dārzs

dārzs (nominative singular)
dārzi (nominative plural)
dārzu (accusative singular)
dārzus (accusative plural)
dārza (genitive singular)
dārzu (genitive plural)
dārzam (dative singular)
dārziem (dative plural)
dārzu (instrumental singular)
dārziem (instrumental plural)
dārzā (locative singular)
dārzos (locative plural)
dārz (singular vocative)
dārzi (plural vocative)

This word has the same origin as zārds (“rickstand”) (q.v.), from which it originated by metathesis. The different intonation (dārzs has a falling [àː], while
zārds has a level [āː]) is probably explained by the change in meaning, and may have preceded the metathesis; cf. the intonation change in Lithuanian žárdas (“forked branch, rickstand”), žárdis (“pole”), but žar̃dis (“horse, cattle corral; (arch.) garden”). The meaning change would then have been: “wooden structure” > “fence” > “fenced area” (cf. below zirgu dārzs “horse corral”, and metaphorically also mēness dārzs “moon ring”) > “garden.” Cognates include Lithuanian dar̃žas.

cog

piemājas dārzs

skolas dārzs

sakņu dārzs

augļu dārzs

puķu dārzs

dārza žogs

dārza zeme

dārza zāģis

dārza māja

dārza zemenes

uzrakt dārzu

ravēt dārzu

dārzā rindās kā sargi stāvēja ķirši ar tikko kā sarkt sākušiem ogu čemuriem

in lines in the garden, like guards, stood the cherry (trees) which had just started to produce red berry clusters

garden (a piece of land used for growing specific vegetable species, flowers, crops, etc.)

Žanis Vītols vēl atceras, cik ļoti dēlam patika liepu dārzs, kas bija tepat pie dravas

Žanis Vītols still remembers how much (his) son liked the linden garden that was right here by the apiary

(rare) a place where wild trees grow in bulk

pilsētas dārzi un parki

dārza kafejnīca

ainavu dārzs

dārzu arhitektūra

garden architecture (i.e., the design of gardens and parks)

Rīgas centrā ir tik daudz parku, kuru dēļ to dēvē par dārzu pilsētu

in the center of Riga there are so many parks that because of them they call it (= Riga) the garden city

garden, park (a planted area with paths for walking)

zirgu dārzs

koku dārzs

limber corral (enclosure in a watercourse for floating timber, felled trees)

tas nebūs aploks, bet vistu dārzs

that will not be a corral, but (just) a chicken pen

enclosure for holding animals, corral, pen

kad taisās lietus, tad ap mēnesi var redzēt gaišu riņķi: mēness dārzu

when it is going to rain, then one can see around the moon a bright ring: the moon's enclosure

ring of light around the moon or the sun


rīks

rīks (nominative singular)
rīki (nominative plural)
rīku (accusative singular)
rīkus (accusative plural)
rīka (genitive singular)
rīku (genitive plural)
rīkam (dative singular)
rīkiem (dative plural)
rīku (instrumental singular)
rīkiem (instrumental plural)
rīkā (locative singular)
rīkos (locative plural)
rīk (singular vocative)
rīki (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *rey-, *rī- (“to scrape; to pluck; to cut”) (with an extra k); cf. dialectal riekt (“to cut (bread); to plow (for the first time)”). Apparently, the original meaning of rīks was “sharp instrument,” perhaps “knife.” Cognates include Lithuanian rỹkas (“instrument; container”).

namdara, kalēja rīks

lauksaimniecības, metālapstrādes rīki

medību, zvejas rīks

rotaļu rīks

vingrošanas rīki

soda rīks

ražošanas rīki

instrument, tool, equipment (an object used for a specific task, work, etc.)


klans

klans (nominative singular)
klani (nominative plural)
klanu (accusative singular)
klanus (accusative plural)
klana (genitive singular)
klanu (genitive plural)
klanam (dative singular)
klaniem (dative plural)
klanu (instrumental singular)
klaniem (instrumental plural)
klanā (locative singular)
klanos (locative plural)
klan (singular vocative)
klani (plural vocative)


idiotes

inflection of idiote:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


insektu

inflection of insekts:
accusative/instrumental singular


produktu

inflection of produkts:
accusative/instrumental singular


parlaments

parlaments (nominative singular)
parlamenti (nominative plural)
parlamentu (accusative singular)
parlamentus (accusative plural)
parlamenta (genitive singular)
parlamentu (genitive plural)
parlamentam (dative singular)
parlamentiem (dative plural)
parlamentu (instrumental singular)
parlamentiem (instrumental plural)
parlamentā (locative singular)
parlamentos (locative plural)
parlament (singular vocative)
parlamenti (plural vocative)


lakta

lv-noun

lakta ? (^(???) please provide the declension type!)


jakas

inflection of jaka:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


lakas

inflection of laka:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


fosfors

fosfors (nominative singular)
fosforu (accusative singular)
fosfora (genitive singular)
fosforam (dative singular)
fosforu (instrumental singular)
fosforā (locative singular)
fosfor (singular vocative)

From Latin phosphorus, from Ancient Greek φωσφόρος (phōsphóros, “the bearer of light”), from φῶς (phôs, “light”) + φέρω (phérō, “to bear, to carry”).

uder

baltais, sarkanais, violetais fosfors

fosfora sāļi

fosfora mēslojums

chemical element
chemical element#English

phosphorus (nonmentallic chemical element with atomic number 15)


fluors

fluors (nominative singular)
fluoru (accusative singular)
fluora (genitive singular)
fluoram (dative singular)
fluoru (instrumental singular)
fluorā (locative singular)
fluor (singular vocative)

fluora savienojumi

fluorine (chemical element, with atomic number 9; under normal conditions, a poisonous gas)


takts

takts (nominative singular)
taktis (nominative plural)
takti (accusative singular)
taktis (accusative plural)
takts (genitive singular)
taktu (genitive plural)
taktij (dative singular)
taktīm (dative plural)
takti (instrumental singular)
taktīm (instrumental plural)
taktī (locative singular)
taktīs (locative plural)
takts (singular vocative)
taktis (plural vocative)


slovaks

slovaks (nominative singular)
slovaki (nominative plural)
slovaku (accusative singular)
slovakus (accusative plural)
slovaka (genitive singular)
slovaku (genitive plural)
slovakam (dative singular)
slovakiem (dative plural)
slovaku (instrumental singular)
slovakiem (instrumental plural)
slovakā (locative singular)
slovakos (locative plural)
slovak (singular vocative)
slovaki (plural vocative)


insekts

insekts (nominative singular)
insekti (nominative plural)
insektu (accusative singular)
insektus (accusative plural)
insekta (genitive singular)
insektu (genitive plural)
insektam (dative singular)
insektiem (dative plural)
insektu (instrumental singular)
insektiem (instrumental plural)
insektā (locative singular)
insektos (locative plural)
insekt (singular vocative)
insekti (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin insectum (“with a divided body; cut up”), the perfect passive participle of insecō (“to cut up”), from in- and secō (“to cut”), based on the idea that an insect's body is "cut into" three sections. The Latin term is a calque of Ancient Greek ἔντομον (éntomon, “insect”), from ἔντομος (éntomos, “cut into pieces”).

cog

augsnes mikroorganismu producētās vielas izlieto arī cīņai ar augu kaitēkļiem: instektiem un to kāpuriem

substances produced by microorganisms (in the) soil (are) used also in the fight against plant pests: insects and their larvae

visiem insektiem, arī kaitīgajiem, ir savi dabiskie pretinieki un slimības

all insects, even harmful ones, have their natural enemies and diseases

insect (arthropod with a three-part body, three pairs of legs, sometimes also wings (Order: insecta); less specifically, also other kinds of arthropods, such as spiders)


teologs

lv-noun

teologs m (1st declension, feminine form: teoloģe)

teoloģe (feminine)
teologs (nominative singular)
teologi (nominative plural)
teologu (accusative singular)
teologus (accusative plural)
teologa (genitive singular)
teologu (genitive plural)
teologam (dative singular)
teologiem (dative plural)
teologu (instrumental singular)
teologiem (instrumental plural)
teologā (locative singular)
teologos (locative plural)
teolog (singular vocative)
teologi (plural vocative)

(male) theologian (a specialist in theology)


fenomens

fenomens (nominative singular)
fenomeni (nominative plural)
fenomenu (accusative singular)
fenomenus (accusative plural)
fenomena (genitive singular)
fenomenu (genitive plural)
fenomenam (dative singular)
fenomeniem (dative plural)
fenomenu (instrumental singular)
fenomeniem (instrumental plural)
fenomenā (locative singular)
fenomenos (locative plural)
fenomen (singular vocative)
fenomeni (plural vocative)

From Latin phaenomenon (“appearance”), from Ancient Greek φαινόμενον (phainómenon, “thing appearing to view”).

der

phenomenon (an unusual occurrence or entity)


kronas

inflection of krona:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


skolas

inflection of skola:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


pannas

inflection of panna:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


klases

inflection of klase:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


asis

nominative/vocative/accusative plural of ass


krokodils

lv-noun

krokodils m (^(???) please provide the declension type!)

From Medieval Latin crocodilus, via some other European language.


klients

klients (nominative singular)
klienti (nominative plural)
klientu (accusative singular)
klientus (accusative plural)
klienta (genitive singular)
klientu (genitive plural)
klientam (dative singular)
klientiem (dative plural)
klientu (instrumental singular)
klientiem (instrumental plural)
klientā (locative singular)
klientos (locative plural)
klient (singular vocative)
klienti (plural vocative)


rasists

rasists m (1st declension, feminine form: rasiste)

rasiste (feminine)
rasists (nominative singular)
rasisti (nominative plural)
rasistu (accusative singular)
rasistus (accusative plural)
rasista (genitive singular)
rasistu (genitive plural)
rasistam (dative singular)
rasistiem (dative plural)
rasistu (instrumental singular)
rasistiem (instrumental plural)
rasistā (locative singular)
rasistos (locative plural)
rasist (singular vocative)
rasisti (plural vocative)


plecs

plecs (nominative singular)
pleci (nominative plural)
plecu (accusative singular)
plecus (accusative plural)
pleca (genitive singular)
plecu (genitive plural)
plecam (dative singular)
pleciem (dative plural)
plecu (instrumental singular)
pleciem (instrumental plural)
plecā (locative singular)
plecos (locative plural)
plec (singular vocative)
pleci (plural vocative)

pleca kauls, locītava

vīrietis platiem, šauriem, taisniem pleciem

a man of wide, narrow, straight shoulders

paraustīt, noraustīt plecus

uzlikt mugursomu uz pleciem

(anatomy) shoulder (the joining of arm and body)

jaka ar pagarinātiem pleciem

part of a garment that covers the shoulder

sviras labais, kreisais plecs

a lever's right, left arm (lit. shoulder)

one of the two halves of a lever, between the fulcrum and one of the forces


lāpstiņa

lāpstiņa (nominative singular)
lāpstiņas (nominative plural)
lāpstiņu (accusative singular)
lāpstiņas (accusative plural)
lāpstiņas (genitive singular)
lāpstiņu (genitive plural)
lāpstiņai (dative singular)
lāpstiņām (dative plural)
lāpstiņu (instrumental singular)
lāpstiņām (instrumental plural)
lāpstiņā (locative singular)
lāpstiņās (locative plural)
lāpstiņa (singular vocative)
lāpstiņas (plural vocative)

kūku lāpstiņa

stādāmā lāpstiņa

mūrnieka lāpstiņa

koku mizošanai ļoti vajadzīgs darba rīks ir mizojamā lāpstiņa

a very important tool for barking trees is the peeling blade

(tool) various blade-having tools similar to a shovel like spades, spatulas, trowels, etc.

sūkņa lāpstiņa

turbīnas lāpstiņa

ventilatora lāpstiņa

a flat, blade-like machinery element (e.g., in turbines, propellers, etc.)

labā, kreisā lāpstiņa

lāpstiņas kauls

(anatomy) shoulder blade (triangular bone behind the thorax)

visspēcīgāk izveidotas ragu lāpstiņas ir Sibīrijas aļņiem, toties Tālo Austrumu aļņiem lāpstiņas gandrīz nekad neveidojas

the Siberian elks have the most strongly developed horn blades; in contrast, the Far East elks almost never develop blades

a flat, wide, shovel-like horn structure (e.g., on an elk)


maratons

maratons (nominative singular)
maratoni (nominative plural)
maratonu (accusative singular)
maratonus (accusative plural)
maratona (genitive singular)
maratonu (genitive plural)
maratonam (dative singular)
maratoniem (dative plural)
maratonu (instrumental singular)
maratoniem (instrumental plural)
maratonā (locative singular)
maratonos (locative plural)
maraton (singular vocative)
maratoni (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from French marathon, after Ancient Greek Μαραθών (Marathṓn), a town northeast of Athens.


centiens

centiens (nominative singular)
centieni (nominative plural)
centienu (accusative singular)
centienus (accusative plural)
centiena (genitive singular)
centienu (genitive plural)
centienam (dative singular)
centieniem (dative plural)
centienu (instrumental singular)
centieniem (instrumental plural)
centienā (locative singular)
centienos (locative plural)
centien (singular vocative)
centieni (plural vocative)

From cen(sties) (“to strive for”) + -iens.

drosmīgi centieni

progresīvi centieni

tautu brīvības centieni

the people's efforts, aspiration for freedom

jaunatnes izglītības centieni

young people's efforts, aspiration for education

nepiepildīti centieni

viņa pirmais stāstu kopojums rāda, ka mums darīšana ar neapšaubāmi apdāvinātu prozaiķi, kas negrib atkārtoties, bet pateikt kaut ko savu... lai viņa literārie centieni piepildās!

his first short story collection shows that we are dealing with an undoubtably gifted prose writer who does not want to repeat, but rather to say something of his own... may his literary efforts, aspirations be fulfilled!

