bilde

bilde (nominative singular)
bildes (nominative plural)
bildi (accusative singular)
bildes (accusative plural)
bildes (genitive singular)
bilžu (genitive plural)
bildei (dative singular)
bildēm (dative plural)
bildi (instrumental singular)
bildēm (instrumental plural)
bildē (locative singular)
bildēs (locative plural)
bilde (singular vocative)
bildes (plural vocative)

From Middle Low German bilde or Middle Dutch bilde (“drawing, image, example”), cf. German Bild.


kaste

kaste (nominative singular)
kastes (nominative plural)
kasti (accusative singular)
kastes (accusative plural)
kastes (genitive singular)
kastu (genitive plural)
kastei (dative singular)
kastēm (dative plural)
kasti (instrumental singular)
kastēm (instrumental plural)
kastē (locative singular)
kastēs (locative plural)
kaste (singular vocative)
kastes (plural vocative)

Related to Medieval Latin castō, from Proto-West Germanic *kastō (“box, case”).


medu

accusative/instrumental singular of medus


elements

elements (nominative singular)
elementi (nominative plural)
elementu (accusative singular)
elementus (accusative plural)
elementa (genitive singular)
elementu (genitive plural)
elementam (dative singular)
elementiem (dative plural)
elementu (instrumental singular)
elementiem (instrumental plural)
elementā (locative singular)
elementos (locative plural)
element (singular vocative)
elementi (plural vocative)

cell (component of an electrical battery)


manta

manta (nominative singular)
mantas (nominative plural)
mantu (accusative singular)
mantas (accusative plural)
mantas (genitive singular)
mantu (genitive plural)
mantai (dative singular)
mantām (dative plural)
mantu (instrumental singular)
mantām (instrumental plural)
mantā (locative singular)
mantās (locative plural)
manta (singular vocative)
mantas (plural vocative)

valsts manta

mantas nodoklis

mantas konfiskācija

personiskā manta

novēlēt savu mantu bērniem

viņš izšķiedies svešu mantu

atrast apslēptu mantu

vecu mantu uzpircējs


liga

liga (nominative singular)
ligas (nominative plural)
ligu (accusative singular)
ligas (accusative plural)
ligas (genitive singular)
ligu (genitive plural)
ligai (dative singular)
ligām (dative plural)
ligu (instrumental singular)
ligām (instrumental plural)
ligā (locative singular)
ligās (locative plural)
liga (singular vocative)
ligas (plural vocative)

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *leyg- (“illness”).


vide

vide (nominative singular)
vides (nominative plural)
vidi (accusative singular)
vides (accusative plural)
vides (genitive singular)
vidu (genitive plural)
videi (dative singular)
vidēm (dative plural)
vidi (instrumental singular)
vidēm (instrumental plural)
vidē (locative singular)
vidēs (locative plural)
vide (singular vocative)
vides (plural vocative)


duša

duša (nominative singular)
dušas (nominative plural)
dušu (accusative singular)
dušas (accusative plural)
dušas (genitive singular)
dušu (genitive plural)
dušai (dative singular)
dušām (dative plural)
dušu (instrumental singular)
dušām (instrumental plural)
dušā (locative singular)
dušās (locative plural)
duša (singular vocative)
dušas (plural vocative)


masa

masa (nominative singular)
masas (nominative plural)
masu (accusative singular)
masas (accusative plural)
masas (genitive singular)
masu (genitive plural)
masai (dative singular)
masām (dative plural)
masu (instrumental singular)
masām (instrumental plural)
masā (locative singular)
masās (locative plural)
masa (singular vocative)
masas (plural vocative)


palma

palma (nominative singular)
palmas (nominative plural)
palmu (accusative singular)
palmas (accusative plural)
palmas (genitive singular)
palmu (genitive plural)
palmai (dative singular)
palmām (dative plural)
palmu (instrumental singular)
palmām (instrumental plural)
palmā (locative singular)
palmās (locative plural)
palma (singular vocative)
palmas (plural vocative)


disks

disks (nominative singular)
diski (nominative plural)
disku (accusative singular)
diskus (accusative plural)
diska (genitive singular)
disku (genitive plural)
diskam (dative singular)
diskiem (dative plural)
disku (instrumental singular)
diskiem (instrumental plural)
diskā (locative singular)
diskos (locative plural)
disk (singular vocative)
diski (plural vocative)

diska mešana


kore

kore (nominative singular)
kores (nominative plural)
kori (accusative singular)
kores (accusative plural)
kores (genitive singular)
koru (genitive plural)
korei (dative singular)
korēm (dative plural)
kori (instrumental singular)
korēm (instrumental plural)
korē (locative singular)
korēs (locative plural)
kore (singular vocative)
kores (plural vocative)


balle

balle (nominative singular)
balles (nominative plural)
balli (accusative singular)
balles (accusative plural)
balles (genitive singular)
baļļu (genitive plural)
ballei (dative singular)
ballēm (dative plural)
balli (instrumental singular)
ballēm (instrumental plural)
ballē (locative singular)
ballēs (locative plural)
balle (singular vocative)
balles (plural vocative)

balles tērps

zaļumu balle

masku balle

ball (old-fashioned spacious, luxurious dancing party)

vakar pēc sapulces ceplī bijusi īsta balle

yesterday after the meeting in the kiln there was a real ball

(colloquial) a small party, with food and drinks


balle

balle (nominative singular)
balles (nominative plural)
balli (accusative singular)
balles (accusative plural)
balles (genitive singular)
ballu (genitive plural)
ballei (dative singular)
ballēm (dative plural)
balli (instrumental singular)
ballēm (instrumental plural)
ballē (locative singular)
ballēs (locative plural)
balle (singular vocative)
balles (plural vocative)

atzīmes 10-ballu skalā


vats

vats (nominative singular)
vati (nominative plural)
vatu (accusative singular)
vatus (accusative plural)
vata (genitive singular)
vatu (genitive plural)
vatam (dative singular)
vatiem (dative plural)
vatu (instrumental singular)
vatiem (instrumental plural)
vatā (locative singular)
vatos (locative plural)
vat (singular vocative)
vati (plural vocative)


robs

robs (nominative singular)
robi (nominative plural)
robu (accusative singular)
robus (accusative plural)
roba (genitive singular)
robu (genitive plural)
robam (dative singular)
robiem (dative plural)
robu (instrumental singular)
robiem (instrumental plural)
robā (locative singular)
robos (locative plural)
rob (singular vocative)
robi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rámbas, according to Pokorny, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *remb- (“to notch, hack”). Cognate with Lithuanian rum̃bas and Proto-Slavic *rǫ̑bъ.

krūzei izsists robs

ievīlēt zāģī robu

small deformation on a surface, dent, indentation, notch

robi zināšanās, mācībās

gaps in (one's) knowledge, in (one's) education

ap galdu tagad palieli robi, daļa viesu izgājuši ārā

now there were gaps around the table, part of the guests had gone outside


tips

tips (nominative singular)
tipi (nominative plural)
tipu (accusative singular)
tipus (accusative plural)
tipa (genitive singular)
tipu (genitive plural)
tipam (dative singular)
tipiem (dative plural)
tipu (instrumental singular)
tipiem (instrumental plural)
tipā (locative singular)
tipos (locative plural)
tip (singular vocative)
tipi (plural vocative)

Via some other European language, ultimately borrowed from Latin typus, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek τύπος (túpos, “mark, impression, type”).

automobiļa, lidmašīnu tips

pilsētas tipa apmetne

tipa projekts

type project (engineering project intended for multiple use)

type (a model having some defining characteristics; an object with certain characteristic features, properties)

augsnes tips

antropoloģiskais tips

laikapstākļu tips

meža augšanas apstākļu tips

forest site (lit. forest growth conditions) type

augstākās nervu darbības tips

type (a category, group, model etc. created by generalizing or idealizing certain features or characteristics)

tips ir augstākā kategorija dzīvnieku klasifikācija

the type is the highest category of animal classification

(zoology) type (highest category in animal systematics)

aktieris nepavisam nebija varoņa mīlētāja tips

the actor was far from the heroic lover type

starp šālaika Baltijas muižniekiem ir sastopami vairāki tipi; viens no visinteresantākajiem starp tiem ir tā sauktais īstais jeb veclaiku barons

among the Baltic nobility of the time there are many types; one of the most interesting among them is the so-called real or old-time baron

type (a group of people with certain characteristics; an individual belonging to this group)

tipus idividualizējot, karikatūrisks visai lakoniski atklāj pašu nozīmīgāko un nepieciešamāko to sociālās piederības raksturojumā

(by) individualizing types, the cartoonist very concisely reveals the most important and indispensable in the characterization of social classes

type (artistic image which depicts the most characteristic features of a certain human group)

šaubīgs, bīstams tips

no otras puses tuvojas melnmatains tips ar ūsiņam, tērpies džinsa biksēs un melnā džemperī

from the other side came a black-haired type, guy with a mustache, wearing jeans and a black sweater

(suggesting disdain, scorn) type, guy, bloke (a man whose appearance or behavior arouses suspicion, a negative attitude)

suggesting disdain; scorn; suggesting disdain; scorn


heraldika

heraldika (nominative singular)
heraldikas (nominative plural)
heraldiku (accusative singular)
heraldikas (accusative plural)
heraldikas (genitive singular)
heraldiku (genitive plural)
heraldikai (dative singular)
heraldikām (dative plural)
heraldiku (instrumental singular)
heraldikām (instrumental plural)
heraldikā (locative singular)
heraldikās (locative plural)
heraldika (singular vocative)
heraldikas (plural vocative)

heraldika ir pētīšana ģerbonu

pilsoniskā heraldika

baznīcas heraldika

karaliskā heraldika


pils

pils (nominative singular)
pilis (nominative plural)
pili (accusative singular)
pilis (accusative plural)
pils (genitive singular)
piļu (genitive plural)
pilij (dative singular)
pilīm (dative plural)
pili (instrumental singular)
pilīm (instrumental plural)
pilī (locative singular)
pilīs (locative plural)
pils (singular vocative)
pilis (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pilis, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁-í-s, from *tpelH- (“stronghold”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πόλις (pólis), Sanskrit पुर (pura), Lithuanian pilis.

prezidenta pils

pils sardze

palace (residence of a monarch or head of state; large, luxurious residence)

senlatviešu pilis

viduslaiku pilis

pils muri, torņi, grāvis

smilšu pils

castle (fortified building belonging to a king or nobleman)


tante

lv-noun

tante f (5th declension, masculine form: tēvocis)

tante (canonical feminine)
onkulis (canonical)
tēvocis (masculine)
tante (nominative singular)
tantes (nominative plural)
tanti (accusative singular)
tantes (accusative plural)
tantes (genitive singular)
tanšu (genitive plural)
tantei (dative singular)
tantēm (dative plural)
tanti (instrumental singular)
tantēm (instrumental plural)
tantē (locative singular)
tantēs (locative plural)
tante (singular vocative)
tantes (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Tante (“aunt”), itself a borrowing from French tante (“aunt”). This borrowing was first mentioned in 18th-century Latvian texts.

dzīvot pie tantes

tante Betsija

aunt (father's sister or mother's sister; father's brother's wife or mother's brother's wife)

Peterēna vienaudži mani jau uzrunā par tanti

Peterēns (= Little Peter)'s friends called me aunt

atbrauca inspektors un viena tante no arodbiedrības, veca meita

the inspector came with an aunt from the trade union, an old girl

aunt (a grown woman, in relation to a child, even if not the child's real aunt)


birka

birka (nominative singular)
birkas (nominative plural)
birku (accusative singular)
birkas (accusative plural)
birkas (genitive singular)
birku (genitive plural)
birkai (dative singular)
birkām (dative plural)
birku (instrumental singular)
birkām (instrumental plural)
birkā (locative singular)
birkās (locative plural)
birka (singular vocative)
birkas (plural vocative)


sports

sports (nominative singular)
sportu (accusative singular)
sporta (genitive singular)
sportam (dative singular)
sportu (instrumental singular)
sportā (locative singular)
sport (singular vocative)

Probably via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from English sport.

