominative plural positive)
-i (feminine nominative positive singular)
-ios (feminine nominative plural positive)
-aus (genitive masculine singular)
-ių (genitive masculine plural positive)
-ios (feminine genitive positive singular)
-ių (feminine genitive plural positive)
-iam (dative masculine singular)
-iems (dative masculine plural positive)
-iai (dative feminine positive singular)
-ioms (dative feminine plural positive)
-ų (accusative masculine singular)
-ius (accusative masculine plural positive)
-ią (accusative feminine positive singular)
-ias (accusative feminine plural positive)
-iu (instrumental masculine singular)
-iais (instrumental masculine plural positive)
-ia (feminine instrumental positive singular)
-iomis (feminine instrumental plural positive)
-iame (locative masculine singular)
-iuose (locative masculine plural positive)
-ioje (feminine locative positive singular)
-iose (feminine locative plural positive)
-us (masculine singular vocative)
-ūs (masculine plural positive vocative)
-i (feminine positive singular vocative)
-ios (feminine plural positive vocative)
-iaũ (comparative feminine neuter)
-èsnis (masculine nominative singular)
-esnì (comparative masculine nominative plural)
-èsnė (comparative feminine nominative singular)
-èsnės (comparative feminine nominative plural)
-èsnio (genitive masculine singular)
-esnių̃ (comparative genitive masculine plural)
-esnė̃s (comparative feminine genitive singular)
-esnių̃ (comparative feminine genitive plural)
-esniám (dative masculine singular)
-esníems (comparative dative masculine plural)
-èsnei (comparative dative feminine singular)
-esnė̃ms (comparative dative feminine plural)
-èsnį (accusative masculine singular)
-esniùs (accusative comparative masculine plural)
-èsnę (accusative comparative feminine singular)
-esnès (accusative comparative feminine plural)
-esniù (instrumental masculine singular)
-esniaĩs (comparative instrumental masculine plural)
-esnè (comparative feminine instrumental singular)
-esnėmìs (comparative feminine instrumental plural)
-esniamè (locative masculine singular)
-esniuosè (comparative locative masculine plural)
-èsnėje (comparative feminine locative singular)
-esnėsè (comparative feminine locative plural)
-iáusia (feminine neuter superlative)
-iáusias (masculine nominative singular)
-iáusi (masculine nominative plural superlative)
-iáusia (nominative singular superlative)
-iáusios (feminine nominative plural superlative)
-iáusio (genitive masculine singular)
-iáusių (genitive masculine plural superlative)
-iáusios (genitive singular superlative)
-iáusių (feminine genitive plural superlative)
-iáusiam (dative masculine singular)
-iáusiems (dative masculine plural superlative)
-iáusiai (dative singular superlative)
-iáusioms (dative feminine plural superlative)
-iáusią (accusative masculine singular)
-iáusius (accusative masculine plural superlative)
-iáusią (accusative singular superlative)
-iáusias (accusative feminine plural superlative)
-iáusiu (instrumental masculine singular)
-iáusiais (instrumental masculine plural superlative)
-iáusia (instrumental singular superlative)
-iáusiomis (feminine instrumental plural superlative)
-iáusiame (locative masculine singular)
-iáusiuose (locative masculine plural superlative)
-iáusioje (locative singular superlative)
-iáusiose (feminine locative plural superlative)
-ùsis (masculine nominative positive singular)
-íeji (masculine nominative plural positive)
-ióji (feminine nominative positive singular)
-iosios (feminine nominative plural positive)
-iojo (genitive masculine positive singular)
-ių̃jų (genitive masculine plural positive)
-iõsios (feminine genitive positive singular)
-ių̃jų (feminine genitive plural positive)
-iájam (dative masculine positive singular)
-íesiems (dative masculine plural positive)
-iajai (dative feminine positive singular)
-iósioms (dative feminine plural positive)
-ųjį (accusative masculine positive singular)
-iúosius (accusative masculine plural positive)
-iąją (accusative feminine positive singular)
-ią́sias (accusative feminine plural positive)
-iúoju (instrumental masculine positive singular)
-iaĩsiais (instrumental masculine plural positive)
-ią́ja (feminine instrumental positive singular)
-iõsiomis (feminine instrumental plural positive)
-iãjame (locative masculine positive singular)
-iuõsiuose (locative masculine plural positive)
-iõjoje (feminine locative positive singular)
-iõsiose (feminine locative plural positive)
-ùsis (masculine positive singular vocative)
-íeji (masculine plural positive vocative)
-ióji (feminine positive singular vocative)
-iosios (feminine plural positive vocative)
-esnỹsis (comparative masculine nominative singular)
-esníeji (comparative masculine nominative plural)
-esnióji (comparative feminine nominative singular)
-èsniosios (comparative feminine nominative plural)
-èsniojo (comparative genitive masculine singular)
-esnių̃jų (comparative genitive masculine plural)
-esniõsios (comparative feminine genitive singular)
-esnių̃jų (comparative feminine genitive plural)
-esniájam (comparative dative masculine singular)
-esníesiems (comparative dative masculine plural)
-èsniajai (comparative dative feminine singular)
-esniósioms (comparative dative feminine plural)
-èsnįjį (accusative comparative masculine singular)
-esniúosius (accusative comparative masculine plural)
-èsniąją (accusative comparative feminine singular)
-esnią́sias (accusative comparative feminine plural)
-esniúoju (comparative instrumental masculine singular)
-esniaĩsiais (comparative instrumental masculine plural)
-esnią́ja (comparative feminine instrumental singular)
-esniõsiomis (comparative feminine instrumental plural)
-esniãjame (comparative locative masculine singular)
-esniuõsiuose (comparative locative masculine plural)
-esniõjoje (comparative feminine locative singular)
-esniõsiose (comparative feminine locative plural)
-iáusiasis (masculine nominative singular superlative)
-iáusieji (masculine nominative plural superlative)
-iáusioji (nominative singular superlative)
-iáusiosios (feminine nominative plural superlative)
-iáusiojo (genitive masculine singular superlative)
-iáusiųjų (genitive masculine plural superlative)
-iáusiosios (genitive singular superlative)
-iáusiųjų (feminine genitive plural superlative)
-iáusiajam (dative masculine singular superlative)
-iáusiesiems (dative masculine plural superlative)
-iáusiajai (dative singular superlative)
-iáusiosioms (dative feminine plural superlative)
-iáusiąjį (accusative masculine singular superlative)
-iáusiuosius (accusative masculine plural superlative)
-iáusiąją (accusative singular superlative)
-iáusiąsias (accusative feminine plural superlative)
-iáusiuoju (instrumental masculine singular superlative)
-iáusiaisiais (instrumental masculine plural superlative)
-iáusiąja (instrumental singular superlative)
-iáusiosiomis (feminine instrumental plural superlative)
-iáusiajame (locative masculine singular superlative)
-iáusiuosiuose (locative masculine plural superlative)
-iáusiojoje (locative singular superlative)
-iáusiosiose (feminine locative plural superlative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-us, reflecting Proto-Indo-European u-stems.

alùs (“beer”) (< Proto-Indo-European *h₂elu-)

sūnùs (“son”) (< Proto-Indo-European *suHnús)

Masculine nominal singular ending for u-stem nouns and adjectives.


-us

From an older *-uos (compare the pronominal ending -uosius). From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ons; compare Latvian -us, Old Prussian -ans, Proto-Slavic *-y. From Proto-Indo-European *-ons (“accusative plural ending”), also reflected in Ancient Greek -ους (-ous), Latin -ōs, Sanskrit -आन् (-ān) and Gothic -𐌰𐌽𐍃 (-ans).

der

Used to form accusative plurals of masculine a- and u-stem nouns.

Used to form accusative plurals of masculine a-stem adjectives.


-us

From Proto-Indo-European *-wōs. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *-vъ. See also -usi.

bū́ti (“to be”) → bùvo (“was”) → bùvus (“having been”)

slė̃pti (“hide”) → past frequentative slė̃pdavo (“hid”) → slė̃pdavus (“having hidden”)

Used to form the past adverbial (padalyvis) participle


-ine

instrumental singular feminine of -inis (“of + noun”)


-ine

instrumental singular feminine of -ìnis (“of + noun”)


-yn

mažas + -yn = mažyn

Forms adverbs that denote a change toward a certain condition.


