"nugara" meaning in Lithuanian

See nugara in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [ˈn̪ʊɡɐrɐ]
Etymology: Compare Latvian mugura (“back”); the Latvian term apparently underwent an irregular sound shift n- > m-, based on the existence of Finnish nukero (“ridge”), which was borrowed from Baltic. Further etymology outside of Baltic unclear, owing to the words' strange phonetic structure, as well as the Lithuanian term's fixed (columnar) accent. These words have been compared to Proto-Slavic *mogyla (“mound”), as words for "back" are often related to landscape terms. However, this connection could only hold if the Baltic and Slavic terms are independently borrowed from a common substrate language, since regular sound changes are not observed. Endzelins alternatively assumes a proto-form *gnugara, which he tentatively connects to Old Norse kniúkr (“rounded mountain peak”), Norwegian knoka (“ankle; knuckle”), which appear to be related to Proto-Germanic *knukilaz (“knuckle; knot”). Etymology templates: {{cog|lv|mugura|t=back}} Latvian mugura (“back”), {{cog|fi|nukero|t=ridge}} Finnish nukero (“ridge”), {{noncog|sla-pro|*mogyla|t=mound}} Proto-Slavic *mogyla (“mound”), {{cog|non|kniúkr|t=rounded mountain peak}} Old Norse kniúkr (“rounded mountain peak”), {{cog|no|knoka|t=ankle; knuckle}} Norwegian knoka (“ankle; knuckle”), {{cog|gem-pro|*knukilaz|t=knuckle; knot}} Proto-Germanic *knukilaz (“knuckle; knot”) Head templates: {{head|lt|nouns|||plural|nùgaros||{{{f}}}||{{{m}}}|g=f|g2=|head=nùgara}} nùgara f (plural nùgaros), {{lt-noun|f|nùgaros|1|head=nùgara}} nùgara f (plural nùgaros) stress pattern 1 Inflection templates: {{lt-decl-noun|nùgara|nùgaros|nùgaros|nùgarų|nùgarai|nùgaroms|nùgarą|nùgaras|nùgara|nùgaromis|nùgaroje|nùgarose|nùgara|nùgaros}} Forms: nùgara [canonical, feminine, stress-pattern-1], nùgaros [plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], nùgara [nominative, singular], nùgaros [nominative, plural], nùgaros [genitive, singular], nùgarų [genitive, plural], nùgarai [dative, singular], nùgaroms [dative, plural], nùgarą [accusative, singular], nùgaras [accusative, plural], nùgara [instrumental, singular], nùgaromis [instrumental, plural], nùgaroje [locative, singular], nùgarose [locative, plural], nùgara [singular, vocative], nùgaros [plural, vocative]
  1. (anatomy) back Wikipedia link: lt:nugara Categories (topical): Anatomy Derived forms: nugaros smegenys
    Sense id: en-nugara-lt-noun-PEgjRvN1 Categories (other): Lithuanian entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Topics: anatomy, medicine, sciences
     