nodarboties ar sportu

to occupy oneself with, to practice sports

sporta veidi

sporta būve / sporta bāze

sporta skola

sporta medicīna

sporta meistars

cīņas sports

slēpošana ir patīkams sports

sēņošana viņam ir sports


aleja

aleja (nominative singular)
alejas (nominative plural)
aleju (accusative singular)
alejas (accusative plural)
alejas (genitive singular)
aleju (genitive plural)
alejai (dative singular)
alejām (dative plural)
aleju (instrumental singular)
alejām (instrumental plural)
alejā (locative singular)
alejās (locative plural)
aleja (singular vocative)
alejas (plural vocative)


guns

guns (nominative singular)
gunis (nominative plural)
guni (accusative singular)
gunis (accusative plural)
guns (genitive singular)
guņu (genitive plural)
gunij (dative singular)
gunīm (dative plural)
guni (instrumental singular)
gunīm (instrumental plural)
gunī (locative singular)
gunīs (locative plural)
guns (singular vocative)
gunis (plural vocative)


lodi

accusative/instrumental singular of lode


moments

moments (nominative singular)
momenti (nominative plural)
momentu (accusative singular)
momentus (accusative plural)
momenta (genitive singular)
momentu (genitive plural)
momentam (dative singular)
momentiem (dative plural)
momentu (instrumental singular)
momentiem (instrumental plural)
momentā (locative singular)
momentos (locative plural)
moment (singular vocative)
momenti (plural vocative)


lata

lata (nominative singular)
latas (nominative plural)
latu (accusative singular)
latas (accusative plural)
latas (genitive singular)
latu (genitive plural)
latai (dative singular)
latām (dative plural)
latu (instrumental singular)
latām (instrumental plural)
latā (locative singular)
latās (locative plural)
lata (singular vocative)
latas (plural vocative)


lode

lode (nominative singular)
lodes (nominative plural)
lodi (accusative singular)
lodes (accusative plural)
lodes (genitive singular)
ložu (genitive plural)
lodei (dative singular)
lodēm (dative plural)
lodi (instrumental singular)
lodēm (instrumental plural)
lodē (locative singular)
lodēs (locative plural)
lode (singular vocative)
lodes (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle Low German lode (“piece of lead (used as weight), plummet”), or perhaps from an East Frisian word (compare Saterland Frisian Lood) or Middle Dutch lood, which all had the same meaning (compare German Lot (“plummet, solder”)), itself a borrowing from Celtic (originally meaning “easily melting metal”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *plewd- (“to flow”), whence also Latvian plūst (“to stream, to flow”). This borrowing is first attested in 17th-century dictionaries.

bor

lodes diametrs

lodes rādiuss

lodes tilpums

zemes lode, zemeslode

koka, dzelzs lode

grūst lodi

object with spherical form; (sports) ball

iešaut kādam lodi krūtīs

lielgabala lode


lode

On the southernmost Livonian toponyms Dzintra Hirša mentions a lake Lúodis in Zarasai District Municipality, Lithuania (as well as Luõdes ezers and Luodezers in Latvia) connecting these with Livonian lūod (“northwest”) and mentioning Latvian lodes vējš (“northwestern wind”) as being from the same source.

lodes vējš

(dialectal, usually attributively in the expression lodes vējš) northwest


pupu

inflection of pupa:
accusative/instrumental singular


pupu

inflection of pups:
accusative/instrumental singular


roze

roze (nominative singular)
rozes (nominative plural)
rozi (accusative singular)
rozes (accusative plural)
rozes (genitive singular)
rožu (genitive plural)
rozei (dative singular)
rozēm (dative plural)
rozi (instrumental singular)
rozēm (instrumental plural)
rozē (locative singular)
rozēs (locative plural)
roze (singular vocative)
rozes (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle Low German rōse, or from Middle Dutch rōse (compare German Rose), themselves borrowings from Latin rosa. The word was also apparently borrowed into Latin (via Ancient Greek) from Old Persian. In Latvian texts this word is first mentioned in the 16th century, apparently as a general word for “(garden) flower” or “(bright-colored) flower” — as a synonym of puķe (“flower”), a sense still found in folk songs. The meaning was restricted to “rose” only in the 17th century. The sense “erysipelas” was first attested in the 18th century.

mīkstā roze

pelēkzilā roze

audzēt rozes

rožu dārzs

rožu eļļa

rose (decorative shrub, gen. Rosa, with beautiful flowers and thorny stems)

balta, sārta, dzeltena roze

'pasniegt rozes

rožu pušķis

rozi izraisa strutas radošās baktērijas, visbiežāk streptokoki

erysipela is caused by pus-generating bacteria, usually streptococci

erysipelas (severe skin disease caused by streptococcus infection)


students

lv-noun

students m (1st declension, feminine form: studente)

studente (feminine)
students (nominative singular)
studenti (nominative plural)
studentu (accusative singular)
studentus (accusative plural)
studenta (genitive singular)
studentu (genitive plural)
studentam (dative singular)
studentiem (dative plural)
studentu (instrumental singular)
studentiem (instrumental plural)
studentā (locative singular)
studentos (locative plural)
student (singular vocative)
studenti (plural vocative)

student (a person studying at a higher, less often secondary, education institution)


instruments

instruments (nominative singular)
instrumenti (nominative plural)
instrumentu (accusative singular)
instrumentus (accusative plural)
instrumenta (genitive singular)
instrumentu (genitive plural)
instrumentam (dative singular)
instrumentiem (dative plural)
instrumentu (instrumental singular)
instrumentiem (instrumental plural)
instrumentā (locative singular)
instrumentos (locative plural)
instrument (singular vocative)
instrumenti (plural vocative)


vaina

vaina (nominative singular)
vainas (nominative plural)
vainu (accusative singular)
vainas (accusative plural)
vainas (genitive singular)
vainu (genitive plural)
vainai (dative singular)
vainām (dative plural)
vainu (instrumental singular)
vainām (instrumental plural)
vainā (locative singular)
vainās (locative plural)
vaina (singular vocative)
vainas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wei-, *wai- (with an added suffix -nā-), from Proto-Indo-European *wey- (“to move, go ahead; to be strong”).
Cognates include Lithuanian vainóti (“to criticize, to scold”) (compare archaic Lithuanian vaina (“error, transgression”)), Old Prussian etwinūt (“to blame”) (maybe a borrowing from Slavic), Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian вина́ (viná), Belarusian віна́ (viná, “fault, guilt, transgression”).

cog

pierādīta vaina

vainas apziņa

neapzināties savu vainu

to be unaware of, not acknowledge one's guilt

atzīt savu vainu

noliegt savu vainu

to deny one's guilt, to plead not guilty

vainu mīkstinoši apstākļi

vainu pastiprinoši apstākļi

būt pie vainas

fault, guilt (an offense punishable according to the law; behavior or conduct with bad consequences)

viņa darbs ir bez vainas

tā ir maza vaina!

šai drānai nav nekādas vainas

kas uzvalkam vaina?

aparātam ir kāda vaina, ka tas nedarbojas

the machine has some problem, it doesn't work

viņi visas vainas ārstējot ar zāļu tējām'

they treat all diseases with herbal teas

sūdzēties par visādām vainām

izmazgāt vainas

ja viņš nestrādā, tad tā ir tikai slinkuma vaina

if he doesn't work, it is only because of laziness


aborts

aborts (nominative singular)
aborti (nominative plural)
abortu (accusative singular)
abortus (accusative plural)
aborta (genitive singular)
abortu (genitive plural)
abortam (dative singular)
abortiem (dative plural)
abortu (instrumental singular)
abortiem (instrumental plural)
abortā (locative singular)
abortos (locative plural)
abort (singular vocative)
aborti (plural vocative)

ārsts atteicās veikt abortu

the doctor refused to perform the abortion

(medicine) abortion (premature termination of pregnancy before the full 22 weeks, spontaneous or artificial)

(veterinary medicine) abortion (premature natural termination or artificial termination of pregnancy in animals)


verbs

verbs (nominative singular)
verbi (nominative plural)
verbu (accusative singular)
verbus (accusative plural)
verba (genitive singular)
verbu (genitive plural)
verbam (dative singular)
verbiem (dative plural)
verbu (instrumental singular)
verbiem (instrumental plural)
verbā (locative singular)
verbos (locative plural)
verb (singular vocative)
verbi (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin verbum (“word”).

refleksīvie verbi

pārejošie (transitīvie) verbi

nepārejošie (intransitīvie) verbi

verba kategorijas

verba pamatformas

verba konjugācija

verbu atvasināšana

(grammar) verb (a word that indicates an action, event or state; the head of the predicate)


gana

Cognate with Lithuanian ganà (“enough, rather, fairly”).


cents

cents (nominative singular)
centi (nominative plural)
centu (accusative singular)
centus (accusative plural)
centa (genitive singular)
centu (genitive plural)
centam (dative singular)
centiem (dative plural)
centu (instrumental singular)
centiem (instrumental plural)
centā (locative singular)
centos (locative plural)
cent (singular vocative)
centi (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin centum (“hundred”).

eiro cents

dolāru cents

Latvijas 50 eiro centu monēta

eiro simtdaļa ir cents

the hundredth part of the euro is the cent

Pēdējā mēneša laikā cenas degvielas uzpildes stacijās benzīnam ir samazinātas par astoņiem centiem un dīzeļdegvielai par 11 centiem

during the last month the prices at gas stations have been decresed by eight cents for gasoline and by 11 cents for diesel

cent (a currency subunit (one hundredth of the main unit) used with several currencies, among which the dollar and the euro)


bars

bars (nominative singular)
bari (nominative plural)
baru (accusative singular)
barus (accusative plural)
bara (genitive singular)
baru (genitive plural)
baram (dative singular)
bariem (dative plural)
baru (instrumental singular)
bariem (instrumental plural)
barā (locative singular)
baros (locative plural)
bar (singular vocative)
bari (plural vocative)

pod (a group of whales, dolphins, seals, porpoises or hippopotami)


runa

runa (nominative singular)
runas (nominative plural)
runu (accusative singular)
runas (accusative plural)
runas (genitive singular)
runu (genitive plural)
runai (dative singular)
runām (dative plural)
runu (instrumental singular)
runām (instrumental plural)
runā (locative singular)
runās (locative plural)
runa (singular vocative)
runas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *reu-, *ru-, imitative of speech sounds (from which also Latvian rūkt (“to roar, growl, snarl”), Russian рычать (ryčatʹ, “to roar, growl, snarl”)) with a suffix *-nā. Cognates include Old Irish run, Gothic 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (rūna, “secret, mystery”) (i.e., that which is said as a secret), Old English rūn, Old Saxon rūna, Middle Low German rūne (“mysterious whisper; runic character”), Old Norse rýna (“to talk secretly”), Old English rūnian (“to whisper; to plot, conspire”), Old High German rūnēn, German raunen (“to whisper”). Latvian runa probably also meant originally “solemn speech” (maybe “mystic ritual”?); still in the 17-19th centuries it was often used to indicate some special kind of communication (e.g., runas dot “to give advice”, lit. “to give talk”, or runas diena “council meeting”, lit. “talking day”).

runas spēja, iemaņas, traucējumi

runas orgāni, aparāts

iekšēja runa

ātra runa

izteiksmīga runa

runas veids

bērnu runa

speech, speaking, talking (articulated production of language)

par ko ir runa?

par to nevar būt ne runas

about that there can be no talk, it is out of the question

ticēt glaimu runām

runas apklusa

runas māksla

oratora runa

apsveikuma runa

teikt runu, uzstāties ar runu

publiskā runa

galda runa

table, banquet speech, after-dinner speech

speech (a spoken text, often delivered in public)

tiešā, netiešā runa

(grammar) speech (direct or indirect presentation of someone's words)

tukšas runas

kaimiņu runas

zināt no ļaužu runām

neklausīties ļaužu runās

(chiefly in the plural) rumor, gossip, idle talk


deserts

deserts (nominative singular)
deserti (nominative plural)
desertu (accusative singular)
desertus (accusative plural)
deserta (genitive singular)
desertu (genitive plural)
desertam (dative singular)
desertiem (dative plural)
desertu (instrumental singular)
desertiem (instrumental plural)
desertā (locative singular)
desertos (locative plural)
desert (singular vocative)
deserti (plural vocative)


psalms

psalms (nominative singular)
psalmi (nominative plural)
psalmu (accusative singular)
psalmus (accusative plural)
psalma (genitive singular)
psalmu (genitive plural)
psalmam (dative singular)
psalmiem (dative plural)
psalmu (instrumental singular)
psalmiem (instrumental plural)
psalmā (locative singular)
psalmos (locative plural)
psalm (singular vocative)
psalmi (plural vocative)

From Latin psalmus, derived from Ancient Greek ψαλμός (psalmós).


adverbs

adverbs (nominative singular)
adverbi (nominative plural)
adverbu (accusative singular)
adverbus (accusative plural)
adverba (genitive singular)
adverbu (genitive plural)
adverbam (dative singular)
adverbiem (dative plural)
adverbu (instrumental singular)
adverbiem (instrumental plural)
adverbā (locative singular)
adverbos (locative plural)
adverb (singular vocative)
adverbi (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin adverbium.

atvasināt adverbus no adjektīviem

(grammar) adverb (a word used to modify a verb, an adjective, an adverb, a phrase or a clause)


rags

rags (nominative singular)
ragi (nominative plural)
ragu (accusative singular)
ragus (accusative plural)
raga (genitive singular)
ragu (genitive plural)
ragam (dative singular)
ragiem (dative plural)
ragu (instrumental singular)
ragiem (instrumental plural)
ragā (locative singular)
ragos (locative plural)
rags (singular vocative)
ragi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rágas (“horn”).

brieža rags

govs bez ragiem

(anatomy) horn (solid growth on an animal's head)

klinšu rags

mēness ragi

an object or phenomenon similar in form to an animal horn

pūst ragu

angļu rags

ganu rags

shepherd's horn (ancient Latvian folk instrument)

ragu mūziku

medību rags

musical instrument
musical instrument#English

horn (a musical instrument in the shape of an animal horn)

raga brilles

raga ķemme

horn (material, from animal horn, used to make object)

laktas rags

enkura ragi

rod-like, usually curved, element or part, used for gripping or holding

(geography, syn. zemesrags) cape (projection of land into water)


suga

suga (nominative singular)
sugas (nominative plural)
sugu (accusative singular)
sugas (accusative plural)
sugas (genitive singular)
sugu (genitive plural)
sugai (dative singular)
sugām (dative plural)
sugu (instrumental singular)
sugām (instrumental plural)
sugā (locative singular)
sugās (locative plural)
suga (singular vocative)
sugas (plural vocative)

Borrowed either from Livonian su’g, or from Estonian sugu.

