ass

head

ass (definite asais, comparative asāks, superlative visasākais, adverb asi)

asais (definite)
asāks (comparative)
visasākais (superlative)
asi (adverb)
ass (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
asi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
asa (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
asas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
asu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
asus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
asu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
asas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
asa (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
asu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
asas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
asu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
asam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
asiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
asai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
asām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
asu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
asiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
asu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
asām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
asā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
asos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
asā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
asās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From earlier *asus, from Proto-Baltic *ašus, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp, pointed, edgy”). With an extra suffix *-ro, the same stem also yielded Proto-Balto-Slavic *aśras (“sharp”), whence Latvian dialectal asrs, as well as the Lithuanian cognate aštrùs, dialectal ašrùs. From this stem, there are also Latvian reflexes with ak rather than as (e.g., akmens (“stone”), akots (“awn”)), possibly a result of Proto-Indo-European dialectal variation. In Latvian, former u-stem adjectives like *asus were assimilated into other classes; *asus gave rise to both an o-stem and a yo-stem variant which later on became independent words, ass and ašs, with different semantic nuances (compare also, e.g., plats and plašs, or dobs and dobjš). Other cognates include Old Church Slavonic остръ (ostrŭ), Russian о́стрый (óstryj), Belarusian во́стры (vóstry), Ukrainian о́стрий (óstryj), го́стрий (hóstryj), Bulgarian о́стър (óstǎr), Czech ostrý, Polish ostry, Proto-Germanic *agjō (Old High German ecka, egga (“corner, edge, point, peak, blade”), German Ecke, Sanskrit अश्रिः (áśriḥ, “corner, edge, blade”), Ancient Greek ἀκή (akḗ, “point, tip”), ἄκρος (ákros, “sharp, pointed”), Latin ācer (“sharp”), aciēs (“sharpness, blade”).

cog

asi elkoņi

asi vaigu kauli

asas burtu formas rokrakstā

angular, not rounded (of body parts; also of writing, drawing)


laiva

laiva (nominative singular)
laivas (nominative plural)
laivu (accusative singular)
laivas (accusative plural)
laivas (genitive singular)
laivu (genitive plural)
laivai (dative singular)
laivām (dative plural)
laivu (instrumental singular)
laivām (instrumental plural)
laivā (locative singular)
laivās (locative plural)
laiva (singular vocative)
laivas (plural vocative)

Cognates include Lithuanian laĩvas, dialectal laĩvė, archaic laĩva. The relationship by borrowing to Proto-Finnic *laiva (Finnish laiva “ship; nave”, Estonian laev, Livonian lōja) is also undisputed, leaving the question of which family had the word first. It is now identified as a borrowing from Proto-Germanic *flawją (cf. Old Norse fley “boat,” “raft”) into Finnic and thence Baltic, showing the Finnic sound law *vj > jv established by Koivulehto (1970). Earlier, a Baltic inherited origin had been sought. Karulis took the word to be perhaps originally used by Curonian fishermen and later spread to all the Eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, and offered the internal etymology Proto-Baltic *leiw-, *laiw-, from Proto-Indo-European *ley- with an extra -w, from *el-ey, from *Heh₃l- (“to bend, to turn”); this theory would make the original meaning “bent, concave (object).”

buru laiva

airu laiva ― rowboat

zvejas laiva

glābšanas laiva

sacīkšu laiva

laivu stacija ― boathouse

braukt ar laivu

vizināties, braukt ar laivu pa ezeru

nolicis airi, noliecos pār laivas malu un sāku raut ūdens augus

letting go of the oar, I leaned over the boat edge and began to pluck the aquatic plants

boat (small vehicle for transporting people, goods, etc. on water)


panna

panna (nominative singular)
pannas (nominative plural)
pannu (accusative singular)
pannas (accusative plural)
pannas (genitive singular)
pannu (genitive plural)
pannai (dative singular)
pannām (dative plural)
pannu (instrumental singular)
pannām (instrumental plural)
pannā (locative singular)
pannās (locative plural)
panna (singular vocative)
pannas (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle High German panne, or maybe from Middle Dutch panne (cf. German Pfanne), or from Swedish panna, themselves borrowings from Latin patina (> *patna), from Ancient Greek πατάνη (patánē, “bowl, basin”), itself probably of Illyrian origin. In Latvian, panna is first mentioned in 17th-century dictionaries.

