pa

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pa, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂pó. Balto-Slavic cognates include
Lithuanian pa-, Old Prussian pa-, po-, Proto-Slavic *po.

iet pa ceļu

pa naktīm

pa pastu

pa radio


cauri

iziet cauri priekšnamam

viņi jau bija mežam cauri

they had already been through the forest

rakties aizsprostam cauri

izdurt papīram cauri

(preposition-like, with dative) through, from one side to the other (crossing places, space, etc.)

stikls tik netīrs, ka neredz cauri

the glass is so dirty that one can't see through (it)

cauri aizkariem spiežas gaisma

jumtam cauri sūcas ūdens

trauksmes signāls skan cauri vētrai

the alarm signal sounds through the storm

kliedzieni dzirdami troksnim cauri

laist cauri

(often preposition-like, with dative) through (despite, unhindered by, not kept in place by)


trūkt

head

trūkt (intransitive + dative, 1st conjugation, only 3rd person, present trūkst, past trūka)

conjugation (first-person)
trūkst (present)
trūka (past)
trūkst (indicative present singular third-person)
trūka (indicative past singular third-person)
trūks (future indicative singular third-person)
lai trūkst (imperative singular third-person)
trūkst (indicative plural present third-person)
trūka (indicative past plural third-person)
trūks (future indicative plural third-person)
lai trūkst (imperative plural third-person)
trūkstot (present renarrative)
trūkstošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot trūcis (past renarrative)
trūkdams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
trūkšot (future renarrative)
trūkstot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai trūkstot (imperative)
trūkstam (active participle participle-4 present)
trūcis (active participle past)
trūktu (conditional present)
būtu trūcis (conditional past)
jātrūkst (debitive indicative)
būt jātrūkst (debitive indicative)
trūkt (infinitive)
esot jātrūkst (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
netrūkt (infinitive negative)
jātrūkstot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
trūkšana (noun-from-verb)

From Proto-Baltic *trūk-, from the same Proto-Indo-European stem *trewk-, *trūk- as Latvian traukt (“to rush, to speed, to sweep”) (q.v.). Cognates include Lithuanian trū́kti. Corresponding to the older meaning of traukt: “to jerk, to pull, to pluck,” the meaning of trūkt was at first “to be pulled, plucked,” and then “to break, to creak, to split (off)” — still an extant, albeit unfrequent, meaning, and also the basis of the meaning of many derived verbs: iztrūkt (“to come off (knob, button)”), notrūkt (“to come, tear off”), pārtrūkt (“to break, to burst, to snap”), satrūkties (“to start, to jump”), uztrūkties (“to start”) —, and finally “to not be there, to be less (than necessary), to lack,” which is the basis for pietrūkt (“to be, run short of”), iztrūkums (“deficit, shortage”).

cog

trūkst laika, naudas

trūkst telpu

darba netrūkst

mums netrūkst nekā

telpā trūkst gaisa

slimniekam trūkst elpas

uzturā trūkst vitamīnu

to lack, to be in short supply, to not be available

tēva labajai rokai trūka divu pirkstu

(my) father's right hand lacked two fingers

Kristam trūka rokas līdz elkonim

(of body parts) to lack (to have lost, amputated)

par to mums trūkst ziņu

meitenei trūkst izglītības

aktierim trūkst talanta

viņam trūkst pašapziņas, izdomas

viņam trūkst drosmes atzīties

viņam trūkst pieredzes, zināšanu, meistarības

viņam trūkst vārdu, lai izteiktu savu sajūsmu

he lacks, has no words to express his delight

(of qualities, forces, knowledge) to lack, to not be enough

klasē trūkst divu skolēnu

plauktā trūkst dažu grāmatu

pie viņas bija vecā krustmāte, bija Marta, bija Aina, Vilma; trūka vienīgi Artūrs ― at her (house) were (her) old godmother, Marta, Aina, Vilma; only Artūrs was missing

ja manis kur trūkst un tas trūkums netiek nomanīts, tad tas man pašam vislabāk, ka manis tur trūkst

if I am absent somewhere and this absence is not noticed, then it is better to me that I am absent there

