i

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

The name of the Latin-script letter I/i.


pants

pants (nominative singular)
panti (nominative plural)
pantu (accusative singular)
pantus (accusative plural)
panta (genitive singular)
pantu (genitive plural)
pantam (dative singular)
pantiem (dative plural)
pantu (instrumental singular)
pantiem (instrumental plural)
pantā (locative singular)
pantos (locative plural)
pant (singular vocative)
panti (plural vocative)

(law) paragraph, article, clause (section of legal document)


delta

delta (nominative singular)
deltas (nominative plural)
deltu (accusative singular)
deltas (accusative plural)
deltas (genitive singular)
deltu (genitive plural)
deltai (dative singular)
deltām (dative plural)
deltu (instrumental singular)
deltām (instrumental plural)
deltā (locative singular)
deltās (locative plural)
delta (singular vocative)
deltas (plural vocative)


Ezra

Ezra (nominative singular)
Ezras (nominative plural)
Ezru (accusative singular)
Ezras (accusative plural)
Ezras (genitive singular)
Ezru (genitive plural)
Ezrai (dative singular)
Ezrām (dative plural)
Ezru (instrumental singular)
Ezrām (instrumental plural)
Ezrā (locative singular)
Ezrās (locative plural)
Ezra (singular vocative)
Ezras (plural vocative)


svastika

svastika (nominative singular)
svastikas (nominative plural)
svastiku (accusative singular)
svastikas (accusative plural)
svastikas (genitive singular)
svastiku (genitive plural)
svastikai (dative singular)
svastikām (dative plural)
svastiku (instrumental singular)
svastikām (instrumental plural)
svastikā (locative singular)
svastikās (locative plural)
svastika (singular vocative)
svastikas (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Sanskrit स्वस्तिक (svastika).

swastika (old religious symbol, later co-opted by the German Nazi party)


Marta

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1591. Cognate to English Martha.


burts

burts (nominative singular)
burti (nominative plural)
burtu (accusative singular)
burtus (accusative plural)
burta (genitive singular)
burtu (genitive plural)
burtam (dative singular)
burtiem (dative plural)
burtu (instrumental singular)
burtiem (instrumental plural)
burtā (locative singular)
burtos (locative plural)
burt (singular vocative)
burti (plural vocative)

Originally the masculine past participle of the verb burt (“to conjure magic”) (q.v.). Just as burt originally meant “to carve (marks, on a tree),” burts was originally “mark(s) carved on a tree.” Cognates include Lithuanian bùrtas (“lot, (pl.) sorcery”).

cog

lielais burts

mazais burts

rakstīts, drukāts burts

latīņu, gotu, grieķu burti

letter (graphic symbol that represents a sound in a language)

metāla, koka burti

burtu garnitūras

burtu liešana

(typography) type, font (typesetting printing unit; syn. burtstabiņš, litera)


Rute

Rute (nominative singular)
Rutes (nominative plural)
Ruti (accusative singular)
Rutes (accusative plural)
Rutes (genitive singular)
Rušu (genitive plural)
Rutei (dative singular)
Rutēm (dative plural)
Ruti (instrumental singular)
Rutēm (instrumental plural)
Rutē (locative singular)
Rutēs (locative plural)
Rute (singular vocative)
Rutes (plural vocative)

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in the end of the 19th century. From Hebrew.


tinte

tinte (nominative singular)
tintes (nominative plural)
tinti (accusative singular)
tintes (accusative plural)
tintes (genitive singular)
tinšu (genitive plural)
tintei (dative singular)
tintēm (dative plural)
tinti (instrumental singular)
tintēm (instrumental plural)
tintē (locative singular)
tintēs (locative plural)
tinte (singular vocative)
tintes (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Tinte, itself a borrowing from Latin tincta (aqua) (“colored water, liquid”). This word is first mentioned in the early 19th century. It replaced an earlier borrowing blaka, from Middle Low German blak, black (“black ink”). An attempt to introduce a neologism melne (from melns (“black”); compare Russian черни́ла (černíla, “ink”), from чёрный (čórnyj, “black”)) also failed.

der

zilā, sarkanā, melnā tinte

parastā, speciālā tinte

gliemju tintes dziedzeri

(biology, anatomy) ink (dark liquid produced by certain animals or plants)


spalva

spalva (nominative singular)
spalvas (nominative plural)
spalvu (accusative singular)
spalvas (accusative plural)
spalvas (genitive singular)
spalvu (genitive plural)
spalvai (dative singular)
spalvām (dative plural)
spalvu (instrumental singular)
spalvām (instrumental plural)
spalvā (locative singular)
spalvās (locative plural)
spalva (singular vocative)
spalvas (plural vocative)

From Proto-Baltic *spalwā, from Proto-Indo-European *pel-, *spʰel- (“to split, cast off”) with a w extension. Alternatively, *spalu- may simply have been a u-stem noun, later transformed into an ā-stem noun: *spalu-ā- > *spalvā-. The original meaning was probably “that which was torn off, plucked, shorn.” Cognates include Lithuanian spalvà (“color”) (“color” meaning is a secondary development), Sudovian spiła.

noasināta zoss spalva

rakstāmspalva

pildspalva

rupja, smalka spalva

iemērkt spalvu tintē, tušā

pirmais spalvas mēģinājums

the first attempt at the pen (= at writing, by a new author)

quill, pen (especially to be used as a writing instrument)


jambs

jambs (nominative singular)
jambi (nominative plural)
jambu (accusative singular)
jambus (accusative plural)
jamba (genitive singular)
jambu (genitive plural)
jambam (dative singular)
jambiem (dative plural)
jambu (instrumental singular)
jambiem (instrumental plural)
jambā (locative singular)
jambos (locative plural)
jamb (singular vocative)
jambi (plural vocative)


interpunkcija

interpunkcija (nominative singular)
interpunkciju (accusative singular)
interpunkcijas (genitive singular)
interpunkcijai (dative singular)
interpunkciju (instrumental singular)
interpunkcijā (locative singular)
interpunkcija (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin interpunctiō, from inter (“between”) and punctiō (“pricking, puncturing”), from the verb pungo (“to prick, to puncture, to sting”).

interpunkcijas sistēma

apgūt interpunkciju

interpunkcijas kļūdas

izvēloties pieturzīmes, jāņem vērā interpunkcijas un citu rakstības zīmju un paņēmienu mijiedarbība

when choosing punctuation marks, one must take into account the interaction of punctuation and other writing symbols and modes

vispirms tulkotājiem pārmetums, ka viņi pārāk brīvi rīkojušies ar interpunkciju

the first criticism of translators is that they treat punctuation too freely

punctuation mark
punctuation mark#English

(orthography) punctuation (the set of punctuation marks in a given language; the use of punctuation marks in a given language)


bibliotēka

bibliotēka (nominative singular)
bibliotēkas (nominative plural)
bibliotēku (accusative singular)
bibliotēkas (accusative plural)
bibliotēkas (genitive singular)
bibliotēku (genitive plural)
bibliotēkai (dative singular)
bibliotēkām (dative plural)
bibliotēku (instrumental singular)
bibliotēkām (instrumental plural)
bibliotēkā (locative singular)
bibliotēkās (locative plural)
bibliotēka (singular vocative)
bibliotēkas (plural vocative)


Jānis

Jānis (nominative singular)
Jāņi (nominative plural)
Jāni (accusative singular)
Jāņus (accusative plural)
Jāņa (genitive singular)
Jāņu (genitive plural)
Jānim (dative singular)
Jāņiem (dative plural)
Jāni (instrumental singular)
Jāņiem (instrumental plural)
Jānī (locative singular)
Jāņos (locative plural)
Jāni (singular vocative)
Jāņi (plural vocative)

First recorded in 13th century. Ultimately from Hebrew, cognate to English John.


