be

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *beź, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰe (instrumental particle) + *-ǵʰs (“out”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *bez(ъ) (“without”); see there for more cognates.


ant

añt (canonical)
añ (alternative dialectal)

Inherited from Old Lithuanian añt, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂en-t. Compare Sudovian an.

Ji̇̀s sė́di añt kėdė̃s.


lig

Derived from lýgus (“flat, even, equal”); the shortening of the long *ī sound (the y in lýgus) is perhaps due to influence from the synonymous iki̇̀. Cognate with Latvian lidz (“like; till; as soon as, until”).


link

From a clipping of liñki, liñkui, or liñkuo, ultimately from the same root as liñkti (“to tend”), linkė́ti (“to wish”).


po

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pa (“after, by”) (compare Latvian pa, pa-, Old Prussian po (“after, by, under”), Proto-Slavic *po (“after, by, at”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂pó, *h₂epó (“away, from”). Other cognates include Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀢 (a-pu, “from”), Sanskrit अप (ápa, “away, off”), Old Persian 𐎠𐎱 (a-p /apa/, “away”), Latin ab (“from”), Gothic 𐌰𐍆 (af, “of”). See pa-, pó- for more.

der

under, beneath (movement, position) [with instrumental]

(with instrumental or genitive case) beside, near, along (movement, position)

eik põ dešinei

(with instrumental or dative case) expresses the direction of movement

after, following a certain time period, event; after the disappearance or loss of [with genitive]

mẽtai põ mẽtų

expresses gradual progression; one after another [with genitive]

Teñ jiẽ gyvẽna ir̃ põ šiái diẽnai

until, up to a certain time [with dative]

keliáuti põ Europą

around, throughout the whole of [with accusative]

vaikai̇̃ gãvo põ gãbalą sū́rio

põ truputį

used to express division into equal parts [with accusative]

(with genitive, instrumental or dative case) expresses the manner of an action


per

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *per, from Proto-Indo-European *per-. Cognates include Proto-Slavic *per-, Ancient Greek περί (perí), Sanskrit परि (pári), Latin per, and English for.


arti

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂er-t-i, from *h₂er- (“to fit”). The Lithuanian form is probably an old locative; compare dialectal artiẽ and namiẽ (“at home”). Exact cognates include Ancient Greek ἄρτι (árti, “just, just now”), Old Armenian արդ (ard, “just now”). For the meaning, compare Ancient Greek ἄρτιος (ártios, “right, fitting”).

cog

Džiaugiúosi, kàd studijúosiu artì namų̃ ir̃ priẽ jū́ros.

I'm glad I'll be studying close to home and by the sea.


apart

Adverbial sense ultimately from German apart, possibly via Kashubian apart and/or dialectal Polish apart (“separately”). Prepositional sense most likely borrowed from English apart.

Apart valgio, tu nieko daugiau nežinai!

Apart from food, you don't know anything else!

Apart jo, dar buvo du


su

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śun, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm, or from Proto-Indo-European *som-. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *sъ(n).

kalbėtis su draugu

identifies the object of a reciprocal action

mama su vaikais

gerti arbatą su pienu

identifies accompanying people or objects

dėžutė su dokumentais

pyragas su braškėmis

identifies an ingredient, feature, or contents

keltis su saule

identifies time by means of a simultaneous event

Aš panašus su tėčiu.

compares two things that are similar/identical

kalbėti su šypsena

identifies the state of a subject during an action

valgyti su šakute

identifies an instrument (equivalent to using the instrumental without su)


nuo

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *nō; compare Latvian nò (“from”), Old Prussian no, na (“onto, against, over”), Proto-Slavic *na (“on, to”). In East Baltic the meaning somehow switched from "movement onto" to "movement away". Often connected with Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, “up, along”) ἄνω (ánō, “upwards”) Avestan 𐬀𐬥𐬀 (ana), Old Persian 𐎠𐎴𐎠 (a-n-a /anā/, “upwards, along”) < Proto-Indo-European *h₂en- (“up, on high”). A similar Balto-Slavic loss of initial *a can be seen in põ (“under, after”).

Bė́gau tolỹn nuo šitõs viẽtos.

Kū̃dikis nukri̇̀to nuo lóvos.

Jõ dárbas nuo namų̃ nutõlęs apiẽ 30 km.

His work is about 30 km removed from his home.

Nuo kurios pusės pradėti pjauti žolę?

Which is the side to begin with in mowing the grass?

(with genitive) (away) from, off, out of (movement or position away from; separation from)

Darýsime vi̇̀ską nuo pradžiõs iki̇̀ gãlo.

We'll do everything from start to finish.

Výrauja núomonė, kàd pil̃vas áuga nuo alaũs.