tos trūkstošos trīsdesmit vai četrdesmit miljonus viņi man labprāt piešķirs

the missing thirty or forty million they will give me willingly

ziedu un rūpju vidū man tevis trūks

among the flowers and the concerns, I will miss you

Augusts uzreiz sajuta, ka viņam trūkst sievas

Augusts immediately felt that he was missing his wife

to miss, to suffer because of the absence (of someone, something)

virve trūkst pušu

pavediens mezglojas un trūkst

savītas stieples tik ātri netrūks

(inter)twined, wound wires won't snap so fast

dzimtas sakari trūkst ka pakulu pavedieni

in two, asunder, apart, torn
pušu#Latvian

(of ropes, threads, lines, etc., often together with the adverb in two, asunder, apart, torn) to snap, to split in two parts under tension

threads; lines; often together with the adverb in two; asunder; apart; torn; threads; lines; often together with the adverb in two; asunder; apart; torn


palīdzēt

head

palīdzēt (intransitive + dative, 3rd conjugation, present palīdzu, palīdzi, palīdz, past palīdzēju)

conjugation (third-person)
palīdzu (present)
palīdzi (present)
palīdz (present)
palīdzēju (past)
palīdzu (first-person indicative present singular)
palīdzēju (first-person indicative past singular)
palīdzēšu (first-person future indicative singular)
palīdzi (indicative present second-person singular)
palīdzēji (indicative past second-person singular)
palīdzēsi (future indicative second-person singular)
palīdzi (imperative second-person singular)
palīdz (indicative present singular third-person)
palīdzēja (indicative past singular third-person)
palīdzēs (future indicative singular third-person)
lai palīdz (imperative singular third-person)
palīdzam (first-person indicative plural present)
palīdzējām (first-person indicative past plural)
palīdzēsim (first-person future indicative plural)
palīdzēsim (first-person imperative plural)
palīdzat (indicative plural present second-person)
palīdzējāt (indicative past plural second-person)
palīdzēsiet (future indicative plural second-person)
palīdzēsit (future indicative plural second-person)
palīdziet (imperative plural second-person)
palīdz (indicative plural present third-person)
palīdzēja (indicative past plural third-person)
palīdzēs (future indicative plural third-person)
lai palīdz (imperative plural third-person)
palīdzot (present renarrative)
palīdzošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot palīdzējis (past renarrative)
palīdzēdams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
palīdzēšot (future renarrative)
palīdzot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai palīdzot (imperative)
palīdzam (active participle participle-4 present)
palīdzējis (active participle past)
palīdzētu (conditional present)
palīdzams (participle passive present)
būtu palīdzējis (conditional past)
palīdzēts (participle passive past)
jāpalīdz (debitive indicative)
būt jāpalīdz (debitive indicative)
palīdzēt (infinitive)
esot jāpalīdz (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
nepalīdzēt (infinitive negative)
jāpalīdzot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
palīdzēšana (noun-from-verb)

palīdzēt strādāt

palīdzēt biedram mācībās

palīdzēt bērnam apģērbties

palīdzēt mātei mazgāt veļu

palīdzēt ar padomu

to help, to help out, to aid, to assist (to provide support for, to facilitate, to cause something)

palīdzēt bēdās, nelaimē

palīdzēt vecākiem

palīdzēt ar naudu

palīdzēt jaunajiem speciālistiem

labi nopelnu, un man jāpalīdz mātei un Ievai

I earn well, and I have to help mother and Eve

to help (to provide with needed money, resources, situation)

jaunais cilvēks slīcējam palīdzēs

to help (to save from something bad, undesirable)

darbs palīdz dzīvot

zāles palīdz pret saaukstēšanos

zāles nepalīdzēja

joki mazliet palīdzēja

the joke helped a little (= he felt better)


vajadzēt

vajadzēt (intransitive + dative, 3rd conjugation, only 3rd person, present vajag, past vajadzēja)

conjugation (third-person)
vajag (present)
vajadzēja (past)
vajag (indicative present singular third-person)
vajadzēja (indicative past singular third-person)
vajadzēs (future indicative singular third-person)
lai vajag (imperative singular third-person)
vajag (indicative plural present third-person)
vajadzēja (indicative past plural third-person)
vajadzēs (future indicative plural third-person)
lai vajag (imperative plural third-person)
vajagot (present renarrative)
vajagošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot vajadzējis (past renarrative)
vajadzēšot (future renarrative)
lai vajagot (imperative)
vajadzējis (active participle past)
vajadzētu (conditional present)
būtu vajadzējis (conditional past)
vajadzēts (participle passive past)
jāvajag (debitive indicative)
būt jāvajag (debitive indicative)
vajadzēt (infinitive)
esot jāvajag (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
nevajadzēt (infinitive negative)
jāvajagot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
vajadzēšana (noun-from-verb)

