verbs

verbs (nominative singular)
verbi (nominative plural)
verba (genitive singular)
verbu (genitive plural)
verbam (dative singular)
verbiem (dative plural)
verbu (accusative singular)
verbus (accusative plural)
verbu (instrumental singular)
verbiem (instrumental plural)
verbā (locative singular)
verbos (locative plural)
verb (singular vocative)
verbi (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin verbum (“word”).

refleksīvie verbi

pārejošie (transitīvie) verbi

nepārejošie (intransitīvie) verbi

verba kategorijas

verba pamatformas

verba konjugācija

verbu atvasināšana

(grammar) verb (a word that indicates an action, event or state; the head of the predicate)


runa

runa (nominative singular)
runas (nominative plural)
runas (genitive singular)
runu (genitive plural)
runai (dative singular)
runām (dative plural)
runu (accusative singular)
runas (accusative plural)
runu (instrumental singular)
runām (instrumental plural)
runā (locative singular)
runās (locative plural)
runa (singular vocative)
runas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *reu-, *ru-, imitative of speech sounds (from which also Latvian rūkt (“to roar, growl, snarl”), Russian рычать (ryčatʹ, “to roar, growl, snarl”)) with a suffix *-nā. Cognates include Old Irish run, Gothic 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (rūna, “secret, mystery”) (i.e., that which is said as a secret), Old English rūn, Old Saxon rūna, Middle Low German rūne (“mysterious whisper; runic character”), Old Norse rýna (“to talk secretly”), Old English rūnian (“to whisper; to plot, conspire”), Old High German rūnēn, German raunen (“to whisper”). Latvian runa probably also meant originally “solemn speech” (maybe “mystic ritual”?); still in the 17-19th centuries it was often used to indicate some special kind of communication (e.g., runas dot “to give advice”, lit. “to give talk”, or runas diena “council meeting”, lit. “talking day”).

cog

tiešā, netiešā runa

(grammar) speech (direct or indirect presentation of someone's words)


adverbs

adverbs (nominative singular)
adverbi (nominative plural)
adverba (genitive singular)
adverbu (genitive plural)
adverbam (dative singular)
adverbiem (dative plural)
adverbu (accusative singular)
adverbus (accusative plural)
adverbu (instrumental singular)
adverbiem (instrumental plural)
adverbā (locative singular)
adverbos (locative plural)
adverb (singular vocative)
adverbi (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin adverbium.

atvasināt adverbus no adjektīviem

(grammar) adverb (a word used to modify a verb, an adjective, an adverb, a phrase or a clause)


lietvārds

lietvārds (nominative singular)
lietvārdi (nominative plural)
lietvārda (genitive singular)
lietvārdu (genitive plural)
lietvārdam (dative singular)
lietvārdiem (dative plural)
lietvārdu (accusative singular)
lietvārdus (accusative plural)
lietvārdu (instrumental singular)
lietvārdiem (instrumental plural)
lietvārdā (locative singular)
lietvārdos (locative plural)
lietvārd (singular vocative)
lietvārdi (plural vocative)

From lieta (“thing, object”) + vārds (“word”), a calque of German Dingwort coined by Juris Neikens in 1850 as lietu-vārds; after some variation (A. Stērste had lietas vārds in 1879, and also K. Mīlenbahs in 1895), J. Pārstrauts suggested the form lietvārds in 1881, which eventually became accepted as standard in the 1940s.

compound

lietvārds daudzskaitļa formā

lietvārdu celmi

lietvārda dzimte

lietvārda deklinācijas

(grammar) noun (a word used to refer to an entity, concept or idea)


pronomens

pronomens (nominative singular)
pronomeni (nominative plural)
pronomena (genitive singular)
pronomenu (genitive plural)
pronomenam (dative singular)
pronomeniem (dative plural)
pronomenu (accusative singular)
pronomenus (accusative plural)
pronomenu (instrumental singular)
pronomeniem (instrumental plural)
pronomenā (locative singular)
pronomenos (locative plural)
pronomen (singular vocative)
pronomeni (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin prōnōmen (“pronoun”).

pronomenu deklinēšana

(grammar) pronoun (a word used to refer anaphorically to a noun or noun phrase)


partikula

partikula (nominative singular)
partikulas (nominative plural)
partikulas (genitive singular)
partikulu (genitive plural)
partikulai (dative singular)
partikulām (dative plural)
partikulu (accusative singular)
partikulas (accusative plural)
partikulu (instrumental singular)
partikulām (instrumental plural)
partikulā (locative singular)
partikulās (locative plural)
partikula (singular vocative)
partikulas (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin particula (“small part, particle”), the diminutive form of pars (“part, piece”).

bor

apgalvojuma partikula

nolieguma partikula

pastriprinājuma partikula

latviešu literārajā valodā ir arī partikulas, kas ir vecs mantojums no indoeiropiešu pamatvalodas... tādas ir partikulas vis, ne, nē

in the Latvian literary language there are also particles that are old inheritances from the Indo-European protolanguage... such are the particles vis, ne, nē

(grammar) grammatical particle (a word that does not belong to any word classes but has a clear grammatical function)


particips

particips (nominative singular)
participi (nominative plural)
participa (genitive singular)
participu (genitive plural)
participam (dative singular)
participiem (dative plural)
participu (accusative singular)
participus (accusative plural)
participu (instrumental singular)
participiem (instrumental plural)
participā (locative singular)
participos (locative plural)
particip (singular vocative)
participi (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin participium (“participle”).

