saimnieks

lv-noun

saimnieks m (1st declension, feminine form: saimniece)

saimniece (feminine)
saimnieks (nominative singular)
saimnieki (nominative plural)
saimnieku (accusative singular)
saimniekus (accusative plural)
saimnieka (genitive singular)
saimnieku (genitive plural)
saimniekam (dative singular)
saimniekiem (dative plural)
saimnieku (instrumental singular)
saimniekiem (instrumental plural)
saimniekā (locative singular)
saimniekos (locative plural)
saimniek (singular vocative)
saimnieki (plural vocative)

From saime (“family, household”) + -nieks. Though it is an old compound (already attested in 17th-century sources), it was only introduced in the literary (standard) language in 1862 by J. Alunāns.

lielie, bagātie, naudīgie saimnieki

kalpi neiet apstaigāt Avotu laukus, apskatīties zirgus un ēkas, kā to dara ciemā atbraukušie saimnieki

the servants (farm helpers) don't go around the fields to look at the horses and buildings, the way that the landowners do, when they arrive in the village

farmer, landowner (the owner of a farm, especially a large one)

iebraucamās vietas saimnieks

viesnīcas saimnieks

visi apkārtējie restorānu saimnieki zināja, ka pilsoņa Žana Gijo veikalā vienmēr svaiga prece

all the surrounding restaurant owners knew that there always was fresh merchandise (= ingredients) in citizen Žans Gijo's shop

owner or tenant, especially of a small business

mēs dzīvojām koka namiņā sētā... tas namiņš nebija mūsu, bet piederēja saimniekam

we lived in a little wooden hut... that hut was not ours, it belonged to (our) landlord

maza auguma vīrs... skaļi ķīvējas ar mājas saimnieku

a man of short build... quarreled loudly with the landlord

landlord (owner of a building, house, apartment, etc.)

kā saimnieks... es torīt atvēru sava kabineta durvis un turpat pie durvīm apstājos: redzēju, ka neesmu vairs saimnieks... uz galda augšpēdus gulēja vācu virsnieka cepure

as the master (of that office) I opened that morning my office's door and immediately stopped at the door: I saw that I was no longer the master... a German officer's hat was lying upside down on the table

owner, master, boss (person who owns or has the right to use a certain space, room, place)

kaķis kas ir pamests... parasti vairs citam saimniekam neuzticas un kļūst par īstu, mežonīgu zvēru

a cat that was abandoned... usually does not trust another owner and becomes a true wild beast

vēl jau gan viņš tur šauteni savās rokās, bet Ferdinands saprot, ka saimnieks tai jau ir cits: tas, lielais vīrs ar zilganpelēkajām acīm

though he is holding the gun in his hands, Ferdinands understands that its owner is another (person): that big man with the bluish-gray eyes

owner (person who owns something, e.g., an object)

lietuviešu tauta kļuva par pilntiesīgu savas zemes saimnieku

the Lithuanian people became the full master of their own land

pēc staltās gaitas, formas tērpa un izturēšanās spriežot, par kuģa saimnieku pirmajā brīdī varēja noturēt kapteiņa pirmo palīgu

judging by his stately gait, uniform and behavior, one could at first take the first mate for the ship's boss (= captain)

master, boss, leader (person who runs, administers, manages, organizes something, making decisions about it)

saimnieks ar ciemiņu beidzot piesēdušies pie galda

the host with (his) guest finally sat at the table

host (person who entertains guests, visitors)

katrai blusu sugai ir noteikts saimnieks

every species of flea has a specific host

Mazākās zaļganās dēles dzīvoja uz zivju ādas un pārtika no saimnieku asinīm

the smaller greenish leeches lived on fish skin and fed from their host's blood

(biology) host (an organism in which a parasite lives)


sieru

inflection of siers:
accusative/instrumental singular


bērns

bērns (nominative singular)
bērni (nominative plural)
bērnu (accusative singular)
bērnus (accusative plural)
bērna (genitive singular)
bērnu (genitive plural)
bērnam (dative singular)
bērniem (dative plural)
bērnu (instrumental singular)
bērniem (instrumental plural)
bērnā (locative singular)
bērnos (locative plural)
bērns (singular vocative)
bērni (plural vocative)

From an earlier *berns, with lengthening ([èɾ] > [æ̀ːɾ]), from Proto-Baltic *bernas, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- with an extra -no-s. The meaning evolved from “carry, bear” > “carried thing, burden” > “baby (being carried by pregnant woman)” > “child.” Cognates include Lithuanian bérnas (“young, unmarried man; child; boy; servant”), Sudovian barnaj (“children”) (< *bernai), Proto-Germanic *barną (“child”) (Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌽 (barn), Swedish barn, English bairn (“child”)). In the sense of “burden,” also Proto-Slavic *bermę < *bermen- (dialectal Russian бере́мя (berémja, “burden; lap”)), Old Armenian բեռն (beṙn), Ancient Greek φέρνη (phérnē, “dowry”); in the sense of “pregnant,” Russian бере́менная (berémennaja), Polish brzemienna, from brzemienny (“full of cargo”); and in the sense of “to be born, birth,” Ancient Greek φέρμα (phérma, “fruit of the earth”), Old English ġeberan (“to bring forth, to give birth”), German gebären, English bear, be born.

cog

mazs bērns

raudošs bērns

nerātns bērns

neiznests bērns

premature (lit. not-fully-carried) child

ārlaulības, nelikumīgs bērns

bērna audzināšana

auklēt bērnu

kopt bērnu

mācīt bērnu

adoptēt bērnu

bērnu ratiņi

strollers (literally, “little children's carts”)

bērnu autiņi

diapers (literally, “children's little cloths”)

bērnu nams, bērnunams

orphanage (literally, “children's house”)

bērnu dārzs, bērnudārzs

kindergarten (literally, “children's garden”)

bērnu laukums

bērnu literatūra

bērnu ārsts

bērnu spēle

children's play (= something very simple and easy)

tu runā kā bērns

you talk like a child (= too naively, childishly)

child (boy or girl up to approximately 14 or 13 years of age)

vienu vecāku bērni

pieauguši bērni

viņai ir vienpadsmit bērnu: septiņas meitas un četri dēli

she has eleven children: seven daughters and four sons

kad bērni lieli, iet tie paši ar savu galvu un vecāku prātu

child (son or daughter, regardless of age, in relation to their parents; descendants)

“vai, māt, Brūnaļai teļinš!” meitene priecīgi sasit rokas... “Brūnaļa mani vairs nepazīst...” “viņai bail, ka tu nedari pāri viņas bērnam”

“oh, Mum, Brūnaļa (the cow) has a little calf!” the girl happily clapped her hands... “Brūnaļa doesn't know me anymore...” “she is afraid of what you might do to her child”

tu biji krietnais tautas bērns

you were an honest, decent child of the people

dziesma, ai dziesmiņa, skani skaļi / visur, kur Latvijas bērniem mājas!

song, oh little song, do sound loud / everywhere where Latvia's children have homes!

(poetic) person, with respect to land, people, nation, political movement, etc. to which he or she belongs


kāposti

kāposti (nominative plural)
kāpostus (accusative plural)
kāpostu (genitive plural)
kāpostiem (dative plural)
kāpostiem (instrumental plural)
kāpostos (locative plural)
kāposti (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old East Slavic капуста (kapusta) (cf. Russian капу́ста (kapústa)), itself a borrowing based on the merging of two Latin words, caputium (“head of cabbage”) and compos(i)ta (“compound vegetables”). This word must have been borrowed before the 13th century, when Old East Slavic у was still pronounced as o. Its first occurrence is in 16th-century dictionaries.

audzēt kāpostus

kāpostu galviņa, kāpostgalviņa

vārīt kāpostus

kāpostu pīrāgs

Brassica oleracea
Brassica oleracea#Translingual

cabbage (a type of leafy vegetable, especially Brassica oleracea)


burkānu

inflection of burkāns:
accusative/instrumental singular


pienu

inflection of piens:
accusative/instrumental singular


cimdu

inflection of cimds:
accusative/instrumental singular


prostitūcijām

dative/instrumental plural of prostitūcija


birku

inflection of birka:
accusative/instrumental singular


pornogrāfiju

inflection of pornogrāfija:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of pornogrāfija:
genitive plural


pornogrāfijām

dative/instrumental plural of pornogrāfija


profesiju

inflection of profesija:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of profesija:
genitive plural


prostitūcijas

inflection of prostitūcija:
genitive singular

inflection of prostitūcija:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


prostitūciju

inflection of prostitūcija:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of prostitūcija:
genitive plural


pornogrāfijas

inflection of pornogrāfija:
genitive singular

inflection of pornogrāfija:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


tomātu

inflection of tomāts:
accusative/instrumental singular


sviestu

inflection of sviests:
accusative/instrumental singular


desas

inflection of desa:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


birkas

inflection of birka:
nominative/accusative/vocative plural


pornogrāfi

nominative/vocative plural of pornogrāfs


skolnieks

lv-noun

skolnieks m (1st declension, feminine form: skolniece)

skolniece (feminine)
skolnieks (nominative singular)
skolnieki (nominative plural)
skolnieku (accusative singular)
skolniekus (accusative plural)
skolnieka (genitive singular)
skolnieku (genitive plural)
skolniekam (dative singular)
skolniekiem (dative plural)
skolnieku (instrumental singular)
skolniekiem (instrumental plural)
skolniekā (locative singular)
skolniekos (locative plural)
skolniek (singular vocative)
skolnieki (plural vocative)

From skola (“school”) + -nieks. Some 18th-century authors used skolnieks in the past to mean “teacher” (now skolotājs), but this usage never became popular. Also in the current sense of “schoolboy,” it is attested from the 18th century on, in parallel with its synonym skolēns, having mostly replaced in this sense earlier expressions like skolas bērns (lit. “school child”) and māceklis (nowadays “apprentice”).

čakls skolnieks

astoņgadīgas skolas skolnieks

trešās klases skolnieks

zēns bija ļoti centīgs skolnieks un nekad nenovēloja pirmo stundu

the boy was a very diligent student and was never late for the first class

Pavlovam nekad netrūka skolnieku: viņa mazo laboratoriju apmeklēja ārsti, kas interesējās par fizioloģiju... daudzi no viņa skolniekiem pēc tam kļuva ievērojami fiziologi vai ārsti

Pavlov never lacked students: doctors who were interested in physiology came to his small laboratory... many of his students later became notable physilogists or (medical) doctors

J. G. Mītels bija viens no pēdējiem J. S. Baha skolniekiem Leipcigā, mācījās pie viņa kompozīciju, klavieru un ērģeļu spēli

J. G. Mietel was one of J. S. Bach's last students in Leipzig, he studied composition, piano and organ with him (= with J. S. Bach)

student (person who studies something, especially with a famous teacher)


kāliju

accusative/instrumental singular of kālijs


seksu

inflection of sekss (“sex”):
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of sekss (“sex”):
genitive plural


pornogrāfiem

dative/instrumental plural of pornogrāfs


lietvārdu

inflection of lietvārds:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of lietvārds:
genitive plural


literatūru

inflection of literatūra:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of literatūra:
genitive plural


literatūrām

dative/instrumental plural of literatūra


kompjūteri

nominative/vocative plural of kompjūters


kompjūteriem

dative/instrumental plural of kompjūters


pornogrāfu

inflection of pornogrāfs:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of pornogrāfs:
genitive plural


datoru

inflection of dators:
accusative/instrumental singular


sievu

inflection of sieva:
accusative/instrumental singular


kompjūteru

inflection of kompjūters:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of kompjūters:
genitive plural


literatūrai

dative singular of literatūra (“literature”)


svētdienu

inflection of svētdiena:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of svētdiena:
genitive plural


krēslu

inflection of krēsls:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of krēsla:
accusative/instrumental singular


literatūras

inflection of literatūra (“literature”):


sestdienas

inflection of sestdiena:
genitive singular

inflection of sestdiena:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


piektdienām

dative/instrumental plural of piektdiena


piektdienu

inflection of piektdiena:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of piektdiena:
genitive plural


svētdienas

inflection of svētdiena:
genitive singular

inflection of svētdiena:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


ceturtdienām

dative/instrumental plural of ceturtdiena


ceturtdienas

inflection of ceturtdiena:
genitive singular

inflection of ceturtdiena:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


burkāns

burkāns (nominative singular)
burkāni (nominative plural)
burkānu (accusative singular)
burkānus (accusative plural)
burkāna (genitive singular)
burkānu (genitive plural)
burkānam (dative singular)
burkāniem (dative plural)
burkānu (instrumental singular)
burkāniem (instrumental plural)
burkānā (locative singular)
burkānos (locative plural)
burkān (singular vocative)
burkāni (plural vocative)