čuguna panna

vafeļu panna ― waffle pan, waffle iron

pannas rokturis, kāts

ietaukot pannu

izņemt pannu no cepeškrāsns

uz pannas cepās smaržīgas kotletes

on the pan, fragrant meatballs were cooking

pan (flat metal container, usually with a handle, used for cooking over fire, on a stove, or over a hot surface; also, a rectangular plate with raised sides for use in a baking oven)


rats

rats (nominative singular)
rati (nominative plural)
ratu (accusative singular)
ratus (accusative plural)
rata (genitive singular)
ratu (genitive plural)
ratam (dative singular)
ratiem (dative plural)
ratu (instrumental singular)
ratiem (instrumental plural)
ratā (locative singular)
ratos (locative plural)
rat (singular vocative)
rati (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *ret(h), *rot(h). Cognates include Lithuanian rãtas (“wheel”), Sanskrit रथ (ratha, “chariot”), Old High German rad (“wheel”) (German Rad (“wheel”)), Latin rota (“wheel”) (Portuguese roda, Spanish rueda, Italian ruota, Romanian roată, French roue), Albanian rreth (“hoop, circle, wheel rim”).

stūres rats

dzirnavu rats ― millwheel

spara rats, spararats ― flywheel

ķēdes pārvada rats

laimes rats

pagriezt atpakaļ, apturēt vēstures ratu

to turn back, to stop the wheel of history

wheel (circular device that rotates on its axis)


nazis

nazis (nominative singular)
naži (nominative plural)
nazi (accusative singular)
nažus (accusative plural)
naža (genitive singular)
nažu (genitive plural)
nazim (dative singular)
nažiem (dative plural)
nazi (instrumental singular)
nažiem (instrumental plural)
nazī (locative singular)
nažos (locative plural)
nazi (singular vocative)
naži (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old East Slavic ножь (nožĭ, “knife”) (compare Russian нож (nož)). The word probably entered the language in the 13th century, and is attested in its modern form in dictionaries from the 17th century on.

bor+

ass, truls nazis

asināt nazi

akmens nazis

kabatas nazis

virtuves nazis

bārdas nazis

griezt ar nazi

knife (utensil or tool with a blade and a handle, designed for cutting)


pulkstenis

pulkstenis (nominative singular)
pulksteņi (nominative plural)
pulksteni (accusative singular)
pulksteņus (accusative plural)
pulksteņa (genitive singular)
pulksteņu (genitive plural)
pulkstenim (dative singular)
pulksteņiem (dative plural)
pulksteni (instrumental singular)
pulksteņiem (instrumental plural)
pulkstenī (locative singular)
pulksteņos (locative plural)
pulksteni (singular vocative)
pulksteņi (plural vocative)

There are various theories about the origin of this word, originally meaning “church bell.” The most likely to be true derives it from an unattested verb *pulsēt (“to produce sound”) (compare archaic pulstens, dialectal pulstenis (“bell”), pulkstiens (“bell sound, toll”)) > *pulksēt with an epenthetic k and the nominalizing suffix -enis. Other suggestions include deriving pulkstenis from pulks (“regiment, military unit”) and stenēt (“to groan, to make noise”) (i.e., the regiment's noisy one); from borrowed terms, Middle Low German puls (“hit, blow, touch”) and stēn (“stone”); from an old verb pult meaning “to fall” (since that which strikes a bell “falls” on it); from a compound of puls- and sitiens, sitenis “blow”, with an intrusive k. The word was already mentioned in a 1585 catechism (as stundu pulksten(is), “hour bell,” i.e., “clock”)

uder

mehāniskais, elektroniskais pulkstenis

sudraba, zelta pulkstenis

pulkstenis tikšķ

pulksteņa rādītāji

pulksteņa svārsts

labot pulksteni

rokas pulkstenis

kabatas pulkstenis

galda, sienas, torņa pulkstenis

modinātāja pulkstenis, modinātājpulkstenis

saules pulkstenis

smilšu pulkstenis

biloģiskais pulkstenis

pulkstenis ir ātrs, iet par ātru

pulkstenis iet priekšā, ir priekšā

pulkstenis ir vēls, iet par lēnu

clock, watch (instrument to measure time)