Jesaja

Jesaja (nominative singular)
Jesajas (nominative plural)
Jesaju (accusative singular)
Jesajas (accusative plural)
Jesajas (genitive singular)
Jesaju (genitive plural)
Jesajai (dative singular)
Jesajām (dative plural)
Jesaju (instrumental singular)
Jesajām (instrumental plural)
Jesajā (locative singular)
Jesajās (locative plural)
Jesaja (singular vocative)
Jesajas (plural vocative)


Miha

Miha (nominative singular)
Mihas (nominative plural)
Mihu (accusative singular)
Mihas (accusative plural)
Mihas (genitive singular)
Mihu (genitive plural)
Mihai (dative singular)
Mihām (dative plural)
Mihu (instrumental singular)
Mihām (instrumental plural)
Mihā (locative singular)
Mihās (locative plural)
Miha (singular vocative)
Mihas (plural vocative)


Ādams

First recorded in 1522. Ultimately from Hebrew. Cognate to English Adam.


Marija

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1460. From Latin Maria, from Ancient Greek Μαρία (María), Μαριάμ (Mariám), ultimately from Hebrew מִרְיָם (miryám). Cognate to English Mary.


A diacritical mark of the Latin script, called garumzīme (“macron”) in Latvian, and found on Ā/ā, Ē/ē, Ī/ī and Ū/ū.


A diacritical mark of the Latin script, called sediļa, "āķītis," mīkstinājuma zīme (“cedilla”) in Latvian, and found on Ģ/ģ, Ķ/ķ, Ļ/ļ and Ņ/ņ.


Ieva

Ieva (nominative singular)
Ievu (accusative singular)
Ievas (genitive singular)
Ievai (dative singular)
Ievu (instrumental singular)
Ievā (locative singular)
Ieva (singular vocative)

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1743. From Latin Eva, ultimately from Hebrew. Also a plant name from ieva (“bird cherry”).


Obadja

Obadja (nominative singular)
Obadjas (nominative plural)
Obadju (accusative singular)
Obadjas (accusative plural)
Obadjas (genitive singular)
Obadju (genitive plural)
Obadjai (dative singular)
Obadjām (dative plural)
Obadju (instrumental singular)
Obadjām (instrumental plural)
Obadjā (locative singular)
Obadjās (locative plural)
Obadja (singular vocative)
Obadjas (plural vocative)


Izraēla

Izraēla (nominative singular)
Izraēlu (accusative singular)
Izraēlas (genitive singular)
Izraēlai (dative singular)
Izraēlu (instrumental singular)
Izraēlā (locative singular)
Izraēla (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (yisra'él, “Israel”), which, in Biblical Hebrew, means "he who wrestles with God" (a Biblical name for Jacob after he wrestles with an adversary, later extended to cover the Jewish people and their land).

(biblical) Israel (A Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people)

(historical) Israel (an ancient kingdom in Western Asia, roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel and the Land of Israel)

(historical) Israel (an ancient kingdom that occupied the northern part of the Land of Israel and modern State of Israel, as distinct from Judah)


sonets

sonets (nominative singular)
soneti (nominative plural)
sonetu (accusative singular)
sonetus (accusative plural)
soneta (genitive singular)
sonetu (genitive plural)
sonetam (dative singular)
sonetiem (dative plural)
sonetu (instrumental singular)
sonetiem (instrumental plural)
sonetā (locative singular)
sonetos (locative plural)
sonet (singular vocative)
soneti (plural vocative)


manuskripts

manuskripts (nominative singular)
manuskripti (nominative plural)
manuskriptu (accusative singular)
manuskriptus (accusative plural)
manuskripta (genitive singular)
manuskriptu (genitive plural)
manuskriptam (dative singular)
manuskriptiem (dative plural)
manuskriptu (instrumental singular)
manuskriptiem (instrumental plural)
manuskriptā (locative singular)
manuskriptos (locative plural)
manuskript (singular vocative)
manuskripti (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Medieval Latin manuscriptum (“writing by hand”), from Latin manus (“hand”) and scrīptus, the past participle of scrībō (“to write”), apparently a calque of Germanic origin (cf. earlier Middle High German hantschrift, hantgeschrift, Old English handġewrit (“what is written by hand, deed, contract, manuscript”), Old Norse handrit (“manuscript”)).

cog

viduslaiku manuskripts

literatūras muzeju manuskripti

es simtgadīgo ķieģeļu kaudzē atradu vecu manuskriptu... tas bija arābu burtiem ar melnu un sarkanu tušu aprakstīts pergaments

I found an old manuscript in a pile of hundred-year-old bricks... it was a parchment covered with Arabic letters in black and red ink

(history) manuscript (a handwritten text, usually an old one)


Zuzanna

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1608. Ultimately from Hebrew. Cognate to English Susan.


korāns

korāns (nominative singular)
korāni (nominative plural)
korānu (accusative singular)
korānus (accusative plural)
korāna (genitive singular)
korānu (genitive plural)
korānam (dative singular)
korāniem (dative plural)
korānu (instrumental singular)
korāniem (instrumental plural)
korānā (locative singular)
korānos (locative plural)
korān (singular vocative)
korāni (plural vocative)


autors

lv-noun

autors m (1st declension, feminine form: autore)

autore (feminine)
autors (nominative singular)
autori (nominative plural)
autoru (accusative singular)
autorus (accusative plural)
autora (genitive singular)
autoru (genitive plural)
autoram (dative singular)
autoriem (dative plural)
autoru (instrumental singular)
autoriem (instrumental plural)
autorā (locative singular)
autoros (locative plural)
autor (singular vocative)
autori (plural vocative)

Ultimately from New Latin autor, from Latin auctor. Compare Lithuanian autorius, Polish autor, German Autor.


apostrofs

apostrofs (nominative singular)
apostrofi (nominative plural)
apostrofu (accusative singular)
apostrofus (accusative plural)
apostrofa (genitive singular)
apostrofu (genitive plural)
apostrofam (dative singular)
apostrofiem (dative plural)
apostrofu (instrumental singular)
apostrofiem (instrumental plural)
apostrofā (locative singular)
apostrofos (locative plural)
apostrof (singular vocative)
apostrofi (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin apostrophus, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀπόστροφος (apóstrophos, “accent of elision”), a nominal use of an adjective derived from the verb ἀποστρέφω (apostréphō, “I turn away”).

uder

lietot apostrofu

likt apostrofu vārdu beigās

to put an apostrophe at the ends of words

diacritical mark
diacritical mark#English

(orthography) apostrophe (the ’ character, used in some languages as a punctuation mark and as a diacritical mark in others)


kols

kols (nominative singular)
koli (nominative plural)
kolu (accusative singular)
kolus (accusative plural)
kola (genitive singular)
kolu (genitive plural)
kolam (dative singular)
koliem (dative plural)
kolu (instrumental singular)
koliem (instrumental plural)
kolā (locative singular)
kolos (locative plural)
kol (singular vocative)
koli (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin cōlon (“a member of a verse of poem”), itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek κῶλον (kôlon, “a member, limb, clause, part of a verse”).

uder

kols ir ne vien gramatiski, bet arī jēdzieniski nosacīta pieturzīme... tas arvien norāda uz sekojošu paskaidrojumu

the colon is a punctuation mark conditioned not only grammatically, but also conceptually... it always points to a following explanation

(orthography) colon (the punctuation mark : which usually indicates a longer pause)


punkts

punkts (nominative singular)
punkti (nominative plural)
punktu (accusative singular)
punktus (accusative plural)
punkta (genitive singular)
punktu (genitive plural)
punktam (dative singular)
punktiem (dative plural)
punktu (instrumental singular)
punktiem (instrumental plural)
punktā (locative singular)
punktos (locative plural)
punkt (singular vocative)
punkti (plural vocative)

stop/full stop, period (punctuation mark)


Jāzeps

First recorded in 17th century. Ultimately from Hebrew, cognate to English Joseph.


Jēkabs

First recorded in 1610. Ultimately from Hebrew, cognate to English Jacob and James.


Pēteris

Pēteris (nominative singular)
Pētei (nominative plural)
Pēteri (accusative singular)
Pēteus (accusative plural)
Pētea (genitive singular)
Pēteu (genitive plural)
Pēterim (dative singular)
Pēteiem (dative plural)
Pēteri (instrumental singular)
Pēteiem (instrumental plural)
Pēterī (locative singular)
Pēteos (locative plural)
Pēteri (singular vocative)
Pētei (plural vocative)

First recorded in 13th century. Ultimately from Ancient Greek Πέτρος (Pétros), cognate to English Peter.