Sugu izcelšanās

invazīva suga


osa

osa (nominative singular)
osas (nominative plural)
osu (accusative singular)
osas (accusative plural)
osas (genitive singular)
osu (genitive plural)
osai (dative singular)
osām (dative plural)
osu (instrumental singular)
osām (instrumental plural)
osā (locative singular)
osās (locative plural)
osa (singular vocative)
osas (plural vocative)

handle (part of a cup which is held in the hand when used or moved)

ear (part of a cup which is held in the hand when used or moved)


deja

deja (nominative singular)
dejas (nominative plural)
deju (accusative singular)
dejas (accusative plural)
dejas (genitive singular)
deju (genitive plural)
dejai (dative singular)
dejām (dative plural)
deju (instrumental singular)
dejām (instrumental plural)
dejā (locative singular)
dejās (locative plural)
deja (singular vocative)
dejas (plural vocative)

Formed from the stem of dejot (“to dance”), by analogy with iet (“to go”) : eja (“(act of) going”).

baletas deja

dejas teorija

dejā varbūt vairāk nekā jebkurā citā mākslas veidā mūs aizrauj meistarība

in dance, perhaps more than in any other form of art, we are captivated by workmanship

neviens, kas pats nedejo, nevar iedomāties, cik dejas māksla ir smags darbs

no one who does not himself dance can imagine how much heavy work the art of dance is

(usually singular) dance (form of art expressed via harmonious, rhythmic body movements)

sena, moderna deja

tautas deja

aicināt uz deju

pēc koncerta bija dejas

aicināt uz dejām klubā

dejas solis

deju stundas

deju vakars

deju konkurss

deju kolektīvs

deju dziesma, mūzika

galvenā deja ir valsis; kas to prot, iemācās ātri citas

the main dance is waltz; he who knows it quickly learns others

dance (a performance of this type of art, for aesthetic pleasure or simple enjoyment)

odu, tauriņu deja

ārā ir tumšs, kauc vējš, pārslas griežas trakā dejā

it is dark outside, the wind is howling, the (snow)flakes turn around in a crazy dance

(figuratively) dance (complex, rhythmic movement of small objects or insects)

atskaņot deju

deju orķestris

visiem komponista deju žanra darbiem ir virtuozs raksturs, tā nav sadzīves, bet koncertmūzika

all of the composer's works in the dance genre have virtuoso traits, it is not everyday (music), it is concert music


atoms

atoms (nominative singular)
atomi (nominative plural)
atomu (accusative singular)
atomus (accusative plural)
atoma (genitive singular)
atomu (genitive plural)
atomam (dative singular)
atomiem (dative plural)
atomu (instrumental singular)
atomiem (instrumental plural)
atomā (locative singular)
atomos (locative plural)
atom (singular vocative)
atomi (plural vocative)

From Latin atomus (“smallest particle”) (borrowed via some other European language), from Ancient Greek ἄτομος (átomos, “indivisible”), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + τέμνω (témnō, “I cut”).

uder

atoma kodols

atoma uzbūve

radioaktīvais atoms

atoma masas vienība

atomu pētīšana

atomu polarizācija

atomu sadursmes

(physics, chemistry) atom (smallest part of a chemical element that still has its chemical properties)


monuments

monuments (nominative singular)
monumenti (nominative plural)
monumentu (accusative singular)
monumentus (accusative plural)
monumenta (genitive singular)
monumentu (genitive plural)
monumentam (dative singular)
monumentiem (dative plural)
monumentu (instrumental singular)
monumentiem (instrumental plural)
monumentā (locative singular)
monumentos (locative plural)
monument (singular vocative)
monumenti (plural vocative)


selva

selva (nominative singular)
selvas (nominative plural)
selvu (accusative singular)
selvas (accusative plural)
selvas (genitive singular)
selvu (genitive plural)
selvai (dative singular)
selvām (dative plural)
selvu (instrumental singular)
selvām (instrumental plural)
selvā (locative singular)
selvās (locative plural)
selva (singular vocative)
selvas (plural vocative)


āpsis

āpsis (nominative singular)
āpši (nominative plural)
āpsi (accusative singular)
āpšus (accusative plural)
āpša (genitive singular)
āpšu (genitive plural)
āpsim (dative singular)
āpšiem (dative plural)
āpsi (instrumental singular)
āpšiem (instrumental plural)
āpsī (locative singular)
āpšos (locative plural)
āpsi (singular vocative)
āpši (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic; compare Lithuanian opšrùs, Old Prussian wobsdus. The source may be Proto-Indo-European *op- (“to do, carry out”), from which Latvian regionalism āpēties (“work hard”) (compare Sanskrit अपः (ápaḥ, “work, organizing”), Latin opus (“work, task”)). This name would be justified by the badger's well-made burrows. A parallel case is German Dachs (“badger”) from Proto-Indo-European *tek- (“weave, build”).

cog

āpša āda

āpšu alas

dzīvot kā āpsim alā

to live like a badger in his burrow (= without paying attention to the lives of others)

badger (name of several species of mustelids, especially Meles meles)


desu

inflection of desa:
accusative/instrumental singular


peri

peri (nominative plural)
perus (accusative plural)
peru (genitive plural)
periem (dative plural)
periem (instrumental plural)
peros (locative plural)
peri (plural vocative)

Singular form pers, cognate with Lithuanian pẽras (“larva”), derived from perēt (“to nest, hatch”).

peru puve

peru pieniņš

larvae milk (a secretion of working bees used to feed the larvae)


cirvis

cirvis (nominative singular)
cirvji (nominative plural)
cirvi (accusative singular)
cirvjus (accusative plural)
cirvja (genitive singular)
cirvju (genitive plural)
cirvim (dative singular)
cirvjiem (dative plural)
cirvi (instrumental singular)
cirvjiem (instrumental plural)
cirvī (locative singular)
cirvjos (locative plural)
cirvi (singular vocative)
cirvji (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kirw(i)os, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”).


papīrs

papīrs (nominative singular)
papīri (nominative plural)
papīru (accusative singular)
papīrus (accusative plural)
papīra (genitive singular)
papīru (genitive plural)
papīram (dative singular)
papīriem (dative plural)
papīru (instrumental singular)
papīriem (instrumental plural)
papīrā (locative singular)
papīros (locative plural)
papīr (singular vocative)
papīri (plural vocative)

ietinamais papīrs

kopēšanas papīrs

zīmēšanas papīrs

balts, krāsains paprīs

vēstuļu papīrs

lakmusa papīrs

tualetes papīrs

papīras salvetes, papīras maiss

gaismas jūtīgs / gaismjūtīgs papīrs

papīra rūpniecība

(chiefly in the singular) paper (material for writing, printing, wrapping)

stiprs papīrs

strong (= influential, important) document

te ir viņa papīri


akmens

lv-noun

akmens m (2nd declension, irregular nominative, genitive)

akmens (nominative singular)
akmeņi (nominative plural)
akmeni (accusative singular)
akmeņus (accusative plural)
akmens (genitive singular)
akmeņu (genitive plural)
akmenim (dative singular)
akmeņiem (dative plural)
akmeni (instrumental singular)
akmeņiem (instrumental plural)
akmenī (locative singular)
akmeņos (locative plural)
akmeni (singular vocative)
akmeņi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ákmō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éḱ-mō (whence also asmens, originally a parallel form to akmens, created by a different development of *ḱ, perhaps due to Proto-Indo-European dialectal differences), from the stem *h₂éḱ- (“sharp, pointy, angular; stone”) with an extra element -men. Cognates include Lithuanian akmuõ, genitive akmeñs, Sudovian akmi, Hittite [script needed] (aku, “sharp stone”), Sanskrit अश्मन् (aśman, “stone, rock, sky”), Avestan asman (“stone, sky”), Ancient Greek ἄκμων (ákmōn, “anvil”), ἀκμή (akmḗ, “spike, edge, blade”); with reduction (zero grade) of the stem (*h₂éḱ-h₂-men > Proto-Slavic *kamy (“stone”)), also Belarusian, Russian ка́мень (kámenʹ), Ukrainian ка́мінь (káminʹ), Bulgarian ка́мен (kámen), Czech kámen, Polish kamień.
According to more recent analyses, the corresponding form may have been *ákmō all the way up to Eastern Baltic unity, thus identical to the Proto-Balto-Slavic form.

cog

ass, šķautņaina akmens

akmens šķembas

akmens slabs, plāksne

akmens klons, sienas, bruģis

mest akmeni

lauzt akmeņus

smags ka akmens

ciets ka akmens

krīt ka akmens

akmens laikmets

stone, rock (non-metallic solid mineral; a piece of such mineral)

akmens sirds

gleznotājs ar nekustīgu akmens seju bija atlaidies atzveltnes krēslā

the painter with the immobile, stone face had let himself down on the armchair

(in the genitive, used as adjective) hard; indifferent, unfeeling, unrelenting, unshakable

rets akmens

īsti akmeņi

gredzens ar akmeni

pulkstenis ar piecpadsmit akmeņiem

precious stone, also an imitation of a precious stone

žults akmeņi

zobu akmens, zobakmens

nieru akmeņi veidojas nieru bļodiņās

kidney stones are formed in the renal pelvis

(medicine, anatomy) stone, calculus (a hard, usually saline, formation in the body)

katla akmens

boiler stone (= mineral deposits on boiler walls resulting from boiling water)


upe

upe (nominative singular)
upes (nominative plural)
upi (accusative singular)
upes (accusative plural)
upes (genitive singular)
upju (genitive plural)
upei (dative singular)
upēm (dative plural)
upi (instrumental singular)
upēm (instrumental plural)
upē (locative singular)
upēs (locative plural)
upe (singular vocative)
upes (plural vocative)

In principle, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *apē-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-, *h₂op- (“(flowing) water, river”). Cognates include Lithuanian ùpė, dialectal ũpė, upìs, ùpis, Old Prussian ape (“river”), apus (“(water) well”), Sudovian upa (“river”), Hittite ẖap(a) (“river”), Sanskrit आपः (āpaḥ, “water (plural)”), Tocharian A, Tocharian B āp (“water”). The u in Latvian upe (and Lithuanian upė), instead of the expected a, as in the Old Prussian cognate, is difficult to explain. Some suggest that upe was influenced by other words (e.g., Old Prussian wupyan (“cloud”)), others that it is not cognate with Old Prussian ape, but rather a reflex of Proto-Indo-European *eup-, *ūp-, *up- (“to call, to cry, to yell”), or then a specific Eastern Baltic word without a Proto-Indo-European etymology.