ritenis

ritenis (nominative singular)
riteņi (nominative plural)
riteni (accusative singular)
riteņus (accusative plural)
riteņa (genitive singular)
riteņu (genitive plural)
ritenim (dative singular)
riteņiem (dative plural)
riteni (instrumental singular)
riteņiem (instrumental plural)
ritenī (locative singular)
riteņos (locative plural)
riteni (singular vocative)
riteņi (plural vocative)

braukt ar riteni

bicycle (two-wheeled vehicle with pedals)


ledusskapis

ledusskapis (nominative singular)
ledusskapji (nominative plural)
ledusskapi (accusative singular)
ledusskapjus (accusative plural)
ledusskapja (genitive singular)
ledusskapju (genitive plural)
ledusskapim (dative singular)
ledusskapjiem (dative plural)
ledusskapi (instrumental singular)
ledusskapjiem (instrumental plural)
ledusskapī (locative singular)
ledusskapjos (locative plural)
ledusskapi (singular vocative)
ledusskapji (plural vocative)

From ledus (“ice”) + skapis (“cupboard”).

ietilpīgs ledusskapis

ledusskapja tilpums

ieslēgt ledusskapi


rati

nominative plural of rats

vocative plural of rats


kuģis

kuģis (nominative singular)
kuģi (nominative plural)
kuģi (accusative singular)
kuģus (accusative plural)
kuģa (genitive singular)
kuģu (genitive plural)
kuģim (dative singular)
kuģiem (dative plural)
kuģi (instrumental singular)
kuģiem (instrumental plural)
kuģī (locative singular)
kuģos (locative plural)
kuģi (singular vocative)
kuģi (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle Low German kogge (“wide, roundish ship”), or from Old Frisian kogge, Middle Dutch kogge, or perhaps from Old Norse kuggi (“sea vessel”) or Swedish kogg (“merchant ship”). The word was first used in Germanic languages to refer to a kind of sail, wide with stumpy, roundish ends; it spread all over the Baltic sea in the 14th-15th centuries with the Hanseatic league, when it was borrowed into Latvian. At first used only as sailors' slang, it spread under Swedish influence in the 17th and 18th century (though one 18th-century author mentions that kuģis was used mostly in Riga, liela laiva “big boat” being used elsewhere); by the mid-19th century, it had became a general term for all kinds of ships in the standard language.

bor

gaisa kuģis, gaisakuģis

kosmikais, kosmosa kuģis


mašīna

mašīna (nominative singular)
mašīnas (nominative plural)
mašīnu (accusative singular)
mašīnas (accusative plural)
mašīnas (genitive singular)
mašīnu (genitive plural)
mašīnai (dative singular)
mašīnām (dative plural)
mašīnu (instrumental singular)
mašīnām (instrumental plural)
mašīnā (locative singular)
mašīnās (locative plural)
mašīna (singular vocative)
mašīnas (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Russian маши́на (mašína), from Middle French machine, from Latin māchina, from Ancient Greek μαχανά (makhaná, Doric form of μηχανή).

der

Doric form of <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">μηχανή</i>

aizbraukt ar mašīnu uz staciju

iesēsties mašīnā

ātrās palīdzības mašīna


virzulis

virzulis (nominative singular)
virzuļi (nominative plural)
virzuli (accusative singular)
virzuļus (accusative plural)
virzuļa (genitive singular)
virzuļu (genitive plural)
virzulim (dative singular)
virzuļiem (dative plural)
virzuli (instrumental singular)
virzuļiem (instrumental plural)
virzulī (locative singular)
virzuļos (locative plural)
virzuli (singular vocative)
virzuļi (plural vocative)

motocikla motora virzulis

hidrauliskais virzulis

eļļošanas ierīces virzulis

piston (disk or cylinder that moves under pressure inside a hollow cylinder)


virzuļa pirksts

virzuļa pirksts (nominative singular)
virzuļa pirksti (nominative plural)
virzuļa pirkstu (accusative singular)
virzuļa pirkstus (accusative plural)
virzuļa pirksta (genitive singular)
virzuļa pirkstu (genitive plural)
virzuļa pirkstam (dative singular)
virzuļa pirkstiem (dative plural)
virzuļa pirkstu (instrumental singular)
virzuļa pirkstiem (instrumental plural)
virzuļa pirkstā (locative singular)
virzuļa pirkstos (locative plural)
virzuļa pirkst (singular vocative)
virzuļa pirksti (plural vocative)