participu deklinēšana

(linguistics, grammar) participle (a verb form having both verbal and adjectival or adverbial properties)


laiks

laiks (nominative singular)
laiki (nominative plural)
laika (genitive singular)
laiku (genitive plural)
laikam (dative singular)
laikiem (dative plural)
laiku (accusative singular)
laikus (accusative plural)
laiku (instrumental singular)
laikiem (instrumental plural)
laikā (locative singular)
laikos (locative plural)
laik (singular vocative)
laiki (plural vocative)


nominatīvs

nominatīvs (nominative singular)
nominatīva (genitive singular)
nominatīvam (dative singular)
nominatīvu (accusative singular)
nominatīvu (instrumental singular)
nominatīvā (locative singular)
nominatīv (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately from Latin nōminātīvus.


akuzatīvs

akuzatīvs (nominative singular)
akuzatīva (genitive singular)
akuzatīvam (dative singular)
akuzatīvu (accusative singular)
akuzatīvu (instrumental singular)
akuzatīvā (locative singular)
akuzatīv (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin accūsātīvus.

akuzatīvs atbild uz jautājumu “ko?”

the accusative answers the question 'whom?'

grammatical case
grammatical case#English

(grammar) accusative case (the grammatical case that marks the direct object)


ģenitīvs

ģenitīvs (nominative singular)
ģenitīva (genitive singular)
ģenitīvam (dative singular)
ģenitīvu (accusative singular)
ģenitīvu (instrumental singular)
ģenitīvā (locative singular)
ģenitīv (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin genitīvus.


datīvs

datīvs (nominative singular)
datīva (genitive singular)
datīvam (dative singular)
datīvu (accusative singular)
datīvu (instrumental singular)
datīvā (locative singular)
datīv (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin datīvus.


instrumentālis

instrumentālis (nominative singular)
instrumentāļa (genitive singular)
instrumentālim (dative singular)
instrumentāli (accusative singular)
instrumentāli (instrumental singular)
instrumentālī (locative singular)
instrumentāli (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin instrumentālis.


lokatīvs

lokatīvs (nominative singular)
lokatīva (genitive singular)
lokatīvam (dative singular)
lokatīvu (accusative singular)
lokatīvu (instrumental singular)
lokatīvā (locative singular)
lokatīv (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin locātīvus.


vokatīvs

vokatīvs (nominative singular)
vokatīva (genitive singular)
vokatīvam (dative singular)
vokatīvu (accusative singular)
vokatīvu (instrumental singular)
vokatīvā (locative singular)
vokatīv (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin vocātīvus.


vienskaitlis

vienskaitlis (nominative singular)
vienskaitļa (genitive singular)
vienskaitlim (dative singular)
vienskaitli (accusative singular)
vienskaitli (instrumental singular)
vienskaitlī (locative singular)
vienskaitli (singular vocative)

From vien + skaitlis, a calque of German Einzahl.

Lietvārdi var būt locīti gan vienskaitlī, gan daudzskaitlī.

Nouns can be inflected both in the singular and in the plural.


daudzskaitlis

daudzskaitlis (nominative singular)
daudzskaitļa (genitive singular)
daudzskaitlim (dative singular)
daudzskaitli (accusative singular)
daudzskaitli (instrumental singular)
daudzskaitlī (locative singular)
daudzskaitli (singular vocative)

From daudz + skaitlis, a calque of German Mehrzahl.


darbības vārds

darbības vārds (nominative singular)
darbības vārdi (nominative plural)
darbības vārda (genitive singular)
darbības vārdu (genitive plural)
darbības vārdam (dative singular)
darbības vārdiem (dative plural)
darbības vārdu (accusative singular)
darbības vārdus (accusative plural)
darbības vārdu (instrumental singular)
darbības vārdiem (instrumental plural)
darbības vārdā (locative singular)
darbības vārdos (locative plural)
darbības vārd (singular vocative)
darbības vārdi (plural vocative)

Literally 'action word', apparently a calque of German Tätigkeitswort coined by Pēteris Abuls in 1902, which soon became the accepted standard instead of previous coinages, such as K. Mīlenbahs' izteiksmes vārds (“expression word”) or laika vārds (“time word”) (compare German Zeitwort), or J. Neikens' 1850 term darīšanas vārds (“making word”).

darbības vārdu locīšana

nenoteiksme (infinitīvs) ir darbības vārda pamatforma

the infinitive is the basic form of a verb


skaitlis

skaitlis (nominative singular)
skaitļi (nominative plural)
skaitļa (genitive singular)
skaitļu (genitive plural)
skaitlim (dative singular)
skaitļiem (dative plural)
skaitli (accusative singular)
skaitļus (accusative plural)
skaitli (instrumental singular)
skaitļiem (instrumental plural)
skaitlī (locative singular)
skaitļos (locative plural)
skaitli (singular vocative)
skaitļi (plural vocative)


īpašības vārds

īpašības vārds (nominative singular)
īpašības vārdi (nominative plural)
īpašības vārda (genitive singular)
īpašības vārdu (genitive plural)
īpašības vārdam (dative singular)
īpašības vārdiem (dative plural)
īpašības vārdu (accusative singular)
īpašības vārdus (accusative plural)
īpašības vārdu (instrumental singular)
īpašības vārdiem (instrumental plural)
īpašības vārdā (locative singular)
īpašības vārdos (locative plural)
īpašības vārd (singular vocative)
īpašības vārdi (plural vocative)

Literally “quality/property word,” a calque of German Eigenschaftswort coined by J. Neikens in 1850 and accepted by A. Kronvalds.