strauja, lēna upe

kalnu, līdzenumu upe

upes gultne

upes ieleja

upes baseins

upju sistēma

upes pietekas

upes ieteka, grīva

upes izteka

upes augštece, lejtece

upju transports

upju kuģniecība

(geography) river (permanent watercourse)


bots

bots (nominative singular)
boti (nominative plural)
botu (accusative singular)
botus (accusative plural)
bota (genitive singular)
botu (genitive plural)
botam (dative singular)
botiem (dative plural)
botu (instrumental singular)
botiem (instrumental plural)
botā (locative singular)
botos (locative plural)
bot (singular vocative)
boti (plural vocative)


varde

varde (nominative singular)
vardes (nominative plural)
vardi (accusative singular)
vardes (accusative plural)
vardes (genitive singular)
varžu (genitive plural)
vardei (dative singular)
vardēm (dative plural)
vardi (instrumental singular)
vardēm (instrumental plural)
vardē (locative singular)
vardēs (locative plural)
varde (singular vocative)
vardes (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *war-, *wer- with an extra -de, from Proto-Indo-European *werh₁-, a stem used to form words that imitate human and animal voices (compare vārds (“word, name”)). Cognates include Lithuanian varlė̃ (with a different suffix). A different hypothesis derives it from Proto-Indo-European *word-, which also yielded with Old Armenian գորտ (gort).

zaļā varde

ezera varde

purva varde

varžu kurkuļi

dīķī kurkst vardes

frog (small, tailless amphibian (order: Anura) which typically hops)


robots

robots (nominative singular)
roboti (nominative plural)
robotu (accusative singular)
robotus (accusative plural)
robota (genitive singular)
robotu (genitive plural)
robotam (dative singular)
robotiem (dative plural)
robotu (instrumental singular)
robotiem (instrumental plural)
robotā (locative singular)
robotos (locative plural)
robot (singular vocative)
roboti (plural vocative)

From Czech robot, from robota (“drudgery, servitude”). Coined in the 1921 science-fiction play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots) by Karel Čapek after having been suggested to him by his brother Josef http://ui.fpf.slu.cz/persons/Kelemen/articles/HorKelALIFEIXDef.pdf, and taken into other languages without change.

rūpniecības robots

pētniecības robots

sadzīves robots

robot (machine built to carry out complex tasks, especially one which can be programmed)

(science fiction) robot (intelligent machine designed to look like a human being)


vergs

vergs (nominative singular)
vergi (nominative plural)
vergu (accusative singular)
vergus (accusative plural)
verga (genitive singular)
vergu (genitive plural)
vergam (dative singular)
vergiem (dative plural)
vergu (instrumental singular)
vergiem (instrumental plural)
vergā (locative singular)
vergos (locative plural)
verg (singular vocative)
vergi (plural vocative)


mugurkauls

mugurkauls (nominative singular)
mugurkauli (nominative plural)
mugurkaulu (accusative singular)
mugurkaulus (accusative plural)
mugurkaula (genitive singular)
mugurkaulu (genitive plural)
mugurkaulam (dative singular)
mugurkauliem (dative plural)
mugurkaulu (instrumental singular)
mugurkauliem (instrumental plural)
mugurkaulā (locative singular)
mugurkaulos (locative plural)
mugurkaul (singular vocative)
mugurkauli (plural vocative)

mugurkaula skriemeļi, artērijas

mugurkaula deformācija

mugurkaula izliekumi

lokans mugurkauls

lauzt mugurkaulu

vīrs ar stringru mugurkaulu


grauzējs

grauzējs (nominative singular)
grauzēji (nominative plural)
grauzēju (accusative singular)
grauzējus (accusative plural)
grauzēja (genitive singular)
grauzēju (genitive plural)
grauzējam (dative singular)
grauzējiem (dative plural)
grauzēju (instrumental singular)
grauzējiem (instrumental plural)
grauzējā (locative singular)
grauzējos (locative plural)
grauzēj (singular vocative)
grauzēji (plural vocative)


ventilators

ventilators (nominative singular)
ventilatori (nominative plural)
ventilatoru (accusative singular)
ventilatorus (accusative plural)
ventilatora (genitive singular)
ventilatoru (genitive plural)
ventilatoram (dative singular)
ventilatoriem (dative plural)
ventilatoru (instrumental singular)
ventilatoriem (instrumental plural)
ventilatorā (locative singular)
ventilatoros (locative plural)
ventilator (singular vocative)
ventilatori (plural vocative)


pelni

pelni (nominative plural)
pelnus (accusative plural)
pelnu (genitive plural)
pelniem (dative plural)
pelniem (instrumental plural)
pelnos (locative plural)
pelni (plural vocative)


sniegavīrs

sniegavīrs (nominative singular)
sniegavīri (nominative plural)
sniegavīru (accusative singular)
sniegavīrus (accusative plural)
sniegavīra (genitive singular)
sniegavīru (genitive plural)
sniegavīram (dative singular)
sniegavīriem (dative plural)
sniegavīru (instrumental singular)
sniegavīriem (instrumental plural)
sniegavīrā (locative singular)
sniegavīros (locative plural)
sniegavīr (singular vocative)
sniegavīri (plural vocative)

From sniega (“snow gen.”) + vīrs (“man”).

Eiropā sniegavīru biežak veido trīsdaļīgu

in Europe snowmen are usually made with three parts

snowman (a human-like figure made of snow)


zarna

zarna (nominative singular)
zarnas (nominative plural)
zarnu (accusative singular)
zarnas (accusative plural)
zarnas (genitive singular)
zarnu (genitive plural)
zarnai (dative singular)
zarnām (dative plural)
zarnu (instrumental singular)
zarnām (instrumental plural)
zarnā (locative singular)
zarnās (locative plural)
zarna (singular vocative)
zarnas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *źer-, *źar- (with an extra suffix *-nā), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“bowel, intestine”). In the 17th and 18th centuries, several variants of this stem are attested: zarnis, zarns, sarna. Cognates include Lithuanian žárna, žarnà, Old Norse gǫrn, Old High German garn, Middle Low German garn (“yarn”), German Garn (“yarn”), Albanian zorrë (“intestine”), Sanskrit हिरः (hiraḥ, “tape, stripe”), हिरा (hirā, “vein”), Ancient Greek χορδή (khordḗ), Latin haruspex (“diviner who reads the intestines of sacrificed animals”).

cog

zarnu trakts

zarnu sieniņa

tievā zarna

resnā zarna

taisnā zarna

zarnu darbība

bowel movement (lit. intestine activity)

zarnu slimības

zarnu iekaisums

zarnu parazīti

(anatomy, often plural) intestine, bowel (part of the digestive tract between the stomach and the anus)


tomāts

tomāts (nominative singular)
tomāti (nominative plural)
tomātu (accusative singular)
tomātus (accusative plural)
tomāta (genitive singular)
tomātu (genitive plural)
tomātam (dative singular)
tomātiem (dative plural)
tomātu (instrumental singular)
tomātiem (instrumental plural)
tomātā (locative singular)
tomātos (locative plural)
tomāt (singular vocative)
tomāti (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Tomate, or from Russian тома́т (tomát), themselves borrowings from French tomate, itself a borrowing from Spanish tomate, ultimately borrowed from Classical Nahuatl tomatl. This word is first mentioned in Latvian by the end of the 19th century, initially in two forms, masculine (tomāts) and feminine (tomāte); only in the 1920s did the masculine form became dominant.

tomātu stādi

ēdamais, kultīvētais tomāts

plaši izplatīts kultūraugs ir tomāti, kuri Eiropā ievesti 1554. gadā

tomatoes are a quite widespread crop, which was introduced in Europe in 1554

tomātus ilgu laiku audzēja kā dekoratīvus augus

tomatoes were grown for a long time as ornamental plants

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum#Translingual

tomato (plant (Solanum lycopersicum) with branched stems, yellow flowers and juicy, edible red fruits)

tomātu sula

tomātu pasta

tomātu biezenis

konservēti tomāti

reņģes tomātu mērcē

brokastīs māmiņa sagriež lielu, sarkanu tomātu un vienu sīpolu

for breakfast, mummy cut a large, red tomato and one onion

tomato (the red fruit of this plant, eaten as a vegetable)


piens

piens (nominative singular)
pieni (nominative plural)
pienu (accusative singular)
pienus (accusative plural)
piena (genitive singular)
pienu (genitive plural)
pienam (dative singular)
pieniem (dative plural)
pienu (instrumental singular)
pieniem (instrumental plural)
pienā (locative singular)
pienos (locative plural)
pien (singular vocative)
pieni (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *pā́ˀinas, from Proto-Indo-European *peynos, *poyHnos, from the stem *peyh₂- (“to be fat”) (perhaps from earlier “to swell”). The meaning evolved from “fat, swollen” to “(breasts) full of milk” and finally “milk”. There was an old Proto-Baltic verb *pīti (“to give milk”), from which comes dialectal Lithuanian pýti (“to give milk”); the corresponding Latvian term disappeared, perhaps because of homophony with pīt (“to braid, to weave”). Cognates include Lithuanian píenas (“milk”), Sanskrit पयते (páyate, “to swell, to be too full”), पयस् (páyas, “fluid, water, milk, rain”), Avestan 𐬞𐬌𐬞𐬌𐬌𐬏𐬱𐬌- (pipiiūši-, “having milk in her breasts”), Persian پینو (pinu, “buttermilk”), Middle Persian pēm (“milk”), Latin opīmus (“fat, plump; fruitful”).

mātes piens, krūts piens

piena dziedzeri

govs, kazas, ķēves piens

piena ēdieni, produkti

piena kokteilis

piena saldējums

kafija ar pienu

pasterizēts piens

kondensēts piens

milk (nourishing liquid secreted by mammal females)


filtrs

filtrs (nominative singular)
filtri (nominative plural)
filtru (accusative singular)
filtrus (accusative plural)
filtra (genitive singular)
filtru (genitive plural)
filtram (dative singular)
filtriem (dative plural)
filtru (instrumental singular)
filtriem (instrumental plural)
filtrā (locative singular)
filtros (locative plural)
filtr (singular vocative)
filtri (plural vocative)


siers

siers (nominative singular)
sieri (nominative plural)
sieru (accusative singular)
sierus (accusative plural)
siera (genitive singular)
sieru (genitive plural)
sieram (dative singular)
sieriem (dative plural)
sieru (instrumental singular)
sieriem (instrumental plural)
sierā (locative singular)
sieros (locative plural)
sier (singular vocative)
sieri (plural vocative)

From the same stem as the adjective sūrs (“bitter”) (q.v.), from which it is ultimately derived, in the (older) form *sūris or *sūrs, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀras; the original meaning was thus “bitter (one)”.
The vowel was later changed under the influence of the common expression siet sieru “to make (lit. tie, bind) cheese”. Cognates include Lithuanian sū́ris, Old Prussian suris (sūris), sur (sūr), Russian, Belarusian сыр (syr), Ukrainian сир (syr), Bulgarian си́рене (sírene), Czech sýr, Polish ser, Old Norse sýra (“sour milk”), Old High German, Old English sūr, German sauer, English sour.

siera ražošana

skābpiena siers

kausētais siers

ciets, pusciets, mīksts siers

trekns, liess siers

Latvijas, Holandes siers

zaļais siers

siet sieru

to prepare (lit. to tie, to bind) cheese (in the form of a circular disc, by wrapping it with cloth and placing it under pressure)

biezpiens un siers ir ļoti labi bioloģiski vērtīgu olbaltumvielu, kalcija un fosfora avoti

curd and cheese are very good sources of biologically valuable proteins, calcium and phosphorus

cheese (dairy product made from curdled or cultured milk)

siera salāti'

siera maizīte

siera radziņi

siera cepumi

siera sviestam patīkama garša un aromāts

cheese butter (has) pleasant taste and aroma

(in the genitive, used adjectivally) cheese; made of cheese; with added cheese


burts

burts (nominative singular)
burti (nominative plural)
burtu (accusative singular)
burtus (accusative plural)
burta (genitive singular)
burtu (genitive plural)
burtam (dative singular)
burtiem (dative plural)
burtu (instrumental singular)
burtiem (instrumental plural)
burtā (locative singular)
burtos (locative plural)
burt (singular vocative)
burti (plural vocative)

Originally the masculine past participle of the verb burt (“to conjure magic”) (q.v.). Just as burt originally meant “to carve (marks, on a tree),” burts was originally “mark(s) carved on a tree.” Cognates include Lithuanian bùrtas (“lot, (pl.) sorcery”).

lielais burts

mazais burts

rakstīts, drukāts burts

latīņu, gotu, grieķu burti

letter (graphic symbol that represents a sound in a language)

metāla, koka burti

burtu garnitūras

burtu liešana

(typography) type, font (typesetting printing unit; syn. burtstabiņš, litera)


koks

koks (nominative singular)
koki (nominative plural)
koku (accusative singular)
kokus (accusative plural)
koka (genitive singular)
koku (genitive plural)
kokam (dative singular)
kokiem (dative plural)
koku (instrumental singular)
kokiem (instrumental plural)
kokā (locative singular)
kokos (locative plural)
koks (singular vocative)
koki (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *kuok-, from Proto-Indo-European *kewk-, from the stem *kew- (“to bend, to be bent”).
Meaning at first “bent wood, branch, stick,” it soon became “wood, tree.” It competed with mežs (< *medis), the original term for “wood, tree,” which soon acquired the meaning of “forest.” The original “branch, stick” meaning of koks can still be occasionally found (see below).
Cognates include Lithuanian kúoka (“stick with thick end, pounder, pestle”), kúokas (“stick with thick end; thick end of a stick; tuber; mace, club”), kukà (“stick”), Bulgarian кука (kuka, “spike, peg, wedge, hook, handle”).