The word is first mentioned in Latvian in 17th-century dictionaries. It is a heavily discussed word spread around Baltic Sea, up to Russian бурка́н (burkán), борка́н (borkán) and Finnish porkkana, Estonian porgand, Livonian borkõn, borkõnz, borkkiņ, the immediate sources of which are unknown but are sought in any of the neighbouring Indo-European languages. Possible scenarios:
* It is a borrowing from Baltic German Burkane, from Middle Low German, itself
** from Old Frisian bure, burre (“conic root; top of a stake, pile (in the ground)”) + a diminutive suffix -ken, -kan (cf. the Old Frisian reduced form burke (“little root”)). But it is dubious that the diminutive suffix would get a long vowel and even become stressed. In turn it is tempting to assume in this constellation that the German is from Latvian. One needs to ask why this word has prominence only in the extreme fringes of the German and Russian language areas respectively.
** from Burgundian rule over the Netherlands, hence the word would just reflected the country name Burgundy. This is backed by the observation of the carrot plant’s spread in the Late Middle Ages from the Mediterranean over Middle Europe to Northeast Europe. But the transmitting forms of Low German and Dutch dialects are in question.
* It is from a Proto-Indo-European *br̥k, *mr̥k with reflexes in Lithuanian burkūnas, burkañtas, Ancient Greek βράκανα (brákana), Russian борка́н, бурка́н (borkán, burkán) on the one hand and Proto-Slavic *mъrky and Proto-Germanic *murhǭ on the other.
* It is from a non-Indo-European substrate language which had an alternation that explains the anlaut variation between the voiced bilabial plosive and the voiced bilabial nasal of the aforementioned words. Ancient Greek βράκανα (brákana, “wild vegetables”) is a random correspondence if not remotely related via the source language of this word.
* The Baltic words are possibly from a non-Indo-European substrate language and German and Russian derive from Latvian. Proto-Slavic *mъrky and Proto-Germanic *murhǭ are random correspondences, possibly from an unrelated substrate.

unk

discussed

cog

борка́н, бурка́н

galda burkāns

lopbarības burkāns

burkānu vaga

burkānu lauks

ravēt burkānus

burkānu kaitēkļi

no savvaļas burkāna krustojot izaudzēts lauku burkāns

by crossing wild carrots the field carrot was grown

Daucus carota
Daucus carota#Translingual

carrot (a plant with a large edible root, often orange in colour, esp. Daucus carota)

dzert burkānu sulu

burkānu salāti

tīrīt burkānus

pagrabos glabā kartupeļus, burkānus, bietes un citas saknes

in the cellars one stores potatoes, carrots, beets and other roots

Tenis atkal piesarka kā burkāns

carrot (the edible root of that plant, often orange in colour and used as a vegetable)


piektdienas

inflection of piektdiena:
genitive singular

inflection of piektdiena:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


ceturtdienu

inflection of ceturtdiena:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of ceturtdiena:
genitive plural


trešdienas

inflection of trešdiena:
genitive singular

inflection of trešdiena:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


otrdienas

inflection of otrdiena:
genitive singular

inflection of otrdiena:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


trešdienu

inflection of trešdiena:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of trešdiena:
genitive plural


otrdienu

inflection of otrdiena:
accusative/instrumental singular


pirmdienas

inflection of pirmdiena:
genitive singular

inflection of pirmdiena:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


pirmdienu

inflection of pirmdiena:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of pirmdiena:
genitive plural


brāli

vocative/accusative/instrumental singular of brālis


sekss

sekss (nominative singular)
seksi (nominative plural)
seksu (accusative singular)
seksus (accusative plural)
seksa (genitive singular)
seksu (genitive plural)
seksam (dative singular)
seksiem (dative plural)
seksu (instrumental singular)
seksiem (instrumental plural)
seksā (locative singular)
seksos (locative plural)
seks (singular vocative)
seksi (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin sexus (“sex, gender”).

sieviešu sekss

sex, gender (the two groups in which most living beings can be divided, according to their role in the reproductive process)

seksa fiziskās izpausmes

seksa horoskops

cik bieži latviešu sievietēm ir sekss?

sekss kļuvis par izpētes, ārstēšanas priekšmetu

sex has become an object of research and (medical) treatment

sexual intercourse
sexual intercourse#English

(usually singular) sex (sexual intercourse, sexual activity)


aprīli

vocative/accusative/instrumental singular of aprīlis


augustu

inflection of augusts:
accusative/instrumental singular


cimds

cimds (nominative singular)
cimdi (nominative plural)
cimdu (accusative singular)
cimdus (accusative plural)
cimda (genitive singular)
cimdu (genitive plural)
cimdam (dative singular)
cimdiem (dative plural)
cimdu (instrumental singular)
cimdiem (instrumental plural)
cimdā (locative singular)
cimdos (locative plural)
cimd (singular vocative)
cimdi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *kimdas (possibly conserved for a while in Lithuanian, but later lost), an old word, widely borrowed into Baltic-Finnic languages: compare Finnish kinnas (genitive kintaan), Estonian kinnas (genitive kinda), Veps kindas, kindaz, Livonian kindas, k'indaz. Some researchers derive *kimdas from an old Proto-Baltic verb *kimti (“to press, to shove, to thrust”), from Proto-Baltic *kim-, from the zero grade *km̥- of Proto-Indo-European *kem- (“to press together; to hinder, to hamper”); the original meaning of cimds would be, in this case, “that in which one shoves one's hands,” or “that which presses one's hands.” Others, however, derive cimds from Proto-Baltic *šim- (with the expected Latvian reflex *sim- changing to *cim- via original or dialectal variation, as with, e.g., saukt : kaukt), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱem- (“to cover”) (whence German Hemd). It is possible that Proto-Indo-European *kem- and *ḱem- were variants of a single stem, with differentiated semantics.

der

labās rokas cimds

kreisās rokas cimds

cimdu pāris

pirkstaini, dūraini cimdi

tamborēti cimdi

kaprona, gumija cimdi

boksa cimdi

darba cimdi

garie cimdi

long gloves (to the elbow; worn by women)

ķirurģiskie cimdi

cimda pirksts

uzvilkt, novilkt cimdus

adīt cimdus

glove (item of clothing that covers one's hands)


februāri

inflection of februāris:
nominative/vocative plural


sestdienu

inflection of sestdiena:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of sestdiena:
genitive plural


laivu

inflection of laiva:
accusative/instrumental singular


blusu

inflection of blusa:
accusative/instrumental singular


sievas

inflection of sieva:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


tauriņu

inflection of tauriņš:
accusative singular

inflection of tauriņš:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


karali

vocative/accusative/instrumental singular of karalis


blusas

inflection of blusa (“flea”):
genitive singular

inflection of blusa (“flea”):
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


mīlestību

accusative/instrumental singular of mīlestība


vēju

inflection of vējš:
accusative/instrumental singular


itāli

vocative/accusative/instrumental singular of itālis


ventilatoriem

dative/instrumental plural of ventilators


ventilatoru

inflection of ventilators:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of ventilators:
genitive plural


betonu

inflection of betons:
accusative/instrumental singular


grauzēju

inflection of grauzējs:
accusative/instrumental singular


sniegavīriem

dative/instrumental plural of sniegavīrs


sniegavīru

inflection of sniegavīrs:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of sniegavīrs:
genitive plural


sniegavīri

nominative/vocative plural of sniegavīrs


skolu

inflection of skola:
accusative/instrumental singular


sieva

sieva (nominative singular)
sievas (nominative plural)
sievu (accusative singular)
sievas (accusative plural)
sievas (genitive singular)
sievu (genitive plural)
sievai (dative singular)
sievām (dative plural)
sievu (instrumental singular)
sievām (instrumental plural)
sievā (locative singular)
sievās (locative plural)
sieva (singular vocative)
sievas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śéiwāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱéy-wos, from *ḱey- (“be located; camp, settlement; friendly; from the same home”) with a suffix -wā (from the same stem also Latvian saime (“household”)). The semantic change seems to have been “friendly settlement or household member” > “woman”. Cognate with Sanskrit शेव (śéva, “dear, friendly, honored”), Gothic 𐌷𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰-𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰 (heiwa-frauja, “master of the house”), Old High German hiwa (“wife”), hi(w)o (“spouse; servant”), Latin civis (“citizen”) (previously “household member”, “villager”). As Latvian sieva gradually shifted its basic meaning to “wife”, a new term sieviete (“woman”) was coined (in the 19th century).

cog

𐌷𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰-𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰

vīrs un sieva

nolūkot sievu

ņemt, apņemt sievu

sievas vecāki

viņa jau divus gadus ir sieva

viņam nav sievas

wife (married woman; woman with respect to her husband)

sievu koris

tirgus sieva

istabā ienāca kāda sieva


krēsls

krēsls (nominative singular)
krēsli (nominative plural)
krēslu (accusative singular)
krēslus (accusative plural)
krēsla (genitive singular)
krēslu (genitive plural)
krēslam (dative singular)
krēsliem (dative plural)
krēslu (instrumental singular)
krēsliem (instrumental plural)
krēslā (locative singular)
krēslos (locative plural)
krēsl (singular vocative)
krēsli (plural vocative)

Some researchers consider this word borrowed from Slavic, where a possible Proto-Slavic *krěslo could be related to *krosno (“loom, weaving frame”), the rectangular form of which is reminiscent of chairs. Other researchers, pointing out that this would not explain the number of cognate formations in Baltic (e.g., dialectal Latvian kreslis (“removable sleigh backrest”), kreša (“little bench”), dialectal Lithuanian krãsė, kresė̃ (“chair”), krẽstas (“bench”)), suggest that the Slavic cognates are actually borrowings from Baltic. The latter hypothesis is supported by their distribution: there are no reflexes in Southern Slavic languages (the Bulgarian cognate is a later borrowing). If so, krēsls would come (via Proto-Baltic *krēs- with an extra l) from the same stem as the verb krest (“to shake”), older meaning “to braid, to weave” (for a link between the notions of “shaking” and “weaving,” see Old Norse hrista (“to shake”), Middle Low German risten (“to braid, to weave”)): Proto-Indo-European *kert-, *kret-, from *(s)ker- (“to turn, to bend”). The original meaning would then have been “woven object” (folk songs suggest that earlier chairs were indeed made by weaving wickers). Cognates include Lithuanian krė́slas (“chair; chair with backrest; armchair”), Old Prussian creslan (“chair with backrest”), Russian кре́сло (kréslo, “armchair”), Bulgarian кресло́ (kresló, “armchair”), Czech křeslo (“armchair”), Polish krzesło (“armchair”).

