soma

soma (nominative singular)
somas (nominative plural)
somas (genitive singular)
somu (genitive plural)
somai (dative singular)
somām (dative plural)
somu (accusative singular)
somas (accusative plural)
somu (instrumental singular)
somām (instrumental plural)
somā (locative singular)
somās (locative plural)
soma (singular vocative)
somas (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old East Slavic сума (suma) (compare Russian сума́ (sumá)), itself borrowed (via Polish) from Old High German soum (“burden”) (compare German Saum), from Ancient Greek σάγμα (ságma) (whence also Latin sagma, sauma (“burden saddle, burden”)). The borrowing happened in the 13th century, when Old East Slavic у was still pronounced as [oː]. The word soma is first attested in 17th-century dictionaries with meanings such as “bread sack”, “bag”, “travel bag”.

ķengura soma

(biology, anatomy) pouch (skin fold in marsupials to keep a newborn baby)


tips

tips (nominative singular)
tipi (nominative plural)
tipa (genitive singular)
tipu (genitive plural)
tipam (dative singular)
tipiem (dative plural)
tipu (accusative singular)
tipus (accusative plural)
tipu (instrumental singular)
tipiem (instrumental plural)
tipā (locative singular)
tipos (locative plural)
tip (singular vocative)
tipi (plural vocative)

Via some other European language, ultimately borrowed from Latin typus, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek τύπος (túpos, “mark, impression, type”).

der

tips ir augstākā kategorija dzīvnieku klasifikācija

the type is the highest category of animal classification

(zoology) type (highest category in animal systematics)


aborts

aborts (nominative singular)
aborti (nominative plural)
aborta (genitive singular)
abortu (genitive plural)
abortam (dative singular)
abortiem (dative plural)
abortu (accusative singular)
abortus (accusative plural)
abortu (instrumental singular)
abortiem (instrumental plural)
abortā (locative singular)
abortos (locative plural)
abort (singular vocative)
aborti (plural vocative)

(medicine) abortion (premature termination of pregnancy before the full 22 weeks, spontaneous or artificial)

(veterinary medicine) abortion (premature natural termination or artificial termination of pregnancy in animals)


suga

suga (nominative singular)
sugas (nominative plural)
sugas (genitive singular)
sugu (genitive plural)
sugai (dative singular)
sugām (dative plural)
sugu (accusative singular)
sugas (accusative plural)
sugu (instrumental singular)
sugām (instrumental plural)
sugā (locative singular)
sugās (locative plural)
suga (singular vocative)
sugas (plural vocative)

Borrowed either from Livonian su’g, or from Estonian sugu.

Sugu izcelšanās

invazīva suga


lidot

head

lidot (intransitive, 2nd conjugation, present lidoju, lido, lido, past lidoju)

conjugation (second-person)
lidoju (present)
lido (present)
lidoju (past)
es (first-person indicative singular)
lidoju (first-person indicative present singular)
lidoju (first-person indicative past singular)
lidošu (first-person future indicative singular)
tu (indicative second-person singular)
lido (indicative present second-person singular)
lidoji (indicative past second-person singular)
lidosi (future indicative second-person singular)
lido (imperative second-person singular)
viņš (indicative singular third-person)
viņa (indicative singular third-person)
lido (indicative present singular third-person)
lidoja (indicative past singular third-person)
lidos (future indicative singular third-person)
lai lido (imperative singular third-person)
mēs (first-person indicative plural)
lidojam (first-person indicative plural present)
lidojām (first-person indicative past plural)
lidosim (first-person future indicative plural)
lidosim (first-person imperative plural)
jūs (indicative plural second-person)
lidojat (indicative plural present second-person)
lidojāt (indicative past plural second-person)
lidosiet (future indicative plural second-person)
lidosit (future indicative plural second-person)
lidojiet (imperative plural second-person)
viņi (indicative plural third-person)
viņas (indicative plural third-person)
lido (indicative plural present third-person)
lidoja (indicative past plural third-person)
lidos (future indicative plural third-person)
lai lido (imperative plural third-person)
lidojot (present renarrative)
lidojošs (participle)
esot lidojis (past renarrative)
lidodams (participle)
lidošot (future renarrative)
lidojot (participle)
lai lidojot (imperative)
lidojam (participle)
lidojis (active conditional participle past)
lidotu (conditional present)
lidojams (participle)
būtu lidojis (conditional past)
lidots (participle passive past)
jālido (debitive indicative)
būt jālido (debitive indicative)
lidot (infinitive)
esot jālido (conditional debitive)
nelidot
jālidojot (conditional debitive)
lidošana (noun-from-verb)

Originally the iterative form of *list, from Proto-Baltic *lid-ti, from the same stem as laist (“to let, to allow”): Proto-Indo-European *leyd-, *līd-, *lid- (“to let go, to allow”). The synonyms lidot and laisties are therefore reflexes of the same original stem. The original meaning was probably “to let go,” from which “to fly.” In Indo-European languages, it is common that the notion “to fly” be expressed by a verb also meaning, or having previously meant, some other kind of motion: cf. Lithuanian lė̃kti (“to fly; to run”), Latin volāre (“to fly; to rush”), Ancient Greek βάλλω (bállō, “to throw”). Cognates include Lithuanian lydúoti (“to wait, to postpone; to settle, to let (time) go; to give permission; to be tolerant; to decrease, to weaken (of frost)”), Old Church Slavonic летѣти (letěti, “to fly”), Russian лететь (letetʹ), летать (letatʹ).

cog

kaijas lido virs jūras

spāre lido klusi

sikspārņi lido krēslā

(in 3rd person, of birds, insects) to fly (to move in the air with the help of wings)


rinda

rinda (nominative singular)
rindas (nominative plural)
rindas (genitive singular)
rindu (genitive plural)
rindai (dative singular)
rindām (dative plural)
rindu (accusative singular)
rindas (accusative plural)
rindu (instrumental singular)
rindām (instrumental plural)
rindā (locative singular)
rindās (locative plural)
rinda (singular vocative)
rindas (plural vocative)
rinde (alternative)

From Proto-Baltic *rinda, maybe from Proto-Indo-European *arēydʰ-, *rēydʰ-, *h₂rey-, derived from *h₂er- (“to unite, to fit”). Cognates include Lithuanian rindà, Old Church Slavonic рѧдъ (rędŭ), Russian ряд (rjad), Bulgarian ред (red), Polish rząd, Gothic 𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (raidjan, “organize, define”), 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃 (garaiþs, “organized, ordered”), Old Norse greida (“unfold, arrange”), German bereit (“ready”), Persian رده (rade, “row, category”).


hlorofils

hlorofils (nominative singular)
hlorofili (nominative plural)
hlorofila (genitive singular)
hlorofilu (genitive plural)
hlorofilam (dative singular)
hlorofiliem (dative plural)
hlorofilu (accusative singular)
hlorofilus (accusative plural)
hlorofilu (instrumental singular)
hlorofiliem (instrumental plural)
hlorofilā (locative singular)
hlorofilos (locative plural)
hlorofil (singular vocative)
hlorofili (plural vocative)


tinte

tinte (nominative singular)
tintes (nominative plural)
tintes (genitive singular)
tinšu (genitive plural)
tintei (dative singular)
tintēm (dative plural)
tinti (accusative singular)
tintes (accusative plural)
tinti (instrumental singular)
tintēm (instrumental plural)
tintē (locative singular)
tintēs (locative plural)
tinte (singular vocative)
tintes (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Tinte, itself a borrowing from Latin tincta (aqua) (“colored water, liquid”). This word is first mentioned in the early 19th century. It replaced an earlier borrowing blaka, from Middle Low German blak, black (“black ink”). An attempt to introduce a neologism melne (from melns (“black”); compare Russian черни́ла (černíla, “ink”), from чёрный (čórnyj, “black”)) also failed.

der

gliemju tintes dziedzeri

(biology, anatomy) ink (dark liquid produced by certain animals or plants)


agresija

agresija (nominative singular)
agresijas (nominative plural)
agresijas (genitive singular)
agresiju (genitive plural)
agresijai (dative singular)
agresijām (dative plural)
agresiju (accusative singular)
agresijas (accusative plural)
agresiju (instrumental singular)
agresijām (instrumental plural)
agresijā (locative singular)
agresijās (locative plural)
agresija (singular vocative)
agresijas (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately from Latin aggressiō + -ija.

belligerence, hostility (angry, hostile, even aggressive behaviour)

(biology) aggression (a form of behaviour used by an individual to intimidate or hurt another being of the same or a different species)


paduse

paduse (nominative singular)
paduses (nominative plural)
paduses (genitive singular)
padušu (genitive plural)
padusei (dative singular)
padusēm (dative plural)
padusi (accusative singular)
paduses (accusative plural)
padusi (instrumental singular)
padusēm (instrumental plural)
padusē (locative singular)
padusēs (locative plural)
paduse (singular vocative)
paduses (plural vocative)

From pa- + an older term *dusa (“arm, shoulder”) (maybe *dusis?), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *dus-, from the zero grade *dus- of Proto-Indo-European *dóws (“arm”) (whence Sanskrit दोषान् (doṣán-), दो (do, “arm, forearm”), Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬊𐬱- (daoš-, “upper arm, shoulder”)). Cognates include Old Church Slavonic пазуха (pazuxa), Belarusian, Ukrainian and Russian па́зуха (pázuxa), Czech, Polish pazucha.

cog

lapu paduses

(botany) space under a stem or (forked) branch


piere

piere (nominative singular)
pieres (nominative plural)
pieres (genitive singular)
pieru (genitive plural)
pierei (dative singular)
pierēm (dative plural)
pieri (accusative singular)
pieres (accusative plural)
pieri (instrumental singular)
pierēm (instrumental plural)
pierē (locative singular)
pierēs (locative plural)
piere (singular vocative)
pieres (plural vocative)

From an earlier *priere ( > piere by dissimilation), from *prie (“in front of, ahead of”). The meaning change, “in front of” > “forehead,” is similar to the evolution of the English term (compare fore).