piston rod, connecting rod (rod connecting a piston to a crosshead)


virzuļa gredzens

virzuļa gredzens (nominative singular)
virzuļa gredzeni (nominative plural)
virzuļa gredzenu (accusative singular)
virzuļa gredzenus (accusative plural)
virzuļa gredzena (genitive singular)
virzuļa gredzenu (genitive plural)
virzuļa gredzenam (dative singular)
virzuļa gredzeniem (dative plural)
virzuļa gredzenu (instrumental singular)
virzuļa gredzeniem (instrumental plural)
virzuļa gredzenā (locative singular)
virzuļa gredzenos (locative plural)
virzuļa gredzen (singular vocative)
virzuļa gredzeni (plural vocative)

piston ring (metal rings placed in the grooves of a piston to ensure solid contact with the cylinder walls)


modinātājs

lv-noun

modinātājs m (1st declension, feminine form: modinātāja)

modinātāja (feminine)
modinātājs (nominative singular)
modinātāji (nominative plural)
modinātāju (accusative singular)
modinātājus (accusative plural)
modinātāja (genitive singular)
modinātāju (genitive plural)
modinātājam (dative singular)
modinātājiem (dative plural)
modinātāju (instrumental singular)
modinātājiem (instrumental plural)
modinātājā (locative singular)
modinātājos (locative plural)
modinātāj (singular vocative)
modinātāji (plural vocative)

modinātājs nozvanīja

uzgriezt modinātāju, lai zvana septiņos

to set the alarm clock so that it goes off at seven o'clock


modinātājpulkstenis

modinātājpulkstenis (nominative singular)
modinātājpulksteņi (nominative plural)
modinātājpulksteni (accusative singular)
modinātājpulksteņus (accusative plural)
modinātājpulksteņa (genitive singular)
modinātājpulksteņu (genitive plural)
modinātājpulkstenim (dative singular)
modinātājpulksteņiem (dative plural)
modinātājpulksteni (instrumental singular)
modinātājpulksteņiem (instrumental plural)
modinātājpulkstenī (locative singular)
modinātājpulksteņos (locative plural)
modinātājpulksteni (singular vocative)
modinātājpulksteņi (plural vocative)

From modinātājs (“waker”) + pulkstenis (“clock”) (with modinātājs from modināt (“to wake up”) + -ājs).

compound

elektronu modinātājpulkstenis

uzvilkt modinātājpulksteni

to wind up (the spring of a wind-up) alarm clock

modinātājpulksteņa zvans


divritenis

divritenis (nominative singular)
divriteņi (nominative plural)
divriteni (accusative singular)
divriteņus (accusative plural)
divriteņa (genitive singular)
divriteņu (genitive plural)
divritenim (dative singular)
divriteņiem (dative plural)
divriteni (instrumental singular)
divriteņiem (instrumental plural)
divritenī (locative singular)
divriteņos (locative plural)
divriteni (singular vocative)
divriteņi (plural vocative)

divriteņa riepas

divriteņa stūre

braukt ar divriteni

nokāpt no divriteņa

bicycle, bike (two-wheeled vehicle with pedals)


velosipēds

velosipēds (nominative singular)
velosipēdi (nominative plural)
velosipēdu (accusative singular)
velosipēdus (accusative plural)
velosipēda (genitive singular)
velosipēdu (genitive plural)
velosipēdam (dative singular)
velosipēdiem (dative plural)
velosipēdu (instrumental singular)
velosipēdiem (instrumental plural)
velosipēdā (locative singular)
velosipēdos (locative plural)
velosipēd (singular vocative)
velosipēdi (plural vocative)

tūrisma velosipēds

sporta velosipēds

sacīkšu velosipēds

saliekamais velosipēds

velosipēda rāmis

velosipēda bagāžnieks

velosipēda riepas

uzkāpt uz velosipēda


bruņuvilciens

bruņuvilciens (nominative singular)
bruņuvilcieni (nominative plural)
bruņuvilcienu (accusative singular)
bruņuvilcienus (accusative plural)
bruņuvilciena (genitive singular)
bruņuvilcienu (genitive plural)
bruņuvilcienam (dative singular)
bruņuvilcieniem (dative plural)
bruņuvilcienu (instrumental singular)
bruņuvilcieniem (instrumental plural)
bruņuvilcienā (locative singular)
bruņuvilcienos (locative plural)
bruņuvilcien (singular vocative)
bruņuvilcieni (plural vocative)