(usually plural) efforts, aspirations (desires or actions taken towards a certain goal)


asars

asars (nominative singular)
asari (nominative plural)
asaru (accusative singular)
asarus (accusative plural)
asara (genitive singular)
asaru (genitive plural)
asaram (dative singular)
asariem (dative plural)
asaru (instrumental singular)
asariem (instrumental plural)
asarā (locative singular)
asaros (locative plural)
asar (singular vocative)
asari (plural vocative)

(dialectal) European perch; alternative form of asaris


daoisms

daoisms ? (^(???) please provide the declension type!)


argons

argons (nominative singular)
argonu (accusative singular)
argona (genitive singular)
argonam (dative singular)
argonu (instrumental singular)
argonā (locative singular)
argon (singular vocative)

From Ancient Greek ἀργόν (argón), neuter of ἀργός (argós, “idle, lazy”), because of its inertness.

argona izotopi

argon (gaseous chemical element, an inert noble gas, with atomic number 18)


diktators

diktators m (1st declension, feminine form: diktatore)

diktatore (feminine)
diktators (nominative singular)
diktatori (nominative plural)
diktatoru (accusative singular)
diktatorus (accusative plural)
diktatora (genitive singular)
diktatoru (genitive plural)
diktatoram (dative singular)
diktatoriem (dative plural)
diktatoru (instrumental singular)
diktatoriem (instrumental plural)
diktatorā (locative singular)
diktatoros (locative plural)
diktator (singular vocative)
diktatori (plural vocative)


antimons

antimons (nominative singular)
antimonu (accusative singular)
antimona (genitive singular)
antimonam (dative singular)
antimonu (instrumental singular)
antimonā (locative singular)
antimon (singular vocative)

From Medieval Latin antimonium, of uncertain origin.

antimona sakausējums ar svinu

antimony (metalloid chemical element, quite toxic, with atomic number 51.)


jakts

jakts (nominative singular)
jaktis (nominative plural)
jakti (accusative singular)
jaktis (accusative plural)
jakts (genitive singular)
jakšu (genitive plural)
jaktij (dative singular)
jaktīm (dative plural)
jakti (instrumental singular)
jaktīm (instrumental plural)
jaktī (locative singular)
jaktīs (locative plural)
jakts (singular vocative)
jaktis (plural vocative)

From Low German jagd (Sehwers 1953) or Middle Low German jacht.


jods

jods (nominative singular)
jodu (accusative singular)
joda (genitive singular)
jodam (dative singular)
jodu (instrumental singular)
jodā (locative singular)
jod (singular vocative)

From Ancient Greek ἰοειδής (ioeidḗs, “violet”).

uder

joda savienojumi

iodine (nonmetallic chemical element, with atomic number 53.)

joda zaļā

iodine (an antiseptic that contains the element iodine)


jods

jods (nominative singular)
jodi (nominative plural)
jodu (accusative singular)
jodus (accusative plural)
joda (genitive singular)
jodu (genitive plural)
jodam (dative singular)
jodiem (dative plural)
jodu (instrumental singular)
jodiem (instrumental plural)
jodā (locative singular)
jodos (locative plural)
jod (singular vocative)
jodi (plural vocative)

(mythology) Latvian mythological being, also called velns; a devil that presides over the dead in a realm under the earth


konsuls

konsuls (nominative singular)
konsuli (nominative plural)
konsulu (accusative singular)
konsulus (accusative plural)
konsula (genitive singular)
konsulu (genitive plural)
konsulam (dative singular)
konsuliem (dative plural)
konsulu (instrumental singular)
konsuliem (instrumental plural)
konsulā (locative singular)
konsulos (locative plural)
konsul (singular vocative)
konsuli (plural vocative)

consul (official residing in major foreign towns to represent and protect the interests of the merchants and citizens of their country)

heads of government
head of government#English

Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire#English

(historical) consul (either of the two heads of government and state of the Roman Republic or the equivalent nominal post under the Roman and Byzantine Empires)

heads of government
heads of government#English

(historical) consul (any of the three heads of government and state of France between 1799 and 1804)


mikrons

mikrons (nominative singular)
mikroni (nominative plural)
mikronu (accusative singular)
mikronus (accusative plural)
mikrona (genitive singular)
mikronu (genitive plural)
mikronam (dative singular)
mikroniem (dative plural)
mikronu (instrumental singular)
mikroniem (instrumental plural)
mikronā (locative singular)
mikronos (locative plural)
mikron (singular vocative)
mikroni (plural vocative)


paleontologs

lv-noun

paleontologs m (1st declension, feminine form: paleontoloģe)

paleontoloģe (feminine)
paleontologs (nominative singular)
paleontologi (nominative plural)
paleontologu (accusative singular)
paleontologus (accusative plural)
paleontologa (genitive singular)
paleontologu (genitive plural)
paleontologam (dative singular)
paleontologiem (dative plural)
paleontologu (instrumental singular)
paleontologiem (instrumental plural)
paleontologā (locative singular)
paleontologos (locative plural)
paleontolog (singular vocative)
paleontologi (plural vocative)

(male) paleontologist (a specialist in paleontology)


radons

radons (nominative singular)
radonu (accusative singular)
radona (genitive singular)
radonam (dative singular)
radonu (instrumental singular)
radonā (locative singular)
radon (singular vocative)

From English, a contraction of radium emanation, since the element appears in the radioactive decay of radium.

radons ir smaga, radioaktīva cēlgāze

radon (gaseous chemical element, with atomic number 86.)


sals

sals (nominative singular)
salu (accusative singular)
sala (genitive singular)
salam (dative singular)
salu (instrumental singular)
salā (locative singular)
sal (singular vocative)

stiprs sals

uznāca sals un sniegs

spalgs sals

sajust salu

rokas salā sastingušas

(weather) intense cold, frost, with air temperature below the freezing point


volframs

volframs (nominative singular)
volframu (accusative singular)
volframa (genitive singular)
volframam (dative singular)
volframu (instrumental singular)
volframā (locative singular)
volfram (singular vocative)

volframa savienojumi

volframs ir viens no cietākajiem metāliem

tungsten (metallic chemical element, with atomic number 74.)


lejas

inflection of leja:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


skavas

inflection of skava:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


lapsenes

inflection of lapsene:
genitive singular

inflection of lapsene:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


lapsene

lapsene (nominative singular)
lapsenes (nominative plural)
lapseni (accusative singular)
lapsenes (accusative plural)
lapsenes (genitive singular)
lapseņu (genitive plural)
lapsenei (dative singular)
lapsenēm (dative plural)
lapseni (instrumental singular)
lapsenēm (instrumental plural)
lapsenē (locative singular)
lapsenēs (locative plural)
lapsene (singular vocative)
lapsenes (plural vocative)

From an earlier *lapsa + -ene, modified from *vapsa under the influence of lapsa (“fox”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wáps, from Proto-Indo-European *wóps, from a stem *webʰ- with different meanings (perhaps different homophonous stems): “to weave, to braid” (so that the wasps would have originally been seen as “those that weave (their own nest)”), and also “to scurry, to dart, to teem” (“teeming, darting insects”). Cognates include Lithuanian vapsvà, dialectal vapsà, Old Prussian wobse, Proto-Slavic *osa (Russian, Ukrainian оса́ (osá), Belarusian аса́ (asá), асва́ (asvá), Czech vosa, Polish osa), Old High German wefsa, wafsa, German Wespe, Latin vespa (< *wospā), Ossetian ӕвз- (ævz-), ӕфс (æfs, “bee”) (< Proto-Iranian *wabza-, *wapsa-).

lapseņu ligzda, pūznis

lapsenes kodiens

lapsenes dzēlums

lapseņu spiets

vientuļās, sabiedriskās lapsenes

domas pa galvu kā lapsenes šaudās

thoughts shoot around like wasps in his head

lielās, strīpotās lapsenes lidoja sirdīgi ap caurumu

the large, striped wasps flew angrily around the hole

wasp (many species of stinging flying insects resembling bees)


airi

inflection of airis:
nominative/vocative plural


alumīnijs

alumīnijs (nominative singular)
alumīniju (accusative singular)
alumīnija (genitive singular)
alumīnijam (dative singular)
alumīniju (instrumental singular)
alumīnijā (locative singular)
alumīnij (singular vocative)

From English alumina (“aluminum oxide”), from Latin alumen (“alum, bitter salt”). The name of this metal in English, aluminum, was created from alumina in 1812 by Sir Humphrey David.

alumīnija rūdas

alumīnija sakausējumi

alumīnija trauki

alumīnija caurules

alumīnija skārds

aluminum (chemical element, a light, silvery metal, with atomic number 13)


ekonomika

ekonomika (nominative singular)
ekonomiku (accusative singular)
ekonomikas (genitive singular)
ekonomikai (dative singular)
ekonomiku (instrumental singular)
ekonomikā (locative singular)
ekonomika (singular vocative)

Via some other European language, ultimately from Latin oeconomia, from Ancient Greek οἰκονομία (oikonomía, “management of a household, administration”), from οἶκος (oîkos, “house”) and νόμος (nómos, “law”).

uder

feodālisma, kapitālisma, sociālisma ekonomika

economy (total sum of resources, production, services, and capital of a given area, or in a given social domain)

Latvijas ekonomika

rūpniecības, transporta ekonomika

interesnati palūkoties, kādas būs Baltijas ekonomikas rītdiena

it is interesting to see what the tomorrow (= future) of the Baltic economy will be

economy (system of management of capital and resources, their production, distribution, and consumption)

ekonomikas zinātne

ekonomikas vēsture

ekonomikas fakultāte

studēt ekonomiku

economics (social science that studies resource production, distribution, and consumption, capital and investment, and the management of the factors of production)


filozofi

accusative/instrumental singular of filozofe


mices

inflection of mice:
nominative/accusative/vocative plural


komika

komika (nominative singular)
komiku (accusative singular)
komikas (genitive singular)
komikai (dative singular)
komiku (instrumental singular)
komikā (locative singular)
komika (singular vocative)

Probably the same as komisks: via Latin comicus, ultimately borrowed from Ancient Greek κωμικός (kōmikós).

dzejoļa komika

ar situāciju komikas palīdzību tika atklāta, pasvītrota buržuāzijas prettautiskā pozīcija

with the help of the comicality of the situation, the anti-popular position of the bourgeoisie was shown (and) underlined

comedy, comicality, buffoonery (that which causes disapproval because of its ridiculousness)

izturēšanās komika

funniness, humorousness (the quality of that which is funny, humorous)


teika

teika (nominative singular)
teikas (nominative plural)
teiku (accusative singular)
teikas (accusative plural)
teikas (genitive singular)
teiku (genitive plural)
teikai (dative singular)
teikām (dative plural)
teiku (instrumental singular)
teikām (instrumental plural)
teikā (locative singular)
teikās (locative plural)
teika (singular vocative)
teikas (plural vocative)

From the same stem as the verb teikt (“to say”) (q.v.). Dialectally and originally the meaning was “saying, talk.” The current meaning (corresponding to German Sage, Russian предание (predanije)) appeared in the 1860's, perhaps under the influence of A. Kronvalds.