ļoti laba jēru barība rudenī ir cukurbiešu lapas kopā ar biešu pierēm

very good food for lambs in the autumn is sugar beet leaves together with beet foreheads

(botany) a shrunk stem or trunk, on the surface of which leaves can grow


vēzis

vēzis (nominative singular)
vēži (nominative plural)
vēža (genitive singular)
vēžu (genitive plural)
vēzim (dative singular)
vēžiem (dative plural)
vēzi (accusative singular)
vēžus (accusative plural)
vēzi (instrumental singular)
vēžiem (instrumental plural)
vēzī (locative singular)
vēžos (locative plural)
vēzi (singular vocative)
vēži (plural vocative)

There are various opinions about the origin of this word. Some derive it from the verb vēzēt (“to swing quickly (from one side to the other)”), or from the verb vēzt (“to drag (sideways, back)”); others relate it to Lithuanian verb vóžti (“to shut, to cover”); others compare it to Sanskrit वाह्यकी (vāhyakī), वाहक (vāhaka, “some poisonous insect”). Cognates include Lithuanian vėžỹs.

āboliņa vēzis

augļu koku vēzis

kartupeļu vēzis

(botany) plant disease characterized by growths on the trunk or roots


iet

head

iet (intransitive, no conjugation, present eju, ej, iet, past gāju)

eju (present)
ej (present)
iet (present)
gāju (past)
es (first-person indicative singular)
eju (first-person indicative present singular)
gāju (first-person indicative past singular)
iešu (first-person future indicative singular)
tu (indicative second-person singular)
ej (indicative present second-person singular)
gāji (indicative past second-person singular)
iesi (future indicative second-person singular)
ej (imperative second-person singular)
viņš (indicative singular third-person)
viņa (indicative singular third-person)
iet (indicative present singular third-person)
gāja (indicative past singular third-person)
ies (future indicative singular third-person)
lai iet (imperative singular third-person)
mēs (first-person indicative plural)
ejam (first-person indicative plural present)
gājām (first-person indicative past plural)
iesim (first-person future indicative plural)
iesim (first-person imperative plural)
jūs (indicative plural second-person)
ejat (indicative plural present second-person)
gājāt (indicative past plural second-person)
iesit (future indicative plural second-person)
iesiet (future indicative plural second-person)
ejiet (imperative plural second-person)
viņi (indicative plural third-person)
viņas (indicative plural third-person)
iet (indicative plural present third-person)
gāja (indicative past plural third-person)
ies (future indicative plural third-person)
lai iet (imperative plural third-person)
ejot (present renarrative)
ejošs (participle)
esot gājis (past renarrative)
iedams (participle)
iešot (future renarrative)
ejot (participle)
lai ejot (imperative)
ejam (participle)
gājis (active conditional participle past)
ietu (conditional present)
ejams (participle)
būtu gājis (conditional past)
iets (participle passive past)
jāiet (debitive indicative)
būt jāiet (debitive indicative)
iet (infinitive)
esot jāiet (conditional debitive)
neiet
jāejot (conditional debitive)
iešana (noun-from-verb)

The infinitive and present tense forms come from Proto-Baltic *eitei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (the old athematic present tense forms *eimu, *iemu, etc. were lost and replaced with new forms derived directly from *h₁ey-). The past tense forms come from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gā́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₂- (“to come”), from which also Lithuanian góti (“to go quickly”), English come).

iet siļķu bari

schools of herring are going (= swimming, moving)

vai tu dzirdi, vai tu dzirdi, šonakt zosis projām iet

do you hear, do you hear, tonight the geese are going (= flying) away

(usually in 3rd person; of birds, fish) to go, to fly, to swim


sarkanā mušmire

sarkanā mušmire (nominative singular)
sarkanās mušmires (nominative plural)
sarkanās mušmires (genitive singular)
sarkano mušmiru (genitive plural)
sarkanajai mušmirei (dative singular)
sarkanajām mušmirēm (dative plural)
sarkano mušmiri (accusative singular)
sarkanās mušmires (accusative plural)
sarkano mušmiri (instrumental singular)
sarkanajām mušmirēm (instrumental plural)
sarkanajā mušmirē (locative singular)
sarkanajās mušmirēs (locative plural)
sarkano mušmire (singular vocative)
sarkanā mušmire (singular vocative)
sarkanās mušmires (plural vocative)

Amanita muscaria
Amanita muscaria#Translingual

(mycology) fly agaric (a poisonous and psychoactive mushroom species, Amanita muscaria)


audi

audi (nominative plural)
audu (genitive plural)
audiem (dative plural)
audus (accusative plural)
audiem (instrumental plural)
audos (locative plural)
audi (plural vocative)


mikroskops

mikroskops (nominative singular)
mikroskopi (nominative plural)
mikroskopa (genitive singular)
mikroskopu (genitive plural)
mikroskopam (dative singular)
mikroskopiem (dative plural)
mikroskopu (accusative singular)
mikroskopus (accusative plural)
mikroskopu (instrumental singular)
mikroskopiem (instrumental plural)
mikroskopā (locative singular)
mikroskopos (locative plural)
mikroskop (singular vocative)
mikroskopi (plural vocative)

From New Latin microscopium (via some other European language), from Ancient Greek μικρός (mikrós, “small”) + σκοπέω (skopéō, “I look at”).

compound

gaismas mikroskops

jonu mikroskops

elektronu mikroskops, elektronmikroskops

saskatīt mikroskopā baktērijas

(physics, biology) microscope (instrument for observing small objects)


dziedāt

head

dziedāt (transitive or intransitive, 3rd conjugation, irregular, present dziedu, dziedi, dzied, past dziedāju)

conjugation (third-person)
dziedu (present)
dziedi (present)
dzied (present)
dziedāju (past)
es (first-person indicative singular)
dziedu (first-person indicative present singular)
dziedāju (first-person indicative past singular)
dziedāšu (first-person future indicative singular)
tu (indicative second-person singular)
dziedi (indicative present second-person singular)
dziedāji (indicative past second-person singular)
dziedāsi (future indicative second-person singular)
dziedi (imperative second-person singular)
viņš (indicative singular third-person)
viņa (indicative singular third-person)
dzied (indicative present singular third-person)
dziedāja (indicative past singular third-person)
dziedās (future indicative singular third-person)
lai dzied (imperative singular third-person)
mēs (first-person indicative plural)
dziedam (first-person indicative plural present)
dziedājām (first-person indicative past plural)
dziedāsim (first-person future indicative plural)
dziedāsim (first-person imperative plural)
jūs (indicative plural second-person)
dziedat (indicative plural present second-person)
dziedājāt (indicative past plural second-person)
dziedāsiet (future indicative plural second-person)
dziedāsit (future indicative plural second-person)
dziediet (imperative plural second-person)
viņi (indicative plural third-person)
viņas (indicative plural third-person)
dzied (indicative plural present third-person)
dziedāja (indicative past plural third-person)
dziedās (future indicative plural third-person)
lai dzied (imperative plural third-person)
dziedot (present renarrative)
dziedošs (participle)
esot dziedājis (past renarrative)
dziedādams (participle)
dziedāšot (future renarrative)
dziedot (participle)
lai dziedot (imperative)
dziedam (participle)
dziedājis (active conditional participle past)
dziedātu (conditional present)
dziedams (participle)
būtu dziedājis (conditional past)
dziedāts (participle passive past)
jādzied (debitive indicative)
būt jādzied (debitive indicative)
dziedāt (infinitive)
esot jādzied (conditional debitive)
nedziedāt
jādziedot (conditional debitive)
dziedāšana (noun-from-verb)