From bruņu (“armor gen.”) + vilciens (“train”).


vilciens

vilciens (nominative singular)
vilcieni (nominative plural)
vilcienu (accusative singular)
vilcienus (accusative plural)
vilciena (genitive singular)
vilcienu (genitive plural)
vilcienam (dative singular)
vilcieniem (dative plural)
vilcienu (instrumental singular)
vilcieniem (instrumental plural)
vilcienā (locative singular)
vilcienos (locative plural)
vilcien (singular vocative)
vilcieni (plural vocative)

From vilk(t) (“to pull”) + -iens (with k > c palatalization) by analogy with German ziehen (“to pull”), Zug (“train”). The sense “train” originated at the end of the 19th century and became frequent in the 20th century, replacing a previous borrowing bānis, from German Bahn (“way”), Eisenbahn (“railway”).

braukt ar vilcienu

tālsatiksmes vilciens

piepilsētas vilciens

elektriskais vilciens

pasta, preču, vilciens

smagsvara vilciens

pasažieru, tūristu vilciens

vilcienu saraksts

vilciena kupeja

vilciena pavadonis

nokavēt vilcienu

train (line of connected railroad cars pulled by a locomotive)


dakšiņa

dakšiņa (nominative singular)
dakšiņas (nominative plural)
dakšiņu (accusative singular)
dakšiņas (accusative plural)
dakšiņas (genitive singular)
dakšiņu (genitive plural)
dakšiņai (dative singular)
dakšiņām (dative plural)
dakšiņu (instrumental singular)
dakšiņām (instrumental plural)
dakšiņā (locative singular)
dakšiņās (locative plural)
dakšiņa (singular vocative)
dakšiņas (plural vocative)

From dakša (“(pitch)fork”) + -iņa (“dim.”).

zivju, deserta dakšiņa

novietot pie šķīvja nazi un dakšinu

to place a knife and a fork next to a plate

uzdurt kumosu uz dakšinas

fork (utensil with spikes used for putting solid food in one's mouth)


karote

karote (nominative singular)
karotes (nominative plural)
karoti (accusative singular)
karotes (accusative plural)
karotes (genitive singular)
karošu (genitive plural)
karotei (dative singular)
karotēm (dative plural)
karoti (instrumental singular)
karotēm (instrumental plural)
karotē (locative singular)
karotēs (locative plural)
karote (singular vocative)
karotes (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *kar-ōut-, *kar-uot- (with a suffix -uot), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-, *kor- (“to cut, split”). The original meaning was probably that of carved or hollowed object. Cognates include Lithuanian prakartas (“trough, manger”), Old Prussian pracartis (“hod, carrying box”), Proto-Slavic *koryto (“trough, manger”) (Russian коры́то (korýto), Bulgarian кори́то (koríto, “ravine”), Czech, Polish koryto (“trough, manger, (river) bed”)), Sanskrit करोटि (karoṭi, “plate, bowl, cup”).

cog

zupas, deserta karote

sudraba, koka karote

ēst ar karoti

spoon (scooped utensil with a long handle, for eating or serving)


mikroviļņu krāsns

mikroviļņu krāsns (nominative singular)
mikroviļņu krāsnis (nominative plural)
mikroviļņu krāsni (accusative singular)
mikroviļņu krāsnis (accusative plural)
mikroviļņu krāsns (genitive singular)
mikroviļņu krāšņu (genitive plural)
mikroviļņu krāsnij (dative singular)
mikroviļņu krāsnīm (dative plural)
mikroviļņu krāsni (instrumental singular)
mikroviļņu krāsnīm (instrumental plural)
mikroviļņu krāsnī (locative singular)
mikroviļņu krāsnīs (locative plural)
mikroviļņu krāsns (singular vocative)
mikroviļņu krāsnis (plural vocative)

mikroviļņu krāsns ir virtuves ierīce

microwave oven (appliance for cooking food using microwave energy)


krāsns

m (also dialectal)
krāsns (nominative singular)
krāsnis (nominative plural)
krāsni (accusative singular)
krāsnis (accusative plural)
krāsns (genitive singular)
krāšņu (genitive plural)
krāsnij (dative singular)
krāsnīm (dative plural)
krāsni (instrumental singular)
krāsnīm (instrumental plural)
krāsnī (locative singular)
krāsnīs (locative plural)
krāsns (singular vocative)
krāsnis (plural vocative)

From *krāsnis, derived from the verb krāt (“to put aside, to collect”) with an extra element or suffix -sn, or perhaps from the dialectal from krāst of this verb (compare dialectal krāsts (“oven”), originally the past participle of krāst). The original meaning was “collection, stack, pile (of stones)” (compare dialectal krāsne “pile of stones,” “oven”), from which “oven,” at first referring to baths and kilns. Cognates include Lithuanian krósnis.