pīts krēsls

meldru krēsls

grozāmais krēsls

saliekamais krēsls

atpūtas krēsls

atzveltnes krēsls

chair with a large backrest (lit. backrest chair)

goda krēsls

honor chair (where the honor guest will sit)

stomatoloģiskais krēsls

elektriskais krēsls

electric chair (for executing criminals)

bikts krēsls

Svētais Krēsls

Holy See (lit. Holy Chair, which the Pope sits on)

māte atkrita krēslā un aizsedza vaigu ar priekšautu

mother fell into the chair and hid her face in (her) apron

Andrejs un Milda lēni atlaidās mīkstajos krēslos, lai gan sēdēt nemaz negribējās

Andrejs and Milda slowly sat down on the soft (arm)chairs, though they did not feel at all like sitting

chair (piece of furniture for sitting, consisting of a backrest and a single seat mounted on several, usually four, feet)

jumta krēsls

(construction) a structure of beams that supports the rafters and the roof of a house; roof truss


tabulu

inflection of tabula:
accusative/instrumental singular


galvu

inflection of galva:
accusative/instrumental singular


janvāri

inflection of janvāris:
nominative/vocative plural


vergu

inflection of vergs (“slave”):
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of vergs (“slave”):
genitive plural


jūliju

inflection of jūlijs:
accusative/instrumental singular


maiju

inflection of maijs:
accusative/instrumental singular


jūniju

inflection of jūnijs:
accusative/instrumental singular


sukas

inflection of suka:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


pārtiku

inflection of pārtika:
accusative/instrumental singular


ēdienu

inflection of ēdiens:
accusative/instrumental singular


martu

inflection of marts:
accusative singular

inflection of marts:
instrumental/genitive plural


galvas

inflection of galva (“head”):
genitive singular

inflection of galva (“head”):
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


pārtikas

inflection of pārtika:
genitive singular

inflection of pārtika:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


bitu

inflection of bits:
accusative/instrumental singular


septembriem

dative/instrumental plural of septembris


nominatīvu

accusative/instrumental singular of nominatīvs


datīvu

accusative/instrumental singular of datīvs


akuzatīvu

accusative/instrumental singular of akuzatīvs


burtu

inflection of burts:
accusative/instrumental singular


ģenitīvu

accusative/instrumental singular of ģenitīvs


lokatīvu

accusative/instrumental singular of lokatīvs


instrumentāli

vocative/accusative/instrumental singular of instrumentālis


āpsi

vocative/accusative/instrumental singular of āpsis


šakāli

vocative/accusative/instrumental singular of šakālis


žurkas

inflection of žurka:
genitive/accusative singular

inflection of žurka:
nominative/vocative plural


akmeni

vocative/accusative/instrumental singular of akmens


vienskaitli

vocative/accusative/instrumental singular of vienskaitlis


daudzskaitli

vocative/accusative/instrumental singular of daudzskaitlis


aitas

inflection of aita:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


zodu

accusative/instrumental/genitive singular of zods


ārā

Locative case of the noun ārs (“outside, exterior”)


briedi

vocative/accusative/instrumental singular of briedis


vokatīvu

accusative/instrumental singular of vokatīvs


žurku

inflection of žurka:
accusative/instrumental singular


žurku

(dialectal) accusative singular of žurks

(dialectal) instrumental singular of žurks


ūdru

inflection of ūdrs:
accusative/instrumental singular


ūdriem

(dialectal) instrumental plural of ūdris


krēsla

krēsla (nominative singular)
krēslas (nominative plural)
krēslu (accusative singular)
krēslas (accusative plural)
krēslas (genitive singular)
krēslu (genitive plural)
krēslai (dative singular)
krēslām (dative plural)
krēslu (instrumental singular)
krēslām (instrumental plural)
krēslā (locative singular)
krēslās (locative plural)
krēsla (singular vocative)
krēslas (plural vocative)

Derived from krēst (“to shake”), an archaic causative form of krist (“to fall”), with an extra l. Note dialectal krēsla meaning “a thin layer (of snow, dew, etc.) (fallen during the preceding night),” as well as expressions relating darkness to falling: uzkrīt tumsa “darkness is falling,” vakars uzkrita spējš “the night fell suddenly, quickly.” So krēsla was originally the time of the falling (= beginning) of darkness, of night, hence incomplete darkness or twilight.

vakara krēsla

iestājas krēsla

krēslas dzīvnieks

nu jau mežā bieza krēsla, tēvs skubina Dūkani, lai neuzkrīt ceļā pilnīga tumsa

now in the forest (there was) thick (= dark) twilight, (and) father urged Dūkanis (to go faster) so that full darkness wouldn't fall (while they were still) on (their) way

krēsla sabiezēja, bet ugunis uz ielas vēl nedega

the twilight thickened (= became darker), but the lamps on the streets were still off

austošā rīta pelēcīgajā krēslā jau iezīmējās atsevišķu priekšmetu apveidi

in the gray dawning twilight the contours of some objects were already visible

twilight, dusk (diffuse sunlight shortly before sunrise or (especially) shortly after sunset)

doties ar krēslu mājās

jau krēslā atgriežas tēvs, noguris un sarūgtināts par nenoķeramo foreli

at dusk father returned, tired and disappointed because of that trout (that was) impossible to capture

twilight, dusk (the time of day when there is such diffuse sunlight)

istabā tikai divi mazi četrrūšu lodziņi; te vienmēr krēsla, tā ka bērni vieni baidās nākt

in the rooom (there) were only two small four-pane windows; there is always little light there, so that the children are afraid to come (in) alone

ar tumsu parādījās mēness un noklāja pār purvu blāvu krēslu

with the darkness the moon appeared and covered the swamp with a pale weak light


itālis

lv-noun

itālis m (2nd declension, feminine form: itāliete)

itāliete (feminine)
itālis (nominative singular)
itāļi (nominative plural)
itāli (accusative singular)
itāļus (accusative plural)
itāļa (genitive singular)
itāļu (genitive plural)
itālim (dative singular)
itāļiem (dative plural)
itāli (instrumental singular)
itāļiem (instrumental plural)
itālī (locative singular)
itāļos (locative plural)
itāli (singular vocative)
itāļi (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Latin italus, itself possibly a borrowing from Oscan 𐌅𐌝𐌕𐌄𐌋𐌉𐌞 (víteliú), a name for the southwestern tip of the boot of Italy (today's Calabria), possibly a cognate of Latin vitulus (“calf”), meaning perhaps “land of cattle.” Other theories include the name of an ancient or legendary leader Italus, or also an old borrowing from Illyrian.

(usually in the plural) itāļi, the Italic peoples

Italic; a member of the ancient Italic peoples of primitive Italy

itāļu valoda

(genitive plural) Italian; pertaining to Italy and its people


vokatīvs

vokatīvs (nominative singular)
vokatīvu (accusative singular)
vokatīva (genitive singular)
vokatīvam (dative singular)
vokatīvu (instrumental singular)
vokatīvā (locative singular)
vokatīv (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin vocātīvus.


skapis

skapis (nominative singular)
skapji (nominative plural)
skapi (accusative singular)
skapjus (accusative plural)
skapja (genitive singular)
skapju (genitive plural)
skapim (dative singular)
skapjiem (dative plural)
skapi (instrumental singular)
skapjiem (instrumental plural)
skapī (locative singular)
skapjos (locative plural)
skapi (singular vocative)
skapji (plural vocative)

From Middle Low German schap, from Old Saxon skap, from Proto-West Germanic *skap (“shape”), from Proto-Germanic *skapą.


dienestu

inflection of dienests:
accusative/instrumental singular


datīvs

datīvs (nominative singular)
datīvu (accusative singular)
datīva (genitive singular)
datīvam (dative singular)
datīvu (instrumental singular)
datīvā (locative singular)
datīv (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin datīvus.


lokatīvs

lokatīvs (nominative singular)
lokatīvu (accusative singular)
lokatīva (genitive singular)
lokatīvam (dative singular)
lokatīvu (instrumental singular)
lokatīvā (locative singular)
lokatīv (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin locātīvus.


aprikozes

inflection of aprikoze:
genitive singular

inflection of aprikoze:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


aprikozi

accusative/instrumental singular of aprikoze


akuzatīvs

akuzatīvs (nominative singular)
akuzatīvu (accusative singular)
akuzatīva (genitive singular)
akuzatīvam (dative singular)
akuzatīvu (instrumental singular)
akuzatīvā (locative singular)
akuzatīv (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin accūsātīvus.

akuzatīvs atbild uz jautājumu “ko?”

the accusative answers the question 'whom?'

grammatical case
grammatical case#English

(grammar) accusative case (the grammatical case that marks the direct object)


ģenitīvs

ģenitīvs (nominative singular)
ģenitīvu (accusative singular)
ģenitīva (genitive singular)
ģenitīvam (dative singular)
ģenitīvu (instrumental singular)
ģenitīvā (locative singular)
ģenitīv (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin genitīvus.


ūdri

(dialectal) accusative singular of ūdris

(dialectal) instrumental singular of ūdris


nominatīvs

nominatīvs (nominative singular)
nominatīvu (accusative singular)
nominatīva (genitive singular)
nominatīvam (dative singular)
nominatīvu (instrumental singular)
nominatīvā (locative singular)
nominatīv (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately from Latin nōminātīvus.


mākoni

vocative/accusative/instrumental singular of mākonis


instrumentālis

instrumentālis (nominative singular)
instrumentāli (accusative singular)
instrumentāļa (genitive singular)
instrumentālim (dative singular)
instrumentāli (instrumental singular)
instrumentālī (locative singular)
instrumentāli (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin instrumentālis.


apsi

accusative/instrumental singular of apse


vienskaitlis

vienskaitlis (nominative singular)
vienskaitli (accusative singular)
vienskaitļa (genitive singular)
vienskaitlim (dative singular)
vienskaitli (instrumental singular)
vienskaitlī (locative singular)
vienskaitli (singular vocative)

From vien + skaitlis, a calque of German Einzahl.

Lietvārdi var būt locīti gan vienskaitlī, gan daudzskaitlī.

Nouns can be inflected both in the singular and in the plural.


gulbi

vocative/accusative/instrumental singular of gulbis (“swan”)


daudzskaitlis

daudzskaitlis (nominative singular)
daudzskaitli (accusative singular)
daudzskaitļa (genitive singular)
daudzskaitlim (dative singular)
daudzskaitli (instrumental singular)
daudzskaitlī (locative singular)
daudzskaitli (singular vocative)

From daudz + skaitlis, a calque of German Mehrzahl.


japāni

vocative/accusative/instrumental singular of japānis


dienests

dienests (nominative singular)
dienesti (nominative plural)
dienestu (accusative singular)
dienestus (accusative plural)
dienesta (genitive singular)
dienestu (genitive plural)
dienestam (dative singular)
dienestiem (dative plural)
dienestu (instrumental singular)
dienestiem (instrumental plural)
dienestā (locative singular)
dienestos (locative plural)
dienest (singular vocative)
dienesti (plural vocative)


cukuru

inflection of cukurs:
accusative/instrumental singular


sīpolu

inflection of sīpols:
accusative/instrumental singular


japānis

japānis m (2nd declension, feminine form: japāniete)

japāniete (feminine)
japānis (nominative singular)
japāņi (nominative plural)
japāni (accusative singular)
japāņus (accusative plural)
japāņa (genitive singular)
japāņu (genitive plural)
japānim (dative singular)
japāņiem (dative plural)
japāni (instrumental singular)
japāņiem (instrumental plural)
japānī (locative singular)
japāņos (locative plural)
japāni (singular vocative)
japāņi (plural vocative)

From the same source as Japāna (“Japan”), made into a masculine 2nd-declension noun.

pasauli pārsteidz japānis no ASV talantu šova

a Japanese man surprises the world in a US talent show

papīru sāka ražot korejieši, japāņi, indieši un citas Āzijas tautas

the Koreans, Japanese, Indians and other Asian people began to produce paper

a Japanese man, a man born in Japan or of Japanese descent

japāņu valoda

japāņu māksla

japāņu porcelāns

(genitive plural) Japanese; pertaining to Japan and its people


ārs

ārs (nominative singular)
āru (accusative singular)
āra (genitive singular)
āram (dative singular)
āru (instrumental singular)
ārā (locative singular)
ār (singular vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *ar-, *arə- (“to plow”) (compare Latvian art), whence also the lexicalized variant āre (“open space; cultivated land”) and the verb art (“to plough”).
The adverb ārā (“outside”) is the corresponding locative case form; in 16th- and 17th-century sources an old illative form āran is also used. The original meaning of ārs was thus “ploughed, tilled field.” Cognates include Lithuanian óras (“air; outside; sky; weather”), Hittite [Term?] (/arẖa/, “region, coast; away, outside”), [Term?] (/arẖi-/, “in a plain, in a glade, outside”), Lydian 𐤠𐤠𐤭𐤠 (aara, “fence, fenced area, rural property”), Albanian arë (“field”).

cog

skraidīt pa āru

āra gaiss slimniecei varēja nākt tikai par labu

outside air could only be a good thing for the hospital

no āra ienāceji vispirms iekļuva virtuvē, tad mazajā istabiņā ar diviem lodziņiem

the newcomers from outside first went into the kitchen, then into a little room with two little windows

exterior, outside (the space in the outside of a building, house, etc.)

āra logs

āra durvis

(chiefly genitive, used adjectivally) external, outside, outer

dīvānam vidū bija bedre un dažas atsperes izspiedušās uz āru

in the middle of the coach there was a hole and several springs were bulging out

out, outside (of something, some object)

āros māsa uzaugusi, / aizved purva maliņā

(my) sister grew up in the open, / taken away to the edge of the swamp

lūk, zeme zied; viens kūpošs ziedu ārs

look! the earth is blooming; one hazy field of flowers!