From Proto-Baltic *geyd-, from Proto-Indo-European *gēy-, *goy-, *gī- (“to sing, to call, to shout”) with an extra -d. Originally, dziedāt was an iterative-intensive form of an earlier verb, either *gīst (< *gī-d-ti; cf, Lithuanian pra-gýsti), or *giet (< *gie- < *gēy-, from which also dziesma (“song”)).
Cognates include Lithuanian giedóti (“to sing”), pragýsti (“to begin to sing”), gáida, gaidà (“melody; singer”), Proto-Slavic *gajati (Old East Slavic гаяти (gajati, “to croak, to caw”), Russian dialectal га́ять (gájatʹ, “to yawn; to speak, to shout, to make noise; to swear, to yell at someone; to drive animals by shouting”)), Sanskrit गायति (gāyati), गाति (gā́jati, gā́ti, “to sing”), गीत (gī́ta, “having sung”), Tocharian A kāk (“he called”), Tocharian B kāka (“he called”).

cog

gailis dzied

viens putniņš zara galā dzied

one little bird is singing at the end of a branch

kur klusā naktī lakstīgalas dzied, tur klausīties man labprāt tīkas iet

where in the silent night the nightingales sing, there I would love to go listen

“circenis!” bērni sāka čukstēt: “circenis dzied!”

“crickets!” the children began whispering: “the crickets are singing”

(in 3rd person; of certain birds, insects) to sing (to produce sounds, often melodious sounds, typical of its species)


valsts

valsts (nominative singular)
valstis (nominative plural)
valsts (genitive singular)
valstu (genitive plural)
valstij (dative singular)
valstīm (dative plural)
valsti (accusative singular)
valstis (accusative plural)
valsti (instrumental singular)
valstīm (instrumental plural)
valstī (locative singular)
valstīs (locative plural)
valsts (singular vocative)
valstis (plural vocative)
valste (alternative)
valdzs (alternative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *walˀstís, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wolh₁dʰh₁-ti-s, from *h₂welh₁dʰh₁-, from *h₂welh₁- (“to rule”). Morphologically from valdīt (“to reign, to rule”) (*vald-tis > *valstis > valsts; compare dialectal form valdzs).
The original meaning was “power, domination”; by the 18th century, this had been changed to “parish, fief, administrative district”, with significant geographic variation well into the 19th century. Only in the 20th century did the current meaning become stable. Cognates include Lithuanian val̃sčius (“district, parish, township”) (< *vald-tius, dialectal val̃stis), valstýbė (“country, state”), Proto-Slavic *volstь (“possession”) from *volsti (“to reign, to rule”).

augu valsts

dzīvnieku valsts

(taxonomy) kingdom (one of the highest divisions in the classification of living beings)


sēkla

sēkla (nominative singular)
sēklas (nominative plural)
sēklas (genitive singular)
sēklu (genitive plural)
sēklai (dative singular)
sēklām (dative plural)
sēklu (accusative singular)
sēklas (accusative plural)
sēklu (instrumental singular)
sēklām (instrumental plural)
sēklā (locative singular)
sēklās (locative plural)
sēkla (singular vocative)
sēklas (plural vocative)

Common Baltic, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂éytlom (“lifetime, lifespan”). Compare to Lithuanian sėkla.


saimnieks

lv-noun

saimnieks m (1st declension, feminine form: saimniece)

saimniece (feminine)
saimnieks (nominative singular)
saimnieki (nominative plural)
saimnieka (genitive singular)
saimnieku (genitive plural)
saimniekam (dative singular)
saimniekiem (dative plural)
saimnieku (accusative singular)
saimniekus (accusative plural)
saimnieku (instrumental singular)
saimniekiem (instrumental plural)
saimniekā (locative singular)
saimniekos (locative plural)
saimniek (singular vocative)
saimnieki (plural vocative)

From saime (“family, household”) + -nieks. Though it is an old compound (already attested in 17th-century sources), it was only introduced in the literary (standard) language in 1862 by J. Alunāns.

katrai blusu sugai ir noteikts saimnieks

every species of flea has a specific host

Mazākās zaļganās dēles dzīvoja uz zivju ādas un pārtika no saimnieku asinīm

the smaller greenish leeches lived on fish skin and fed from their host's blood

(biology) host (an organism in which a parasite lives)


sīpols

sīpols (nominative singular)
sīpoli (nominative plural)
sīpola (genitive singular)
sīpolu (genitive plural)
sīpolam (dative singular)
sīpoliem (dative plural)
sīpolu (accusative singular)
sīpolus (accusative plural)
sīpolu (instrumental singular)
sīpoliem (instrumental plural)
sīpolā (locative singular)
sīpolos (locative plural)
sīpol (singular vocative)
sīpoli (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle Dutch sipol (cf. Middle Low German sipolle, German Zwiebel), itself a borrowing from Italian cipollo, from Latin cīpulla, cepulla, the diminutive form of cēpa, of uncertain origin (perhaps a borrowing from an unattested Ancient Greek word.)

gladiolu, tulpju sīpols

ķiplokam ir salikts sīpols, kas sastāv no vairākiem patstāvīgiem sīpoliem, un katra nolauztā ķiploka daiva izveido jaunu augu

garlic has a compound bulb which consists of several independent bulbs, and every clove of garlic that breaks off originates a new plant

(botany) bulb (a modification of the stem and shriveled leaves of certain plants, among which onions, which accumulates nutrients)


dzīve

dzīve (nominative singular)
dzīves (nominative plural)
dzīves (genitive singular)
dzīvju (genitive plural)
dzīvei (dative singular)
dzīvēm (dative plural)
dzīvi (accusative singular)
dzīves (accusative plural)
dzīvi (instrumental singular)
dzīvēm (instrumental plural)
dzīvē (locative singular)
dzīvēs (locative plural)
dzīve (singular vocative)
dzīves (plural vocative)


ģimene

ģimene (nominative singular)
ģimenes (nominative plural)
ģimenes (genitive singular)
ģimeņu (genitive plural)
ģimenei (dative singular)
ģimenēm (dative plural)
ģimeni (accusative singular)
ģimenes (accusative plural)
ģimeni (instrumental singular)
ģimenēm (instrumental plural)
ģimenē (locative singular)
ģimenēs (locative plural)
ģimene (singular vocative)
ģimenes (plural vocative)
dzimene (alternative)

Borrowed from Lithuanian giminė̃ (“family; kin; genus; gender”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem-, the same root as the verb dzimt (“to be born”) (q.v.); cf. also Sudovian gimna (“family; uncles, their wives”). This borrowing is first attested in writings in the 1870s, with a broader range of meanings (“family, kin, generation, sex, gender”); the current meaning of “family” stabilized at the beginning of the 20th century. In the 1870s, Juris Alunāns attempted to correct it to dzimene (which would be the regular development if the word had not been borrowed), but this form never became popular. It replaced the previous borrowing famīlija (from German Familie).

cog

stārķu ģimene

mežacūku ģimene

tas, ko parasti uzskata par vilku baru, īstenībā ir viena vilku ģimene: veco vilku pāris un viņu šā gada un pērnie vilcēni, kas ziemas sākumā sanāk kopā

that which one usually considers a pack of wolves is actually a family of wolves: an old wolf couple and their wolflings of this year and of the previous year, who get together at the beginning of winter

(zoology) family (a group of animals consisting of a male, a female and their offspring, living and eating together)


dzīsla

dzīsla (nominative singular)
dzīslas (nominative plural)
dzīslas (genitive singular)
dzīslu (genitive plural)
dzīslai (dative singular)
dzīslām (dative plural)
dzīslu (accusative singular)
dzīslas (accusative plural)
dzīslu (instrumental singular)
dzīslām (instrumental plural)
dzīslā (locative singular)
dzīslās (locative plural)
dzīsla (singular vocative)
dzīslas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *gīsla, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gīˀ(s)lāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷiH- (“bow-string, string”) or *gʷʰíH(s)leh₂. Karulis instead connects the word to Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”).
Cognates
Cognates include Lithuanian gýsla, the second half of Old Prussian pettegislo (“back vein”) (cf. pette (“back”)), Proto-Slavic *gislā, *žila (Russian жи́ла (žíla, “vein, tendon”), Ukrainian жи́ла (žýla), Belarusian жы́ла (žýla), Bulgarian жи́ла (žíla), Czech žíla, Polish żyła), Latin filum (< *gʷʰislom < *gʷiHleh₂) “thread, yarn, fiber, tendon, vein”.