ķieģeļu krāsns

degoša krāsns

krāsns svelme, apkure

kurināt krāsni

dzīviklis ar krāsns apkuri


plīts

plīts (nominative singular)
plītis (nominative plural)
plīti (accusative singular)
plītis (accusative plural)
plīts (genitive singular)
plīšu (genitive plural)
plītij (dative singular)
plītīm (dative plural)
plīti (instrumental singular)
plītīm (instrumental plural)
plītī (locative singular)
plītīs (locative plural)
plīts (singular vocative)
plītis (plural vocative)

A borrowing from Baltic German Pliete, itself a borrowing from Russian плита́ (plitá, “stove”). This word is related to Ancient Greek πλίνθος (plínthos, “brick”).

malkas, gāzes, elektriskā plīts

bāzt plītī malku

podiņu plīts

karsta plīts

plīts kurtuve

iekurināt plīti

stove, cooker (a heating device with burners for cooking food)


sniega arkls

sniega arkls (nominative singular)
sniega arkli (nominative plural)
sniega arklu (accusative singular)
sniega arklus (accusative plural)
sniega arkla (genitive singular)
sniega arklu (genitive plural)
sniega arklam (dative singular)
sniega arkliem (dative plural)
sniega arklu (instrumental singular)
sniega arkliem (instrumental plural)
sniega arklā (locative singular)
sniega arklos (locative plural)
sniega arkl (singular vocative)
sniega arkli (plural vocative)

jaudīgs, rotējošs sniega arkls

snow plow (US), snow plough (UK) (device for removing snow)


kamanas

kamanas (nominative plural)
kamanas (accusative plural)
kamanu (genitive plural)
kamanām (dative plural)
kamanām (instrumental plural)
kamanās (locative plural)
kamanas (plural vocative)

A vowel assimilation assimilation (e to a) variant of an old en-stem word — with an extra final -e — kamene “spruce or oak bark,” figuratively also “sleigh” (in the plural kamenes, apparently because in ancient times heavy loads were transported over peeled-off tree bark as if over runners), from Proto-Baltic *kam-, from the ablauted form *kom- of Proto-Indo-European *kem- “to squeeze, to compress,” therefore also “bent, round” (whence Latvian dialectal čems, kams). Cognates include Lithuanian kamíenas, kamė́nas (“tree trunk”), kãmanos (“bridle”), Czech kmen (“stem, trunk”), Polish kien (“stump, bar, log”), Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐍃 (himins, “sky, firmament”), Old Norse himenn, German Himmel, Dutch hemel, Tajik dialectal kamali (“sleigh runners”).

jūgt kamanās

to harness (a horse) to (lit. in) a sleigh

braukt ar kamanām

braukt kamanās

briežu kamanas

suņu kamanas

kamanu sega

zem kamanu sliecēm gurkstēja sniegs

the snow crunched under the sleigh runners

vedējs un milicis Kaņeps izlēca no kamanām ― the driver and police agent Kaņeps jumped out of the sleigh

(only plural) sleigh (vehicle on runners pulled by animals over snow or ice)


mazgātājs

lv-noun

mazgātājs m (1st declension, feminine form: mazgātāja)

mazgātāja (feminine)
mazgātājs (nominative singular)
mazgātāji (nominative plural)
mazgātāju (accusative singular)
mazgātājus (accusative plural)
mazgātāja (genitive singular)
mazgātāju (genitive plural)
mazgātājam (dative singular)
mazgātājiem (dative plural)
mazgātāju (instrumental singular)
mazgātājiem (instrumental plural)
mazgātājā (locative singular)
mazgātājos (locative plural)
mazgātāj (singular vocative)
mazgātāji (plural vocative)

augstspiediena mazgātāji

washer (machine, instrument used for washing)


autobuss

autobuss (nominative singular)
autobusi (nominative plural)
autobusu (accusative singular)
autobusus (accusative plural)
autobusa (genitive singular)
autobusu (genitive plural)
autobusam (dative singular)
autobusiem (dative plural)
autobusu (instrumental singular)
autobusiem (instrumental plural)
autobusā (locative singular)
autobusos (locative plural)
autobus (singular vocative)
autobusi (plural vocative)