latviešu tautas teika

teika par Dundagas pili

teika par Lāčplēsi

the legend of Lāčplēsis (the Bear-Slayer)

vietu teikas

stāstīt teikas

sena teika stāsta, ka Sjerraleone (tulkojumā “Lauvu kalni”) dabūjusi savu nosaukumu no portugāļu jūras braucējiem

an old legend says that Sierra Leone (literally “Lion Mountains”) obtained its name from Portuguese sailors

legend, tale (traditional folk narrative combining the real and the fantastic; the respective genre)


motoru

inflection of motors:
accusative/instrumental singular


kuce

kuce (nominative singular)
kuces (nominative plural)
kuci (accusative singular)
kuces (accusative plural)
kuces (genitive singular)
kuču (genitive plural)
kucei (dative singular)
kucēm (dative plural)
kuci (instrumental singular)
kucēm (instrumental plural)
kucē (locative singular)
kucēs (locative plural)
kuce (singular vocative)
kuces (plural vocative)

mums ir ļoti gudra kuce

kuce ar kucēniem

grūsna kuce


particips

particips (nominative singular)
participi (nominative plural)
participu (accusative singular)
participus (accusative plural)
participa (genitive singular)
participu (genitive plural)
participam (dative singular)
participiem (dative plural)
participu (instrumental singular)
participiem (instrumental plural)
participā (locative singular)
participos (locative plural)
particip (singular vocative)
participi (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin participium (“participle”).

participu deklinēšana

(linguistics, grammar) participle (a verb form having both verbal and adjectival or adverbial properties)


runas

inflection of runa:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


eksportu

inflection of eksports:
accusative/instrumental singular


temats

temats (nominative singular)
temati (nominative plural)
tematu (accusative singular)
tematus (accusative plural)
temata (genitive singular)
tematu (genitive plural)
tematam (dative singular)
tematiem (dative plural)
tematu (instrumental singular)
tematiem (instrumental plural)
tematā (locative singular)
tematos (locative plural)
temat (singular vocative)
temati (plural vocative)


komandu

inflection of komanda:
accusative/instrumental singular


mikrofons

mikrofons (nominative singular)
mikrofoni (nominative plural)
mikrofonu (accusative singular)
mikrofonus (accusative plural)
mikrofona (genitive singular)
mikrofonu (genitive plural)
mikrofonam (dative singular)
mikrofoniem (dative plural)
mikrofonu (instrumental singular)
mikrofoniem (instrumental plural)
mikrofonā (locative singular)
mikrofonos (locative plural)
mikrofon (singular vocative)
mikrofoni (plural vocative)


selga

selga (nominative singular)
selgas (nominative plural)
selgu (accusative singular)
selgas (accusative plural)
selgas (genitive singular)
selgu (genitive plural)
selgai (dative singular)
selgām (dative plural)
selgu (instrumental singular)
selgām (instrumental plural)
selgā (locative singular)
selgās (locative plural)
selga (singular vocative)
selgas (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Livonian sälga (“back; open sea”); compare cognates in other Baltic-Finnic languages (Finnish selkä (“back, open water”), Estonian selg (“back”), dialectal sälg).

izbraukt selgā

to go to the deep, open sea; to leave the coast

kuģis izbraucis selgā

the ship left the coast (into the open sea)

vējš pūš no selgas

the wind is blowing from seaways, from the open sea

a deep place, far from the coast (of a sea, big lake, river, etc.); the deep sea; the open sea


paija

paija (nominative singular)
paijas (nominative plural)
paiju (accusative singular)
paijas (accusative plural)
paijas (genitive singular)
paiju (genitive plural)
paijai (dative singular)
paijām (dative plural)
paiju (instrumental singular)
paijām (instrumental plural)
paijā (locative singular)
paijās (locative plural)
paija (singular vocative)
paijas (plural vocative)

bērni ar paijām

saimnieks tur suni kā paiju

the owner holds (= treats) his dog like a toy


kaija

kaija (nominative singular)
kaijas (nominative plural)
kaiju (accusative singular)
kaijas (accusative plural)
kaijas (genitive singular)
kaiju (genitive plural)
kaijai (dative singular)
kaijām (dative plural)
kaiju (instrumental singular)
kaijām (instrumental plural)
kaijā (locative singular)
kaijās (locative plural)
kaija (singular vocative)
kaijas (plural vocative)

Ultimately a sound symbolic word, based on the seagull's squawk (kai, ke; cf. Russian чайка (čajka)).

kaiju bars

kaiju dzimta

kaijas un albatrosi milzīgiem bariem aplido kuģi

gulls and albatrosses flew around the ship in huge groups

gull, seagull (sea bird of family Laridae, especially genus Larus)


psiholoģija

psiholoģija (nominative singular)
psiholoģiju (accusative singular)
psiholoģijas (genitive singular)
psiholoģijai (dative singular)
psiholoģiju (instrumental singular)
psiholoģijā (locative singular)
psiholoģija (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Late Latin psychologia, from Ancient Greek ψυχή (psukhḗ, “soul”) and λόγος (lógos, “word, study”), with the suffix -ia (Latvian -ija).

vispārīgā, darba, sporta psiholoģija

juridiskā, pedagoģiskā, etniskā psiholoģija

sociālā, eksperimentālā, militārā psiholoģija

social, experimental, military psychology

cilvēka, dzīvnieku psiholoģija

personības, attīstības psiholoģija

psiholoģijas priekšmets, metodes

studēt psiholoģiju

psychology (the science of human behavior and the human mind)

masu psiholoģija

izprast jauniešu psiholoģiju

to understand the psychology of young people


trusis

trusis (nominative singular)
truši (nominative plural)
trusi (accusative singular)
trušus (accusative plural)
truša (genitive singular)
trušu (genitive plural)
trusim (dative singular)
trušiem (dative plural)
trusi (instrumental singular)
trušiem (instrumental plural)
trusī (locative singular)
trušos (locative plural)
trusi (singular vocative)
truši (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Belarusian трусь (trusʹ), or perhaps from Polish truś. This word is first mentioned in 17th-century dictionaries as truš, trušs, later (18th–19th centuries) in competition with other borrowings (kraliņš from Russian кролик (krolik) or kaninķenis, kaninķins from German Kaninchen). In the 19th century, the most frequent forms were trusis and trušis, also truše; only in the 20th century did the current form become dominant.

mājas trusis

savvaļas trusis

trušu vila

trušu āda

Oryctolagus cuniculus
Oryctolagus cuniculus#Translingual


asaru

inflection of asara:
accusative/instrumental singular


asaru

(dialectal) accusative singular of asars

(dialectal) instrumental singular of asars


jena

jena (nominative singular)
jenas (nominative plural)
jenu (accusative singular)
jenas (accusative plural)
jenas (genitive singular)
jenu (genitive plural)
jenai (dative singular)
jenām (dative plural)
jenu (instrumental singular)
jenām (instrumental plural)
jenā (locative singular)
jenās (locative plural)
jena (singular vocative)
jenas (plural vocative)

piecas jenas

papīra jena

jenas kurss

grāmata maksā piecas jenas


aseris

aseris (nominative singular)
aseri (nominative plural)
aseri (accusative singular)
aserus (accusative plural)
asera (genitive singular)
aseru (genitive plural)
aserim (dative singular)
aseriem (dative plural)
aseri (instrumental singular)
aseriem (instrumental plural)
aserī (locative singular)
aseros (locative plural)
aseri (singular vocative)
aseri (plural vocative)

European perch; alternative form of asaris


okeāns

okeāns (nominative singular)
okeāni (nominative plural)
okeānu (accusative singular)
okeānus (accusative plural)
okeāna (genitive singular)
okeānu (genitive plural)
okeānam (dative singular)
okeāniem (dative plural)
okeānu (instrumental singular)
okeāniem (instrumental plural)
okeānā (locative singular)
okeānos (locative plural)
okeān (singular vocative)
okeāni (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin Ōceanus, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek Ὠκεανός (Ōkeanós, “Oceanus”), a water deity.

Atlantijas okeāns

Klusais okeāns

Ziemeļu Ledus okeāns

okeāna straumes

okeāna kuģis, tvaikonis

nedēļām ilgi kuģis brauca pa Indijas okeāna skumjajiem klajumiem

for weeks the ship sailed through the sad plains of the Indic Ocean

ocean (one of the largest natural masses of water, situated between continents)


zibens

lv-noun

zibens m (2nd declension, irregular nominative, genitive)

zibens (nominative singular)
zibeņi (nominative plural)
zibeni (accusative singular)
zibeņus (accusative plural)
zibens (genitive singular)
zibeņu (genitive plural)
zibenim (dative singular)
zibeņiem (dative plural)
zibeni (instrumental singular)
zibeņiem (instrumental plural)
zibenī (locative singular)
zibeņos (locative plural)
zibeni (singular vocative)
zibeņi (plural vocative)

Compare Lithuanian žaibas, and see Lithuanian žibėti for more.

šautras zibens

lodes, lodveida, bumbveida zibens

spožs zibens

mākslīgais zibens

zibens gaisma

zibens spēriens

zibens ātrumā

lightning (discharge of atmospheric electricity with a visible flash of light)


valūta

valūta (nominative singular)
valūtas (nominative plural)
valūtu (accusative singular)
valūtas (accusative plural)
valūtas (genitive singular)
valūtu (genitive plural)
valūtai (dative singular)
valūtām (dative plural)
valūtu (instrumental singular)
valūtām (instrumental plural)
valūtā (locative singular)
valūtās (locative plural)
valūta (singular vocative)
valūtas (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian valuta (“currency”), probably via Russian валю́та (valjúta, “currency”).

stabila valūta

konvertējama valūta

pelnīt valūtu

to receive, earn currency (= foreign cash)

valūtas kurss

Igaunija sāka gatavoties nacionālās valūtas ieviešanai

Estonia began to prepare for the introduction of (its) national currency

currency (a specific, usually foreign, country's official money)


valsts

valsts (nominative singular)
valstis (nominative plural)
valsti (accusative singular)
valstis (accusative plural)
valsts (genitive singular)
valstu (genitive plural)
valstij (dative singular)
valstīm (dative plural)
valsti (instrumental singular)
valstīm (instrumental plural)
valstī (locative singular)
valstīs (locative plural)
valsts (singular vocative)
valstis (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *walˀstís, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wolh₁dʰh₁-ti-s, from *h₂welh₁dʰh₁-, from *h₂welh₁- (“to rule”). Morphologically from valdīt (“to reign, to rule”) (*vald-tis > *valstis > valsts; compare dialectal form valdzs).
The original meaning was “power, domination”; by the 18th century, this had been changed to “parish, fief, administrative district”, with significant geographic variation well into the 19th century. Only in the 20th century did the current meaning become stable. Cognates include Lithuanian val̃sčius (“district, parish, township”) (< *vald-tius, dialectal val̃stis), valstýbė (“country, state”), Proto-Slavic *volstь (“possession”) from *volsti (“to reign, to rule”).

cog

demokratiska, monarhiska valsts

valsts vara

valsts teritorija

valsts galva

valsts pārvalde

valsts iekšējās lietas

valsts iestāde

valsts budžets

valsts īpašums

valsts monopols

valsts valoda

valsts sekretārs, kanclers

valsts drošība

Baltijas valstis

nepievienojušās valstis

Amerikas Savienotās Valstis

state, country (a sovereign polity with a government; the territory of this polity)

augu valsts

dzīvnieku valsts

(taxonomy) kingdom (one of the highest divisions in the classification of living beings)


enerģija

enerģija (nominative singular)
enerģijas (nominative plural)
enerģiju (accusative singular)
enerģijas (accusative plural)
enerģijas (genitive singular)
enerģiju (genitive plural)
enerģijai (dative singular)
enerģijām (dative plural)
enerģiju (instrumental singular)
enerģijām (instrumental plural)
enerģijā (locative singular)
enerģijās (locative plural)
enerģija (singular vocative)
enerģijas (plural vocative)


mēnesis

mēnesis (nominative singular)
mēneši (nominative plural)
mēnesi (accusative singular)
mēnešus (accusative plural)
mēneša (genitive singular)
mēnešu (genitive plural)
mēnesim (dative singular)
mēnešiem (dative plural)
mēnesi (instrumental singular)
mēnešiem (instrumental plural)
mēnesī (locative singular)
mēnešos (locative plural)
mēnesi (singular vocative)
mēneši (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *mḗh₁n̥s (“moon, month”), from *meh₁- (“to measure”).
Cognates include Lithuanian mėnuo (“month, moon”), Old Church Slavonic мѣсѧць (měsęcĭ, “moon, month”) (whence Russian ме́сяц (mésjac), Polish miesiąc, Czech měsíc), Sanskrit मास (māsa), Persian ماه (mâh), Old Armenian ամիս (amis), Ancient Greek μήν (mḗn, “moon”), Latin mēnsis (“month”) (whence Spanish mes, Italian mese, French mois), Proto-Celtic *mīns (whence Irish mí, Welsh mis), and Proto-Germanic *mēnōþs (“month”) (Old English mōnaþ, English month, German Monat, Dutch maand, Swedish månad).