cog

viss augs (driģene) pūkains, vainaglapas ar violetām dzīslām

the whole plant (henbane) is fluffy, with petals with violet veins

lāpu krāsa kāpostiem pelēki zaļa... lapām lielas dzīslas

the color of cabbage leaves (is) grayish-green... the leaves (have) large veins

(botany) leaf vein (part of the leaf vascular system or venation)


holesterīns

holesterīns (nominative singular)
holesterīna (genitive singular)
holesterīnam (dative singular)
holesterīnu (accusative singular)
holesterīnu (instrumental singular)
holesterīnā (locative singular)
holesterīn (singular vocative)

holesterīna līmenis

(biochemistry) cholesterol (a substance that plays an important role in many biochemical processes)


čiekurs

čiekurs (nominative singular)
čiekuri (nominative plural)
čiekura (genitive singular)
čiekuru (genitive plural)
čiekuram (dative singular)
čiekuriem (dative plural)
čiekuru (accusative singular)
čiekurus (accusative plural)
čiekuru (instrumental singular)
čiekuriem (instrumental plural)
čiekurā (locative singular)
čiekuros (locative plural)
čiekur (singular vocative)
čiekuri (plural vocative)

ciedra čiekurs

priežu, egļu čiekuri

zaļš čiekurs

lasīt čiekurus

Čiekurkalns

(botany) conifer cone (the fruit, or reproductive organ, of a conifer tree)


elektronmikroskops

elektronmikroskops (nominative singular)
elektronmikroskopi (nominative plural)
elektronmikroskopa (genitive singular)
elektronmikroskopu (genitive plural)
elektronmikroskopam (dative singular)
elektronmikroskopiem (dative plural)
elektronmikroskopu (accusative singular)
elektronmikroskopus (accusative plural)
elektronmikroskopu (instrumental singular)
elektronmikroskopiem (instrumental plural)
elektronmikroskopā (locative singular)
elektronmikroskopos (locative plural)
elektronmikroskop (singular vocative)
elektronmikroskopi (plural vocative)
elektronu mikroskops (alternative)

From elektrons (“electron”) + mikroskops (“microscope”).


mušmire

mušmire (nominative singular)
mušmires (nominative plural)
mušmires (genitive singular)
mušmiru (genitive plural)
mušmirei (dative singular)
mušmirēm (dative plural)
mušmiri (accusative singular)
mušmires (accusative plural)
mušmiri (instrumental singular)
mušmirēm (instrumental plural)
mušmirē (locative singular)
mušmirēs (locative plural)
mušmire (singular vocative)
mušmires (plural vocative)

(mycology) several species of (usually poisonous) mushrooms (gen. Amanita)


bālā mušmire

bālā mušmire (nominative singular)
bālās mušmires (nominative plural)
bālās mušmires (genitive singular)
bālo mušmiru (genitive plural)
bālajai mušmirei (dative singular)
bālajām mušmirēm (dative plural)
bālo mušmiri (accusative singular)
bālās mušmires (accusative plural)
bālo mušmiri (instrumental singular)
bālajām mušmirēm (instrumental plural)
bālajā mušmirē (locative singular)
bālajās mušmirēs (locative plural)
bālo mušmire (singular vocative)
bālā mušmire (singular vocative)
bālās mušmires (plural vocative)

Amanita citrina
Wikispecies:Amanita citrina

Amanita phalloides
Amanita phalloides#Translingual

(mycology) false death cap (a mushroom species with unpleasant taste, Amanita citrina, previously Amanita mappa; it is physically similar to the deadly poisonous death cap, Amanita phalloides)


violetbrūnā mušmire

violetbrūnā mušmire (nominative singular)
violetbrūnās mušmires (nominative plural)
violetbrūnās mušmires (genitive singular)
violetbrūno mušmiru (genitive plural)
violetbrūnajai mušmirei (dative singular)
violetbrūnajām mušmirēm (dative plural)
violetbrūno mušmiri (accusative singular)
violetbrūnās mušmires (accusative plural)
violetbrūno mušmiri (instrumental singular)
violetbrūnajām mušmirēm (instrumental plural)
violetbrūnajā mušmirē (locative singular)
violetbrūnajās mušmirēs (locative plural)
violetbrūno mušmire (singular vocative)
violetbrūnā mušmire (singular vocative)
violetbrūnās mušmires (plural vocative)
sarkanbrūnā mušmire (alternative)

From violets (“violet”) + brūns (“brown”) with mušmire.

(mycology) gray veiled amanita (inedible mushroom species, Amanita porphyria)


bārkstainā mušmire

bārkstainā mušmire (nominative singular)
bārkstainās mušmires (nominative plural)
bārkstainās mušmires (genitive singular)
bārkstaino mušmiru (genitive plural)
bārkstainajai mušmirei (dative singular)
bārkstainajām mušmirēm (dative plural)
bārkstaino mušmiri (accusative singular)
bārkstainās mušmires (accusative plural)
bārkstaino mušmiri (instrumental singular)
bārkstainajām mušmirēm (instrumental plural)
bārkstainajā mušmirē (locative singular)
bārkstainajās mušmirēs (locative plural)
bārkstaino mušmire (singular vocative)
bārkstainā mušmire (singular vocative)
bārkstainās mušmires (plural vocative)

Amanita strobiliformis
Wikispecies:Amanita strobiliformis

(mycology) inedible mushroom species (Amanita strobiliformis)


baltā mušmire

baltā mušmire (nominative singular)
baltās mušmires (nominative plural)
baltās mušmires (genitive singular)
balto mušmiru (genitive plural)
baltajai mušmirei (dative singular)
baltajām mušmirēm (dative plural)
balto mušmiri (accusative singular)
baltās mušmires (accusative plural)
balto mušmiri (instrumental singular)
baltajām mušmirēm (instrumental plural)
baltajā mušmirē (locative singular)
baltajās mušmirēs (locative plural)
balto mušmire (singular vocative)
baltā mušmire (singular vocative)
baltās mušmires (plural vocative)

Amanita virosa
Amanita virosa#Translingual

(mycology) European destroying angel (inedible mushroom species, deadly poisonous, Amanita virosa)


zaļā mušmire

zaļā mušmire (nominative singular)
zaļās mušmires (nominative plural)
zaļās mušmires (genitive singular)
zaļo mušmiru (genitive plural)
zaļajai mušmirei (dative singular)
zaļajām mušmirēm (dative plural)
zaļo mušmiri (accusative singular)
zaļās mušmires (accusative plural)
zaļo mušmiri (instrumental singular)
zaļajām mušmirēm (instrumental plural)
zaļajā mušmirē (locative singular)
zaļajās mušmirēs (locative plural)
zaļo mušmire (singular vocative)
zaļā mušmire (singular vocative)
zaļās mušmires (plural vocative)
nāves cepurīte (alternative)

(mycology) death cap (a deadly poisonous mushroom species, Amanita phalloides)


cepurīte

cepurīte (nominative singular)
cepurītes (nominative plural)
cepurītes (genitive singular)
cepurīšu (genitive plural)
cepurītei (dative singular)
cepurītēm (dative plural)
cepurīti (accusative singular)
cepurītes (accusative plural)
cepurīti (instrumental singular)
cepurītēm (instrumental plural)
cepurītē (locative singular)
cepurītēs (locative plural)
cepurīte (singular vocative)
cepurītes (plural vocative)

sēnes cepurīte


bruņas

bruņas (nominative plural)
bruņu (genitive plural)
bruņām (dative plural)
bruņas (accusative plural)
bruņām (instrumental plural)
bruņās (locative plural)
bruņas (plural vocative)

Together with its Old Prussian cognate brunyos, an early borrowing either from Gothic 𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌾𐍉 (brunjō, “breastplate”) or from Old High German brunja (“breastplate”) (compare German Brünne (“coat of mail, mail shirt”)), either directly, or via a Slavic language (compare Old Church Slavonic брънѩ (brŭnję), Russian броня́ (bronjá, “armor, breastplate”)).

cog

kaula bruņas

bruņurupuča bruņas

(zoology) protective layer or shell on animals, often made of bone or horn


pelēkā mušmire

pelēkā mušmire (nominative singular)
pelēkās mušmires (nominative plural)
pelēkās mušmires (genitive singular)
pelēko mušmiru (genitive plural)
pelēkajai mušmirei (dative singular)
pelēkajām mušmirēm (dative plural)
pelēko mušmiri (accusative singular)
pelēkās mušmires (accusative plural)
pelēko mušmiri (instrumental singular)
pelēkajām mušmirēm (instrumental plural)
pelēkajā mušmirē (locative singular)
pelēkajās mušmirēs (locative plural)
pelēko mušmire (singular vocative)
pelēkā mušmire (singular vocative)
pelēkās mušmires (plural vocative)