(poetic) open space, open, outdoors; cultivated land, fields


ārs

ārs (nominative singular)
āri (nominative plural)
āru (accusative singular)
ārus (accusative plural)
āra (genitive singular)
āru (genitive plural)
āram (dative singular)
āriem (dative plural)
āru (instrumental singular)
āriem (instrumental plural)
ārā (locative singular)
āros (locative plural)
ār (singular vocative)
āri (plural vocative)

Via some other European language, ultimately from French are, formed on the basis of Latin ārea (“open space”) as a (rarely used) SI unit.

netālu no Hjerkinnas (Norvēģijā) es dzelzceļa malā redzēju līdumu, 10 vai 15 āru platībā

not far from Hjerkinna (in Norway) I saw a clearing at the side of a railway, in area about 10 or 15 ares

are (SI unit of area, equivalent to 100 square meters)


vāveri

accusative/instrumental singular of vāvere


aprikoze

aprikoze (nominative singular)
aprikozes (nominative plural)
aprikozi (accusative singular)
aprikozes (accusative plural)
aprikozes (genitive singular)
aprikožu (genitive plural)
aprikozei (dative singular)
aprikozēm (dative plural)
aprikozi (instrumental singular)
aprikozēm (instrumental plural)
aprikozē (locative singular)
aprikozēs (locative plural)
aprikoze (singular vocative)
aprikozes (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Arabic الْبَرْقُوق (al-barqūq, “plums”), itself from Byzantine Greek βερικοκκῐ́ᾱ (berikokkíā, “apricot tree”), from Ancient Greek πραικὄκῐον (praikókion), from Late Latin (persica) praecocia (literally “over-ripe (peaches)”), (mālum) praecoquum (literally “over-ripe (apple)”).

uder

stādīt, kultivēt aprikozes

dārznieks nolēma radīt jaunas augļu koku un ogulāju šķirnes, bet dienvidu august - aprikozes, vīnogas, saldos ķiršus - sākt audzēt arī ziemeļos

the gardener decided to create new fruit and berry trees, but the southern plants - apricots, grapes, sweet cherries - are now beginning to grow also in the north

Prunus armeniaca
Prunus armeniaca#Translingual

apricot (tree of the family Rosaceae, especially Prunus armeniaca, with orange fruits)

līdzās aprikozēmizmēģinājumu dārzā nogatavojas arī citi dienvidu augļi

along with apricots also other southern fruits are being planted in the experimental garden

citi kalcija avoti uzturā ir žāvēti augļi, sevišķi vīģes, aprikozes...

other sources of calcium in (our) diet are dried fruits, especially figs, apricots...

Armēnijas saimniecības ik gadus izaudzē tūkstošiem tonnu aprikožu, persiku, bumbieru un citu augļu

Armenian farms produce every year thousands of tonnes of apricots, peaches, pears and other fruits


veikalu

inflection of veikals:
accusative/instrumental singular


citronu

inflection of citrons:
accusative/instrumental singular


biseksualitāti

accusative/instrumental singular of biseksualitāte


seksualitāti

accusative/instrumental singular of seksualitāte


aseksualitāti

accusative/instrumental singular of aseksualitāte


homoseksualitāti

accusative/instrumental singular of homoseksualitāte


heteroseksualitāti

accusative/instrumental singular of heteroseksualitāte


rīsu

inflection of rīss:
accusative/instrumental singular


salātu

inflection of salāts:
accusative/instrumental singular


piparu

inflection of pipars:
accusative/instrumental singular


tūpli

vocative/accusative/instrumental singular of tūplis


nakti

accusative/instrumental singular of nakts


asins

nominative singular of asinis (rarely used)

genitive singular of asinis (rarely used)


geju

inflection of gejs:
accusative/instrumental singular


stādu

inflection of stāds:
accusative/instrumental singular


dārzāju

inflection of dārzājs:
accusative/instrumental singular


šokolādes

inflection of šokolāde:
genitive singular

inflection of šokolāde:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


šokolādi

accusative/instrumental singular of šokolāde


astrofiziku

accusative/instrumental singular of astrofizika


atveri

inflection of atvere:
accusative singular

inflection of atvere:
instrumental plural


akas

inflection of aka:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


bismutu

accusative/instrumental singular of bismuts


atveres

inflection of atvere:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


astatu

accusative/instrumental singular of astats


vēlēšanos

inflection of vēlēšanās:
accusative singular

inflection of vēlēšanās:
genitive plural


augšāmcelšanos

inflection of augšāmcelšanās:
accusative singular

inflection of augšāmcelšanās:
genitive plural


vēlēšana

nominative singular of vēlēšanas (rarely used)


bromu

accusative/instrumental singular of broms


seksualitāte

seksualitāte (nominative singular)
seksualitāti (accusative singular)
seksualitātes (genitive singular)
seksualitātei (dative singular)
seksualitāti (instrumental singular)
seksualitātē (locative singular)
seksualitāte (singular vocative)

From seksuāls (“sexual”) + -itāte (with seksuāls from sekss (“sex”) + -āls). Probably not formed as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from another European language.


aunu

inflection of auns:
accusative/instrumental singular


klausītājos

inflection of klausītājies:
accusative singular/plural

inflection of klausītājies:
genitive plural

inflection of klausītājās:
accusative singular

inflection of klausītājās:
genitive plural


sīpols

sīpols (nominative singular)
sīpoli (nominative plural)
sīpolu (accusative singular)
sīpolus (accusative plural)
sīpola (genitive singular)
sīpolu (genitive plural)
sīpolam (dative singular)
sīpoliem (dative plural)
sīpolu (instrumental singular)
sīpoliem (instrumental plural)
sīpolā (locative singular)
sīpolos (locative plural)
sīpol (singular vocative)
sīpoli (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle Dutch sipol (cf. Middle Low German sipolle, German Zwiebel), itself a borrowing from Italian cipollo, from Latin cīpulla, cepulla, the diminutive form of cēpa, of uncertain origin (perhaps a borrowing from an unattested Ancient Greek word.)

dārzā sīpols

ziemas sīpols

vasaras sīpols

krūmāju sīpols

jūras sīpols

sīpolu ziedi

sīpoli un ķiploki ir plaši pazīstami garšaugi, tos lieto ārstniecībā kopš seniem laikiem

onion and garlic are well-known herbs, they have been used in medicine sindnce ancient times

onion (herbaceous plant, sp. Allium cepa, with succulent tubular or flat leaves and underground edible bulbs)

sīpolu mias, sīpolmizas

sīpolu virtene

pēc garšas īpašībām sīpoli iedalāmi saldajos, pussīvajos un sīvajos sīpolos

by the quality of their taste, onions can be divided into sweet, half-pungent and pungent onions

blakus pavardam kā lielas dzintara krelles karājās sīpolu virtenes

next to the fireplace, like big amber beads, (there) hung strings of onions

onion (the bulb of this plant, used in cooking)

gladiolu, tulpju sīpols

ķiplokam ir salikts sīpols, kas sastāv no vairākiem patstāvīgiem sīpoliem, un katra nolauztā ķiploka daiva izveido jaunu augu

garlic has a compound bulb which consists of several independent bulbs, and every clove of garlic that breaks off originates a new plant

(botany) bulb (a modification of the stem and shriveled leaves of certain plants, among which onions, which accumulates nutrients)

mati nosirmo kad mata sīpolā attiecīgs iecirknis pārstāj ražot pigmentu

hairs become gray when the respective region of the hair follicle stops producing pigment

ir dažādas metodes lieko matu likvidēšanai, taču visām ir būtisks trūkums: tās neiznīcina mata sīpolu

there are various methods to eliminate excess hair, but they all have an essential flaw: they do not destroy the hair follicle

(anatomy) follicle (part of the hair situated under the skin)


sēklu

inflection of sēkla:
accusative/instrumental singular


sēklas

inflection of sēkla:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


klausītājies

lv-noun

klausītājies m (-šanās declension, feminine form: klausītājās)

klausītājās (feminine)
klausītājies (nominative singular)
klausītājies (nominative plural)
klausītājos (accusative singular)
klausītājos (accusative plural)
klausītājās (genitive singular)
klausītājos (genitive plural)

From klausīties (“to listen”) + -ājs (“-er”) (with the reflexive element -ies from the verb moved to the end of the word, after the agent suffix -ājs).

(rare, perhaps archaic) alternative form of klausītājs


piekūnu

inflection of piekūns:
accusative/instrumental singular


gejs

gejs (nominative singular)
geji (nominative plural)
geju (accusative singular)
gejus (accusative plural)
geja (genitive singular)
geju (genitive plural)
gejam (dative singular)
gejiem (dative plural)
geju (instrumental singular)
gejiem (instrumental plural)
gejā (locative singular)
gejos (locative plural)
gej (singular vocative)
geji (plural vocative)


eļļas

inflection of eļļa:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


vēlēšanas

vēlēšana (nominative singular)
vēlēšanas (nominative plural)
vēlēšanu (accusative singular)
vēlēšanas (accusative plural)
vēlēšanas (genitive singular)
vēlēšanu (genitive plural)
vēlēšanai (dative singular)
vēlēšanām (dative plural)
vēlēšanu (instrumental singular)
vēlēšanām (instrumental plural)
vēlēšanā (locative singular)
vēlēšanās (locative plural)
vēlēšana (singular vocative)
vēlēšanas (plural vocative)

From vēlēt (“to vote”) + -šana, plural form.


apelsīnu sulu

inflection of apelsīnu sula:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of apelsīnu sula:
genitive plural


veikals

veikals (nominative singular)
veikali (nominative plural)
veikalu (accusative singular)
veikalus (accusative plural)
veikala (genitive singular)
veikalu (genitive plural)
veikalam (dative singular)
veikaliem (dative plural)
veikalu (instrumental singular)
veikaliem (instrumental plural)
veikalā (locative singular)
veikalos (locative plural)
veikal (singular vocative)
veikali (plural vocative)

Coined by Juris Alunāns in the 1850s, on the basis of Lithuanian veĩkalas (“work, activity”) (ultimately from the same source as the Latvian verb veikt “to carry out, to accomplish”, q.v.), with the meaning “activity, undertaking, business”. The word existed independently at that time (recorded in 1858), borrowed from Lithuanian [Term?] in Southern Latgale dialects. After being introduced into the written language, it soon changed its meaning ("veikals, in German Unternehmen, in Russian подря́д (podrjád), work which one carries out with the help of hired workmen"; 1863). A. Kronvalds used veikals in the sense of "business". The current meaning ("shop") appeared at the end of the 19th century and became quickly dominant.

maizes veikals

grāmatu veikals

dāvanu veikals

pārtikas veikals

pašapkalpošanās veikals

veikala skatlogs

veikala īpašnieks

veikala vadītājs

iepirkties veikalā

es aizgāju uz veikalu, kas atradās blakus kantorim

I went to the shop that was next to the office

shop, store (a commercial enterprise; its specific location, where goods are sold)

izdevīgs veikals

taisīt labu veikalu

arī šādu veikalu Nagainis uzskatīja par izdevīgu

also such a deal Nagainis considered profitable

blakus zemkopībai Slaucējs nodevās arī, lai gan reti, ar naudas veikaliem un nekaunējās ņemt desmit, divpadsmit un pat vairāk rubļu no simta

besides farming, Slaucējs also, albeit rarely, indulged in financial activities (= lending money), and was not ashamed of taking ten, twelve or even more rubles to every hundred

commercial or financial activity, transaction


tirgus

tirgus (nominative singular)
tirgi (nominative plural)
tirgu (accusative singular)
tirgus (accusative plural)
tirgus (genitive singular)
tirgu (genitive plural)
tirgum (dative singular)
tirgiem (dative plural)
tirgu (instrumental singular)
tirgiem (instrumental plural)
tirgū (locative singular)
tirgos (locative plural)
tirgus (singular vocative)
tirgi (plural vocative)

Some consider this word borrowed from Old East Slavic търгъ (tŭrgŭ, “market, commerce”), which agrees with the u in Lithuanian (and Latvian dialectal) tur̃gus, but not with the i in standard tirgus. Others propose that it is the natural development of Proto-Baltic *terg-, *tirg-, from Proto-Indo-European *ter-, *tor-, *tr̥- (“to make noise, to talk a lot”) (whence Latvian tērzēt, tirzāt (“to chat, to chatter”), q.v.) with an extra -g (whence also Latvian tērgot, tērgāt (“to chat, to chatter”), where the long ē is secondary; q.v.). The semantic evolution would be, in this case: “much (loud) talking” > “noise, bustle” (still currently attested; see below) > “(place where there is) much noise, bustle” > “place where people meet, village square, market.” In the 18th and 19th centuries, the meaning “price” is also attested. Cognates include Lithuanian tur̃gus, Proto-Slavic *tъrgъ (Old Church Slavonic тръгъ (trŭgŭ, “people gathering, market, marketplace”), Old East Slavic търгъ (tŭrgŭ), торгъ (torgŭ, “market, commerce”), Russian, Ukrainian торг (torg, “commerce; (arch.) market; (pl.) auction”), Bulgarian търг (tǎrg, “auction; commerce”), Czech trh (“market”), Polish targ (“market”)), Old Norse, Icelandic, Swedish torg (“market, marketplace”), Danish torv (“market, marketplace”), Albanian treg (“market”).

