pulkstenis

pulkstenis (nominative singular)
pulksteņi (nominative plural)
pulksteni (accusative singular)
pulksteņus (accusative plural)
pulksteņa (genitive singular)
pulksteņu (genitive plural)
pulkstenim (dative singular)
pulksteņiem (dative plural)
pulksteni (instrumental singular)
pulksteņiem (instrumental plural)
pulkstenī (locative singular)
pulksteņos (locative plural)
pulksteni (singular vocative)
pulksteņi (plural vocative)

There are various theories about the origin of this word, originally meaning “church bell.” The most likely to be true derives it from an unattested verb *pulsēt (“to produce sound”) (compare archaic pulstens, dialectal pulstenis (“bell”), pulkstiens (“bell sound, toll”)) > *pulksēt with an epenthetic k and the nominalizing suffix -enis. Other suggestions include deriving pulkstenis from pulks (“regiment, military unit”) and stenēt (“to groan, to make noise”) (i.e., the regiment's noisy one); from borrowed terms, Middle Low German puls (“hit, blow, touch”) and stēn (“stone”); from an old verb pult meaning “to fall” (since that which strikes a bell “falls” on it); from a compound of puls- and sitiens, sitenis “blow”, with an intrusive k. The word was already mentioned in a 1585 catechism (as stundu pulksten(is), “hour bell,” i.e., “clock”)

uder

mehāniskais, elektroniskais pulkstenis

sudraba, zelta pulkstenis

pulkstenis tikšķ

pulksteņa rādītāji

pulksteņa svārsts

labot pulksteni

rokas pulkstenis

kabatas pulkstenis

galda, sienas, torņa pulkstenis

modinātāja pulkstenis, modinātājpulkstenis

saules pulkstenis

smilšu pulkstenis

biloģiskais pulkstenis

pulkstenis ir ātrs, iet par ātru

pulkstenis iet priekšā, ir priekšā

pulkstenis ir vēls, iet par lēnu

clock, watch (instrument to measure time)

pulkstenis ir četri

pulkstenis vēl nebija pusseptiņi

cik ir pulkstenis?


tvaiks

tvaiks (nominative singular)
tvaiki (nominative plural)
tvaiku (accusative singular)
tvaikus (accusative plural)
tvaika (genitive singular)
tvaiku (genitive plural)
tvaikam (dative singular)
tvaikiem (dative plural)
tvaiku (instrumental singular)
tvaikiem (instrumental plural)
tvaikā (locative singular)
tvaikos (locative plural)
tvaik (singular vocative)
tvaiki (plural vocative)


dūmi

dūmi (nominative plural)
dūmus (accusative plural)
dūmu (genitive plural)
dūmiem (dative plural)
dūmiem (instrumental plural)
dūmos (locative plural)
dūmi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dūˀmas, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”). Akin to Lithuanian dūmas, Proto-Slavic *dymъ.


māte

māte (nominative singular)
mātes (nominative plural)
māti (accusative singular)
mātes (accusative plural)
mātes (genitive singular)
māšu (genitive plural)
mātei (dative singular)
mātēm (dative plural)
māti (instrumental singular)
mātēm (instrumental plural)
mātē (locative singular)
mātēs (locative plural)
māt (singular vocative)
mātes (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *mā́ˀtē, from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr (“mother”), where the initial *ma, *meh₂ may have originally been a child's call or nursery word.
Cognates include Lithuanian mótė (“woman, wife”, dialectally also “mother”), móteris (“woman”), mótina (“mother”), Old Prussian mūti, muti, mothe, Sudovian ate (< *māte), Proto-Slavic *mati (Russian мать (matʹ), Belarusian маць (macʹ), Ukrainian ма́ти (máty), Bulgarian ма́ти (máti), ма́тер (máter), Czech máti, archaic Polish mać), Proto-Germanic *mōdēr (Old Saxon mōdar, Old English mōdor, English mother, Old Norse móðir, Old High German muoter, German Mutter), Sanskrit मातृ (mā́tṛ), Avestan 𐬨𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭 (mātar), Ancient Greek μήτηρ (mḗtēr), Doric μάτηρ (mátēr), Latin māter.

cog

mātes mīlestība, rūpes, piens

māte un bērns

daudzbērnu māte

vientuļā māte

mātes valoda

mātes un bērna aizsardzība

bērni palikuši bez mātes

aizstāt kādam māti

būt mātes cerībās

to be in hope of mother (= to be pregnant)

mazā meitenīte kā mazs cinītis sēdēja mātei blakus

the little girl, like a little hill, sat next to (her) mother

briežu, vilku, lāču māte

bišu māte

female individual of some animal species

piesēdies, māt!

meža māte


paka

paka (nominative singular)
pakas (nominative plural)
paku (accusative singular)
pakas (accusative plural)
pakas (genitive singular)
paku (genitive plural)
pakai (dative singular)
pakām (dative plural)
paku (instrumental singular)
pakām (instrumental plural)
pakā (locative singular)
pakās (locative plural)
paka (singular vocative)
pakas (plural vocative)


pārtika

pārtika (nominative singular)
pārtikas (nominative plural)
pārtiku (accusative singular)
pārtikas (accusative plural)
pārtikas (genitive singular)
pārtiku (genitive plural)
pārtikai (dative singular)
pārtikām (dative plural)
pārtiku (instrumental singular)
pārtikām (instrumental plural)
pārtikā (locative singular)
pārtikās (locative plural)
pārtika (singular vocative)
pārtikas (plural vocative)

sagādāt pārtiku

pārtikas krājumi

pārtikas rūpniecības uzņēmums

food factory enterprise (= food industry)

pārtikas preces

pārtikas veikals

pārtikas pārpilnība, trūkums

pārtikas eļļa


ēdiens

ēdiens (nominative singular)
ēdieni (nominative plural)
ēdienu (accusative singular)
ēdienus (accusative plural)
ēdiena (genitive singular)
ēdienu (genitive plural)
ēdienam (dative singular)
ēdieniem (dative plural)
ēdienu (instrumental singular)
ēdieniem (instrumental plural)
ēdienā (locative singular)
ēdienos (locative plural)
ēdien (singular vocative)
ēdieni (plural vocative)

From ēst (past stem: ēd-) (“to eat”) + -iens.

gaļas, zivju, miltu ēdiens

silts, garšīgs ēdiens

saldais ēdiens

izvēlēties, pagatavot, pasniegt ēdienu

izvārīt ēdienu

ēst pusdienās trīs ēdienus

ēdienu karte, ēdienkarte

food prepared for consumption; meal; dish


galds

galds (nominative singular)
galdi (nominative plural)
galdu (accusative singular)
galdus (accusative plural)
galda (genitive singular)
galdu (genitive plural)
galdam (dative singular)
galdiem (dative plural)
galdu (instrumental singular)
galdiem (instrumental plural)
galdā (locative singular)
galdos (locative plural)
gald (singular vocative)
galdi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *geld-, *gald-, from Proto-Indo-European *geldʰ-, *goldʰ- (“to chip, to scratch, to hollow”). The semantic evolution was probably: “chipped, carved, hollowed (thing)” → “chip, board cut from a block (of wood)” (a meaning still attested; see below) → “trough, wood container (for eating, feeding)” (note also the meaning of derived term aizgalds (“sty, pen”)) → “table (for eating).” Cognates include Lithuanian gélda (“trough, wooden container”), Old Prussian galdo.

četrstūrains, apaļš, garš galds

pulēts, krāsots galds

riekstkoka galds

darba galds

virtuves, ēdamistabas galds

tualetes galds

izvelkamais galds

galda atvilktne, stūris

galda lampa, pulkstenis

galda drāna, galddrāna

galda teniss

mazgāt galdu

pārklāt galdu

sasēsties ap galdu

operācijas galds

operation table (where surgery is performed)

piece of furniture
piece of furniture#English

table (piece of furniture consisting of a horizontal surface on legs, to support objects — dishes and food while eating, tools while working, etc.)

ielikt rakstāmpiederumus galdā

to put the stationary (lit. writing things) in the table (= drawer)

izņemt grāmatu no galda

to take a book from the table (= drawer)

noglabāt dokumentus galdā

to keep documents in the talbe (= drawer)

aizslēgt, atvērt galdu

sameklēt galdā papīru

to look for paper in the table (= drawer)

(by metonymy) table (a table drawer or small cabinet)

lūgt pie galda

bagātīgs dzīru galds

viesību galds

lepns kāzu galds

pilns galds

full table (i.e., with a lot of food, drinks)

tukšs galds

empty table (i.e., with little or no food, drinks)

table, buffet (the food and drinks placed on the table; said food and drinks together with the table)

siltais, aukstais galds

warm, coold table (with warm, cold food)

kafijas galds

coffee table (with coffee, cookies, etc.)

pusdienu galds

galda runa

table speech (speech made during a meal)

table (a meal, the food consumed during a meal)

kalpu galds

saimnieku galds

table (group of people sitting at the same table and eating together)

mucas galdi

laivas galdi

gultas galdi

board especially treated to make a certain specific object

kuļmašīnas galds

board, table (horizontal surface or platform for some device or machine)


miza

miza (nominative singular)
mizas (nominative plural)
mizu (accusative singular)
mizas (accusative plural)
mizas (genitive singular)
mizu (genitive plural)
mizai (dative singular)
mizām (dative plural)
mizu (instrumental singular)
mizām (instrumental plural)
mizā (locative singular)
mizās (locative plural)
miza (singular vocative)
mizas (plural vocative)

egles, kārklu miza

raupja miza

ābolu, kartupeļu miza

banāna miza

nolobīt apelsīnam mizu


zāle

zāle (nominative singular)
zāles (nominative plural)
zāli (accusative singular)
zāles (accusative plural)
zāles (genitive singular)
zāļu (genitive plural)
zālei (dative singular)
zālēm (dative plural)
zāli (instrumental singular)
zālēm (instrumental plural)
zālē (locative singular)
zālēs (locative plural)
zāle (singular vocative)
zāles (plural vocative)


zāle

Borrowed from German Saal. Compare Lithuanian salė.


uts

uts (nominative singular)
utis (nominative plural)
uti (accusative singular)
utis (accusative plural)
uts (genitive singular)
utu (genitive plural)
utij (dative singular)
utīm (dative plural)
uti (instrumental singular)
utīm (instrumental plural)
utī (locative singular)
utīs (locative plural)
uts (singular vocative)
utis (plural vocative)

Usually derived from Proto-Indo-European *wēt-, *wet-, *ut-, from the stem *wē- (“to blow”) (whence also Latin vējš (“wind”), q.v.) with a suffix -t.
J. Endzelīns, connecting this word to Old Prussian wutris (“blacksmith”), and noting the ancient link between the notions of “forging” and “pricking, piercing” (compare Latvian kalt (“to forge”), Russian коло́ть (kolótʹ, “to pierce”)), suggested that the original meaning of uts was “that which pierces; stitch.”
Another opinion is that uts (via *wet-, with a suffix -t) derives from Proto-Indo-European *eu- (“to feel”) (whence also Latvian just (“to feel”), q.v.), so that its original meaning would have been “that which is felt, which irritates”.
A third suggestion is that uts comes from Proto-Indo-European *lus-, *luH- (“louse”) (compare Lithuanian liũlė, German Laus, English louse), a word which many daughter languages altered or abandoned, perhaps because of linguistic taboos; in the Baltic case, only the middle u would have been kept, with an extra suffix -t. Cognates include Lithuanian utėlė̃, dialectal utė̃, utìs.

galvas, drēbju uts

kaunuma uts

utu ķemme

louse, lice (many species of small insect parasites, all in the order Psocodea)


mošeja

mošeja (nominative singular)
mošejas (nominative plural)
mošeju (accusative singular)
mošejas (accusative plural)
mošejas (genitive singular)
mošeju (genitive plural)
mošejai (dative singular)
mošejām (dative plural)
mošeju (instrumental singular)
mošejām (instrumental plural)
mošejā (locative singular)
mošejās (locative plural)
mošeja (singular vocative)
mošejas (plural vocative)


pors

pors (nominative singular)
pori (nominative plural)
poru (accusative singular)
porus (accusative plural)
pora (genitive singular)
poru (genitive plural)
poram (dative singular)
poriem (dative plural)
poru (instrumental singular)
poriem (instrumental plural)
porā (locative singular)
poros (locative plural)
por (singular vocative)
pori (plural vocative)