cog

pavasara, rudens mēneši

mēneša vidējā temperatūra

gaidīt vairākus mēnešus

ziemas mēnesis

month (one of the 12 divisions of the year)

paveikt darbu divos mēnešos

pēc mēneša

sapulce notiek reizi mēnesī

month (a period of approximately 30 days)


takas

inflection of taka:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


ragu

inflection of rags:
accusative/instrumental singular


slota

slota (nominative singular)
slotas (nominative plural)
slotu (accusative singular)
slotas (accusative plural)
slotas (genitive singular)
slotu (genitive plural)
slotai (dative singular)
slotām (dative plural)
slotu (instrumental singular)
slotām (instrumental plural)
slotā (locative singular)
slotās (locative plural)
slota (singular vocative)
slotas (plural vocative)

From an earlier verb *slot (“to slide, to slip; to wipe, to sweep”) (cf. Lithuanian šlúoti “to wipe, to sweep”), made into a second declension feminine noun in -a; the verb, in turn, came from Proto-Baltic *šlōw-, from Proto-Indo-European *slow-, *slow- (“to slide”), perhaps a parellel form of *ḱlew- (“to rinse, to clean, to slide”). From the same stem came also Latvian slaucīt (“to wipe, to sweep”) (q.v.). Cognates include Lithuanian šlúota.

slotaskāts, slotaskāts

krāsns slota

slaucīt pagalmu ar slotu

es ar slotu slaucīšu grīdu

pērties ar bērza slotu

to hit oneself with a birch broom (in a steam bath)

broom, besom (utensil for sweeping, traditionally made with a bundle of twigs or straws tied together onto a shaft, more recently with a brush at the end of a long shaft)


vadu

accusative/instrumental singular of vads


segas

inflection of sega:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


segu

inflection of sega:
accusative/instrumental singular


buteli

(dialectal) accusative singular of butele

(dialectal) instrumental singular of butele


profesori

nominative/accusative plural of profesors

accusative/instrumental singular of profesore


jautājums

jautājums (nominative singular)
jautājumi (nominative plural)
jautājumu (accusative singular)
jautājumus (accusative plural)
jautājuma (genitive singular)
jautājumu (genitive plural)
jautājumam (dative singular)
jautājumiem (dative plural)
jautājumu (instrumental singular)
jautājumiem (instrumental plural)
jautājumā (locative singular)
jautājumos (locative plural)
jautājum (singular vocative)
jautājumi (plural vocative)

From jautāt (“to ask (past stem jautāj-)”) + -ums.

suffix

to ask <small>(past stem jautāj-</small>)


slokas

inflection of sloka:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


tulku

inflection of tulks:
accusative/instrumental singular


akcentu

inflection of akcents:
accusative/instrumental singular


projektu

inflection of projekts:
accusative/instrumental singular


lapseni

accusative/instrumental singular of lapsene


princeses

inflection of princese:
genitive singular

inflection of princese:
nominative/accusative/vocative plural


poga

poga (nominative singular)
pogas (nominative plural)
pogu (accusative singular)
pogas (accusative plural)
pogas (genitive singular)
pogu (genitive plural)
pogai (dative singular)
pogām (dative plural)
pogu (instrumental singular)
pogām (instrumental plural)
pogā (locative singular)
pogās (locative plural)
poga (singular vocative)
pogas (plural vocative)


maisiņš

maisiņš (nominative singular)
maisiņi (nominative plural)
maisiņu (accusative singular)
maisiņus (accusative plural)
maisiņa (genitive singular)
maisiņu (genitive plural)
maisiņam (dative singular)
maisiņiem (dative plural)
maisiņu (instrumental singular)
maisiņiem (instrumental plural)
maisiņā (locative singular)
maisiņos (locative plural)
maisiņ (singular vocative)
maisiņi (plural vocative)


sēklinieku maisiņš

sēklinieku maisiņš (nominative singular)
sēklinieku maisiņi (nominative plural)
sēklinieku maisiņu (accusative singular)
sēklinieku maisiņus (accusative plural)
sēklinieku maisiņa (genitive singular)
sēklinieku maisiņu (genitive plural)
sēklinieku maisiņam (dative singular)
sēklinieku maisiņiem (dative plural)
sēklinieku maisiņu (instrumental singular)
sēklinieku maisiņiem (instrumental plural)
sēklinieku maisiņā (locative singular)
sēklinieku maisiņos (locative plural)
sēklinieku maisiņ (singular vocative)
sēklinieku maisiņi (plural vocative)


progresu

inflection of progress:
accusative/instrumental singular


ministru

inflection of ministrs:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of ministre:
accusative/instrumental singular


tabaku

inflection of tabaka:
accusative/instrumental singular


klasifikācija

klasifikācija (nominative singular)
klasifikācijas (nominative plural)
klasifikāciju (accusative singular)
klasifikācijas (accusative plural)
klasifikācijas (genitive singular)
klasifikāciju (genitive plural)
klasifikācijai (dative singular)
klasifikācijām (dative plural)
klasifikāciju (instrumental singular)
klasifikācijām (instrumental plural)
klasifikācijā (locative singular)
klasifikācijās (locative plural)
klasifikācija (singular vocative)
klasifikācijas (plural vocative)


teces

inflection of tece:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


pediņš

pediņš (nominative singular)
pediņi (nominative plural)
pediņu (accusative singular)
pediņus (accusative plural)
pediņa (genitive singular)
pediņu (genitive plural)
pediņam (dative singular)
pediņiem (dative plural)
pediņu (instrumental singular)
pediņiem (instrumental plural)
pediņā (locative singular)
pediņos (locative plural)
pediņ (singular vocative)
pediņi (plural vocative)

sūkā manu pipeli, pediņ


homiķis

homiķis (nominative singular)
homiķi (nominative plural)
homiķi (accusative singular)
homiķus (accusative plural)
homiķa (genitive singular)
homiķu (genitive plural)
homiķim (dative singular)
homiķiem (dative plural)
homiķi (instrumental singular)
homiķiem (instrumental plural)
homiķī (locative singular)
homiķos (locative plural)
homiķi (singular vocative)
homiķi (plural vocative)

From homo-, used to mean homosexuality. The ending -(i)ķis may be some kind of diminutive (compare Russian гомик (gomik)).


pēcpuse

pēcpuse (nominative singular)
pēcpuses (nominative plural)
pēcpusi (accusative singular)
pēcpuses (accusative plural)
pēcpuses (genitive singular)
pēcpušu (genitive plural)
pēcpusei (dative singular)
pēcpusēm (dative plural)
pēcpusi (instrumental singular)
pēcpusēm (instrumental plural)
pēcpusē (locative singular)
pēcpusēs (locative plural)
pēcpuse (singular vocative)
pēcpuses (plural vocative)

(anatomy) (slang, vulgar) tail, ass, butt


ejakulācija

ejakulācija (nominative singular)
ejakulācijas (nominative plural)
ejakulāciju (accusative singular)
ejakulācijas (accusative plural)
ejakulācijas (genitive singular)
ejakulāciju (genitive plural)
ejakulācijai (dative singular)
ejakulācijām (dative plural)
ejakulāciju (instrumental singular)
ejakulācijām (instrumental plural)
ejakulācijā (locative singular)
ejakulācijās (locative plural)
ejakulācija (singular vocative)
ejakulācijas (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin ēiaculātiō (“shooting or gushing forth”), made into a 4th declension feminine noun ( + -ija).

bor

ejakulācijai ir liela nozīme apaugļošanās procesā

ejaculation plays an important role in the process of fertilization

ejaculation (forcible ejection of semen from the urethra, usually accompanied by orgasm)


tūplis

tūplis (nominative singular)
tūpļi (nominative plural)
tūpli (accusative singular)
tūpļus (accusative plural)
tūpļa (genitive singular)
tūpļu (genitive plural)
tūplim (dative singular)
tūpļiem (dative plural)
tūpli (instrumental singular)
tūpļiem (instrumental plural)
tūplī (locative singular)
tūpļos (locative plural)
tūpli (singular vocative)
tūpļi (plural vocative)


sēklinieks

sēklinieks (nominative singular)
sēklinieki (nominative plural)
sēklinieku (accusative singular)
sēkliniekus (accusative plural)
sēklinieka (genitive singular)
sēklinieku (genitive plural)
sēkliniekam (dative singular)
sēkliniekiem (dative plural)
sēklinieku (instrumental singular)
sēkliniekiem (instrumental plural)
sēkliniekā (locative singular)
sēkliniekos (locative plural)
sēkliniek (singular vocative)
sēklinieki (plural vocative)

(agriculture) plant, fruit cultivated for its seeds


sēkla

sēkla (nominative singular)
sēklas (nominative plural)
sēklu (accusative singular)
sēklas (accusative plural)
sēklas (genitive singular)
sēklu (genitive plural)
sēklai (dative singular)
sēklām (dative plural)
sēklu (instrumental singular)
sēklām (instrumental plural)
sēklā (locative singular)
sēklās (locative plural)
sēkla (singular vocative)
sēklas (plural vocative)

Common Baltic, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂éytlom (“lifetime, lifespan”). Compare to Lithuanian sėkla.


atvere

atvere (nominative singular)
atveres (nominative plural)
atveri (accusative singular)
atveres (accusative plural)
atveres (genitive singular)
atveru (genitive plural)
atverei (dative singular)
atverēm (dative plural)
atveri (instrumental singular)
atverēm (instrumental plural)
atverē (locative singular)
atverēs (locative plural)
atvere (singular vocative)
atveres (plural vocative)

From atvērt (“to open”) + -e, with ē > e shortening (and with atvērt from at- + vērt (“to open, to close”)).

deguna atveres

žaunu atvere

aortas atvere

anālā atvere

varavīksnenes vidū atrodas apaļa, melna atvere: zīlīte

in the middle of the iris (in the eye) there is a round, black opening: the pupil

opening, orifice (a gap or hole in an organism or in a specific organ)

mutuļo un krāc Jeņiseja, lauzdamās cauri aizsprosta atverēm

the Yenisey (river) swirled and roared, breaking through the openings in the dam

opening, orifice (a gap or hole in a mechanism or machine)

te nokritis meteorīts, izveidojot lielu, dziļu atveri diametrā ap 100 m, kas piepildījusies ar ūdeni

here the meteorite fell, creating a large, deep hole with (lit. in) a diameter of about 100 m, which is filled with water

(rare) hole, concavity, depression (on a surface)


homoseksuālisms

homoseksuālisms (nominative singular)
homoseksuālismu (accusative singular)
homoseksuālisma (genitive singular)
homoseksuālismam (dative singular)
homoseksuālismu (instrumental singular)
homoseksuālismā (locative singular)
homoseksuālism (singular vocative)

From homoseksuāls + -isms (with homoseksuāls from homo- + seksuāls, with seksuāls from sekss (“sex”) + -āls). Probably not derived as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from other European languages.


pimpis

pimpis (nominative singular)
pimpji (nominative plural)
pimpi (accusative singular)
pimpjus (accusative plural)
pimpja (genitive singular)
pimpju (genitive plural)
pimpim (dative singular)
pimpjiem (dative plural)
pimpi (instrumental singular)
pimpjiem (instrumental plural)
pimpī (locative singular)
pimpjos (locative plural)
pimpi (singular vocative)
pimpji (plural vocative)

(anatomy) (vulgar, slang) penis; dick, cock, prick


pipele

pipele (nominative singular)
pipeles (nominative plural)
pipeli (accusative singular)
pipeles (accusative plural)
pipeles (genitive singular)
pipeļu (genitive plural)
pipelei (dative singular)
pipelēm (dative plural)
pipeli (instrumental singular)
pipelēm (instrumental plural)
pipelē (locative singular)
pipelēs (locative plural)
pipele (singular vocative)
pipeles (plural vocative)

sūkā manu pipeli, pediņ

(anatomy) (vulgar slang) penis; dick, cock, prick


krusts

krusts (nominative singular)
krusti (nominative plural)
krustu (accusative singular)
krustus (accusative plural)
krusta (genitive singular)
krustu (genitive plural)
krustam (dative singular)
krustiem (dative plural)
krustu (instrumental singular)
krustiem (instrumental plural)
krustā (locative singular)
krustos (locative plural)
krust (singular vocative)
krusti (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old East Slavic крьстъ (krĭstŭ) (compare Russian крест (krest)) (from Old High German Christ (“Christ”)), which regularly yielded Latvian dialectal krists. The u of the standard Latvian form krusts, however, is not obviously explainable. There are several theories: contamination of Latin crux (“cross”) and Christus (words that Latvians would often hear in Latin in church), influence of Old East Slavic *кръстъ (*krŭstŭ), an earlier borrowing from Old Norse kross (with an open o which old Baltic dialects would have borrowed as u); or perhaps no borrowing (krusts might come from an old Proto-Indo-European word cognate with Latin crux).