augļu koki

koku lapotne

koku puduris

jauktu koku mežs

koki šalc vējā

nokaltis koks

kails koks

zaļš koks

apsūnojis koks

simtgadīgs koks

lapu koks

skuju koks

zāģēt, cirst kokus

koku tārpi

viens kā koks

tree (perennial plant with woody stem or trunk, foliage, and roots)

Intas tēvs jau toreiz strādāja uz upes pie koku pludināšanas

Inta's father at that time already worked at timber floating (log driving) on the river

kalējs sāka vest kokus smēdei

the blacksmith began to bring timber, wood to the forge

koku dārzs

timber corral (an enclosure for floating timber on a watercourse)

timber (felled trees seen as a substance)

grāvis uzplūdis, tiltiņam divi koki iznesti

the ditch flooded, two logs (were) taken to the little bridge

koka ēka

koka karote

koka tupeles

koka rotaļlietas

vecmodīga koka gulta

wood (timber seen as material for making things)

skatos pēc kāda koka; kreisā roka man brīva, varētu šakāļus aizdzīt

I look at some stick: (my) left arm is free, I could drive the shackals away

viņš saņēmis par to kokus

for this reason he took the sticks (= he was given corporal physical punishment)


oli

accusative/instrumental/vocative singular of olis


republika

republika (nominative singular)
republikas (nominative plural)
republiku (accusative singular)
republikas (accusative plural)
republikas (genitive singular)
republiku (genitive plural)
republikai (dative singular)
republikām (dative plural)
republiku (instrumental singular)
republikām (instrumental plural)
republikā (locative singular)
republikās (locative plural)
republika (singular vocative)
republikas (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Latin rēs publica (“republic”) (via other European languages), from rēs (“thing”) and publica (“public[fem.]”), literally “the public thing.”

demokrātiska republika

sociālistiska republika

prezidentālā republika

parlamentāra republika

autonomās republikas

Latvijas Republika

republic (country where power and sovereignty rests with representatives elected by the people)


rasa

rasa (nominative singular)
rasu (accusative singular)
rasas (genitive singular)
rasai (dative singular)
rasu (instrumental singular)
rasā (locative singular)
rasa (singular vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rasā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁róseh₂. Cognates include Sanskrit रस (rása, “juice, liquid”), रसा (rásā, “moisture, humidity”), Latin rōs, Russian роса́ (rosá).

rīta rasa

rasas lāses

sasalusi rasa

samērcēt kājas rasā

dew (moisture in the air that settles on plants in the morning)

viegla rasas migla nokārās pār visu ciemu

a light drizzle lowered its mist over the whole village

pierē drīz jau iemetās pirmā sviedru rasa

on (his) forehead the first drops of sweat will soon appear


norma

norma (nominative singular)
normas (nominative plural)
normu (accusative singular)
normas (accusative plural)
normas (genitive singular)
normu (genitive plural)
normai (dative singular)
normām (dative plural)
normu (instrumental singular)
normām (instrumental plural)
normā (locative singular)
normās (locative plural)
norma (singular vocative)
normas (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin norma (“a carpenter's square; rule, standard”).

bor

tiesību, juridiskā, tiesiskā norma

pieklājības, morāles norma

sadzīves, uzvedības norma

literārās valodas normas

norm (rule, principle, which regulates people's relations in a society)

nokrišņu mēneša norma

ražīguma norma

pārsniegt normu

norm (size, composition, structure, etc. considered to be the best, the target, the most advisable)


lugas

inflection of luga:
nominative/accusative/vocative plural


guba

guba (nominative singular)
gubas (nominative plural)
gubu (accusative singular)
gubas (accusative plural)
gubas (genitive singular)
gubu (genitive plural)
gubai (dative singular)
gubām (dative plural)
gubu (instrumental singular)
gubām (instrumental plural)
gubā (locative singular)
gubās (locative plural)
guba (singular vocative)
gubas (plural vocative)


tapu

inflection of tapa:
accusative/instrumental singular


mala

mala (nominative singular)
malas (nominative plural)
malu (accusative singular)
malas (accusative plural)
malas (genitive singular)
malu (genitive plural)
malai (dative singular)
malām (dative plural)
malu (instrumental singular)
malām (instrumental plural)
malā (locative singular)
malās (locative plural)
mala (singular vocative)
malas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *ml̥Hdʰo-, see also Breton malvenn, Old English molda (“forehead”), Ancient Greek βλωθρός (blōthrós, “lofty”), Avestan 𐬐𐬀-𐬨𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬋 (ka-mər^əδō, “demon's head”).


maksu

inflection of maksa:
accusative/instrumental singular


zobs

zobs (nominative singular)
zobi (nominative plural)
zobu (accusative singular)
zobus (accusative plural)
zoba (genitive singular)
zobu (genitive plural)
zobam (dative singular)
zobiem (dative plural)
zobu (instrumental singular)
zobiem (instrumental plural)
zobā (locative singular)
zobos (locative plural)
zobs (singular vocative)
zobi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *źámbas (with irregular *am > Latvian o ([uo]); or perhaps from a parallel form *žanbas, since *an > Latvian o ([uo]) is a regular change), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵómbʰos (“tooth; row of teeth”), itself from the stem *ǵembʰ- (“to bite”), apparently a variant of synonymous *ǵebʰ. Cognates include Lithuanian žam̃bas (“log, beam edge; any sharp, angular object”), žam̃bis (“wooden plow”), Old Church Slavonic зѫбъ (zǫbŭ), Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian зуб (zub), Bulgarian зъб (zǎb), Czech zub, Polish ząb, Old High German chamb (“comb”), Old Norse kambr, Old English camb, English comb, Albanian dhëmb (“tooth”), Sanskrit जम्भः (jámbhaḥ, “tooth, fang”), Ancient Greek γόμφος (gómphos, “nail, peg”), γομφίος (gomphíos, “molar”).

cog

veselīgi zobi

nedzīvs zobs

zoba kronis

zoba sakne

zoba emalja

zobu šķilšanās

bērnam nāk zobi

zoba plombēšana

zobu sāpes

zobu protēze

izraut zobu

tīrīt zobus ar suku

piena zobs

acu zobs, acuzobs

gudrības zobs

tik auksts, ka zobi klab

(it is) so cold that (one's) teeth chatter

(anatomy) tooth (a hard, calcareous element in a structure present in the mouths of most vertebrates, used for biting and eating)

zāģa zobi

ielikt pļaujmašīnai jaunu zobu

pils torņa zobi

castle tower teeth (= battlement, crenels)

viņš iedod atslēgu; tā ir pavisam jauna, smalki ievīlētiem zobiem

he gave the key; it is brand new, (with) finely filed teeth

(on tools, objects) tooth (protuberance, usually pointed, and usually on the side)

izkapts zobs

the cutting edge (lit. tooth) of a scythe

uzskati koku, ko cirvja zobs dziļi ievainojis

you are looking at a tree which the ax blade, edge (lit. tooth) hurt (= cut) deep

(of cutting tools) cutting edge (sharp side of the blade)


tele

tele (nominative singular)
teles (nominative plural)
teli (accusative singular)
teles (accusative plural)
teles (genitive singular)
teļu (genitive plural)
telei (dative singular)
telēm (dative plural)
teli (instrumental singular)
telēm (instrumental plural)
telē (locative singular)
telēs (locative plural)
tele (singular vocative)
teles (plural vocative)

pērnā tele

šķirnes tele

grūsna tele

te Tibils visu vasaru turēja savus lopus: divas teles, abas slaucamās govis, aitas un zirgus

here Tibils kept his animals all summer: the two heifers, both dairy cows, the sheep and the horses

nopētīju savu ganāmpulki, vai kāda no govīm, īpaši telēm, netaisās laisties blēņās uz zirņu lauku

he kept an eye on his herd, in case one of the cows, especially the heifers, wanted to play any tricks on the pea fields


bura

bura (nominative singular)
buras (nominative plural)
buru (accusative singular)
buras (accusative plural)
buras (genitive singular)
buru (genitive plural)
burai (dative singular)
burām (dative plural)
buru (instrumental singular)
burām (instrumental plural)
burā (locative singular)
burās (locative plural)
bura (singular vocative)
buras (plural vocative)

Cognate to Lithuanian bùrė (“sail”). Ultimately perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bew-, *bʰew- (“to swell”) (whence also bozt) with a suffix -rā- whence Proto-Baltic *burā- whence the Latvian term with the initial meaning of “that which inflates”. It is possible that the Lithuanian term is a borrowing from Latvian (Nieminen, Fraenkel). Of the same origin are the dialectal terms būra, būris (“crowd”), compare Lithuanian būrỹs (“crowd”), Sanskrit भूरि (bhū́ri, “plentiful; numerous”). [The usual meaning of būris (“cage”) is unrelated, this is a borrowing from Middle Low German.]
A different opinion (Pokorny, Endzelīns) is that this term is to be linked with Ancient Greek φᾶρος (phâros), later form φάρος (pháros, “fabric, canvas”) from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to weave”) or, according to a different opinion (Mikola, Nieminen, Fraenkel), the term is borrowed from Livonian pūŗaz (< *purri), compare Finnish purje (“id.”) However, no forms with p- have been recorded in Latvian dialects.
This term was introduced in the literary language (from some dialect) during the 1870s by K. Valdemārs, before that the typical term for a sail was zēģele, from Middle Dutch zegel or Middle Low German segel (“sail”). Karulis assumes that bura must have been a Curonian word noting similarities with the Kursenieki (Latvian language enclaves around the Curonian Lagoon, former East Prussia) terms bur(-a) and burpils “crooked or hollowed out piece of wood for sprinkling sails with water”, where -pils from pilt “to bail (i.e., scoop water)”.


pili

accusative/instrumental singular of pils


pili

accusative/instrumental singular of pile


maks

maks (nominative singular)
maki (nominative plural)
maku (accusative singular)
makus (accusative plural)
maka (genitive singular)
maku (genitive plural)
makam (dative singular)
makiem (dative plural)
maku (instrumental singular)
makiem (instrumental plural)
makā (locative singular)
makos (locative plural)
mak (singular vocative)
maki (plural vocative)

From the same source as maksts (q.v.): Proto-Baltic *mak-, from Proto-Indo-European *mak- (“small (leather) bag or pouch”). Cognates include Lithuanian mãkas, Old Prussian dantimax (“gums”) (dantis (“tooth”)), Old Church Slavonic мошьна (mošĭna), Russian мошна́ (mošná, “small bag or pouch”), Old High German maga, German Magen (“stomach”).

cog

dokumentu maks

bultu maks

tabakas maks, tabakmaks

naudas maks, naudasmaks

(naudas)maks ar vairākiem nodalījumiem

ielikt (naudas)makā naudu

to put money in (one's) wallet (= money pouch)

vecais izvilka pīpi, tabakas maku un ietaisīja dūmu

the old man pulled his pipe out, took (his) tobacco pouch and made some smoke

bārdama bija novērojusi Nātiņu kā jautrās sabiedrības saimnieku, kas pārvalda maku, no kura tiek maksāts

the bartender had observed Nātiņš as the host of a fun company (of people) who controlled the bag from which (everybody) was paid

little purse, wallet, pouch (small bag-like object without a handle, usually carried in the pocket or in a purse, for keeping small objects, especially paper money or coins)


elli

accusative/instrumental singular of elle


sula

sula (nominative singular)
sulas (nominative plural)
sulu (accusative singular)
sulas (accusative plural)
sulas (genitive singular)
sulu (genitive plural)
sulai (dative singular)
sulām (dative plural)
sulu (instrumental singular)
sulām (instrumental plural)
sulā (locative singular)
sulās (locative plural)
sula (singular vocative)
sulas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *sewh₁-leh₂, from *sewh₁- (“to press”). Direct cognates include Lithuanian sulà (“juice, sap”), Old Prussian sulo (“curdled milk”), Proto-Indo-Iranian *súraH (“intoxicating liquor”).