cog

tirgus laukums

tirgus burzma

rudens tirgus

zivju tirgus

puķu tirgus

tirgus cena

tirgus soma

iepirkties tirgū

vest uz tirgu ābolus

gada tirgus, gadatirgus

nedeļas tirgus

tirgus sieva

market woman (i.e., who trades in a market)

krāmu tirgus

flea market (where common, used objects are sold)

melnais tirgus

market, marketplace (a square, a building, a space, where agricultural and/or industrial goods are sold and bought; the kind of buying and selling that takes place in such a place)

netaisiet tirgu!

don't make a market! (= confusion, noise)

drīz vien bērni sāka kliegt cits caur citu: sacēlas īsts tirgus

soon the children started shouting at each other: a real market (= confusion, uproar) arose

iekšējais, vietējais, ārējais tirgus

starptautiskais tirgus

naftas tirgus

brīvais tirgus

brīvā tirgus ekonomika

tirgus attiecības

pasaules tirgus

the world market (= international trade system)

market (system of trading; trade processes, relations)


apelsīnu sulām

dative/instrumental plural of apelsīnu sula


dārzājs

dārzājs (nominative singular)
dārzāji (nominative plural)
dārzāju (accusative singular)
dārzājus (accusative plural)
dārzāja (genitive singular)
dārzāju (genitive plural)
dārzājam (dative singular)
dārzājiem (dative plural)
dārzāju (instrumental singular)
dārzājiem (instrumental plural)
dārzājā (locative singular)
dārzājos (locative plural)
dārzāj (singular vocative)
dārzāji (plural vocative)

Coined in the 1860s by Juris Alunāns, from dārzs (“garden”) + -ājs.

audzēt dārzājus

labs dzelzs avots ir lapu dārzāji

leafy vegetables are a good source of iron

no dārzājiem izlieto bumbuļus (kartupeļi, topinambūri), saknes (burkāni, bietes, kāļi), stublājus un ziedus (rabarberi, sparģeli, puķu kāposti), lapas (kāposti, spināti, salāti, puravi), augļus (gurķi, ķirbji, melones, tomāti, baklažāni)

from vegetables one uses tubers (potatoes, artichokes), roots (carrots, beets, swedes), stems and lowers (rhubarb, asparagus, cauliflower), leaves (cabbage, spinach, lettuce, leeks), (and) fruits (cucumber, squash, mellon, tomato, eggplant)

(chiefly in the plural) vegetable (herbaceous plants with juicy edible parts; cucumber, tomato, lettuce, cabbage, potato, etc.)

izstādes apmeklētāji var aplūkot arī bagāto dārzāju ražu: milzu kāpostgalvas, burkānus, ķirbjus

the exhibition visitors can look at a rich harvest of vegetables: giant cabbages, carrots, pumpkins

dārzāji pēc ievākšanas vai iegādes pareizi jāuzglabā; tie nedrīkst savīst

vegetables after being harvested or bought must be well preserved; they should not (be allowed to) rot

(chiefly in the plural) vegetable (the juicy edible parts of those plants)


eļļu

inflection of eļļa:
accusative/instrumental singular


rīss

rīss (nominative singular)
rīsi (nominative plural)
rīsu (accusative singular)
rīsus (accusative plural)
rīsa (genitive singular)
rīsu (genitive plural)
rīsam (dative singular)
rīsiem (dative plural)
rīsu (instrumental singular)
rīsiem (instrumental plural)
rīsā (locative singular)
rīsos (locative plural)
rīs (singular vocative)
rīsi (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Ancient Greek ὄρυζα (óruza), ὄρυζον (óruzon), itself a borrowing from Asian languages, probably ultimately from Dravidian, via Sanskrit व्रीहि (vrīhí). The specifics are still debated.

rīsa lauks

iesēt rīsus

novākt rīsus

rīss ir viens no svarīgākajiem kultūraugiem pasaulē

rice is one of the most important crops in the world

no graudaugiem visā pasaulē visvairāk audzē rīsu, kviešus un kukurūzu

of the grain crops, the most frequently grown in the whole world are rice, wheat, and corn

rice (crop of the family Gramineae, esp. Oryza sativa)

pulētie rīsi

rīsu milti

rīsu zupa, biezputra, pudiņš

piena zupa ar rīsiem

daudzās valstīs, piemēram, Ķīnā, Indijā, Japānā, Pakistānā, Indonēzijā, rīsi ir glavenais uzturlīdzeklis

in many countries, for instance, China, India, Japan, Pakistan, Indonesia, rice is the staple food

rice (the edible grains, seeds of this plant, eaten as food)


apelsīnu sulas

inflection of apelsīnu sula:
genitive singular

inflection of apelsīnu sula:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


vāveres

inflection of vāvere:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


pludmali

accusative/instrumental singular of pludmale


stāds

stāds (nominative singular)
stādi (nominative plural)
stādu (accusative singular)
stādus (accusative plural)
stāda (genitive singular)
stādu (genitive plural)
stādam (dative singular)
stādiem (dative plural)
stādu (instrumental singular)
stādiem (instrumental plural)
stādā (locative singular)
stādos (locative plural)
stād (singular vocative)
stādi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *stādas, from Proto-Indo-European *stā-, *steh₂- (“to stand, to place”) (whence also stāt, stāvēt, q.v.) with an extra suffix *-dʰo. The original meaning was probably “that which stands”, from which “that which was planted (and is standing)”. Cognates include Lithuanian stõdai (“untrimmed vegetable seedlings”), stõdas (“herd of animals”) (< “stand, stall”), Russian, Ukrainian ста́до (stádo, “herd of animals”), Czech stádo (“herd of animals”), Polish stado (“herd of animals”), Old Norse stód (“stall; herd of horses”), Old English stōd (“enclosure for horses”), Middle Low German stōt, stōd (“enclosure for horses”), Ancient Greek σταδμός (stadmós, “state; stand, stall; weight”), σταδιός (stadiós, “vertical, standing, immobile”).

tomātu stāds

kāpostu stāds

atnest no meža egļu stādu

to bring a spruce seedling from the forest

puķu stādus pa lielākai daļai izaudzē lecektīs agrā pavasarī un pēc tam izstāda puķu dobēs

flowering plants for the most part are grown in frames in early spring and then planted into flower beds

zemeņu jau te nav nevienam... es pati atvedu stādus; kad gadījās laba raža, pa druskai pārdevām citiem

there aren't any strawberries here anymore... I myself have brought (strawberry) plants, bushes; when there is a good harvest, we will sell them to other people in small amounts

kokaudzētava “Kreiči” apgādā adminsitratīvā rajona saimniecības ar augļu koku stādiem

the tree nursery “Kreiči” provides the farms of this administrative district with fruit tree seedlings

plant, plantlet, seedling (young, usually not large plant, which was grown from planted seeds, cuttings, etc. and, if need be, transferred to a permanent place)


acis

nominative/vocative/accusative plural of acs


pludmales

inflection of pludmale:
genitive singular

inflection of pludmale:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


salāts

salāts (nominative singular)
salāti (nominative plural)
salātu (accusative singular)
salātus (accusative plural)
salāta (genitive singular)
salātu (genitive plural)
salātam (dative singular)
salātiem (dative plural)
salātu (instrumental singular)
salātiem (instrumental plural)
salātā (locative singular)
salātos (locative plural)
salāt (singular vocative)
salāti (plural vocative)

Via other European languages (cf. French salade, German Salat, Russian сала́т (salát)), ultimately a borrowing from Vulgar Latin salāta, from saliō (“to salt”), from sal (“salt”), apparently initially a reference to the sauce (e.g., “salted vegetables”).

dārza salāts

lapu salāts

salāti kā kultūra Eiropā parādījās 16. gadsimta vidū, bet senajiem grieķiem, romiešiem un ēģiptiešiem tie jau bija zināmi

lettuce as culture (= planted) appeared in Europe in the middle o the 16th century, but it was already known to (ancient) Greeks, Romans and Egyptions before that

Lactuca sativa
Lactuca sativa#Translingual

lettuce (herbaceous plant of the family Asteraceae, esp. Lactuca sativa, cultivated for its edible leaves)

sagriezt salātus

sestdien cepta karaša, gabals saziedējušas rupjmaizes un ar krējumu un rūgušpienu sataisīti salāti

on Satudary, (there is) baked flatbread, a piece of hardened rye bread and lettuce prepared with cream and curd milk

(usually plural) lettuce (the edible leaves of this plant)

dārzeņu, biešu, burkānu salāti

augļu salāti

sēņu salāti

gaļas salāti

salātu trauks

izmērcētas pupiņas novāra, gurķus sarīvē skaidās, tomātus sagriež šķēlītēs, lokus sīki sasmalcina... visas salātu sastāvdaļas samaisa...

one cooks the seasoned beans, one cuts the cucumbers into slivers, the tomatoes into slices, the chive into small pieces... all (these) salad ingredients are (then) mixed...

aukstajā galdā dažādus salātus pasniedz kā papildinājumu gaļas un zivju ēdieniem

in a cold table (= table with cold foods), some kinds of salads are served as complement to meat and fish dishes

(usually plural) salad (food consisting of fresh or cooked vegetables, perhaps with meat or fish, all cut together and served with sauce, oil, or vinegar)


bārenes

inflection of bārene:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


dīķi

inflection of dīķis:
nominative/vocative plural


sātu

accusative/instrumental singular of sāts


bāreni

vocative/accusative/instrumental singular of bārenis


piekūns

piekūns (nominative singular)
piekūni (nominative plural)
piekūnu (accusative singular)
piekūnus (accusative plural)
piekūna (genitive singular)
piekūnu (genitive plural)
piekūnam (dative singular)
piekūniem (dative plural)
piekūnu (instrumental singular)
piekūniem (instrumental plural)
piekūnā (locative singular)
piekūnos (locative plural)
piekūn (singular vocative)
piekūni (plural vocative)


pipars

pipars (nominative singular)
pipari (nominative plural)
piparu (accusative singular)
piparus (accusative plural)
pipara (genitive singular)
piparu (genitive plural)
piparam (dative singular)
pipariem (dative plural)
piparu (instrumental singular)
pipariem (instrumental plural)
piparā (locative singular)
piparos (locative plural)
pipar (singular vocative)
pipari (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old Norse pipari, or maybe from Old Swedish pipar (whence also Finnish pippuri, dialectal pipari, Estonian pipar), itself a borrowing from Latin piper, also a borrowing from Ancient Greek πέπερι (péperi), ultimately from Sanskrit पिप्पलि (pippali, “long pepper”) (via Iranian), apparently also borrowed from some non-Indo-European language. In Latvian, pipari is an old borrowing, already found in 15th- and 16th-century family and house names. In 17th- and 18th-century dictionaries, German-influenced variants (pipere, piperis; cf. Low German peper) were found; the form pipari appeared in the 18th century, and became dominant in the 19th century.

der

melnais pipars ir daudzgadīgs kāpelētājaugs ar tievu, lokanu stumbru, kura garums var sasniegt pat 10-12 metrus

the black pepper is a perennial creeper (plant) with a thin, flexible stem, the length of which can reach even 10-12 meters

pepper (plants of the families Piperaceae (genus Piper and others) and Solanaceae (genus Capsicum), with spicy fruits used as condiments)


kārpas

inflection of kārpa:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


kārpu

inflection of kārpa:
accusative/instrumental singular


valūtas

inflection of valūta:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


valūtu

inflection of valūta:
accusative/instrumental singular


zibeni

inflection of zibens:
vocative/accusative singular

inflection of zibens:
instrumental plural


cirsli

vocative/accusative/instrumental singular of cirslis


klausītājās

lv-noun

klausītājās f (-šanās declension, masculine form: klausītājies)

klausītājies (masculine)
klausītājās (nominative singular)
klausītājās (nominative plural)
klausītājos (accusative singular)
klausītājās (accusative plural)
klausītājās (genitive singular)
klausītājos (genitive plural)

From klausīties (“to listen”) + -āja (“-er”), or klausītājies (“listener”) + -a (“fem.”) (with the reflexive element -ies from the verb moved to the end of the word, after the agent suffix -āja, which becomes -ājās).