īpašības vārdi ir patstāvīgi vārdi, kas nosauc priekšmetu pazīmes

adjectives are independent words that designate the features of an object

(grammar) adjective (a word used to qualify or modify a noun)


substantīvs

substantīvs (nominative singular)
substantīvi (nominative plural)
substantīva (genitive singular)
substantīvu (genitive plural)
substantīvam (dative singular)
substantīviem (dative plural)
substantīvu (accusative singular)
substantīvus (accusative plural)
substantīvu (instrumental singular)
substantīviem (instrumental plural)
substantīvā (locative singular)
substantīvos (locative plural)
substantīv (singular vocative)
substantīvi (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin substantīvus (“substantive, self-existent”).

verbāls substantīvs


adjektīvs

adjektīvs (nominative singular)
adjektīvi (nominative plural)
adjektīva (genitive singular)
adjektīvu (genitive plural)
adjektīvam (dative singular)
adjektīviem (dative plural)
adjektīvu (accusative singular)
adjektīvus (accusative plural)
adjektīvu (instrumental singular)
adjektīviem (instrumental plural)
adjektīvā (locative singular)
adjektīvos (locative plural)
adjektīv (singular vocative)
adjektīvi (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin adiectīvus (“adjective”).

adjektīvu locīšana

adjektīvu salīdzināmās pakāpes


numerālis

numerālis (nominative singular)
numerāļi (nominative plural)
numerāļa (genitive singular)
numerāļu (genitive plural)
numerālim (dative singular)
numerāļiem (dative plural)
numerāli (accusative singular)
numerāļus (accusative plural)
numerāli (instrumental singular)
numerāļiem (instrumental plural)
numerālī (locative singular)
numerāļos (locative plural)
numerāli (singular vocative)
numerāļi (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin numerālis (“numeral”).

decimāls numerālis

adjektīva un numerāļa izveide

the formation of adjectives and numerals

numerāļu locījumu formas

(grammar) numeral (a word used to indicate a number)


prepozīcija

prepozīcija (nominative singular)
prepozīcijas (nominative plural)
prepozīcijas (genitive singular)
prepozīciju (genitive plural)
prepozīcijai (dative singular)
prepozīcijām (dative plural)
prepozīciju (accusative singular)
prepozīcijas (accusative plural)
prepozīciju (instrumental singular)
prepozīcijām (instrumental plural)
prepozīcijā (locative singular)
prepozīcijās (locative plural)
prepozīcija (singular vocative)
prepozīcijas (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin praepositiō (“preposition”).

prepozīcija ir nelokāma vārdsķira

preposition is an uninflectable word class

(grammar) preposition (a word used to build a phrase with a noun to express an adverbial notion)


konjunkcija

konjunkcija (nominative singular)
konjunkcijas (nominative plural)
konjunkcijas (genitive singular)
konjunkciju (genitive plural)
konjunkcijai (dative singular)
konjunkcijām (dative plural)
konjunkciju (accusative singular)
konjunkcijas (accusative plural)
konjunkciju (instrumental singular)
konjunkcijām (instrumental plural)
konjunkcijā (locative singular)
konjunkcijās (locative plural)
konjunkcija (singular vocative)
konjunkcijas (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin coniūnctiō (“conjunction”).

saiklis jeb konjunkcija ir vārdšķira

conjunction (saiklis) or conjunction (konjunckija) is a word class

(grammar) conjunction (a word used to join words or phrases into sentences)


interjekcija

interjekcija (nominative singular)
interjekcijas (nominative plural)
interjekcijas (genitive singular)
interjekciju (genitive plural)
interjekcijai (dative singular)
interjekcijām (dative plural)
interjekciju (accusative singular)
interjekcijas (accusative plural)
interjekciju (instrumental singular)
interjekcijām (instrumental plural)
interjekcijā (locative singular)
interjekcijās (locative plural)
interjekcija (singular vocative)
interjekcijas (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin interiectiō (“interjection”).

interjekcija ir nelokāma vārdšķira

interjection is an uninflectable word class

(grammar) interjection (a word or phrase used as an exclamation, often as an expression of emotion)


apstākļa vārds

apstākļa vārds (nominative singular)
apstākļa vārdi (nominative plural)
apstākļa vārda (genitive singular)
apstākļa vārdu (genitive plural)
apstākļa vārdam (dative singular)
apstākļa vārdiem (dative plural)
apstākļa vārdu (accusative singular)
apstākļa vārdus (accusative plural)
apstākļa vārdu (instrumental singular)
apstākļa vārdiem (instrumental plural)
apstākļa vārdā (locative singular)
apstākļa vārdos (locative plural)
apstākļa vārd (singular vocative)
apstākļa vārdi (plural vocative)

Literally “circumstance word,” a calque of German Umstandswort coined by Andrejs Stērste in 1879.