-ija

Ultimately from Latin -ia or Ancient Greek -ία (-ía), -εία (-eía); found almost exclusively in words borrowed from other languages (compare German, French -ie).

Prancūzija - prancūzas.

Abatija - abatas.

Added to form names of places or administrative units that the person / people of the main word govern(-s).


-ys

-ỹs m stress pattern 3 or 4 (canonical)
-iaĩ (plural)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-jás; which gave Latvian -is, Old Prussian -is, Proto-Slavic *-jь. When unstressed, the same ending produced -ias; see for more.

avilỹs (“beehive”); compare Latvian aũlis, Old Prussian aulis, Proto-Slavic *ulьjь

ežỹs (“hedgehog”); compare Latvian ezis, Proto-Slavic *ežь

masculine nominative singular ending for i̯ó-stem nouns.


-ys

lt-suffix

-ỹs m (plural -iaĩ, feminine -ė̃) stress pattern 3

-ỹs (canonical masculine stress-pattern-3)
-iaĩ (plural)
-ė̃ (feminine)
-ỹs (nominative singular)
-iaĩ (nominative plural)
-io (genitive singular)
-ių̃ (genitive plural)
-iui (dative singular)
-iáms (dative plural)
-į (accusative singular)
-ius (accusative plural)
-iu (instrumental singular)
-iaĩs (instrumental plural)
-yjè (locative singular)
-iuosè (locative plural)
-ỹ (singular vocative)
-iaĩ (plural vocative)

dárbas (“work”) + dúoti (“give”) → darbdavỹs (“employer”)

galvà (“head”) + žudýti (“kill”) → galvažudỹs (“hitman, assassin”)

agentive nominalizing suffix, typically applied to verbal roots in compounds

árklas (“plough”) → arklỹs (“horse”)

gaidà (“melody”) → gaidỹs (“cockerel”)

produces masculine animates from some nominal stems


-ias

-ias (nominative singular)
-iai (nominative plural)
-io (genitive singular)
-ių (genitive plural)
-iui (dative singular)
-iams (dative plural)
-ią (accusative singular)
-ius (accusative plural)
-iu (instrumental singular)
-iais (instrumental plural)
-yje (locative singular)
-iuose (locative plural)
-iau (singular vocative)
-iai (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-jas; which also gave Latvian -̧s, -̧š – compare žálias : zaļš (“green”); tùsčias : tukšs (“empty”). Also related is the Proto-Slavic masculine *-ь. Ultimately, a thematised variant of i-stems (see -is), either of Proto-Indo-European age (cf. *-yós), or of more recent formation. Under stress, *-iós gave Lithuanian -ỹs; see for more.

(nouns) élnias, kélias, mẽdžias, svẽčias, vélnias

(adjectives): bẽrgždžias, kùrčias, pė́ščias, šviẽžias, trẽčias, tùsčias, žálias

Masculine nominative singular ending for i̯o-stem nouns and adjectives.


-iškas

head

-iškas m (feminine -iška, neuter -iška, adverbial -iškai)

-iška (feminine)
-iška (neuter)
-iškai (adverbial)
-iška (neuter positive)
-iškas (masculine nominative singular)
-iški (masculine nominative plural positive)
-iška (feminine nominative positive singular)
-iškos (feminine nominative plural positive)
-iško (genitive masculine singular)
-iškų (genitive masculine plural positive)
-iškos (feminine genitive positive singular)
-iškų (feminine genitive plural positive)
-iškam (dative masculine singular)
-iškiems (dative masculine plural positive)
-iškai (dative feminine positive singular)
-iškoms (dative feminine plural positive)
-išką (accusative masculine singular)
-iškus (accusative masculine plural positive)
-išką (accusative feminine positive singular)
-iškas (accusative feminine plural positive)
-išku (instrumental masculine singular)
-iškais (instrumental masculine plural positive)
-iška (feminine instrumental positive singular)
-iškomis (feminine instrumental plural positive)
-iškame (locative masculine singular)
-iškuose (locative masculine plural positive)
-iškoje (feminine locative positive singular)
-iškose (feminine locative plural positive)
-iškas (masculine singular vocative)
-iški (masculine plural positive vocative)
-iška (feminine positive singular vocative)
-iškos (feminine plural positive vocative)
-iškiaũ (comparative feminine neuter)
-iškèsnis (masculine nominative singular)
-iškesnì (comparative masculine nominative plural)
-iškèsnė (comparative feminine nominative singular)
-iškèsnės (comparative feminine nominative plural)
-iškèsnio (genitive masculine singular)
-iškesnių̃ (comparative genitive masculine plural)
-iškesnė̃s (comparative feminine genitive singular)
-iškesnių̃ (comparative feminine genitive plural)
-iškesniám (dative masculine singular)
-iškesníems (comparative dative masculine plural)
-iškèsnei (comparative dative feminine singular)
-iškesnė̃ms (comparative dative feminine plural)
-iškèsnį (accusative masculine singular)
-iškesniùs (accusative comparative masculine plural)
-iškèsnę (accusative comparative feminine singular)
-iškesnès (accusative comparative feminine plural)
-iškesniù (instrumental masculine singular)
-iškesniaĩs (comparative instrumental masculine plural)
-iškesnè (comparative feminine instrumental singular)
-iškesnėmìs (comparative feminine instrumental plural)
-iškesniamè (locative masculine singular)
-iškesniuosè (comparative locative masculine plural)
-iškèsnėje (comparative feminine locative singular)
-iškesnėsè (comparative feminine locative plural)
-iškiáusia (feminine neuter superlative)
-iškiáusias (masculine nominative singular)
-iškiáusi (masculine nominative plural superlative)
-iškiáusia (nominative singular superlative)
-iškiáusios (feminine nominative plural superlative)
-iškiáusio (genitive masculine singular)
-iškiáusių (genitive masculine plural superlative)
-iškiáusios (genitive singular superlative)
-iškiáusių (feminine genitive plural superlative)
-iškiáusiam (dative masculine singular)
-iškiáusiems (dative masculine plural superlative)
-iškiáusiai (dative singular superlative)
-iškiáusioms (dative feminine plural superlative)
-iškiáusią (accusative masculine singular)
-iškiáusius (accusative masculine plural superlative)
-iškiáusią (accusative singular superlative)
-iškiáusias (accusative feminine plural superlative)
-iškiáusiu (instrumental masculine singular)
-iškiáusiais (instrumental masculine plural superlative)
-iškiáusia (instrumental singular superlative)
-iškiáusiomis (feminine instrumental plural superlative)
-iškiáusiame (locative masculine singular)
-iškiáusiuose (locative masculine plural superlative)
-iškiáusioje (locative singular superlative)
-iškiáusiose (feminine locative plural superlative)
-iškàsis (masculine nominative positive singular)
-iškíeji (masculine nominative plural positive)
-iškóji (feminine nominative positive singular)
-iškosios (feminine nominative plural positive)
-iškojo (genitive masculine positive singular)
-iškų̃jų (genitive masculine plural positive)
-iškõsios (feminine genitive positive singular)
-iškų̃jų (feminine genitive plural positive)
-iškájam (dative masculine positive singular)
-iškíesiems (dative masculine plural positive)
-iškajai (dative feminine positive singular)
-iškósioms (dative feminine plural positive)
-iškąjį (accusative masculine positive singular)
-iškúosius (accusative masculine plural positive)
-iškąją (accusative feminine positive singular)
-išką́sias (accusative feminine plural positive)
-iškúoju (instrumental masculine positive singular)
-iškaĩsiais (instrumental masculine plural positive)
-išką́ja (feminine instrumental positive singular)
-iškõsiomis (feminine instrumental plural positive)
-iškãjame (locative masculine positive singular)
-iškuõsiuose (locative masculine plural positive)
-iškõjoje (feminine locative positive singular)
-iškõsiose (feminine locative plural positive)
-iškàsis (masculine positive singular vocative)
-iškíeji (masculine plural positive vocative)
-iškóji (feminine positive singular vocative)
-iškosios (feminine plural positive vocative)
-iškesnỹsis (comparative masculine nominative singular)
-iškesníeji (comparative masculine nominative plural)
-iškesnióji (comparative feminine nominative singular)
-iškèsniosios (comparative feminine nominative plural)
-iškèsniojo (comparative genitive masculine singular)
-iškesnių̃jų (comparative genitive masculine plural)
-iškesniõsios (comparative feminine genitive singular)
-iškesnių̃jų (comparative feminine genitive plural)
-iškesniájam (comparative dative masculine singular)
-iškesníesiems (comparative dative masculine plural)
-iškèsniajai (comparative dative feminine singular)
-iškesniósioms (comparative dative feminine plural)
-iškèsnįjį (accusative comparative masculine singular)
-iškesniúosius (accusative comparative masculine plural)
-iškèsniąją (accusative comparative feminine singular)
-iškesnią́sias (accusative comparative feminine plural)
-iškesniúoju (comparative instrumental masculine singular)
-iškesniaĩsiais (comparative instrumental masculine plural)
-iškesnią́ja (comparative feminine instrumental singular)
-iškesniõsiomis (comparative feminine instrumental plural)
-iškesniãjame (comparative locative masculine singular)
-iškesniuõsiuose (comparative locative masculine plural)
-iškesniõjoje (comparative feminine locative singular)
-iškesniõsiose (comparative feminine locative plural)
-iškiáusiasis (masculine nominative singular superlative)
-iškiáusieji (masculine nominative plural superlative)
-iškiáusioji (nominative singular superlative)
-iškiáusiosios (feminine nominative plural superlative)
-iškiáusiojo (genitive masculine singular superlative)
-iškiáusiųjų (genitive masculine plural superlative)
-iškiáusiosios (genitive singular superlative)
-iškiáusiųjų (feminine genitive plural superlative)
-iškiáusiajam (dative masculine singular superlative)
-iškiáusiesiems (dative masculine plural superlative)
-iškiáusiajai (dative singular superlative)
-iškiáusiosioms (dative feminine plural superlative)
-iškiáusiąjį (accusative masculine singular superlative)
-iškiáusiuosius (accusative masculine plural superlative)
-iškiáusiąją (accusative singular superlative)
-iškiáusiąsias (accusative feminine plural superlative)
-iškiáusiuoju (instrumental masculine singular superlative)
-iškiáusiaisiais (instrumental masculine plural superlative)
-iškiáusiąja (instrumental singular superlative)
-iškiáusiosiomis (feminine instrumental plural superlative)
-iškiáusiajame (locative masculine singular superlative)
-iškiáusiuosiuose (locative masculine plural superlative)
-iškiáusiojoje (locative singular superlative)
-iškiáusiosiose (feminine locative plural superlative)