Probably via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from French autobus.

komfortabls autobuss

tālsatiksmes autobuss

ātrgaitas autobuss

autobusu pietura

autobusu satiksme

autobusa šoferis

autobusu parks

atklāt jaunu autobusu līniju

dzelteni, zili un sarkani autobusi slīd pa Latvijas republikas ceļiem; ik dienas tie pārvadā tūkstošiem pasažieru

yellow, blue and red buses slides along the roads of the Latvian republic; every day they carry thousands of passagers

“jūs taču doties uz pilsētu autobusā?” vaicāja Ieva

“but you are going to town in (= by) bus?” Eve asked

bus (large motor vehicle used to transport many passengers on roads)


zemūdene

zemūdene (nominative singular)
zemūdenes (nominative plural)
zemūdeni (accusative singular)
zemūdenes (accusative plural)
zemūdenes (genitive singular)
zemūdeņu (genitive plural)
zemūdenei (dative singular)
zemūdenēm (dative plural)
zemūdeni (instrumental singular)
zemūdenēm (instrumental plural)
zemūdenē (locative singular)
zemūdenēs (locative plural)
zemūdene (singular vocative)
zemūdenes (plural vocative)

From zemūdens (“underwater”), itself from zem (“under”) + ūdens (“water[gen.]”).

zemūdeņu jūrnieki

zemūdeņu bāze

rakēšu zemūdene

missile submarine (= submarine with missiles)

pēkšņi no dzīlēm kā milzīga haizivs iznira zemūdene

suddenly, like a giant shark from the depths (of the ocean), a submarine emerged

Ukrainas vienīgā zemūdene Zaporožje nule iekļauta Krievijas Melnās jūras flotes sastāvā ― Ukraine's only submarine, the Zaporožje, (has been) newly incorporated into Russia's Black Sea fleet

submarine (a ship which can navigate under water)


automobilis

automobilis (nominative singular)
automobiļi (nominative plural)
automobili (accusative singular)
automobiļus (accusative plural)
automobiļa (genitive singular)
automobiļu (genitive plural)
automobilim (dative singular)
automobiļiem (dative plural)
automobili (instrumental singular)
automobiļiem (instrumental plural)
automobilī (locative singular)
automobiļos (locative plural)
automobili (singular vocative)
automobiļi (plural vocative)


cepeškrāsns

cepeškrāsns (nominative singular)
cepeškrāsnis (nominative plural)
cepeškrāsni (accusative singular)
cepeškrāsnis (accusative plural)
cepeškrāsns (genitive singular)
cepeškrāšņu (genitive plural)
cepeškrāsnij (dative singular)
cepeškrāsnīm (dative plural)
cepeškrāsni (instrumental singular)
cepeškrāsnīm (instrumental plural)
cepeškrāsnī (locative singular)
cepeškrāsnīs (locative plural)
cepeškrāsns (singular vocative)
cepeškrāsnis (plural vocative)

From cepešu (“roast[gen.]”) + krāsns (“oven”).

compound

liela cepeškrāsns

elektriskā cepeškrāsns

gāzes plīts ar cepeškrāsni

cept pudiņu cepeškrāsnī

saglabāt cepeškrāsnī siltu ēdienu

kad panna pilna ar maizītēm, māmiņa to ielaiž cepeškrāsnī

when the pan (was) full with little breads, mother put it into the oven

oven (four-sided appliance, usually with a built-in stove, which produces heat from all sides for baking, roasting, broiling, etc.)


cepešpanna

cepešpanna (nominative singular)
cepešpannas (nominative plural)
cepešpannu (accusative singular)
cepešpannas (accusative plural)
cepešpannas (genitive singular)
cepešpannu (genitive plural)
cepešpannai (dative singular)
cepešpannām (dative plural)
cepešpannu (instrumental singular)
cepešpannām (instrumental plural)
cepešpannā (locative singular)
cepešpannās (locative plural)
cepešpanna (singular vocative)
cepešpannas (plural vocative)