apstākļa vārdu lietojums teikumā

apstākļa vārdu grupas

(grammar, linguistics) adverb (a word used to modify a verb, an adjective, an adverb, a phrase or a clause)


vietniekvārds

vietniekvārds (nominative singular)
vietniekvārdi (nominative plural)
vietniekvārda (genitive singular)
vietniekvārdu (genitive plural)
vietniekvārdam (dative singular)
vietniekvārdiem (dative plural)
vietniekvārdu (accusative singular)
vietniekvārdus (accusative plural)
vietniekvārdu (instrumental singular)
vietniekvārdiem (instrumental plural)
vietniekvārdā (locative singular)
vietniekvārdos (locative plural)
vietniekvārd (singular vocative)
vietniekvārdi (plural vocative)

From vietnieks (“replacement”) + vārds (“word”). A neologism coined by Juris Neikens as vietnieku vārds in 1850. The compound form originated and found wide acceptance in the 1930s.

compound

vietniekvārdu locīšana

nenoteiktie vietniekvārdi

jautājamie vietniekvārdi

norādāmie vietniekvārdi

personas vietniekvārds

piederības vietniekvārds

attieksmes, relatīvais vietniekvārds

vietniekvārdi pieder pie tām vārdu šķirām, kas ir aktīvas dažāda tipa tekstu veidošanas procesā

pronouns belong to those word classes which are active in different types of text-making processes


skaitļa vārds

skaitļa vārds (nominative singular)
skaitļa vārdi (nominative plural)
skaitļa vārda (genitive singular)
skaitļa vārdu (genitive plural)
skaitļa vārdam (dative singular)
skaitļa vārdiem (dative plural)
skaitļa vārdu (accusative singular)
skaitļa vārdus (accusative plural)
skaitļa vārdu (instrumental singular)
skaitļa vārdiem (instrumental plural)
skaitļa vārdā (locative singular)
skaitļa vārdos (locative plural)
skaitļa vārd (singular vocative)
skaitļa vārdi (plural vocative)

Literally “number word,” a calque of German Zahlwort coined by Juris Neikens in 1850 as skaitļa vārdiņš; later changed by Andrejs Stērste to skaitļa vārds, which became the standard form.

pamata skaitļa vārdi

kārtas skaitļa vārdi

skaitļa vārdu deklinācija


prievārds

prievārds (nominative singular)
prievārdi (nominative plural)
prievārda (genitive singular)
prievārdu (genitive plural)
prievārdam (dative singular)
prievārdiem (dative plural)
prievārdu (accusative singular)
prievārdus (accusative plural)
prievārdu (instrumental singular)
prievārdiem (instrumental plural)
prievārdā (locative singular)
prievārdos (locative plural)
prievārd (singular vocative)
prievārdi (plural vocative)

A new word, coined in the 1940s (mentioned in the 1942 Latvian Orthographic Dictionary, Latviešu Valodas Pareizrakstības Vārdnīca) to replace the previous expression satiksmes vārds (lit. “joining word”), from prie- (“front”) + vārds (“word”).

vairums mūsdienu latviešu literārajā valodā lietojamo prievārdu ir senas cilmes... tādi, piemēram, ir aiz, ap, ar, no, pa, pie, uz

most prepositions in use in the modern Latvian literary language are of old origin... such, for instance, are aiz, ap, ar, no, pa, pie, uz


izsauksmes vārds

izsauksmes vārds (nominative singular)
izsauksmes vārdi (nominative plural)
izsauksmes vārda (genitive singular)
izsauksmes vārdu (genitive plural)
izsauksmes vārdam (dative singular)
izsauksmes vārdiem (dative plural)
izsauksmes vārdu (accusative singular)
izsauksmes vārdus (accusative plural)
izsauksmes vārdu (instrumental singular)
izsauksmes vārdiem (instrumental plural)
izsauksmes vārdā (locative singular)
izsauksmes vārdos (locative plural)
izsauksmes vārd (singular vocative)
izsauksmes vārdi (plural vocative)

izsauksmes vārdi ir skaniski signāli, kas vēstī par psihiskiem stāvokļiem

interjections are sound signals that tell about mental states


saiklis

saiklis (nominative singular)
saikļi (nominative plural)
saikļa (genitive singular)
saikļu (genitive plural)
saiklim (dative singular)
saikļiem (dative plural)
saikli (accusative singular)
saikļus (accusative plural)
saikli (instrumental singular)
saikļiem (instrumental plural)
saiklī (locative singular)
saikļos (locative plural)
saikli (singular vocative)
saikļi (plural vocative)

From the same stem as the verb siet (“to tie, to bind”), with vowel change (ie > ai; cf. saite) and an extra suffix tl: *saitl- > saiklis. The original meaning was that of “tie,” “rope” (now saite), still attested dialectally; later on it took its current grammatical meaning, replacing earlier proposed forms like jūgu-vardiņi, biedrotājs and saišķis.

vienojuma, vienojamais saiklis

pretstatījuma, pretstata saiklis

paskaidrojuma saiklis

pieļāvuma saiklis


apstāklis

apstāklis (nominative singular)
apstākļi (nominative plural)
apstākļa (genitive singular)
apstākļu (genitive plural)
apstāklim (dative singular)
apstākļiem (dative plural)
apstākli (accusative singular)
apstākļus (accusative plural)
apstākli (instrumental singular)
apstākļiem (instrumental plural)
apstāklī (locative singular)
apstākļos (locative plural)
apstākli (singular vocative)
apstākļi (plural vocative)

Calque of German Umstand, coined by Atis Kronvalds in 1872 from ap- + the stem of the verb stāt (“to stop, to stand”) (q.v.) + -klis (cf. also apstāt (“to encircle, to surround”)). The term būšana (“being; situation”) had been previously used in this sense.