(mycology) poisonous mushroom species (Amanita excelsa var. spissa)


pērļainā mušmire

pērļainā mušmire (nominative singular)
pērļainās mušmires (nominative plural)
pērļainās mušmires (genitive singular)
pērļaino mušmiru (genitive plural)
pērļainajai mušmirei (dative singular)
pērļainajām mušmirēm (dative plural)
pērļaino mušmiri (accusative singular)
pērļainās mušmires (accusative plural)
pērļaino mušmiri (instrumental singular)
pērļainajām mušmirēm (instrumental plural)
pērļainajā mušmirē (locative singular)
pērļainajās mušmirēs (locative plural)
pērļaino mušmire (singular vocative)
pērļainā mušmire (singular vocative)
pērļainās mušmires (plural vocative)

(mycology) blusher (edible mushroom species, Amanita rubescens)


panteru mušmire

panteru mušmire (nominative singular)
panteru mušmires (nominative plural)
panteru mušmires (genitive singular)
panteru mušmiru (genitive plural)
panteru mušmirei (dative singular)
panteru mušmirēm (dative plural)
panteru mušmiri (accusative singular)
panteru mušmires (accusative plural)
panteru mušmiri (instrumental singular)
panteru mušmirēm (instrumental plural)
panteru mušmirē (locative singular)
panteru mušmirēs (locative plural)
panteru mušmire (singular vocative)
panteru mušmires (plural vocative)

Amanita pantherina
Amanita pantherina#Translingual

(mycology) poisonous mushroom species (Amanita pantherina)


spārns

spārns (nominative singular)
spārni (nominative plural)
spārna (genitive singular)
spārnu (genitive plural)
spārnam (dative singular)
spārniem (dative plural)
spārnu (accusative singular)
spārnus (accusative plural)
spārnu (instrumental singular)
spārniem (instrumental plural)
spārnā (locative singular)
spārnos (locative plural)
spārn (singular vocative)
spārni (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *sparnas (with lengthening of the *a), from Proto-Indo-European *sper-no- (“wing”), from the stem *per-, *sper- (with s-mobile; or else the /s/ may result from the influence of the stem *sper- (“to twitch, to flicker”)), perhaps meaning originally “over (away from)”, then “carry (away)”, “fly (away)”. Cognates include Lithuanian spar̃nas, Old Church Slavonic перо (pero, “feather”), Russian перо́ (peró), Ukrainian перо́ (peró), Bulgarian перо́ (peró), Upper Sorbian pjero, German Farn, English fern, Hittite [script needed] (partau̯ar, “feather”), Sanskrit पर्ण (parṇá, “feather; leaf”).

putna, tauriņa, sienāža spārns

a bird's, butterfly's, grasshopper's wing

izplest spārnus

sakļaust spārnus

spārnu vēzieni

(anatomy, of birds, insects, bats) wing (one of a pair of flight organs)


pāksts

pāksts (nominative singular)
pākstis (nominative plural)
pāksts (genitive singular)
pākšu (genitive plural)
pākstij (dative singular)
pākstīm (dative plural)
pāksti (accusative singular)
pākstis (accusative plural)
pāksti (instrumental singular)
pākstīm (instrumental plural)
pākstī (locative singular)
pākstīs (locative plural)
pāksts (singular vocative)
pākstis (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *pāš-, from the same stem as paksis (“corner junction”): Proto-Indo-European *paḱ- (“to link, to strengthen; joining, connection”). In Latvian, an original *pās- lead to *pāstis (with an extra suffix -t), from which pākstis with an epenthetic k. Semantic evolution: “joint, connection” > “elongated seed cover with two connecting edges” > “dry fruit that opens along lengthwise cracks.” An etymological connection with Russian пасть (pastʹ, “(animal) maw”) has been suggested.

der

sojas, zirņu, piparu pāksts

izlobīt pupas no pākstīm

vārīt pupas ar visām pākstīm

(botany) pod (a seed case for peas, beans, peppers, etc.)


aktīvs

head

aktīvs (definite aktīvais, comparative aktīvāks, superlative visaktīvākais, adverb aktīvi)

aktīvais (definite)
aktīvāks (comparative)
visaktīvākais (superlative)
aktīvi (adverb)
aktīvs (masculine nominative singular)
aktīvi (masculine nominative plural)
aktīva (feminine nominative singular)
aktīvas (feminine nominative plural)
aktīva (genitive masculine singular)
aktīvu (genitive masculine plural)
aktīvas (feminine genitive singular)
aktīvu (feminine genitive plural)
aktīvam (dative masculine singular)
aktīviem (dative masculine plural)
aktīvai (dative feminine singular)
aktīvām (dative feminine plural)
aktīvu (accusative masculine singular)
aktīvus (accusative masculine plural)
aktīvu (accusative feminine singular)
aktīvas (accusative feminine plural)
aktīvu (instrumental masculine singular)
aktīviem (instrumental masculine plural)
aktīvu (feminine instrumental singular)
aktīvām (feminine instrumental plural)
aktīvā (locative masculine singular)
aktīvos (locative masculine plural)
aktīvā (feminine locative singular)
aktīvās (feminine locative plural)
aktīvais (masculine nominative singular)
aktīvie (masculine nominative plural)
aktīvā (feminine nominative singular)
aktīvās (feminine nominative plural)
aktīvā (genitive masculine singular)
aktīvo (genitive masculine plural)
aktīvās (feminine genitive singular)
aktīvo (feminine genitive plural)
aktīvajam (dative masculine singular)
aktīvajiem (dative masculine plural)
aktīvajai (dative feminine singular)
aktīvajām (dative feminine plural)
aktīvo (accusative masculine singular)
aktīvos (accusative masculine plural)
aktīvo (accusative feminine singular)
aktīvās (accusative feminine plural)
aktīvo (instrumental masculine singular)
aktīvajiem (instrumental masculine plural)
aktīvo (feminine instrumental singular)
aktīvajām (feminine instrumental plural)
aktīvajā (locative masculine singular)
aktīvajos (locative masculine plural)
aktīvajā (feminine locative singular)
aktīvajās (feminine locative plural)
aktīvo (masculine singular vocative)
aktīvais (masculine singular vocative)
aktīvie (masculine plural vocative)
aktīvo (feminine singular vocative)
aktīvā (feminine singular vocative)
aktīvās (feminine plural vocative)

Borrowed from Latin activus indirectly through some other European language.

aktīva viela

fizioloģiski aktīvs

aktīvā zona

aktīvā ogle

(chemistry, physics, biology) active (capable of reacting; having an effect on something; in which some process happens)


sencis

lv-noun

sencis m (2nd declension, feminine form: sence)

sence (feminine)
sencis (nominative singular)
senči (nominative plural)
senča (genitive singular)
senču (genitive plural)
sencim (dative singular)
senčiem (dative plural)
senci (accusative singular)
senčus (accusative plural)
senci (instrumental singular)
senčiem (instrumental plural)
sencī (locative singular)
senčos (locative plural)
senci (singular vocative)
senči (plural vocative)

From sens (“ancient”), made into a 2nd-declension noun. The c suggests a dialectal origin, from those dialects where ns > nc. Alternatively, it may have come from an earlier *sentis, via genitive *senša > senča. There may have been influence from the c in vecis (“old man”).

zirga sencis

putnu senči

(paleontology) ancestor (species of plants or animals from an earlier time period, from which modern species have evolved)


pasīvs

head

pasīvs (definite pasīvais, comparative pasīvāks, superlative vispasīvākais, adverb pasīvi)

pasīvais (definite)
pasīvāks (comparative)
vispasīvākais (superlative)
pasīvi (adverb)
pasīvs (masculine nominative singular)
pasīvi (masculine nominative plural)
pasīva (feminine nominative singular)
pasīvas (feminine nominative plural)
pasīva (genitive masculine singular)
pasīvu (genitive masculine plural)
pasīvas (feminine genitive singular)
pasīvu (feminine genitive plural)
pasīvam (dative masculine singular)
pasīviem (dative masculine plural)
pasīvai (dative feminine singular)
pasīvām (dative feminine plural)
pasīvu (accusative masculine singular)
pasīvus (accusative masculine plural)
pasīvu (accusative feminine singular)
pasīvas (accusative feminine plural)
pasīvu (instrumental masculine singular)
pasīviem (instrumental masculine plural)
pasīvu (feminine instrumental singular)
pasīvām (feminine instrumental plural)
pasīvā (locative masculine singular)
pasīvos (locative masculine plural)
pasīvā (feminine locative singular)
pasīvās (feminine locative plural)
pasīvais (masculine nominative singular)
pasīvie (masculine nominative plural)
pasīvā (feminine nominative singular)
pasīvās (feminine nominative plural)
pasīvā (genitive masculine singular)
pasīvo (genitive masculine plural)
pasīvās (feminine genitive singular)
pasīvo (feminine genitive plural)
pasīvajam (dative masculine singular)
pasīvajiem (dative masculine plural)
pasīvajai (dative feminine singular)
pasīvajām (dative feminine plural)
pasīvo (accusative masculine singular)
pasīvos (accusative masculine plural)
pasīvo (accusative feminine singular)
pasīvās (accusative feminine plural)
pasīvo (instrumental masculine singular)
pasīvajiem (instrumental masculine plural)
pasīvo (feminine instrumental singular)
pasīvajām (feminine instrumental plural)
pasīvajā (locative masculine singular)
pasīvajos (locative masculine plural)
pasīvajā (feminine locative singular)
pasīvajās (feminine locative plural)
pasīvo (masculine singular vocative)
pasīvais (masculine singular vocative)
pasīvie (masculine plural vocative)
pasīvo (feminine singular vocative)
pasīvā (feminine singular vocative)
pasīvās (feminine plural vocative)