mirt pie krusta

nāve pie krusta

(historical, Ancient Rome) cross (wooden post with attached beam used to execute criminals by crucifixion)

katram savs krusts jānes

nedod dievs kādu krustu!

may god not give such hardship (lit. cross)

(figuratively) suffering, hardship; nuisance (by implicit comparison with the crucifixion)

koka, marmora, zelta krusts

kapa krusts

apzīmēt ar krustu, ar krusta zīmi

(pār)mest, (aiz)mest krustu

to make (lit. throw) the sign of the cross

(Christianity) cross (main symbol of the Christian religion, in the shape of the instrument used to execute Jesus)

esmu apbalvots ar dzelzs krustu un citiem ordeņiem

I was awarded the iron cross and other medals

cross ((non-religious) decoration in the shape of a cross)

ķeltu krusts

Maltas krusts

ugunskrusts, kāškrusts

swastika (lit. fire cross, hook(ed) cross)

cross (symbol, ornament or decorative element, consisting of at least two lines that cross)

krusta velve

cross (objects, elements that cross each other)

krusta astotnieks

(card games) clubs (one of the four suits of playing cards, marked with the symbol ♣)


melis

lv-noun

melis m (2nd declension, feminine form: mele)

mele (feminine)
melis (nominative singular)
meļi (nominative plural)
meli (accusative singular)
meļus (accusative plural)
meļa (genitive singular)
meļu (genitive plural)
melim (dative singular)
meļiem (dative plural)
meli (instrumental singular)
meļiem (instrumental plural)
melī (locative singular)
meļos (locative plural)
meli (singular vocative)
meļi (plural vocative)

Derived from the same stem as Latvian meli (“lie, untruth”) (q.v.), made into a 2nd-declension masculine noun.

meļu, blēžu un krāpnieku banda

atmaskot meli

par Rabaru teica: tas esot tāds melis, ka pašu vilku varot izmelot no meža lauka

about Rabars they said: he is such a liar, he could even convince a wolf to come out of the woods

(male) liar, deceiver (someone who tells lies, who deceives others)


lapsas

inflection of lapsa:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


daile

daile (nominative singular)
daili (accusative singular)
dailes (genitive singular)
dailei (dative singular)
daili (instrumental singular)
dailē (locative singular)
daile (singular vocative)

A word coined from daiļš (“beautiful”) + -e by Atis Kronvalds in 1868, following the model of Lithuanian dailė (“art”). Kronvalds proposed a number of other derivations from daiļš, of which only daile was retained in the (poetic) literary language, not with his intended basic meaning, “art” (which is usually māksla), but rather “beauty.”

dabas daile

spēks un daile

mūzikas daile

tikai pēc laiciņa viņš atklāja šo meitenes acu brīnumaino daili

only after a little while he discovered the wondrous beauty of that girl's eyes

dailes teātris

ir krievu valodā un dailē gars, tur spēks un smalkums, plašums, kaislas liesmas

in the Russian language and art there is a spirit, there is strength and finesse, breadth, passion flames


sāts

sāts (nominative singular)
sātu (accusative singular)
sāta (genitive singular)
sātam (dative singular)
sātu (instrumental singular)
sātā (locative singular)
sāt (singular vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *seh₂- (“to satiate, be satisfied”). Cognates include Lithuanian sotis (“satiety”), Sanskrit असिन्व (a-sinvá, “insatiable”), Ancient Greek ἄω (áō, “to satiate”) Latin satis (“enough, filled”) and Old English sæd (“full, sated”).


vannu

inflection of vanna:
accusative/instrumental singular


ventilis

ventilis (nominative singular)
ventiļi (nominative plural)
ventili (accusative singular)
ventiļus (accusative plural)
ventiļa (genitive singular)
ventiļu (genitive plural)
ventilim (dative singular)
ventiļiem (dative plural)
ventili (instrumental singular)
ventiļiem (instrumental plural)
ventilī (locative singular)
ventiļos (locative plural)
ventili (singular vocative)
ventiļi (plural vocative)

valve (a device that controls the flow of a gas or fluid)

logic gate (a physical device, typically electronic, which computes a Boolean logical output (0 or 1) from Boolean input or inputs according to the rules of some logical operator.)


ananass

ananass (nominative singular)
ananasi (nominative plural)
ananasu (accusative singular)
ananasus (accusative plural)
ananasa (genitive singular)
ananasu (genitive plural)
ananasam (dative singular)
ananasiem (dative plural)
ananasu (instrumental singular)
ananasiem (instrumental plural)
ananasā (locative singular)
ananasos (locative plural)
ananas (singular vocative)
ananasi (plural vocative)

From German Ananas, from Portuguese ananás, originally from Old Tupi nanas (“excellent fruit”).

ananasu plantācijas

kultivēt ananasus

svarīgs kultūraugs ir ananass, kas savvaļā aug Vidusamerikā

the pineapple, which grows wild in Central America, is an important crop

Ananas comosus
Ananas comosus#Translingual

pineapple (tropical plant with big, juicy, aromatic fruit, esp. Ananas comosus)

ananasu sula

konservēti ananasi


faraons

faraons (nominative singular)
faraoni (nominative plural)
faraonu (accusative singular)
faraonus (accusative plural)
faraona (genitive singular)
faraonu (genitive plural)
faraonam (dative singular)
faraoniem (dative plural)
faraonu (instrumental singular)
faraoniem (instrumental plural)
faraonā (locative singular)
faraonos (locative plural)
faraon (singular vocative)
faraoni (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Ancient Greek Φαραώ (Pharaṓ), from Hebrew פַּרְעֹה (par‘ōh), from Egyptian pr-ꜥꜣ (“palace, pharaoh”, literally “pr (“house”) + ꜥꜣ (“great, big”)”).

der

pharaoh (a supreme ruler in Ancient Egypt)


kopu

inflection of kopa:
accusative/instrumental singular


teci

accusative/instrumental singular of tece


tece

tece (nominative singular)
teces (nominative plural)
teci (accusative singular)
teces (accusative plural)
teces (genitive singular)
teču (genitive plural)
tecei (dative singular)
tecēm (dative plural)
teci (instrumental singular)
tecēm (instrumental plural)
tecē (locative singular)
tecēs (locative plural)
tece (singular vocative)
teces (plural vocative)

(chiefly in the singular) flow, flowing (general process)

upes tece

strauja, rāma tece

lietus teču izvagots uzbērums

upes teces līnija

augštece, augšas tece

upper reaches, course (of a river, canal, etc.)

lejtece, lejas tece

lower reaches, course (of a river, canal, etc.)

(of water, river, rain, etc.) flow, stream

tece degvielas vados

jumtaugšā ir tece, pa kuru mājā ieplūst ūdens

on the top of the roof there is a leak through which water flows into the house

leak (undesired flow of liquid caused by loss of hermeticity, e.g., a hole, crack, etc.; the hole or crack that causes it)


tintes

inflection of tinte:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


informācija

informācija (nominative singular)
informācijas (nominative plural)
informāciju (accusative singular)
informācijas (accusative plural)
informācijas (genitive singular)
informāciju (genitive plural)
informācijai (dative singular)
informācijām (dative plural)
informāciju (instrumental singular)
informācijām (instrumental plural)
informācijā (locative singular)
informācijās (locative plural)
informācija (singular vocative)
informācijas (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Russian информа́ція (informácija), from Latin īnfōrmātiō.


maksts

maksts (nominative singular)
makstis (nominative plural)
maksti (accusative singular)
makstis (accusative plural)
maksts (genitive singular)
makstu (genitive plural)
makstij (dative singular)
makstīm (dative plural)
maksti (instrumental singular)
makstīm (instrumental plural)
makstī (locative singular)
makstīs (locative plural)
maksts (singular vocative)
makstis (plural vocative)

From the same stem as maks (“purse, pouch”) (q.v.): Proto-Indo-European *mak- (“(skin) bag, sack”), with an extra suffix -t. Cognates include Lithuanian makštìs.

uder

maksts gļotāda

maksts fizioloģija

(anatomy) vagina, vulva (a woman's external sexual organs)

izvilkt zobenu no maksts

iebāzt zobenu makstī

revolvera maksts


anālā atvere

anālā atvere (nominative singular)
anālās atveres (nominative plural)
anālo atveri (accusative singular)
anālās atveres (accusative plural)
anālās atveres (genitive singular)
anālo atveru (genitive plural)
anālajai atverei (dative singular)
anālajām atverēm (dative plural)
anālo atveri (instrumental singular)
anālajām atverēm (instrumental plural)
anālajā atverē (locative singular)
anālajās atverēs (locative plural)
anālo atvere (singular vocative)
anālā atvere (singular vocative)
anālās atveres (plural vocative)

anālā atvere ir taisnās zarnas beigu daļa

the anal orifice is the final part of the rectum

zivīm, abiniekiem, rāpuļiem un putniem anālo atveri dēvē par kloāku

the anal orifice of fish, amphibians, reptiles and birds is called cloaca


spani

(dialectal) accusative singular of spanis

(dialectal) instrumental singular of spanis


trafarets

trafarets (nominative singular)
trafareti (nominative plural)
trafaretu (accusative singular)
trafaretus (accusative plural)
trafareta (genitive singular)
trafaretu (genitive plural)
trafaretam (dative singular)
trafaretiem (dative plural)
trafaretu (instrumental singular)
trafaretiem (instrumental plural)
trafaretā (locative singular)
trafaretos (locative plural)
trafaret (singular vocative)
trafareti (plural vocative)


iespiešana

iespiešana (nominative singular)
iespiešanas (nominative plural)
iespiešanu (accusative singular)
iespiešanas (accusative plural)
iespiešanas (genitive singular)
iespiešanu (genitive plural)
iespiešanai (dative singular)
iespiešanām (dative plural)
iespiešanu (instrumental singular)
iespiešanām (instrumental plural)
iespiešanā (locative singular)
iespiešanās (locative plural)
iespiešana (singular vocative)
iespiešanas (plural vocative)

From iespiest (“press”) + -šana (“-ing”) (with iespiest from ie- (“in, to”) + spiest (“press”).


svari

(only plural) scales, balance, instrument for measuring weight; see svars


robu

inflection of robs:
accusative/instrumental singular


stulms

stulms (nominative singular)
stulmi (nominative plural)
stulmu (accusative singular)
stulmus (accusative plural)
stulma (genitive singular)
stulmu (genitive plural)
stulmam (dative singular)
stulmiem (dative plural)
stulmu (instrumental singular)
stulmiem (instrumental plural)
stulmā (locative singular)
stulmos (locative plural)
stulm (singular vocative)
stulmi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *stulm-, from Proto-Indo-European *stl̥m, from the zero grade form of *stel- (“to put in standing position; to stand; standing, immobile, stiff”) with an extra element -m. Cognates include Swedish stolm (“stubble”).

stulmu zābaki

sabāzt bikšu galus stulmos

stuff the ends of one's pants into one's boot legs

top of a boot, the part that covers the shin up to the knees; boot leg


filozofe

lv-noun

filozofe f (5th declension, masculine form: filozofs)

filozofs (masculine)
filozofe (nominative singular)
filozofes (nominative plural)
filozofi (accusative singular)
filozofes (accusative plural)
filozofes (genitive singular)
filozofu (genitive plural)
filozofei (dative singular)
filozofēm (dative plural)
filozofi (instrumental singular)
filozofēm (instrumental plural)
filozofē (locative singular)
filozofēs (locative plural)
filozofe (singular vocative)
filozofes (plural vocative)

From filozofs (“philosopher”) + -e (“fem.”).