vietas apstāklis

lauka apstāklis

veida apstākļa palīgteikums

apstākļa vārds

(grammar, linguistics) circumstance, (adverbial) complement, adverbial


aktīvs

aktīvs (nominative singular)
aktīvi (nominative plural)
aktīva (genitive singular)
aktīvu (genitive plural)
aktīvam (dative singular)
aktīviem (dative plural)
aktīvu (accusative singular)
aktīvus (accusative plural)
aktīvu (instrumental singular)
aktīviem (instrumental plural)
aktīvā (locative singular)
aktīvos (locative plural)
aktīv (singular vocative)
aktīvi (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Latin activus indirectly through some other European language.


veids

veids (nominative singular)
veidi (nominative plural)
veida (genitive singular)
veidu (genitive plural)
veidam (dative singular)
veidiem (dative plural)
veidu (accusative singular)
veidus (accusative plural)
veidu (instrumental singular)
veidiem (instrumental plural)
veidā (locative singular)
veidos (locative plural)
veid (singular vocative)
veidi (plural vocative)

Originally a dialectal word meaning “face, appearance”, from the (dialectal) verb viest (“to perceive, to sense, to see”) (compare viedoklis (“viewpoint”)), ultimately from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wéiˀdas, from Proto-Indo-European *wéyd-os ~ *wéyd-es-os, from *weyd- (“to see”).
veids was brought to the literary language by Atis Kronvalds in 1869 with a broadened meaning “form, type, way”, apparently following the example of Ancient Greek εἶδος (eîdos, “form, shape, appearance, look”).
Cognates
Cognates include Lithuanian véidas (“face, cheeks”), Old Church Slavonic видь (vidĭ), Russian вид (vid, “appearance, manner”), Sanskrit वेद (véda, “knowledge, perception”), Ancient Greek εἶδος (eîdos, “form, shape, appearance, look”).

cog

nepabeigtais darbības vārda veids

imperfective (lit. unfinished) verbal aspect

pabeigtais jeb perfektīvais verba veids raksturo savā norisē ierobežotu darbību

the finished or perfective verbal aspect characterizes a limited action in its own development

(grammar) aspect (verbal category which presents the action in its development, as complete or incomplete, repeated, ongoing, etc.)


pasīvs

pasīvs (nominative singular)
pasīvi (nominative plural)
pasīva (genitive singular)
pasīvu (genitive plural)
pasīvam (dative singular)
pasīviem (dative plural)
pasīvu (accusative singular)
pasīvus (accusative plural)
pasīvu (instrumental singular)
pasīviem (instrumental plural)
pasīvā (locative singular)
pasīvos (locative plural)
pasīv (singular vocative)
pasīvi (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Latin passivus, probably via some other European language, adapted to fit Latvian patterns ( + -īvs).


dzimte

dzimte (nominative singular)
dzimtes (nominative plural)
dzimtes (genitive singular)
dzimšu (genitive plural)
dzimtei (dative singular)
dzimtēm (dative plural)
dzimti (accusative singular)
dzimtes (accusative plural)
dzimti (instrumental singular)
dzimtēm (instrumental plural)
dzimtē (locative singular)
dzimtēs (locative plural)
dzimte (singular vocative)
dzimtes (plural vocative)

From dzimt + -e, coined by Latvian poet, publicist and linguist Juris Alunāns in the late 19th century.

coin

Angļu valodā nav lietvārdu dzimtes.

The English language does not distinguish the gender of nouns.

(linguistics, grammar) gender (the grammatical form of a noun that indicates gender or formal membership of a gender - feminine, masculine or neuter)


galotne

galotne (nominative singular)
galotnes (nominative plural)
galotnes (genitive singular)
galotņu (genitive plural)
galotnei (dative singular)
galotnēm (dative plural)
galotni (accusative singular)
galotnes (accusative plural)
galotni (instrumental singular)
galotnēm (instrumental plural)
galotnē (locative singular)
galotnēs (locative plural)
galotne (singular vocative)
galotnes (plural vocative)

From gals (“end”) + -otne. This word was first used in the grammatical sense of “ending” by Andrejs Stērste in 1879 and was soon accepted into the standard language.

lietvārda galotnes

noteiktā galotne

nenoteiktā galotne

indefinite ending (i.e., indefinite form)

norīt galotnes

to swallow the endings (i.e., to pronounce the word endings badly, unclearly, or not at all)

(linguistics, grammar) ending (the part at the end of a word that changes when it is conjugated, declined, etc.; the final, inflectional suffix of an inflected word)


tagadne

tagadne (nominative singular)
tagadnes (genitive singular)
tagadnei (dative singular)
tagadni (accusative singular)
tagadni (instrumental singular)
tagadnē (locative singular)
tagadne (singular vocative)

Coined by Atis Kronvalds in 1869, from tagad (“now”) + -ne, at first in the form tagadiene, later on (in the 1870s) in its present form. As a grammatical term, it was first used by A. Stērste in 1879.

vienkāršā, saliktā tagadne

tagadnes lokāmais divdabis

(linguistics, grammar) present tense (a verb form describing an action that happens in the present time, at the moment of speech)


pagātne

pagātne (nominative singular)
pagātnes (genitive singular)
pagātnei (dative singular)
pagātni (accusative singular)
pagātni (instrumental singular)
pagātnē (locative singular)
pagātne (singular vocative)