(dialectal) swamp, bog, marsh, mire; alternative form of purvs


tapete

tapete (nominative singular)
tapetes (nominative plural)
tapeti (accusative singular)
tapetes (accusative plural)
tapetes (genitive singular)
tapešu (genitive plural)
tapetei (dative singular)
tapetēm (dative plural)
tapeti (instrumental singular)
tapetēm (instrumental plural)
tapetē (locative singular)
tapetēs (locative plural)
tapete (singular vocative)
tapetes (plural vocative)


ritenis

ritenis (nominative singular)
riteņi (nominative plural)
riteni (accusative singular)
riteņus (accusative plural)
riteņa (genitive singular)
riteņu (genitive plural)
ritenim (dative singular)
riteņiem (dative plural)
riteni (instrumental singular)
riteņiem (instrumental plural)
ritenī (locative singular)
riteņos (locative plural)
riteni (singular vocative)
riteņi (plural vocative)

ratu ritenis

vilciena riteņi

automobiļa ritenis

priekšējais, pakaļējais ritenis

riteņa spieķis, ass, loks

wheel (circular device that rotates on its axis)

pulksteņa gaitas ritenis

wheel (rotating circular element that transfers motion in a mechanism)

braukt ar riteni

bicycle (two-wheeled vehicle with pedals)


vējš

vējš (nominative singular)
vēji (nominative plural)
vēju (accusative singular)
vējus (accusative plural)
vēja (genitive singular)
vēju (genitive plural)
vējam (dative singular)
vējiem (dative plural)
vēju (instrumental singular)
vējiem (instrumental plural)
vējā (locative singular)
vējos (locative plural)
vēj (singular vocative)
vēji (plural vocative)

From an earlier (still dialectally attested) vējs, from Proto-Baltic *wēyas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁- “to blow, to extinguish,” with an extra -yo. There also was, from the same stem, a verb *vēt (“to blow”), of which causative-iterative forms still remain (vēdīt, vēdināt). Cognates include Lithuanian vė́jas, Sudovian wiis ([vijs] < *[vejs], “storm”), Old Church Slavonic вѣꙗти (vějati, “to blow”), Russian ве́ять (véjatʹ, “to blow, to winnow”), Bulgarian ве́е (vée, “to blow”), Czech váti (< *vějati), Polish wiać, Proto-Germanic *wēaną (Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌽 (waian), Old High German wājen, wāen, German wehen), Sanskrit वाति (vā́yati, “to disappear, to be erased”) (< “to blow (wind)”), वायु (vāyú, “wind, air”), वाति (vā́ti, “to blow”), वात (vā́ta, “wind”).

lēns vējš

vakara vējš, vakarvējš

viegls, mērens, stiprs vējš

brāzmains vējš

vēja ātrums

vēja virziens

ziemeļu, austrumu vējš

auksts, dzestrs, silts vējš

svelmains vējš

sauss, skaudrs vējš

vēja enerģija

vēja motors, ģenerators

vēja stikls, vējstikls

valdošais vējš

saules vējš

pa vējam

pret vēju

vējā lokēs koki

skrien kā vējš

ass vējš pūta, un jūra kauca un krāca visapkārt

a sharp wind was blowing, and the sea grumbled and howled all around

laiks turējās silts un bez vēja, rasa nenkrita ne dienu, ne nakti

the weather remained warm and without wind, there was no dew neither during the day nor during the night

wind (air in motion due to uneven atmospheric pressure)


sinagoga

sinagoga (nominative singular)
sinagogas (nominative plural)
sinagogu (accusative singular)
sinagogas (accusative plural)
sinagogas (genitive singular)
sinagogu (genitive plural)
sinagogai (dative singular)
sinagogām (dative plural)
sinagogu (instrumental singular)
sinagogām (instrumental plural)
sinagogā (locative singular)
sinagogās (locative plural)
sinagoga (singular vocative)
sinagogas (plural vocative)


bibliotēka

bibliotēka (nominative singular)
bibliotēkas (nominative plural)
bibliotēku (accusative singular)
bibliotēkas (accusative plural)
bibliotēkas (genitive singular)
bibliotēku (genitive plural)
bibliotēkai (dative singular)
bibliotēkām (dative plural)
bibliotēku (instrumental singular)
bibliotēkām (instrumental plural)
bibliotēkā (locative singular)
bibliotēkās (locative plural)
bibliotēka (singular vocative)
bibliotēkas (plural vocative)


lins

lins (nominative singular)
lini (nominative plural)
linu (accusative singular)
linus (accusative plural)
lina (genitive singular)
linu (genitive plural)
linam (dative singular)
liniem (dative plural)
linu (instrumental singular)
liniem (instrumental plural)
linā (locative singular)
linos (locative plural)
lin (singular vocative)
lini (plural vocative)

Possibly from Proto-Slavic *linъ of uncertain origin, see Russian линь (linʹ).

(rare) flax (usually used form of plural lini)


fjords

fjords (nominative singular)
fjordi (nominative plural)
fjordu (accusative singular)
fjordus (accusative plural)
fjorda (genitive singular)
fjordu (genitive plural)
fjordam (dative singular)
fjordiem (dative plural)
fjordu (instrumental singular)
fjordiem (instrumental plural)
fjordā (locative singular)
fjordos (locative plural)
fjord (singular vocative)
fjordi (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Norwegian fjord, from Old Norse fjǫrðr, from Proto-Germanic *ferþu, *ferþuz (“inlet, fjord”)


dieveris

brother-in-law (the brother of one's husband)


prāts

prāts (nominative singular)
prāti (nominative plural)
prātu (accusative singular)
prātus (accusative plural)
prāta (genitive singular)
prātu (genitive plural)
prātam (dative singular)
prātiem (dative plural)
prātu (instrumental singular)
prātiem (instrumental plural)
prātā (locative singular)
prātos (locative plural)
prāt (singular vocative)
prāti (plural vocative)


apziņa

apziņa (nominative singular)
apziņu (accusative singular)
apziņas (genitive singular)
apziņai (dative singular)
apziņu (instrumental singular)
apziņā (locative singular)
apziņa (singular vocative)

Nominal form of the stem of the verb apzināt, the original meaning of which was “to know, to perceive (something)”; apziņa was therefore initially “knowledge”. In the late 19th century, A. Kronvalds began using this word in the sense of "conviction", "understadning", "consciousness (of something)"; in the 1920s, it became accepted as a philosophy term, corresponding to Russian сознание (soznanije), German Bewusstsein.

apziņas attiecība pret esamību

the relation of consciousness to existence

Sečenovs pierādīja, ka cilvēka apziņa, viņa domas ir galvas smadzeņu darbības rezultāts

Sečenovs showed that human consciousness and thoughts are the result of brain activity

Augusta izmisums auga augumā, kamēr kļuva tik liels, ka nevarēja vairs ietverties viņa apziņā

Augusts' despair grew and grew, until it became so large that it could no longer be apprehended in his consciousness

(philosophy) consciousness (the capacity of the human brain to reflect objective reality)

apziņas traucējumi

vienu brīdi vēl iekrita prātā, ka visu šo dienu nemaz nav atcerējies tēvu... viņš gribēja sevi rāt un kaunināt, bet miegs aizvēra apziņas vārtus

at one point it occurred to him that during this whole day he had not even once thought of his father... he wanted to scold and shame himself, but sleep closed the doors of his consciousness

Rita aizmirsa, ka ir skolotāja, ka zēni trokšņo un ka vajadzētu tos savaldīt... viņa juta tikai bailes, lielas un nepārvaramas, it kā būtu apziņu zaudējusi

Rita forgot that she was a teacher, that the boys were making noise and that she would have to calm them down... she felt only fear, great, unsurmontable fear, as if she had lost her consciousness

consciousness, sense of reality (the ability to perceive aspects of reality and to react accordingly)

vainas apziņa

pārākuma apziņa

savas rīcības pareizuma apziņa

awareness of the correctness of one's actions

awareness, consciousness (belief, perception, awareness of something, opinion on something)

šķiras apziņa

pienākuma apziņa

Ļeņins mācīja partiju pacelt masu apziņu līdz avangarda apziņas līmenim

Lenin taught the (communist) party to raise the consciousness of the masses to the consciousness level of the avant-garde

strādnieka apziņas, strādnieka spītības, strādnieka lepnuma viņam nekad nav bijis, und bez tā strādnieks nav strādnieks

he had never had a worker's consciousness, obstinacy, and pride, and without that a worker is not a worker

consciousness, sense, conviction (conscientious, understanding attitude toward something)


kubs

kubs (nominative singular)
kubi (nominative plural)
kubu (accusative singular)
kubus (accusative plural)
kuba (genitive singular)
kubu (genitive plural)
kubam (dative singular)
kubiem (dative plural)
kubu (instrumental singular)
kubiem (instrumental plural)
kubā (locative singular)
kubos (locative plural)
kub (singular vocative)
kubi (plural vocative)


pirdiens

pirdiens (nominative singular)
pirdieni (nominative plural)
pirdienu (accusative singular)
pirdienus (accusative plural)
pirdiena (genitive singular)
pirdienu (genitive plural)
pirdienam (dative singular)
pirdieniem (dative plural)
pirdienu (instrumental singular)
pirdieniem (instrumental plural)
pirdienā (locative singular)
pirdienos (locative plural)
pirdien (singular vocative)
pirdieni (plural vocative)

(informal, vulgar) fart (emission of gases through one's anus)


viesnīca

viesnīca (nominative singular)
viesnīcas (nominative plural)
viesnīcu (accusative singular)
viesnīcas (accusative plural)
viesnīcas (genitive singular)
viesnīcu (genitive plural)
viesnīcai (dative singular)
viesnīcām (dative plural)
viesnīcu (instrumental singular)
viesnīcām (instrumental plural)
viesnīcā (locative singular)
viesnīcās (locative plural)
viesnīca (singular vocative)
viesnīcas (plural vocative)

From viesis (“guest”) + -nīca. A neologism coined in the 1870s by either Krišjānis Valdemārs or Fricis Brīvzemnieks in 1872, originally in the form viesnīce; the modern form appeared later in the same decade and soon became popular. It has replaced previously used expressions like viesu nams and gastūzis (a borrowing from German).

grezna viesnīca

slavena viesnīca

apmesties viesnīcā

dzīvot viesnīcā

hotel (establishment that provides accommodation for paying guests)


darbs

darbs (nominative singular)
darbi (nominative plural)
darbu (accusative singular)
darbus (accusative plural)
darba (genitive singular)
darbu (genitive plural)
darbam (dative singular)
darbiem (dative plural)
darbu (instrumental singular)
darbiem (instrumental plural)
darbā (locative singular)
darbos (locative plural)
darb (singular vocative)
darbi (plural vocative)

According to Derksen, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰr̥Hbʰ-, a zero-grade of *(s)dʰerHbʰ- (“to exert force”). Cognate with dir̂bt (“to walk fast”), Lithuanian dìrbti (“to work”), Proto-Germanic *derbaną (“to work”).
An older theory by Karulis derives the term from Proto-Baltic *darbas, from Proto-Indo-European *der-, *dar- (“to tear, to split”). In this analysis, the original meaning was, according to some researchers, “till, plow” (compare Russian дерба́ (derbá, “breaking; newly ploughed field”); the object of this work is Old Norse torf, torfa (“turf, sod, peat”), German Torf (“peat”), English turf, which has the same origin as Russian дёрн (djorn, “sod, turf”)) or, according to others, “wicker-work, wattling, weaving” (compare Belarusian до́раб (dórab, “basket”) (< Proto-Slavic *dorbь), даро́віць (daróvicʹ, “to bend”)). Cognates include Lithuanian dárbas.


zupa

zupa (nominative singular)
zupas (nominative plural)
zupu (accusative singular)
zupas (accusative plural)
zupas (genitive singular)
zupu (genitive plural)
zupai (dative singular)
zupām (dative plural)
zupu (instrumental singular)
zupām (instrumental plural)
zupā (locative singular)
zupās (locative plural)
zupa (singular vocative)
zupas (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Suppe, itself partly via French soupe, partly via Middle Low German sope, from Proto-Germanic *supô (compare also sūpen “to drink; to eat with a spoon,” German saufen “to drink; to booze”), ultimately from the same Proto-Indo-European stem (*seu-, *sū- “juice; moisture”) as the verb sūkt (“to suck”). This word was borrowed before the 17th century; it is first mentioned in writing in the 18th century (as zupe), but only in the 19th century did it become frequent. The modern form zupa also became dominant in the 19th century.

gaļas, dārzeņu, sēņu zupa

kāpostu, sakņu, piena zupa

ļoti garšīga zupa

veģetāra zupa

aukstās zupas

zupas kauss

zupas karotes

šovakar mums biešu zupa; te rudzu maize

tonight we have beet soup; here (is) the rye bread

soup (boiled liquid food, usually containing meat, fish, vegetables or cereal products)


pumpa

lv-noun

pumpa ? (^(???) please provide the declension type!)


laimi

accusative/instrumental singular of laime


golfs

golfs (nominative singular)
golfi (nominative plural)
golfu (accusative singular)
golfus (accusative plural)
golfa (genitive singular)
golfu (genitive plural)
golfam (dative singular)
golfiem (dative plural)
golfu (instrumental singular)
golfiem (instrumental plural)
golfā (locative singular)
golfos (locative plural)
golf (singular vocative)
golfi (plural vocative)


inspiratore

inspiratore (nominative singular)
inspiratores (nominative plural)
inspiratori (accusative singular)
inspiratores (accusative plural)
inspiratores (genitive singular)
inspiratoru (genitive plural)
inspiratorei (dative singular)
inspiratorēm (dative plural)
inspiratori (instrumental singular)
inspiratorēm (instrumental plural)
inspiratorē (locative singular)
inspiratorēs (locative plural)
inspiratore (singular vocative)
inspiratores (plural vocative)