(female) philosopher (a specialist in philosophy; a person who enjoys thinking about fundamental questions))


bumba

bumba (nominative singular)
bumbas (nominative plural)
bumbu (accusative singular)
bumbas (accusative plural)
bumbas (genitive singular)
bumbu (genitive plural)
bumbai (dative singular)
bumbām (dative plural)
bumbu (instrumental singular)
bumbām (instrumental plural)
bumbā (locative singular)
bumbās (locative plural)
bumba (singular vocative)
bumbas (plural vocative)

gumijas, ādas bumba

futbola, basketbola, volejbola bumba

tenisa bumba

piesūknēt bumbu

rotaļāties ar bumbu

mest bumbu

bumba atlec no zemes

apaļs kā bumba

(sports) ball (globe of flexible material, for playing, for sports, for gymnastics)

dekoratīvas stikla bumbas

biljarda bumbas

fugasa bumba

šķembu bumba

bumba ar laika degli

ķīmiskā bumba

ūdeņraža bumba

mest bumbas

kā bumbas sprādziens

like a bomb exploding (= sudden, unexpected)

(weaponry) bomb (metal shell filled with explosives)


tablete

tablete (nominative singular)
tabletes (nominative plural)
tableti (accusative singular)
tabletes (accusative plural)
tabletes (genitive singular)
tablešu (genitive plural)
tabletei (dative singular)
tabletēm (dative plural)
tableti (instrumental singular)
tabletēm (instrumental plural)
tabletē (locative singular)
tabletēs (locative plural)
tablete (singular vocative)
tabletes (plural vocative)


laiks

laiks (nominative singular)
laiki (nominative plural)
laiku (accusative singular)
laikus (accusative plural)
laika (genitive singular)
laiku (genitive plural)
laikam (dative singular)
laikiem (dative plural)
laiku (instrumental singular)
laikiem (instrumental plural)
laikā (locative singular)
laikos (locative plural)
laik (singular vocative)
laiki (plural vocative)


mizas

inflection of miza:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


mežu

inflection of mežs:
accusative/instrumental singular


zirgu

inflection of zirgs:
accusative/instrumental singular


valodas

inflection of valoda:
nominative/accusative/vocative plural


kaklu

inflection of kakls:
accusative/instrumental singular


valodām

inflection of valoda:
instrumental plural


gaismas

inflection of gaisma:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


gaismu

inflection of gaisma:
accusative/instrumental singular


valodu

inflection of valoda:
accusative/instrumental singular


cenu

inflection of cena:
accusative/instrumental singular


ezeru

inflection of ezers:
accusative/instrumental singular


gaisu

inflection of gaiss:
accusative/instrumental singular


agresijas

inflection of agresija:
genitive/accusative singular

inflection of agresija:
nominative/vocative plural


aploku

inflection of aploks:
accusative/instrumental singular


aploki

inflection of aploks:
nominative singular


pagrabu

inflection of pagrabs:
accusative/instrumental singular


vīru

inflection of vīrs:
accusative/instrumental singular


dārzu

inflection of dārzs:
accusative/instrumental singular


agresiju

inflection of agresija:
accusative/instrumental singular


vīrusu

inflection of vīruss:
accusative/instrumental singular


darbu

inflection of darbs:
accusative/instrumental singular


čūsku

inflection of čūska:
accusative/instrumental singular


kakls

kakls (nominative singular)
kakli (nominative plural)
kaklu (accusative singular)
kaklus (accusative plural)
kakla (genitive singular)
kaklu (genitive plural)
kaklam (dative singular)
kakliem (dative plural)
kaklu (instrumental singular)
kakliem (instrumental plural)
kaklā (locative singular)
kaklos (locative plural)
kakls (singular vocative)
kakli (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kaklas, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷokʷlo-s (a variant of *kʷékʷlos (“circle, wheel”)), a reduplicated form of *kʷel- (“to turn; to move”) (whence also celis (“knee”), q.v.). Cognates include Lithuanian kãklas, Proto-Germanic *halsaz (Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐍃 (hals), German Hals).

tievs, garš, īss kakls

zoss kakls

kakla skriemeļi

izstiept kaklu

aptīt šalli ap kaklu

iekaisis kakls

skalot kaklu

kumoss iespiedies kaklā

kliegt, brēkt pilnā kaklā

pudeles kakls

vāze ar garu kaklu

dzemdes kakls

tapered, constricted part of an object or organ


čūskas

inflection of čūska:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


dēlu

inflection of dēls:
accusative/instrumental singular


meitas

inflection of meita:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


tēvu

inflection of tēvs:
accusative/instrumental singular


meitu

inflection of meita:
accusative/instrumental singular


cilvēku

inflection of cilvēks:
accusative/instrumental singular


galdu

inflection of galds:
accusative/instrumental singular


bibliotēkām

dative/instrumental plural of bibliotēka


bibliotēkas

inflection of bibliotēka:
genitive singular

inflection of bibliotēka:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


grāmatas

inflection of grāmata:
genitive singular

inflection of grāmata:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


bibliotēku

inflection of bibliotēka:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of bibliotēka:
genitive plural


grāmatu

inflection of grāmata:
accusative/instrumental singular


putnu

inflection of putns:
accusative/instrumental singular


klasifikācijām

dative/instrumental plural of klasifikācija


klasifikāciju

inflection of klasifikācija:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of klasifikācija:
genitive plural


klasifikācijas

inflection of klasifikācija:
genitive singular

inflection of klasifikācija:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


ārsti

accusative/instrumental singular of ārste


skolotāju

inflection of skolotājs:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of skolotājs:
genitive plural

inflection of skolotāja:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of skolotāja:
genitive plural


gadu

inflection of gads:
accusative/instrumental singular


ārstu

inflection of ārsts:
accusative/instrumental singular


atomu

inflection of atoms:
accusative/instrumental singular


pagrabs

pagrabs (nominative singular)
pagrabi (nominative plural)
pagrabu (accusative singular)
pagrabus (accusative plural)
pagraba (genitive singular)
pagrabu (genitive plural)
pagrabam (dative singular)
pagrabiem (dative plural)
pagrabu (instrumental singular)
pagrabiem (instrumental plural)
pagrabā (locative singular)
pagrabos (locative plural)
pagrab (singular vocative)
pagrabi (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old East Slavic погробъ (pogrobŭ, “pit with a cover on top”) (cf. Russian по́греб (pógreb, “cellar, warehouse”)), itself derived from погребати (pogrebati, “to rake, to dig”). Given its form, this word must have been borrowed before the 13th century, though it is first mentioned only in 17th-century Latvian dictionaries.

cog

pagraba dzīvoklis

pagraba logs

kartupeļu, dārzeņu pagrabs

vīna pagrabs

cellar, basement (underground floor or space under a building)


dēli

vocative/accusative/instrumental singular of dēlis


ārsts

lv-noun

ārsts m (1st declension, feminine form: ārste)

ārste (feminine)
ārsts (nominative singular)
ārsti (nominative plural)
ārstu (accusative singular)
ārstus (accusative plural)
ārsta (genitive singular)
ārstu (genitive plural)
ārstam (dative singular)
ārstiem (dative plural)
ārstu (instrumental singular)
ārstiem (instrumental plural)
ārstā (locative singular)
ārstos (locative plural)
ārst (singular vocative)
ārsti (plural vocative)

First mentioned in 16th-century translations, borrowed from Middle High German arste or Middle Dutch aerste, both derived from Vulgar Latin archiāter, from Ancient Greek ἀρχιατρός (arkhiatrós, “chief physician”).

uder

griezties pie ārsta

ārsts terapeits

bērnu ārsts

slimnīcas galvenais ārsts

ārsta palīdzība

ārsta konsultācija

(male) doctor, physician (a specialist with a medical education who treats patients)


aploks

aploks (nominative singular)
aploki (nominative plural)
aploku (accusative singular)
aplokus (accusative plural)
aploka (genitive singular)
aploku (genitive plural)
aplokam (dative singular)
aplokiem (dative plural)
aploku (instrumental singular)
aplokiem (instrumental plural)
aplokā (locative singular)
aplokos (locative plural)
aplok (singular vocative)
aploki (plural vocative)

cūku aploks

teļu aploks

turēt govis aplokā

viņa katru rītu paganīja lopus un zirgu uz papuves un tade sadzina aplokā

every morning she took the (farm) animals and the horse to the fallow to graze and then brought them (back) to the corral

enclosure for farm animals to live or to graze, corral, pen, paddock, enclosed pasture


skolotāja

lv-noun

skolotāja f (4th declension, masculine form: skolotājs)

skolotājs (masculine)
skolotāja (nominative singular)
skolotājas (nominative plural)
skolotāju (accusative singular)
skolotājas (accusative plural)
skolotājas (genitive singular)
skolotāju (genitive plural)
skolotājai (dative singular)
skolotājām (dative plural)
skolotāju (instrumental singular)
skolotājām (instrumental plural)
skolotājā (locative singular)
skolotājās (locative plural)
skolotāja (singular vocative)
skolotājas (plural vocative)

From skolot (“to instruct”) + -āja, or skolotājs (“teacher”) + -a (“fem.”).

bērnudārza skolotāja

bioloģijas skolotāja

kāpēc tava skolotāja ir pati labākā?

why is your (female) teacher the best of all?

(female) teacher (woman who teaches schoolchildren at a school)


dēls

dēls (nominative singular)
dēli (nominative plural)
dēlu (accusative singular)
dēlus (accusative plural)
dēla (genitive singular)
dēlu (genitive plural)
dēlam (dative singular)
dēliem (dative plural)
dēlu (instrumental singular)
dēliem (instrumental plural)
dēlā (locative singular)
dēlos (locative plural)
dēls (singular vocative)
dēli (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *dē-, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰē-, *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suckle, to nurse”) (whence also Latvian dēle (“leech”), q.v.); the original meaning was thus “one to nurse,” “suckling one,” “baby” (cf. Latin fellāre (“to nurse”), filius (“son”) < *fēlios < *dʰeh₁(y)-li-os). Cognates include Proto-Slavic *dětę (Russian дети (deti, “children”)), Albanian djalë (“boy, son”). The term dēls replaced an earlier *sūn(u)s, the original Indo-European word for “son” (cf. Lithuanian sūnùs, English son, Russian сын (syn)). This is usually explained as the result of taboo: the ‘real’ word for “son” was avoided so as not to attract the attention of evil spirits. Note that the languages that lack a reflex of this original word (Latin, Celtic, Latvian, Albanian) also lack the corresponding word for “daughter” (cf. Lithuanian duktė̃, Russian дочь (dočʹ), German Tochter); this suggests that there may have been dialectal differences in Proto-Indo-European concerning words for children.

dēls ar māti

jaunākais, vecākais dēls

pašu dēls

īstais dēls

vienīgais dēls

brāļa, māsas dēls

dēls ļoti rūpējās par saviem vecākiem

son (a male child, in relation to his parents)

“Grobiņa tēv, vai tu domā, ka tava nauda nestāv droši?” Jānis jautāja; “... nu, dēls, par drošību, drošības dēļ nav ko runāt...”

“Father (of the) Grobiņš (= Mr Grobiņš), do you think that your money is not safe?” Jānis asked; “... well, son, there is nothing to say about, about security...”

(colloquial) son (a form of address used by an older person talking to a younger man)

Latvijas zemes dēls

a son of the land of Latvia (= a Latvian)

dažādu tautu dēli un meitas

the sons and daughters of various nations

(poetic) son (a member of a people, group, etc.)


cilvēks

cilvēks (nominative singular)
cilvēki (nominative plural)
cilvēku (accusative singular)
cilvēkus (accusative plural)
cilvēka (genitive singular)
cilvēku (genitive plural)
cilvēkam (dative singular)
cilvēkiem (dative plural)
cilvēku (instrumental singular)
cilvēkiem (instrumental plural)
cilvēkā (locative singular)
cilvēkos (locative plural)
cilvēk (singular vocative)
cilvēki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old East Slavic человѣкъ (čelověkŭ) (cf. Russian челове́к (čelovék), from Proto-Slavic *čelověkъ, from earlier *kelověkъ). The word vīrs (“man, male”) had previously been used to mean also “human being,” given the loss of a previous specific term (cf. Lithuanian žmogùs, Latin homo); this polysemy may have motivated the borrowing.

labs, jauns, jautrs cilvēks

gudrs cilvēks

noslēgts cilvēks

cilvēka izcelšanās

cilvēka attīstība

cilvēka cieņa

cilvēku sabiedrība

precēts cilvēks

ģimenes cilvēks

mieras cilvēks

person, human being (a member of the Homo sapiens species, capable of thinking and speaking)

tie bija cilvēki, tur bērns varēja dzīvot

those were (good) people, there (= with them) a child could live

(good) person (one who is not insensitive, who is kindhearted, helpful)

uz ielas cilvēku pūlis

on the street (there was) a crowd of people

ē, puiši! ē, meitas! ē, cilvēki! palīgā, palīgā!

hey, guys! hey, girls! hey, people! help, help!