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos; cognate with Latvian -isks, Samogitian -ėšks, and also with Proto-Slavic *-ьskъ and Proto-Germanic *-iskaz (English -ish, German -isch, Swedish -isk, etc.).

A suffix that generally forms adjectives from nouns: -ish, -ic, -like, -ly


-ojas

-ojai (plural)
-oja (feminine)
-ojas (nominative singular)
-ojai (nominative plural)
-ojo (genitive singular)
-ojų (genitive plural)
-ojui (dative singular)
-ojams (dative plural)
-oją (accusative singular)
-ojus (accusative plural)
-oju (instrumental singular)
-ojais (instrumental plural)
-ojuje (locative singular)
-ojuose (locative plural)
-ojau (singular vocative)
-ojai (plural vocative)
-oja (nominative singular)
-ojos (nominative plural)
-ojos (genitive singular)
-ojų (genitive plural)
-ojai (dative singular)
-ojoms (dative plural)
-oją (accusative singular)
-ojas (accusative plural)
-oja (instrumental singular)
-ojomis (instrumental plural)
-ojoje (locative singular)
-ojose (locative plural)
-oja (singular vocative)
-ojos (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀjas. Cognate with Latvian -ājs, Proto-Slavic *-ajь.


-oja

-ojos (plural)
-ojas (masculine)
-oja (nominative singular)
-ojos (nominative plural)
-ojos (genitive singular)
-ojų (genitive plural)
-ojai (dative singular)
-ojoms (dative plural)
-oją (accusative singular)
-ojas (accusative plural)
-oja (instrumental singular)
-ojomis (instrumental plural)
-ojoje (locative singular)
-ojose (locative plural)
-oja (singular vocative)
-ojos (plural vocative)


-ėjas

-ėjai (plural)
-ėja (feminine)
-ėjas (nominative singular)
-ėjai (nominative plural)
-ėjo (genitive singular)
-ėjų (genitive plural)
-ėjui (dative singular)
-ėjams (dative plural)
-ėją (accusative singular)
-ėjus (accusative plural)
-ėju (instrumental singular)
-ėjais (instrumental plural)
-ėjuje (locative singular)
-ėjuose (locative plural)
-ėjau (singular vocative)
-ėjai (plural vocative)
-ėja (nominative singular)
-ėjos (nominative plural)
-ėjos (genitive singular)
-ėjų (genitive plural)
-ėjai (dative singular)
-ėjoms (dative plural)
-ėją (accusative singular)
-ėjas (accusative plural)
-ėja (instrumental singular)
-ėjomis (instrumental plural)
-ėjoje (locative singular)
-ėjose (locative plural)
-ėja (singular vocative)
-ėjos (plural vocative)


-izmas

-izmas (nominative)
-izmo (genitive)
-izmui (dative)
-izmą (accusative)
-izmu (instrumental)
-izme (locative)
-izme (vocative)


-cija

-cijos (plural)
-cija (nominative singular)
-cijos (nominative plural)
-cijos (genitive singular)
-cijų (genitive plural)
-cijai (dative singular)
-cijoms (dative plural)
-ciją (accusative singular)
-cijas (accusative plural)
-cija (instrumental singular)
-cijomis (instrumental plural)
-cijoje (locative singular)
-cijose (locative plural)
-cija (singular vocative)
-cijos (plural vocative)


-ada

See kadà (“when”). The -da is reminiscent of the Proto-Slavic particle *-de, as seen in *kъde.

kas (“what”) + -ada → kada (“when”)

tas (“that”) + -ada → tada (“then”)

visas (“all”) + -ada → visada (“always”)

kitas (“other”) + -ada → kitados (“sometime”)

niekas (“nothing”) + -ada → niekada (“never”)


-umas

-ùmas (canonical masculine stress-pattern-2)
-ùmai (plural)
-ùmas (nominative singular)
-ùmai (nominative plural)
-ùmo (genitive singular)
-ùmų (genitive plural)
-ùmui (dative singular)
-ùmams (dative plural)
-ùmą (accusative singular)
-umùs (accusative plural)
-umù (instrumental singular)
-ùmais (instrumental plural)
-umè (locative singular)
-ùmuose (locative plural)
-ùme (singular vocative)
-ùmai (plural vocative)

Added mostly to adjectives ending in -as and -us to form nouns indicating a state of being, similar to (and frequently corresponding to) -ness, -ence


-gu

Related to Old Church Slavonic гъ (gŭ, “comparative particle used in негъли (negŭli, “than”)”), of unclear further origin. Beekes derives the particle from Proto-Indo-European *gʰo ~ *gʰe (discourse particle).

cog

comparative particle used in <i class="Cyrs mention" lang="cu">негъли</i> (negŭli, “than”)

der

Tu-gu esi ansai, kursai turi ateiti?