From inspirators (“inspirer, inciter”) + -e (“fem.”).

suffix

Maskavas un Jelgavas sadraudzības inspiratore ir Maskavas mēra sieva

the inspirer of the twinning of Moscow and Jelgava is the Moscow mayor's wife


inspiratori

nominative/vocative plural of inspirators

accusative/instrumental singular of inspiratore


laka

laka (nominative singular)
lakas (nominative plural)
laku (accusative singular)
lakas (accusative plural)
lakas (genitive singular)
laku (genitive plural)
lakai (dative singular)
lakām (dative plural)
laku (instrumental singular)
lakām (instrumental plural)
lakā (locative singular)
lakās (locative plural)
laka (singular vocative)
lakas (plural vocative)


vilks

vilks (nominative singular)
vilki (nominative plural)
vilku (accusative singular)
vilkus (accusative plural)
vilka (genitive singular)
vilku (genitive plural)
vilkam (dative singular)
vilkiem (dative plural)
vilku (instrumental singular)
vilkiem (instrumental plural)
vilkā (locative singular)
vilkos (locative plural)
vilk (singular vocative)
vilki (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wilkás, from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos. The word would originally have been a descriptive nickname ('the killer, the plunderer, the destroyer'), the original name having perhaps become a taboo word. Note that similarly formed nicknames for “wolf” still occur in modern Latvian: pelēcis (“gray one”), mežainis (“forest one”), mežavīrs (“forest man”), vecbrālis (“old brother”), etc.

pelēkais vilks

vilka midzenis

vilku bars

vilks gaudo, kauc

vilku kaucieni

medīt vilkus

izsalcis kā vilks


saules

inflection of saule:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


krevele

krevele (nominative singular)
kreveles (nominative plural)
kreveli (accusative singular)
kreveles (accusative plural)
kreveles (genitive singular)
kreveļu (genitive plural)
krevelei (dative singular)
krevelēm (dative plural)
kreveli (instrumental singular)
krevelēm (instrumental plural)
krevelē (locative singular)
krevelēs (locative plural)
krevele (singular vocative)
kreveles (plural vocative)


ezis

ezis (nominative singular)
eži (nominative plural)
ezi (accusative singular)
ežus (accusative plural)
eža (genitive singular)
ežu (genitive plural)
ezim (dative singular)
ežiem (dative plural)
ezi (instrumental singular)
ežiem (instrumental plural)
ezī (locative singular)
ežos (locative plural)
ezi (singular vocative)
eži (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *ežis, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *eźis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰis (“hedgehog”), perhaps from eǵʰi-no-s “one that deals with snakes” > “snake-eater”.
Cognates include Lithuanian ežỹs, regional ẽżis, Proto-Slavic *ežь (Russian ёж (jož), Ukrainian dialectal ож (ož), Bulgarian еж (ež), Czech regional jež, Polish jeż), Old High German igil (< *eǵʰil-), Middle Low German egel, German Igel), Ancient Greek ἐχῖνος (ekhînos), Old Armenian ոզնի (ozni).

eža adatas

ass kā ezis


planēta

planēta (nominative singular)
planētas (nominative plural)
planētu (accusative singular)
planētas (accusative plural)
planētas (genitive singular)
planētu (genitive plural)
planētai (dative singular)
planētām (dative plural)
planētu (instrumental singular)
planētām (instrumental plural)
planētā (locative singular)
planētās (locative plural)
planēta (singular vocative)
planētas (plural vocative)


zvaigzne

zvaigzne (nominative singular)
zvaigznes (nominative plural)
zvaigzni (accusative singular)
zvaigznes (accusative plural)
zvaigznes (genitive singular)
zvaigžņu (genitive plural)
zvaigznei (dative singular)
zvaigznēm (dative plural)
zvaigzni (instrumental singular)
zvaigznēm (instrumental plural)
zvaigznē (locative singular)
zvaigznēs (locative plural)
zvaigzne (singular vocative)
zvaigznes (plural vocative)

From an older *zvaigzde (via an intermediate form *zvaigzdne), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źwaisdā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰweygʷ-, *ǵʰwoygʷ- (“shine; to shine”), from *ǵʰwey-, *ǵʰey- (“to shine”) with an extra gʷ. Cognates include Lithuanian žvaigždė̃, Proto-Slavic *gvězda (Old Church Slavonic звѣзда (zvězda), Russian звезда́ (zvezdá), Belarusian звязда́ (zvjazdá), Ukrainian звізда́ (zvizdá), Czech hvězda, Polish gwiazda.

spožas zvaigznes

divkāršā, dvīņu zvaigzne

vairākkārtīga zvaigzne

primā lieluma zvaigzne

rīta, vakara zvaigzne

krītoša zvaigzne

mūsu zvaigžņu sistēma - Galaktika - izveidojās pirms 10-15 miljardiem gadu

our star system - the Galaxy (= Milky Way) - was formed 10-15 billion years ago

(astronomy) star (celestial body mostly composed of light gases that radiates light)

piecstūru zvaigzne

Triju Zvaigžņu ordenis

jūras zvaigzne, jūraszvaigzne starfish (lit. sea star)

(geometry) star (object, drawing, geometric shape formed by regularly spaced points or protrusions)

baleta, teātra zvaigzne

kino zvaigzne, kinozvaigzne, filmu zvaigzne

sporta zvaigzne

vecos laikos nereti gadījās, ka, aizstājot kādu saslimušu premjeru vai primadonnu, pēkšņi uzausa mākslā jauna zvaigzne

in the old days it often happened that a new star dawned in (the performing) arts by replacing a sick actor or prima donna

(of people) star, celebrity (a famous, outstandingly talented person in a certain area, especially in the performing arts)


spainis

spainis (nominative singular)
spaiņi (nominative plural)
spaini (accusative singular)
spaiņus (accusative plural)
spaiņa (genitive singular)
spaiņu (genitive plural)
spainim (dative singular)
spaiņiem (dative plural)
spaini (instrumental singular)
spaiņiem (instrumental plural)
spainī (locative singular)
spaiņos (locative plural)
spaini (singular vocative)
spaiņi (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle Low German span (“wooden bucket”), likely from the same ultimate source as English span, similar to Swedish spann (“pail, bucket”).
This generated the dialectal form spanis, spannis; in Kurzeme, also *spandis > spaņģis (with ģ probably from genitive *spandya); compare Lithuanian dialectal forms spandis, spañgis (possibly borrowings from Kurzeme dialects).
Two explanations have been proposed for the irregular ai (instead of an(n)) in the literary form:
* influence from dialectal (Kurzeme) *spainis, a variant of spailis, spails (“set of fishing equipment”), at first in Kurzeme, and later on spreading to other dialects; or a contamination between an earlier form *span(n)is and Livonian pàynal (“wooden round container”),
* or its Ewe dialectal synonym paenas, paenal.
The borrowing is first mentioned as spanis, spannis in 17th-century dictionaries; by the end of that century, the variant spainis is also attested. In the first Bible translations one finds spaņģis. The literary form spainis progressed slowly: in the 19th century, J. Alunāns still used spannis, spanis; in dictionaries from the 1870s and 1880s, spainis was only a variant. Only at the beginning of the 20th century did spainis begin to dominate, when spannis, spanis was perceived (and avoided) as a Germanism.

cog

piena spainis

emaljēts spainis

nest ūdeni ar spaiņiem

koka, alumīnija, plastmasas spainis

bucket, pail (cylindrical metal, wooden, or plastic container with a handle)


sauli

accusative/instrumental singular of saule


jūgs

jūgs (nominative singular)
jūgi (nominative plural)
jūgu (accusative singular)
jūgus (accusative plural)
jūga (genitive singular)
jūgu (genitive plural)
jūgam (dative singular)
jūgiem (dative plural)
jūgu (instrumental singular)
jūgiem (instrumental plural)
jūgā (locative singular)
jūgos (locative plural)
jūg (singular vocative)
jūgi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *jū́ˀga, from Proto-Indo-European *yugóm. Compare Lithuanian jùngas.


paduse

paduse (nominative singular)
paduses (nominative plural)
padusi (accusative singular)
paduses (accusative plural)
paduses (genitive singular)
padušu (genitive plural)
padusei (dative singular)
padusēm (dative plural)
padusi (instrumental singular)
padusēm (instrumental plural)
padusē (locative singular)
padusēs (locative plural)
paduse (singular vocative)
paduses (plural vocative)

From pa- + an older term *dusa (“arm, shoulder”) (maybe *dusis?), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *dus-, from the zero grade *dus- of Proto-Indo-European *dóws (“arm”) (whence Sanskrit दोषान् (doṣán-), दो (do, “arm, forearm”), Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬊𐬱- (daoš-, “upper arm, shoulder”)). Cognates include Old Church Slavonic пазуха (pazuxa), Belarusian, Ukrainian and Russian па́зуха (pázuxa), Czech, Polish pazucha.

paduses artērija

turēt ko padusē

likt, ielikt termometru padusē

to set a thermometer into someone's armpit

(anatomy) armpit (cavity beneath the junction of arm and shoulder)

lapu paduses

(botany) space under a stem or (forked) branch


murgi

murgi (nominative plural)
murgus (accusative plural)
murgu (genitive plural)
murgiem (dative plural)
murgiem (instrumental plural)
murgos (locative plural)
murgi (plural vocative)


čība

čība (nominative singular)
čības (nominative plural)
čību (accusative singular)
čības (accusative plural)
čības (genitive singular)
čību (genitive plural)
čībai (dative singular)
čībām (dative plural)
čību (instrumental singular)
čībām (instrumental plural)
čībā (locative singular)
čībās (locative plural)
čība (singular vocative)
čības (plural vocative)

ādas, drēbes čības

tamborētas čības

siltas čības

vingrošanas čības

staigāt čībās

(usually in the plural) slipper (low, soft shoe easily slipped in and out, intended for indoors use)


piere

piere (nominative singular)
pieres (nominative plural)
pieri (accusative singular)
pieres (accusative plural)
pieres (genitive singular)
pieru (genitive plural)
pierei (dative singular)
pierēm (dative plural)
pieri (instrumental singular)
pierēm (instrumental plural)
pierē (locative singular)
pierēs (locative plural)
piere (singular vocative)
pieres (plural vocative)

From an earlier *priere ( > piere by dissimilation), from *prie (“in front of, ahead of”). The meaning change, “in front of” > “forehead,” is similar to the evolution of the English term (compare fore).

augsta, zema piere

plata, šaura piere

pieres kauls

noslaucīt sviedrus no pieres

(sa)raukt, (sa)raut, (sa)vilkt pieri

to frown (lit. to pull, tighten one's forehead)

(anatomy) forehead (part of the human face between the hair and the eyebrows)

ļoti laba jēru barība rudenī ir cukurbiešu lapas kopā ar biešu pierēm

very good food for lambs in the autumn is sugar beet leaves together with beet foreheads

(botany) a shrunk stem or trunk, on the surface of which leaves can grow

sijas piere

āmura piere

face of the hammerhead (lit. hammer's forehead)

kalna piere

(of mountains, hills, ravines) apex, top part

tēvs iesit akmenim pāra reizes pierē

father hit the stone a couple of times on its flat surface (lit. forehead)


ūdens

lv-noun

ūdens m (2nd declension, irregular nominative, genitive)

ūdens (nominative singular)
ūdeņi (nominative plural)
ūdeni (accusative singular)
ūdeņus (accusative plural)
ūdens (genitive singular)
ūdeņu (genitive plural)
ūdenim (dative singular)
ūdeņiem (dative plural)
ūdeni (instrumental singular)
ūdeņiem (instrumental plural)
ūdenī (locative singular)
ūdeņos (locative plural)
ūdeni (singular vocative)
ūdeņi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *ūden- (or perhaps from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wandō), from the r/n-heteroclitic Proto-Indo-European noun *wódr̥, *wédōr, itself from a stem *wed- (“to moisten”). In Latvian, only the n-form of the stem survived in ūdens, but the r-form can be seen in the related term ūdrs (“otter”). The lack of initial v in Latvian also suggests that a specific dialectal term was generalized: v-initial forms can still be found in geographic names (e.g. the river Vadakste, the word vads in its dialectal senses: creek, swampy forest, etc., and place names derived from it, like Mēnešvads, Alkšņa vads, etc.). Cognates include Lithuanian vanduõ, dialectal unduõ, únduo, Old Prussian unds m, wundan n, Proto-Slavic *voda (Old Church Slavonic, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian, Russian вода́ (vodá), Czech voda, Polish woda), Old Church Slavonic вѣдро (vědro, “small vessel”), Russian ведро́ (vedró, “bucket”), Ukrainian відро́ (vidró), Czech vědro, Polish wiadro, Proto-Germanic *watōr (Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍉 (watō), Old High German wazzar, German Wasser, English water, wet), Hittite wātar (< *wódr̥), Sanskrit उदन् (udán), Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr), Latin unda (“wave”) (from *udn- with metathesis).