ābolu sula

ogu sula

dārzeņu sulas

salda sula

sulas ekstrakts

juice (liquids found in fruits which people can drink)

zarnu sula

(anatomy) (liquids excreted by certain body organs)


skola

skola (nominative singular)
skolas (nominative plural)
skolu (accusative singular)
skolas (accusative plural)
skolas (genitive singular)
skolu (genitive plural)
skolai (dative singular)
skolām (dative plural)
skolu (instrumental singular)
skolām (instrumental plural)
skolā (locative singular)
skolās (locative plural)
skola (singular vocative)
skolas (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle High German schōle, or from Middle Dutch schole, both also borrowings from Late Latin scola, schola (“lecture; school”), itself borrowed from Ancient Greek σχολή (skholḗ). In Latvian, this borrowing is first mentioned in 16th-century texts and 17th-century dictionaries.

vispārizglītojošā skola

profesionālā, speciālā skola

valsts, privātās skolas

lauku, pilsētu skolas

zēnu, meiteņu skola

kopmācības skola

baleta, mūzikas, sporta skola

lauksaimniecības skola

skolu tīkls

skolu jaunatne

skolas audzēknis

skolas bērns, puika

skolas biedrs

skolas direktors, ārsts

skolas bibliotēka

skolas mēbeles

skolas sols, tāfele

skolas grāmatas, burtnīcas

skolas soma

skolas forma

skolas laiks, gadi

iestāties skolā

mācīties skolā

sūtīt skolā

apmeklēt skolā

pamest skolu

izslēgt no skolas

kad iesi skolā, varbūt skolotājs paskaidros

when you go to school, maybe the teacher will explain it

school (institution of learning, usually of lower or intermediate level; also a special or specific institution of learning; also the building where such an institution is housed)

skola sākās 1. septembrī

Taisnību sakot, mazliet vairāk skolas viņam nebūtu nācis par ļaunu

to tell the truth, a little bit more school would not have been bad for him

(figuratively) education; the work of studying at school

dzīves skola

neveiksme viņam būs laba skola

aršanas sacensības galvenokārt ir pieredzes, darba metožu, jaunāko atziņu skola

plowing competitions are mostly a school of (= place, occasion for learning) experience, work methods, and recent findings

Platona filozofijas skola

Paula Strādina skola medicīna

beļģu skola glezniecībā

krievu skola baletā

Pavlovs izveidoja 20. gadsimta fiziologu lielāko skolu: viņa tiešo līdzstrādnieku un disertantu pulks vien aptvēis 250 cilvēku

Pavlov created the largest school of 20th-century physiology: his group of direct collaborators and students comprised 250 people

school, school of thought (a set of theories, a teaching associated with a certain person, a certain movement or its followers)


tests

tests (nominative singular)
testi (nominative plural)
testu (accusative singular)
testus (accusative plural)
testa (genitive singular)
testu (genitive plural)
testam (dative singular)
testiem (dative plural)
testu (instrumental singular)
testiem (instrumental plural)
testā (locative singular)
testos (locative plural)
test (singular vocative)
testi (plural vocative)


sūds

sūds (nominative singular)
sūdi (nominative plural)
sūdu (accusative singular)
sūdus (accusative plural)
sūda (genitive singular)
sūdu (genitive plural)
sūdam (dative singular)
sūdiem (dative plural)
sūdu (instrumental singular)
sūdiem (instrumental plural)
sūdā (locative singular)
sūdos (locative plural)
sūd (singular vocative)
sūdi (plural vocative)

(vulgar) something worthless, low quality; bad, harmful


lats

lats (nominative singular)
lati (nominative plural)
latu (accusative singular)
latus (accusative plural)
lata (genitive singular)
latu (genitive plural)
latam (dative singular)
latiem (dative plural)
latu (instrumental singular)
latiem (instrumental plural)
latā (locative singular)
latos (locative plural)
lat (singular vocative)
lati (plural vocative)

A reduced form of Latvija, first used in 1922 to name the new currency that replaced the Latvian rublis.

pieci lati

papīra lats

lata kurss

grāmata maksā divus latus

lats (monetary unit of Latvia between 1922 and 1940, and again between 1993 and 2013; replaced by the Euro on Jan. 1st, 2014)


kori

inflection of koris:
nominative/vocative plural


kori

accusative/instrumental singular of kore


barons

barons (nominative singular)
baroni (nominative plural)
baronu (accusative singular)
baronus (accusative plural)
barona (genitive singular)
baronu (genitive plural)
baronam (dative singular)
baroniem (dative plural)
baronu (instrumental singular)
baroniem (instrumental plural)
baronā (locative singular)
baronos (locative plural)
baron (singular vocative)
baroni (plural vocative)


pele

pele (nominative singular)
peles (nominative plural)
peli (accusative singular)
peles (accusative plural)
peles (genitive singular)
peļu (genitive plural)
pelei (dative singular)
pelēm (dative plural)
peli (instrumental singular)
pelēm (instrumental plural)
pelē (locative singular)
pelēs (locative plural)
pele (singular vocative)
peles (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *peliā̃ (Lithuanian pelė, Old Prussian pelē), from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“grey”).
The computing sense is a semantic loan from English mouse.

mājas pele

peles ala

peļu slazds, lamatas

peļu inde

peles pīkst

mouse (esp. Mus musculus, domestic mouse)

datorpele

(computing, also datorpele) computer mouse (movable input device used to move a pointer on a graphic display)


starts

starts (nominative singular)
starti (nominative plural)
startu (accusative singular)
startus (accusative plural)
starta (genitive singular)
startu (genitive plural)
startam (dative singular)
startiem (dative plural)
startu (instrumental singular)
startiem (instrumental plural)
startā (locative singular)
startos (locative plural)
start (singular vocative)
starti (plural vocative)


lidosta

lidosta (nominative singular)
lidostas (nominative plural)
lidostu (accusative singular)
lidostas (accusative plural)
lidostas (genitive singular)
lidostu (genitive plural)
lidostai (dative singular)
lidostām (dative plural)
lidostu (instrumental singular)
lidostām (instrumental plural)
lidostā (locative singular)
lidostās (locative plural)
lidosta (singular vocative)
lidostas (plural vocative)

From lid(ot) (“to fly”) + osta (“port”).

starptautiskā lidosta

lidostas uzgaidāmās telpas

sagaidīt viesus lidostā


zeme

zeme (nominative singular)
zemes (nominative plural)
zemi (accusative singular)
zemes (accusative plural)
zemes (genitive singular)
zemju (genitive plural)
zemei (dative singular)
zemēm (dative plural)
zemi (instrumental singular)
zemēm (instrumental plural)
zemē (locative singular)
zemēs (locative plural)
zeme (singular vocative)
zemes (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *źémē, compare zem, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰōm.
Compare Lithuanian žẽmė, Polish ziemia, Russian земля́ (zemljá), Persian زمین (zamin) Latin humus, Ancient Greek χθών (khthṓn).

ground, land, mainland (geographical, ethnic)

(usually Zeme) Earth (third planet in the Solar System)


medus

medus (nominative singular)
medu (accusative singular)
medus (genitive singular)
medum (dative singular)
medu (instrumental singular)
medū (locative singular)
medus (singular vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *médu, from Proto-Indo-European *médʰu.

medus kāre

medus maize

medus kūka

medalus

medus cepumi

ziedu medus

mākslīgais medus

salds kā medus

medus vārīšana


ogu

inflection of oga:
accusative/instrumental singular


gars

gars (nominative singular)
gari (nominative plural)
garu (accusative singular)
garus (accusative plural)
gara (genitive singular)
garu (genitive plural)
garam (dative singular)
gariem (dative plural)
garu (instrumental singular)
gariem (instrumental plural)
garā (locative singular)
garos (locative plural)
gar (singular vocative)
gari (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer- (“hot, warm”), see also Welsh gwres (“heat”).


galva

galva (nominative singular)
galvas (nominative plural)
galvu (accusative singular)
galvas (accusative plural)
galvas (genitive singular)
galvu (genitive plural)
galvai (dative singular)
galvām (dative plural)
galvu (instrumental singular)
galvām (instrumental plural)
galvā (locative singular)
galvās (locative plural)
galva (singular vocative)
galvas (plural vocative)

cilvēka, suņa, čūskas galva

galvas muskuļi

pagriezt galvu

pamāt ar galvu

saņemt galvu rokās

purināt, kratīt galvu

galva sāp

galvas tabletes

head (top or front of the body, where the brain is located)

sirma galva

mazgāt galvu

sukāt, ķemmēt galvu

galva balta kā ābele

likt cepuri galvā

siet lakatu galvā

riskēt ar savu galvu

gaiša, gudra galva

cilvēks ar galvu

a person with head (= wise, intelligent)

zināt no galvas

to know (something) from the head (= by heart)

rēķināt galvā

paturēt skaidru galvu

mind, intelligence, understanding, memory

naglas, skrūves galva

āmura, cirvja galva

top (especially round) part of an object

valdības galva

ģimenes galva

septiņu galvu liela ģimene


osta

osta (nominative singular)
ostas (nominative plural)
ostu (accusative singular)
ostas (accusative plural)
ostas (genitive singular)
ostu (genitive plural)
ostai (dative singular)
ostām (dative plural)
ostu (instrumental singular)
ostām (instrumental plural)
ostā (locative singular)
ostās (locative plural)
osta (singular vocative)
ostas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁óh₃s. Compare Lithuanian uostas.

upes osta, ezera osta

zvejas osta

tirdzniecības osta

ostas pilsēta

ostas strādnieki


prece

prece (nominative singular)
preces (nominative plural)
preci (accusative singular)
preces (accusative plural)
preces (genitive singular)
preču (genitive plural)
precei (dative singular)
precēm (dative plural)
preci (instrumental singular)
precēm (instrumental plural)
precē (locative singular)
precēs (locative plural)
prece (singular vocative)
preces (plural vocative)

preču ražošana

pārtikas preces

rūpniecības preces

preču sortiments

piedāvāt preces

preču vilciens

article, product, goods, wares, merchandise


rinda

rinda (nominative singular)
rindas (nominative plural)
rindu (accusative singular)
rindas (accusative plural)
rindas (genitive singular)
rindu (genitive plural)
rindai (dative singular)
rindām (dative plural)
rindu (instrumental singular)
rindām (instrumental plural)
rindā (locative singular)
rindās (locative plural)
rinda (singular vocative)
rindas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *rinda, maybe from Proto-Indo-European *arēydʰ-, *rēydʰ-, *h₂rey-, derived from *h₂er- (“to unite, to fit”). Cognates include Lithuanian rindà, Old Church Slavonic рѧдъ (rędŭ), Russian ряд (rjad), Bulgarian ред (red), Polish rząd, Gothic 𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (raidjan, “organize, define”), 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃 (garaiþs, “organized, ordered”), Old Norse greida (“unfold, arrange”), German bereit (“ready”), Persian رده (rade, “row, category”).

cog

stādīt ābeles rindās

zobu rinda

namu rinda

stāvēt rindā

aizņemt, ieņemt rindu

būt rindā

gaidīt savu rindu

row, line, queue (ordered linear arrangement of objects or people)

stāties komjaunatnes rindās

to fall into line with, to join the ranks of the Young Communist League

dienēt armijas rindās

to serve in the army (lit. in the army ranks)

(chiefly in the plural) lines, ranks (of an army or military or similar organization)

rindu atstarpes

pārnest vārdu jaunā rindā

šīs rindas

line (small amount of written text going across a page or column)

naturālo skaitļu rinda

harmoniska rinda, virkne

radioaktīvā rinda

urāna rinda

series, sequence (group of objects organized according to some principle)


siens

siens (nominative singular)
sieni (nominative plural)
sienu (accusative singular)
sienus (accusative plural)
siena (genitive singular)
sienu (genitive plural)
sienam (dative singular)
sieniem (dative plural)
sienu (instrumental singular)
sieniem (instrumental plural)
sienā (locative singular)
sienos (locative plural)
sien (singular vocative)
sieni (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *šainan, *šeinan, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱoynom (from Proto-Indo-European *ḱoy-no- (“hay”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱey- (“color, usually gray”)). Cognates include Lithuanian šiẽnas (“hay”) (regionally siẽnas), Old Church Slavonic сѣно (sěno, “hay”) (Russian се́но (séno), Ukrainian сі́но (síno), Bulgarian сено́ (senó), Czech seno, Polish siano), and possibly Ancient Greek κοινά (koiná, “cattle food”).

siena guba, stirpa, kaudze

siena grābeklis, dakšas

siena pļava

siena laiks

pļaut, grābt sienu


roka

roka (nominative singular)
rokas (nominative plural)
roku (accusative singular)
rokas (accusative plural)
rokas (genitive singular)
roku (genitive plural)
rokai (dative singular)
rokām (dative plural)
roku (instrumental singular)
rokām (instrumental plural)
rokā (locative singular)
rokās (locative plural)
roka (singular vocative)
rokas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ránkāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *wrenk-, *wronk-, derived from the zero grade of the root *wer- (“to turn, to bend”). The original meaning was therefore “bent, bending (organ, limb)”.