(Old Lithuanian) particle emphasizing a question


-inis

-ìnis m or-inis (canonical masculine)
-ìnė (feminine)
-inė (feminine)
-ìnis (masculine nominative singular)
-ìniai (masculine nominative plural)
-ìnė (feminine nominative singular)
-ìnės (feminine nominative plural)
-ìnio (genitive masculine singular)
-ìnių (genitive masculine plural)
-ìnės (feminine genitive singular)
-ìnių (feminine genitive plural)
-ìniam (dative masculine singular)
-ìniams (dative masculine plural)
-ìnei (dative feminine singular)
-ìnėms (dative feminine plural)
-ìnį (accusative masculine singular)
-iniùs (accusative masculine plural)
-ìnę (accusative feminine singular)
-inès (accusative feminine plural)
-iniù (instrumental masculine singular)
-ìniais (instrumental masculine plural)
-inè (feminine instrumental singular)
-ìnėmis (feminine instrumental plural)
-ìniame (locative masculine singular)
-ìniuose (locative masculine plural)
-ìnėje (feminine locative singular)
-ìnėse (feminine locative plural)
-ìnis (masculine singular vocative)
-ìniai (masculine plural vocative)
-ìnė (feminine singular vocative)
-ìnės (feminine plural vocative)

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos. Cognate with Latvian -ains, Old Church Slavonic -ьнъ (-ĭnŭ). Compare -inas.

forms adjectives with the meaning "of", "made from" or "pertaining to" the original noun

forms adjectives with the meaning "similar to" the original noun


-inas

-inas (nominative singular)
-inaĩ (nominative plural)
-ino (genitive singular)
-inų̃ (genitive plural)
-inui (dative singular)
-ináms (dative plural)
-iną (accusative singular)
-inus (accusative plural)
-inu (instrumental singular)
-inaĩs (instrumental plural)
-inè (locative singular)
-inuosè (locative plural)
-ine (singular vocative)
-inaĩ (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *īˀnas, from Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos. Compare the suffixes Old Prussian -ins and Proto-Slavic *-ьnъ in the words awins (“ram”) and *ovьnъ (“ram”) respectively.

antis (“duck”) + -inas → antinas (“drake”)

produces masculine nouns from feminines, usually signifying a male animal


-inas

lt-suffix

-inas m (feminine -inà) stress pattern 3

-inà (feminine)
-ina (neuter positive)
-inas (masculine nominative singular)
-inì (masculine nominative plural positive)
-inà (feminine nominative positive singular)
-inos (feminine nominative plural positive)
-ino (genitive masculine singular)
-inų̃ (genitive masculine plural positive)
-inõs (feminine genitive positive singular)
-inų̃ (feminine genitive plural positive)
-inám (dative masculine singular)
-iníems (dative masculine plural positive)
-inai (dative feminine positive singular)
-inóms (dative feminine plural positive)
-iną (accusative masculine singular)
-inus (accusative masculine plural positive)
-iną (accusative feminine positive singular)
-inas (accusative feminine plural positive)
-inu (instrumental masculine singular)
-inaĩs (instrumental masculine plural positive)
-ina (feminine instrumental positive singular)
-inomìs (feminine instrumental plural positive)
-inamè (locative masculine singular)
-inuosè (locative masculine plural positive)
-inojè (feminine locative positive singular)
-inosè (feminine locative plural positive)
-inas (masculine singular vocative)
-inì (masculine plural positive vocative)
-inà (feminine positive singular vocative)
-inos (feminine plural positive vocative)
-iniaũ (comparative feminine neuter)
-inèsnis (masculine nominative singular)
-inesnì (comparative masculine nominative plural)
-inèsnė (comparative feminine nominative singular)
-inèsnės (comparative feminine nominative plural)
-inèsnio (genitive masculine singular)
-inesnių̃ (comparative genitive masculine plural)
-inesnė̃s (comparative feminine genitive singular)
-inesnių̃ (comparative feminine genitive plural)
-inesniám (dative masculine singular)
-inesníems (comparative dative masculine plural)
-inèsnei (comparative dative feminine singular)
-inesnė̃ms (comparative dative feminine plural)
-inèsnį (accusative masculine singular)
-inesniùs (accusative comparative masculine plural)
-inèsnę (accusative comparative feminine singular)
-inesnès (accusative comparative feminine plural)
-inesniù (instrumental masculine singular)
-inesniaĩs (comparative instrumental masculine plural)
-inesnè (comparative feminine instrumental singular)
-inesnėmìs (comparative feminine instrumental plural)
-inesniamè (locative masculine singular)
-inesniuosè (comparative locative masculine plural)
-inèsnėje (comparative feminine locative singular)
-inesnėsè (comparative feminine locative plural)
-iniáusia (feminine neuter superlative)
-iniáusias (masculine nominative singular)
-iniáusi (masculine nominative plural superlative)
-iniáusia (nominative singular superlative)
-iniáusios (feminine nominative plural superlative)
-iniáusio (genitive masculine singular)
-iniáusių (genitive masculine plural superlative)
-iniáusios (genitive singular superlative)
-iniáusių (feminine genitive plural superlative)
-iniáusiam (dative masculine singular)
-iniáusiems (dative masculine plural superlative)
-iniáusiai (dative singular superlative)
-iniáusioms (dative feminine plural superlative)
-iniáusią (accusative masculine singular)
-iniáusius (accusative masculine plural superlative)
-iniáusią (accusative singular superlative)
-iniáusias (accusative feminine plural superlative)
-iniáusiu (instrumental masculine singular)
-iniáusiais (instrumental masculine plural superlative)
-iniáusia (instrumental singular superlative)
-iniáusiomis (feminine instrumental plural superlative)
-iniáusiame (locative masculine singular)
-iniáusiuose (locative masculine plural superlative)
-iniáusioje (locative singular superlative)
-iniáusiose (feminine locative plural superlative)
-inàsis (masculine nominative positive singular)
-iníeji (masculine nominative plural positive)
-inóji (feminine nominative positive singular)
-inosios (feminine nominative plural positive)
-inojo (genitive masculine positive singular)
-inų̃jų (genitive masculine plural positive)
-inõsios (feminine genitive positive singular)
-inų̃jų (feminine genitive plural positive)
-inájam (dative masculine positive singular)
-iníesiems (dative masculine plural positive)
-inajai (dative feminine positive singular)
-inósioms (dative feminine plural positive)
-inąjį (accusative masculine positive singular)
-inúosius (accusative masculine plural positive)
-inąją (accusative feminine positive singular)
-iną́sias (accusative feminine plural positive)
-inúoju (instrumental masculine positive singular)
-inaĩsiais (instrumental masculine plural positive)
-iną́ja (feminine instrumental positive singular)
-inõsiomis (feminine instrumental plural positive)
-inãjame (locative masculine positive singular)
-inuõsiuose (locative masculine plural positive)
-inõjoje (feminine locative positive singular)
-inõsiose (feminine locative plural positive)
-inàsis (masculine positive singular vocative)
-iníeji (masculine plural positive vocative)
-inóji (feminine positive singular vocative)
-inosios (feminine plural positive vocative)
-inesnỹsis (comparative masculine nominative singular)
-inesníeji (comparative masculine nominative plural)
-inesnióji (comparative feminine nominative singular)
-inèsniosios (comparative feminine nominative plural)
-inèsniojo (comparative genitive masculine singular)
-inesnių̃jų (comparative genitive masculine plural)
-inesniõsios (comparative feminine genitive singular)
-inesnių̃jų (comparative feminine genitive plural)
-inesniájam (comparative dative masculine singular)
-inesníesiems (comparative dative masculine plural)
-inèsniajai (comparative dative feminine singular)
-inesniósioms (comparative dative feminine plural)
-inèsnįjį (accusative comparative masculine singular)
-inesniúosius (accusative comparative masculine plural)
-inèsniąją (accusative comparative feminine singular)
-inesnią́sias (accusative comparative feminine plural)
-inesniúoju (comparative instrumental masculine singular)
-inesniaĩsiais (comparative instrumental masculine plural)
-inesnią́ja (comparative feminine instrumental singular)
-inesniõsiomis (comparative feminine instrumental plural)
-inesniãjame (comparative locative masculine singular)
-inesniuõsiuose (comparative locative masculine plural)
-inesniõjoje (comparative feminine locative singular)
-inesniõsiose (comparative feminine locative plural)
-iniáusiasis (masculine nominative singular superlative)
-iniáusieji (masculine nominative plural superlative)
-iniáusioji (nominative singular superlative)
-iniáusiosios (feminine nominative plural superlative)
-iniáusiojo (genitive masculine singular superlative)
-iniáusiųjų (genitive masculine plural superlative)
-iniáusiosios (genitive singular superlative)
-iniáusiųjų (feminine genitive plural superlative)
-iniáusiajam (dative masculine singular superlative)
-iniáusiesiems (dative masculine plural superlative)
-iniáusiajai (dative singular superlative)
-iniáusiosioms (dative feminine plural superlative)
-iniáusiąjį (accusative masculine singular superlative)
-iniáusiuosius (accusative masculine plural superlative)
-iniáusiąją (accusative singular superlative)
-iniáusiąsias (accusative feminine plural superlative)
-iniáusiuoju (instrumental masculine singular superlative)
-iniáusiaisiais (instrumental masculine plural superlative)
-iniáusiąja (instrumental singular superlative)
-iniáusiosiomis (feminine instrumental plural superlative)
-iniáusiajame (locative masculine singular superlative)
-iniáusiuosiuose (locative masculine plural superlative)
-iniáusiojoje (locative singular superlative)
-iniáusiosiose (feminine locative plural superlative)

Presumably related to -inis. See for more.

forms adjectives from nouns with the meaning "characterised by" or "abundant with" the root word


-elė

-ẽlė f (masculine -ẽlis) stress pattern 2

-ẽlė (canonical feminine stress-pattern-2)
-ẽlis (masculine)
-ẽlė (nominative singular)
-ẽlės (nominative plural)
-ẽlės (genitive singular)
-ẽlių (genitive plural)
-ẽlei (dative singular)
-ẽlėms (dative plural)
-ẽlę (accusative singular)
-elès (accusative plural)
-elè (instrumental singular)
-ẽlėmis (instrumental plural)
-ẽlėje (locative singular)
-ẽlėse (locative plural)
-ẽle (singular vocative)
-ẽlės (plural vocative)

L-diminutives in other Indo-European languages include Proto-Germanic *-ilaz and Latin -lus.