Borrowed from Livonian vajāg (“necessary”); cf. Estonian vaja (“necessary; need; lack”), Finnish vajaa (“incomplete, inadequate; need”), Veps vajag (“incomplete”). In 16th-18th century texts, the word (in the older form vaijaga) is used as an adjective, often accompanied by the copula (vaijaga ir... “it is necessary”), following the original Livonian pattern. From the 17th century on, it began occurring also by itself in a dative construction (man vajag... “I need”), from which it was reinterpreted as a verb, so that further forms — an infinitive vajadzēt, a past tense vajadzēja, a future tense vajadzēs, a conditional form vajadzētu, etc. — were created by analogy (compare tecēt (“to flow”), third person present tek, third person past tecēja, etc.). Some participial forms, however, are lacking, and others (vajagošs) are barely attested.

cog

vajag paveikt iesākto

it is necessary to finish what was started

man vajag padoma

ko tev vajag?

viņam vajadzēja daudz strādāt

mājai vajadzētu jaunu jumtu

the house would need (= should get) a new roof

mums vajadzētu satikties

vajadzēt vairāk brīva laika

to be necessary, to be needed, to be desired

ezeram vajadzēja būt tepat netālu

viņam drīz vajag nākt

he must, should come soon (= I think he will come soon)

vajadzēja būt pagājušai jau kādai stundai

drīz vajag būt rītam

(with an infinitive verb) must, should (expressing confidence about the existence or occurrence of something)


līdzēt

head

līdzēt (intransitive + dative, 3rd conjugation, present līdzu, līdzi, līdz, past līdzēju)

conjugation (third-person)
līdzu (present)
līdzi (present)
līdz (present)
līdzēju (past)
līdzu (first-person indicative present singular)
līdzēju (first-person indicative past singular)
līdzēšu (first-person future indicative singular)
līdzi (indicative present second-person singular)
līdzēji (indicative past second-person singular)
līdzēsi (future indicative second-person singular)
līdzi (imperative second-person singular)
līdz (indicative present singular third-person)
līdzēja (indicative past singular third-person)
līdzēs (future indicative singular third-person)
lai līdz (imperative singular third-person)
līdzam (first-person indicative plural present)
līdzējām (first-person indicative past plural)
līdzēsim (first-person future indicative plural)
līdzēsim (first-person imperative plural)
līdzat (indicative plural present second-person)
līdzējāt (indicative past plural second-person)
līdzēsiet (future indicative plural second-person)
līdzēsit (future indicative plural second-person)
līdziet (imperative plural second-person)
līdz (indicative plural present third-person)
līdzēja (indicative past plural third-person)
līdzēs (future indicative plural third-person)
lai līdz (imperative plural third-person)
līdzot (present renarrative)
līdzošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot līdzējis (past renarrative)
līdzēdams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
līdzēšot (future renarrative)
līdzot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai līdzot (imperative)
līdzam (active participle participle-4 present)
līdzējis (active participle past)
līdzētu (conditional present)
līdzams (participle passive present)
būtu līdzējis (conditional past)
līdzēts (participle passive past)
jālīdz (debitive indicative)
būt jālīdz (debitive indicative)
līdzēt (infinitive)
esot jālīdz (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
nelīdzēt (infinitive negative)
jālīdzot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
līdzēšana (noun-from-verb)

Formed either from the adjective līdzs (“flat”) (cf. līdzens), or from the verb līgt (“to hire, to engage; to negotiate”). The original meaning of līdzēt is reflected in līdzīgs (“alike, similar”): it was “to be similar (e.g., in size)”, from which “to be similar (at work)” > “to do the same work together” > “to help.”