(rare, perhaps archaic) (female) listener (alternative form of klausītāja)


drudzi

vocative/accusative/instrumental singular of drudzis


džihādu

inflection of džihāds:
accusative/instrumental singular


siena drudži

nominative/vocative plural of siena drudzis


vēlēšanās

vēlēšanās (nominative singular)
vēlēšanās (nominative plural)
vēlēšanos (accusative singular)
vēlēšanās (accusative plural)
vēlēšanās (genitive singular)
vēlēšanos (genitive plural)

From vēlē(ties) (“to wish, to desire”) + -šanās.


siena drudzi

vocative/accusative/instrumental singular of siena drudzis


kārpa

kārpa (nominative singular)
kārpas (nominative plural)
kārpu (accusative singular)
kārpas (accusative plural)
kārpas (genitive singular)
kārpu (genitive plural)
kārpai (dative singular)
kārpām (dative plural)
kārpu (instrumental singular)
kārpām (instrumental plural)
kārpā (locative singular)
kārpās (locative plural)
kārpa (singular vocative)
kārpas (plural vocative)


ābeci

accusative/instrumental singular of ābece


bumbieres

inflection of bumbiere:
genitive singular

inflection of bumbiere:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


ābeli

accusative/instrumental singular of ābele


siena drudžiem

dative/instrumental plural of siena drudzis


ābeles

inflection of ābele:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


brīvību

inflection of brīvība:
accusative/instrumental singular


draudzību

inflection of draudzība:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of draudzība:
genitive plural


ābeces

inflection of ābece:
nominative/vocative/instrumental plural


brīvības

inflection of brīvība:
genitive singular

inflection of brīvība:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


bārene

lv-noun

bārene f (5th declension, masculine form: bārenis)

bārenis (masculine)
bārene (nominative singular)
bārenes (nominative plural)
bāreni (accusative singular)
bārenes (accusative plural)
bārenes (genitive singular)
bāreņu (genitive plural)
bārenei (dative singular)
bārenēm (dative plural)
bāreni (instrumental singular)
bārenēm (instrumental plural)
bārenē (locative singular)
bārenēs (locative plural)
bārene (singular vocative)
bārenes (plural vocative)

esmu bārene: man nav ne mātes, ne tēva

I am an orphan: I have neither mother nor father

Luzei ir gādīga māte un krietni radi, bet Karlīne ir bārene

Luze has a caring mother and good relatives, while Karlīne is an orphan

(female) orphan (a girl who has lost one or both parents)


draudzības

inflection of draudzība:
genitive singular

inflection of draudzība:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


bumbieri

inflection of bumbieris:
nominative/accusative plural

accusative/instrumental plural of bumbiere


draudzeni

accusative/instrumental singular of draudzene


gultas

inflection of gulta:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


draudzenes

inflection of draudzene:
genitive singular

inflection of draudzene:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


prātu

inflection of prāts:
accusative/instrumental singular


bruņurupučiem

dative/instrumental plural of bruņurupucis


blīves

inflection of blīve:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


bruņurupuci

vocative/accusative/instrumental singular of bruņurupucis


burbuli

vocative/accusative/instrumental singular of burbulis


bruņurupuči

nominative/vocative plural of bruņurupucis


vēlējumies

vēlējumies (nominative singular)
vēlējumos (accusative singular)


gultu

inflection of gulta:
accusative/instrumental singular


drudzis

drudzis (nominative singular)
drudži (nominative plural)
drudzi (accusative singular)
drudžus (accusative plural)
drudža (genitive singular)
drudžu (genitive plural)
drudzim (dative singular)
drudžiem (dative plural)
drudzi (instrumental singular)
drudžiem (instrumental plural)
drudzī (locative singular)
drudžos (locative plural)
drudzi (singular vocative)
drudži (plural vocative)


džihāds

džihāds (nominative singular)
džihādi (nominative plural)
džihādu (accusative singular)
džihādus (accusative plural)
džihāda (genitive singular)
džihādu (genitive plural)
džihādam (dative singular)
džihādiem (dative plural)
džihādu (instrumental singular)
džihādiem (instrumental plural)
džihādā (locative singular)
džihādos (locative plural)
džihād (singular vocative)
džihādi (plural vocative)


baltu

inflection of balts:
accusative/instrumental singular


bumbiere

bumbiere (nominative singular)
bumbieres (nominative plural)
bumbieri (accusative singular)
bumbieres (accusative plural)
bumbieres (genitive singular)
bumbieru (genitive plural)
bumbierei (dative singular)
bumbierēm (dative plural)
bumbieri (instrumental singular)
bumbierēm (instrumental plural)
bumbierē (locative singular)
bumbierēs (locative plural)
bumbiere (singular vocative)
bumbieres (plural vocative)

bumbieres koksne

vasaras bumbiere

bumbieru kaitēkļi

bumbieru slimības

stādīt bumbieres

potēt bumbieres


gulbis

gulbis (nominative singular)
gulbji (nominative plural)
gulbi (accusative singular)
gulbjus (accusative plural)
gulbja (genitive singular)
gulbju (genitive plural)
gulbim (dative singular)
gulbjiem (dative plural)
gulbi (instrumental singular)
gulbjiem (instrumental plural)
gulbī (locative singular)
gulbjos (locative plural)
gulbi (singular vocative)
gulbji (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gulbis, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“to flourish, shine, be joyful”). Balto-Slavic cognates include Lithuanian gulbìs (“swan”), Old Prussian gulbis (“swan”), Proto-Slavic *gъlbь.


blīvi

accusative/instrumental singular of blīve


draudzene

lv-noun

draudzene f (5th declension, masculine form: draugs)

draugs (masculine)
draudzene (nominative singular)
draudzenes (nominative plural)
draudzeni (accusative singular)
draudzenes (accusative plural)
draudzenes (genitive singular)
draudzeņu (genitive plural)
draudzenei (dative singular)
draudzenēm (dative plural)
draudzeni (instrumental singular)
draudzenēm (instrumental plural)
draudzenē (locative singular)
draudzenēs (locative plural)
draudzene (singular vocative)
draudzenes (plural vocative)

From draugs (“friend”) + -ene (with g > dz via palatalization).


burbulis

burbulis (nominative singular)
burbuļi (nominative plural)
burbuli (accusative singular)
burbuļus (accusative plural)
burbuļa (genitive singular)
burbuļu (genitive plural)
burbulim (dative singular)
burbuļiem (dative plural)
burbuli (instrumental singular)
burbuļiem (instrumental plural)
burbulī (locative singular)
burbuļos (locative plural)
burbuli (singular vocative)
burbuļi (plural vocative)


draudzība

draudzība (nominative singular)
draudzības (nominative plural)
draudzību (accusative singular)
draudzības (accusative plural)
draudzības (genitive singular)
draudzību (genitive plural)
draudzībai (dative singular)
draudzībām (dative plural)
draudzību (instrumental singular)
draudzībām (instrumental plural)
draudzībā (locative singular)
draudzībās (locative plural)
draudzība (singular vocative)
draudzības (plural vocative)

From draugs (“friend”) + -ība (with g > dz via palatalization). From Proto-Balto-Slavic *draugība. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *družьba.


cirslis

cirslis (nominative singular)
ciršļi (nominative plural)
cirsli (accusative singular)
ciršļus (accusative plural)
ciršļa (genitive singular)
ciršļu (genitive plural)
cirslim (dative singular)
ciršļiem (dative plural)
cirsli (instrumental singular)
ciršļiem (instrumental plural)
cirslī (locative singular)
ciršļos (locative plural)
cirsli (singular vocative)
ciršļi (plural vocative)

Derived from cirst (“to cut, to hew, to chop”), from Proto-Baltic *kir-, from Proto-Indo-European *ker-, *kr̥- (“to cut”). The semantic evolution was probably “to cut” > “to chop”, also “to gnaw, to bite, to pierce”, whence cirslis “gnawer”. Cognates include Lithuanian kar̃stas, kertùkas, kirstukas, Ukrainian черте́ц (čertéc).

ūdens cirslis

mazais cirslis

ciršļa ala


brīvība

brīvība (nominative singular)
brīvības (nominative plural)
brīvību (accusative singular)
brīvības (accusative plural)
brīvības (genitive singular)
brīvību (genitive plural)
brīvībai (dative singular)
brīvībām (dative plural)
brīvību (instrumental singular)
brīvībām (instrumental plural)
brīvībā (locative singular)
brīvībās (locative plural)
brīvība (singular vocative)
brīvības (plural vocative)

From brīvs (“free”) + -ība. First attested in the late 18th, early 19th century with the meaning (legally, juridically given) “permission,” “privilege.”

personas brīvība

demokrātiskās brīvības

vārda, preses, sirdsapziņas brīvība

freedom of speech, of press, of conscience

sapulču brīvība

koloniālo tautu brīvības cīņas

(political science, politics) freedom, liberty (situation in which there is no political, social, economical, juridical) subordination, dependence)

laist gūstekni brīvībā

to let a prisoner go free (lit. in freedom)

sodīt ar brīvībās atņemšanu

to punish by imprisonment (lit. by removal of freedom)

tur vārnai deva pilnīgu brīvību

there they gave the crow complete freedom

freedom, liberty (situation in which a person or animal is not imprisoned)

izvēles, rīcības brīvība

brīvība domāt, spriest, lemt

dot bērnam vairāk brīvības

freedom, liberty (having no constraints on one's posibilities for moving or acting)

brīvība un nepieciešamība

(philosophy) freedom (the capacity to realize and express one's will, in accordance with the laws of nature)


acs

acs (nominative singular)
acis (nominative plural)
aci (accusative singular)
acis (accusative plural)
acs (genitive singular)
acu (genitive plural)
acij (dative singular)
acīm (dative plural)
aci (instrumental singular)
acīm (instrumental plural)
acī (locative singular)
acīs (locative plural)
acs (singular vocative)
acis (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic (perhaps Proto-Balto-Slavic) *ak-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃okʷ-, *h₃ekʷ- (“eye; to see”). Cognates include Lithuanian akìs, Old Prussian ackis (plural), Proto-Slavic *oko (“eye”) (Old Church Slavonic око (oko), Russian, Ukrainian о́ко (óko), Bulgarian око́ (okó), Czech, Polish oko), Proto-Germanic *ago (> *augô under the influence of *ausô (“ear”); Gothic 𐌰𐌿𐌲𐍉 (augō), German Auge, Dutch oog, English eye), Sanskrit अक्षि (ákṣi), Armenian ակն (akn), Ancient Greek ὤψ (ṓps, “eye, face”), Latin oculus.

zilas, brūnas, melnas acis

lielas, mazas acis

šauras, šķības acis

acu vāki (= plakstiņi)

dzīvas, skumjas acis

viltīgas acis

acu pilienis

atvērt, aizvērt acis

mirkšķināt acis

acis kā vanagam, kaķim

eyes like a hawk's, a cat's (= good vision)

pievērst acis gleznai

vision, capacity to see, field of vision, attention

gredzens ar lielu aci

kartupeļu acis

adatas acs

tīkla acis

dūzim ir vienpadsmit acu

(card games) value unit (when playing cards)


aitu

inflection of aita:
accusative/instrumental singular


bārdu

inflection of bārda:
accusative/instrumental singular


bārdas

inflection of bārda:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


rokas

inflection of roka:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


naudu

accusative/instrumental singular of nauda


cietokšņiem

dative/instrumental plural of cietoksnis


gaili

vocative/accusative/instrumental singular of gailis


caunu

inflection of cauna:
accusative/instrumental singular


kāju

inflection of kāja:
accusative/instrumental singular


circeni

vocative/accusative/instrumental singular of circenis


cietoksni

vocative/accusative/instrumental singular of cietoksnis


miesnieku

inflection of miesnieks:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of miesnieks:
genitive plural


rakstnieki

nominative/vocative plural of rakstnieks


rakstniekiem

dative/instrumental plural of rakstnieks


cietokšņi

nominative/vocative plural of cietoksnis


miesnieks

miesnieks m (1st declension, feminine form: miesniece)

miesniece (feminine)
miesnieks (nominative singular)
miesnieki (nominative plural)
miesnieku (accusative singular)
miesniekus (accusative plural)
miesnieka (genitive singular)
miesnieku (genitive plural)
miesniekam (dative singular)
miesniekiem (dative plural)
miesnieku (instrumental singular)
miesniekiem (instrumental plural)
miesniekā (locative singular)
miesniekos (locative plural)
miesniek (singular vocative)
miesnieki (plural vocative)


rakstnieks

rakstnieks m (1st declension, feminine form: rakstniece)

rakstniece (feminine)
rakstnieks (nominative singular)
rakstnieki (nominative plural)
rakstnieku (accusative singular)
rakstniekus (accusative plural)
rakstnieka (genitive singular)
rakstnieku (genitive plural)
rakstniekam (dative singular)
rakstniekiem (dative plural)
rakstnieku (instrumental singular)
rakstniekiem (instrumental plural)
rakstniekā (locative singular)
rakstniekos (locative plural)
rakstniek (singular vocative)
rakstnieki (plural vocative)