Borrowed from Latin passivus, probably via some other European language, adapted to fit Latvian patterns ( + -īvs).

pasīvs savienojums

pasīva viela

pasīvais ūdens

pasīvā antena

fizioloģiski pasīvs

(physics, chemistry, biology) passive (which cannot react or work, which cannot have effects)


vecāki

vecāki (nominative plural)
vecāku (genitive plural)
vecākiem (dative plural)
vecākus (accusative plural)
vecākiem (instrumental plural)
vecākos (locative plural)
vecāki (plural vocative)

The term vecāki (“parents”) constitutes a nominalized use of the comparative plural form of the adjective vecs (“old”) and a calque of German Eltern (“parents”). In previous centuries it was also used in the sense of “ancient ones,” “ancestors,” “elders,” “wise ones;” in the 20th century, its meaning had become restricted to “parents.” Previously, combinations like tēvs un māte “father and mother” or tēvs māmiņa (lit. “father-mommy”).

jaunie organismi atšķiras no vecākiem

young, new organisms differ from (their) parents

bedzimumvairošanās procesā piedalās tikai viens vecāku organisms, no kura somatiskajām šūnām vai atsevišķām daļām veidojas divi vai vairāki jauni organismi

in the process of asexual reproduction, only one parental organism participates, from whose somatic cells or separate parts two or more new organisms are formed

(biology) parent, parental (an organism which has created other organisms)


nākt

nākt (intransitive, 1st conjugation, present nāku, nāc, nāk, past nācu)

conjugation (first-person)
nāku (present)
nāc (present)
nāk (present)
nācu (past)
es (first-person indicative singular)
nāku (first-person indicative present singular)
nācu (first-person indicative past singular)
nākšu (first-person future indicative singular)
tu (indicative second-person singular)
nāc (indicative present second-person singular)
nāci (indicative past second-person singular)
nāksi (future indicative second-person singular)
nāc (imperative second-person singular)
viņš (indicative singular third-person)
viņa (indicative singular third-person)
nāk (indicative present singular third-person)
nāca (indicative past singular third-person)
nāks (future indicative singular third-person)
lai nāk (imperative singular third-person)
mēs (first-person indicative plural)
nākam (first-person indicative plural present)
nācām (first-person indicative past plural)
nāksim (first-person future indicative plural)
nāksim (first-person imperative plural)
jūs (indicative plural second-person)
nākat (indicative plural present second-person)
nācāt (indicative past plural second-person)
nāksiet (future indicative plural second-person)
nāksit (future indicative plural second-person)
nāciet (imperative plural second-person)
viņi (indicative plural third-person)
viņas (indicative plural third-person)
nāk (indicative plural present third-person)
nāca (indicative past plural third-person)
nāks (future indicative plural third-person)
lai nāk (imperative plural third-person)
nākot (present renarrative)
nākošs (participle)
esot nācis (past renarrative)
nākdams (participle)
nākšot (future renarrative)
nākot (participle)
lai nākot (imperative)
nākam (participle)
nācis (active conditional participle past)
nāktu (conditional present)
nākams (participle)
būtu nācis (conditional past)
nākts (participle passive past)
jānāk (debitive indicative)
būt jānāk (debitive indicative)
nākt (infinitive)
esot jānāk (conditional debitive)
nenākt
jānākot (conditional debitive)
nākšana (noun-from-verb)

Akin with Lithuanian nókti (“to become ready, ripe, (dial.) to go, to follow, to chase, to compete”). The source of this Baltic word is unclear. One suggestion is that it might be related to Gothic 𐌽𐌴𐍈 (nēƕ, “near, close”), Old High German nāh, German nah. If this suggestion is correct, then the original meaning of nākt would be “to approach, to come closer.”

cog

laši nāk nārstot upēs

pirms vēl sniegs bija sācis kust, nāca sīki gāju putni

before the snow had started to melt, little migratory birds came

(of birds, fish) to come (to fly, to swim to here)


toksisks

head

toksisks (definite toksiskais, comparative toksiskāks, superlative vistoksiskākais, adverb toksiski)

toksiskais (definite)
toksiskāks (comparative)
vistoksiskākais (superlative)
toksiski (adverb)
toksisks (masculine nominative singular)
toksiski (masculine nominative plural)
toksiska (feminine nominative singular)
toksiskas (feminine nominative plural)
toksiska (genitive masculine singular)
toksisku (genitive masculine plural)
toksiskas (feminine genitive singular)
toksisku (feminine genitive plural)
toksiskam (dative masculine singular)
toksiskiem (dative masculine plural)
toksiskai (dative feminine singular)
toksiskām (dative feminine plural)
toksisku (accusative masculine singular)
toksiskus (accusative masculine plural)
toksisku (accusative feminine singular)
toksiskas (accusative feminine plural)
toksisku (instrumental masculine singular)
toksiskiem (instrumental masculine plural)
toksisku (feminine instrumental singular)
toksiskām (feminine instrumental plural)
toksiskā (locative masculine singular)
toksiskos (locative masculine plural)
toksiskā (feminine locative singular)
toksiskās (feminine locative plural)
toksiskais (masculine nominative singular)
toksiskie (masculine nominative plural)
toksiskā (feminine nominative singular)
toksiskās (feminine nominative plural)
toksiskā (genitive masculine singular)
toksisko (genitive masculine plural)
toksiskās (feminine genitive singular)
toksisko (feminine genitive plural)
toksiskajam (dative masculine singular)
toksiskajiem (dative masculine plural)
toksiskajai (dative feminine singular)
toksiskajām (dative feminine plural)
toksisko (accusative masculine singular)
toksiskos (accusative masculine plural)
toksisko (accusative feminine singular)
toksiskās (accusative feminine plural)
toksisko (instrumental masculine singular)
toksiskajiem (instrumental masculine plural)
toksisko (feminine instrumental singular)
toksiskajām (feminine instrumental plural)
toksiskajā (locative masculine singular)
toksiskajos (locative masculine plural)
toksiskajā (feminine locative singular)
toksiskajās (feminine locative plural)
toksisko (masculine singular vocative)
toksiskais (masculine singular vocative)
toksiskie (masculine plural vocative)
toksisko (feminine singular vocative)
toksiskā (feminine singular vocative)
toksiskās (feminine plural vocative)

Via some other European language, ultimately from Late Latin toxicus (“poisoned”), from Latin toxicum (“poison”), from Ancient Greek τοξικόν (toxikón) φάρμακον (phármakon, “poison for use on arrows”), from τόξον (tóxon, “bow”).

toksisks šķīdinātājs

toksiskas vielas

toksiskais (bakterioloģiskais, bioloģiskais) ierocis

toxic (bacteriological, biological) weapons

ja izlīst benzīns, augsne šai vietā ir toksiska septiņus gadus

if the petroleum spills, the soil at this site is (= will be) toxic (for) seven years

(biology) toxic, poisonous (having harmful effects on the organism)


toksiskums

toksiskums (nominative singular)
toksiskuma (genitive singular)
toksiskumam (dative singular)
toksiskumu (accusative singular)
toksiskumu (instrumental singular)
toksiskumā (locative singular)
toksiskum (singular vocative)

gaisa toksiskums var palielināties

lai cik nekaitīgi būtu modernie narkozes līdzekļi, tiem zināms toksiskums tomēr ir

no matter how harmless modern anaesthetics may be, they are known to have some toxicity


dzimta

dzimta (nominative singular)
dzimtas (nominative plural)
dzimtas (genitive singular)
dzimtu (genitive plural)
dzimtai (dative singular)
dzimtām (dative plural)
dzimtu (accusative singular)
dzimtas (accusative plural)
dzimtu (instrumental singular)
dzimtām (instrumental plural)
dzimtā (locative singular)
dzimtās (locative plural)
dzimta (singular vocative)
dzimtas (plural vocative)

From the same stem as dzimt (“to be born”) + -a.