(in plural) people (an undefined group of men and/or women)


meita

meita (nominative singular)
meitas (nominative plural)
meitu (accusative singular)
meitas (accusative plural)
meitas (genitive singular)
meitu (genitive plural)
meitai (dative singular)
meitām (dative plural)
meitu (instrumental singular)
meitām (instrumental plural)
meitā (locative singular)
meitās (locative plural)
meit (singular vocative)
meitas (plural vocative)

Traditionally, this word is considered borrowed from Middle Low German meid (“female servant”) (or from Middle High German meyt, meyde, or Middle Dutch meit), which replaced an older Proto-Indo-European word, probably *dukte, cognate with Lithuanian duktė̃, Old Prussian duckti, Russian дочь (doč’), German Tochter, English daughter (< Proto-Indo-European *dʰugh₂tḗr). It has, however, been pointed out that (a) the meaning “daughter” is older (“servant” is attested only from the 19th century), which is the opposite of what should happen if it were a borrowing from Germanic; (b) the broken intonation is not usual in borrowings from Germanic; and (c) the presumed original word *dukte has left no trace in place names, dialectal forms, etc. On account of that, some researchers believe that meita is not a borrowing, but actually the original word for “daughter” in Latvian, i.e. Latvian did not derive “daughter” from Proto-Indo-European *dʰugh₂tḗr (like Latin, which has fīlia). A possible source would be Proto-Indo-European *mēy- (“soft, tender, dear”), with an extra t; meita would have originally been the feminine form of the resulting adjective *meits (“tender, dear, loved”). Another possibility would be the same stem as mīt (“to change”): the original meaning would have been “changing (status, via marriage)” > “young woman about to get married” > “unmarried young woman; daughter.”

der

māte un meita

vecākā, jaunākā meita

vienīgā meita

māsas meita

mātei bija divi dēli un trīs meitas

the mother had two sons and three daughters

onkulim ir meita, agronome Kurzemē

uncle has a daughter, an agronomist in Courland

daughter (a female child, with respect to her parents)

meitas dienas

young woman's days (i.e., before marriage)

meitas uzvārds

meža meitas

meitu mednieks

young woman hunter (a man who uses every chance to start a love affair)

jā, viņa, mana māte, bijusi daiļa meita, un daudzi jaunekļi viņu kārojuši sev par sievu

yes, she, my mother, was a beautiful young woman, and many young men wanted her as their wife

“parunā gan, meit”, Pakalns dzīvi atsaucās; “tev viņi vairāk klausīs”

“talk now, girl,” Pakalns answered lively; “they will hear you further”

(usually meitene) young, unmarried woman

muižas meita

vasaras meita

istabas meita

saimniece pie tā paša brauciena gribēja apraudzīties un apklausīties pēc jaunas meitas

the lady wanted, in the same trip, to come see and hear the new servants

dažādu tautu dēli un meitas

(poetic) daughter (a member of a people, ethnic group, etc.)


tēvs

tēvs (nominative singular)
tēvi (nominative plural)
tēvu (accusative singular)
tēvus (accusative plural)
tēva (genitive singular)
tēvu (genitive plural)
tēvam (dative singular)
tēviem (dative plural)
tēvu (instrumental singular)
tēviem (instrumental plural)
tēvā (locative singular)
tēvos (locative plural)
tēvs (singular vocative)
tēvi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *tewas ("father"), from Proto-Indo-European *te- (“father”), a stem found in reduplicated form in tētis (“father”) (q.v.). The epenthetic v arose to break the e-a sequence. Cognates include Lithuanian tėvas, Old Prussian tāws, towis (“father”), thewis (“father's brother”).

tēvs ar dēliem

tēva pienākums

tēva gādība

tas ir mans tēvs

pie eglītes sēž arī pārējie ģimenes locekļi: tēvs, māte, vēcmāmiņa

the remaining family members - father, mother, grandmother - are sitting by the pine (= Christmas) tree

father (a man who has a child or children)

Mūsu Tēvs, Tēvs Mūsu

debesu tēvs

Dievs Tēvs! Dievs Kungs!

oh God! oh Lord! (expressions of surprise or fear)

(Christianity) God the Father (God seen as the creator of the universe)

svētais tēvs

garīgais tēvs

spiritual father (preacher, priest, etc.)

baznīcas tēvi

the fathers of the church (who formed the church's doctrive from the 2nd to the 8th century)

pareizticīgo garīdznieks tēvs Andrejs, vēršoties pie krieviem, lūdza atbalstīt latviešus viņu cīņā par neatkarību

the Orthodox priest Father Andrejs, turning to the Russians, asked (them) to support the Latvians in their struggle for independence

(Christianity) Father (used to address or to speak about members of the Catholic or Orthodox clergy: priests, monks, etc.)

drīz izsteidzās Olliņu tēvs pats

soon (the) father (of the) Oliņš (family) himself hurried out

vecais Rijkuris atnāca gausiem soļiem un apstājās Natei blakus vagas galā: “jā, to es saprotu”, viņš teica; “vai ne, Rijkuru tēv, tagad te augs!”

the old Rijkuris came with slow steps and stood next to Nate at the end of the furrow: “yes, I understand that,” he said; “don't you, father (of the) Rijkuri, now it (= plant) will grow here!”

(with a family or house name in the genitive) father; a respectful form of address for an older man, especially the leader of a household, farm, etc.

tēvu tēvi

tēvu tēvu laiki

tēvu zeme, tēvzeme

(aiz)iet pie tēviem

(in the plural, of people) fathers, ancestors

Ādolfs Alunāns ir latviešu teātra tēvs

Ādolfs Alunāns is the father of the Latvian theater

vilku tēvs

sloku tēvi

tēva augs, tēvaugs

tēva zieds

(of plants, their parts; in the genitive, used as an adjective) from which there is growth, which generates new growth


uzbeks

lv-noun

uzbeks m (1st declension, feminine form: uzbekiete)

uzbekiete (feminine)
uzbeks (nominative singular)
uzbeki (nominative plural)
uzbeku (accusative singular)
uzbekus (accusative plural)
uzbeka (genitive singular)
uzbeku (genitive plural)
uzbekam (dative singular)
uzbekiem (dative plural)
uzbeku (instrumental singular)
uzbekiem (instrumental plural)
uzbekā (locative singular)
uzbekos (locative plural)
uzbek (singular vocative)
uzbeki (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Uzbek oʻzbek, of uncertain origin; possibly from Turkic, compare Turkish uz (“self”), Sogdian [Term?] (/bek/, “master”).

vecais uzbeks

uzbeks iesūdz tiesā Zviedrijas tirdzniecības centru

an Uzbek (man) sues a Swedish shopping center

uzbeki mīl svinēt svētkus un prot to darīt no sirds

the Uzbeks love to celebrate holidays and know how to do it from the heart (= with enthusiasm)

a (male) Uzbek, a man from Uzbekistan or of Uzbek descent

uzbeku valoda

uzbeku literatūra

uzbeku virtuve

Latvijas uzbeku kultūras biedrība

(genitive plural) Uzbek, pertaining to Uzbekistan and its people


iespiešanām

dative/instrumental plural of iespiešana


iespiešanu

inflection of iespiešana:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of iespiešana:
genitive plural


jumtu

inflection of jumts:
accusative/instrumental singular


iespiešanas

inflection of iespiešana:
genitive singular

inflection of iespiešana:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


vīnu

inflection of vīns:
accusative/instrumental singular


bērnu

inflection of bērns:
accusative/instrumental singular


pirkstu

inflection of pirksts:
accusative/instrumental singular


krūmu

inflection of krūms:
accusative/instrumental singular


zobu

inflection of zobs:
accusative/instrumental singular


kaŗš

kaŗš (nominative singular)
kaŗi (nominative plural)
kaŗu (accusative singular)
kaŗus (accusative plural)
kaŗa (genitive singular)
kaŗu (genitive plural)
kaŗam (dative singular)
kaŗiem (dative plural)
kaŗu (instrumental singular)
kaŗiem (instrumental plural)
kaŗā (locative singular)
kaŗos (locative plural)
kaŗ (singular vocative)
kaŗi (plural vocative)


sodu

inflection of sods:
nominative/instrumental singular


sodu

accusative/instrumental singular of soda


krūms

krūms (nominative singular)
krūmi (nominative plural)
krūmu (accusative singular)
krūmus (accusative plural)
krūma (genitive singular)
krūmu (genitive plural)
krūmam (dative singular)
krūmiem (dative plural)
krūmu (instrumental singular)
krūmiem (instrumental plural)
krūmā (locative singular)
krūmos (locative plural)
krūm (singular vocative)
krūmi (plural vocative)

Probably by metathesis from *kurms (with ur̄ > rū, yielding a long vowel), from Proto-Baltic *kurmas, from Proto-Indo-European *kr̥-mo-s, from the zero grade *kr̥- of *ker-, *sker- (“to turn, to bend”) (whence also Latvian cers, q.v.). The semantic evolution was probably: “to turn, to bend” > “(object) bent, twisted (into a circle)” > “lumps, clumps, clusters” > “plant resembling/forming lumps, clumps, clusters; bush, shrub.” Cognates include Lithuanian krū́mas, Old Prussian kirno.

lazdu, ceriņu, rožu krūms

ērkšķu krūms

krūmu audze

krūmu puduris

aronija ir vidēja lieluma daudzgadīgs krūms ar spīdīgām, eliptiskām lapām, baltiem ziediem

aronia is a perennial bush of average size with glossy elliptical leaves (and) white flowers

amerikāņu krūmu asterēm ir lieli ziedi ar stingriem kātiem

the American aster bushes have large flowers with strong stems

bush, shrub (perennial plant with several wooden stems but without a main stem or trunk)

iziet cauri krūmiem

krūmu vista

dwarf chicken (bird from India, similar to a chicken; lit. bush chicken)

krūmos uzkalnītē kāds pamanīja 45 milimetru lielgabalu

in the bushes on the hilltop someone noticed a 45-milimiter cannon

(usually plural) bush grove, bush clump; shrubbery (a place where bushes, shrubs grow)


kalns

kalns (nominative singular)
kalni (nominative plural)
kalnu (accusative singular)
kalnus (accusative plural)
kalna (genitive singular)
kalnu (genitive plural)
kalnam (dative singular)
kalniem (dative plural)
kalnu (instrumental singular)
kalniem (instrumental plural)
kalnā (locative singular)
kalnos (locative plural)
kalns (singular vocative)
kalni (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *kalˀnás
 with a suffix -no, from Proto-Indo-European *kelH-, *kolH- (“to raise, to lift, to build”), whence also Latvian celt. The meaning of celt was originally not only “to lift,” but also “to be high”, whence the meaning of kalns. This word was also sometimes used in the past to mean “building, construction,” especially tall ones in large estates. Cognates include Lithuanian kálnas, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌿𐍃 (hallus, “rock, cliff”) (< *kolnus), Old English holm (“hill, knoll”) (< Proto-Germanic *kl̥mo), German Holm (“islet”), Ancient Greek κολωνός (kolōnós), Latin collis (“knoll, hill”) (< *colnis).


enerģiju

inflection of enerģija:
accusative/instrumental singular


apziņu

inflection of apziņa:
accusative/instrumental singular


dievu

inflection of dievs:
accusative/instrumental singular


kaktusu

inflection of kaktuss:
accusative/instrumental singular


dzīvnieku

inflection of dzīvnieks:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of dzīvnieks:
genitive plural


enerģijas

inflection of enerģija:
genitive singular

inflection of enerģija:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


galvaspilsētu

inflection of galvaspilsēta:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of galvaspilsēta:
genitive plural


pilsētas

inflection of pilsēta:
genitive singular

inflection of pilsēta:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


galvaspilsētām

dative/instrumental plural of galvaspilsēta


pilsētu

inflection of pilsēta:
accusative/instrumental singular


galvaspilsētas

inflection of galvaspilsēta:
genitive singular

inflection of galvaspilsēta:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


kristālu

inflection of kristāls:
accusative/instrumental singular


apziņas

inflection of apziņa:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


dievi

accusative/instrumental singular of dieve


lūpas

inflection of lūpa:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


ejakulāciju

inflection of ejakulācija:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of ejakulācija:
genitive plural


lūpu

inflection of lūpa:
accusative/instrumental singular


ejakulācijas

inflection of ejakulācija:
genitive singular

inflection of ejakulācija:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


ejakulācijām

dative/instrumental plural of ejakulācija


vārdnīcas

inflection of vārdnīca:
genitive singular

inflection of vārdnīca:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


planētu

inflection of planēta:
accusative/instrumental singular


vārdnīcu

inflection of vārdnīca:
accusative/instrumental singular


ģeoloģijas

inflection of ģeoloģija:
genitive singular

inflection of ģeoloģija:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


vārdu

inflection of vārds:
accusative/instrumental singular


ģeoloģiju

inflection of ģeoloģija:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of ģeoloģija:
genitive plural