Pāvils

First recorded in 1638. Ultimately from Latin Paulus . Cognate to English Paul.


Andrejs

Andrejs (nominative singular)
Andreji (nominative plural)
Andreju (accusative singular)
Andrejus (accusative plural)
Andreja (genitive singular)
Andreju (genitive plural)
Andrejam (dative singular)
Andrejiem (dative plural)
Andreju (instrumental singular)
Andrejiem (instrumental plural)
Andrejā (locative singular)
Andrejos (locative plural)
Andrej (singular vocative)
Andreji (plural vocative)

First recorded in 1204. Ultimately from Ancient Greek. Cognate to English Andrew.


Toms

First recorded in 1537. Ultimately from Aramaic. Cognate to English Thomas.

A respelling of the English male given name diminutive Tom.


Dāvids

First recorded in 1607. Ultimately from Hebrew. Cognate to English David.


Matejs

First recorded in 1750. From Latin Mattheus, ultimately from Hebrew.


Matīss

Matīss (nominative singular)
Matīsi (nominative plural)
Matīsu (accusative singular)
Matīsus (accusative plural)
Matīsa (genitive singular)
Matīsu (genitive plural)
Matīsam (dative singular)
Matīsiem (dative plural)
Matīsu (instrumental singular)
Matīsiem (instrumental plural)
Matīsā (locative singular)
Matīsos (locative plural)
Matīs (singular vocative)
Matīsi (plural vocative)

First recorded in 1388. From Latin Matthias, ultimately from Hebrew. Cognate to English Matthias and Matthew.


Marks

Marks (nominative singular)
Marki (nominative plural)
Marku (accusative singular)
Markus (accusative plural)
Marka (genitive singular)
Marku (genitive plural)
Markam (dative singular)
Markiem (dative plural)
Marku (instrumental singular)
Markiem (instrumental plural)
Markā (locative singular)
Markos (locative plural)
Mark (singular vocative)
Marki (plural vocative)

First recorded in 1582. From Latin Marcus. Cognate to English Mark.


Miķelis

First recorded in 1601. From Hebrew. Cognate to English Michael.


Stefans

First recorded in 1367. Ultimately from Ancient Greek Στέφανος (Stéphanos).


Daniels

First recorded in 1316. Ultimately from Hebrew דניּאל (daniyél). Cognate to English Daniel.


háček
marking partial palatalization:
C, [t͡s] → Č, [t͡ʃ]

háček
marking partial palatalization:
S, [s] → Š, [ʃ]

háček
marking partial palatalization:
Z, [z] → Ž, [ʒ]


Elizabete

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1252. Ultimately from Hebrew. Cognate with English Elizabeth.


Lidija

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1881. From Ancient Greek Λυδία (Ludía). Cognate with English Lydia.


Estere

Estere (nominative singular)
Esteres (nominative plural)
Esteri (accusative singular)
Esteres (accusative plural)
Esteres (genitive singular)
Esteu (genitive plural)
Esterei (dative singular)
Esterēm (dative plural)
Esteri (instrumental singular)
Esterēm (instrumental plural)
Esterē (locative singular)
Esterēs (locative plural)
Estere (singular vocative)
Esteres (plural vocative)

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in the 15th century. Cognate to English Esther.


Tamāra

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in the end of the 19th century. Ultimately from Hebrew תמר (tāmār, “date palm”). Cognate with English Tamara.

Тама́ра Тамара#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Тама́ра (Tamára).


Judīte

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1650. From Hebrew. Cognate with English Judith.


Sīmanis

First recorded as a given name of Latvians in 1562. Ultimately from Hebrew. Cognate with English Simon.


krusts

krusts (nominative singular)
krusti (nominative plural)
krustu (accusative singular)
krustus (accusative plural)
krusta (genitive singular)
krustu (genitive plural)
krustam (dative singular)
krustiem (dative plural)
krustu (instrumental singular)
krustiem (instrumental plural)
krustā (locative singular)
krustos (locative plural)
krust (singular vocative)
krusti (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old East Slavic крьстъ (krĭstŭ) (compare Russian крест (krest)) (from Old High German Christ (“Christ”)), which regularly yielded Latvian dialectal krists. The u of the standard Latvian form krusts, however, is not obviously explainable. There are several theories: contamination of Latin crux (“cross”) and Christus (words that Latvians would often hear in Latin in church), influence of Old East Slavic *кръстъ (*krŭstŭ), an earlier borrowing from Old Norse kross (with an open o which old Baltic dialects would have borrowed as u); or perhaps no borrowing (krusts might come from an old Proto-Indo-European word cognate with Latin crux).

krusta astotnieks

(card games) clubs (one of the four suits of playing cards, marked with the symbol ♣)


rakstnieks

lv-noun

rakstnieks m (1st declension, feminine form: rakstniece)

rakstniece (feminine)
rakstnieks (nominative singular)
rakstnieki (nominative plural)
rakstnieku (accusative singular)
rakstniekus (accusative plural)
rakstnieka (genitive singular)
rakstnieku (genitive plural)
rakstniekam (dative singular)
rakstniekiem (dative plural)
rakstnieku (instrumental singular)
rakstniekiem (instrumental plural)
rakstniekā (locative singular)
rakstniekos (locative plural)
rakstniek (singular vocative)
rakstnieki (plural vocative)

Coined by Juris Alunāns, from raksts (“writing”) + -nieks, in the 1850s.


Bībele

Bībele (nominative singular)
Bībeli (accusative singular)
Bībeles (genitive singular)
Bībelei (dative singular)
Bībeli (instrumental singular)
Bībelē (locative singular)
Bībele (singular vocative)

From Ancient Greek βιβλία (biblía, “books”), plural of βιβλίον (biblíon, “small book”), originally a diminutive of βίβλος (bíblos, “book”), from βύβλος (búblos, “papyrus”) (from the ancient Phoenician city of Byblos which exported this writing material).


bībele

bībele (nominative singular)
bībeles (nominative plural)
bībeli (accusative singular)
bībeles (accusative plural)
bībeles (genitive singular)
bībeļu (genitive plural)
bībelei (dative singular)
bībelēm (dative plural)
bībeli (instrumental singular)
bībelēm (instrumental plural)
bībelē (locative singular)
bībelēs (locative plural)
bībele (singular vocative)
bībeles (plural vocative)

(compare Bībele) a bible, a copy of the Bible


Korāns

Korāns (nominative singular)
Korānu (accusative singular)
Korāna (genitive singular)
Korānam (dative singular)
Korānu (instrumental singular)
Korānā (locative singular)
Korān (singular vocative)


gredzens

gredzens (nominative singular)
gredzeni (nominative plural)
gredzenu (accusative singular)
gredzenus (accusative plural)
gredzena (genitive singular)
gredzenu (genitive plural)
gredzenam (dative singular)
gredzeniem (dative plural)
gredzenu (instrumental singular)
gredzeniem (instrumental plural)
gredzenā (locative singular)
gredzenos (locative plural)
gredzen (singular vocative)
gredzeni (plural vocative)

From an earlier (unattested) Latvian adjective *gregs (“turned, twisted, woven”) or noun *gred(z)is (“bay, bent”) (cf. place names like Gredzups) + -ens, from a verb *gregt (“to turn, to twist, to weave, to braid”), from Proto-Baltic *greg-, from Proto-Indo-European *gerg-, *greg-, from a stem *ger- (“to turn, to twist”) (whence also griezt (“to turn”), q.v.) with an extra -g. The original meaning was “turned, bent, woven thing” > “round woven thing (like a wreath)” > “ring.” Cognates include Old Prussian graudis (corrected to grandis), Old Norse krākr (“bending, bay, hook”), Middle English crinkled (“turned, twisted”), English crinkle, Dutch krinkel (“loop, noose”).