-idė

-ìdė (canonical feminine stress-pattern-2)
-ìdė (nominative singular)
-ìdės (nominative plural)
-ìdės (genitive singular)
-ìdžių (genitive plural)
-ìdei (dative singular)
-ìdėms (dative plural)
-ìdę (accusative singular)
-idès (accusative plural)
-idè (instrumental singular)
-ìdėmis (instrumental plural)
-ìdėje (locative singular)
-ìdėse (locative plural)
-ìde (singular vocative)
-ìdės (plural vocative)

Ambrazas links this suffix to dėti (“put”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-.

arklys (“horse”) + -idė → arklidė (“stable”)

forms nouns with the meaning "place to put something" (normally animals)


-ynas

-ýnas m (feminine -ýna) stress pattern 1

-ýna s (canonical masculine stress-pattern-1)
-ýna (feminine)
-ýnas (nominative singular)
-ýnai (nominative plural)
-ýno (genitive singular)
-ýnų (genitive plural)
-ýnui (dative singular)
-ýnams (dative plural)
-ýną (accusative singular)
-ýnus (accusative plural)
-ýnu (instrumental singular)
-ýnais (instrumental plural)
-ýne (locative singular)
-ýnuose (locative plural)
-ýne (singular vocative)
-ýnai (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-īˀnas, from Proto-Indo-European *-iHneh₂ and *-eyneh₂.

forms nouns with the meaning "collection of" or "area abounding in" the original noun


-iukas

-ùkas (canonical masculine stress-pattern-2)
-ùkai (plural)
-iùkas (nominative singular)
-iùkai (nominative plural)
-iùko (genitive singular)
-iùkų (genitive plural)
-iùkui (dative singular)
-iùkams (dative plural)
-iùką (accusative singular)
-iukùs (accusative plural)
-iukù (instrumental singular)
-iùkais (instrumental plural)
-iukè (locative singular)
-iùkuose (locative plural)
-iùke (singular vocative)
-iùk (singular vocative)
-iùkai (plural vocative)

Palatalised variant of -ùkas, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ukas, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos; compare Latvian -uks, Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ. Compare Proto-Germanic *-ukaz > English -ock (hillock, bullock).

(productive) forms diminutives, usually from masculine nouns.

(productive) forms nouns referring to an animal's young


-klas

-klai (plural)
-klė (feminine)
-klas (nominative singular)
-klai (nominative plural)
-klo (genitive singular)
-klų (genitive plural)
-klui (dative singular)
-klams (dative plural)
-klą (accusative singular)
-klus (accusative plural)
-klu (instrumental singular)
-klais (instrumental plural)
-kle (locative singular)
-kluose (locative plural)
-kle (singular vocative)
-klai (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-tlo. Compare Latvian -kls, -kla, Old Prussian -clo, Proto-Slavic *-dlo. From *-tlom, -dʰlom (agentive suffix). The Balto-Slavic reconstruction of -tl- is preferable to -dl-, whereby the unusual consonant cluster would have undergone assimilation in Slavic and dissimilation in Baltic. Compare the related Proto-Slavic *-teľь.

dùrti (“stab”) → dùrklas (“dagger”)

pjáuti (“reap, cut”) → pjū́klas (“saw”)

an old agentive suffix, normally applied to unsuffixed verbs


-ų

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-um; compare Latvian -u, Old Prussian -an -un, Proto-Slavic *-ъ, exemplifying a Balto-Slavic shortening and raising of Proto-Indo-European *-ōm; compare Sanskrit -आम् (-ām), Ancient Greek -ων (-ōn), Old Norse -a. According to Eugen Hill, this shortening was regular before final *-N in Balto-Slavic (compare feminine accusative singular -ą); whereas *o was raised to *u in stressed final syllables. Compare -ù (“instrumental singular ending”); see -ùs for more.

Used to form genitive plurals of masculine and feminine nouns and adjectives.