There is a prevailing view that the belly grows due to beer.

(with genitive) from; since; due to (indicates the origin, start or cause)

Kokiùs váistus tùrite nuo dantų̃ skaũsmo?

What medicine do you have for toothache?

Añt grindų̃ li̇̀ko keli̇̀ tušti̇̀ bùteliai nuo alaũs.

Some empty bottles of beer were left on the floor.

(with genitive) for, of; against (indicates purpose)

Pérduok jám linkė́jimus nuo manę̃s.


tarp

From the singular instrumental of tárpas (“gap, space”); compare dialectal tar̃pu.

Kóks ski̇̀rtumas tar̃p výrų ir̃ móterų?

What's the difference between men and women?

Kẽlias tar̃p Vi̇̀lniaus ir̃ Kaũno - The road between Vilnius and Kaunas

between (located in the middle of, connecting, dividing, or shared by two objects)

Kai̇̃p vai̇̃kui ràsti viẽtą tar̃p bendraam̃žių?

How can a child find a place amongst his peers?

among, amid (surrounded or encompassed by)


pas

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pos, from Proto-Indo-European *pós (“afterwards, post-”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *pozdь́nъ (“late”), Latin post (“behind, after”).

inh

Ar tu norėtum sėdėti pas mane?

Mes galime valgyti pas tave.

Jis gyvena pas savo tėvus.


ties

Related to tiẽsiai (“straight”), tiesùs (“simple”).

Nestovė́k tiẽs lángu.


iki

Perhaps related to Proto-Slavic *kъ(n) (“to, towards”). Cognate with Latvian ik (“how often; every”).


prie

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *prei, cognate with Proto-Slavic *pri (“at, by”), Latvian pie, Old Prussian prei.


iš

From Proto-Indo-European *eḱs (“out of”), *eǵʰs, *h₁eǵʰs. Cognates include Ancient Greek ἐξ (ex), Latin ex, Old Irish ess-, a, ass (Irish as) and Old Church Slavonic из (iz).


į

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *in; compare Old Prussian en (“in, into”), Proto-Slavic *vъ(n) (“in, into”) from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én, *h₁n̥; compare Ancient Greek ἐν (en), Latin in, Proto-Germanic *in. The discrepancy between the u-vocalism seen in Slavic and the i-vocalism in Baltic is unclear, but both forms can be derived from the zero-grade. Latvian ìe- displays a full-grade and is confined to nominal compounds. Compare Lithuanian pri̇́e- / pri-, núo- / nu- and pó / pa-.

Sùk į̇̃ dẽšinę ir̃ matýsi màno nãmą.

Turn to the right and you'll see my house.

to, into, toward (in the direction of, and arriving at)


už

Labai ačiū už jūsų pagalbą.


už

Saulė yra už debesų.


apie

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi, *h₁opi. Cognate with Latvian ap (“around, about”), Old Prussian ep-, eb-, ab-, Ancient Greek ἐπί (epí, “on, at, by”), Sanskrit अपि (ápi, “also, further, even”).

cog

Àš niẽko nežinaũ apiẽ tai̇̃.


dėl

Borrowed from Proto-Slavic *děľa (“because of”). Cognate with Latvian dēļ.

Avãrija įvỹko dėl rū̃ko.

The accident happened because of the fog.


greta

[ɡʲr̺ʲɛˈt̪ˠɐ]

Ossified instrumental singular of gretà (“vicinity; neighborhood”), with uncertain further etymology.

alongside, in addition to [with genitive]


pagal

From pa- (“after, definite”) + the root underlying gãlas (“end”).

Klai̇̃pėda – trečiàsis pagal̃ dỹdį Lietuvõs miẽstas.

Klaipėda is the third biggest city in Lithuania by size.


pasak

From pasekti (“to take after”), sekti (“to follow”).

pasak mano tėvo


virš

From a contraction of viršùj, viršui̇̃ (“above, on top”), from a clipping of viršujè, the locative singular of viršus (“top”). Compare Latvian virs (“above”).

over, above (without touching, with or without motion)


prieš

Back-formation from pri̇́ešais (“opposite”).

back-formation

Vienas prieš visus.

Tomas atvirai prieš.

prieš srovę

Grįžk namo prieš tamsą.

Tu visą laiką sėdi prieš televizorių.

prieš keletą minučių


žemiau

From žemas (“low”) + -iau (petrified neuter comparative form).

žemiaũ jū́ros lỹgio

žemiaũ vidur̃kio


aukščiau

From aukštas (“high”) + -iau (petrified neuter comparative form).

aukščiaũ įstãtymo


šalia

From ossified instrumental singular form of šalis (“site”).