From cepešu (“bake[gen.]”) + panna (“pan”).

sagatavot cepešpannu

kāju pēdas dažbrīd iegrimst mīkstajā šosejas asfaltā... karsts kā uz cepešpannas

the feet sometimes submerge in the soft asphalt of the sidewalk... it is hot as a griddle

griddle (four-sided appliance, usually with a built-in stove, which produces heat from all sides for baking, roasting, broiling, etc.)


motocikls

motocikls (nominative singular)
motocikli (nominative plural)
motociklu (accusative singular)
motociklus (accusative plural)
motocikla (genitive singular)
motociklu (genitive plural)
motociklam (dative singular)
motocikliem (dative plural)
motociklu (instrumental singular)
motocikliem (instrumental plural)
motociklā (locative singular)
motociklos (locative plural)
motocikl (singular vocative)
motocikli (plural vocative)


kosmosa kuģis

kosmosa kuģis (nominative singular)
kosmosa kuģi (nominative plural)
kosmosa kuģi (accusative singular)
kosmosa kuģus (accusative plural)
kosmosa kuģa (genitive singular)
kosmosa kuģu (genitive plural)
kosmosa kuģim (dative singular)
kosmosa kuģiem (dative plural)
kosmosa kuģi (instrumental singular)
kosmosa kuģiem (instrumental plural)
kosmosa kuģī (locative singular)
kosmosa kuģos (locative plural)
kosmosa kuģi (singular vocative)
kosmosa kuģi (plural vocative)

From kosmosa, genitive singular form of kosmoss (“cosmos”) + kuģis (“ship”).


raķete

raķete (nominative singular)
raķetes (nominative plural)
raķeti (accusative singular)
raķetes (accusative plural)
raķetes (genitive singular)
raķešu (genitive plural)
raķetei (dative singular)
raķetēm (dative plural)
raķeti (instrumental singular)
raķetēm (instrumental plural)
raķetē (locative singular)
raķetēs (locative plural)
raķete (singular vocative)
raķetes (plural vocative)

Ultimately from Italian rocchetta, dim. of rocca (“distaff”).


printeris

printeris (nominative singular)
printeri (nominative plural)
printeri (accusative singular)
printerus (accusative plural)
printera (genitive singular)
printeru (genitive plural)
printerim (dative singular)
printeriem (dative plural)
printeri (instrumental singular)
printeriem (instrumental plural)
printerī (locative singular)
printeros (locative plural)
printeri (singular vocative)
printeri (plural vocative)

printer (device that prints images and text on paper)


kariete

kariete (nominative singular)
karietes (nominative plural)
karieti (accusative singular)
karietes (accusative plural)
karietes (genitive singular)
kariešu (genitive plural)
karietei (dative singular)
karietēm (dative plural)
karieti (instrumental singular)
karietēm (instrumental plural)
karietē (locative singular)
karietēs (locative plural)
kariete (singular vocative)
karietes (plural vocative)

carriage, coach (wheeled vehicle, generally drawn by horse power)


putekļsūcējs

putekļsūcējs (nominative singular)
putekļsūcēji (nominative plural)
putekļsūcēju (accusative singular)
putekļsūcējus (accusative plural)
putekļsūcēja (genitive singular)
putekļsūcēju (genitive plural)
putekļsūcējam (dative singular)
putekļsūcējiem (dative plural)
putekļsūcēju (instrumental singular)
putekļsūcējiem (instrumental plural)
putekļsūcējā (locative singular)
putekļsūcējos (locative plural)
putekļsūcēj (singular vocative)
putekļsūcēji (plural vocative)

From putekļi (“dust”) + sūcējs (“sucker”), from sūkt (“to suck”). Featuring -ējs agent noun ending.
Likely a calque of German Staubsauger.


ledlauzis

ledlauzis (nominative singular)
ledlauži (nominative plural)
ledlauzi (accusative singular)
ledlaužus (accusative plural)
ledlauža (genitive singular)
ledlaužu (genitive plural)
ledlauzim (dative singular)
ledlaužiem (dative plural)
ledlauzi (instrumental singular)
ledlaužiem (instrumental plural)
ledlauzī (locative singular)
ledlaužos (locative plural)
ledlauzi (singular vocative)
ledlauži (plural vocative)