cog

smagais ūdens

ūdens molekula

tīrs, skaidrs ūdens

dzeramais ūdens

duļķains ūdens

mīksts, ciets ūdens

vārīts, destilēts, gāzēts ūdens

jūras, upes, lietus ūdens

ūdens ceļš, ūdensceļš

saldūdens, sālsūdens

atmosfēras, augsnes ūdens

artēziskais ūdens

tējas, kafijas ūdens

tea, coffee water (i.e., boiled for tea, coffee)

svētais ūdens

ūdens saturs šķīdumā

ūdens lāse, strūkla

ūdens tvaiks

ūdens krājumi, resursi

ūdens apgāde

ūdens tek, plūst, pil

smelt, dzert, attīrīt ūdeni

ūdenī šķīstoša viela

mazgāties aukstā ūdenī

ūdens tilpe, ūdenstilpe

ūdens līmenis

virs, zem ūdens

ūdens nelaime

ūdens riņķojums dabā

water (transparent liquid substance formed by hydrogen and oxygen; H₂O)

virszemes, sauszemes ūdeņi

pazemes ūdeņi

groundwater, underground water (lit. waters)

ārstnieciskie ūdeņi

palu ūdeņi

termālie ūdeņi

(in the plural) waters (large amounts, large bodies of water)

zvejas ūdeņi

teritoriālie ūdeņi

iekšējie ūdeņi

starptautiskie ūdeņi

(in the plural) water (a body, bodies of water with a specific use, or belonging to a specific region or country)

ūdens terapija, diēta

ūdens dziednīca

ūdens apkure

ūdens turbīna

ūdens spainis, sūknis

ūdens pulkstenis

ūdens šķīdums

ūdens krāns

(genitive, used adjectivally) water, aquatic, aqua- (using, relating to water)

ūdens transports

ūdenssports

ūdensslēpes

ūdens polo

(genitive, used adjectivally) water, aquatic (relating to bodies of water)

ūdens augi, ūdensaugi

ūdens lilija, ūdens roze, ūdensroze

ūdens zāle, ūdenszāle

ūdens dzīvnieki, ūdensdzīvnieki

ūdens putni, ūdensputni

ūdens gliemji, kukaiņi

(genitive, used adjectivally) water, aquatic (which lives, is situated, in or near bodies of water, or in water-rich areas)

sejas ūdens

tualetes ūdens

(of cosmetic products) water (a water solution containing also alcohol, oils, herbal extracts)

ūdens gabals

piece of water (= contentless, excessively long text)

tu slauc pareizu pienu, bet, mīļā māt, tavas meitas dzied dziesmas, kam ūdens klāt!

you milk good milk, but, dear mother, your daughters sing songs that are covered with water

(colloquial, of texts, words) watery, uninteresting, boring; empty, meaningless


debess

debess (nominative singular)
debesis (nominative plural)
debesi (accusative singular)
debesis (accusative plural)
debess (genitive singular)
debesu (genitive plural)
debesij (dative singular)
debesīm (dative plural)
debesi (instrumental singular)
debesīm (instrumental plural)
debesī (locative singular)
debesīs (locative plural)
debess (singular vocative)
debesis (plural vocative)

(chiefly in the plural, theology) heaven, paradise

(chiefly in the plural, archaic) cloud (compare mākonis)


cirmenis

cirmenis (nominative singular)
cirmeņi (nominative plural)
cirmeni (accusative singular)
cirmeņus (accusative plural)
cirmeņa (genitive singular)
cirmeņu (genitive plural)
cirmenim (dative singular)
cirmeņiem (dative plural)
cirmeni (instrumental singular)
cirmeņiem (instrumental plural)
cirmenī (locative singular)
cirmeņos (locative plural)
cirmeni (singular vocative)
cirmeņi (plural vocative)

PIE word
 *kʷŕ̥mis
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kírmis, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷŕ̥mis. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *čьrvь, Lithuanian kirmis (“worm”).


sirds

sirds (nominative singular)
sirdis (nominative plural)
sirdi (accusative singular)
sirdis (accusative plural)
sirds (genitive singular)
siržu (genitive plural)
sirdij (dative singular)
sirdīm (dative plural)
sirdi (instrumental singular)
sirdīm (instrumental plural)
sirdī (locative singular)
sirdīs (locative plural)
sirds (singular vocative)
sirdis (plural vocative)

From older sirdis (attested in 17th-century texts), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *śḗr, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr.

sirds pukst

sirds sit

the heart is jumping (lit. beating, i.e., heavily)

sirds slimības

sirds pārsitieni

sirds mazspēja

sirds trokšņi

sirds zāles

sirds darbojas normāli

sirds ir mūsu galvenais orgāns

circulatory system
circulatory system#English

(anatomy) heart (the central organ of the circulatory system which causes the blood to flow through the blood vessels by means of rhythmic muscular contractions)

laba, draudzīga sirds

līdzjūtīga sirds

dedzīga, kvēla sirds

atsaucīga, godīga sirds

gaiša, viegla sirds

līksma sirds

smaga, grūta sirds

grūtsirdīga sirds

ļauna sirds

mātes, tēva sirds

sirds līksmo

aizkustināt sirdi

sirds noslēpums

viņam nav sirds

ai sirds! te maiga tu, te rāma, te nemierīga krūtīs tiec

oh, heart! here you are, gentle, calm, becoming restless in the chest

Līnai bija žēlīga un vāja sirds, kas spēja saslieties tikai liela izmisuma brīžos

Linai had a weak, compassionate heart that could straighten up only in times of despair

heart (the center of the human psyche, including emotions, character, personality, and their expression and manifestation)

galvaspilsēta ir zemes sirds

the capital city is the heart of the land

Ēvalds atvadījās no pilsētas centra, no diviem mēnešiem, kas bija aizvadīti šeit, pašā Rīgas sirdī

Ēvalds said farewell to the city center, to the two months that had been spent here, in the very heart of Riga

mašīnbūvi dēvē par mūsu industrijas sirdi

mechanical engineering is known as the heart of our industry

jūs abi bijāt pirmajā reisā un tagad esat komandas sirds un kodols

both of you were in the first trip and are now the heart and core of the team

heart (main, central, most important part)

piparkūku sirds

reiz ar pirmo lāpstas dūrienu izdevās atrast unikālu akmens laikmetā veidotu tumšsarkana dzintara sirdi

already with the first hit of the shovel they managed to find a unique Stone Age dark red amber heart

heart (an object or drawing having the shape of a heart, typically stylized as a cardioid)

sirds kalps

sirds dūzis

kapteinis sāka dalīt kārtis, un Vilks izklaidīgi ņēma tās pretī… tur bija viens kalps un trīs dāmas: krusta, kārava un sirds

the captain started dealing the cards, and Vilks absent-mindedly took them… there were three queens: clubs, diamonds, and hearts

(card games) hearts (one of the four suits of playing cards, marked with the symbol ♥)


pludmale

pludmale (nominative singular)
pludmales (nominative plural)
pludmali (accusative singular)
pludmales (accusative plural)
pludmales (genitive singular)
pludmaļu (genitive plural)
pludmalei (dative singular)
pludmalēm (dative plural)
pludmali (instrumental singular)
pludmalēm (instrumental plural)
pludmalē (locative singular)
pludmalēs (locative plural)
pludmale (singular vocative)
pludmales (plural vocative)

Apparently from plūst (“to flow (past stem plūd-)”) + male (“side?”), the latter being apparently a variant of mala (“side, shore”).

compound

to flow <small>(past stem plūd-</small>)

smilšaina pludmale

oļaina pludmale

saulaina pludmale

kūrorta labiekārtota pludmale

pludmales volejbols

nonākuši pludmalē, bērni redz okeānu

arriving at the beach, the children see the ocean

beach (seashore component, usually consisting of sand or pebbles, formed by the action of the waters)


laivas

inflection of laiva:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


abats

lv-noun

abats m (1st declension, feminine form: abate)

abate (feminine)
abats (nominative singular)
abati (nominative plural)
abatu (accusative singular)
abatus (accusative plural)
abata (genitive singular)
abatu (genitive plural)
abatam (dative singular)
abatiem (dative plural)
abatu (instrumental singular)
abatiem (instrumental plural)
abatā (locative singular)
abatos (locative plural)
abat (singular vocative)
abati (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin abbās (“father”), from Ancient Greek ἀββᾶς (abbâs), from Aramaic אבא (’abbā, “father”).

abats ir Romas katoļu baznīcas goda tituls

abbot is an honorific title of the Roman Catholic church

abats nēsā mitru un gana zizli

the abbot carries a mitre (hat) and a shepherd's staff

abbot (the (male) leader of a Catholic abbey or monastery)


dienas

inflection of diena:
nominative/accusative/vocative plural


latvis

latvis m (2nd declension, feminine form: latve)

latve (feminine)
latvis (nominative singular)
latvji (nominative plural)
latvi (accusative singular)
latvjus (accusative plural)
latvja (genitive singular)
latvju (genitive plural)
latvim (dative singular)
latvjiem (dative plural)
latvi (instrumental singular)
latvjiem (instrumental plural)
latvī (locative singular)
latvjos (locative plural)
latvi (singular vocative)
latvji (plural vocative)

Presumably from earlier *latuvis or *latavis, apparently from a proper name *Latuva or *Latava, applying to some region or river (cf. similar river names in Lithuania: Latavà, Latuvà, also Lãtupis. The initial element Lat-, also found in latgalis (“Latgalian”), may itself have come from an old river name *Lata, perhaps from Proto-Baltic *lat-, from Proto-Indo-European *lat-, *let-, *lot- (“to flow”), reflected in Old Irish laith (“liquid; ale, liquor”) (< *lati), lathach (“silt, mud”) (< *latàkā), Old Norse leþja (“clay; dregs, sludge”), Old High German letto (“clay”), and perhaps Ancient Greek λάταξ (látax, “drop”).
There are other river and lake names in Europe with a possibly related element lat-, let- in them (Letes, Late, Latupi, Lator patak, Latorica, Lataná). The term latvis, mentioned since the 17th century, was in principle replaced by latvietis already in the 19th century, but was reintroduced into the standard language from poetry. Cognates include Lithuanian lãtvis, Russian латыш (latyš), Polish Łotysz, German Lette, English Lett, Estonian läti, Finnish lätti.

a (male) Latvian, a Lett; a member of the Latvian ethnic group

latvju dainas

latvju zeme

latvju strēlnieki

(genitive plural): Latvian, pertaining to Latvia and its people


ābele

ābele (nominative singular)
ābeles (nominative plural)
ābeli (accusative singular)
ābeles (accusative plural)
ābeles (genitive singular)
ābeļu (genitive plural)
ābelei (dative singular)
ābelēm (dative plural)
ābeli (instrumental singular)
ābelēm (instrumental plural)
ābelē (locative singular)
ābelēs (locative plural)
ābele (singular vocative)
ābeles (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *ābōl, genitive *ābeles (from this paradigm, the two forms ābols (“apple”) and ābele (“apple tree”) were later differentiated), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébl̥, *h₂ebōl, a word which some consider a borrowing from some pre-Indo-European language. Cognates include Lithuanian obelìs, Old Prussian wobelne, Proto-Slavic *ablonь, *abolnь (Ukrainian я́блінь (jáblinʹ), Russian я́блоня (jáblonja), Belarusian я́бланя (jáblanja), Bulgarian ябла́н (jablán), абла́н (ablán), Czech jabloň, Polish jabłoń).

stādīt, kopt ābeles

ābele ziedos

ābele pilna ar āboliem

ābeļu sugas

galva balta kā ābele

head as white as an apple tree(= gray hair)


boru

accusative/instrumental singular of bors


diegs

diegs (nominative singular)
diegi (nominative plural)
diegu (accusative singular)
diegus (accusative plural)
diega (genitive singular)
diegu (genitive plural)
diegam (dative singular)
diegiem (dative plural)
diegu (instrumental singular)
diegiem (instrumental plural)
diegā (locative singular)
diegos (locative plural)
dieg (singular vocative)
diegi (plural vocative)


bronza

bronza (nominative singular)
bronzas (nominative plural)
bronzu (accusative singular)
bronzas (accusative plural)
bronzas (genitive singular)
bronzu (genitive plural)
bronzai (dative singular)
bronzām (dative plural)
bronzu (instrumental singular)
bronzām (instrumental plural)
bronzā (locative singular)
bronzās (locative plural)
bronza (singular vocative)
bronzas (plural vocative)


circenis

circenis (nominative singular)
circeņi (nominative plural)
circeni (accusative singular)
circeņus (accusative plural)
circeņa (genitive singular)
circeņu (genitive plural)
circenim (dative singular)
circeņiem (dative plural)
circeni (instrumental singular)
circeņiem (instrumental plural)
circenī (locative singular)
circeņos (locative plural)
circeni (singular vocative)
circeņi (plural vocative)

Apparently derived with -enis from a no longer extant noun stem.


sniegs

sniegs (nominative singular)
sniegi (nominative plural)
sniegu (accusative singular)
sniegus (accusative plural)
sniega (genitive singular)
sniegu (genitive plural)
sniegam (dative singular)
sniegiem (dative plural)
sniegu (instrumental singular)
sniegiem (instrumental plural)
sniegā (locative singular)
sniegos (locative plural)
snieg (singular vocative)
sniegi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *snáigas (> Latvian *snaigs, which, under the influence of forms of the verb snigt (“to snow”), became sniegs; compare Lithuanian snaĩgė (“snowflake”), still with the original ai), from Proto-Indo-European *snóygʷʰos.