-jas

-jas (nominative singular)
-jai (nominative plural)
-jo (genitive singular)
-jų (genitive plural)
-jui (dative singular)
-jams (dative plural)
-ją (accusative singular)
-jus (accusative plural)
-ju (instrumental singular)
-jais (instrumental plural)
-juje (locative singular)
-juose (locative plural)
-jau (singular vocative)
-jai (plural vocative)
-ja (neuter positive)
-jas (masculine nominative singular)
-ji (masculine nominative plural positive)
-ja (feminine nominative positive singular)
-jos (feminine nominative plural positive)
-jo (genitive masculine singular)
-jų (genitive masculine plural positive)
-jos (feminine genitive positive singular)
-jų (feminine genitive plural positive)
-jam (dative masculine singular)
-jiems (dative masculine plural positive)
-jai (dative feminine positive singular)
-joms (dative feminine plural positive)
-ją (accusative masculine singular)
-jus (accusative masculine plural positive)
-ją (accusative feminine positive singular)
-jas (accusative feminine plural positive)
-ju (instrumental masculine singular)
-jais (instrumental masculine plural positive)
-ja (feminine instrumental positive singular)
-jomis (feminine instrumental plural positive)
-jame (locative masculine singular)
-juose (locative masculine plural positive)
-joje (feminine locative positive singular)
-jose (feminine locative plural positive)
-jas (masculine singular vocative)
-ji (masculine plural positive vocative)
-ja (feminine positive singular vocative)
-jos (feminine plural positive vocative)
-jaũ (comparative feminine neuter)
-jèsnis (masculine nominative singular)
-jesnì (comparative masculine nominative plural)
-jèsnė (comparative feminine nominative singular)
-jèsnės (comparative feminine nominative plural)
-jèsnio (genitive masculine singular)
-jesnių̃ (comparative genitive masculine plural)
-jesnė̃s (comparative feminine genitive singular)
-jesnių̃ (comparative feminine genitive plural)
-jesniám (dative masculine singular)
-jesníems (comparative dative masculine plural)
-jèsnei (comparative dative feminine singular)
-jesnė̃ms (comparative dative feminine plural)
-jèsnį (accusative masculine singular)
-jesniùs (accusative comparative masculine plural)
-jèsnę (accusative comparative feminine singular)
-jesnès (accusative comparative feminine plural)
-jesniù (instrumental masculine singular)
-jesniaĩs (comparative instrumental masculine plural)
-jesnè (comparative feminine instrumental singular)
-jesnėmìs (comparative feminine instrumental plural)
-jesniamè (locative masculine singular)
-jesniuosè (comparative locative masculine plural)
-jèsnėje (comparative feminine locative singular)
-jesnėsè (comparative feminine locative plural)
-jáusia (feminine neuter superlative)
-jáusias (masculine nominative singular)
-jáusi (masculine nominative plural superlative)
-jáusia (nominative singular superlative)
-jáusios (feminine nominative plural superlative)
-jáusio (genitive masculine singular)
-jáusių (genitive masculine plural superlative)
-jáusios (genitive singular superlative)
-jáusių (feminine genitive plural superlative)
-jáusiam (dative masculine singular)
-jáusiems (dative masculine plural superlative)
-jáusiai (dative singular superlative)
-jáusioms (dative feminine plural superlative)
-jáusią (accusative masculine singular)
-jáusius (accusative masculine plural superlative)
-jáusią (accusative singular superlative)
-jáusias (accusative feminine plural superlative)
-jáusiu (instrumental masculine singular)
-jáusiais (instrumental masculine plural superlative)
-jáusia (instrumental singular superlative)
-jáusiomis (feminine instrumental plural superlative)
-jáusiame (locative masculine singular)
-jáusiuose (locative masculine plural superlative)
-jáusioje (locative singular superlative)
-jáusiose (feminine locative plural superlative)
-jàsis (masculine nominative positive singular)
-jíeji (masculine nominative plural positive)
-jóji (feminine nominative positive singular)
-josios (feminine nominative plural positive)
-jojo (genitive masculine positive singular)
-jų̃jų (genitive masculine plural positive)
-jõsios (feminine genitive positive singular)
-jų̃jų (feminine genitive plural positive)
-jájam (dative masculine positive singular)
-jíesiems (dative masculine plural positive)
-jajai (dative feminine positive singular)
-jósioms (dative feminine plural positive)
-jąjį (accusative masculine positive singular)
-júosius (accusative masculine plural positive)
-jąją (accusative feminine positive singular)
-ją́sias (accusative feminine plural positive)
-júoju (instrumental masculine positive singular)
-jaĩsiais (instrumental masculine plural positive)
-ją́ja (feminine instrumental positive singular)
-jõsiomis (feminine instrumental plural positive)
-jãjame (locative masculine positive singular)
-juõsiuose (locative masculine plural positive)
-jõjoje (feminine locative positive singular)
-jõsiose (feminine locative plural positive)
-jàsis (masculine positive singular vocative)
-jíeji (masculine plural positive vocative)
-jóji (feminine positive singular vocative)
-josios (feminine plural positive vocative)
-jesnỹsis (comparative masculine nominative singular)
-jesníeji (comparative masculine nominative plural)
-jesnióji (comparative feminine nominative singular)
-jèsniosios (comparative feminine nominative plural)
-jèsniojo (comparative genitive masculine singular)
-jesnių̃jų (comparative genitive masculine plural)
-jesniõsios (comparative feminine genitive singular)
-jesnių̃jų (comparative feminine genitive plural)
-jesniájam (comparative dative masculine singular)
-jesníesiems (comparative dative masculine plural)
-jèsniajai (comparative dative feminine singular)
-jesniósioms (comparative dative feminine plural)
-jèsnįjį (accusative comparative masculine singular)
-jesniúosius (accusative comparative masculine plural)
-jèsniąją (accusative comparative feminine singular)
-jesnią́sias (accusative comparative feminine plural)
-jesniúoju (comparative instrumental masculine singular)
-jesniaĩsiais (comparative instrumental masculine plural)
-jesnią́ja (comparative feminine instrumental singular)
-jesniõsiomis (comparative feminine instrumental plural)
-jesniãjame (comparative locative masculine singular)
-jesniuõsiuose (comparative locative masculine plural)
-jesniõjoje (comparative feminine locative singular)
-jesniõsiose (comparative feminine locative plural)
-jáusiasis (masculine nominative singular superlative)
-jáusieji (masculine nominative plural superlative)
-jáusioji (nominative singular superlative)
-jáusiosios (feminine nominative plural superlative)
-jáusiojo (genitive masculine singular superlative)
-jáusiųjų (genitive masculine plural superlative)
-jáusiosios (genitive singular superlative)
-jáusiųjų (feminine genitive plural superlative)
-jáusiajam (dative masculine singular superlative)
-jáusiesiems (dative masculine plural superlative)
-jáusiajai (dative singular superlative)
-jáusiosioms (dative feminine plural superlative)
-jáusiąjį (accusative masculine singular superlative)
-jáusiuosius (accusative masculine plural superlative)
-jáusiąją (accusative singular superlative)
-jáusiąsias (accusative feminine plural superlative)
-jáusiuoju (instrumental masculine singular superlative)
-jáusiaisiais (instrumental masculine plural superlative)
-jáusiąja (instrumental singular superlative)
-jáusiosiomis (feminine instrumental plural superlative)
-jáusiajame (locative masculine singular superlative)
-jáusiuosiuose (locative masculine plural superlative)
-jáusiojoje (locative singular superlative)
-jáusiosiose (feminine locative plural superlative)


-op

From an earlier *opi. Related to Latvian -up, -p. Formed from the genitive singular -õ + a particle -pi. Compare the old adessive ending -íep.

gãlas (“end”) → galóp (“towards the end”)

pavãsaris (“spring”) → pavasarióp (“towards spring”)

vélnias (“devil”) → velnióp (“to hell”)

added to nouns to give allative meaning, i.e. "in the direction of", "towards", "to"


-muo

-muõ (canonical stress-pattern-3)
-muõ (nominative singular)
-menys (nominative plural)
-meñs (genitive singular)
-menų̃ (genitive plural)
-meniui (dative singular)
-menìms (dative plural)
-menį (accusative singular)
-menis (accusative plural)
-meniu (instrumental singular)
-menimìs (instrumental plural)
-menyjè (locative singular)
-menysè (locative plural)
-meniẽ (singular vocative)
-menys (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-mō, *-men-; compare Latvian -mens, Old Prussian -men, Proto-Slavic *-mę. From Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥, *-men-, a neuter nominalising suffix. Cognates include Latin -men, Ancient Greek -μᾰ (-mă), Old Armenian -ումն (-umn).

dė́ti (“put”) → dėmuõ (“component”)

kéisti (“change”) → kaitmuõ (“inflection”)

matúoti (“measure”) → matmuõ (“dimension”)

vaidìnti (“act”) → vaidmuõ (“role, part”)

(largely unproductive) Forms singularizing nouns from verbs.


-imas

-imai (plural)
-imas (nominative singular)
-imai (nominative plural)
-imo (genitive singular)
-imų (genitive plural)
-imui (dative singular)
-imams (dative plural)
-imą (accusative singular)
-imus (accusative plural)
-imu (instrumental singular)
-imais (instrumental plural)
-ime (locative singular)
-imuose (locative plural)
-ime (singular vocative)
-imai (plural vocative)

laukti (“to wait”) + -imas → laukimas (“wait”)

tarti (“to pronounce; to articulate”) + -imas → tarimas (“pronunciation; articulation”)

užtemti + -imas → užtemimas (“eclipse”)

šlapintis (“to urinate”) + -imas → šlapimas (“urine”)

Forms a noun from (the past tense form of) a verb

jaunas (“young”) + -imas → jaunimas (“young people”)


-ybė

-ybė (nominative singular)
-ybės (nominative plural)
-ybės (genitive singular)
-ybių (genitive plural)
-ybei (dative singular)
-ybėms (dative plural)
-ybę (accusative singular)
-ybes (accusative plural)
-ybe (instrumental singular)
-ybėmis (instrumental plural)
-ybėje (locative singular)
-ybėse (locative plural)
-ybe (singular vocative)
-ybės (plural vocative)

Related to Lithuanian -yba, Latvian -ība.


-ingas

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-kas, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos. Cognate with Latvian -īgs.

ugnis (“fire”) + -ingas → ugningas (“fiery”)

Added to nouns or verbs to derive adjectives with the meaning 'typical of' or 'characterized by' the original noun: like English -ic, -ical, -y


-utis

-učiai (plural)
-utė (feminine)
-utis (nominative singular)
-učiai (nominative plural)
-učio (genitive singular)
-učių (genitive plural)
-učiui (dative singular)
-učiams (dative plural)
-utį (accusative singular)
-učius (accusative plural)
-učiu (instrumental singular)
-učiais (instrumental plural)
-utyje (locative singular)
-učiuose (locative plural)
-uti (singular vocative)
-učiai (plural vocative)


-utė

-utės (plural)
-utis (masculine)
-utė (nominative singular)
-utės (nominative plural)
-utės (genitive singular)
-učių (genitive plural)
-utei (dative singular)
-utėms (dative plural)
-utę (accusative singular)
-utes (accusative plural)
-ute (instrumental singular)
-utėmis (instrumental plural)
-utėje (locative singular)
-utėse (locative plural)
-ute (singular vocative)
-utės (plural vocative)

dėžė (“box”) + -utė = dėžutė

feminine of -utis (forms diminutives, usually from feminine nouns)

-utis

suirti (“to fall apart”) + -utė = suirutė (“social chaos”)

(non-productive, rare) forms abstract nouns from verbs


-uvas

-uvas (nominative singular)
-uvai (nominative plural)
-uvo (genitive singular)
-uvų (genitive plural)
-uvui (dative singular)
-uvams (dative plural)
-uvą (accusative singular)
-uvus (accusative plural)
-uvu (instrumental singular)
-uvais (instrumental plural)
-uve (locative singular)
-uvuose (locative plural)
-uve (singular vocative)
-uvai (plural vocative)

žadinti (“to wake up”) + -uvas → žadintuvas (“alarm clock”)

Used to derive names of tools and devices.