kreisā, labā roka

spēcīgas, muskuļainas rokas

veiklas rokas

aiz, pie rokas

uz rokām

(holding, lifting something) in the arms

zem rokas

roku rokā

māt, mest ar roku

sniegt, dot roku

to give, to offer (one's) hand (for a handshake)

piedāvāt roku

to offer (one's) hand, arm (for support)

spiest, paspiest, saspiest roku

rokas spiediens

vilkt cimdus rokā

paņemt rokā grāmatu

maciņš izkrīt no rokas

the little wallet fell out of (his) hand(s)

māte mēdz iespiest rokas sānos

mother used to press her arms against her side

lai gan nav auksti, tomēr Juris mauc rokā pirkstainus cimdus

though it is not cold, Juris puts on his hand(s) the fingered gloves (i.e., not mittens, but gloves with actual places for each of the five fingers)

(anatomy) hand, arm (each of the upper limbs of the human body, from shoulder to palm)

rokas bremze

rokas svari

rokas sūknis

rokas zāģis, rokzāģis

rokas granāta

rokas bagaža

rokas pulkstenis

roku dzelži

roku dvielis

rokas sprādze, rokassprādze

rokas soma, rokassoma

roku darbs

manual labor; handmade item (lit. hand work)

rokas veidošana

ar automātiskajām centrālēm aizstātas rokas apkalpes telefona centrāles

with automatic (phone) exchanges manual service was replaced in telephone (= call) centers

(in the genitive, used adjectivally) hand ..., manual (to be used with one's hands, arms; to be done, carried out with one's hands, arms)

kleita ar garām rokām

atrotīt krekla rokas

(colloquial) sleeve (part of a garment that covers one's arms)

mehāniskā roka

robota roka satver apaļu metāla sagatavi un paliek to zem spiednes

the robot hand griped the circular metal object and placed it under the press

turamās rokas arklam ar skaista līkumā izliektiem apaļiem galiem koši zilas

the bright blue plow hands (= handles) with round ends bent in a beautifully arch

(technology) arm (a long, mobile mechanical device or part of a mechanical device; a handle)


alva

alva (nominative singular)
alvu (accusative singular)
alvas (genitive singular)
alvai (dative singular)
alvu (instrumental singular)
alvā (locative singular)
alva (singular vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *alu-ā-, *alwā-, from a derived form *al-əu-, *al-u- of Proto-Indo-European *al- (“to shine, to light”).
Cognates include Lithuanian álvas, ãlavas, Old Prussian alwis (“lead”), Old Church Slavonic олово (olovo, “lead”), Russian and Ukrainian олово (olovo, “tin”), Bulgarian олово (olovo, “lead”), Czech olovo (“lead”), Polish ołów (“lead”), and, from a different derived form of *al-, Ancient Greek ἀλφός (alphós, “white rash”), Latin albus (“dull white”).

cog

alvas rūda

alvas sakausējumi

alvas karote

pārklāt ar alvu

kausēt alvu

chemical element
chemical element#English

tin (metallic chemical element, with atomic number 50)


sega

sega (nominative singular)
segas (nominative plural)
segu (accusative singular)
segas (accusative plural)
segas (genitive singular)
segu (genitive plural)
segai (dative singular)
segām (dative plural)
segu (instrumental singular)
segām (instrumental plural)
segā (locative singular)
segās (locative plural)
sega (singular vocative)
segas (plural vocative)

gultas sega

bieza, silta sega

ietīties, ievīstīties segā

vatēta sega

dekoratīva sienas sega

kamanu sega

galvas sega, galvassega

ceļa sega

blanket, quilt (large cloth used for covering, especially a bedcover)

bieza sniega sega

seglu, galda sega

asfalta sega

augu sega

a layer (of something) that covers (something else)

zila dūmu sega

tumšpelēkā mākoņu sega virs māju jumtiem

a dark gray blanket of clouds over house roofs

clouds, fog, smoke, vapors (seen as covering something)


malu

inflection of mala:
accusative/instrumental singular


oga

oga (nominative singular)
ogas (nominative plural)
ogu (accusative singular)
ogas (accusative plural)
ogas (genitive singular)
ogu (genitive plural)
ogai (dative singular)
ogām (dative plural)
ogu (instrumental singular)
ogām (instrumental plural)
ogā (locative singular)
ogās (locative plural)
oga (singular vocative)
ogas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *wog-, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ṓˀgāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ógeh₂. Cognates include Lithuanian úoga, Old Church Slavonic агода (agoda), and possibly Tocharian B oko.

ogu sula

ogu krūms

ogu ķekars

iet ogās, iet lasīt ogas

ogu laiks


gripa

gripa (nominative singular)
gripas (nominative plural)
gripu (accusative singular)
gripas (accusative plural)
gripas (genitive singular)
gripu (genitive plural)
gripai (dative singular)
gripām (dative plural)
gripu (instrumental singular)
gripām (instrumental plural)
gripā (locative singular)
gripās (locative plural)
gripa (singular vocative)
gripas (plural vocative)


aita

aita (nominative singular)
aitas (nominative plural)
aitu (accusative singular)
aitas (accusative plural)
aitas (genitive singular)
aitu (genitive plural)
aitai (dative singular)
aitām (dative plural)
aitu (instrumental singular)
aitām (instrumental plural)
aitā (locative singular)
aitās (locative plural)
aita (singular vocative)
aitas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *aitā, from Proto-Indo-European *ey-, *oy- (“to go”) (cf. iet) with an extra syllable tā. The original meaning was thus “goer, one that goes (around),” a common source of words for “sheep” (cf. Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian баран (baran), a borrowing from Proto-Turkic *baran (“one that goes”)). An alternative theory, which derives aita from the diminutive avitiņa of dated avs (“sheep”) is less likely to be correct, since the avi > ai change would be irregular. Cognates include Lithuanian áita (feminine), áitas (“one who walks around a lot; restless person”) (masculine), Old Prussian aytegenis (“small (quick, restless) woodpecker”), Russian dialectal етенька (jetenʹka, “name used to call sheep”) (from *ěta- < *ait-), Hittite 𒇻 (iyant-, “sheep”) (lit. “goer, one that goes”).

mājas aita

aitu gans

aitu suns

cirpt aitas


lietus

lietus (nominative singular)
lieti (nominative plural)
lietu (accusative singular)
lietus (accusative plural)
lietus (genitive singular)
lietu (genitive plural)
lietum (dative singular)
lietiem (dative plural)
lietu (instrumental singular)
lietiem (instrumental plural)
lietū (locative singular)
lietos (locative plural)
lietus (singular vocative)
lieti (plural vocative)

From the same stem as Latvian liet (“to pour”) and līt (“to flow, to stream, to rain”) (q.v.), made into a masculine third declension noun (with ending -us); from Proto-Balto-Slavic *l(e/o)ʔi-, ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European root *ley- (“to flow, pour, stream; to glide, slip, be slippery”). Cognates include Lithuanian lietùs (“rain”), lytùs, líeti (“to pour”), laĩvas (“ship”), and likely the names of Latvia and Lithuania. More distantly related are Old Church Slavonic лити (liti, “to pour”) (< Proto-Slavic *lìti), Albanian lisë (“I pour”), Proto-Germanic *līþu (“cider ~ liquor”), Proto-Celtic *liyeti (“to flow”), Ancient Greek ἄλεισον (áleison, “wine container”), and perhaps λάταξ (látax, “drop”), Old Irish laith (“liquid; ale, liquor”) (< Proto-Celtic *lati-), Latin litus (“shore, beach”), and various descendants of Proto-Indo-European *lewh₃- (“to wash”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="lv">-us</i>

cog

pavasara lietus

garie rudens lietus

spēcīgs lietus

īslaicīgs lietus

lietus bungo pa jumtu

lietus līst

lietus līņā, smidzina

lietus ūdens

lietus lāses

lietus pil no jumta

the rain(water) is dripping from the roof

lietus mākoņi

lietus mētelis, lietusmētelis

caur pelēcīgo lietus plīvuru parādās kravas automobilis

through the grayish veil of rain a truck (lit. cargo automobile) appeared

viņi bija lietū ieecējuši auzas

they had began to harrow the oats in the rain (= while it was raining)

pēc lielajiem lietiem sākās labības pļauja

after the big rains began the cereal harvest

zvaigžņu lietus

dzirksteļu lietus

ložu lietus

priedēs iespurdz vējš, un uz ceļa nolīst ziedputekšņu lietus

the wind began to flutter in the pine trees, and a rain of pollen fell (lit. rained) on the road

(figuratively) rain (a rain-like group of small moving objects; a large number of similar things)


kakas

inflection of kaka:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


kapu

inflection of kaps:
accusative/instrumental singular


zoss

zoss (nominative singular)
zosis (nominative plural)
zosi (accusative singular)
zosis (accusative plural)
zoss (genitive singular)
zosu (genitive plural)
zosij (dative singular)
zosīm (dative plural)
zosi (instrumental singular)
zosīm (instrumental plural)
zosī (locative singular)
zosīs (locative plural)
zoss (singular vocative)
zosis (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *źansís, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂éns.

zosu bars

zosu spalvas

zoss cepetis

meža zoss

pelēkā zoss

goose (several birds of the tribe Anatini or subfamily Anatinae of the Anatidae family, genera Anser, Branta, and Chen)


blusa

blusa (nominative singular)
blusas (nominative plural)
blusu (accusative singular)
blusas (accusative plural)
blusas (genitive singular)
blusu (genitive plural)
blusai (dative singular)
blusām (dative plural)
blusu (instrumental singular)
blusām (instrumental plural)
blusā (locative singular)
blusās (locative plural)
blusa (singular vocative)
blusas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *blúšāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlúseh₂.

blusas kodiens

cilvēka blusa

ķert blusas

uz netīras ādas parazitē blusas, kas izplata infekciju slimības

dirty skin is parasitized by fleas which spread infectious diseases

flea (various small, wingless bloodsucking parasites of order Siphonaptera, famous for their ability to jump)


alu

inflection of ala:
accusative/instrumental singular

vocative/accusative/instrumental singular of alus


kolu

inflection of kols:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of kola:
accusative/instrumental singular


namu

inflection of nams:
accusative/instrumental singular


putra

putra (nominative singular)
putras (nominative plural)
putru (accusative singular)
putras (accusative plural)
putras (genitive singular)
putru (genitive plural)
putrai (dative singular)
putrām (dative plural)
putru (instrumental singular)
putrām (instrumental plural)
putrā (locative singular)
putrās (locative plural)
putra (singular vocative)
putras (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *pew- (“to blow (up)”), see also Ancient Greek φῦσα (phûsa), Latin pustula.


briedis

briedis (nominative singular)
brieži (nominative plural)
briedi (accusative singular)
briežus (accusative plural)
brieža (genitive singular)
briežu (genitive plural)
briedim (dative singular)
briežiem (dative plural)
briedi (instrumental singular)
briežiem (instrumental plural)
briedī (locative singular)
briežos (locative plural)
briedi (singular vocative)
brieži (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *breid-, *bried-, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreydʰ-, together with a variant *bʰrent-, both from the stem *bʰer (“to swell”) (whence also briest (“to swell”), q.v.). The meaning apparently changed as follows: “swollen, big” > “having a big, well-developed body” > “strong, imposing (animal).” At first this word apparently referred to elks, and only later to deer; the meaning “elk” is still found in folklore. Cognates include Lithuanian bríedis (“elk”), Old Prussian braydis (“elk”) (< *breidis), Sudovian brid (“deer”), Elfdalian brinde (“elk”), Messapic brénthon (“elk, deer”) (< *brénton), Messapic bréndon (“deer”), Albanian bri (“horn, antler”), Thracian toponym Brendike, Swedish brinde (“elk”).

brieža ragi

brieža medības

briežu mātīte

stalts kā briedis


ratu

inflection of rats:
accusative/instrumental singular


ornaments

ornaments (nominative singular)
ornamenti (nominative plural)
ornamentu (accusative singular)
ornamentus (accusative plural)
ornamenta (genitive singular)
ornamentu (genitive plural)
ornamentam (dative singular)
ornamentiem (dative plural)
ornamentu (instrumental singular)
ornamentiem (instrumental plural)
ornamentā (locative singular)
ornamentos (locative plural)
ornament (singular vocative)
ornamenti (plural vocative)


personas

inflection of persona:
genitive singular

inflection of persona:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


stops

stops (nominative singular)
stopi (nominative plural)
stopu (accusative singular)
stopus (accusative plural)
stopa (genitive singular)
stopu (genitive plural)
stopam (dative singular)
stopiem (dative plural)
stopu (instrumental singular)
stopiem (instrumental plural)
stopā (locative singular)
stopos (locative plural)
stop (singular vocative)
stopi (plural vocative)