pīļu dzimta

vilki, lapsas, polārlapsas un citi suņu dzimtas plēsoņas dzīvo apmēram 16 gadus

wolves, foxes, arctic foxes and other canid (Canidae, lit. dog family) predators live about 16 years

rozes pieder pie rožu dzimtas un ieņem izcilu vietu starp citām puķēm

the roses belong to the Rosaceae (lit. rose family) and take an outstanding place among other flowers

(biology, taxonomy) family (a group of genera)


dzinums

dzinums (nominative singular)
dzinumi (nominative plural)
dzinuma (genitive singular)
dzinumu (genitive plural)
dzinumam (dative singular)
dzinumiem (dative plural)
dzinumu (accusative singular)
dzinumus (accusative plural)
dzinumu (instrumental singular)
dzinumiem (instrumental plural)
dzinumā (locative singular)
dzinumos (locative plural)
dzinum (singular vocative)
dzinumi (plural vocative)

From dzīt (past stem: dzin-) (“to drive; to shoot”) + -ums.

suffix

jauns dzinums

kartupeļu dzinumi

alveju dzinumi

virszemes dzinumi

apakšzemes dzinumi

egļu zaru galos maigā zaļumā vizēja šā gada mīkstie dzinumi

at the ends of the fir branches this year's soft shoots glistened in soft greenness

no Latvijas savvaļas rozēm izplatītākā ir rudā roze, ar rudi sarkaniem dzinumiem

among Latvia's wild roses the most widespread is the red rose, with brownish red shoots

(botany) sprout, shoot (budding growth typical of a certain time period)


ģints

ģints (nominative singular)
ģintis (nominative plural)
ģints (genitive singular)
ģinšu (genitive plural)
ģintij (dative singular)
ģintīm (dative plural)
ģinti (accusative singular)
ģintis (accusative plural)
ģinti (instrumental singular)
ģintīm (instrumental plural)
ģintī (locative singular)
ģintīs (locative plural)
ģints (singular vocative)
ģintis (plural vocative)

Traditionally considered borrowed from Lithuanian genti̇̀s (“family, kin group, clan, tribe; relative”). But the Lithuanian form has en instead of in; in occurs only in some Eastern Lithuanian dialects. Also, in the 17th century, Latvian forms with in are attested in Semigallia (Zemgale), agreeing with the [in] in Old Prussian gyntos (“men, husbands”); it may therefore be that ģints was originally not a borrowing but an old Curonian word which later spread from Western Latvia to Semigallia. Note that older Semigallian dialects sometimes conserved initial ģ (> dz in standard Latvian): cf. place names like Ģintumi or Ģinuļi. If this is the case, then ģints, like Lithuanian genti̇̀s, reflects Proto-Indo-European *ǵen- (< *ǵenh₁-) “to create,” “to give birth” (via an unaltered Proto-Baltic *gint-, where the initial g, instead of ž, results from either the influence of the related stem *gʷem-, whence also dzemdēt “to give birth,” or from conservative dialectal variants).

bor

dzimtas iedala ģintīs... zaķu dzimtā ir divas ģintis: trušu ģints un zaķu ġints

families are divided into genera... in the hare family (Leporidae) there are two genera: the rabbit genus (Oryctolagus) and the hare genus (Lepus)

zemeņu ģintī izšķiram dārza zemeņu, meža zemeņu un spradzeņu sugas

in the strawberry genus we distinguish the garden strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa), the woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) and the spradzene (Fragaria viridis) species

(biology, taxonomy) genus (a group of species)


ņemt

head

ņemt (transitive, 1st conjugation, present ņemu, ņem, ņem, past ņēmu)

conjugation (first-person)
ņemu (present)
ņem (present)
ņēmu (past)
es (first-person indicative singular)
ņemu (first-person indicative present singular)
ņēmu (first-person indicative past singular)
ņemšu (first-person future indicative singular)
tu (indicative second-person singular)
ņem (indicative present second-person singular)
ņēmi (indicative past second-person singular)
ņemsi (future indicative second-person singular)
ņem (imperative second-person singular)
viņš (indicative singular third-person)
viņa (indicative singular third-person)
ņem (indicative present singular third-person)
ņēma (indicative past singular third-person)
ņems (future indicative singular third-person)
lai ņem (imperative singular third-person)
mēs (first-person indicative plural)
ņemam (first-person indicative plural present)
ņēmām (first-person indicative past plural)
ņemsim (first-person future indicative plural)
ņemsim (first-person imperative plural)
jūs (indicative plural second-person)
ņemat (indicative plural present second-person)
ņēmāt (indicative past plural second-person)
ņemsiet (future indicative plural second-person)
ņemsit (future indicative plural second-person)
ņemiet (imperative plural second-person)
viņi (indicative plural third-person)
viņas (indicative plural third-person)
ņem (indicative plural present third-person)
ņēma (indicative past plural third-person)
ņems (future indicative plural third-person)
lai ņem (imperative plural third-person)
ņemot (present renarrative)
ņemošs (participle)
esot ņēmis (past renarrative)
ņemdams (participle)
ņemšot (future renarrative)
ņemot (participle)
lai ņemot (imperative)
ņemam (participle)
ņēmis (active conditional participle past)
ņemtu (conditional present)
ņemams (participle)
būtu ņēmis (conditional past)
ņemts (participle passive past)
jāņem (debitive indicative)
būt jāņem (debitive indicative)
ņemt (infinitive)
esot jāņem (conditional debitive)
neņemt
jāņemot (conditional debitive)
ņemšana (noun-from-verb)

From the convergence of two dialectal forms, nemt and jemt, from Proto-Baltic *nem-, *yem-, two parallel forms ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₁em-, *h₁m̥- (“to take”).
The reason for the existence of two parallel forms is unclear. There are several hypotheses: two independent stems that merged in pre-Proto-Indo-European; irregular palatalization of an original n- to y-, an irregular perfect form ni-em that became an independent word; derivation with (e)n- “in”, etc.
Cognates include (from the full form *h₁em-) Latin emō (“to buy, to acquire”); Old Irish arfo-emet (“they take”); (from the reduced form *h₁m̥-:) Lithuanian im̃ti (via Proto-Baltic *imtei), present imù, past ėmiaũ, dialectally present also jemù, emù, jamù, imiù, past imiaũ, jėmiaũ; Old Prussian imt, Sudovian emt (maybe *jemt?); Proto-Slavic *ęti, first person singular present *jьmǫ (Old Church Slavonic ѩти (jęti), first person singular present имѫ (imǫ), Russian dialectal ять (jatʹ), standard взять (vzjatʹ, “to take”), Ukrainian я́ти (játy, “to begin”), Czech jmout (“to grab, to begin”), Polish jąć (“to grab, to take”)); (with an initial n-:), Gothic 𐌽𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽 (niman), Old High German nēman, German nehmen, Russian dialectal нять (njatʹ) (cf. standard Russian prefixed forms like подня́ть (podnjátʹ)), Ukrainian ня́ти (njáty, “to take”), Belarusian няць (njacʹ, “to take, to grab”).

cog

labi zināms: dienas vidu līdakas neņem

(it is) well known: in the middle of the day, pikes don't bite

vasarā bija daudz zivju, bet tagad rudenī mēs braucam ar velci, un mūsu vizulīti neņem neviena pati

at the creek in summer there were many fish, but now in autumn we go with a draging pen, and not one (of the fish) takes (= bites) our little bait

(of animals, especially fish) to take, to get and eat; to bite


mezgls

mezgls (nominative singular)
mezgli (nominative plural)
mezgla (genitive singular)
mezglu (genitive plural)
mezglam (dative singular)
mezgliem (dative plural)
mezglu (accusative singular)
mezglus (accusative plural)
mezglu (instrumental singular)
mezgliem (instrumental plural)
mezglā (locative singular)
mezglos (locative plural)
mezgl (singular vocative)
mezgli (plural vocative)

Perhaps originally an adjective (“knotty”) with an extra l (there are dialectal forms without l, like mezgs “knotty”, as well as older parallel forms with a, like its Lithuanian cognate), from an earlier Proto-Baltic verb *mezg-ti “to braid, to tie in a knot” (cf. its still extant iterative form mežģīt), from Proto-Indo-European *mezg- (“to knit, to tie, to bind”), from which perhaps also mest “to throw” (q.v.). Cognates include Lithuanian mãzgas, dialectal mẽzgas, Old High German māsca, Old English max, mǣscr (“loop, stitch”), Old Norse mǫskvi (“loop, stitch”).

der

vairogdziedzera mezgli

hemoroīdu mezgli

limfātisks mezgls

nervu mezgls

kukurūzas stiebra mezgli

Labāk varēs izcirst sakņu mezglus.

It will be easier to cut the (tree) root nodes (= tight bunch of roots twisted together).