sniegs snieg

sniega pārslas, kristāli

sniega ūdens, sniegūdens

sniega vīrs, sniegavīrs

sniega vētra

smalks, dziļš, irdens sniegs

slapjš, sauss, irdens sniegs

sniega kupena

sniegs sāk kust

sniega lāpsta

tīrīt sniegu no ceļa

balts kā sniegs

snow (frozen water that falls as precipitation)


vīrs

vīrs (nominative singular)
vīri (nominative plural)
vīru (accusative singular)
vīrus (accusative plural)
vīra (genitive singular)
vīru (genitive plural)
vīram (dative singular)
vīriem (dative plural)
vīru (instrumental singular)
vīriem (instrumental plural)
vīrā (locative singular)
vīros (locative plural)
vīrs (singular vocative)
vīri (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wī́ˀras, from Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós “man” < “strong one”, from the stem *weyh₁- (“to go, move in a straight direction; to be strong”) (cf. Latin vīs (“strength”)). Cognates include Lithuanian výras, Old Prussian wijrs, wirs, Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂 (wair), Old High German wer, Old Norse verr, Old Irish fer, Sanskrit वीर (vīrá), Avestan 𐬬𐬌𐬭𐬀 (vira), 𐬬𐬍𐬭𐬀 (vīra), Latin vir.

vīrs un sieva

gādīgs vīrs

saticīgs vīrs

dzērājs vīrs

vīra māsa

vīra radi

ņemt vīru

iziet pie vīra

tāds veikls un smuks puisis, un krietns... laimīga tā meita, kas viņu reiz dabūs par vīru

such a neat and handsome guy, and honest... happy (is) the woman who will get him as a husband

husband (a married man, in reference to his wife)

pusmūža vīrs

stalts vīrs

omulīgs vīrs

lāga vīrs

spēka vīrs

goda vīrs

īsts vīrs

vīru koris, vīriešu koris

sardzes vīrs

darba vīrs

karavīrs

ugunsdzēsēju komandas vīri

fire-brigade men (= firemen, firefighters)

(in combination with a word describing an occupation) a man who works, deals with something


kultūras

inflection of kultūra:
genitive singular

inflection of kultūra:
nominative/accusative/vocative plural


kultūra

kultūra (nominative singular)
kultūras (nominative plural)
kultūru (accusative singular)
kultūras (accusative plural)
kultūras (genitive singular)
kultūru (genitive plural)
kultūrai (dative singular)
kultūrām (dative plural)
kultūru (instrumental singular)
kultūrām (instrumental plural)
kultūrā (locative singular)
kultūrās (locative plural)
kultūra (singular vocative)
kultūras (plural vocative)


daiktu

inflection of daikts:
accusative/instrumental singular


valdi

accusative/instrumental singular of valde


kovārnis

kovārnis (nominative singular)
kovārņi (nominative plural)
kovārni (accusative singular)
kovārņus (accusative plural)
kovārņa (genitive singular)
kovārņu (genitive plural)
kovārnim (dative singular)
kovārņiem (dative plural)
kovārni (instrumental singular)
kovārņiem (instrumental plural)
kovārnī (locative singular)
kovārņos (locative plural)
kovārni (singular vocative)
kovārņi (plural vocative)


helikopters

helikopters (nominative singular)
helikopteri (nominative plural)
helikopteru (accusative singular)
helikopterus (accusative plural)
helikoptera (genitive singular)
helikopteru (genitive plural)
helikopteram (dative singular)
helikopteriem (dative plural)
helikopteru (instrumental singular)
helikopteriem (instrumental plural)
helikopterā (locative singular)
helikopteros (locative plural)
helikopter (singular vocative)
helikopteri (plural vocative)

From French hélicoptère, from Ancient Greek ἕλιξ (hélix, “spiral”) + πτερόν (pterón, “wing”).

reaktīvais helikopters

kombinētais helikopters

virs maģistrālēm, pa kurām jo sevišķi liela transporta kustība, kursēs helikopters ar Valsts autoinspekcijas pārstāvjiem

above the main roads, on which there was a lot of traffic (lit. transportation movement), the helicopter with the government (traffic) inspectors followed its route

helicopter (aircraft that flies with one or more sets of long rotating blades)


putns

putns (nominative singular)
putni (nominative plural)
putnu (accusative singular)
putnus (accusative plural)
putna (genitive singular)
putnu (genitive plural)
putnam (dative singular)
putniem (dative plural)
putnu (instrumental singular)
putniem (instrumental plural)
putnā (locative singular)
putnos (locative plural)
putns (singular vocative)
putni (plural vocative)

Disputed:
Traditionally derived from Proto-Baltic *putnas, a morphological variant of *putā- (originally “young bird”), from Proto-Indo-European *pōw-t-, *pu(h₂)-t- (“small one, baby”), from or akin to the root *pe(h₂)w- (“little”). Another possibility is that the original stem was *pawt- (“to father”), with Latvian pauts (“testicle”) (dialectally also “egg”) as a direct reflex; from the zero grade form *put- > putns (perhaps with the suffix -ens); in this respect, cf. Sudovian paud (“bird”). For these hypotheses, cognates include Lithuanian putýtis (“chick”), paũkštis (“bird”), Old Church Slavonic пътица (pŭtica), Russian пти́ца (ptíca), Sanskrit पोत (póta, “young animal, offspring”), पुत्र (putrá, “son, child”), Ancient Greek πῶλος (pôlos, “foal”), Latin puer (“child, boy”). Neither hypothesis, however, completely explains the form of this word.
A more recent suggestion is Proto-Indo-European *pet-, *peth₂- (“to jump, to fly, to fall”), from which Old Irish ēn (“bird”) (< *pet-no-), German Feder (“feather”) (< *pet-er-), Hittite 𒁁𒋻 (pát-tar, “wing”), Sanskrit पतति (patati, “to fly, to fall”), Ancient Greek πέτομαι (pétomai, “to fly”), πτερόν (pterón, “wing”), Latin penna (“feather”) (< *pet-na). From *pét-r-, *pet-n-és > *ptér-, *pten-és, where an epenthetic -u- would lead to *putne-, *puten- (cf. dialectal diminutive puteniņš with e), from which putns.

cog

sauszemes, ūdens putns

jūras, meža putns

nakts putns

caurceļotāji putns

putnu pārceļošana, migrācija

putnu spalvas, knābis

putnu olas, ligzda

putnu dziesmas

putnu mēdības

putnu gaļa

putnu kūts

putnu biedēklis

ceļotāji, gāju putni, gājputni

ziemotāji putni

mājas putni, mājputni

putnu mēris

izēdināt putnus spēkbarību un graudus

bird (vertebrate animal of the class Aves, covered with feathers, with wings and often capable of flying)


vieses

inflection of viese:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


viese

viese (nominative singular)
vieses (nominative plural)
viesi (accusative singular)
vieses (accusative plural)
vieses (genitive singular)
viesu (genitive plural)
viesei (dative singular)
viesēm (dative plural)
viesi (instrumental singular)
viesēm (instrumental plural)
viesē (locative singular)
viesēs (locative plural)
viese (singular vocative)
vieses (plural vocative)

From viesis (“guest, visitor”) + -e (“fem.”).

ārzemju vieses


kinoja

kinoja (nominative singular)
kinojas (nominative plural)
kinoju (accusative singular)
kinojas (accusative plural)
kinojas (genitive singular)
kinoju (genitive plural)
kinojai (dative singular)
kinojām (dative plural)
kinoju (instrumental singular)
kinojām (instrumental plural)
kinojā (locative singular)
kinojās (locative plural)
kinoja (singular vocative)
kinojas (plural vocative)

Chenopodium quinoa
Chenopodium quinoa#Translingual

quinoa (a goosefoot (Chenopodium quinoa) native to the Andes and cultivated for its edible seeds.)


ērglis

ērglis (nominative singular)
ērgļi (nominative plural)
ērgli (accusative singular)
ērgļus (accusative plural)
ērgļa (genitive singular)
ērgļu (genitive plural)
ērglim (dative singular)
ērgļiem (dative plural)
ērgli (instrumental singular)
ērgļiem (instrumental plural)
ērglī (locative singular)
ērgļos (locative plural)
ērgli (singular vocative)
ērgļi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *erélis (“eagle”) (whence dialectal Latvian erelis, then *er(e)lis > *èrdlis > *èrglis > ērglis), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *arélis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃érō (“eagle”).
Cognates include Lithuanian erẽlis, regional arẽlis, Old Prussian arelie (corrected: arelis), Hittite 𒄩𒀀𒊏𒀸 (ḫāras, “eagle”), Proto-Slavic *orьlъ (Old Church Slavonic орьлъ (orĭlŭ), Russian орёл (orjól), Belarusian аро́л (aról), Ukrainian оре́л (orél), Bulgarian оре́л (orél), Czech orel, Slovak orol, Polish orzeł), Proto-Germanic *aran (Gothic 𐌰𐍂𐌰 (ara, “eagle”), Old High German arn, German Aar (poetic), Adler, Dutch adelaar (both from adel-are “noble eagle”), Danish ørn, Swedish örn, Old English earn), Ancient Greek ὄρνις (órnis, “bird”).

kalnu ērglis

klinšu ērglis

jūras ērglis

zivju ērglis

ērgļa acis, skatiens

eagle eyes, vision (i.e., very sharp eyes, vision)

eagle (large carnivorous birds in fam. Accipitridae, with hooked bill and keen vision)


itāļu valoda

itāļu valoda (nominative singular)
itāļu valodu (accusative singular)
itāļu valodas (genitive singular)
itāļu valodai (dative singular)
itāļu valodu (instrumental singular)
itāļu valodā (locative singular)
itāļu valoda (singular vocative)


puse

puse (nominative singular)
puses (nominative plural)
pusi (accusative singular)
puses (accusative plural)
puses (genitive singular)
pušu (genitive plural)
pusei (dative singular)
pusēm (dative plural)
pusi (instrumental singular)
pusēm (instrumental plural)
pusē (locative singular)
pusēs (locative plural)
puse (singular vocative)
puses (plural vocative)


zvirbulis

zvirbulis (nominative singular)
zvirbuļi (nominative plural)
zvirbuli (accusative singular)
zvirbuļus (accusative plural)
zvirbuļa (genitive singular)
zvirbuļu (genitive plural)
zvirbulim (dative singular)
zvirbuļiem (dative plural)
zvirbuli (instrumental singular)
zvirbuļiem (instrumental plural)
zvirbulī (locative singular)
zvirbuļos (locative plural)
zvirbuli (singular vocative)
zvirbuļi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *werb-, *werp- ( + -ulis; compare also vērpt (“to spin”)), from *wer- (“to turn, to twist, to bend”) (with an extra suffix -p, -b). The original meaning was a bird that turns and moves all the time. The initial z is either from an s-mobile, or the influence of some other term for this bird species (e.g., dialectal žīgurs, žvīgurs, žvingurs, apparently from the same stem as zviegt (“to neigh, to whinny”), q.v.). Cognates include Lithuanian žvìrblis, Old Church Slavonic врабии (vrabii), Russian воробе́й (vorobéj), Bulgarian врабе́ц (vrabéc), Czech vrabec, Polish wróbel.

mājas zvirbulis

sparrow (a number of bird species of the order Passeriformes, genus Passer)


daba

daba (nominative singular)
dabas (nominative plural)
dabu (accusative singular)
dabas (accusative plural)
dabas (genitive singular)
dabu (genitive plural)
dabai (dative singular)
dabām (dative plural)
dabu (instrumental singular)
dabām (instrumental plural)
dabā (locative singular)
dabās (locative plural)
daba (singular vocative)
dabas (plural vocative)

* From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dabāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₂ebʰ-o-s, from *dʰh₂ebʰ- (“to model, to fashion”).

cilvēka daba

dabas bagātības


zelts

zelts (nominative singular)
zeltu (accusative singular)
zelta (genitive singular)
zeltam (dative singular)
zeltu (instrumental singular)
zeltā (locative singular)
zelt (singular vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *želtas (“gold”), itself from *žel-t-, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“yellow; gleam; to shine”). (From a variant *gʰel-, *gʷʰel- comes dzeltens (“yellow”), which was also the original meaning of the adjectival form of zelts.) Cognates include dialectal Lithuanian želtas (“golden, blond”), Old Prussian sealtmeno (/zealtmeno/, “oriole (yellow bird)”) (from *zēltmeno), Proto-Slavic *zolto (Old Church Slavonic злато (zlato), Ukrainian зо́лото (zóloto), Belarusian зо́лата (zólata), Bulgarian злато́ (zlató), Czech zlato, Polish złoto), Sanskrit हरि (hari, “to be yellow, green”), Proto-Germanic *gulþą (Old Norse gull, Old High German gold, German Gold, Dutch goud, Swedish guld, English gold); compare also Persian زر (zar), Northern Kurdish zêrr.