līdzēt darbā

līdzēt piecelties

nespēt līdzēt

talcinieki līdzēja jauno pirti uzcelt

volunteers helped build a new bath house

to help (to provide support for, to facilitate)

zāles līdzēja

pēršana nelīdz

darba līdz

ko (tas) līdz

what difference does it make? (lit. what does it help?)

ar to nekas nebija līdzēts

tur nelīdz ne zāles, ne plāksteris

nothing (lit. not medicine, not bandage) helps there

metamies dārzā un sākam kliegt un plaukšķināt rokām... tas līdz: strazdi pazūd

we run to the garden and begin to shout and clap our hands... this helps: the starlings disappear


ticēt

ticēt (intransitive + dative, 3rd conjugation, present ticu, tici, tic, past ticēju)

conjugation (third-person)
ticu (present)
tici (present)
tic (present)
ticēju (past)
ticu (first-person indicative present singular)
ticēju (first-person indicative past singular)
ticēšu (first-person future indicative singular)
tici (indicative present second-person singular)
ticēji (indicative past second-person singular)
ticēsi (future indicative second-person singular)
tici (imperative second-person singular)
tic (indicative present singular third-person)
ticēja (indicative past singular third-person)
ticēs (future indicative singular third-person)
lai tic (imperative singular third-person)
ticam (first-person indicative plural present)
ticējām (first-person indicative past plural)
ticēsim (first-person future indicative plural)
ticēsim (first-person imperative plural)
ticat (indicative plural present second-person)
ticējāt (indicative past plural second-person)
ticēsiet (future indicative plural second-person)
ticēsit (future indicative plural second-person)
ticiet (imperative plural second-person)
tic (indicative plural present third-person)
ticēja (indicative past plural third-person)
ticēs (future indicative plural third-person)
lai tic (imperative plural third-person)
ticot (present renarrative)
ticošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot ticējis (past renarrative)
ticēdams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
ticēšot (future renarrative)
ticot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai ticot (imperative)
ticam (active participle participle-4 present)
ticējis (active participle past)
ticētu (conditional present)
ticams (participle passive present)
būtu ticējis (conditional past)
ticēts (participle passive past)
jātic (debitive indicative)
būt jātic (debitive indicative)
ticēt (infinitive)
esot jātic (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
neticēt (infinitive negative)
jāticot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
ticēšana (noun-from-verb)

Originally from the verb tikt, now “to arrive, to reach, to get,” but previously “to be adequate, appropriate, to suit,” ticēt was apparently at first a (transitive) iterative form, or maybe a new verb derived via the adjective ticīgs now “believing” but previously “appropriate, adequate.” The meaning evolved from “(to be) adequate, appropriate” to “(to be) reliable; to see as reliable, to trust” and finally “to believe.” Cognates include Lithuanian tikė́ti.

tam nevar ticēt

ticēt ārstam

ticēt zinātnes sasniegumiem

stipri, akli ticēt

vienmēr vajag ticēt savai laimei

one must always believe in one's happiness

jaunība ir ticība brīnumam... jauni būdami, mēs neprasām, vai mūsu vēlēšanās ir prātīga, iespējama; mēs ilgojamies un ticam, ka ilgotais piepildīsies tikai tādēļ, ka mēs to tik ļoti gaidām

youth is faith in miracles... being young, we don't ask if our desires are sensible, possible; we desire and believe that our desires will be fulfilled simply because we want them so much

to believe (to have a belief in something; to accept something, someone's opinion, authority, as true, valid)

ticēt solījumiem

viņam nevar ticēt

viņš netic nevienam

ticēt cilvēkiem, jaunatnei

ticēt sev

ticēt saviem spēkiem

neticēt savām acīm

to not believe one's (own) eyes (= to be surprised by what one sees)

to believe, to trust (to have confidence in someone's credibility, sincerity, in someone's perspectives or potential)

ticēt dievam

ticēt liktenim

ticēt pārdabiskiem spēkiem

mans tēvs tic ļaunai acij

ticēt Dievam nozīmē iegūt pieredzi par vēl kādu realitāti mūsos, saskaņā ar kuru savā dzīvē iegūstam līdzsvaru, mieru un dzīves jēgas izpratni

to believe in God means to acquire experience with another reality in us, whereby we obtain a balance in our lives, peace, and an understanding of the meaning of life