cog

romāns radīts pēc gredzena principā

a roman written according to the principle of circularity

(literature) circle, circular (principle for composing works of art so that their end is equal or similar to their beginning)


lappuse

lappuse (nominative singular)
lappuses (nominative plural)
lappusi (accusative singular)
lappuses (accusative plural)
lappuses (genitive singular)
lappušu (genitive plural)
lappusei (dative singular)
lappusēm (dative plural)
lappusi (instrumental singular)
lappusēm (instrumental plural)
lappusē (locative singular)
lappusēs (locative plural)
lappuse (singular vocative)
lappuses (plural vocative)

From lapa (“leaf, sheet”) + puse (“side”).

lappušu numerācija

lasīt lappusi pēc lappuses

grāmatas, žurnāla, kalendāra lappuses

divsimt lappušu bieza grāmata

sākt, (pa)vērt jaunu vēstures lappusi

page (a stage in a sequence, in the development of something)


pildspalva

pildspalva (nominative singular)
pildspalvas (nominative plural)
pildspalvu (accusative singular)
pildspalvas (accusative plural)
pildspalvas (genitive singular)
pildspalvu (genitive plural)
pildspalvai (dative singular)
pildspalvām (dative plural)
pildspalvu (instrumental singular)
pildspalvām (instrumental plural)
pildspalvā (locative singular)
pildspalvās (locative plural)
pildspalva (singular vocative)
pildspalvas (plural vocative)

From pild(īt) (“to fill”) + spalva (“pen, feather”).

compound

lodīšu pildspalva

tintes pildspalva

iepildīit pildspalvā tinti

pen (small cylindrical instrument, containing ink, used to write)


tintes pildspalva

tintes pildspalva (nominative singular)
tintes pildspalvas (nominative plural)
tintes pildspalvu (accusative singular)
tintes pildspalvas (accusative plural)
tintes pildspalvas (genitive singular)
tintes pildspalvu (genitive plural)
tintes pildspalvai (dative singular)
tintes pildspalvām (dative plural)
tintes pildspalvu (instrumental singular)
tintes pildspalvām (instrumental plural)
tintes pildspalvā (locative singular)
tintes pildspalvās (locative plural)
tintes pildspalva (singular vocative)
tintes pildspalvas (plural vocative)

fountain pen (pen with a reservoir of ink, automatically fed to a writing nib)


lodīšu pildspalva

lodīšu pildspalva (nominative singular)
lodīšu pildspalvas (nominative plural)
lodīšu pildspalvu (accusative singular)
lodīšu pildspalvas (accusative plural)
lodīšu pildspalvas (genitive singular)
lodīšu pildspalvu (genitive plural)
lodīšu pildspalvai (dative singular)
lodīšu pildspalvām (dative plural)
lodīšu pildspalvu (instrumental singular)
lodīšu pildspalvām (instrumental plural)
lodīšu pildspalvā (locative singular)
lodīšu pildspalvās (locative plural)
lodīšu pildspalva (singular vocative)
lodīšu pildspalvas (plural vocative)

ballpoint pen (pen with a small rolling ball at the tip)


burtstabiņš

burtstabiņš (nominative singular)
burtstabiņi (nominative plural)
burtstabiņu (accusative singular)
burtstabiņus (accusative plural)
burtstabiņa (genitive singular)
burtstabiņu (genitive plural)
burtstabiņam (dative singular)
burtstabiņiem (dative plural)
burtstabiņu (instrumental singular)
burtstabiņiem (instrumental plural)
burtstabiņā (locative singular)
burtstabiņos (locative plural)
burtstabiņ (singular vocative)
burtstabiņi (plural vocative)

From burts (“letter”) + stabiņš (“block”) (with stabiņš from stabs (“pole, post”) + -iņš (“dim.”)).
Possibly a calque of German Buchstabe.

svina, koka burtstabiņi

(typography) type, font (typesetting printing unit; a little metal block with a letter engraved on one side)


cē

Latin script
Appendix:Latin script#English

The Latvian name of the Latin script letter C/c.


zīmulis

zīmulis (nominative singular)
zīmuļi (nominative plural)
zīmuli (accusative singular)
zīmuļus (accusative plural)
zīmuļa (genitive singular)
zīmuļu (genitive plural)
zīmulim (dative singular)
zīmuļiem (dative plural)
zīmuli (instrumental singular)
zīmuļiem (instrumental plural)
zīmulī (locative singular)
zīmuļos (locative plural)
zīmuli (singular vocative)
zīmuļi (plural vocative)

Coined by Atis Kronvalds from zīme (“sign, symbol”) (q.v.) or zīmēt (“to draw”) ( + -ulis) around 1870.

smails zīmulis

rakstīt ar zīmuli

zīmuļa vilciens

zīmuļu asināmais

asināt zīmuli

krāsu, krāsainie zīmuļi

ciets, mīksts zīmulis

hard, soft pencil (i.e., with lead wears out slowly, or quickly)

pencil (instrument made of graphite or lead, usually inside a wooden frame, used for writing or drawing)


filologs

lv-noun

filologs m (1st declension, feminine form: filoloģe)

filoloģe (feminine)
filologs (nominative singular)
filologi (nominative plural)
filologu (accusative singular)
filologus (accusative plural)
filologa (genitive singular)
filologu (genitive plural)
filologam (dative singular)
filologiem (dative plural)
filologu (instrumental singular)
filologiem (instrumental plural)
filologā (locative singular)
filologos (locative plural)
filolog (singular vocative)
filologi (plural vocative)

J. Endzelīna personība ir ietekmējuši vairākas latviešu filologu paaudzes

J. Endzelīns' personality has influenced many generations of Latvian philologists

(male) philologist (a specialist in philology)


filoloģe

filoloģe f (5th declension, masculine form: filologs)

filologs (masculine)
filoloģe (nominative singular)
filoloģes (nominative plural)
filoloģi (accusative singular)
filoloģes (accusative plural)
filoloģes (genitive singular)
filoloģu (genitive plural)
filoloģei (dative singular)
filoloģēm (dative plural)
filoloģi (instrumental singular)
filoloģēm (instrumental plural)
filoloģē (locative singular)
filoloģēs (locative plural)
filoloģe (singular vocative)
filoloģes (plural vocative)

From filologs (“philologist”) + -e (“fem.”) (with palatalization of g to ģ).

(female) philologist (a specialist in philology)


filoloģija

filoloģija (nominative singular)
filoloģiju (accusative singular)
filoloģijas (genitive singular)
filoloģijai (dative singular)
filoloģiju (instrumental singular)
filoloģijā (locative singular)
filoloģija (singular vocative)

Via some other European language, ultimately from Ancient Greek φιλολογία (philología, “love of argument or reasoning, love of learning and literature”), from φίλος (phílos, “loved, beloved, dear, friend”) and λόγος (lógos, “word; treaty; study of”) with the suffix -ία (-ía) (Latvian -ija).

uder

latviešu filoloģija

Latvian language and literature (lit. philology)

baltu filoloģija

Baltic language and literature (lit. philology)

philology, language and literature studies


filoloģisks

head

filoloģisks (definite filoloģiskais, adverb filoloģiski)

filoloģiskais (definite)
filoloģiski (adverb)
filoloģisks (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
filoloģiski (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
filoloģiska (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
filoloģiskas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
filoloģisku (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
filoloģiskus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
filoloģisku (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
filoloģiskas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
filoloģiska (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
filoloģisku (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
filoloģiskas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
filoloģisku (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
filoloģiskam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
filoloģiskiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
filoloģiskai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
filoloģiskām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
filoloģisku (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
filoloģiskiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
filoloģisku (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
filoloģiskām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
filoloģiskā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
filoloģiskos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
filoloģiskā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
filoloģiskās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From filoloģija (“philology”) + -isks. Probably not derived as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from another European language.

filoloģiski pētījumi


tintnīca

tintnīca (nominative singular)
tintnīcas (nominative plural)
tintnīcu (accusative singular)
tintnīcas (accusative plural)
tintnīcas (genitive singular)
tintnīcu (genitive plural)
tintnīcai (dative singular)
tintnīcām (dative plural)
tintnīcu (instrumental singular)
tintnīcām (instrumental plural)
tintnīcā (locative singular)
tintnīcās (locative plural)
tintnīca (singular vocative)
tintnīcas (plural vocative)

viņš bija nopirkt tintnīcu

ar knipi atsitu vaļā tintnīcu, ņemu savu labāko, iecienītāko spalvu...