Coined by Juris Alunāns, from raksts (“writing”) + -nieks, in the 1850s.


caunas

inflection of cauna:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


kājas

inflection of kāja:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


ielas

inflection of iela:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


ielu

inflection of iela:
accusative/instrumental singular


rakstnieku

inflection of rakstnieks:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of rakstnieks:
genitive plural


miesu

inflection of miesa:
accusative/instrumental singular


raksts

raksts (nominative singular)
raksti (nominative plural)
rakstu (accusative singular)
rakstus (accusative plural)
raksta (genitive singular)
rakstu (genitive plural)
rakstam (dative singular)
rakstiem (dative plural)
rakstu (instrumental singular)
rakstiem (instrumental plural)
rakstā (locative singular)
rakstos (locative plural)
rakst (singular vocative)
raksti (plural vocative)

From the same stem as rakstīt, perhaps its original source. According to some researchers, it reflects an earlier *rasts (cf. irregularly formed Lithuanian rãštas), changed to raksts under the influence of rakt “to dig” (earlier “to pierce,” “to scrape”; see rakt, rakstīt).


miesas

inflection of miesa:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


gailis

gailis (nominative singular)
gaiļi (nominative plural)
gaili (accusative singular)
gaiļus (accusative plural)
gaiļa (genitive singular)
gaiļu (genitive plural)
gailim (dative singular)
gaiļiem (dative plural)
gaili (instrumental singular)
gaiļiem (instrumental plural)
gailī (locative singular)
gaiļos (locative plural)
gaili (singular vocative)
gaiļi (plural vocative)

From *gal-n-o, enlargement of *gl̥H-o, zero-grade of Proto-Indo-European *golH-so.
Cognates include Welsh galw (“call”), English call, Lithuanian gal̃sas (“echo”), Russian го́лос (gólos, “voice”), Polish głos (“voice”), Albanian gjuhë (“voice”)).

lielīgs kā gailis

gaiļa gadi

Gallus gallus
Gallus gallus#Translingual

rooster, cock (male domestic fowl, especially Gallus gallus)

pirmie gaiļi

otrie, trešie gaiļi

(in the plural) time (very early morning) when roosters crow; the crowing itself


rakstu

inflection of raksts:
accusative/instrumental singular


balsi

accusative/instrumental singular of balss


govis

nominative/vocative/accusative plural of govs


vērsi

vocative/accusative/instrumental singular of vērsis


cirmeni

vocative/accusative/instrumental singular of cirmenis


gaļu

inflection of gaļa:
accusative/instrumental singular


cirvi

vocative/accusative/instrumental singular of cirvis


darvu

accusative/instrumental singular of darva


cūku

inflection of cūka:
accusative/instrumental singular


jūrnieku

inflection of jūrnieks:
accusative/instrumental singular


cūkas

inflection of cūka:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural

“cūkas” jeb “duraki” ir kāršu spēle, kuras mērķis ir atbrīvoties no rokās esošajām kārtīm

“pigs,” or “fools,” is a card game whose objective it is to get rid of all the cards in one's hands

(colloquial) the name of a certain card game


jūru

inflection of jūra:
accusative/instrumental singular


darbību

inflection of darbība:
accusative/instrumental singular


darbinieki

nominative/vocative plural of darbinieks


darbiniekiem

dative/instrumental plural of darbinieks


gaļas

inflection of gaļa:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


darbības

inflection of darbība:
genitive singular

inflection of darbība:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


darbinieku

inflection of darbinieks:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of darbinieks:
accusative plural


iela

iela (nominative singular)
ielas (nominative plural)
ielu (accusative singular)
ielas (accusative plural)
ielas (genitive singular)
ielu (genitive plural)
ielai (dative singular)
ielām (dative plural)
ielu (instrumental singular)
ielām (instrumental plural)
ielā (locative singular)
ielās (locative plural)
iela (singular vocative)
ielas (plural vocative)

Derived from the verb iet (“to go”) (q.v.). Cognates include Lithuanian eilė̃ (“line, row, layer, order”), dialectal eilà.

cog

asfaltēta iela

bruģēta iela

smilšaina iela

taisna, līkumota iela

plata, šaura iela

klusa, troksnaina, dzīva iela

pilsētas galvenās iela

ielas drūzma

ielu krustojums

ielu apgaismojums

ielu dzelzceļš

staigāt pa ielām

iet pāri ielai

demonstranti iziet ielās

ielas šķērso dzelzceļa līniju

tas ir kiosks pie pilsētas dārza, kur šķērsojas ielas un kustība diezgan dzīva

it is a kiosk (newsstand) at the city garden, where the streets cross and the movement (of passers-by) is quite lively

taures kliedza un dzina no ielas prom uz trotuāra ikvienu, kas būtu mēģinājis pārkļūt uz otru pusi

the horns were yelling and driving away from the street and onto the sidewalk anyone who might try to cross to the other side

street, road (a traffic lane in cities or other populated areas)

karā nopostīta iela

ielas muzikanti

ielas tirdzniecība

ielu cīņas

Alberta iela (Rīgā)

dzīvot Kalna ielā

Dzirnavu ielā 5

izmest, izsviest no ielas

to throw (someone) on the streets' (= to send someone out of one's house, apartment)

nams atrodas Krišjāņa Barona un Dzirnavu ielas stūrī

the house is located at the corner of Krišjānis Barons and Dzirnavu streets

street (the houses and buildings on the side of said traffic lane)

ielas tērps, apģērbs, kurpes

ielas žargons

ielas meita, ielasmeita

(in the genitive, used adjectively) street (typical of, used on, the streets; also, vulgar, improper)


darbības vārdiem

dative/instrumental plural of darbības vārds


darbības vārdi

nominative/vocative plural of darbības vārds


darbības vārdu

inflection of darbības vārds:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of darbības vārds:
genitive plural


ceļinieku

inflection of ceļinieks:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of ceļinieks:
genitive plural


dārznieku

inflection of dārznieks:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of dārznieks:
genitive plural


salinieku

inflection of salinieks:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of salinieks:
genitive plural


valodniekiem

dative/instrumental plural of valodnieks


valodnieku

inflection of valodnieks:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of valodnieks:
genitive plural


strādnieki

nominative/vocative plural of strādnieks


strādnieku

inflection of strādnieks:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of strādnieks:
genitive plural


strādniekiem

dative/instrumental plural of strādnieks


zemnieku

inflection of zemnieks:
accusative/instrumental singular


valodnieki

nominative/vocative plural of valodnieks


ceļu

inflection of ceļš:
accusative/instrumental singular


salinieks

lv-noun

salinieks m (1st declension, feminine form: saliniece)

saliniece (feminine)
salinieks (nominative singular)
salinieki (nominative plural)
salinieku (accusative singular)
saliniekus (accusative plural)
salinieka (genitive singular)
salinieku (genitive plural)
saliniekam (dative singular)
saliniekiem (dative plural)
salinieku (instrumental singular)
saliniekiem (instrumental plural)
saliniekā (locative singular)
saliniekos (locative plural)
saliniek (singular vocative)
salinieki (plural vocative)


ceļinieks

ceļinieks m (1st declension, feminine form: ceļiniece)

ceļiniece (feminine)
ceļinieks (nominative singular)
ceļinieki (nominative plural)
ceļinieku (accusative singular)
ceļiniekus (accusative plural)
ceļinieka (genitive singular)
ceļinieku (genitive plural)
ceļiniekam (dative singular)
ceļiniekiem (dative plural)
ceļinieku (instrumental singular)
ceļiniekiem (instrumental plural)
ceļiniekā (locative singular)
ceļiniekos (locative plural)
ceļiniek (singular vocative)
ceļinieki (plural vocative)


darbinieks

darbinieks m (1st declension, feminine form: darbiniece)

darbiniece (feminine)
darbinieks (nominative singular)
darbinieki (nominative plural)
darbinieku (accusative singular)
darbiniekus (accusative plural)
darbinieka (genitive singular)
darbinieku (genitive plural)
darbiniekam (dative singular)
darbiniekiem (dative plural)
darbinieku (instrumental singular)
darbiniekiem (instrumental plural)
darbiniekā (locative singular)
darbiniekos (locative plural)
darbiniek (singular vocative)
darbinieki (plural vocative)


jūrnieks

jūrnieks m (1st declension, feminine form: jūrniece)

jūrniece (feminine)
jūrnieks (nominative singular)
jūrnieki (nominative plural)
jūrnieku (accusative singular)
jūrniekus (accusative plural)
jūrnieka (genitive singular)
jūrnieku (genitive plural)
jūrniekam (dative singular)
jūrniekiem (dative plural)
jūrnieku (instrumental singular)
jūrniekiem (instrumental plural)
jūrniekā (locative singular)
jūrniekos (locative plural)
jūrniek (singular vocative)
jūrnieki (plural vocative)


zemnieks

zemnieks m (1st declension, feminine form: zemniece)

zemniece (feminine)
zemnieks (nominative singular)
zemnieki (nominative plural)
zemnieku (accusative singular)
zemniekus (accusative plural)
zemnieka (genitive singular)
zemnieku (genitive plural)
zemniekam (dative singular)
zemniekiem (dative plural)
zemnieku (instrumental singular)
zemniekiem (instrumental plural)
zemniekā (locative singular)
zemniekos (locative plural)
zemniek (singular vocative)
zemnieki (plural vocative)


dārznieks

dārznieks m (1st declension, feminine form: dārzniece)

dārzniece (feminine)
dārznieks (nominative singular)
dārznieki (nominative plural)
dārznieku (accusative singular)
dārzniekus (accusative plural)
dārznieka (genitive singular)
dārznieku (genitive plural)
dārzniekam (dative singular)
dārzniekiem (dative plural)
dārznieku (instrumental singular)
dārzniekiem (instrumental plural)
dārzniekā (locative singular)
dārzniekos (locative plural)
dārzniek (singular vocative)
dārznieki (plural vocative)


sirdis

nominative/vocative/accusative plural of sirds


darbība

darbība (nominative singular)
darbības (nominative plural)
darbību (accusative singular)
darbības (accusative plural)
darbības (genitive singular)
darbību (genitive plural)
darbībai (dative singular)
darbībām (dative plural)
darbību (instrumental singular)
darbībām (instrumental plural)
darbībā (locative singular)
darbībās (locative plural)
darbība (singular vocative)
darbības (plural vocative)


kāja

kāja (nominative singular)
kājas (nominative plural)
kāju (accusative singular)
kājas (accusative plural)
kājas (genitive singular)
kāju (genitive plural)
kājai (dative singular)
kājām (dative plural)
kāju (instrumental singular)
kājām (instrumental plural)
kājā (locative singular)
kājās (locative plural)
kāja (singular vocative)
kājas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *kāy-a, from Proto-Indo-European *kāi-, a stem of unclear origin. It is possible that the initial *k is an irregular reflex of an earlier *gʷ, in which case Latvian kāja and its cognates might be derived from Proto-Indo-European *gʷā- (“to come, to go”); compare Latvian kāja : gāja (“he went”) with Sanskrit कायः (kā́yaḥ, “body, flesh”) : गयः (gājaḥ, “gait, motion”). Another hypothesis suggests a connection between Latvian kāja and Ancient Greek κίω (kíō, “to go”), κινέω (kinéō, “to move, too put in motion”), Latin cieō (“to move”). Cognate include Lithuanian koja, Sudovian kaj ([kāj(a)]), Sanskrit कायः (kā́yaḥ, “body, flesh”).

cog

spēcīgas, slaidas kājas

plata, maza kāja

kāju pirksti

aut kājas

to put shoes on (lit. to shoe (one's) leg/foot)

atputināt kājas

lēkāt uz vienas kājas

kāju slauķis, kājslauķis

koka kāja

no galvas līdz kājām

viņam veiklas, vieglas kājas

he has agile, light legs (he walks easily)

spēlēt futbolu bez kāju sargiem ir diezgan bīstami

to play football/soccer without leg protection is quite dangerous

Juris kādu rītu uzāva kājās garos, melnos zābakus

every morning, Juris put long, black boots on (his feet)

mežā pavisam tumšs... mēs ar Ati ejam lēni, taustīdamies, kājas augstu celdami

in the forest it was dark... Atis and I walked slowly, gropingly, lifting (our) legs high