A neologism coined from pagā(jis) (“gone, passed”) + -tne by Atis Kronvalds in 1873, as a calque of German Vergangenheit (“past”), from past participle vergangen (“gone, passed”)). As a grammatical term, it was first used by A. Stērste in 1879.

vienkāršā, saliktā pagātne

(linguistics, grammar) past (verb form describing an action that happens before the current time, before the time of speech)


nākotne

nākotne (nominative singular)
nākotnes (genitive singular)
nākotnei (dative singular)
nākotni (accusative singular)
nākotni (instrumental singular)
nākotnē (locative singular)
nākotne (singular vocative)

From nāk(t) (“to come”) + -otne. A neologism coined by Atis Kronvalds in 1869, initially in the form nākote, then nākatne. The modern form was later introduced by Krišjānis Valdemārs and Fricis Brīvzemnieks. As a grammatical term, it was first used by A. Stērste in 1879.

vienkāršā, saliktā nākotne

pārveidot darbības vārdu nākotnes formā

(linguistics, grammar) future (verb form describing an action that will happen after the current time, after the time of speech)


nākotnes laiks

nākotnes laiks (nominative singular)
nākotnes laika (genitive singular)
nākotnes laikam (dative singular)
nākotnes laiku (accusative singular)
nākotnes laiku (instrumental singular)
nākotnes laikā (locative singular)
nākotnes laik (singular vocative)

(linguistics, grammar) future tense (linguistic form used in reference to events in the future)


pagātnes laiks

pagātnes laiks (nominative singular)
pagātnes laika (genitive singular)
pagātnes laikam (dative singular)
pagātnes laiku (accusative singular)
pagātnes laiku (instrumental singular)
pagātnes laikā (locative singular)
pagātnes laik (singular vocative)

(linguistics, grammar) past tense (linguistic form used in reference to events in the past)


tagadnes laiks

tagadnes laiks (nominative singular)
tagadnes laika (genitive singular)
tagadnes laikam (dative singular)
tagadnes laiku (accusative singular)
tagadnes laiku (instrumental singular)
tagadnes laikā (locative singular)
tagadnes laik (singular vocative)

(linguistics, grammar) present tense (linguistic form used in reference to events in the present)


divdabis

divdabis (nominative singular)
divdabji (nominative plural)
divdabja (genitive singular)
divdabju (genitive plural)
divdabim (dative singular)
divdabjiem (dative plural)
divdabi (accusative singular)
divdabjus (accusative plural)
divdabi (instrumental singular)
divdabjiem (instrumental plural)
divdabī (locative singular)
divdabjos (locative plural)
divdabi (singular vocative)
divdabji (plural vocative)

From divi (“two”) + daba (“nature”), made into a masculine 2nd-declension noun (nominative ending -is).

divdabja teiciens

mūsdienu latviešu valodā ir četri lokāmie divdabji

in the modern Latvian language there are four inflecting participles

(linguistics, grammar) participle (a verb form having both verbal and adjectival or adverbial properties)


izteiksme

izteiksme (nominative singular)
izteiksmes (nominative plural)
izteiksmes (genitive singular)
izteiksmju (genitive plural)
izteiksmei (dative singular)
izteiksmēm (dative plural)
izteiksmi (accusative singular)
izteiksmes (accusative plural)
izteiksmi (instrumental singular)
izteiksmēm (instrumental plural)
izteiksmē (locative singular)
izteiksmēs (locative plural)
izteiksme (singular vocative)
izteiksmes (plural vocative)

From izteik(t) (“to express”) + -sme (with izteikt from iz- + teikt (“to say, to tell”)). In the grammatical sense, this term was first used in 1889 by A. Stērste; previously other expressions had been used (izteikšana, izteikšanas kārta).

latviešu valodā verbam ir piecas izteiksmes jeb modi: īstenības izteiksme jeb indikatīvs, pavēles izteiksme jeb imperatīvs, vajadzības izteiksme jeb debitīvs, vēlējuma izteiksme jeb kondicionālis un atstāstījuma izteiksme jeb relatīvais mods

in the Latvian language (there) are five moods: the real mood or indicative, the ordering mood or imperative, the necessity mood or debitive, the wishful mood or conditional, and the telling mood or relative mood

(grammar, linguistics) mood (grammatical category that expresses the relation of the action described by a verb to reality)


pavēle

pavēle (nominative singular)
pavēles (nominative plural)
pavēles (genitive singular)
pavēļu (genitive plural)
pavēlei (dative singular)
pavēlēm (dative plural)
pavēli (accusative singular)
pavēles (accusative plural)
pavēli (instrumental singular)
pavēlēm (instrumental plural)
pavēlē (locative singular)
pavēlēs (locative plural)
pavēle (singular vocative)
pavēles (plural vocative)

From pa- + vēle (“will, wish”). The original meaning was “permission; wish;” apparently, this word was influenced by the similar-sounding German Befehl (“order, command”), and changed its meaning accordingly.

pavēles izteiksme

(linguistics, grammar) imperative (mood)


sakne

sakne (nominative singular)
saknes (nominative plural)
saknes (genitive singular)
sakņu (genitive plural)
saknei (dative singular)
saknēm (dative plural)
sakni (accusative singular)
saknes (accusative plural)
sakni (instrumental singular)
saknēm (instrumental plural)
saknē (locative singular)
saknēs (locative plural)
sakne (singular vocative)
saknes (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *šaknīs from Proto-Indo-European *ḱak- (“branch, stick”) (whence also sakas (q.v.)). Cognate with Lithuanian šaknis, Old Prussian sagnis (*saknis). Originally a feminine i-stem.