cog

tīrradņa zelts

zelta rūda

zelta hlorīds

zelta monēta, gredzens, pulkstenis, medaļa

zelta dzeltens, zeltdzeltens

zelta zivtiņa

viņš ir zelts, ne cilvēks

zelta cilvkēs

zelta vārdi

zelta dzīve

zelta kāzas

golden anniversary (50th wedding anniversary)

golden (very good, top quality, the best of its kind)


panika

panika (nominative singular)
paniku (accusative singular)
panikas (genitive singular)
panikai (dative singular)
paniku (instrumental singular)
panikā (locative singular)
panika (singular vocative)


virsi

vocative/accusative/instrumental singular of virsis


balles

inflection of balle:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


vēstule

vēstule (nominative singular)
vēstules (nominative plural)
vēstuli (accusative singular)
vēstules (accusative plural)
vēstules (genitive singular)
vēstuļu (genitive plural)
vēstulei (dative singular)
vēstulēm (dative plural)
vēstuli (instrumental singular)
vēstulēm (instrumental plural)
vēstulē (locative singular)
vēstulēs (locative plural)
vēstule (singular vocative)
vēstules (plural vocative)

Coined by Atis Kronvalds in 1869, derived from vēstīt (“to herald, to announce”) (compare vēsts (“news”)). Its form was influenced by Ancient Greek ἐπιστολή (epistolḗ, “letter; command, commission; will”). Krovanlds proposed other related words (vēstulēties “to correspond, exchange letters,” and also vēstulēšanās, vēstulējums, vēstulība) which did not find acceptance. Before Kronvalds' vēstule, the concept of “letter” was expressed as (rakstīta) grāmata; the term breve (from Italian breve (“short writing”), from Latin brevis (“short”); compare German Brief), introduced by the journal Pēterburgas Avīzes (probably by J. Alunāns), did not find acceptance either.

privāta vēstule

oficiāla vēstule

mīlestības vēstule

atplēst vēstuli

ierakstīta, apdrošināta vēstule

atklāta vēstule

vēstules nosūtītājs, saņēmējs

letter (a written message for someone, especially if sent by mail)


malka

malka (nominative singular)
malkas (nominative plural)
malku (accusative singular)
malkas (accusative plural)
malkas (genitive singular)
malku (genitive plural)
malkai (dative singular)
malkām (dative plural)
malku (instrumental singular)
malkām (instrumental plural)
malkā (locative singular)
malkās (locative plural)
malka (singular vocative)
malkas (plural vocative)


koris

koris (nominative singular)
kori (nominative plural)
kori (accusative singular)
korus (accusative plural)
kora (genitive singular)
koru (genitive plural)
korim (dative singular)
koriem (dative plural)
kori (instrumental singular)
koriem (instrumental plural)
korī (locative singular)
koros (locative plural)
kori (singular vocative)
kori (plural vocative)


vēzis

vēzis (nominative singular)
vēži (nominative plural)
vēzi (accusative singular)
vēžus (accusative plural)
vēža (genitive singular)
vēžu (genitive plural)
vēzim (dative singular)
vēžiem (dative plural)
vēzi (instrumental singular)
vēžiem (instrumental plural)
vēzī (locative singular)
vēžos (locative plural)
vēzi (singular vocative)
vēži (plural vocative)

There are various opinions about the origin of this word. Some derive it from the verb vēzēt (“to swing quickly (from one side to the other)”), or from the verb vēzt (“to drag (sideways, back)”); others relate it to Lithuanian verb vóžti (“to shut, to cover”); others compare it to Sanskrit वाह्यकी (vāhyakī), वाहक (vāhaka, “some poisonous insect”). Cognates include Lithuanian vėžỹs.

jūras vēži

upes vēži

purva vēzis

sarkans kā vārīts vēzis

velkas kā vēzis

(it) drags itself like a crayfish (= slowly)

kuņģa, plaušu, krūts vēzis

vēža slimnieks

(medicine, pathology) cancer (disease characterized by uncontrolled cellular growth)

āboliņa vēzis

augļu koku vēzis

kartupeļu vēzis

(botany) plant disease characterized by growths on the trunk or roots


pūķis

pūķis (nominative singular)
pūķi (nominative plural)
pūķi (accusative singular)
pūķus (accusative plural)
pūķa (genitive singular)
pūķu (genitive plural)
pūķim (dative singular)
pūķiem (dative plural)
pūķi (instrumental singular)
pūķiem (instrumental plural)
pūķī (locative singular)
pūķos (locative plural)
pūķi (singular vocative)
pūķi (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old Norse púki (“demon, evil spirit”), from Proto-Germanic *pūkô; compare Swedish puke (“house spirit”).

naudas pūķis

mantas pūķis

(mythology, religion) in old Latvian mythology, a household spirit that could be bought, bred, or stolen, and protected the wealth of his owner

pūķis ar deviņām galvām

pūķa gads

the year of the dragon (Chinese calendar)

dragon, winged serpent (reptilian monster that spits fire and devours people and animals)

papīra pūķis

daudzplākšņu pūķi

kite (toy made usually of colored paper that flies in the air, and is controlled from below with a line)


krupis

krupis (nominative singular)
krupji (nominative plural)
krupi (accusative singular)
krupjus (accusative plural)
krupja (genitive singular)
krupju (genitive plural)
krupim (dative singular)
krupjiem (dative plural)
krupi (instrumental singular)
krupjiem (instrumental plural)
krupī (locative singular)
krupjos (locative plural)
krupi (singular vocative)
krupji (plural vocative)


pornogrāfija

pornogrāfija (nominative singular)
pornogrāfijas (nominative plural)
pornogrāfiju (accusative singular)
pornogrāfijas (accusative plural)
pornogrāfijas (genitive singular)
pornogrāfiju (genitive plural)
pornogrāfijai (dative singular)
pornogrāfijām (dative plural)
pornogrāfiju (instrumental singular)
pornogrāfijām (instrumental plural)
pornogrāfijā (locative singular)
pornogrāfijās (locative plural)
pornogrāfija (singular vocative)
pornogrāfijas (plural vocative)


miegs

miegs (nominative singular)
miegi (nominative plural)
miegu (accusative singular)
miegus (accusative plural)
miega (genitive singular)
miegu (genitive plural)
miegam (dative singular)
miegiem (dative plural)
miegu (instrumental singular)
miegiem (instrumental plural)
miegā (locative singular)
miegos (locative plural)
mieg (singular vocative)
miegi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *meyg- (Eastern Baltic *mieg-), from Proto-Indo-European *meygʰ-, from the stem *mey- (“to press, to hit”) with an extra -g(ʰ)- (whence also Latvian miegt “to press, to squeeze”). The original meaning was thus “closing, pressing together” (the eyelids), from which “sleep”. Cognates include Lithuanian miẽgas, miegóti (“to sleep”), Old Prussian enmigguns (“asleep”), meicte (“to sleep”), maiggun (“sleep (accusative)”), Old Church Slavonic помигати (pomigati, “to blink, to wink”), Russian мигать (migatʹ), мжить (mžitʹ, “to doze off, to take a nap”), Ukrainian мига́ти (myháty, “to blink, to wink”), Bulgarian ми́гам (mígam), Czech mihati, Polish migać.

salds, dziļš miegs

nakts, rīta miegs

hipnotiskais miegs

miega zāles

miega līdzeklis

miega traucējumi

iegrimt miegā

runāt miegā

aizdzīt miegu

tonakt man ilgi nenāca miegs

that night I couldn't fall asleep (lit. sleep didn't come to me) for a long time

sleep (the act or state of sleeping, of being asleep)


himna

himna (nominative singular)
himnas (nominative plural)
himnu (accusative singular)
himnas (accusative plural)
himnas (genitive singular)
himnu (genitive plural)
himnai (dative singular)
himnām (dative plural)
himnu (instrumental singular)
himnām (instrumental plural)
himnā (locative singular)
himnās (locative plural)
himna (singular vocative)
himnas (plural vocative)


vaine

vaine (nominative singular)
vaines (nominative plural)
vaini (accusative singular)
vaines (accusative plural)
vaines (genitive singular)
vaiņu (genitive plural)
vainei (dative singular)
vainēm (dative plural)
vaini (instrumental singular)
vainēm (instrumental plural)
vainē (locative singular)
vainēs (locative plural)
vaine (singular vocative)
vaines (plural vocative)


doku

inflection of doks:
accusative/instrumental singular


purs

purs (nominative singular)
puri (nominative plural)
puru (accusative singular)
purus (accusative plural)
pura (genitive singular)
puru (genitive plural)
puram (dative singular)
puriem (dative plural)
puru (instrumental singular)
puriem (instrumental plural)
purā (locative singular)
puros (locative plural)
pur (singular vocative)
puri (plural vocative)

(dialectal) swamp, bog, marsh, mire; alternative form of purvs


lustra

lustra (nominative singular)
lustras (nominative plural)
lustru (accusative singular)
lustras (accusative plural)
lustras (genitive singular)
lustru (genitive plural)
lustrai (dative singular)
lustrām (dative plural)
lustru (instrumental singular)
lustrām (instrumental plural)
lustrā (locative singular)
lustrās (locative plural)
lustra (singular vocative)
lustras (plural vocative)

Via other European languages (cf. e.g. French lustre), ultimately borrowed from Latin lustrō (“to purify; to make bright”).

bor

kristāla lustra

masīva lustra

senlaicīga lustra

ir saglabājušās 18. un 19. gadsimta lustras ar barokam tipisko risinājumu

(some) 18th- and 19th-century chandeliers have been preserved, with their typical baroque build

lai katra dzīvoklī būtu gaumīgas galda lampas, lustras, stāvlampas, rūpējas Rīgas apgaismes iekārtu rūpnīca

the Riga lighting equipment factory strives so that every apartment and house has tasteful table lamps, chandeliers and floor lamps

chandelier (illumination device that hangs from the ceiling and consists of several candle or light bulb holders)


ienaids

ienaids (nominative singular)
ienaidu (accusative singular)
ienaida (genitive singular)
ienaidam (dative singular)
ienaidu (instrumental singular)
ienaidā (locative singular)
ienaid (singular vocative)


nāve

nāve (nominative singular)
nāves (nominative plural)
nāvi (accusative singular)
nāves (accusative plural)
nāves (genitive singular)
nāvju (genitive plural)
nāvei (dative singular)
nāvēm (dative plural)
nāvi (instrumental singular)
nāvēm (instrumental plural)
nāvē (locative singular)
nāvēs (locative plural)
nāve (singular vocative)
nāves (plural vocative)

Originally an i-stem (*nāvis; compare dialectal nāvs) changed by analogy into a 5th-declension e-stem; from Proto-Balto-Slavic *nā́ˀwis, from Proto-Indo-European *neh₂wis, from the stem *neh₂w- (“death”). There is also a stem *néh₂us (“boat, ship”) (compare Latin navis, Ancient Greek ναῦς (naûs), Sanskrit नाव (nāva), Proto-Scythian *nā́w (“boat, ship”), Tajik нов (nov, “gutter”), Norwegian Bokmål nu (“hod, trough”). It is possible that these two *neh₂w-'s were originally one stem, with the meaning “timber, tree” (compare Sanskrit वन (vana, “timber, tree, forest”), apparently with metathesis of v and n), from which the meaning would change in two ways: on the one hand, “timber, tree” > “dug-out tree” > “boat, ship”, and, on the other hand, “timber, tree” > “tree stump, dead tree” > “dead body; death.”
Cognates include Lithuanian nõvis (“death”), nõvė (“slaughtering, killing; unknown disease; yoke; coercion”), Old Prussian nowis (“body, flesh”), Russian dialectal навей (navej), навь (navʹ), навье (navʹje, “corpse, dead body”), Czech archaic nav (“tomb, hell, beyond”), Gothic 𐌽𐌰𐌿𐍃 (naus, “dead body, corpse”), genitive 𐌽𐌰𐍅𐌹𐍃 (nawis), Breton naoun (“hunger”) (< Proto-Celtic *nāunyā).