(biology, anatomy) node, nodule (a thickening of some tissue, usually round or oval; a place where many fibrous elements come together)


evolūcija

evolūcija (nominative singular)
evolūcijas (genitive singular)
evolūcijai (dative singular)
evolūciju (accusative singular)
evolūciju (instrumental singular)
evolūcijā (locative singular)
evolūcija (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin ēvolūtiō (“the act of unrolling, unfolding or opening (of a book)”), from ēvolūtus, perfect passive participle of ēvolvō (“unroll, unfold”), from ē (“out of”), short form of ex, and volvō (“roll”).

bor

bioloģiskā evolūcija

evolūcijas teorija

saprātīgo būtņu evolūcija no pirmsbioloģiskas vielas ilgst ne mazāk par vienu miljardu gadu

the evolution of sentient biengs from pre-biological substances lasts no less than one billion years

(biology) evolution (the process of gradual transformation of biological organisms via accumulated changes in their gene pool)


kauliņš

kauliņš (nominative singular)
kauliņi (nominative plural)
kauliņa (genitive singular)
kauliņu (genitive plural)
kauliņam (dative singular)
kauliņiem (dative plural)
kauliņu (accusative singular)
kauliņus (accusative plural)
kauliņu (instrumental singular)
kauliņiem (instrumental plural)
kauliņā (locative singular)
kauliņos (locative plural)
kauliņ (singular vocative)
kauliņi (plural vocative)


kārta

kārta (nominative singular)
kārtas (nominative plural)
kārtas (genitive singular)
kārtu (genitive plural)
kārtai (dative singular)
kārtām (dative plural)
kārtu (accusative singular)
kārtas (accusative plural)
kārtu (instrumental singular)
kārtām (instrumental plural)
kārtā (locative singular)
kārtās (locative plural)
kārta (singular vocative)
kārtas (plural vocative)


alēle

alēle (nominative singular)
alēles (nominative plural)
alēles (genitive singular)
alēļu (genitive plural)
alēlei (dative singular)
alēlēm (dative plural)
alēli (accusative singular)
alēles (accusative plural)
alēli (instrumental singular)
alēlēm (instrumental plural)
alēlē (locative singular)
alēlēs (locative plural)
alēle (singular vocative)
alēles (plural vocative)

Originally a shortened form (cf. English allele, from allelomorph), ultimately from the Ancient Greek prefix άλληλ-, from ἄλλος (állos, “other”).

alēles ir dažādas viena gēna alternatīvas formas, kas nosaka pazīmju fenotipisko dažādību

alleles are the diverse alternative forms of a gene that determine variation in phenotypical characteristics

katrā hromosomā ir tikai viena attiecīgā gēna alēle

in every chromosome there is only one allele of a given gene

(genetics) allele (one of several forms of a gene, occurring in the same position within a chromosome)


adenīns

adenīns (nominative singular)
adenīni (nominative plural)
adenīna (genitive singular)
adenīnu (genitive plural)
adenīnam (dative singular)
adenīniem (dative plural)
adenīnu (accusative singular)
adenīnus (accusative plural)
adenīnu (instrumental singular)
adenīniem (instrumental plural)
adenīnā (locative singular)
adenīnos (locative plural)
adenīn (singular vocative)
adenīni (plural vocative)

Ultimately borrowed from German Adenin, itself coined on the basis of Ancient Greek ἀδήν (adḗn, “gland”).

adenīns ir viena no divām DNS un RNS nukleotīdos ietilpstosājām purīna bāzēm

adenine is one of two purine bases that compose DNA and RNA nucleotides

adenīna daudzums DNS ir vienāds ar timīna daudzumu

the amount of adenine in DNA is the same as the amount of thymine

(biochemistry, genetics) adenine (a base, C₅H₅N₅, found in certain glands and tissues, which pairs with thymine in DNA and uracil in RNA)


fotosintēze

fotosintēze (nominative singular)
fotosintēzes (nominative plural)
fotosintēzes (genitive singular)
fotosintēžu (genitive plural)
fotosintēzei (dative singular)
fotosintēzēm (dative plural)
fotosintēzi (accusative singular)
fotosintēzes (accusative plural)
fotosintēzi (instrumental singular)
fotosintēzēm (instrumental plural)
fotosintēzē (locative singular)
fotosintēzēs (locative plural)
fotosintēze (singular vocative)
fotosintēzes (plural vocative)


vienšūnis

vienšūnis (nominative singular)
vienšūņi (nominative plural)
vienšūņa (genitive singular)
vienšūņu (genitive plural)
vienšūnim (dative singular)
vienšūņiem (dative plural)
vienšūni (accusative singular)
vienšūņus (accusative plural)
vienšūni (instrumental singular)
vienšūņiem (instrumental plural)
vienšūnī (locative singular)
vienšūņos (locative plural)
vienšūni (singular vocative)
vienšūņi (plural vocative)


gēns

gēns (nominative singular)
gēni (nominative plural)
gēna (genitive singular)
gēnu (genitive plural)
gēnam (dative singular)
gēniem (dative plural)
gēnu (accusative singular)
gēnus (accusative plural)
gēnu (instrumental singular)
gēniem (instrumental plural)
gēnā (locative singular)
gēnos (locative plural)
gēns (singular vocative)
gēni (plural vocative)


tauki

tauki (nominative plural)
tauku (genitive plural)
taukiem (dative plural)
taukus (accusative plural)
taukiem (instrumental plural)
taukos (locative plural)
tauki (plural vocative)


stiebrs

stiebrs (nominative singular)
stiebri (nominative plural)
stiebra (genitive singular)
stiebru (genitive plural)
stiebram (dative singular)
stiebriem (dative plural)
stiebru (accusative singular)
stiebrus (accusative plural)
stiebru (instrumental singular)
stiebriem (instrumental plural)
stiebrā (locative singular)
stiebros (locative plural)
stiebr (singular vocative)
stiebri (plural vocative)


stumbrs

stumbrs (nominative singular)
stumbri (nominative plural)
stumbra (genitive singular)
stumbru (genitive plural)
stumbram (dative singular)
stumbriem (dative plural)
stumbru (accusative singular)
stumbrus (accusative plural)
stumbru (instrumental singular)
stumbriem (instrumental plural)
stumbrā (locative singular)
stumbros (locative plural)
stumbr (singular vocative)
stumbri (plural vocative)


konjugēt

head

konjugēt (transitive, 2nd conjugation, present konjugēju, konjugē, konjugē, past konjugēju)

conjugation (second-person)
konjugēju (present)
konjugē (present)
konjugēju (past)
es (first-person indicative singular)
konjugēju (first-person indicative present singular)
konjugēju (first-person indicative past singular)
konjugēšu (first-person future indicative singular)
tu (indicative second-person singular)
konjugē (indicative present second-person singular)
konjugēji (indicative past second-person singular)
konjugēsi (future indicative second-person singular)
konjugē (imperative second-person singular)
viņš (indicative singular third-person)
viņa (indicative singular third-person)
konjugē (indicative present singular third-person)
konjugēja (indicative past singular third-person)
konjugēs (future indicative singular third-person)
lai konjugē (imperative singular third-person)
mēs (first-person indicative plural)
konjugējam (first-person indicative plural present)
konjugējām (first-person indicative past plural)
konjugēsim (first-person future indicative plural)
konjugēsim (first-person imperative plural)
jūs (indicative plural second-person)
konjugējat (indicative plural present second-person)
konjugējāt (indicative past plural second-person)
konjugēsiet (future indicative plural second-person)
konjugēsit (future indicative plural second-person)
konjugējiet (imperative plural second-person)
viņi (indicative plural third-person)
viņas (indicative plural third-person)
konjugē (indicative plural present third-person)
konjugēja (indicative past plural third-person)
konjugēs (future indicative plural third-person)
lai konjugē (imperative plural third-person)
konjugējot (present renarrative)
konjugējošs (participle)
esot konjugējis (past renarrative)
konjugēdams (participle)
konjugēšot (future renarrative)
konjugējot (participle)
lai konjugējot (imperative)
konjugējam (participle)
konjugējis (active conditional participle past)
konjugētu (conditional present)
konjugējams (participle)
būtu konjugējis (conditional past)
konjugēts (participle passive past)
jākonjugē (debitive indicative)
būt jākonjugē (debitive indicative)
konjugēt (infinitive)
esot jākonjugē (conditional debitive)
nekonjugēt
jākonjugējot (conditional debitive)
konjugēšana (noun-from-verb)
konjuģēt (alternative obsolete)

(intransitive, botany) to conjugate (to engage in the sexual process in which the contents of two outwardly similar vegetative cells join)

(intransitive, zoology) to conjugate (to engage in the sexual process in which two individuals are temporarily joined by exchanging parts of their nuclei)