with a flip I open the inkwell, I take my best, favorite pen...

prāvai, baltai marmora tintnīcai cieši blakus nolikta blāvi zila porcelāna vāzīte, tajā trīs caurspīdīgi spalvaskāti

right next to the large, white marmor inkwell was a little pale white porcelain vase, in it three transparent penholders

inkwell (an ink container used for writing with a pen)


stāstnieks

lv-noun

stāstnieks m (1st declension, feminine form: stāstniece)

stāstniece (feminine)
stāstnieks (nominative singular)
stāstnieki (nominative plural)
stāstnieku (accusative singular)
stāstniekus (accusative plural)
stāstnieka (genitive singular)
stāstnieku (genitive plural)
stāstniekam (dative singular)
stāstniekiem (dative plural)
stāstnieku (instrumental singular)
stāstniekiem (instrumental plural)
stāstniekā (locative singular)
stāstniekos (locative plural)
stāstniek (singular vocative)
stāstnieki (plural vocative)

mežkopis runāja sausi un neveikli, tikai speciālistiem saprotami... viņš vēl nebija atklājis un izkopis savu stāstnieka talantu

the forester talked dryly and awkwardly, understandable only to specialists... he had not yet discovered and cultivated his storyteller talent


stāsts

stāsts (nominative singular)
stāsti (nominative plural)
stāstu (accusative singular)
stāstus (accusative plural)
stāsta (genitive singular)
stāstu (genitive plural)
stāstam (dative singular)
stāstiem (dative plural)
stāstu (instrumental singular)
stāstiem (instrumental plural)
stāstā (locative singular)
stāstos (locative plural)
stāst (singular vocative)
stāsti (plural vocative)

From the same stem as stāstīt (“to tell, to narrate”), made into a masculine first declension noun.

īsais stāsts

garais stāsts

sadzīves stāsts

sociālais stāsts

psiholoģiskais stāsts

piedzīvojumu stāsts

humoristisks, satīrisks stāsts

reālistisks, fantastisks stāsts

dokumentāls stāsts

stāstu autors

stāstu krājums

stāsta sižets

īsajā stāstā visa uzmanība pievērsta viena vai dažu cilvēku rīcībai vienā notikumā

in the short story all attention is directed to the action(s) of one or a few people in the same event

(literature) story (a literary work of art, in which events of people's lives are narrated)


stāstniece

stāstniece f (5th declension, masculine form: stāstnieks)

stāstnieks (masculine)
stāstniece (nominative singular)
stāstnieces (nominative plural)
stāstnieci (accusative singular)
stāstnieces (accusative plural)
stāstnieces (genitive singular)
stāstnieču (genitive plural)
stāstniecei (dative singular)
stāstniecēm (dative plural)
stāstnieci (instrumental singular)
stāstniecēm (instrumental plural)
stāstniecē (locative singular)
stāstniecēs (locative plural)
stāstniece (singular vocative)
stāstnieces (plural vocative)

From stāsts (“story”) + -niece, or stāstnieks (“story writer, storyteller”) + -e (“fem.”) (the latter with palatalization of k to c).

suffix

stāstniece, viņa vecmāmiņa, bija varena, patiešām spoža

the storyteller, his grandmother, was powerful, really brilliant


rakstāmmašīna

rakstāmmašīna (nominative singular)
rakstāmmašīnas (nominative plural)
rakstāmmašīnu (accusative singular)
rakstāmmašīnas (accusative plural)
rakstāmmašīnas (genitive singular)
rakstāmmašīnu (genitive plural)
rakstāmmašīnai (dative singular)
rakstāmmašīnām (dative plural)
rakstāmmašīnu (instrumental singular)
rakstāmmašīnām (instrumental plural)
rakstāmmašīnā (locative singular)
rakstāmmašīnās (locative plural)
rakstāmmašīna (singular vocative)
rakstāmmašīnas (plural vocative)

From rakstāms (“writing”) + mašīna (“machine”).

compound

portatīva rakstāmmašīna

elektriskā rakstāmmašīna

rakstāmmašīnas tastatūra

rakstāmmašīnas šrifts

rakstāmmašīnas papīrs

pārrakstīt tekstu ar rakstāmmašīnu

to rewrite, to copy a text with a typerwriter

varēja sadzirdēt redakcijā rakstāmmašīnu klusināto, zibenīgo klaudzoņu

one could hear in the office the muffled but fulminant clatter of typewriters

typewriter (a device for printing text by pressing keys that cause letters to be written by contact between a type and an ink ribbon)


klade

klade (nominative singular)
klades (nominative plural)
kladi (accusative singular)
klades (accusative plural)
klades (genitive singular)
klažu (genitive plural)
kladei (dative singular)
kladēm (dative plural)
kladi (instrumental singular)
kladēm (instrumental plural)
kladē (locative singular)
kladēs (locative plural)
klade (singular vocative)
klades (plural vocative)


dzeja

dzeja (nominative singular)
dzejas (nominative plural)
dzeju (accusative singular)
dzejas (accusative plural)
dzejas (genitive singular)
dzeju (genitive plural)
dzejai (dative singular)
dzejām (dative plural)
dzeju (instrumental singular)
dzejām (instrumental plural)
dzejā (locative singular)
dzejās (locative plural)
dzeja (singular vocative)
dzejas (plural vocative)


enciklopēdija

enciklopēdija (nominative singular)
enciklopēdijas (nominative plural)
enciklopēdiju (accusative singular)
enciklopēdijas (accusative plural)
enciklopēdijas (genitive singular)
enciklopēdiju (genitive plural)
enciklopēdijai (dative singular)
enciklopēdijām (dative plural)
enciklopēdiju (instrumental singular)
enciklopēdijām (instrumental plural)
enciklopēdijā (locative singular)
enciklopēdijās (locative plural)
enciklopēdija (singular vocative)
enciklopēdijas (plural vocative)

encyclopedia (a scholarly publication that provides news on one or more industries and where the material is arranged alphabetically or thematically)


intonācija

intonācija (nominative singular)
intonāciju (accusative singular)
intonācijas (genitive singular)
intonācijai (dative singular)
intonāciju (instrumental singular)
intonācijā (locative singular)
intonācija (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin intonātio (a Medieval Latin formation), made into a 4th-declension feminine noun ( + -ācija).

heroiska, intīma intonācija

jaunajai rakstniecei ir noteikts epiķes talants, bagāts dažādām liriskām intonācijām

the young (female) writer has a definite epic talent, rich with several lyrical intonations

raksturodams cilvēku, Čehovs pārsteidzošā dažādībā rada noskaņu un intonāciju bagātību

(when) characterizing people, Chekhov with surprising diveristy created a richness of moods and tones

(literature) tone, overtone (a general conceptual and emotional mood expressed in, e.g., word order, context, punctuation, etc.)


pieturzīme

pieturzīme (nominative singular)
pieturzīmes (nominative plural)
pieturzīmi (accusative singular)
pieturzīmes (accusative plural)
pieturzīmes (genitive singular)
pieturzīmju (genitive plural)
pieturzīmei (dative singular)
pieturzīmēm (dative plural)
pieturzīmi (instrumental singular)
pieturzīmēm (instrumental plural)
pieturzīmē (locative singular)
pieturzīmēs (locative plural)
pieturzīme (singular vocative)
pieturzīmes (plural vocative)

From pieturas (“stop[gen.]”) + zīme (“symbol”).

pieturzīmju lietošana

pēc gramatiskā principa ar pieturzīmēm atdala, piemēram, salikta teikuma komponentus

following grammatical principles, one separates with punctuation marks, for instance, the components of a complex sentence

punctuation mark (one of various symbols ( ., ; : ? ! etc.) used in writing to facilitate understanding)


komats

komats (nominative singular)
komati (nominative plural)
komatu (accusative singular)
komatus (accusative plural)
komata (genitive singular)
komatu (genitive plural)
komatam (dative singular)
komatiem (dative plural)
komatu (instrumental singular)
komatiem (instrumental plural)
komatā (locative singular)
komatos (locative plural)
komat (singular vocative)
komati (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin comma, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek κόμμα (kómma), from κόπτω (kóptō, “I cut”). The term was made into a 1st-declension masculine noun with an additional final t, probably following the Ancient Greek declensional paradigm (κόμμα (kómma), gen. κόμματος (kómmatos)).