cog

dzīvības un nāves jautājums

atra, drīza nāve

viegla nāve

mokpilna nāve

dabiska, pēkšņa nāve

klīniska nāve

bada nāve

nāves diena, brīdis

sodīt ar nāvi

piespriest nāvi

nāves sods, nāvessods

izglābties no (drošas) nāves

mirt varoņa nāve

mirt traģiskā nāvē

līdz nāvei

dzīvības un nāves dialektiskā vienība

galvenie nāves cēloņi ir asinsrites orgānu slimības, ļaundabīgie audzēji un nelaimes gadījumi

the main causes of death are circulatory system diseases, cancers and accidents


kritika

kritika (nominative singular)
kritikas (nominative plural)
kritiku (accusative singular)
kritikas (accusative plural)
kritikas (genitive singular)
kritiku (genitive plural)
kritikai (dative singular)
kritikām (dative plural)
kritiku (instrumental singular)
kritikām (instrumental plural)
kritikā (locative singular)
kritikās (locative plural)
kritika (singular vocative)
kritikas (plural vocative)


pieri

accusative/instrumental singular of piere


tauta

tauta (nominative singular)
tautas (nominative plural)
tautu (accusative singular)
tautas (accusative plural)
tautas (genitive singular)
tautu (genitive plural)
tautai (dative singular)
tautām (dative plural)
tautu (instrumental singular)
tautām (instrumental plural)
tautā (locative singular)
tautās (locative plural)
tauta (singular vocative)
tautas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tawtā-, from Proto-Indo-European *towtā, an o-grade form of *tewtā-, *tewtéh₂ (“throng, multitude; people; land”), from the stem *tew- (“to swell”).
This word had several meanings in its history, often still found in folk tales: “(group of) foreigners,” “strangers,” “enemy tribe,” etc. (Compare Proto-Slavic *ťȗďь). In the 17th century, ļaudis, not tauta, was used in the sense of “people, nation.” In translations of German texts, (non-native) translators often used tauta to mean also “tribe,” “nation,” “(social) group” (compare German Geschlecht, Gattung), even “(animal or vegetal) species.” In the 19th century, the range of uses was narrowed, especially in the 1850s and 1860s with the first Latvian National Awakening, where the word tauta became associated with the idea of “nation” and was first used to refer to the Latvian people. It then stabilized with its current (political-ethnographic) meaning. Cognates include Lithuanian tautà, Sudovian taud (from *tauta), Old Prussian tauto (“land”), Proto-Germanic *þeudō (Gothic 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰 (þiuda), Old English þeod, Old High German diot, German deutsch, from *þiudiskaz), Old Irish túath (“people, tribe”), Oscan touto (“country, citizens, community”).

latviešu tauta

lietuviešu tauta

vācu tauta

tautas izcelšanās

tautas vēsture

tautu draudzība

kultūras tauta

tautas gars

national spirit (= cultural, spiritual, psychological specificity)

people, nation (historically formed group of people, usually having a common culture, language, and territory)

tautas daiļrade

tautas māksla

tautas teikas

tautas daiļamatniecība

tautas mūzika, dejas

tautas dziesma

tautas ticējumi

tautas ēdieni

tautas tērps

tautas eposs

tautas medicīna, ārstniecība

(in the genitive, used adjectivally) people's, popular, folk, national (that which is typical or traditional of a nation)

Latvijas tauta

tautas skaitīšana

people (group of inhabitants of a given area)

tautas izglītības sistēma

tautas fronte

(in the genitive, used adjectivally) popular, people's (that which was made by, is typical of, the people of a certain area; that which defends their interests)

mašīnā tagad tautas ir vairāk, visiem sēdvietu nepietiek

there are more people in the car now, there won't be enough sitting space for all

viņš gaida, kad sanāks vairāk tautas

he waited for (the time) when more people would come

tauta runā, ka tu institūtā tikpat kā neesot redzēts

people are saying that it's as if you haven't been seen at the institute (= that you haven't been there often enough)

people (a large number of individuals; people in general)

zvejnieki ir trūcīga tauta

mēs, mākslinieki, esam nelaimīga tauta

bērniem, bērniem vajag rakstīt! tā ir vispateicīgākā tauta

the children, the children must write! they are (lit. that is) the most promising, gratifying people

kaķi vispār ir tāda tauta, no kuras nezini, ko kurā brīdī sagaidīsi

cats in general are such a people, from which you don't know what and when to expect

(colloquial) people (a group of individuals with some specific characteristic feature)

tautu meita

(lit. daughter of the people) young woman from another region or family group

tautu dēls

(lit. son of the people) young man from another region or family group

(in folklore; usually plural) people from another region, family group, village


transparents

transparents (nominative singular)
transparenti (nominative plural)
transparentu (accusative singular)
transparentus (accusative plural)
transparenta (genitive singular)
transparentu (genitive plural)
transparentam (dative singular)
transparentiem (dative plural)
transparentu (instrumental singular)
transparentiem (instrumental plural)
transparentā (locative singular)
transparentos (locative plural)
transparent (singular vocative)
transparenti (plural vocative)

From the same source as the adjective transparents (see below), apparent from the kind of material used to make banners.

demonstrācijas transparenti

svētku dalībnieki izgājuši ielās ar karogiem un transparentiem

the celebration participants went out on the streets with flags and banners

uz lidostas frontona novietots transparents ar apsveikumu dārgajiem viesiem

at the airport entrance a banner was placed with greetings to the dear guests

banner (a large sign, made of cardboard or fabric, with an image or words)

a backlit image made of transparent material

vēstulpapīra bloks ar transparentu

letter paper with a transparent (= sheet of paper with lines to be placed under the letter paper when writing on it)

sheet of paper with lines, placed under paper without lines to ensure the straightness of the written lines


mežs

mežs (nominative singular)
meži (nominative plural)
mežu (accusative singular)
mežus (accusative plural)
meža (genitive singular)
mežu (genitive plural)
mežam (dative singular)
mežiem (dative plural)
mežu (instrumental singular)
mežiem (instrumental plural)
mežā (locative singular)
mežos (locative plural)
mežs (singular vocative)
meži (plural vocative)

From earlier *mežas (genitive *meža, also yielding *meža-s by analogy), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *medjas, from Proto-Indo-European *médʰyos (“middle; in-between”). The original meaning was “(that which is) in the middle, in-between” > “forest” (since long ago villages were like little islands between stretches of forest, “what is between (villages)” = “forest”). Cognates include Lithuanian mẽdis (“tree, wood”), dialectal mẽdžias (“tree, forest”), Old Prussian median (“forest”), Sudovian mejdo (“tree”) (< *mēdo), Proto-Slavic *meďa, *meďu (Russian межа́ (mežá, “balk, unplowed strip of land; border; (dial.) little forest”), ме́жду (méždu, “between, in-between”), Belarusian and Ukrainian межа́ (mežá, “balk; border; line”), Bulgarian межда́ (meždá), Czech mez, Polish miedza (“balk; border”)), Old Irish mide (“middle”), Gothic 𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌹𐍃 (midjis), Old High German mitti, German Mitte, English middle, Ancient Greek μέσος (mésos), Latin medius.

cog

priežu, egļu mežs

stādīt mežu

meža zemenes

meža zvēri

meža fauna, flora

meža pļava

meža klajums

meža cirtējs, mežcirtējs

meža ugunsgrēks

meža aizsardzība

mežā aug koki, krūmi un zem tiem dažādi sīki augi

in the forest trees and bushes grow, and under them (also) several (kinds of) small plants

forest (dense collection of trees and bushes on a stretch of land)


ministres

inflection of ministre:
genitive singular

inflection of ministre:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


olas

inflection of ola:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


vanna

vanna (nominative singular)
vannas (nominative plural)
vannu (accusative singular)
vannas (accusative plural)
vannas (genitive singular)
vannu (genitive plural)
vannai (dative singular)
vannām (dative plural)
vannu (instrumental singular)
vannām (instrumental plural)
vannā (locative singular)
vannās (locative plural)
vanna (singular vocative)
vannas (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle Low German wanne or Swedish vanna (cf. German Wanne), itself a borrowing from Latin vannus (“winnowing basket”). Such baskets were originally long and round; bathtubs were named after them due to the resemblance in form. The term is first mentioned in Latvian in 17th- and 18th-century dictionaries.

skārda vanna

ielaist vannā ūdeni

iekāpt vannā

veļas mazgājamā vanna

nesteidzoties atgriežu krānus, un vannā ar lielu troksni ieplūst silts ūdens

unhurriedly I open the tap, and the cold water flows noisily into the bathtub

bathtub, tub (large container for water in which a person may bathe or wash something)

elektrolītiska vanna

(technology) tub (a container for a certain material in liquid form to be worked on)

karsta vanna

skuju ekstrakta vanna

dūņu vannas

iet vannā

pirms gulētiešanas vēlama silta vanna, kas nomierina nervu sistēmu un uzlabo miegu

before going to bed, it is desirable (to take) a cold bath, which relaxes the nervous system and improves sleep

es ņemu ogļskābes vannas, lai drusku atpūtinātu savus nervus

I take carbonic acid baths in order to rest my nerves a little

bath (the act of bathing in a bathtub, especially for medicinal or therapeutic purposes)

es pēc brokastīm izģērbjos un uzkāpju uz komandtiltiņa ņemt saules vannas

after breakfast, I take off my clothes and go up to the bridge (of the boat) to take a sun bath

atpūtas korpusa jumta plakni sanatorijā varēs izmantot saules un gaisa vannām

the roof of the recreation building can be used for sun and air baths

bath (prolonged exposure of one's naked body or body part(s) to some medium, generally sun or air)


vasaru

inflection of vasara:
accusative/instrumental singular


vasaras

inflection of vasara:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


sapnis

sapnis (nominative singular)
sapņi (nominative plural)
sapni (accusative singular)
sapņus (accusative plural)
sapņa (genitive singular)
sapņu (genitive plural)
sapnim (dative singular)
sapņiem (dative plural)
sapni (instrumental singular)
sapņiem (instrumental plural)
sapnī (locative singular)
sapņos (locative plural)
sapni (singular vocative)
sapņi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *swápnas, from Proto-Indo-European *swépnos.

sapņa saturs

sapņa sižets

redzēt sapni

sapnis par laimi

pārvērst sapni par īstenību

jaunības sapņi

nepiepildāms sapnis

dream (a desire which one wishes to see come true)


poru

(dialectal) instrumental singular of pors


ziema

ziema (nominative singular)
ziemas (nominative plural)
ziemu (accusative singular)
ziemas (accusative plural)
ziemas (genitive singular)
ziemu (genitive plural)
ziemai (dative singular)
ziemām (dative plural)
ziemu (instrumental singular)
ziemām (instrumental plural)
ziemā (locative singular)
ziemās (locative plural)
ziema (singular vocative)
ziemas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéyōm.

auksta, barga ziema

maiga ziema

bezsniega ziema

iestājas ziema

ziemas vakars

nākamajā ziemā

dziļa ziema

ziemas saulgrieži

pēc garās ziemas, kas bija sākusies novembrī un vēl aprīlī negribēja aiziet, atnāca pavasaris, jo nav tādas ziemas, kurai reiz nesekotu pavasaris

after a long winter that had started in November and in April still didn't want to go, came spring, because there is no such thing as winter which is not followed by spring

Northern Hemisphere
Northern Hemisphere#English

winter (season of the year between autumn and spring, from December 23 to March 22 in the Northern Hemisphere, characterized by the lowest yearly temperatures)

Ziemassvētki

Christmas (lit. winter holiday, festival)

ziemas dārzs

winter garden (a room for plants in the house)

ziemas guļa

ziemas sports

ziemas olimpiskās spēles

ziemas mētelis

ziemas riepas

winter tires (for driving on snow or ice)

ziemas kvieši

winter wheat (sown in autumn, mature the next year)

ziemas āboli

winter apples (those that mature in autumn)

apaudzis biezu ziemas spalvu, suns izskatījās lielāks nekā toreiz, kad mežā to atstāja likteņā ziņā

having grown a thick winter fur, the dog looked bigger than the time when he was left to his fate in the forest

(in the genetive, used adjectivally) winter, typical of winter, used in winter


paradoksu

inflection of paradokss:
accusative/instrumental singular

inflection of paradokss:
genitive plural


pavasari

inflection of pavasaris:
nominative/vocative plural


lauva

lv-noun

lauva m or f (4th declension, irregular gender, dative singular)

gender (irregular)
lauva (nominative singular)
lauvas (nominative plural)
lauvu (accusative singular)
lauvas (accusative plural)
lauvas (genitive singular)
lauvu (genitive plural)
lauvam (dative singular)
lauvai (dative singular)
lauvām (dative plural)
lauvu (instrumental singular)
lauvām (instrumental plural)
lauvā (locative singular)
lauvās (locative plural)
lauva (singular vocative)
lauvas (plural vocative)

→ Livonian: louv

Borrowed from Middle High German louwe (cf. German Löwe), from Proto-Germanic *laujan, a borrowing from Latin leō. It has been suggested, on the basis of Lithuanian liū̃tas (“lion”), Russian лю́тый зверь (ljútyj zverʹ, “beast, lion”), that there was an earlier Slavo-Balto-Germanic term with the root *liu-; if so, this term was lost very early on in Latvian, replaced by the Middle High German borrowing. First mentioned (as lavis, lauve) in 17th-century Bible translations. A family name Louvis is attested from the 16th century.

cog

лю́тый зверь

lauvu mātīte, lauvene

dresēt lauvas

lauvas tiesa


vilna

(dialectal form) genitive singular of vilns


vilna

vilna (nominative singular)
vilnu (accusative singular)
vilnas (genitive singular)
vilnai (dative singular)
vilnu (instrumental singular)
vilnā (locative singular)
vilna (singular vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wílˀnāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂. Cognates include Lithuanian vìlna, Old Prussian wilna, wilnis (“skirt [< made of wool]”), Old East Slavic вълна (vŭlna), Russian dialectal во́лна (vólna, “wool, woolen fabric”), Belarusian во́ўна (vóŭna), Ukrainian во́вна (vóvna), Bulgarian въ́лна (vǎ́lna), Czech vlna, Slovak vlna, Polish wełna, Proto-Germanic *wullō (Gothic 𐍅𐌿𐌻𐌻𐌰 (wulla), Old High German wolla, German Wolle, English wool), Hittite ḫulana-, Sanskrit ऊर्णा (ū́rṇā) (from *ul̥), Ancient Greek λῆνος (lênos) (Doric λᾶνος (lânos), Latin lāna (Italian, Spanish lana, Romanian lână, Portuguese lã).