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "mugura",
        "t": "back"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian mugura (“back”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "nukero",
        "t": "ridge"
      },
      "expansion": "Finnish nukero (“ridge”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*mogyla",
        "t": "mound"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *mogyla (“mound”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "kniúkr",
        "t": "rounded mountain peak"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse kniúkr (“rounded mountain peak”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "no",
        "2": "knoka",
        "t": "ankle; knuckle"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian knoka (“ankle; knuckle”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*knukilaz",
        "t": "knuckle; knot"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *knukilaz (“knuckle; knot”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Compare Latvian mugura (“back”); the Latvian term apparently underwent an irregular sound shift n- > m-, based on the existence of Finnish nukero (“ridge”), which was borrowed from Baltic. Further etymology outside of Baltic unclear, owing to the words' strange phonetic structure, as well as the Lithuanian term's fixed (columnar) accent.\nThese words have been compared to Proto-Slavic *mogyla (“mound”), as words for \"back\" are often related to landscape terms. However, this connection could only hold if the Baltic and Slavic terms are independently borrowed from a common substrate language, since regular sound changes are not observed.\nEndzelins alternatively assumes a proto-form *gnugara, which he tentatively connects to Old Norse kniúkr (“rounded mountain peak”), Norwegian knoka (“ankle; knuckle”), which appear to be related to Proto-Germanic *knukilaz (“knuckle; knot”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "nùgara",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "feminine",
        "stress-pattern-1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nùgaros",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lt-noun-f-a-1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nùgara",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nùgaros",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nùgaros",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nùgarų",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nùgarai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nùgaroms",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nùgarą",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nùgaras",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nùgara",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nùgaromis",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nùgaroje",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nùgarose",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nùgara",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nùgaros",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "10": "{{{m}}}",
        "2": "nouns",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "plural",
        "6": "nùgaros",
        "7": "",
        "8": "{{{f}}}",
        "9": "",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "nùgara"
      },
      "expansion": "nùgara f (plural nùgaros)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "nùgaros",
        "3": "1",
        "head": "nùgara"
      },
      "expansion": "nùgara f (plural nùgaros) stress pattern 1",
      "name": "lt-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nùgara",
        "10": "nùgaromis",
        "11": "nùgaroje",
        "12": "nùgarose",
        "13": "nùgara",
        "14": "nùgaros",
        "2": "nùgaros",
        "3": "nùgaros",
        "4": "nùgarų",
        "5": "nùgarai",
        "6": "nùgaroms",
        "7": "nùgarą",
        "8": "nùgaras",
        "9": "nùgara"
      },
      "name": "lt-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Lithuanian",
  "lang_code": "lt",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Lithuanian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "lt",
          "name": "Anatomy",
          "orig": "lt:Anatomy",
          "parents": [
            "Biology",
            "Medicine",
            "Sciences",
            "Healthcare",
            "All topics",
            "Health",
            "Fundamental",
            "Body"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "nugaros smegenys"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "back pain",
          "text": "nùgaros skaũsmas"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "back"
      ],
      "id": "en-nugara-lt-noun-PEgjRvN1",
      "links": [
        [
          "anatomy",
          "anatomy"
        ],
        [
          "back",
          "back"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(anatomy) back"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "anatomy",
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "lt:nugara"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈn̪ʊɡɐrɐ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "nugara"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "nugaros smegenys"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "mugura",
        "t": "back"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian mugura (“back”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "nukero",
        "t": "ridge"
      },
      "expansion": "Finnish nukero (“ridge”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*mogyla",
        "t": "mound"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *mogyla (“mound”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "kniúkr",
        "t": "rounded mountain peak"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse kniúkr (“rounded mountain peak”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "no",
        "2": "knoka",
        "t": "ankle; knuckle"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian knoka (“ankle; knuckle”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*knukilaz",
        "t": "knuckle; knot"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *knukilaz (“knuckle; knot”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Compare Latvian mugura (“back”); the Latvian term apparently underwent an irregular sound shift n- > m-, based on the existence of Finnish nukero (“ridge”), which was borrowed from Baltic. Further etymology outside of Baltic unclear, owing to the words' strange phonetic structure, as well as the Lithuanian term's fixed (columnar) accent.\nThese words have been compared to Proto-Slavic *mogyla (“mound”), as words for \"back\" are often related to landscape terms. However, this connection could only hold if the Baltic and Slavic terms are independently borrowed from a common substrate language, since regular sound changes are not observed.\nEndzelins alternatively assumes a proto-form *gnugara, which he tentatively connects to Old Norse kniúkr (“rounded mountain peak”), Norwegian knoka (“ankle; knuckle”), which appear to be related to Proto-Germanic *knukilaz (“knuckle; knot”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "nùgara",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "feminine",
        "stress-pattern-1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nùgaros",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lt-noun-f-a-1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nùgara",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nùgaros",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nùgaros",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nùgarų",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nùgarai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nùgaroms",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nùgarą",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nùgaras",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nùgara",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nùgaromis",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nùgaroje",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nùgarose",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nùgara",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nùgaros",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "10": "{{{m}}}",
        "2": "nouns",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "plural",
        "6": "nùgaros",
        "7": "",
        "8": "{{{f}}}",
        "9": "",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "nùgara"
      },
      "expansion": "nùgara f (plural nùgaros)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "nùgaros",
        "3": "1",
        "head": "nùgara"
      },
      "expansion": "nùgara f (plural nùgaros) stress pattern 1",
      "name": "lt-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nùgara",
        "10": "nùgaromis",
        "11": "nùgaroje",
        "12": "nùgarose",
        "13": "nùgara",
        "14": "nùgaros",
        "2": "nùgaros",
        "3": "nùgaros",
        "4": "nùgarų",
        "5": "nùgarai",
        "6": "nùgaroms",
        "7": "nùgarą",
        "8": "nùgaras",
        "9": "nùgara"
      },
      "name": "lt-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Lithuanian",
  "lang_code": "lt",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Lithuanian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Lithuanian feminine nouns",
        "Lithuanian lemmas",
        "Lithuanian nouns",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "lt:Anatomy"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "back pain",
          "text": "nùgaros skaũsmas"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "back"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "anatomy",
          "anatomy"
        ],
        [
          "back",
          "back"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(anatomy) back"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "anatomy",
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "lt:nugara"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈn̪ʊɡɐrɐ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "nugara"
}

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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Lithuanian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

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