ierakstīt, likt komatu

atdalīt ar komatu

komats latviešu valodas rakstos ir visbiežāk lietotā pieturzīme, un tā funkcijas ir ļoti daudzveidīgas

the comma is the most frequently used punctuation mark in Latvian writing, and its functions are very diverse

“cik ir tauku procents?” jautā Antoniņa... “trīs, komats, deviņi”, tas atbild

“how much is the percentage of fat?” Antoniņa asks... “three comma nine,” he answers

(orthography) comma (punctuation mark (,) usually indicating a short pause; sign used to separate the integer from the decimal part of a number)


daudzpunkte

daudzpunkte (nominative singular)
daudzpunktes (nominative plural)
daudzpunkti (accusative singular)
daudzpunktes (accusative plural)
daudzpunktes (genitive singular)
daudzpunkšu (genitive plural)
daudzpunktei (dative singular)
daudzpunktēm (dative plural)
daudzpunkti (instrumental singular)
daudzpunktēm (instrumental plural)
daudzpunktē (locative singular)
daudzpunktēs (locative plural)
daudzpunkte (singular vocative)
daudzpunktes (plural vocative)

From daudz (“many”) + punkts (“point, dot”), made into a 5th-declension feminine noun (ending -e).

nobeigt teikumu ar daudzpunkti

sākt rindkopu ar daudzpunkti

apzīmēt izlaidumu ar daudzpunkti

saskaņā ar tīri gramatisko interpunkcijas principu daudzpunkti varētu nelietot pavisam, taču tā var iezīmēt rakstos dažādas loģiskas un psiholoģiskas nianses un norādīt uz intonācijas īpatnībām

in accordance with the principle of grammatical punctuation, ellipses could be not used at all, but they can (serve to) highlight in writing different logical and psychological nuances and point to peculiarities in intonation

(orthography) ellipsis (punctuation mark consisting of three periods (…), used to indicate missing words or text)


semikols

semikols (nominative singular)
semikoli (nominative plural)
semikolu (accusative singular)
semikolus (accusative plural)
semikola (genitive singular)
semikolu (genitive plural)
semikolam (dative singular)
semikoliem (dative plural)
semikolu (instrumental singular)
semikoliem (instrumental plural)
semikolā (locative singular)
semikolos (locative plural)
semikol (singular vocative)
semikoli (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately from the Latin semi- + and the word kols (“colon”) (q.v.), imitating formations like English semicolon.

semikols ir samērā spēcīga atdalītājpieturzīme, ko galvenokārt lieto, lai krasāk nošķirtu atsevišķas salikta teikuma daļas

the semicolon is a rather strong separation mark, used primarily to distinguish sharply between parts of a composite sentence

(orthography) semicolon (punctuation mark (;) usually indicating a pause longer than that of a comma)


pareizrakstība

pareizrakstība (nominative singular)
pareizrakstību (accusative singular)
pareizrakstības (genitive singular)
pareizrakstībai (dative singular)
pareizrakstību (instrumental singular)
pareizrakstībā (locative singular)
pareizrakstība (singular vocative)

From pareizs (“correct”) + rakstība (“writing”) (with rakstība from raksts (“piece of writing”) + -ība).

latviešu valodas pareizrakstība

pareizrakstības likumi, principi

pareizrakstības vārdnīca

labot pareizrakstības kļūdas

Mancelis šai grāmatā lieto jaunu latviešu valodas pareizrakstību

in this book, Mancelis uses the new Latvian orthography

Gunāram neveicās ar pareizrakstību... viņš nezināja, kur likt garumzīmes, neprata atšķirt gadījumus, kad raksta “g”, kad “k”

Gunārs had no luck with spelling... he didn't know where to put the length marks (and) couldn't distinguish the cases in which “g” or “k” must be written

orthography, correct spelling (the officially correct way to spell words in a given language)


ortogrāfija

ortogrāfija (nominative singular)
ortogrāfiju (accusative singular)
ortogrāfijas (genitive singular)
ortogrāfijai (dative singular)
ortogrāfiju (instrumental singular)
ortogrāfijā (locative singular)
ortogrāfija (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Latin orthographia, itself a borrowing from Hellenistic Ancient Greek ὀρθογραφία (orthographía), from ὀρθός (orthós, “correct”) and γράφω (gráphō, “write”).

ortogrāfijas principi

vecā ortogrāfija

old orthography (in Latvia, before the 1920s)

jaunā ortogrāfija

new orthography (in Latvia, after the 1920s)

1918. gadā padomju valdība pieņēma lēmumu par krievu ortogrāfijas grozīšanu

in 1918 the Soviet government adopted a decision on the amendment of the Russian orthography

viena no meitenēm paskaidro ortogrāfijas likumus, bet kāds zēns pasaka interpunkcijas likumus

one of the girls explains the orthography rules, while a boy talks about punctuation rules


ortogrāfisks

head

ortogrāfisks (definite ortogrāfiskais, adverb ortogrāfiski)

ortogrāfiskais (definite)
ortogrāfiski (adverb)
ortogrāfisks (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
ortogrāfiski (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
ortogrāfiska (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
ortogrāfiskas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
ortogrāfisku (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
ortogrāfiskus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
ortogrāfisku (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
ortogrāfiskas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
ortogrāfiska (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
ortogrāfisku (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
ortogrāfiskas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
ortogrāfisku (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
ortogrāfiskam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
ortogrāfiskiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
ortogrāfiskai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
ortogrāfiskām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
ortogrāfisku (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
ortogrāfiskiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
ortogrāfisku (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
ortogrāfiskām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
ortogrāfiskā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
ortogrāfiskos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
ortogrāfiskā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
ortogrāfiskās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From ortogrāfija (“orthography”) + -isks. Clearly not formed as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from other European languages.

ortogrāfiskā rakstība

ortogrāfiska kļūda

orthographic (relating or pertaining to orthography, to spelling)


kaligrāfe

lv-noun

kaligrāfe m (1st declension, masculine form: kaligrāfs)

kaligrāfs (masculine)
kaligrāfe (nominative singular)
kaligrāfes (nominative plural)
kaligrāfi (accusative singular)
kaligrāfes (accusative plural)
kaligrāfes (genitive singular)
kaligrāfu (genitive plural)
kaligrāfei (dative singular)
kaligrāfēm (dative plural)
kaligrāfi (instrumental singular)
kaligrāfēm (instrumental plural)
kaligrāfē (locative singular)
kaligrāfēs (locative plural)
kaligrāfe (singular vocative)
kaligrāfes (plural vocative)

From kaligrāfs (“calligrapher”) + -e (“[fem.]”).

suffix

kaligrāfe un kaligrāfijas skolotāja Līvija Bērziņa saka: “Kad tehnoloģijas ‘nogalina rokrakstu’, pieaug interese glābt to kas palicis”

the female calligrapher and calligraphy teacher Līvija Bērziņa says: “when technology ‘kills the handwriting’, there is growing interest in saving what is left”

(female) calligrapher (a woman who practices calligraphy)


kaligrāfs

lv-noun

kaligrāfs m (1st declension, feminine form: kaligrāfe)

kaligrāfe (feminine)
kaligrāfs (nominative singular)
kaligrāfi (nominative plural)
kaligrāfu (accusative singular)
kaligrāfus (accusative plural)
kaligrāfa (genitive singular)
kaligrāfu (genitive plural)
kaligrāfam (dative singular)
kaligrāfiem (dative plural)
kaligrāfu (instrumental singular)
kaligrāfiem (instrumental plural)
kaligrāfā (locative singular)
kaligrāfos (locative plural)
kaligrāf (singular vocative)
kaligrāfi (plural vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Ancient Greek καλλιγράφος (kalligráphos, “calligrapher”), from κάλλος (kállos, “beauty”) and γράφω (gráphō, “to draw”), made into a first-declension masculine noun (ending -s).