ablatīvs

ablatīvs (nominative singular)
ablatīvi (nominative plural)
ablatīva (genitive singular)
ablatīvu (genitive plural)
ablatīvam (dative singular)
ablatīviem (dative plural)
ablatīvu (accusative singular)
ablatīvus (accusative plural)
ablatīvu (instrumental singular)
ablatīviem (instrumental plural)
ablatīvā (locative singular)
ablatīvos (locative plural)
ablatīv (singular vocative)
ablatīvi (plural vocative)

latviešu valodā ablatīva funkcijas daļēji pilda instrumentālis un ģenitīvs

in Latvian, the functions of the ablative are partly fulfilled by the instrumental and the genitive

(grammar) ablative case (one of the inflections in some languages denoting the starting point of an action)


celms

celms (nominative singular)
celmi (nominative plural)
celma (genitive singular)
celmu (genitive plural)
celmam (dative singular)
celmiem (dative plural)
celmu (accusative singular)
celmus (accusative plural)
celmu (instrumental singular)
celmiem (instrumental plural)
celmā (locative singular)
celmos (locative plural)
celm (singular vocative)
celmi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *kelH-m- (“stump”), a depalatalization of *ḱélh₂-m(on)-; cognate with Lithuanian kélmas (“stub, shrub, beehive”), Proto-Germanic *helmô (“handle; helm, tiller”).


kārta

kārta (nominative singular)
kārtas (nominative plural)
kārtas (genitive singular)
kārtu (genitive plural)
kārtai (dative singular)
kārtām (dative plural)
kārtu (accusative singular)
kārtas (accusative plural)
kārtu (instrumental singular)
kārtām (instrumental plural)
kārtā (locative singular)
kārtās (locative plural)
kārta (singular vocative)
kārtas (plural vocative)


locījums

locījums (nominative singular)
locījumi (nominative plural)
locījuma (genitive singular)
locījumu (genitive plural)
locījumam (dative singular)
locījumiem (dative plural)
locījumu (accusative singular)
locījumus (accusative plural)
locījumu (instrumental singular)
locījumiem (instrumental plural)
locījumā (locative singular)
locījumos (locative plural)
locījum (singular vocative)
locījumi (plural vocative)

From locīt (past stem: locīj-) (“to bow, to bend, to inflect”) + -ums. In the grammatical sense, this term was first used in Juris Neikens in 1850.

suffix

locīt <small>(past stem: locīj-</small>)

datīva locījums

locījumu galotnes

latviešu valodā locījumi piemīt lietvārdiem, īpašības vārdiem, vietniekvārdiem

in Latvian, nouns, adjectives and pronouns have cases

(grammar) case (inflected form of a word, used to indicate various syntactic and semantic relations)


teikums

teikums (nominative singular)
teikumi (nominative plural)
teikuma (genitive singular)
teikumu (genitive plural)
teikumam (dative singular)
teikumiem (dative plural)
teikumu (accusative singular)
teikumus (accusative plural)
teikumu (instrumental singular)
teikumiem (instrumental plural)
teikumā (locative singular)
teikumos (locative plural)
teikum (singular vocative)
teikumi (plural vocative)


priekšmets

priekšmets (nominative singular)
priekšmeti (nominative plural)
priekšmeta (genitive singular)
priekšmetu (genitive plural)
priekšmetam (dative singular)
priekšmetiem (dative plural)
priekšmetu (accusative singular)
priekšmetus (accusative plural)
priekšmetu (instrumental singular)
priekšmetiem (instrumental plural)
priekšmetā (locative singular)
priekšmetos (locative plural)
priekšmet (singular vocative)
priekšmeti (plural vocative)

From priekš- (“before, ahead of”) + mest (“to throw”), converted to a 1st-declension masculine noun. A calque of Latin obiectum; compare Polish przedmiot.

af

teikuma priekšmets


locīt

head

locīt (transitive, 3rd conjugation, present loku, loki, loka, past locīju)

conjugation (third-person)
loku (present)
loki (present)
loka (present)
locīju (past)
loku (first-person indicative present singular)
locīju (first-person indicative past singular)
locīšu (first-person future indicative singular)
loki (indicative present second-person singular)
locīji (indicative past second-person singular)
locīsi (future indicative second-person singular)
loki (imperative second-person singular)
loka (indicative present singular third-person)
locīja (indicative past singular third-person)
locīs (future indicative singular third-person)
lai loka (imperative singular third-person)
lokām (first-person indicative plural present)
locījām (first-person indicative past plural)
locīsim (first-person future indicative plural)
locīsim (first-person imperative plural)
lokāt (indicative plural present second-person)
locījāt (indicative past plural second-person)
locīsiet (future indicative plural second-person)
locīsit (future indicative plural second-person)
lokiet (imperative plural second-person)
loka (indicative plural present third-person)
locīja (indicative past plural third-person)
locīs (future indicative plural third-person)
lai loka (imperative plural third-person)
lokot (present renarrative)
lokošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot locījis (past renarrative)
locīdams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
locīšot (future renarrative)
lokot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai lokot (imperative)
lokām (active participle participle-4 present)
locījis (active participle past)
locītu (conditional present)
lokāms (participle passive present)
būtu locījis (conditional past)
locīts (participle passive past)
jāloka (debitive indicative)
būt jāloka (debitive indicative)
locīt (infinitive)
esot jāloka (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
nelocīt (infinitive negative)
jālokot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
locīšana (noun-from-verb)

Similar to lùocît, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *lánkīˀtei.