(religion, mythology) to believe (to accept, to have faith in the existence and power of a god or gods, supernatural beings or forces)


piederēt

piederēt (intransitive + dative, 3rd conjugation, present piederu, piederi, pieder, past piederēju)

conjugation (third-person)
piederu (present)
piederi (present)
pieder (present)
piederēju (past)
piederu (first-person indicative present singular)
piederēju (first-person indicative past singular)
piederēšu (first-person future indicative singular)
piederi (indicative present second-person singular)
piederēji (indicative past second-person singular)
piederēsi (future indicative second-person singular)
piederi (imperative second-person singular)
pieder (indicative present singular third-person)
piederēja (indicative past singular third-person)
piederēs (future indicative singular third-person)
lai pieder (imperative singular third-person)
piederam (first-person indicative plural present)
piederējām (first-person indicative past plural)
piederēsim (first-person future indicative plural)
piederēsim (first-person imperative plural)
piederat (indicative plural present second-person)
piederējāt (indicative past plural second-person)
piederēsiet (future indicative plural second-person)
piederēsit (future indicative plural second-person)
piederiet (imperative plural second-person)
pieder (indicative plural present third-person)
piederēja (indicative past plural third-person)
piederēs (future indicative plural third-person)
lai pieder (imperative plural third-person)
piederot (present renarrative)
piederošs (active adjectival participle participle-1 present)
esot piederējis (past renarrative)
piederēdams (active adverbial participle participle-2 present)
piederēšot (future renarrative)
piederot (active adverbial participle participle-3 present)
lai piederot (imperative)
piederam (active participle participle-4 present)
piederējis (active participle past)
piederētu (conditional present)
piederams (participle passive present)
būtu piederējis (conditional past)
piederēts (participle passive past)
jāpieder (debitive indicative)
būt jāpieder (debitive indicative)
piederēt (infinitive)
esot jāpieder (conjunctive conjunctive-1 debitive)
nepiederēt (infinitive negative)
jāpiederot (conjunctive conjunctive-2 debitive)
piederēšana (noun-from-verb)

māja pieder tēvam

viņam pieder mašīna

zēnam pieder velosipēds

a bicycle belongs to the boy (= he owns a bicycle)

kādam saimniekam piederēja varens, balts kuilis

to every farmer belonged a mighty white pig (= every farmer owned a mighty white pig)

viņam pieder šīs dzejas rindas

šis ierosinājums piederēja viņam

kam pieder šī ideja?

sportistam pieder pasaules rekords augstlēkšanā

the world record in high jump belongs to (this) athlete

to belong (to be someone's creation, achievement)

viņam šajā jautājumā pieder pēdējais vārds

in this topic, the last word belongs to him

Kārlis Markss pilsoņu tiesības vēlēt tautas pārstāvības iestādes atzina par visaugstākajām tiesībām, kādas vien var pilsoņiem piederēt

Karl Marx considered the right of citizens to choose the institutions that represent the people the highest right that can belong to citizens

to belong (to be rightfully under the control of someone)

piederēt pie strādnieku šķiras

egles pieder pie priežu dzimtes

fosfors pieder pie nemetāliem

stāsts “Negaisu stepe” pieder pie autobiogrāfiskā rakstura darbiem

the story “Storm steppe” belongs to the works of autobiographical character

viņa piederēja pie tiem retajiem, kas prot klausīties

she belonged to those rare (people) who know (how) to listen

piederu pie studentu saimes, un tāpēc mani draugi ir viņu vidū

I belong to the family (= class) of students, and because of that my friends are (also) in it (i.e., also students)

to belong (to be included in some system, classification, group, etc.)

kas man tika, kas mīlēja, / tam es pati piederēju

he who pleased me, who loved me, / to him I belonged

viņš negribēja precēt sievieti, kas bija piederējusi citam

he didn't want to marry a woman who had belonged to another

to belong (to be on intimate terms with someone, to have a relationship with someone)

piederēja ganiņam zaļa rīkste rociņā

a green rod befitted the little shepherd

(in the 3rd person, usually piederēties) to befit, to be appropriate