-aip

For kaĩp, taĩp, previous attested forms were Old Lithuanian kaipo, taipo. The stems are easy to explain (kaĩ, taĩ, etc.)
* One hypothesis to explain -po is that it is cognate to Latin -pe, as in Latin quippe.
* Another hypothesis is that -po originates from the preposition põ. Compare kodė̃l, which is suffixed by a preposition that normally precedes its complement.

kitas (“another”) + -aip → kitaip (“in another way”)

Forms adverbs, with the meaning "in [such] way", from pronominal stems.


-uomenė

-úomenė f (plural -úomenės) stress pattern 1

-úomenė (canonical feminine stress-pattern-1)
-úomenės (plural)
-úomenė (nominative singular)
-úomenės (nominative plural)
-úomenės (genitive singular)
-úomenių (genitive plural)
-úomenei (dative singular)
-úomenėms (dative plural)
-úomenę (accusative singular)
-úomenes (accusative plural)
-úomene (instrumental singular)
-úomenėmis (instrumental plural)
-úomenėje (locative singular)
-úomenėse (locative plural)
-úomene (singular vocative)
-úomenės (plural vocative)

karys (“soldier”) + -uomenė → kariuomenė (“army”)


-onė

-õnė (canonical feminine stress-pattern-2)
-õnės (plural)
-õnė (nominative singular)
-õnės (nominative plural)
-õnės (genitive singular)
-õnių (genitive plural)
-õnei (dative singular)
-õnėms (dative plural)
-õnę (accusative singular)
-onès (accusative plural)
-onè (instrumental singular)
-õnėmis (instrumental plural)
-õnėje (locative singular)
-õnėse (locative plural)
-õne (singular vocative)
-õnės (plural vocative)

svajoti (“to dream, fantasize”) + -onė → svajonė (“daydream”)


-ykla

-yklà f (plural -ỹklos) stress pattern 2

-yklà (canonical feminine stress-pattern-2)
-ỹklos (plural)
-yklà (nominative singular)
-ỹklos (nominative plural)
-ỹklos (genitive singular)
-ỹklų (genitive plural)
-ỹklai (dative singular)
-ỹkloms (dative plural)
-ỹklą (accusative singular)
-yklàs (accusative plural)
-yklà (instrumental singular)
-ỹklomis (instrumental plural)
-ỹkloje (locative singular)
-ỹklose (locative plural)
-ỹkla (singular vocative)
-ỹklos (plural vocative)

kèpti (“to bake”) + -ykla → kepyklà (“bakery”)

Forms the name of a location or business, generally from a verb.


-tyra

-tyra f (plural -tyros) stress pattern 1

-tyros (plural)
-tyra (nominative singular)
-tyros (nominative plural)
-tyros (genitive singular)
-tyrų (genitive plural)
-tyrai (dative singular)
-tyroms (dative plural)
-tyrą (accusative singular)
-tyras (accusative plural)
-tyra (instrumental singular)
-tyromis (instrumental plural)
-tyroje (locative singular)
-tyrose (locative plural)
-tyra (singular vocative)
-tyros (plural vocative)

aplinka (“environment”) + -tyra → aplinkotyra (“environmental science”)

kraštas (“border, land”) + -tyra → kraštotyra (“local history”)

žemė (“land, Earth”) + -tyra → žemėtyra (“geology, geography”)

Forms the name of a field of inquiry.; -logy


-auti

head

-áuti (third-person present tense -áuja, third-person past tense -ãvo)

-áuti (canonical)
-áuja (present third-person)
-ãvo (past third-person)
-auju (indicative present singular)
-auji (indicative present second-person singular)
-auja (indicative present singular)
-aujame (indicative plural present)
-aujam (indicative plural present)
-aujate (indicative plural present second-person)
-aujat (indicative plural present second-person)
-auja (indicative plural present)
-avau (indicative past singular)
-avai (indicative past second-person singular)
-avo (indicative past singular)
-avome (indicative past plural)
-avom (indicative past plural)
-avote (indicative past plural second-person)
-avot (indicative past plural second-person)
-avo (indicative past plural)
-audavau (frequentative indicative past singular)
-audavai (frequentative indicative past second-person singular)
-audavo (frequentative indicative past singular)
-audavome (frequentative indicative past plural)
-audavom (frequentative indicative past plural)
-audavote (frequentative indicative past plural second-person)
-audavot (frequentative indicative past plural second-person)
-audavo (frequentative indicative past plural)
-ausiu (future indicative singular)
-ausi (future indicative second-person singular)
-aus (future indicative singular)
-ausime (future indicative plural)
-ausim (future indicative plural)
-ausite (future indicative plural second-person)
-ausit (future indicative plural second-person)
-aus (future indicative plural)
-aučiau (singular subjunctive)
-autum (second-person singular subjunctive)
-autumei (second-person singular subjunctive)
-autų (singular subjunctive)
-autumėme (plural subjunctive)
-autumėm (plural subjunctive)
-autume (plural subjunctive)
-autumėte (plural second-person subjunctive)
-autumėt (plural second-person subjunctive)
-autų (plural subjunctive)
-auk (imperative second-person singular)
-auki (imperative second-person singular)
te-auja (imperative singular)
te-aujie (imperative singular)
-aukime (imperative plural)
-aukim (imperative plural)
-aukite (imperative plural second-person)
-aukit (imperative plural second-person)
te-auja (imperative plural)
te-aujie (imperative plural)
-aująs (active adjectival participle present)
-aujantis (active adjectival participle present)
-aujamas (adjectival participle passive present)
-avęs (active adjectival participle past)
-autas (adjectival participle passive past)
-audavęs (active adjectival frequentative participle past)
-ausiąs (active adjectival future participle)
-ausiantis (active adjectival future participle)
-ausimas (adjectival future participle passive)
-autinas (adjectival necessitative participle passive)
-audamas (active adverbial participle special)
-aujant (active adverbial half-participle participle present)
-avus (active adverbial half-participle participle past)
-audavus (active adverbial frequentative half-participle participle past)
-ausiant (active adverbial future half-participle participle)
-aute (active adverbial adverbial-manner participle)
-autinai (active adverbial adverbial-manner participle)

Cognate with Old Prussian -aut, Proto-Slavic *-ovati. It has further been connected to the similar suffix -úoti, Latvian -uot, although the relationship is debated.

grybas (“mushroom”) + -auti → grybauti (“to pick mushrooms”)

pamokslas (“sermon”) + -auti → pamokslauti (“to sermonize, preach”)

vyras (“man male”) + -auti → vyrauti (“to dominate, prevail”)

Forms verbs from other parts of speech, especially in meaning "to act as (someone or something)".