(grammar) to inflect, to decline, to conjugate


atgriezenisks

atgriezenisks (definite atgriezeniskais, comparative atgriezeniskāks, superlative visatgriezeniskākais, adverb atgriezeniski)

atgriezeniskais (definite)
atgriezeniskāks (comparative)
visatgriezeniskākais (superlative)
atgriezeniski (adverb)
atgriezenisks (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
atgriezeniski (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
atgriezeniska (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
atgriezeniskas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
atgriezeniska (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
atgriezenisku (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
atgriezeniskas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
atgriezenisku (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
atgriezeniskam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
atgriezeniskiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
atgriezeniskai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
atgriezeniskām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
atgriezenisku (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
atgriezeniskus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
atgriezenisku (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
atgriezeniskas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
atgriezenisku (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
atgriezeniskiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
atgriezenisku (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
atgriezeniskām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
atgriezeniskā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
atgriezeniskos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
atgriezeniskā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
atgriezeniskās (feminine indefinite locative plural)


priedēklis

priedēklis (nominative singular)
priedēkļi (nominative plural)
priedēkļa (genitive singular)
priedēkļu (genitive plural)
priedēklim (dative singular)
priedēkļiem (dative plural)
priedēkli (accusative singular)
priedēkļus (accusative plural)
priedēkli (instrumental singular)
priedēkļiem (instrumental plural)
priedēklī (locative singular)
priedēkļos (locative plural)
priedēkli (singular vocative)
priedēkļi (plural vocative)


piedēklis

piedēklis (nominative singular)
piedēkļi (nominative plural)
piedēkļa (genitive singular)
piedēkļu (genitive plural)
piedēklim (dative singular)
piedēkļiem (dative plural)
piedēkli (accusative singular)
piedēkļus (accusative plural)
piedēkli (instrumental singular)
piedēkļiem (instrumental plural)
piedēklī (locative singular)
piedēkļos (locative plural)
piedēkli (singular vocative)
piedēkļi (plural vocative)


nenoteiksme

nenoteiksme (nominative singular)
nenoteiksmes (nominative plural)
nenoteiksmes (genitive singular)
nenoteiksmju (genitive plural)
nenoteiksmei (dative singular)
nenoteiksmēm (dative plural)
nenoteiksmi (accusative singular)
nenoteiksmes (accusative plural)
nenoteiksmi (instrumental singular)
nenoteiksmēm (instrumental plural)
nenoteiksmē (locative singular)
nenoteiksmēs (locative plural)
nenoteiksme (singular vocative)
nenoteiksmes (plural vocative)


artikuls

artikuls (nominative singular)
artikuli (nominative plural)
artikula (genitive singular)
artikulu (genitive plural)
artikulam (dative singular)
artikuliem (dative plural)
artikulu (accusative singular)
artikulus (accusative plural)
artikulu (instrumental singular)
artikuliem (instrumental plural)
artikulā (locative singular)
artikulos (locative plural)
artikul (singular vocative)
artikuli (plural vocative)


konjugēt

konjugēt (transitive, 2nd conjugation, present konjugēju, konjugē, konjugē, past konjugēju)

conjugation (second-person)
konjugēju (present)
konjugē (present)
konjugēju (past)
konjugēju (first-person indicative present singular)
konjugēju (first-person indicative past singular)
konjugēšu (first-person future indicative singular)
konjugē (indicative present second-person singular)
konjugēji (indicative past second-person singular)
konjugēsi (future indicative second-person singular)
konjugē (imperative second-person singular)
konjugē (indicative present singular third-person)
konjugēja (indicative past singular third-person)
konjugēs (future indicative singular third-person)
lai konjugē (imperative singular third-person)
konjugējam (first-person indicative plural present)
konjugējām (first-person indicative past plural)
konjugēsim (first-person future indicative plural)
konjugēsim (first-person imperative plural)
konjugējat (indicative plural present second-person)
konjugējāt (indicative past plural second-person)
konjugēsiet (future indicative plural second-person)
konjugēsit (future indicative plural second-person)
konjugējiet (imperative plural second-person)
konjugē (indicative plural present third-person)
konjugēja (indicative past plural third-person)
konjugēs (future indicative plural third-person)
lai konjugē (imperative plural third-person)
konjugējot (present renarrative)
konjugējošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot konjugējis (past renarrative)
konjugēdams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
konjugēšot (future renarrative)
konjugējot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai konjugējot (imperative)
konjugējam (active participle participle-4 present)
konjugējis (active participle past)
konjugētu (conditional present)
konjugējams (participle passive present)
būtu konjugējis (conditional past)
konjugēts (participle passive past)
jākonjugē (debitive indicative)
būt jākonjugē (debitive indicative)
konjugēt (infinitive)
esot jākonjugē (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
nekonjugēt (infinitive negative)
jākonjugējot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
konjugēšana (noun-from-verb)

Latviešu valodā darbības vārdus konjugē pēc laika, personas un skaitļa.

In Latvian, verbs are conjugated according to tense, person and number.