(anatomy) leg, foot (people's lower limb, organ of support and locomotion)

zirga kāja

dzērves kāja

zirneklis ar garām kājām

(anatomy) leg, foot (corresponding organ in animals)

celties, lēkt, stāvēt kājās

to stand up, to jump, to stand on one's feet

suns uzslējās kājās

viņš šorīt agri kājās

(in the locative, used adverbially) standing on one's feet; up (awake)

iet kājām

viņš devās uz māju kājām

(in the instrumental plural, used adverbially) on foot, walking

lai noslaukot kājas...

meitene nokrata salijušo lietussargu, notīra dubļainās kājas

the girl shakes the rained-on umbrella, cleans the muddy shoes

galda kāja

gultas kāja

vēl te bija seši krēsli ar liektām kājām, apvilkti ar zaļu zīdu

there were still six chairs with curved legs, upholstered in green silk

šampanieša glāze var būt vai nu augsta un šaura, vai arī lēzena, bet uz augstas kājas

a champagne glass may be either tall and narrow or flat, but (it has always) a long leg

(on objects) leg (a support similar to a human or animal leg)


valodnieks

lv-noun

valodnieks m (1st declension, feminine form: valodniece)

valodniece (feminine)
valodnieks (nominative singular)
valodnieki (nominative plural)
valodnieku (accusative singular)
valodniekus (accusative plural)
valodnieka (genitive singular)
valodnieku (genitive plural)
valodniekam (dative singular)
valodniekiem (dative plural)
valodnieku (instrumental singular)
valodniekiem (instrumental plural)
valodniekā (locative singular)
valodniekos (locative plural)
valodniek (singular vocative)
valodnieki (plural vocative)


ūdeni

vocative/accusative/instrumental singular of ūdens


uguni

vocative/accusative/instrumental singular of uguns


vērsis

vērsis (nominative singular)
vērši (nominative plural)
vērsi (accusative singular)
vēršus (accusative plural)
vērša (genitive singular)
vēršu (genitive plural)
vērsim (dative singular)
vēršiem (dative plural)
vērsi (instrumental singular)
vēršiem (instrumental plural)
vērsī (locative singular)
vēršos (locative plural)
vērsi (singular vocative)
vērši (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *wers-, *wr̥s- (“male”). Cognates include Lithuanian ver̃šis (“calf; (dialectal) ox”), Old Prussian werstian (“calf”) (maybe *wersistian?), Sanskrit वृष (vṛṣa, “bull; male”), वृषन् (vṛṣan, “man; stallion, ox”), Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬥𐬌 (varšni, “ram”), Latin verrēs (“boar”).

cog

darba vērsis

vēršu pajūgs

vērša gaļa

vēršu cīņas

ox (male cattle, usually castrated, often used as a beast of burden)


govi

accusative/instrumental singular of govs


ugunis

nominative/vocative/accusative plural of uguns


ugunsgrēki

nominative/vocative plural of ugunsgrēks


miesa

miesa (nominative singular)
miesas (nominative plural)
miesu (accusative singular)
miesas (accusative plural)
miesas (genitive singular)
miesu (genitive plural)
miesai (dative singular)
miesām (dative plural)
miesu (instrumental singular)
miesām (instrumental plural)
miesā (locative singular)
miesās (locative plural)
miesa (singular vocative)
miesas (plural vocative)

From *mēnsā́ˀ, the plural of Proto-Balto-Slavic *mḗns, from Proto-Indo-European *mḗms.
This stem has variants (*mē- > *mei-; cf. maiss) and may have originally been the name of some animal species (cf. *moysós (“sheep”), and secondarily also the source of words for its meat, skin, or limbs. Semantically, miesa became restricted to “flesh” while its synonym gaļa (q.v.) became “meat,” but its original wider meaning can still be seen in the derived term miesnieks (“butcher”).

lode skārusi miesu

stingra, raupja miesa

pieņemties miesās

to increase in the flesh (= to become fatter)

kristies miesās

to fall in the flesh (= to become thinner)

mātes miesās

in the mother's womb (lit. flesh, i.e., not yet born)

miesas uzbūve

miesas krāsa

miesas bojājums

miesas kārība, miesaskārība

(anatomy) flesh, muscle and fat tissue of a human or animal body


ugunsgrēkiem

dative/instrumental plural of ugunsgrēks


grēku

inflection of grēks:
accusative/instrumental singular


ugunsgrēku

inflection of ugunsgrēks:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of ugunsgrēks:
genitive plural


balsis

nominative/vocative/accusative plural of balss


tārpu

inflection of tārps:
accusative/instrumental singular


degšanas

inflection of degšana:
genitive singular

inflection of degšana:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


degšanu

inflection of degšana:
accusative/instrumental singular


zvaigzni

accusative/instrumental singular of zvaigzne


diegu

inflection of diegs:
accusative/instrumental singular


zvaigznes

inflection of zvaigzne:
genitive singular

inflection of zvaigzne:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


galaktiku

inflection of galaktika:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of galaktika:
genitive plural


dzelzi

accusative/instrumental singular of dzelzs


strādnieks

lv-noun

strādnieks m (1st declension, feminine form: strādniece)

strādniece (feminine)
strādnieks (nominative singular)
strādnieki (nominative plural)
strādnieku (accusative singular)
strādniekus (accusative plural)
strādnieka (genitive singular)
strādnieku (genitive plural)
strādniekam (dative singular)
strādniekiem (dative plural)
strādnieku (instrumental singular)
strādniekiem (instrumental plural)
strādniekā (locative singular)
strādniekos (locative plural)
strādniek (singular vocative)
strādnieki (plural vocative)

Probably from strād(āt) (“to work”) + -nieks. It is also possible that it was derived from an older (and still dialectally attested) noun strāda (“harvest time”), probably a borrowing from Russian dialectal страда (strada, “time of heavy (farm) work; heavy (farm) work”). Originally the meaning of strādnieks was “one who works well, hard,” and referred mostly to farm work. The current meaning “worker (in general)” started in the mid-19th century, especially in writings published in the newspaper “Peterburgas Avīze.”

čakls strādnieks

teicams strādnieks

garīga darba strādnieks

vairums iedzīvotāju bija vienkārši gadījuma strādnieki, kas dzīvoja, tā sakot, no rokas mutē

the majority of the inhabitants were simply casual laborers, workers, who lived, so to speak, from hand to mouth

(male) worker, workman, laborer (a man, person who with his or her work produces something material or cultural)

strādnieku šķira

strādnieku meistarības konkurss

strādnieku ciemats

Māra nāca no vienkāršas strādnieku ģimenes

(male) worker, workman (a man, person who, under a contract of employment, works (e.g., in industry), usually directly in contact with the object being produced)


debesi

accusative/instrumental singular of debess


dvēseli

accusative/instrumental singular of dvēsele


dvēseles

inflection of dvēsele:
genitive singular

inflection of dvēsele:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


dzimumlocekli

vocative/accusative/instrumental singular of dzimumloceklis


locekli

vocative/accusative/instrumental singular of loceklis


galaktikas

inflection of galaktika:
genitive singular

inflection of galaktika:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


dzimumlocekļi

nominative/vocative plural of dzimumloceklis


dzimumlocekļiem

dative/instrumental plural of dzimumloceklis


dzimumu

inflection of dzimums:
accusative/instrumental singular


makstis

nominative/vocative/accusative plural of maksts


maksti

accusative/instrumental singular of maksts


vagīnu

inflection of vagīna:
accusative/instrumental singular


vagīnas

inflection of vagīna:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


darbības vārds

darbības vārds (nominative singular)
darbības vārdi (nominative plural)
darbības vārdu (accusative singular)
darbības vārdus (accusative plural)
darbības vārda (genitive singular)
darbības vārdu (genitive plural)
darbības vārdam (dative singular)
darbības vārdiem (dative plural)
darbības vārdu (instrumental singular)
darbības vārdiem (instrumental plural)
darbības vārdā (locative singular)
darbības vārdos (locative plural)
darbības vārd (singular vocative)
darbības vārdi (plural vocative)

Literally 'action word', apparently a calque of German Tätigkeitswort coined by Pēteris Abuls in 1902, which soon became the accepted standard instead of previous coinages, such as K. Mīlenbahs' izteiksmes vārds (“expression word”) or laika vārds (“time word”) (compare German Zeitwort), or J. Neikens' 1850 term darīšanas vārds (“making word”).

darbības vārdu locīšana

nenoteiksme (infinitīvs) ir darbības vārda pamatforma

the infinitive is the basic form of a verb

(grammar) verb (a word that indicates an action, event or state; the head of the predicate)


dzimumorgāniem

dative/instrumental plural of dzimumorgāns


balss

balss (nominative singular)
balsis (nominative plural)
balsi (accusative singular)
balsis (accusative plural)
balss (genitive singular)
balsu (genitive plural)
balsij (dative singular)
balsīm (dative plural)
balsi (instrumental singular)
balsīm (instrumental plural)
balsī (locative singular)
balsīs (locative plural)
balss (singular vocative)
balsis (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *balsas, from the o-grade of Proto-Indo-European *bʰel-, *bʰol- (“to sound, to speak, to roar, to bark”), with an extra suffix -so (*bʰol-so-s). Cognates include Lithuanian bal̃sas, Russian болтать (boltatʹ, “to chat, to chatter”), dialectal балдить (balditʹ, “to often repeat the same thing”), Old High German bellan, German bellen (“to bark”), Middle Low German bulderen, German poltern (“to rumble; to speak loud”).

cog

spēcīga balss

balss trīc, dreb

balss tembrs, spēks, augstums

balss aparāts

balss saites

lasīt balsī

to read out loud (lit. to read in voice)

pacelt, raudāt balsi

respiratory tract
respiratory tract#English

(anatomy) voice (sound produced by the human respiratory tract for speaking, singing, etc.)

priecīga, skumja balss

dusmīga, mierīga, vienaldzīga balss

voice, intonation (how a person's voice sounds, expressing or revealing mental states)

kadā balss ierunājās aiz muguras

voice (someone who cannot be seen but can be heard)

zemes balss

sirds balss

voice (metaphorical means of communicating feelings, mental states)

augsta, zema balss

dziedātāja balss

balss diapazons

augšējā balss

pastāvīga balss

balsu kustība

dziedāt pirmo balsi

dziesma divām balsīm

(polyphonic music) voice (single melodic line)

putnu balsis

lakstīgalas balss

voice (sounds and calls produced by animals)

vēja balss

voice (sound produced by natural phenomena or objects)

tautas balss

sabiedrības balss

voice (general thoughts, beliefs, of a group of people)

naida balss

cilvēcības balss

tauta, kam bija atņemta sava balss

a people who had been deprived of their voice

voice (capacity or opportunity to express one's opinion)

nodot, atdot, dot (savu) balsi

vote (citizen's will, expressed in an election, a referendum)

izšķirt jautājumu ar balsu vairākumu

absolūtais balsu vairākums

vote (opinion, to be counted, expressed in a debate or discussion)


dzimumorgānu

inflection of dzimumorgāns:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of dzimumorgāns:
genitive plural


dzimumorgāni

nominative/vocative plural of dzimumorgāns


sirdi

accusative/instrumental singular of sirds


sirdi

(dialectal) accusative singular of sirde

(dialectal) instrumental singular of sirde


grēks

grēks (nominative singular)
grēki (nominative plural)
grēku (accusative singular)
grēkus (accusative plural)
grēka (genitive singular)
grēku (genitive plural)
grēkam (dative singular)
grēkiem (dative plural)
grēku (instrumental singular)
grēkiem (instrumental plural)
grēkā (locative singular)
grēkos (locative plural)
grēk (singular vocative)
grēki (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old East Slavic грѣхъ (grěxŭ), from Proto-Slavic *grěxъ.


orgānu

inflection of orgāns:
accusative/instrumental singular


tārps

tārps (nominative singular)
tārpi (nominative plural)
tārpu (accusative singular)
tārpus (accusative plural)
tārpa (genitive singular)
tārpu (genitive plural)
tārpam (dative singular)
tārpiem (dative plural)
tārpu (instrumental singular)
tārpiem (instrumental plural)
tārpā (locative singular)
tārpos (locative plural)
tārps (singular vocative)
tārpi (plural vocative)