-uoti

-úoti (third-person present tense -úoja, third-person past tense -ãvo)

-úoti (canonical)
-úoja (present third-person)
-ãvo (past third-person)
-uoju (indicative present singular)
-uoji (indicative present second-person singular)
-uoja (indicative present singular)
-uojame (indicative plural present)
-uojam (indicative plural present)
-uojate (indicative plural present second-person)
-uojat (indicative plural present second-person)
-uoja (indicative plural present)
-avau (indicative past singular)
-avai (indicative past second-person singular)
-avo (indicative past singular)
-avome (indicative past plural)
-avom (indicative past plural)
-avote (indicative past plural second-person)
-avot (indicative past plural second-person)
-avo (indicative past plural)
-uodavau (frequentative indicative past singular)
-uodavai (frequentative indicative past second-person singular)
-uodavo (frequentative indicative past singular)
-uodavome (frequentative indicative past plural)
-uodavom (frequentative indicative past plural)
-uodavote (frequentative indicative past plural second-person)
-uodavot (frequentative indicative past plural second-person)
-uodavo (frequentative indicative past plural)
-uosiu (future indicative singular)
-uosi (future indicative second-person singular)
-uos (future indicative singular)
-uosime (future indicative plural)
-uosim (future indicative plural)
-uosite (future indicative plural second-person)
-uosit (future indicative plural second-person)
-uos (future indicative plural)
-uočiau (singular subjunctive)
-uotum (second-person singular subjunctive)
-uotumei (second-person singular subjunctive)
-uotų (singular subjunctive)
-uotumėme (plural subjunctive)
-uotumėm (plural subjunctive)
-uotume (plural subjunctive)
-uotumėte (plural second-person subjunctive)
-uotumėt (plural second-person subjunctive)
-uotų (plural subjunctive)
-uok (imperative second-person singular)
-uoki (imperative second-person singular)
te-uoja (imperative singular)
te-uojie (imperative singular)
-uokime (imperative plural)
-uokim (imperative plural)
-uokite (imperative plural second-person)
-uokit (imperative plural second-person)
te-uoja (imperative plural)
te-uojie (imperative plural)
-uojąs (active adjectival participle present)
-uojantis (active adjectival participle present)
-uojamas (adjectival participle passive present)
-avęs (active adjectival participle past)
-uotas (adjectival participle passive past)
-uodavęs (active adjectival frequentative participle past)
-uosiąs (active adjectival future participle)
-uosiantis (active adjectival future participle)
-uosimas (adjectival future participle passive)
-uotinas (adjectival necessitative participle passive)
-uodamas (active adverbial participle special)
-uojant (active adverbial half-participle participle present)
-avus (active adverbial half-participle participle past)
-uodavus (active adverbial frequentative half-participle participle past)
-uosiant (active adverbial future half-participle participle)
-uote (active adverbial adverbial-manner participle)
-uotinai (active adverbial adverbial-manner participle)

Cognate with Latvian -uot. The suffix has also been compared to the similar -áuti, which is further related to Old Prussian -aut and Proto-Slavic *-ovati, but the plausibility of the "uo" sound change is debated.

skaičius (“number”) + -uoti → skaičiuoti (“to count”)

vairas (“steer”) + -uoti → vairuoti (“to steer”)

Forms verbs from other parts of speech, in the meaning of generally activity.


-inys

lt-suffix

-inỹs m (plural -iniaĩ) stress pattern 3

-inỹs (canonical masculine stress-pattern-3)
-iniaĩ (plural)
-inỹs (nominative singular)
-iniaĩ (nominative plural)
-inio (genitive singular)
-inių̃ (genitive plural)
-iniui (dative singular)
-iniáms (dative plural)
-inį (accusative singular)
-inius (accusative plural)
-iniu (instrumental singular)
-iniaĩs (instrumental plural)
-inyjè (locative singular)
-iniuosè (locative plural)
-inỹ (singular vocative)
-iniaĩ (plural vocative)

kepti (“to bake”) + -inys → kepinys (“baked good”)

gaminti (“to produce”) + -inys → gaminys (“product”)

brėžti (“to draw, scratch”) + -inys → brėžinys (“drawing, sketch”)


-lika

From lìkti (“to stay, be left”), denoting how many are left over after counting to 10. For a semantic parallel (albeit from a different Indo-European root), compare Proto-Germanic *-lif.


-ininkas

-ininkė (feminine)
-ininkas (nominative singular)
-ininkai (nominative plural)
-ininko (genitive singular)
-ininkų (genitive plural)
-ininkui (dative singular)
-ininkams (dative plural)
-ininką (accusative singular)
-ininkus (accusative plural)
-ininku (instrumental singular)
-ininkais (instrumental plural)
-ininke (locative singular)
-ininkuose (locative plural)
-ininke (singular vocative)
-ininkai (plural vocative)

[-ʲɪnʲɪŋkɐs]

grỹbas (“mushroom”) + -ininkas → grỹbininkas (“mushroomer”)

ver̃slas (“business”) + -ininkas → ver̃slininkas (“businessman”)

šeimà (“family”) + -ininkas → šeiminiñkas (“head of household”)

a suffix appended to words to create an agent noun, indicating a person's profession or identity


-ines

accusative plural feminine of -inis (“of + noun”)


-ines

accusative plural feminine of -ìnis (“of + noun”)


-ėlė

-ė̃lė f (plural -ė̃lės) stress pattern 2

-ė̃lė (canonical feminine stress-pattern-2)
-ė̃lės (plural)
-ė̃lė (nominative singular)
-ė̃lės (nominative plural)
-ė̃lės (genitive singular)
-ė̃lių (genitive plural)
-ė̃lei (dative singular)
-ė̃lėms (dative plural)
-ė̃lę (accusative singular)
-ėlès (accusative plural)
-ėlè (instrumental singular)
-ė̃lėmis (instrumental plural)
-ė̃lėje (locative singular)
-ė̃lėse (locative plural)
-ė̃le (singular vocative)
-ė̃lės (plural vocative)

Alternative form of -elė: feminine diminutive suffix


-ėnas

-ė́nas (nominative singular)
-ė́nai (nominative plural)
-ė́no (genitive singular)
-ė́nų (genitive plural)
-ė́nui (dative singular)
-ė́nams (dative plural)
-ė́ną (accusative singular)
-ė́nus (accusative plural)
-ė́nu (instrumental singular)
-ė́nais (instrumental plural)
-ė́ne (locative singular)
-ė́nuose (locative plural)
-ė́ne (singular vocative)
-ė́nai (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ēnas.

inh+

brólis (“brother”) + -ėnas → brolė́nas (“nephew; cousin”)

sesuo (“sister”) + -ėnas → seserė́nas (“nephew; cousin”)

žvìrblis (“sparrow”) + -ėnas → žvirblė́nas

katė̃ (“cat”) + -ėnas → katė́nas (“kitty”)

gìrė /girià (“forest”) + -ėnas → girė́nas (“forester”)

kálnas (“mountain”) + -ėnas → kalnė́nas (“highlander, mountaineer”)

Forms names of the inhabitants of the surrounding areas, from geographical/territorial nouns

Tilžė + -ėnas → tilžė́nas

Forms names of the inhabitants of the place names


-ystė

-ỹstė (canonical feminine stress-pattern-2)
-ỹstės (plural)
-ỹstė (nominative singular)
-ỹstės (nominative plural)
-ỹstės (genitive singular)
-ỹsčių (genitive plural)
-ỹstei (dative singular)
-ỹstėms (dative plural)
-ỹstę (accusative singular)
-ystès (accusative plural)
-ystè (instrumental singular)
-ỹstėmis (instrumental plural)
-ỹstėje (locative singular)
-ỹstėse (locative plural)
-ỹste (singular vocative)
-ỹstės (plural vocative)

→ Latvian: -iste

bìtininkas (“beekeeper”) + -ystė → bitininkỹstė (“apiculture, beekeeping; apicultural science”)

draũgas (“friend”) + -ystė → draugỹstė (“friendship”)

jáunas (“young”) + -ystė → jaunỹstė (“youth”)

výskupas (“bishop”) + -ystė → vyskupỹstė (“bishophood”)

Suffix denoting a relation, social status, scientific discipline, quality or state.

karãlius (“king”) + -ystė → karalỹstė (“kingdom”)

kunigáikštis (“prince, knyaz”) + -ystė → kunigaikštỹstė (“principality, duchy, dukedom”)

výskupas (“bishop”) + -ystė → vyskupỹstė (“diocese”)

Suffix denoting the domain or jurisdiction.


-uka

-úka (canonical feminine stress-pattern-1)
ukà (nominative)
ukõs (genitive)
ukai (dative)
uką (accusative)
uka (instrumental)
ukojè (locative)
uka (vocative)

forms pronouns with the meaning "estate of" the original noun.


-ymas

-ymai (plural)
-ymas (nominative singular)
-ymai (nominative plural)
-ymo (genitive singular)
-ymų (genitive plural)
-ymui (dative singular)
-ymams (dative plural)
-ymą (accusative singular)
-ymus (accusative plural)
-ymu (instrumental singular)
-ymais (instrumental plural)
-yme (locative singular)
-ymuose (locative plural)
-yme (singular vocative)
-ymai (plural vocative)

valdyti (“to govern”) + -ymas → valdymas (“governance”)

gydyti (“to heal”) + -ymas → gydymas (“treatment”)

Forms a noun form of a verb (verbal noun)