bor

jau desmit gadus Aleksandrs glīti kā kaligrāfs astoņas stundas dienā rakstīja.. rēķinu grāmatās piecu, sešu un septiņu ciparu skaitļus

for ten years already Aleksandrs had been writing five-, six- and seven-digit numbers in the account books, as neatly as a calligrapher (would)

(male) calligrapher (a man who practices calligraphy)


kaligrāfija

kaligrāfija (nominative singular)
kaligrāfiju (accusative singular)
kaligrāfijas (genitive singular)
kaligrāfijai (dative singular)
kaligrāfiju (instrumental singular)
kaligrāfijā (locative singular)
kaligrāfija (singular vocative)

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Ancient Greek καλλιγραφία (kalligraphía, “pretty writing”), from κάλλος (kállos, “beauty”) and γράφω (gráphō, “to draw”), adapted to Latvian lexical patterns ( + -ija).

kaligrāfijas skolotājs

kaligrāfijas nodarbība

kaligrāfija 24 stundās

ķīniešu kaligrāfija

kaligrāfija atkal nāk modē

calligraphy, penmanship (the practice of handwriting in a beautiful, decorative style; words written in such a style)


kaligrāfisks

head

kaligrāfisks (definite kaligrāfiskais, comparative kaligrāfiskāks, superlative viskaligrāfiskākais, adverb kaligrāfiski)

kaligrāfiskais (definite)
kaligrāfiskāks (comparative)
viskaligrāfiskākais (superlative)
kaligrāfiski (adverb)
kaligrāfisks (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
kaligrāfiski (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
kaligrāfiska (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
kaligrāfiskas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
kaligrāfisku (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
kaligrāfiskus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
kaligrāfisku (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
kaligrāfiskas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
kaligrāfiska (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
kaligrāfisku (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
kaligrāfiskas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
kaligrāfisku (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
kaligrāfiskam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
kaligrāfiskiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
kaligrāfiskai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
kaligrāfiskām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
kaligrāfisku (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
kaligrāfiskiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
kaligrāfisku (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
kaligrāfiskām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
kaligrāfiskā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
kaligrāfiskos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
kaligrāfiskā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
kaligrāfiskās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From kaligrāfija (“calligraphy”) + -isks. Probably not derived as such in Latvian, but borrowed and adapted from other European languages.

rakstu darba beigās stingra roka uzvilkusi kaligrāfisku trijnieku

at the end of the written work the left hand had pulled a calligraphic (number) three

it kā šo vietu aktieris būtu pārrakstījis savā skaistajā, kaligrāfiskajā rokrakstā

as if the actor had rewritten (his) role with his beautiful, calligraphic handwriting

(of handwriting) calligraphic (corresponding to the norms and standards of calligraphy; beautifully written)


rakstniecība

rakstniecība (nominative singular)
rakstniecību (accusative singular)
rakstniecības (genitive singular)
rakstniecībai (dative singular)
rakstniecību (instrumental singular)
rakstniecībā (locative singular)
rakstniecība (singular vocative)

From rakstnieks (“writer”) + -ība (with k > c via palatalization), with rakstnieks from raksts (“writing”) + -nieks.

latviešu rakstniecības vēsture

rakstniecības teorija

literature (creative work as a form of art, registered in written form; corpus of creative literary and folkloric texts that belong to a certain culture or people)


daiļliteratūra

daiļliteratūra (nominative singular)
daiļliteratūru (accusative singular)
daiļliteratūras (genitive singular)
daiļliteratūrai (dative singular)
daiļliteratūru (instrumental singular)
daiļliteratūrā (locative singular)
daiļliteratūra (singular vocative)

From daiļa (“beautiful[fem.]”) + literatūra (“literature”).

compound

daiļliteratūras žanri

daiļliteratūras paveidi

daiļliteratūras darbi

mūsu dienās izšķir daiļliteratūru, zinātnisko literatūru, politisko literatūru, tehnisko literatūru...

nowadays one distinguishes (artistic) literature, scientific literature, political literature, technical literature...

katrā daiļliteratūras darbā atspoguļoti zināmi apstākļi, kuros dzīvo un darbojas tēli

in every work of literature (= literary fiction) the known circumstances in which the characters live and act are reflected

literature (form of art that expresses itself via language, via the creation of literary texts)

oriģinālā daiļliteratūra

tulkotā daiļliteratūra

iepazīties ar jaunāko daiļliteratūru

to become acquainted with the latest fiction

viņa aizgūtnēm lasīja daiļliteratūru

literature, fiction (the works of art produced by writers)


rokraksts

rokraksts (nominative singular)
rokraksti (nominative plural)
rokrakstu (accusative singular)
rokrakstus (accusative plural)
rokraksta (genitive singular)
rokrakstu (genitive plural)
rokrakstam (dative singular)
rokrakstiem (dative plural)
rokrakstu (instrumental singular)
rokrakstiem (instrumental plural)
rokrakstā (locative singular)
rokrakstos (locative plural)
rokrakst (singular vocative)
rokraksti (plural vocative)

From roka (“hand”) + raksts (“writing”).

skaidrs, salasāms rokraksts

glīts rokraksts

kaligrāfisks rokraksts

plašs, sīks rokraksts

rokraksta burti

Valdis pazina Mārča rokrakstu: ieslīpi, apaļi burti

Valdis recognized Mārcis' handwriting: slanted, oval letters

jau agri Gehamā pamostas interese par literatūru un rakstniecību... skolas laikā viņš izdod žurnālu rokrakstā

Gehams became soon interested in literature... during school he kept a handwritten journal

handwriting (the production of a text by hand; a specific, personal manner of writing by hand)


Pirmā Mozus grāmata

Pirmā Mozus grāmata (nominative singular)
Pirmo Mozus grāmatu (accusative singular)
Pirmās Mozus grāmatas (genitive singular)
Pirmajai Mozus grāmatai (dative singular)
Pirmo Mozus grāmatu (instrumental singular)
Pirmajā Mozus grāmatā (locative singular)
Pirmo Mozus grāmata (singular vocative)
Pirmā Mozus grāmata (singular vocative)


Trešā Mozus grāmata

Trešā Mozus grāmata (nominative singular)
Trešo Mozus grāmatu (accusative singular)
Trešās Mozus grāmatas (genitive singular)
Trešajai Mozus grāmatai (dative singular)
Trešo Mozus grāmatu (instrumental singular)
Trešajā Mozus grāmatā (locative singular)
Trešo Mozus grāmata (singular vocative)
Trešā Mozus grāmata (singular vocative)


Izceļošanas grāmata

Izceļošanas grāmata (nominative singular)
Izceļošanas grāmatu (accusative singular)
Izceļošanas grāmatas (genitive singular)
Izceļošanas grāmatai (dative singular)
Izceļošanas grāmatu (instrumental singular)
Izceļošanas grāmatā (locative singular)
Izceļošanas grāmata (singular vocative)


Ceturtā Mozus grāmata

head

Ceturtā Mozus grāmata f (4th declension)

Ceturtā Mozus grāmata (nominative singular)
Ceturto Mozus grāmatu (accusative singular)
Ceturtās Mozus grāmatas (genitive singular)
Ceturtajai Mozus grāmatai (dative singular)
Ceturto Mozus grāmatu (instrumental singular)
Ceturtajā Mozus grāmatā (locative singular)
Ceturto Mozus grāmata (singular vocative)
Ceturtā Mozus grāmata (singular vocative)


Piektā Mozus grāmata

Piektā Mozus grāmata (nominative singular)
Piekto Mozus grāmatu (accusative singular)
Piektās Mozus grāmatas (genitive singular)
Piektajai Mozus grāmatai (dative singular)
Piekto Mozus grāmatu (instrumental singular)
Piektajā Mozus grāmatā (locative singular)
Piekto Mozus grāmata (singular vocative)
Piektā Mozus grāmata (singular vocative)


Nehemija

Nehemija (nominative singular)
Nehemijas (nominative plural)
Nehemiju (accusative singular)
Nehemijas (accusative plural)
Nehemijas (genitive singular)
Nehemiju (genitive plural)
Nehemijai (dative singular)
Nehemijām (dative plural)
Nehemiju (instrumental singular)
Nehemijām (instrumental plural)
Nehemijā (locative singular)
Nehemijās (locative plural)
Nehemija (singular vocative)
Nehemijas (plural vocative)