From the same stem as the verb stiept (“to stretch, to pull”) (q.v.); the original meaning was probably “(something) stretched,” “(something) made tight by stretching.”

stopu gatavošana prasīja daudz darba un pacietības

the making of a crossbow demanded much work and patience

Griģis veikli rīkojās ar stopu, un viņa bultas droši skrēja mērķim pretī

Griģis quickly acted with (his) crossbow, and his arrows surely flew toward the goal

crossbow (an old mechanical weapon based on the bow and arrows, used to shoot bolts)


stops

Borrowed from Middle Low German stōp (“measure of volume”), first mentioned in 17th-century dictionaries.

bor

trumuli mēs nopirkām no Jaņķeļa par 15 kapeikām; viņā ieiet divi stopi ūdens

we bought a drum from Jaņķeļš for 15 kopeks; it can hold 2 stopi (= 2.6 cubic decimeters) of water

old unit for measuring volume, equivalent to approximately 1.3 cubic decimeters

virtuvē nomazgājos, ar misiņa stopu liedams ūdeni saujā

I washed in the kitchen, pouring water with the brass stops into my cupped hand


pupas

inflection of pupa:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


gnomons

lv-noun

gnomons m (^(???) please provide the declension type!)


govs

govs (nominative singular)
govis (nominative plural)
govi (accusative singular)
govis (accusative plural)
govs (genitive singular)
govju (genitive plural)
govij (dative singular)
govīm (dative plural)
govi (instrumental singular)
govīm (instrumental plural)
govī (locative singular)
govīs (locative plural)
govs (singular vocative)
govis (plural vocative)

From earlier Latvian *gùovis, from Eastern Proto-Baltic *guowis (an i-stem), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gaw- ~ *gōw-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cattle”).
Cognates include Hittite [script needed] (guwau-), Old Armenian կով (kov), Proto-Slavic *govędo (“cattle”) (Russian говя́дина (govjádina, “beef”), dialectal говя́до (govjádo, “cattle, beef, butter”), Belarusian гавя́да (havjáda, “domestic animal”), Bulgarian говедо (govedo, “cow, cattle”), Czech hovado (“cow, cattle”)), Old High German chuo (German Kuh, Dutch koe, English cow, Swedish ko, Icelandic kýr), Proto-Celtic *bow- (Old Irish bó, Irish bó, Scottish Gaelic bò, Middle Welsh bu) Latin bōs, bōvis (“ox, cattle”), dialectal vos (Italian bove, bue, French bœuf, Romanian bou, Spanish buey, Portuguese boi).

cog

govju ferma

govju ēdināšana

cattle (bovines in general, syn. liellops)

piena govs

slaukt govis

govs stāv ciet, ir ciet

the cow stands, is closed (= does not give milk, before calving)


mags

mags (nominative singular)
magi (nominative plural)
magu (accusative singular)
magus (accusative plural)
maga (genitive singular)
magu (genitive plural)
magam (dative singular)
magiem (dative plural)
magu (instrumental singular)
magiem (instrumental plural)
magā (locative singular)
magos (locative plural)
mag (singular vocative)
magi (plural vocative)


marts

marts (nominative singular)
marti (nominative plural)
martu (accusative singular)
martus (accusative plural)
marta (genitive singular)
martu (genitive plural)
martam (dative singular)
martiem (dative plural)
martu (instrumental singular)
martiem (instrumental plural)
martā (locative singular)
martos (locative plural)
mart (singular vocative)
marti (plural vocative)

From Latin mārtius (“month of the god Mars”), from earlier Mavors.

marta vējš

marta saule

svinēt 8. (astoto) martu

marta vakars, kad daba vēl svārstās starp ziemu un pavasari

an evening in March, when nature still hesitates between winter and spring

the month of March (the third month of the year)


kapi

kapi (nominative plural)
kapus (accusative plural)
kapu (genitive plural)
kapiem (dative plural)
kapiem (instrumental plural)
kapos (locative plural)
kapi (plural vocative)


nazis

nazis (nominative singular)
naži (nominative plural)
nazi (accusative singular)
nažus (accusative plural)
naža (genitive singular)
nažu (genitive plural)
nazim (dative singular)
nažiem (dative plural)
nazi (instrumental singular)
nažiem (instrumental plural)
nazī (locative singular)
nažos (locative plural)
nazi (singular vocative)
naži (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old East Slavic ножь (nožĭ, “knife”) (compare Russian нож (nož)). The word probably entered the language in the 13th century, and is attested in its modern form in dictionaries from the 17th century on.

bor+

ass, truls nazis

asināt nazi

akmens nazis

kabatas nazis

virtuves nazis

bārdas nazis

griezt ar nazi

knife (utensil or tool with a blade and a handle, designed for cutting)


referendums

referendums (nominative singular)
referendumi (nominative plural)
referendumu (accusative singular)
referendumus (accusative plural)
referenduma (genitive singular)
referendumu (genitive plural)
referendumam (dative singular)
referendumiem (dative plural)
referendumu (instrumental singular)
referendumiem (instrumental plural)
referendumā (locative singular)
referendumos (locative plural)
referendum (singular vocative)
referendumi (plural vocative)

From Latin referendum (“what ought to be brought back, reported”), the gerundive form of referō (“to bring back, report”).

uder

2012. gada referendums par Satversmes grozījumiem, kas paredzēja krievu valodai noteikt otras valsts valodas statusu

the 2012 referendum on the constitutional amendments that provided for the Russian language to have the status of second official language

referendum (direct popular vote or a proposed law or amendment)


ganu

inflection of gans:
accusative/instrumental singular


ota

ota (nominative singular)
otas (nominative plural)
otu (accusative singular)
otas (accusative plural)
otas (genitive singular)
otu (genitive plural)
otai (dative singular)
otām (dative plural)
otu (instrumental singular)
otām (instrumental plural)
otā (locative singular)
otās (locative plural)
ota (singular vocative)
otas (plural vocative)

From *vota ([vuota]) with loss of initial v (like ola (“egg”), q.v.), from *wuo-, from Proto-Baltic *wan-, from Proto-Indo-European *won-, *wen-, *wā- (“to hit”). The original meaning was apparently “(something) for hitting,” at some point used to refer to the birch brooms used to hit oneself in steam baths, and then to all brooms. In the 1920s its use was restricted to the modern sense of “paintbrush.” Cognates include Lithuanian vánta (“broom for hitting oneself in steam baths”).

cog

gleznotāja ota

krāsotāja ota

ieziešanas ota

raga ota

otas triepiens, vilciens

gleznot ar otu

iemērkt otu krāsā

otas meistars

an outstanding painter (lit. master of the paintbrush)

virsmu krāsošanai mājas apstākļos lieto otu, un katrs, kas krāsojis, zina, ka ne vienmēr izdodas krāsu uzklāt vienmērīgi un glīti

for painting surfaces at home one uses a (paint)brush, and anyone who paints knows that you cannot always apply the paint evenly and neatly

paintbrush (instrument for painting or drawing, consisting of a bundle of hairs or feathers attached to the end of a handle)

šī mākslinieka otai pieder interesantās klusās dabas

this artist's paintbrush has an interesting quiet nature

Konrāda Ubāna ota radījusi ne tikai ainavas, bet arī portretus un klusās dabas, bez tam tā kalpousi monumentālajai mākslai un teātrim

Konrāds Ubāns' paintbrush created not only landscapes, but also portraits and still lifes, and served in addition monumental art and theater


muti

accusative/instrumental singular of mute


zivs

zivs (nominative singular)
zivis (nominative plural)
zivi (accusative singular)
zivis (accusative plural)
zivs (genitive singular)
zivju (genitive plural)
zivij (dative singular)
zivīm (dative plural)
zivi (instrumental singular)
zivīm (instrumental plural)
zivī (locative singular)
zivīs (locative plural)
zivs (singular vocative)
zivis (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *źū́ˀs, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰu-. Cognates include Lithuanian žuvìs (“fish”), Old Prussian suckis (zukis, “fish”), Ancient Greek ἰχθύς (ikhthús) and Old Armenian ձուկն (jukn).
Karulis doesn't accept the resolution of the thorn cluster and so instead sets up *ǵʰeu-wi-s, *ǵʰu-wi-s from a putative Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰew- (“fish”), comparing *ǵʰew- (“to pour”) or *ǵʰēu-, *ǵʰəu- (“to gape”).

jūras zivis

svaigas zivis

saldētas zivis

žāvēt zivis

zivju dīķi

zivju eļļa

zivju nārsts

plēsīgās zivis

zivju konservi

zivju ikri, spuras

saldūdens zivis

dziļūdens zivis

vilkt, zvejot zivis

zivju rūpniecība

kā zivs ūdenī

like a fish in water (= very comfortable)

“vai te nav kāda upe tuvumā?” “ir; un tur ir daudz zivju”

“isn't there some river nearby?” “(yes,) there is; and there are a lot of fish there (= in it)”

fish (animal that lives in water, moving with fins and breathing with gills)


daina

daina (nominative singular)
dainas (nominative plural)
dainu (accusative singular)
dainas (accusative plural)
dainas (genitive singular)
dainu (genitive plural)
dainai (dative singular)
dainām (dative plural)
dainu (instrumental singular)
dainām (instrumental plural)
dainā (locative singular)
dainās (locative plural)
daina (singular vocative)
dainas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dainā (compare Lithuanian daina), from *deî- (“to sing, dance”), from Proto-Indo-European *deyh₁- (“move swiftly”) (compare Old Irish dían (“fast”), Ancient Greek δίω (díō, “I run away, flee”), Sanskrit दीयति (dīyati, “he soars”)). Cf. also Romanian doină.


virsa

virsa (nominative singular)
virsas (nominative plural)
virsu (accusative singular)
virsas (accusative plural)
virsas (genitive singular)
virsu (genitive plural)
virsai (dative singular)
virsām (dative plural)
virsu (instrumental singular)
virsām (instrumental plural)
virsā (locative singular)
virsās (locative plural)
virsa (singular vocative)
virsas (plural vocative)

A variant of the (now rarer) term virsus, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wíršus, Proto-Indo-European *wers-, from *wer- (“elevated place”) with an extra suffix -s. Cognates include Lithuanian viršùs, Proto-Slavic *vьrxъ (Old Church Slavonic врьхъ (vrĭxŭ), Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian верх (verx), Bulgarian връх (vrǎh), Czech vrch, Polish wierzch), Old English wearr (“hardened blister, wart”), dialectal German Werre (“eye inflammation, stye”), Old Irish ferr (“better”), Sanskrit वर्ष्मन् (varṣmán, “height, highest part, peak, top, end”), Latin verrūca (“wart”).

galda virsa

siena krāvuma virsa

cepure ar platu virsu

top (the upper part, of an object, body, etc.)

ūdens virsas temperatūra

apavu virsa

pulksteņa virsa atmirdzēja kā zelts

the surface of the clock was shining like gold


muša

muša (nominative singular)
mušas (nominative plural)
mušu (accusative singular)
mušas (accusative plural)
mušas (genitive singular)
mušu (genitive plural)
mušai (dative singular)
mušām (dative plural)
mušu (instrumental singular)
mušām (instrumental plural)
mušā (locative singular)
mušās (locative plural)
muša (singular vocative)
mušas (plural vocative)

Via an intermediate form *musya, from Proto-Baltic *mūs-, from Proto-Indo-European *mū-, *mu- (“fly, insect”) with an extra s.
Cognates include Lithuanian mùsė, dialectal musià, Old Church Slavonic моуха (muxa), Russian муха (muxa), Ancient Greek μυῖα (muîa) (< *müsya), Latin musca, Old Armenian մուն (mun), Proto-Germanic *mūją, *muwī (“midge”) (English midge, German Mücke, Dutch mug, Swedish mygg, Icelandic mý).

istabas, mājas muša

gaļas muša

mēslu muša

cece muša

mušu kāpuri

fly (small two-winged insect, belonging to the order Diptera, especially family Muscidae)


parks

parks (nominative singular)
parki (nominative plural)
parku (accusative singular)
parkus (accusative plural)
parka (genitive singular)
parku (genitive plural)
parkam (dative singular)
parkiem (dative plural)
parku (instrumental singular)
parkiem (instrumental plural)
parkā (locative singular)
parkos (locative plural)
park (singular vocative)
parki (plural vocative)