aitas vilna

bieza, gara vilna

cirpt vilnu

kārst vilnu

vērpt vilnu

wool (the hair of certain animals (especially sheep)

vilnas dzija, audums

vilnas cimdi, zeķes, sega

vilnas lakats, kleita

wool (something made of this animal hair: yarn, fabric, clothes)


balva

balva (nominative singular)
balvas (nominative plural)
balvu (accusative singular)
balvas (accusative plural)
balvas (genitive singular)
balvu (genitive plural)
balvai (dative singular)
balvām (dative plural)
balvu (instrumental singular)
balvām (instrumental plural)
balvā (locative singular)
balvās (locative plural)
balva (singular vocative)
balvas (plural vocative)

Pulicera balva


sence

lv-noun

sence f (5th declension, masculine form: sencis)

sencis (masculine)
sence (nominative singular)
sences (nominative plural)
senci (accusative singular)
sences (accusative plural)
sences (genitive singular)
senču (genitive plural)
sencei (dative singular)
sencēm (dative plural)
senci (instrumental singular)
sencēm (instrumental plural)
sencē (locative singular)
sencēs (locative plural)
sence (singular vocative)
sences (plural vocative)

(female) ancestor (ancient relative, originator of an ethnic group, a clan, a family)


čehu

inflection of čehs:
accusative/instrumental singular


petrogrāfija

petrogrāfija (nominative singular)
petrogrāfiju (accusative singular)
petrogrāfijas (genitive singular)
petrogrāfijai (dative singular)
petrogrāfiju (instrumental singular)
petrogrāfijā (locative singular)
petrogrāfija (singular vocative)

petrography (scientific description and classification of rocks)


vīruss

vīruss (nominative singular)
vīrusi (nominative plural)
vīrusu (accusative singular)
vīrusus (accusative plural)
vīrusa (genitive singular)
vīrusu (genitive plural)
vīrusam (dative singular)
vīrusiem (dative plural)
vīrusu (instrumental singular)
vīrusiem (instrumental plural)
vīrusā (locative singular)
vīrusos (locative plural)
vīrus (singular vocative)
vīrusi (plural vocative)


reliģija

reliģija (nominative singular)
reliģijas (nominative plural)
reliģiju (accusative singular)
reliģijas (accusative plural)
reliģijas (genitive singular)
reliģiju (genitive plural)
reliģijai (dative singular)
reliģijām (dative plural)
reliģiju (instrumental singular)
reliģijām (instrumental plural)
reliģijā (locative singular)
reliģijās (locative plural)
reliģija (singular vocative)
reliģijas (plural vocative)


sarkanā mušmire

sarkanā mušmire (nominative singular)
sarkanās mušmires (nominative plural)
sarkano mušmiri (accusative singular)
sarkanās mušmires (accusative plural)
sarkanās mušmires (genitive singular)
sarkano mušmiru (genitive plural)
sarkanajai mušmirei (dative singular)
sarkanajām mušmirēm (dative plural)
sarkano mušmiri (instrumental singular)
sarkanajām mušmirēm (instrumental plural)
sarkanajā mušmirē (locative singular)
sarkanajās mušmirēs (locative plural)
sarkano mušmire (singular vocative)
sarkanā mušmire (singular vocative)
sarkanās mušmires (plural vocative)

Amanita muscaria
Amanita muscaria#Translingual

(mycology) fly agaric (a poisonous and psychoactive mushroom species, Amanita muscaria)


galvaspilsēta

galvaspilsēta (nominative singular)
galvaspilsētas (nominative plural)
galvaspilsētu (accusative singular)
galvaspilsētas (accusative plural)
galvaspilsētas (genitive singular)
galvaspilsētu (genitive plural)
galvaspilsētai (dative singular)
galvaspilsētām (dative plural)
galvaspilsētu (instrumental singular)
galvaspilsētām (instrumental plural)
galvaspilsētā (locative singular)
galvaspilsētās (locative plural)
galvaspilsēta (singular vocative)
galvaspilsētas (plural vocative)

From galvas (“head[gen.]”) + pilsēta (“city”), a calque of German Hauptstadt.


impērija

impērija (nominative singular)
impērijas (nominative plural)
impēriju (accusative singular)
impērijas (accusative plural)
impērijas (genitive singular)
impēriju (genitive plural)
impērijai (dative singular)
impērijām (dative plural)
impēriju (instrumental singular)
impērijām (instrumental plural)
impērijā (locative singular)
impērijās (locative plural)
impērija (singular vocative)
impērijas (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin imperium (“power, command”), made into a 4th declension feminine noun ( + -ija).

Romas impērija

pēc 1825. gada decembra sacelšanās Nikolaja impērija dažam šķita, ka jāslapstās pustumsā

after the 1825 December riots, it seemed to some (people) that Nicholas' empire was suffocating itself in the darkness

empire (a monarchic state, especially a large one)


ģeoloģija

ģeoloģija (nominative singular)
ģeoloģijas (nominative plural)
ģeoloģiju (accusative singular)
ģeoloģijas (accusative plural)
ģeoloģijas (genitive singular)
ģeoloģiju (genitive plural)
ģeoloģijai (dative singular)
ģeoloģijām (dative plural)
ģeoloģiju (instrumental singular)
ģeoloģijām (instrumental plural)
ģeoloģijā (locative singular)
ģeoloģijās (locative plural)
ģeoloģija (singular vocative)
ģeoloģijas (plural vocative)

Probably via some other European language, ultimately from New Latin geologia, from Ancient Greek γῆ (gê, “earth”) and λόγος (lógos, “word, study”) + -ija.

ģeoloģijas zinātnes attīstība

the development of the science of geology

geology (science that studies the composition, structure, and development of the Earth)

šā rajona ģeoloģija

geology (the composition, structure, and development of the Earth and its crust, or a part of it)


vēsture

vēsture (nominative singular)
vēsturi (accusative singular)
vēstures (genitive singular)
vēsturei (dative singular)
vēsturi (instrumental singular)
vēsturē (locative singular)
vēsture (singular vocative)

→ Latgalian: viesture

Coined by Atis Kronvalds in 1868, derived from vēstīt (“to herald, to announce”) (compare vēsts (“news”)). Its form was influenced by Ancient Greek ἱστορίᾱ (historíā, “inquiry, examination, research; news; retelling; history”); Kronvalds cited a word historija (no longer in use) as a synonym of vēsture. The concept of history had previously been expressed as stāsti (“stories”), pasaules stāsti (“world stories”) (compare German Geschichte (“stories; history”)), and, in the mid-19th century, also with the Russian-derived term istorija (compare исто́рия (istórija)).

cog

Zemes ģeoloģiskā vēsture

pilsētas, novada vēsture

latviešu kultūras vēsture

history (a chain of events, a process seen as evolving in time)

tas pieder vēsturei

mācīties no vēstures

vēstures fakti

ieiet vēsture

vēstures fakultāte, muzejs

vēstures filozofija

vēstures avoti

pilsētas vēstures arhīvs

studēt mākslas vēsture

seno, senāko laiku vēsture

viduslaiku vēsture

jauno, jaunāko laiku vēsture

history (the science that studies the development of human societies in time)


literatūra

literatūra (nominative singular)
literatūras (nominative plural)
literatūru (accusative singular)
literatūras (accusative plural)
literatūras (genitive singular)
literatūru (genitive plural)
literatūrai (dative singular)
literatūrām (dative plural)
literatūru (instrumental singular)
literatūrām (instrumental plural)
literatūrā (locative singular)
literatūrās (locative plural)
literatūra (singular vocative)
literatūras (plural vocative)


galaktika

galaktika (nominative singular)
galaktikas (nominative plural)
galaktiku (accusative singular)
galaktikas (accusative plural)
galaktikas (genitive singular)
galaktiku (genitive plural)
galaktikai (dative singular)
galaktikām (dative plural)
galaktiku (instrumental singular)
galaktikām (instrumental plural)
galaktikā (locative singular)
galaktikās (locative plural)
galaktika (singular vocative)
galaktikas (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin galaxias (“galaxy; Milky way”), itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek γαλαξίας (galaxías, “Milky Way”), from γάλα (gála, “milk”). The form with -ka suggests that the borrowing went through the adjectival form γαλακτικός (galaktikós), rather than directly from the noun (compare Russian гала́ктика (galáktika), the most likely proximal source).

uder

spirālveida, spirāliska galaktika

galaktikas centrs

galaktikas ass

galaktikas plakne

galaktikas rotācija

galaktiku sistēma

mūsu zvaigžņu sistēmai tuvākās galaktikas ir pazīstamie Magelāna Mākoņi

the closest galaxies to our star system are the (well)known Magellanic Clouds

(astronomy) galaxy (independent, coherent gravitationally maintained system composed of stars, planets and other celestial bodies)


avs

avs (nominative singular)
avis (nominative plural)
avi (accusative singular)
avis (accusative plural)
avs (genitive singular)
avju (genitive plural)
avij (dative singular)
avīm (dative plural)
avi (instrumental singular)
avīm (instrumental plural)
avī (locative singular)
avīs (locative plural)
avs (singular vocative)
avis (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *áwis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ówis.

avju gans

avs piens

(dated) ewe (female sheep; also generic term)


auns

auns (nominative singular)
auni (nominative plural)
aunu (accusative singular)
aunus (accusative plural)
auna (genitive singular)
aunu (genitive plural)
aunam (dative singular)
auniem (dative plural)
aunu (instrumental singular)
auniem (instrumental plural)
aunā (locative singular)
aunos (locative plural)
aun (singular vocative)
auni (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *awinas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃éwis (“sheep, ram”). Cognates include Lithuanian ãvinas, Old Prussian awins, Old Church Slavonic овьнъ (ovĭnŭ), Russian ове́н (ovén). These terms are formed from *h₃éwi-, originally a term for sheep in general (possibly derived from *ew-, *Hew- (“to dress”), i.e. “(animal) dressed (in wool)”), with a suffix *-in to distinguish male sheep. Other terms derived from *h₃éwi- include Old Church Slavonic овьца (ovĭca), Russian, Bulgarian овца (ovca), Belarusian аўца́ (aŭcá), аве́чка (avjéčka), Ukrainian вівца́ (vivcá), Czech ovce, Slovak ovca, Polish owca (“ewe”), Gothic 𐌰𐍅𐌴𐌸𐌹 (awēþi, “herd of sheep”), Old High German ouwi, ou (“ewe”) (< *awī), Hittite ẖawi-, Sanskrit अविः (áviḥ), Ancient Greek οἶς (oîs), Latin ovis.

der

ragains auns

atšķirt, nošķirt aunus no avīm

to distinguish the rams from the ewes (i.e., the good from the bad, the innocent from the guilty)


kallas

inflection of kalla:
nominative/vocative/accusative plural


pilis

nominative/vocative/accusative plural of pils


dievs

lv-noun

dievs m (1st declension, feminine form: dieviete or dieve)

dieviete (feminine)
dieve (feminine)
dievs (nominative singular)
dievi (nominative plural)
dievu (accusative singular)
dievus (accusative plural)
dieva (genitive singular)
dievu (genitive plural)
dievam (dative singular)
dieviem (dative plural)
dievu (instrumental singular)
dieviem (instrumental plural)
dievā (locative singular)
dievos (locative plural)
diev (singular vocative)
dievi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *deiwás, from Proto-Indo-European *deywós. The original meaning was probably “light,” from which “sky” (via “bright one”, “shining one”) (a meaning still found in Proto-Finnic *taivas), whence also “god”.

lūgt dievu

ticēt dievam

dieva kalps

dieva tiesa

dievs (pa)sargi! pasargi dievs! lai dievs (pa)sarga!

mīļais dievs! mans dievs!

reliģijai raksturīgs uzskats, ka pasauli radījis dievs

(it) is a characteristic belief of religion that god created the world

dieva valstība

kingdom of god (literally "state of god"; karaliste, the word for kingdom, is not used in the Latvian Bible)

(theology, Christianity, often capitalized) god (supernatural being that created the world)

seno grieķu dievi

romiešu dievi

pagāniskie dievi

kara dievs

(mythology) god (powerful supernatural being that demands worship)


ausis

nominative/vocative/accusative plural of auss


optimiste

optimiste (nominative singular)
optimistes (nominative plural)
optimisti (accusative singular)
optimistes (accusative plural)
optimistes (genitive singular)
optimisšu (genitive plural)
optimistei (dative singular)
optimistēm (dative plural)
optimisti (instrumental singular)
optimistēm (instrumental plural)
optimistē (locative singular)
optimistēs (locative plural)
optimiste (singular vocative)
optimistes (plural vocative)