šizofrēniju

inflection of šizofrēnija:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of šizofrēnija:
genitive plural


šizofrēnijas

inflection of šizofrēnija:
genitive singular

inflection of šizofrēnija:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


planētas

inflection of planēta:
genitive singular

inflection of planēta:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


degunu

inflection of deguns:
accusative/instrumental singular


uzvārdu

inflection of uzvārds:
accusative/instrumental singular


pirksts

pirksts (nominative singular)
pirksti (nominative plural)
pirkstu (accusative singular)
pirkstus (accusative plural)
pirksta (genitive singular)
pirkstu (genitive plural)
pirkstam (dative singular)
pirkstiem (dative plural)
pirkstu (instrumental singular)
pirkstiem (instrumental plural)
pirkstā (locative singular)
pirkstos (locative plural)
pirkst (singular vocative)
pirksti (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pírštan, from Proto-Indo-European *per (“over”) (whence also Latvian par, q.v.) in its reduced grade *pr̥, with *stā- (“to stand”) (whence also Latvian stāt (“to stop”), q.v.). The original meaning was therefore “(the one(s)) standing in front, directed to(ward) the front.” Cognates include Lithuanian pir̃štas, Old Prussian pīrsten (probably masculine accusative), nagepristis (“toe nails, claws”) (< *nagepirstis), Proto-Slavic *pьrstъ (Russian archaic перст (perst), Ukrainian перст (perst), Upper Sorbian porst, Bulgarian пръст (prǎst), Czech prst, Polish parst), Old High German first (“spike, protuberance”), German First (“ridge, top”), Sanskrit पृष्ठम् (pṛṣṭhám, “back, tip, ending”), Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬙𐬀 (paršta, “backbone, spine”), Latin postis (“post, doorpost”) (< *porstis “the one standing in front”).

cog

slaidi, gari pirksti

līki pirksti

pirksta locītava

pirksta kauli, gali

pirkstu nospiedums

lielais pirksts

rādītāja pirksts, rādītājpirksts

vidējais pirksts

skaitīt uz pirkstiem

(anatomy) finger, toe (movable extremities of the hand or foot)

noadīt cimda pirkstu

finger (parts of a glove that cover the fingers)

virzuļa pirksts

elongated component or part of a mechanism


vakaru

inflection of vakars (“evening”):
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of vakars (“evening”):
genitive plural


purpuru

accusative/instrumental singular of purpurs


trafaretu

inflection of trafarets:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of trafarets:
genitive plural


maisu

inflection of maiss:
accusative/instrumental singular


jumts

jumts (nominative singular)
jumti (nominative plural)
jumtu (accusative singular)
jumtus (accusative plural)
jumta (genitive singular)
jumtu (genitive plural)
jumtam (dative singular)
jumtiem (dative plural)
jumtu (instrumental singular)
jumtiem (instrumental plural)
jumtā (locative singular)
jumtos (locative plural)
jumt (singular vocative)
jumti (plural vocative)

Originally the past participle of the verb jumt (“to cover a roof; to thatch”), from Proto-Baltic *jumt, from Proto-Indo-European *yew-, *yū- (“to bind, to tie”), with an extra m. Primitive houses were covered by tied, interwoven sticks on which rested a mud covering. Cognates include Proto-Slavic *jǫtъ (“roof”) (cf. Russian прию́т (prijút, “shelter, retreat”)).

skārda jumts

šīfera jumts

ruberoīda jumts

kārniņu jumts

niedru jumts

slīps jumts

jumta skārds

jumta pape

jumta naglas

jumta plakne

salabot jumtu

jumta istaba, jumtistaba

roof (structure that covers the top of a building; the covering that sits on it)

automobiļa jumts

trolejbusa jumts

vagona jumts

roof (structure that covers the top of a vehicle and shelters it from the external weather)


personu

inflection of persona:
accusative/instrumental singular


šizofrēnijām

dative/instrumental plural of šizofrēnija


saimnieku

inflection of saimnieks:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of saimnieks:
genitive plural


pilsēta

pilsēta (nominative singular)
pilsētas (nominative plural)
pilsētu (accusative singular)
pilsētas (accusative plural)
pilsētas (genitive singular)
pilsētu (genitive plural)
pilsētai (dative singular)
pilsētām (dative plural)
pilsētu (instrumental singular)
pilsētām (instrumental plural)
pilsētā (locative singular)
pilsētās (locative plural)
pilsēta (singular vocative)
pilsētas (plural vocative)


ābolu

inflection of ābols:
accusative/instrumental singular


maiznieku

inflection of maiznieks:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of maiznieks:
genitive plural


skolnieku

inflection of skolnieks:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of skolnieks:
genitive plural


ubagu

inflection of ubags:
accusative/instrumental singular


dēmonu

inflection of dēmons:
accusative/instrumental singular


okeānu

inflection of okeāns:
accusative/instrumental singular


alumīniju

accusative/instrumental singular of alumīnijs


uzvārds

uzvārds (nominative singular)
uzvārdi (nominative plural)
uzvārdu (accusative singular)
uzvārdus (accusative plural)
uzvārda (genitive singular)
uzvārdu (genitive plural)
uzvārdam (dative singular)
uzvārdiem (dative plural)
uzvārdu (instrumental singular)
uzvārdiem (instrumental plural)
uzvārdā (locative singular)
uzvārdos (locative plural)
uzvārd (singular vocative)
uzvārdi (plural vocative)


maiznieks

lv-noun

maiznieks m (1st declension, feminine form: maizniece)

maizniece (feminine)
maiznieks (nominative singular)
maiznieki (nominative plural)
maiznieku (accusative singular)
maizniekus (accusative plural)
maiznieka (genitive singular)
maiznieku (genitive plural)
maizniekam (dative singular)
maizniekiem (dative plural)
maiznieku (instrumental singular)
maizniekiem (instrumental plural)
maizniekā (locative singular)
maizniekos (locative plural)
maizniek (singular vocative)
maiznieki (plural vocative)

Coined by Juris Alunāns in 1857, from maize (“bread”) + -nieks.

maiznieka amats

bet Parīzes maiznieks naktī izcepa maizes klaipus vīriem, kas ieročus karsti pie sāniem spiež un Komūnas vārdu kā zvērestu runā

but the Parisian baker during the night baked bread loaves for men who kept their hot weapons at their side and said the name of the Commune as (if it were) an oath

(male) baker (a man whose job it is to bake bread; owner of a bakery; bread trader)


ubags

ubags m (1st declension, feminine form: ubadze)

ubadze (feminine)
ubags (nominative singular)
ubagi (nominative plural)
ubagu (accusative singular)
ubagus (accusative plural)
ubaga (genitive singular)
ubagu (genitive plural)
ubagam (dative singular)
ubagiem (dative plural)
ubagu (instrumental singular)
ubagiem (instrumental plural)
ubagā (locative singular)
ubagos (locative plural)
ubag (singular vocative)
ubagi (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old East Slavic убогъ (ubogŭ, “poor”) (cf. Old Church Slavonic убогъ (ubogŭ, “beggar”), and also Russian убогий (ubogij, “very poor; crippled”)), first attested in 17th-century dictionaries. The basic Slavic stem of this word is the same as in nabags (q.v.).

cog

ubaga tarba

ubaga dāvana

lūgt ubaga dāvanas

to ask for alms (lit. beggar's donations), to beg

(male) beggar (man who obtains his livelihood by begging)


svārki

svārki (nominative plural)
svārkus (accusative plural)
svārku (genitive plural)
svārkiem (dative plural)
svārkiem (instrumental plural)
svārkos (locative plural)
svārki (plural vocative)

The origin of this word is not clear. The fact that, besides the Lithuanian cognate švar̃kas (“suit jacket, coat”) there is also šar̃kas (“piece of clothing; fisherman's coat”) suggests a Proto-Baltic form *sarkas, the initial šv resulting perhaps from the influence of the common collocate adjective švarùs (“clean”); but there is no parallel adjective in Latvian to justify the initial sv. A possible *sarkas has further been compared with Russian соро́чка (soróčka, “shirt”), Old Church Slavonic срака (sraka, “clothing”) and ultimately derived as a borrowing from Vulgar Latin serica, sar(i)ca (“silk, silk clothes”), itself a borrowing from Oriental languages. Some researchers, however, disagree with this comparison.

svārki bez atlokiem

vilnas svārki

svārku iekškabata

kājas Kalvicam basas, mugurā tikai svārki uzmesti virs krekla

Kalvics was barefoot, wearing only a (suit) coat on top of (his) shirt

(men's clothing) coat, jacket (upper part of a suit)

kupli svārki

svārki un blūze

jaunas sievietes var atļauties arī kuplākus svārkus zvana griezumā

young women can also allow themselves to wear fuller bell-shaped skirts

ik uz soļa svārku dziļais iegriezums pavērās pāri celim, un pazibēja zīda zeķē tērptā kāja

at every step the skirt's deep cut opened a little above the knee, flashing a leg clad in silk stockings

(women's clothing) skirt (garment covering the lower body, from the waist down)


rudzi

rudzi (nominative plural)
rudzus (accusative plural)
rudzu (genitive plural)
rudziem (dative plural)
rudziem (instrumental plural)
rudzos (locative plural)
rudzi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rugís, from Proto-Indo-European *Hrugʰís. Cognates include Lithuanian rugỹs, rugiaĩ, Old Prussian rugis, ruggis, Proto-Slavic *rъžь (Russian рожь (rožʹ), Ukrainian рожь (rožʹ), Bulgarian ръж (rǎž), Czech rež, Polish reż), Proto-Germanic *rugiz (Old High German rocko, German Roggen, Dutch rogge, Old English ryge, English rye,
Old Norse rugr, Swedish råg, Danish rug).

sēt, pļaut rudzus

lopi sagājuši rudzos

pūrs rudzu

malt rudzus

rudzu maize

rye (a grass, Secale sereale, or its grains, used for food or fodder)


maiss

maiss (nominative singular)
maisi (nominative plural)
maisu (accusative singular)
maisus (accusative plural)
maisa (genitive singular)
maisu (genitive plural)
maisam (dative singular)
maisiem (dative plural)
maisu (instrumental singular)
maisiem (instrumental plural)
maisā (locative singular)
maisos (locative plural)
mais (singular vocative)
maisi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *maiš-, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *maišás, from Proto-Indo-European *moysós, *moi-sḱo- (“sheep; skin”).
Cognates include Lithuanian maĩšas (“sack”), Old Prussian moasis (mōsis, “bellows”) (from *mōi- from *mai-), Old Church Slavonic мѣхъ (měxŭ, “bag”), Russian мех (mex, “fur, bellows”), Czech měch (“sack, bellows”), Polish miech (“sack, bellows”), Old Norse meiss (“basket”), Old High German meisa (“pannier”), Middle Low German meise (“keg, barrel”), Sanskrit मेष (meṣa, “ram, sheep; sheepskin, fur”).

cog

audekla, papīra maiss

tukšs, pilns, caurs mais

iebērt maisā miltus

miltu, cukura maisi

sabērt pagrabā desmit maisu kartupeļu

to pour, store ten sacks of potatoes in the basement

sack, bag (container made of cloth, plastic, paper, etc. for transportation or storage)


vārds

vārds (nominative singular)
vārdi (nominative plural)
vārdu (accusative singular)
vārdus (accusative plural)
vārda (genitive singular)
vārdu (genitive plural)
vārdam (dative singular)
vārdiem (dative plural)
vārdu (instrumental singular)
vārdiem (instrumental plural)
vārdā (locative singular)
vārdos (locative plural)
vārd (singular vocative)
vārdi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *wardas, a masculine parallel form to neuter *wardan, from Proto-Indo-European *werdʰh₁om (“word”), from the stem *werh₁- (“to speak, say, talk”) with an extra element -dʰo. Note the typical Baltic polysemy between “name” and “word”, since the Proto-Indo-European term for “name”, still conserved in Old Prussian emnes, emmens (< Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥), was lost and replaced by *werdʰo-. Cognates include Lithuanian var̃das, Old Prussian wīrds, wirds, Sudovian ward, Russian врать (vratʹ, “to lie”), Belarusian вярзці́ (vjarzcí, “to lie”), Ukrainian верзти́ (verztý, “to lie”), Proto-Germanic *wurdą (Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳 (waurd), German Wort, English word, Icelandic orð), Hittite ḫurt- (“to load, to charge”) (: weriya- “to say”), Sanskrit व्रत (vrata, “vow, command”), Ancient Greek εἴρω (eírō, “to say”) (< *weryō), Latin verbum.