Augstā Dziesma

(religion) Song of Solomon, Song of Songs


Jeremija

Jeremija (nominative singular)
Jeremijas (nominative plural)
Jeremiju (accusative singular)
Jeremijas (accusative plural)
Jeremijas (genitive singular)
Jeremiju (genitive plural)
Jeremijai (dative singular)
Jeremijām (dative plural)
Jeremiju (instrumental singular)
Jeremijām (instrumental plural)
Jeremijā (locative singular)
Jeremijās (locative plural)
Jeremija (singular vocative)
Jeremijas (plural vocative)


Ecēhiēls

Ecēhiēls (nominative singular)
Ecēhiēli (nominative plural)
Ecēhiēlu (accusative singular)
Ecēhiēlus (accusative plural)
Ecēhiēla (genitive singular)
Ecēhiēlu (genitive plural)
Ecēhiēlam (dative singular)
Ecēhiēliem (dative plural)
Ecēhiēlu (instrumental singular)
Ecēhiēliem (instrumental plural)
Ecēhiēlā (locative singular)
Ecēhiēlos (locative plural)
Ecēhiēl (singular vocative)
Ecēhiēli (plural vocative)


Hozeja

Hozeja (nominative singular)
Hozejas (nominative plural)
Hozeju (accusative singular)
Hozejas (accusative plural)
Hozejas (genitive singular)
Hozeju (genitive plural)
Hozejai (dative singular)
Hozejām (dative plural)
Hozeju (instrumental singular)
Hozejām (instrumental plural)
Hozejā (locative singular)
Hozejās (locative plural)
Hozeja (singular vocative)
Hozejas (plural vocative)


Cefanja

Cefanja (nominative singular)
Cefanjas (nominative plural)
Cefanju (accusative singular)
Cefanjas (accusative plural)
Cefanjas (genitive singular)
Cefanju (genitive plural)
Cefanjam (dative singular)
Cefanjām (dative plural)
Cefanju (instrumental singular)
Cefanjām (instrumental plural)
Cefanjā (locative singular)
Cefanjās (locative plural)
Cefanja (singular vocative)
Cefanjas (plural vocative)


Caharija

Caharija (nominative singular)
Caharijas (nominative plural)
Cahariju (accusative singular)
Caharijas (accusative plural)
Caharijas (genitive singular)
Cahariju (genitive plural)
Caharijai (dative singular)
Caharijām (dative plural)
Cahariju (instrumental singular)
Caharijām (instrumental plural)
Caharijā (locative singular)
Caharijās (locative plural)
Caharija (singular vocative)
Caharijas (plural vocative)


Apustuļu darbi

Acts of the Apostles
Acts of the Apostles


alfabēts

alfabēts (nominative singular)
alfabēti (nominative plural)
alfabētu (accusative singular)
alfabētus (accusative plural)
alfabēta (genitive singular)
alfabētu (genitive plural)
alfabētam (dative singular)
alfabētiem (dative plural)
alfabētu (instrumental singular)
alfabētiem (instrumental plural)
alfabētā (locative singular)
alfabētos (locative plural)
alfabēt (singular vocative)
alfabēti (plural vocative)

Latviešu valodā izmanto latīņu alfabētu.

alphabet (a set of letters used in a language in a particular order)


romāns

romāns (nominative singular)
romāni (nominative plural)
romānu (accusative singular)
romānus (accusative plural)
romāna (genitive singular)
romānu (genitive plural)
romānam (dative singular)
romāniem (dative plural)
romānu (instrumental singular)
romāniem (instrumental plural)
romānā (locative singular)
romānos (locative plural)
romān (singular vocative)
romāni (plural vocative)


Jūdas vēstule

Jūdas vēstule (nominative singular)
Jūdas vēstuli (accusative singular)
Jūdas vēstules (genitive singular)
Jūdas vēstulei (dative singular)
Jūdas vēstuli (instrumental singular)
Jūdas vēstulē (locative singular)
Jūdas vēstule (singular vocative)


Jēkaba vēstule

Jēkaba vēstule (nominative singular)
Jēkaba vēstuli (accusative singular)
Jēkaba vēstules (genitive singular)
Jēkaba vēstulei (dative singular)
Jēkaba vēstuli (instrumental singular)
Jēkaba vēstulē (locative singular)
Jēkaba vēstule (singular vocative)


Jāņa vēstule

Jāņa vēstule (nominative singular)
Jāņa vēstuli (accusative singular)
Jāņa vēstules (genitive singular)
Jāņa vēstulei (dative singular)
Jāņa vēstuli (instrumental singular)
Jāņa vēstulē (locative singular)
Jāņa vēstule (singular vocative)


Radīšanas grāmata

Radīšanas grāmata (nominative singular)
Radīšanas grāmatu (accusative singular)
Radīšanas grāmatas (genitive singular)
Radīšanas grāmatai (dative singular)
Radīšanas grāmatu (instrumental singular)
Radīšanas grāmatā (locative singular)
Radīšanas grāmata (singular vocative)


Jozuas grāmata

Jozuas grāmata (nominative singular)
Jozuas grāmatu (accusative singular)
Jozuas grāmatas (genitive singular)
Jozuas grāmatai (dative singular)
Jozuas grāmatu (instrumental singular)
Jozuas grāmatā (locative singular)
Jozuas grāmata (singular vocative)


Mozus

Mozus (nominative singular)
Mozi (nominative plural)
Mozu (accusative singular)
Mozus (accusative plural)
Mozus (genitive singular)
Mozu (genitive plural)
Mozum (dative singular)
Moziem (dative plural)
Mozu (instrumental singular)
Moziem (instrumental plural)
Mozū (locative singular)
Mozos (locative plural)
Mozus (singular vocative)
Mozi (plural vocative)


Cefanjas grāmata

Cefanjas grāmata (nominative singular)
Cefanjas grāmatu (accusative singular)
Cefanjas grāmatas (genitive singular)
Cefanjas grāmatai (dative singular)
Cefanjas grāmatu (instrumental singular)
Cefanjas grāmatā (locative singular)
Cefanjas grāmata (singular vocative)


cirkumflekss

cirkumflekss (nominative singular)
cirkumfleksi (nominative plural)
cirkumfleksu (accusative singular)
cirkumfleksus (accusative plural)
cirkumfleksa (genitive singular)
cirkumfleksu (genitive plural)
cirkumfleksam (dative singular)
cirkumfleksiem (dative plural)
cirkumfleksu (instrumental singular)
cirkumfleksiem (instrumental plural)
cirkumfleksā (locative singular)
cirkumfleksos (locative plural)
cirkumfleks (singular vocative)
cirkumfleksi (plural vocative)


rindkopa

rindkopa (nominative singular)
rindkopas (nominative plural)
rindkopu (accusative singular)
rindkopas (accusative plural)
rindkopas (genitive singular)
rindkopu (genitive plural)
rindkopai (dative singular)
rindkopām (dative plural)
rindkopu (instrumental singular)
rindkopām (instrumental plural)
rindkopā (locative singular)
rindkopās (locative plural)
rindkopa (singular vocative)
rindkopas (plural vocative)

From rindu, genitive plural form of rinda (“line”) + kopa (“group, cluster”).


līdzautors

lv-noun

līdzautors m (1st declension, feminine form: līdzautore)

līdzautore (feminine)
līdzautors (nominative singular)
līdzautori (nominative plural)
līdzautoru (accusative singular)
līdzautorus (accusative plural)
līdzautora (genitive singular)
līdzautoru (genitive plural)
līdzautoram (dative singular)
līdzautoriem (dative plural)
līdzautoru (instrumental singular)
līdzautoriem (instrumental plural)
līdzautorā (locative singular)
līdzautoros (locative plural)
līdzautor (singular vocative)
līdzautori (plural vocative)


starptautiskais fonētiskais alfabēts

starptautiskais fonētiskais alfabēts f (1st declension)

International Phonetic Alphabet
International Phonetic Alphabet

(phonetics) International Phonetic Alphabet